WO2012172258A1 - Substrat a electrode pour dispositif oled et un tel dispositif oled - Google Patents
Substrat a electrode pour dispositif oled et un tel dispositif oled Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012172258A1 WO2012172258A1 PCT/FR2012/051336 FR2012051336W WO2012172258A1 WO 2012172258 A1 WO2012172258 A1 WO 2012172258A1 FR 2012051336 W FR2012051336 W FR 2012051336W WO 2012172258 A1 WO2012172258 A1 WO 2012172258A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/805—Electrodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/805—Electrodes
- H10K50/81—Anodes
- H10K50/816—Multilayers, e.g. transparent multilayers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/805—Electrodes
- H10K50/82—Cathodes
- H10K50/826—Multilayers, e.g. opaque multilayers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of organic electroluminescent diode device electrodes, also called OLED devices for "Organic Light Emitting Diodes”.
- the OLED comprises a material, or a stack of materials, electroluminescent (s) organic (s), and is framed by two electrodes, one of the electrodes, said lower, usually the anode, being constituted by that associated with the substrate and the other electrode, said upper, usually the cathode, being arranged on the organic electroluminescent system.
- OLED is a device that emits light by electroluminescence using the recombination energy of holes injected from the anode and electrons injected from the cathode.
- bottom emission rear emission devices
- a lower (semi) transparent electrode and a reflective upper electrode in this case the substrate is directed towards the observer
- top emission in English
- front emission devices that is to say with an upper (semi) transparent electrode and a lower reflective electrode
- the front and rear emission devices i.e. with both a lower (semi) transparent electrode and a upper (semi) transparent electrode.
- the invention relates to rear-emitting and / or forward-transmitting OLED devices for the lighting market.
- ITO mixed oxide of indium and tin
- ITO mixed oxide of indium and tin
- Their square resistance is of the order of 20 ⁇ / square.
- the ITO anodes are hereinafter referred to as the first generation anode description.
- WO2009 / 083693 discloses anodes with stacks of thin layers with two silver layers between antireflection layers, the last electroconductive layer being made of ITO with a thickness of less than or equal to 50 nm and exhibiting adequate outlet for the injection of holes.
- This last type of anode described above is called a second generation anode in the following description.
- the square resistance of the stack in these second generation anodes is lower than those of the first generation.
- the first and second generation anodes have morphological defects, commonly called “spikes", due to manufacturing tolerances. These include flatness defects of the substrate surface, or defects generated during the deposition and / or growth of at least one of the thin layers (presence of dust, etc.), which cause peak effects when the OLED is in operation. These peak effects cause short circuits with a significant risk of overheating which can damage organic electroluminescent components that cooperate with the electrode. This causes accelerated aging of some parts of the OLED and greatly shortens its life.
- the object of the invention is to solve the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing an anode, more broadly an electrode, for a reliable, robust OLED device capable of limiting the number of visible defects, without sacrificing its electroconductivity properties, its optical quality, and the optical performance of the OLED, and without creating difficulties of realization.
- OLED device particularly suitable in general lighting applications (architectural and / or decorative), and / or backlight, and / or signage, and this for any size.
- a first aspect of the invention relates to a carrier substrate of an electrode for forming the anode or the cathode of a diode device.
- organic electroluminescent said OLED said electrode being based on a square resistance electrically conductive stack of less than 25 ⁇ / square, or even less than or equal to 10 ⁇ / square, comprising:
- an essentially inorganic electroconductive thin layer which is an output work adaptation layer, intended to be placed in contact with an organic OLED charge injection layer, the output work adaptation layer, at most 60 nm in thickness, having a square resistance at least 20 times greater than the square resistance of the electroconductive coating.
- the substrate further comprises between the electroconductive coating and the output work adaptation layer a thin layer, called buffer, essentially inorganic and surface resistance in a range of 10 "6 to 1 Q.cm 2 .
- the invention therefore consists in incorporating into the electrode a thin layer in order to:
- Such a layering arrangement thus makes it possible to hide the drops in luminosity (shadows) that usually appear around the "spikes” and that testify to localized voltage drops. It also avoids the phenomena of course circuits with heating that damage the OLED and improves its life.
- the buffer layer thus has a carefully selected intermediate surface resistivity (surface area in English): the material is sufficiently electroconductive not to excessively increase the series resistance of the OLED device in operation but sufficiently conductive enough to limit the current in the event of a short circuit.
- the surface resistance of the buffer layer is particularly adapted to an OLED device for lighting involving high current densities (in particular at least a current density of 1 mA / cm 2 ) in particular to reach a luminance of at least 500 cd / m 2 or 1000 cd / m 2 and even at least 3000 cd / m 2 .
- the electrode according to the invention can be over a large surface, for example a surface greater than or equal to 0.002 m 2 , or even 0.02 m 2 , or even at least 0.5 m 2 .
- the inventors have also unexpectedly demonstrated that it was not necessary to remove the inorganic adaptation layer from the output work, which could penalize the luminous efficiency of the OLED device, for the buffer layer to be efficient. however, it was crucial, even for a very thin output coping layer, to impose a limit and dependence on the resistance of the electroconductive coating to limit its lateral conduction.
- an adaptation layer of the most electrically conductive output work is not chosen. It is also not necessary to modify the existing organic charge carrier injection layer (s) (for example to dope them) because the luminous efficiency of the OLED is preserved by the maintenance of the adaptation layer. out work.
- the buffer layer and the output work adaptation layer are separate layers to decouple the features and provide flexibility.
- the inorganic output work adaptation layer is the last inorganic layer of the electrode (the electrode layer closest to the organic charge injection layer) and is preferably a monolayer.
- the buffer layer is preferably in contact with the inorganic adaptation layer of the output work, and is then the penultimate layer of the electrode.
- the buffer layer and the output work adaptation layer may be of the same type but with a distinct oxidation rate and / or a distinct doping rate, in particular to adjust their electrical properties.
- the buffer layer and the output work adaptation layer are not of the same nature, typically differ from at least one element (metal etc.) and / or type of doping to adjust their electrical properties.
- the lower the square resistance of the electrode (which is preferable especially for electrode surfaces of at least 5 cm 2 by 5 cm 2 ), the more the device is sensitive to defects and therefore the buffer layer is useful. Indeed, as we decrease the square resistance of an electrode, the area with a voltage drop around a punctual defect will be bigger and bigger, causing a bigger black spot when the OLED is in operation.
- the square resistance is preferably measured by a non-contact inductive method, for example using a reference Nagy device SRM-12 on a sample of minimum dimension 10 ⁇ 10 cm 2 .
- Surface resistance is defined as the electrical resistance experienced by a current flowing through the layer perpendicular to the surface planes of the layer, for a given area unit.
- resistivities are given at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of 25 ° C.
- substantially inorganic layer is meant according to the invention a predominantly inorganic layer or even preferably at least 90% inorganic.
- layer in the sense of the present invention, it should be understood that there may be a layer of a single material (monolayer) or more layers (multilayer), each of a different material.
- the expression "based on” is understood in a usual manner of a layer containing predominantly the material in play, that is to say containing at least 50% of this material in mass.
- the anode is the lower electrode, therefore the electrode closest to the substrate and the cathode is the upper electrode and therefore the electrode farthest away from the substrate.
- the invention relates to the anode and / or the cathode.
- the surface resistance of the buffer layer is in a range of 10 -4 to 1 ⁇ .cm 2 , or even 10 -2 to 1 ⁇ .cm 2 in order to effectively limit the current flowing through a short-term defect of the short-circuit type. circuit connecting the anode and the cathode, without significantly increasing the operating voltage of the OLED.
- the number of total conductive defects present on an OLED is highly dependent on the degree of technological development used to prepare the OLED.
- the surface resistance of the buffer layer should be adapted to the amount of defects present on the OLED.
- Table 1 illustrates the ranges of preferred surface resistance values as a function of the fraction of OLED surface with a short circuit to the total active area of the OLED. The lower and upper bounds are chosen to reduce the maximum efficiency of the OLED by less than 3%. It is based on a surface resistance of 35 ohm OLED. cm 2 to 1000 cd / m 2 .
- the buffer layer is preferably a monolayer.
- the buffer layer preferably has a thickness of at most 150 nm, at most 80 nm, more advantageously this thickness is at most 60 nm or even 40 nm.
- the buffer layer has a thickness of at least 3 nm, preferably 5 or 7 nm.
- the buffer layer is amorphous to limit the roughness of the stack.
- the surface of the adaptation layer of the output work can be, in particular by this amorphous buffer layer, roughness RMS (otherwise called Rq) less than or equal to 10 nm, preferably less than or equal to 5 nm, even more preferably lower or equal to 1.5 nm.
- R.M.S roughness means roughness "Root Mean Square”. This is a measure of measuring the value of the mean square deviation of roughness.
- This roughness R.M.S concretely, thus quantifies on average the height of the peaks and troughs of roughness, with respect to the average height.
- an R.M.S roughness of 2 nm means a double peak amplitude.
- the buffer layer is based on one or more metal oxides, the metallic part of which is preferably selected from at least one of the following elements: tin, zinc and tantalum, in particular Sn x Zn y O z and Ta 2 0 5 or a VOx vanadium oxide layer.
- This buffer layer based on one or more metal oxides is preferably undoped or doped to less than 5% or even 2% to adjust its electrical properties.
- the metal oxide Sn x Zn y O z is advantageously chosen from those whose relative proportions in Sn with respect to Zn are such that the y / x ratio varies from 1 to 2, and oxides can be mentioned by way of example.
- stoichiometric oxygen numbers SnZnO 3 and SnZn 2 0 4 .
- oxides Sn x Zn y O x : y / x varies from 1 to 2 2
- such oxides are chosen indifferently from stoichiometric, substoichiometric or super-stoichiometric oxygen oxides.
- the vanadium oxide is deposited with a V 2 O 5 target by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering under an argon atmosphere typically having a resistivity of approximately 10 5 ⁇ .cm.
- argon atmosphere typically having a resistivity of approximately 10 5 ⁇ .cm.
- its surface resistance is 0.3 Q.cm 2 .
- the buffer layer is based on an inorganic nitride or an inorganic oxynitride, in particular sufficiently doped and / or nitrided and / or superoxidized to adjust the electrical properties.
- silicon nitride or a semiconductor nitride (s) such as gallium nitride, preferably doped, in particular silicon, or preferably doped aluminum nitride, in particular silicon, is chosen.
- the surface of the buffer layer is preferably less than or equal to that of the output work adaptation layer, i.e. the area of the output sub-layer is at least 50% the surface of the output layer.
- the area of the output sub-layer is at least 70%, preferably 90%, or even more than 99% of the area of the output layer.
- the buffer layer is present under the output work adaptation layer in the areas where the "spikes" have a particularly detrimental impact on the operation of the OLED.
- the buffer layer is advantageously deposited at the periphery on the stack of layers previously deposited on the substrate.
- the output work adaptation layer is used for the injection of holes, with a sufficiently high output work, that is at least 4.5 eV, preferably at least 5 eV.
- the output work adaptation layer is used for the injection of electrons, with a work output sufficiently low, that is to say less than 3, 5 eV, preferably less than 3 eV.
- the output work adaptation layer may have a square resistance at least 40 times, even at least 80 or even 100 times greater than the square resistance of the electrode (or coating).
- the output work adaptation layer may be based on transparent oxide (s) conductive (s) preferably based on an indium oxide and at least one oxide of an element selected from tin, zinc and gallium.
- Such metal oxides are usually referred to as follows:
- - IZO refers to a layer based on a mixed oxide of indium and zinc
- ITZO is a layer based on indium oxide, tin and zinc.
- the output work adaptation layer can be very particularly a mixed indium tin oxide (ITO), preferably of thickness less than or equal to 50 nm, or even 30 nm, or even 10 nm.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the square resistance is preferably greater than or equal to 100 ⁇ / square, 200 ⁇ / square, or even 500 ⁇ / square, 1000 ⁇ / square.
- Its resistivity is preferably chosen to be greater than or equal to 10 -3 ⁇ .cm.
- the resistivity of a conventional ITO produced without heat treatment is approximately 5.10 -4 Q ⁇ m, ie for a thickness of 30 nm a square resistance of 160 ⁇ .
- the square resistance of the electrode is less than or equal to 10 ⁇ / square, or even 7 ⁇ / square or even 5 ⁇ / square.
- the output work adaptation layer may also be MOx molybdenum oxide.
- the molybdenum oxide is for example deposited with a Mo0 3 target by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering under argon atmosphere present typically a resistivity of about 10 -2 Q.cm. Thus with a thickness of 30 nm its square resistance is 4000 ⁇ / square.
- the electrode can form a transparent bottom electrode, which is an anode, has a square resistance of less than 20 ⁇ / square, preferably 10 ⁇ / square or even 5 ⁇ / square.
- the electroconductive coating comprises (mainly) a thin layer based on a transparent conductive oxide ("TCO" in English). of a thickness of at least 80 nm and less than 250 nm.
- TCO transparent conductive oxide
- it is any one of the following TCOs: ITO, IZO, IGZO or ITZO.
- the electroconductive coating comprises at least one metal layer between two thin layers, metal layer to base of a pure material selected from silver, gold, copper or aluminum, or possibly doped or alloyed material, with at least one of the following: Ag, Au, Al, Pt, Cu, Zn, In, Si, Zr, Mo, Ni, Cr, Mg, Mn, Co, Sn, Pd.
- a pure material selected from silver, gold, copper or aluminum, or possibly doped or alloyed material, with at least one of the following: Ag, Au, Al, Pt, Cu, Zn, In, Si, Zr, Mo, Ni, Cr, Mg, Mn, Co, Sn, Pd.
- palladium-doped silver or a gold-copper alloy or a silver-gold alloy may be mentioned.
- a silver-based layer (pure or doped or alloyed) is preferably chosen for its conductivity and transparency.
- the electroconductive coating may comprise a plurality of silver metal layers each between at least two layers.
- the physical thickness of the or each silver layer is from 6 to 20 nm. In this range of thicknesses, the electrode remains transparent.
- the electroconductive coating with the metal layer or layers has one or more ITO, IZO, IGZO or ITZO layers, or even indium-based layers with a cumulative thickness (where applicable) of less than 60 nm, 50 nm or even 30 nm or even. It can be is in particular free of ITO layer, IZO, IGZO or ITZO, or even indium-based.
- the electrode chosen anode according to the invention may have one or the following characteristics:
- the or each layer of silver is generally inserted into a stack of layers.
- the or each thin silver-based layer may be disposed between two thin dielectric layers based on oxide or nitride (for example Sn0 2 or Si 3 N 4 ).
- a very thin sacrificial layer for example titanium or a nickel-chromium alloy
- overbetter layer intended to protect the silver layer in case the deposition of the subsequent layer is carried out in an oxidizing or nitriding atmosphere, and in the case of heat treatments leading to an oxygen migration within the stack.
- the silver layer can also be deposited on and in contact with a layer, called the sub-blocker layer.
- the stack may therefore comprise an over-blocking layer and / or a sub-blocker layer flanking the or each layer of silver.
- the blocker layers may be based on a metal selected from nickel, chromium, titanium, tantalum, niobium, or an alloy of these different metals. Mention may in particular be made of nickel-titanium alloys (especially those comprising about 50% by weight of each metal) or nickel-chromium alloys (especially those comprising 80% by weight of nickel and 20% by weight of chromium).
- the overlocking layer may still consist of several superimposed layers, for example, away from the substrate, titanium and then a nickel alloy (especially a nickel-chromium alloy) or vice versa.
- the various metals or alloys mentioned can also be partially oxidized and / or nitrided, in particular having an oxygen sub-stoichiometry (for example TiO x or NiCrO x ).
- these layers of blocker are very thin, normally of a thickness less than 1 nm, not to affect the light transmission of the stack, and are likely to be partially oxidized during the heat treatment according to the invention.
- the thickness of at least one blocking layer may be higher, so as to constitute an absorbent layer within the meaning of the invention.
- the blocking layers are sacrificial layers capable of capturing the oxygen coming from the atmosphere or the substrate, thus avoiding oxidation of the silver layer.
- the or each silver layer is covered with an over-blocking layer having a thickness of less than 1 nm, based on a metal chosen from nickel, chromium, titanium, niobium, or an alloy of these different metals; advantageously, the over-blocking layer is made of titanium.
- the electrically conductive stack of the electrode according to the invention contains a layer called wetting layer whose function is to increase the wetting, the attachment of the silver layer and the nucleation of silver.
- Zinc oxide, in particular doped with aluminum, has proved particularly advantageous in this respect.
- the electrically conductive stack of the anode according to the invention preferably contains, directly under the or each wetting layer, a smoothing layer, which is a mixed oxide that is partially or even totally amorphous (thus of very low roughness). whose function is to promote the growth of the wetting layer in a preferred crystallographic orientation, which promotes the crystallization of silver by epitaxial phenomena.
- the smoothing layer is preferably composed of a mixed oxide of at least two metals selected from tin, zinc, indium, gallium and antimony. A preferred oxide is tin and zinc oxide optionally doped with antimony.
- the stack may include one or more layers of silver. When multiple layers of silver are present, the general architecture presented above can be repeated.
- the electrode according to the invention may also be a cathode, in which case the output work adaptation layer is advantageously 2 to 20 nm thick.
- the square resistance of a cathode may be less than 20 ⁇ / square, or even 15 ⁇ / square (if transparent cathode, quite thin), or even less than 1.5 ⁇ / square (if reflective cathode, thicker).
- the electroconductive coating is advantageously an aluminum or silver layer 80 to 200 nm thick, preferably 90 to 180 nm, or even 100 to 160 nm d thickness, to be reflective otherwise of thickness less than or equal to 20 nm or even less than or equal to 15, less than or equal to 10 to be transparent or alternatively to be a transparent conductive oxide as already described (ITO etc.).
- the output work adaptation layer may be made of LiF with a thickness of less than 10 nm and preferably greater than 2 nm.
- the substrate is preferably glass or polymeric organic material. It is preferably transparent, colorless (it is then a clear or extra-clear glass) or colored, for example blue, gray or bronze.
- the glass is preferably of the soda-lime type, but it may also be of borosilicate or aluminosilicate type glass.
- Preferred polymeric organic materials are polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), or fluorinated polymers such as ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- ETFE ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
- the substrate advantageously has at least one dimension greater than or equal to 20 cm, even 35 cm and even 50 cm.
- the thickness of the substrate generally varies between 0.025 mm and 19 mm, preferably between 0.4 and 6 mm, advantageously between 0.7 and 2.1 mm for a glass substrate, and preferably between 0.025 and 0.4 mm. , advantageously between 0.075 and 0.125 mm for a polymer substrate.
- the substrate may be flat or curved, or even flexible.
- the glass substrate is preferably of the float type, that is to say likely to have been obtained by a process of pouring the molten glass on a bath of molten tin ("float" bath).
- the layer to be treated may as well be deposited on the "tin” side than on the "atmosphere” side of the substrate.
- the term "atmosphere” and “tin” faces means the faces of the substrate having respectively been in contact with the atmosphere prevailing in the float bath and in contact with the molten tin.
- the tin side contains a small surface amount of tin that has diffused into the glass structure. It can also be obtained by rolling between two rollers, technique in particular to print patterns on the surface of the glass.
- the substrate is a silico-soda-lime glass obtained by floating, not coated with layers, and having a light transmission of the order of 90%, a light reflection of the order of 8% and an energy transmission of the order of 83% for a thickness of 4 mm.
- the light and energy transmissions and reflections are as defined by the NF EN 410 standard.
- Typical clear glasses are for example sold under the name SGG Planilux by the company Saint-Gobain Glass France or under the name Planibel Clair by the company AGC Fiat. Glass Europe.
- a layer called bottom layer which is typically an oxide such as an oxide of silicon (SiO 2 ) or tin, or preferably a nitride, preferably a silicon nitride Si 3 N 4 .
- the Si 3 N 4 silicon nitride may be doped, for example with aluminum or boron, in order to facilitate its deposition by sputtering techniques.
- the doping rate (corresponding to the atomic percentage with respect to the amount of silicon) does not generally exceed 2%.
- This base layer has the main function of protecting the silver layer from chemical or mechanical attack and also affects the optical properties, especially in reflection, of the stack, thanks to interference phenomena.
- the bottom layer also gives the lower electrode according to the invention many advantages. It is initially likely to be a barrier to the alkalis underlying the electrode. It protects the contact layer from pollution (pollution that can lead to mechanical defects such as delamination); it also preserves the electrical conductivity of the conductive layer. It also prevents the organic structure of an OLED device from being polluted by alkalis, thereby significantly reducing the life of the OLED.
- the alkali migration can occur during the manufacture of the device, causing unreliability, and / or subsequently reducing its life.
- the deposition of the stack on the substrate can be achieved by any type of process, in particular processes generating predominantly amorphous or nano-crystallized layers, such as the cathodic sputtering method, notably assisted by magnetic field (magnetron process), the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method (PECVD), the vacuum evaporation process, or the sol-gel process.
- the cathodic sputtering method notably assisted by magnetic field (magnetron process), the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method (PECVD), the vacuum evaporation process, or the sol-gel process.
- the stack is preferably deposited by cathodic sputtering, in particular assisted by a magnetic field commonly known as a magnetron process.
- the invention relates to an OLED device comprising:
- a lower electrode which is an anode
- an organic electroluminescent system including an organic OLED electron injection layer and an organic OLED hole injection layer
- an upper electrode which is a cathode
- the OLED device of the invention comprises two electrodes, the anode and the cathode, as described previously in the context of the present invention.
- the inventors have found that the presence of a buffer layer on the two electrodes of such a device further reduces the visual impact of a conductive fault generated by a "spike" with respect to a similar device but comprising only a single electrode according to the invention.
- the buffer layers for the anode and the cathode may be identical or different at least in thickness.
- the surface resistance of the lighting OLED according to the invention is typically from 5 to 500 ohm.cm 2 to 1000 cd / m 2 .
- the surface resistance of the buffer layer is preferably 10 times less, or even 100 times less than or equal to the surface resistance of the OLED.
- OLEDs are generally dissociated into two major families according to the organic electroluminescent component used.
- the organic electroluminescent material of the thin layer consists of evaporated molecules such as, for example, Alq 3 complex (tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum), DPVBi (4,4 '- (diphenylvinylene biphenyl)), DMQA (dimethyl quinacridone) or DCM (4- (dicyanomethylene) -2-methyl-6- (4-dimethylaminostyryl) -4H-pyran).
- the emissive layer may also for example be a layer of 4.4 f, ij 4 - tri (N-carbazolyl) TRIPHENYLAMINE (TCTA) doped with fac tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium [lr (ppy) 3] -
- TCTA N-carbazolyl TRIPHENYLAMINE
- SM-OLED consists of a hole injection layer stack or "HIL" for "Hole Injection Layer” in English, hole transport layer or "HTL” for "Hole Transporting Layer” in English.
- emissive layer, electron transport layer or "ETL” for "Electron Transporting Layer”.
- An example of a hole injection layer is copper phthalocyanine
- the hole transport layer may be, for example, N, N'-Bis (naphthalen-1-yl) -N, N'-bis (phenyl) benzidine (a-NPB),
- the electron transport layer may be composed of tris- (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq 3 ) or bathophenanthroline (BPhen), in which case one of the electrodes may be a layer of Mg / Al or LiF / HAVE.
- An exciton blocking layer for example based on BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline) may also be present in the stack.
- organic electroluminescent stacks are for example described in US6645645.
- organic electroluminescent layers are polymers, we speak of
- PLED Polymer Light Emitting Diodes
- the organic electroluminescent material of the thin layer consists of these polymers (PLEDs), for example PPV for poly (para-phenylene vinylene), PPP (poly (para-phenylene), DO-PPP (poly (2 1,3-phenyloxy-1-phenylene), MEH-PPV (poly [2- (2'-ethylhexyloxy) -5-methoxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene)]), CN-PPV (poly [2,5] -bis (hexyloxy) -1,4-phenylene- (1-cyanovinylene)]) or PDAF (poly (dialkylfluorene), the polymer layer is also associated with a layer which promotes the injection of holes (HIL) constituted by example of PEDT / PSS (poly (3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene / poly (4-styrene sulfonate)),
- PLED An example of PLED consists of a following stack:
- PEDOT poly(styrene sulphonate)
- Ph-PPV layer of 50 nm.
- one of the electrodes may be a layer of Ca.
- the device can form (alternative or cumulative choice) an illuminating, decorative, architectural system, etc.), a signaling display panel - for example of the type drawing, logo, alphanumeric signaling, including an emergency exit sign.
- the OLED device can be arranged to produce a uniform polychromatic light, especially for uniform illumination, or to produce different light areas of the same intensity or distinct intensity.
- OLED organic electroluminescent system
- the extraction zone may be adjacent to the OLED system or on the other side of the substrate.
- the extraction zone (s) can be used, for example, to reinforce the illumination provided by the direct light zone, in particular for an architectural type of lighting, or to signal the luminous panel.
- the extraction zone or zones are preferably in the form of band (s) of light, in particular uniform (s), and preferably arranged (s) on the periphery of one of the faces. These strips can for example form a very bright frame.
- the extraction is obtained by at least one of the following means arranged in the extraction zone: a diffusing layer, the substrate rendered diffusing, in particular textured or rough.
- an illuminating window can in particular be produced. Improved lighting of the room is not achieved at the expense of light transmission. By also limiting the light reflection, especially on the outside of the illuminating window, this also makes it possible to control the level of reflection, for example to comply with the anti-glare standards in force for the facades of buildings.
- the device in particular transparent by part (s) or entirely, can be:
- an external luminous glazing such as an external luminous glazing, an internal light partition or a part (part of) luminous glass door in particular sliding,
- a transport vehicle such as a bright roof, a (part of) window side light, an internal light partition of a land vehicle, aquatic or aerial (car, truck train, plane, boat, etc.),
- - intended for street or professional furniture such as a bus shelter panel, a wall of a display, a jewelery display or a showcase, a wall of a greenhouse, an illuminating slab,
- - intended for interior furnishing, a shelf or furniture element, a cabinet front, an illuminating slab, a ceiling lamp, a refrigerator lighting shelf, an aquarium wall.
- the upper electrode can be reflective.
- the OLED can be used for lighting a bathroom wall or a kitchen worktop, to be a ceiling light.
- Sputtering is coated with a glass plate (substrate), or plastic such as PET a stack of layers.
- the layers are deposited in stacking order from the substrate, with the respective thickness indicated as follows.
- a silico-soda-lime glass substrate (0.7 mm) carries a lower anode electrode composed of the following stack:
- SnZn 2 0 4 buffer layer 40 nm, preferably intrinsic
- a silico-soda-lime glass substrate (0.7 mm) carries a lower anode electrode composed of the following stack:
- a silico-soda-lime glass substrate (0.7 mm) carries a lower anode electrode composed of the following stack:
- Zn x Sn y O z (30 nm) doped with antimony Sb / ZnO (5 nm) / Ag (10 nm) / Ti ( ⁇ 1 nm) / ZnO doped with aluminum (5 nm) /
- a silico-soda-lime (4 mm) glass substrate carries a lower anode electrode composed of the following stack:
- this electroconductive coating is annealed for 30 minutes during 350 ° C.
- Table 2 shows the electrical, transparency and roughness properties of these examples.
- the magnetron sputtering deposition conditions for each of the layers underlying the buffer layer are as follows:
- the layers based on Si 3 N 4 : Al are deposited by reactive sputtering using an aluminum-doped silicon target under a pressure of 0.25 Pa in an argon / nitrogen atmosphere, fed with pulsed
- the layers based on SnZn are deposited by reactive sputtering using a target of zinc and antimony-doped tin containing by mass 65% Sn, 34% Zn and 1% of Sb, under a pressure of 0.2 Pa and in an argon / oxygen atmosphere, pulsed,
- the silver-based layers are deposited using a silver target, under a pressure of 0.8 Pa in an atmosphere of pure argon, fed with pulses,
- the Ti layers are deposited using a titanium target, at a pressure of 0.8 Pa in an atmosphere of pure argon, fed with pulses,
- Al are deposited by reactive sputtering using an aluminum doped zinc target at a pressure of 0.2 Pa and in an argon / oxygen atmosphere fed with pulsed water.
- the surface resistance of the buffer layer based on metal oxide (s) depends on the nature of the oxides, the possible doping, the degree of oxidation and the deposition process and is proportional to the thickness.
- a conventional TCO layer of zinc oxide, in particular doped in particular aluminum for chemical stability is too conductive.
- the intrinsic ZnO buffer layer is deposited by reactive sputtering using a zinc target at a pressure of 0.2 Pa and in an argon / oxygen atmosphere, preferably supplied with radiofrequency for a layer with fewer vacancies. oxygen therefore less conductive.
- the SnZn 2 0 4 buffer layers are deposited by reactive sputtering using a target of zinc and tin, at a pressure of 0.2 Pa and in an argon / oxygen atmosphere, pulsed.
- the ITO output work adaptation layers are deposited using a flat target with 90% indium in a pure argon atmosphere at a pressure of 4 mbar at a power of 1 kW. This gives a resistivity of 1.7 ⁇ 10 -3 ⁇ ⁇ cm and therefore a square resistance of 1700 ⁇ / square.
- the electroconductive properties of the output work adaptation pour are degraded to limit the lateral conductivity with respect to that of the electroconductive coating.
- the ITO layer of the conductive coating of Example 4 is conventional: it is deposited using a flat target with 90% indium in a pure argon atmosphere, under a pressure of 1.5. mbar at a power of 1 kW. A conventional resistivity of 4 ⁇ 10 -4 ⁇ .cm and thus a square resistance of 20 square is obtained.
- the SiO 2 layer has no effect on the electrical conduction.
- the electrode of Example 1 and the comparative electrode are each used respectively to manufacture an OLED as follows: the procedure is to obtain a lighting block whose largest surface forms a square of 2 cm square, and which is light when the diode in operation is observed by the substrate.
- the procedure is as follows: it is deposited by evaporation under vacuum, during the same deposition on the electrode of Example 1 and on the comparative electrode, a stack of organic layers, consisting in the order of an organic injection layer of 10 nm holes of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), a hole transport layer of 40 nm of N, N'-bis (naphthalen-1-yl) -N, N'-bis (phenyl) benzidine (o NPB).
- CuPc copper phthalocyanine
- o NPB NPB
- the light-emitting layer is then deposited by coevaporation of the green factris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium (1r (ppy) 3 ) luminescent element doped with 8% in a CBP matrix.
- a 10 nm exciton blocking layer of BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline) is then deposited, followed by 40 nm of Alq 3 (tris- (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (III)) which serves as an electron transport layer.
- the thickness of the organic system is typically 30 nm.
- the conventional cathode is deposited by vacuum evaporation and consists of 1 nm of LiF, followed by 100 nm of Al.
- a series of 10 Type 1 OLEDs and a series of 10 comparative OLEDs were manufactured which are each connected to a power supply controlled by current for lighting tests.
- the operating voltage is of the order of 5 V and the current density of
- the buffer layer In the presence of micron conductive defects, unlike the situation without buffer layer, the voltage remains constant over most of the OLED surface, and the voltage drop occurs this time only at a micron distance from the center of the defect, thereby reducing the non-illuminating surface of the OLED.
- the buffer layer is not the last placed at the top of the electrode, the buffer layer effectively limits the impact of a fault electrically connecting the anode and the cathode.
- the surface resistance of the buffer layer can not be chosen arbitrarily high, because a too high surface resistance would lead to ohmic losses during the crossing of this layer by the current, inducing a drop in the overall efficiency of the system.
- the minimum surface resistance of the buffer layer is determined by the defective area ratio on the total active area of the OLED, as already indicated in Table 1.
- the potential drop is straightforward, allowing the potential to remain at its maximum value on a maximum OLED surface.
- the potential drop is slower, which can lead to a gradual decrease in brightness on dimensions detectable to the naked eye. This result shows that it is advantageous to use a buffer layer on each of the electrodes to further reduce the visual impact of a conductive fault.
- an adaptation layer of the LiF output work with a thickness of less than 10 nm
- an aluminum reflective metal layer having a thickness of between 80 and 200 nm, preferably between 90 and 180 nm, and preferably between 100 and 160 nm,
- buffer layer having a surface resistance of between 10 -6 ohm.cm 2 and 1 ohm.cm 2 , preferably between 10 -4 ohm. cm 2 and 1 ohm. cm 2 , preferably between 10 -2 ohm cm 2 and 1 ohm cm 2 , buffer layer for example SnZnO and deposited by electron beam assisted evaporation (e-beam).
- an adaptation layer of LiF output work with a square resistance greater than ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ / square deposited by evaporation so as not to alter the organic surface, of thickness less than 10 nm, in particular of 5 nm (preferably to 1 or 2 nm to protect the underlying organic layers from subsequent deposits by magnetron),
- a conductive coating 100 nm of magnetron sputtered aluminum of R square of 0.3 ⁇ / square.
- a conductive coating 10 nm of magnetron sputtered silver of R square of 5 ⁇ / square.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020147000869A KR20140048202A (ko) | 2011-06-16 | 2012-06-14 | Oled 소자용 전극이 있는 기판 및 그와 같은 oled 소자 |
CN201280039791.8A CN103733372A (zh) | 2011-06-16 | 2012-06-14 | 用于oled器件的具有电极的衬底及此类oled器件 |
JP2014515262A JP2014517488A (ja) | 2011-06-16 | 2012-06-14 | Oled装置用の電極を備えた基材及びそのようなoled装置 |
EP12738490.7A EP2721660A1 (fr) | 2011-06-16 | 2012-06-14 | Substrat a electrode pour dispositif oled et un tel dispositif oled |
US14/126,733 US20140191212A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2012-06-14 | Substrate with an electrode for an oled device and such an oled device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1155269A FR2976729B1 (fr) | 2011-06-16 | 2011-06-16 | Substrat a electrode pour dispositif oled et un tel dispositif oled |
FR1155269 | 2011-06-16 |
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WO2012172258A1 true WO2012172258A1 (fr) | 2012-12-20 |
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PCT/FR2012/051336 WO2012172258A1 (fr) | 2011-06-16 | 2012-06-14 | Substrat a electrode pour dispositif oled et un tel dispositif oled |
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US (1) | US20140191212A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2721660A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2014517488A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20140048202A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN103733372A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2976729B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2012172258A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10593732B2 (en) | 2017-08-07 | 2020-03-17 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Light emitting diode |
Families Citing this family (2)
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FR3026404B1 (fr) * | 2014-09-30 | 2016-11-25 | Saint Gobain | Substrat muni d'un empilement a proprietes thermiques et a couche intermediaire sous stoechiometrique |
CN106848104B (zh) * | 2017-04-14 | 2019-07-26 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 顶发射型发光器件 |
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2011
- 2011-06-16 FR FR1155269A patent/FR2976729B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-06-14 EP EP12738490.7A patent/EP2721660A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-06-14 US US14/126,733 patent/US20140191212A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-06-14 CN CN201280039791.8A patent/CN103733372A/zh active Pending
- 2012-06-14 WO PCT/FR2012/051336 patent/WO2012172258A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2012-06-14 KR KR1020147000869A patent/KR20140048202A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-06-14 JP JP2014515262A patent/JP2014517488A/ja active Pending
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WO2008059185A2 (fr) * | 2006-11-17 | 2008-05-22 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Electrode pour dispositif electroluminescent organique, sa gravure acide, ainsi que dispositif electroluminescent organique l'incorporant |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20140048202A (ko) | 2014-04-23 |
CN103733372A (zh) | 2014-04-16 |
EP2721660A1 (fr) | 2014-04-23 |
JP2014517488A (ja) | 2014-07-17 |
FR2976729B1 (fr) | 2013-06-07 |
US20140191212A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
FR2976729A1 (fr) | 2012-12-21 |
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