WO2012169167A1 - Power supply system and charging method for battery pack - Google Patents

Power supply system and charging method for battery pack Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012169167A1
WO2012169167A1 PCT/JP2012/003650 JP2012003650W WO2012169167A1 WO 2012169167 A1 WO2012169167 A1 WO 2012169167A1 JP 2012003650 W JP2012003650 W JP 2012003650W WO 2012169167 A1 WO2012169167 A1 WO 2012169167A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
lead storage
constant current
current value
housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2012/003650
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
陽隆 阿部
和成 安藤
佐々木　健浩
宗良 野田
Original Assignee
パナソニック株式会社
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Application filed by パナソニック株式会社 filed Critical パナソニック株式会社
Priority to JP2012532794A priority Critical patent/JP5090584B1/en
Publication of WO2012169167A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012169167A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H02J7/00718—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current in response to charge current gradient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power supply system including an assembled battery composed of a plurality of lead storage batteries and a method for charging the assembled battery.
  • An assembled battery composed of a plurality of lead storage batteries is widely used for backup power sources such as uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and power storage units in solar power generation systems.
  • UPS uninterruptible power supply
  • this assembled battery is used as a drive source for an electric vehicle, deep discharge is repeated as compared with the above-described application, and thus the life is likely to be shortened. The reason is as follows.
  • the charging efficiency of lead-acid batteries is proportional to the environmental temperature. Therefore, for example, if the end-of-charge voltage of the assembled battery is set low so that the lead storage battery that is surrounded by another lead storage battery and exposed to a high temperature atmosphere is fully charged, for example, lead that is easily exposed to the outside air and exposed to a low temperature atmosphere The storage battery becomes insufficiently charged and sulfation is likely to occur. On the other hand, if the end-of-charge voltage of the assembled battery is set high so that the lead storage battery exposed to the low temperature atmosphere is fully charged, the lead storage battery exposed to the high temperature atmosphere is overcharged and the corrosion of the lattice is likely to occur. This tendency becomes more prominent as the battery is fully charged from a state where the state of charge (SOC) is low (that is, deep discharge).
  • SOC state of charge
  • Patent Document 1 has a configuration in which charging and discharging are repeated in such a way as to accept the difference in environmental temperature to which each lead storage battery is exposed. For this reason, the deterioration mode at the end of life is different for each lead-acid battery. As a result, the end-of-life state of the entire assembled battery cannot be predicted. In order to eliminate this concern, it is necessary to reduce the temperature difference between individual lead-acid batteries by cooling or the like. However, in order to reduce the temperature difference to a level at which there is no characteristic difference, a cooling device is provided while sacrificing the volume efficiency of the power supply system, which is not realistic. In such a situation, even if N-stage constant current charging (N ⁇ 2) is introduced, it is considered that a long life cannot be expected.
  • N ⁇ 2 constant current charging
  • the present invention solves these problems, and provides a power supply system and an assembled battery charging method capable of extending the life of an assembled battery comprising a plurality of lead storage batteries.
  • a power supply system includes an assembled battery that is housed in a housing and includes a plurality of lead storage batteries, and a charging unit that charges the assembled battery, and the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery is P [ Ah], the nominal voltage of the lead storage battery is V [V], and the interval between the adjacent lead storage batteries in the housing is D1 [mm], 0.007 ⁇ D1 / (P ⁇ V ) ⁇ 0.347 is satisfied, the plurality of lead storage batteries are housed in the housing, and the charging unit starts first-stage constant current charging with a predetermined charging current value, When the terminal voltage of the lead-acid battery reaches a predetermined end-of-charge voltage, N-stage constant current charging is performed in which the charging current value is reduced and charging that proceeds to the next-stage constant current charging is repeated N (N is an integer of 2 or more). When the N-stage constant current charging is completed, the N-stage constant current charging is performed. That the N-th stage of lower than the charging current value current value or substantially the same current
  • An assembled battery charging method is an assembled battery charging method including a plurality of lead storage batteries housed in a single housing, and a first stage constant current according to a predetermined charging current value.
  • N is an integer of 2 or more.
  • a second step of performing in-charge charging for a charging time wherein the lead-acid battery has a nominal capacity P [Ah], a lead-acid battery nominal voltage V [V], and the lead-acid battery inside the housing
  • P [Ah] a lead-acid battery nominal voltage
  • V [V] a lead-acid battery nominal voltage
  • the lead-acid battery inside the housing When the interval between them is D1 [mm], 0.007 ⁇ D1 / (P As V) ⁇ 0.347 is satisfied, the plurality of lead-acid battery is housed inside the housing.
  • the life of the assembled battery composed of a plurality of lead storage batteries can be realized, it is possible to provide a power supply system suitable for the drive source of the electric vehicle and a charging method for the assembled battery.
  • FIG. 1 It is a perspective view which shows an example of the assembled battery in the power supply system of one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the accommodation state of the assembled battery in the power supply system of one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the lead acid battery shown by FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the power supply system of one Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the charging method of the assembled battery of one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows typically the housing
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio D1 / Q and the number of cycles until the end of the life in Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and Examples 1 to 6 in FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio D1 / Q and the number of cycles until the end of the life in Comparative Examples 5 to 8 and Examples 9 to 14 in FIG.
  • N-stage constant-current charging (N ⁇ 2) is completed by optimizing the size of the gap between lead-acid batteries that are prone to heat generation so that air convection due to temperature differences occurs at a relatively high speed.
  • N ⁇ 2 N-stage constant-current charging
  • the inventors have determined that the optimum range of the distance D1 [mm] between the lead storage batteries for generating air convection caused by a temperature difference at a relatively high speed is the nominal capacity P [Ah] and the nominal voltage V of the lead storage batteries. It was clarified that it depends on the product of [V]. Since there is a correlation between the product of the nominal capacity P [Ah] and the nominal voltage V [V] and the amount of heat generated by the lead storage battery, it is considered that such dependence occurs. Therefore, the parameter indicating the preferred range of the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries in the present invention is defined as a ratio D1 / (P ⁇ V) obtained by dividing D1 by (P ⁇ V). Specifically, the effect of this embodiment appears when 0.007 ⁇ D1 / (P ⁇ V) ⁇ 0.347 is satisfied.
  • Push-in charging here refers to charging in which charging is performed without providing an end-of-charge voltage and charging is terminated when a preset charging time is reached. Sulfation can be eliminated by overcharging to such an extent that the indentation does not corrode the grid.
  • the “casing” in this specification may be anything that surrounds the assembled battery.
  • the housing may be configured exclusively for an assembled battery, for example.
  • the housing may be a device-side component on which the assembled battery is mounted, such as a body of an electric vehicle or a part of a chassis.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of an assembled battery in a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of a state in which the assembled battery is stored in the power supply system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the lead storage battery shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, a part of the lead storage battery is shown with a part cut away.
  • the lead storage battery 1 is manufactured as follows. That is, the plate group 1d is formed by making the plate-like positive electrode 1b and the negative electrode 1c face each other with the separator 1a interposed therebetween.
  • the electrode plate group 1d is accommodated in each cell chamber 1f of the battery case 1g divided into a plurality (for example, six in this embodiment) of cell chambers 1f by the partition walls 1e.
  • the electrode plate group 1d of each cell chamber 1f is connected in series.
  • the cell chamber 1f is sealed and formed after the electrolytic solution is injected, whereby the positive electrode 1b and the negative electrode 1c are formed, and the lead storage battery 1 is manufactured.
  • a plurality of lead storage batteries 1 are connected in series with a connecting component 4, a positive lead wire 2b is connected to the positive terminal 2a of the lead storage battery 1 at one end (left end in FIG. 1), and the other end (right end in FIG. 1).
  • the assembled battery 10 is configured by connecting the negative electrode lead wire 3 b to the negative electrode terminal 3 a of the lead storage battery 1.
  • the assembled battery 10 is housed in the housing 5. Specifically, the positive electrode lead wire 2b and the negative electrode lead wire 3b are drawn out while the assembled battery 10 is housed in the container 5b and the upper lid 5a is closed. And each lead acid battery 1 is fixed to the housing
  • the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery 1 is P [Ah]
  • the nominal voltage of the lead storage battery 1 is V [V]
  • the interval between the lead storage batteries 1 in the housing 5 is D1 [mm]. ]
  • the ratio D1 / (P ⁇ V) is 0.007 or more and 0.347 or less.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the power supply system 20 includes the above-described assembled battery 10 and a charging unit 11 that charges the assembled battery 10.
  • the charging unit 11 includes a voltage detection unit 12 and a control unit 13.
  • the voltage detection unit 12 detects the terminal voltage of the assembled battery 10.
  • the control unit 13 includes, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a read only memory (ROM), and a random access memory (RAM).
  • the control unit 13 controls charging of the assembled battery 10 by the charging unit 11.
  • the control unit 13 charges the assembled battery 10 by N-stage constant current charging (N ⁇ 2), and then charges by indentation charging.
  • N-stage constant current charging is charging performed N times to substantially the same charge end voltage while sequentially reducing the current value.
  • Push-in charging is charging that is terminated when a preset charging time is reached without providing a charge end voltage.
  • FIG. 4 the form of the power supply system 20 with which the assembled battery 10 and the charging part 11 were integrated is shown.
  • the load 30 is connected to the terminals 20 a and 20 b of the power supply system 20.
  • the form of the power supply system 20 is not limited to the form shown in FIG.
  • the charging unit 11 or the load 30 may be selected and connected to the assembled battery 10 (for example, connected to the positive lead line 2b and the negative lead line 3b shown in FIG. 2).
  • the charging part 11 may incorporate the power supply, for example.
  • the charging unit 11 may generate a power source for charging from an external commercial power source, for example.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a method for charging an assembled battery.
  • the thick solid line indicates “N-stage constant current charge + indentation charge” used in the present embodiment
  • the thick dotted line indicates “constant current constant voltage charge” as a comparative example not used in the present embodiment.
  • N 4 in N-stage constant current charging.
  • N 3.
  • constant current constant voltage charging as a comparative example will be described.
  • constant voltage charging is performed at the charging current value I1 while the terminal voltage of the assembled battery 10 is detected by the voltage detector 12, and when the terminal voltage reaches the charging end voltage Ve, From constant current charging to constant voltage charging, constant voltage charging is performed so as to maintain the terminal voltage of the assembled battery 10 at the end-of-charge voltage Ve, and the charging current value gradually decreases.
  • N-stage constant current charging + indentation charging used in the present embodiment will be described.
  • the terminal voltage of the assembled battery 10 is detected by the voltage detection unit 12, and the constant current charge is performed at the charging current value I1.
  • the first-stage constant current charging C1 ends, and charging is temporarily stopped to switch the charging current value.
  • the terminal voltage of the assembled battery 10 is detected by the voltage detection unit 12 in the same manner as in the first stage, and charging current values I2 and I3 (I1> I2>, respectively).
  • the constant current charging is performed in I3) and the terminal voltage of the assembled battery 10 reaches the charging end voltage Ve, the constant current charging C2 and C3 are terminated, and the charging is temporarily stopped to switch the charging current value.
  • the constant current charge is performed at the charge current value I4 (I3> I4) while the terminal voltage of the assembled battery 10 is detected by the voltage detector 12 as in the first to third stages.
  • the N-stage constant current charging is completed and the process proceeds to the push-in charging FC.
  • the push-in charging FC is performed at the same current value as the charging current value I4 of the N-th stage (fourth stage in this embodiment) of the N-stage constant current charging until a predetermined charging time T5 is reached.
  • the charging time T5 of the push-in charging FC is determined based on, for example, the amount of charged electricity in the first stage constant current charging C1.
  • the amount of charge in the first stage constant current charge C1 can be obtained based on the charge current value I1 and the charge time T1.
  • the N-stage constant current charging is a charging method in which the current value is successively reduced while being a constant current.
  • the N-stage constant current charging can finish the charging in a shorter time than the constant current constant voltage charging while reducing the polarization in a region where the SOC is high as in the constant current constant voltage charging.
  • the N-stage constant current charging is more efficient than the constant current constant voltage charging that continuously charges. The reason for this is that when charging is temporarily stopped to switch the charging current value, sulfate ions gathered on the surface of the electrode plate and dispersed at a high concentration can be instantly dispersed to make the concentration of sulfate ions uniform. Conceivable.
  • the total time required for charging is constant current and constant voltage. Shorter than charging.
  • N 4 for N-stage constant current charging
  • the sum (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4) of time required for constant current charging C1 to C4 from the first stage to the fourth stage (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4) T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + T5) is shorter by the time (T6) than the time (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + T5 + T6) required for constant current and constant voltage charging. That is, “N-stage constant current charge + indentation charge” used in the present embodiment is considered to take less time than constant current and constant voltage charge, and to improve the life characteristics of the assembled battery 10.
  • the lead storage battery 1 that has finished the N-stage constant current charging with a high SOC because of the high temperature environment often causes grid corrosion due to overcharging.
  • the lead-acid battery 1 that has completed N-stage constant current charging with a low SOC because of the low temperature environment sulfation is often not sufficiently eliminated.
  • Such an assembled battery 10 has a short life because the states of the individual lead storage batteries 1 vary.
  • N-stage constant current charging (N ⁇ 2) can be achieved by optimizing the size of the gap between the lead storage batteries 1 that are likely to generate heat and causing air convection caused by a temperature difference at a relatively high speed. It was found that the environmental temperatures of the individual lead storage batteries 1 were made substantially uniform until the end of the process, and the SOC of the individual lead storage batteries 1 was made almost uniform. At the same time, when the assembled battery 10 is pushed in and charged in this state, in all the lead storage batteries 1, the corrosion of the lattice is eliminated and the sulfation is eliminated. I understood.
  • the optimum range of the interval D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 depends on the product (P ⁇ V) of the nominal capacity P and the nominal voltage V of the lead storage battery 1 as a rule of thumb. This is considered to be because it depends on the calorific value of the lead storage battery 1. Therefore, the parameter indicating the preferred range of the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 in this embodiment is defined as a ratio D1 / (P ⁇ V) obtained by dividing D1 by (P ⁇ V). Specifically, when D1 / (P ⁇ V) is 0.007 or more and 0.347 or less, good results are obtained and the effects of the present embodiment appear.
  • the preferred range exists only in the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries 1, and the distance D2 between the side surface of the lead storage battery 1 and the side surface of the housing 5 (FIGS. 1 and 2) and lead
  • the distance D3 (FIG. 2) between the upper surface of the storage battery 1 and the upper lid 5a of the housing 5 does not affect the effect of this embodiment. This is considered to be because only the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 where the heat that is the source of air convection is generated becomes the dominant factor in the generation of air convection.
  • a discharge hole or the like may be provided for discharging the gas discharged when the internal pressure of the lead storage battery 1 increases.
  • the interval between the lead storage batteries 1 is not constant, it is preferable to obtain an average value of the interval and set it to D1.
  • the casing 5 in the present embodiment may be anything that surrounds the assembled battery 10.
  • the housing 5 may be configured exclusively for the assembled battery 10, for example.
  • the housing may be a device-side component on which the assembled battery 10 is mounted, such as a body of an electric vehicle or a part of a chassis.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a housing provided in the electric vehicle.
  • an assembled battery 10 including three lead storage batteries 1 is housed in a housing 5 d provided on the vehicle body of the electric vehicle 6.
  • the casings 5 and 5d in the present embodiment are “the casings 5 and 5d that can substantially uniformize the environmental temperature of the individual lead storage batteries 1 of the assembled battery 10 by air convection that occurs in the gaps between the lead storage batteries 1”. Point to.
  • the current value of the indentation charge FC is the same (or substantially the same) as the current value of the constant current charge C4 in the final stage (fourth stage) of the N-stage constant current charge, the current This is preferable because the programming of the control unit 13 can be simplified because the number of value switching does not increase.
  • the indentation charging FC it is preferable to charge an electric quantity of 2% or more and 10% or less with respect to the nominal capacity P [Ah] of the lead storage battery 1.
  • push-in charging is charging performed without providing a charge end voltage.
  • the amount of charged electricity is 100% or more and 108% or less with respect to the nominal capacity P [Ah] of the lead storage battery 1.
  • the total amount of electricity charged is close to 110% of the nominal capacity P [Ah] of the lead storage battery 1.
  • the charge electricity amount in the push-in charge FC is 2% or more with respect to the nominal capacity P [Ah] of the lead storage battery 1 And it is preferable to set in the range of 10% or less. As a result, excessive overcharging can be avoided in the push-in charging FC.
  • the lead storage battery 1 is a control valve type lead storage battery, it is more preferable because it is not necessary to open the housing 5 to replenish water each time the amount of water decreases as in the liquid lead storage battery.
  • the lead acid battery 1 shown in FIG. 3 was produced as follows. That is, a positive electrode was made by filling a positive electrode lattice made of a lead-tin alloy with lead powder, and a negative electrode was made by filling a negative electrode lattice made of a lead-tin alloy with lead powder, barium sulfate, and a lignin compound.
  • the positive electrode group was prepared by making the six positive electrodes and the seven negative electrodes face each other with a separator interposed therebetween.
  • the electrode plate group is accommodated in each cell chamber of the battery case divided into a plurality of cell chambers by a partition wall, the electrode plate group is connected in series and sealed, and an electrolyte is injected to form a positive electrode.
  • the three lead storage batteries 1 are connected in series with a copper connecting part 4, the positive lead wire 2 b is connected to the positive terminal 2 a of the lead storage battery 1 at one end, and the negative lead is drawn to the negative terminal 3 a of the lead storage battery 1 at the other end.
  • the assembled battery 10 was produced by connecting the wire 3b.
  • the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 in the housing 5 is set to 0.5 [mm]
  • the side surface of the lead storage battery 1 is
  • the distance D2 from the side surface of the housing 5 was 5 [mm]
  • the positive lead wire 2b and the negative lead wire 3b are connected to the charging unit 11 and the following three types of charging are performed.
  • C is also referred to as “It”.
  • the constant current charge is performed at 0.15 C, which is the same as the first stage of the N-stage constant current charge described above.
  • the process proceeds to the constant voltage charge, and the current value is gradually attenuated. Is finished when charging to 104% of the nominal capacity.
  • FIG. 7 is a table showing the time required for the above-described charging (average value of initial 10 cycles) and the number of cycles in which the discharge capacity has decreased to 70% of the initial value.
  • a curve L1 indicates “N-stage constant current charge + indentation charge”
  • a curve L2 indicates “N-stage constant current charge only”
  • a curve L3 indicates “constant current constant voltage charge”.
  • a curve L11 indicates “N-stage constant current charge + indentation charge”
  • a curve L12 indicates “N-stage constant current charge only”
  • a curve L13 indicates “constant current constant voltage charge”.
  • N-stage constant current charging + indentation charging (curve L1 in FIG. 8, curve L11 in FIG. 9) is performed on Examples 1 to 16 (A1 to A16).
  • the charging time is shorter than that of constant current and constant voltage charging (curve L3 in FIG. 8, curve L13 in FIG. 9), and only N-stage constant current charging is performed (curve L2 in FIG. 8, curve L12 in FIG. 9).
  • constant current / constant voltage charging (curve L3 in FIG. 8, curve L13 in FIG. 9), the life is extended.
  • Examples 2 to 5 (A2 to A5) and Examples 10 to 13 (A10 to A13), especially Examples 2 to 5 having a ratio D1 / Q of 0.014 or more and 0.188 or less.
  • 4 (A2 to A4) and Examples 10 to 12 (A10 to A12) are found to have a significantly longer life.
  • the ratio D1 / Q is less than 0.007, the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 is too narrow, Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 5, 6, and the lead storage batteries 1 with the ratio D1 / Q exceeding 0.347.
  • Comparative Examples 3, 4 and 7, 8 in which the distance D1 is too wide the life characteristics are not good. The following can be considered as this reason. That is, in these comparative examples, the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 is out of the preferred range for generating air convection, and sufficient convection does not occur, so the temperature inside the housing 5 is made uniform.
  • the N-stage constant current charging is completed. Therefore, indentation charging is started in a state where the SOC of each lead storage battery 1 varies.
  • Example 2 (A2) is compared with Example 7 (A7) and Example 10 (A10) is compared with Example 15 (A15), the difference in the number of cycles until the end of life is 140 cycles. (Examples 2 and 10) and 138 cycles (Examples 7 and 15). Therefore, it can be seen that the distance D2 between the side surface of the lead storage battery 1 and the side surface of the housing 5 has almost no influence.
  • Example 2 (A2) is compared with Example 8 (A8) and Example 10 (A10) is compared with Example 16 (A16), the difference in the number of cycles until the end of the life is 140 cycles. (Examples 2 and 10) and 138 cycles (Examples 8 and 16). Therefore, it can be seen that the distance D3 between the upper surface of the lead storage battery 1 and the upper lid 5a of the housing 5 has almost no influence.
  • a power supply system includes an assembled battery that is housed in a housing and includes a plurality of lead storage batteries, and a charging unit that charges the assembled battery, and the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery is P [ Ah], the nominal voltage of the lead storage battery is V [V], and the interval between the adjacent lead storage batteries in the housing is D1 [mm], 0.007 ⁇ D1 / (P ⁇ V ) ⁇ 0.347 is satisfied, the plurality of lead storage batteries are housed in the housing, and the charging unit starts first-stage constant current charging with a predetermined charging current value, When the terminal voltage of the lead-acid battery reaches a predetermined end-of-charge voltage, N-stage constant current charging is performed in which the charging current value is reduced and charging that proceeds to the next-stage constant current charging is repeated N (N is an integer of 2 or more). When the N-stage constant current charging is completed, the N-stage constant current charging is performed. That the N-th stage of lower than the charging current value current value or substantially the same current
  • the nominal capacity of the lead-acid battery is P [Ah]
  • the nominal voltage of the lead-acid battery is V [V]
  • the interval between adjacent lead-acid batteries inside the housing is D1 [mm] , 0.007 ⁇ D1 / (P ⁇ V) ⁇ 0.347
  • a plurality of lead storage batteries are housed in the housing. Therefore, when the assembled battery is charged, air convection is suitably generated inside the housing due to a temperature difference generated by heat generation of the lead storage battery. For this reason, when the N-th stage of N-stage constant current charging is completed, the temperature difference between the individual lead-acid batteries is reduced, thereby reducing the variation in the SOC of the individual lead-acid batteries.
  • the housing may be further provided with the assembled battery fixedly stored.
  • the housing for housing the assembled battery is provided, a plurality of lead storage batteries are provided so that 0.007 ⁇ D1 / (P ⁇ V) ⁇ 0.347 is reliably satisfied. Can be fixed and stored inside the housing.
  • the charging unit may set the charging current value in the push-in charging to be substantially the same as the N-th stage current value in the N-stage constant current charging.
  • the charging current value in the indentation charging is set to be substantially the same as the N-th stage current value. Therefore, it is not necessary to change the charging current value when the N-stage constant current charging is completed and the indentation charging is started. For this reason, control of charging by the control unit is simplified.
  • the charging unit includes a charging current value and a charging time so that an electric amount of 2% or more and 10% or less with respect to a nominal capacity of the lead storage battery is charged in the push-in charging. May be set.
  • the charging current value and the charging time are set such that an electric charge of 2% or more and 10% or less is charged with respect to the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery in the indentation charging. Therefore, it is possible to avoid an excessive overcharge in the push-in charge.
  • the lead storage battery may be a control valve type lead storage battery.
  • the lead storage battery is a control valve type lead storage battery, it is not necessary to open the casing to replenish water each time the amount of water decreases as in the liquid lead storage battery, which is preferable.
  • An assembled battery charging method is an assembled battery charging method including a plurality of lead storage batteries housed in a single housing, and a first stage constant current according to a predetermined charging current value.
  • N is an integer of 2 or more.
  • a second step of performing in-charge charging for a charging time wherein the lead-acid battery has a nominal capacity P [Ah], a lead-acid battery nominal voltage V [V], and the lead-acid battery inside the housing
  • P [Ah] a lead-acid battery nominal voltage
  • V [V] a lead-acid battery nominal voltage
  • the lead-acid battery inside the housing When the interval between them is D1 [mm], 0.007 ⁇ D1 / (P As V) ⁇ 0.347 is satisfied, the plurality of lead-acid battery is housed inside the housing.
  • the nominal capacity of the lead-acid battery is P [Ah]
  • the nominal voltage of the lead-acid battery is V [V]
  • the interval between adjacent lead-acid batteries inside the housing is D1 [mm] , 0.007 ⁇ D1 / (P ⁇ V) ⁇ 0.347
  • a plurality of lead storage batteries are housed in the housing. Therefore, when the assembled battery is charged, air convection is suitably generated inside the housing due to a temperature difference generated by heat generation of the lead storage battery. For this reason, when the N-th stage of N-stage constant current charging is completed, the temperature difference between the individual lead-acid batteries is reduced, thereby reducing the variation in the SOC of the individual lead-acid batteries.
  • the charging current value in the indentation charging may be set to be substantially the same as the N-th stage current value in the N-stage constant current charging.
  • the charging current value in the indentation charging is set to be substantially the same as the N-th stage current value. Therefore, it is not necessary to change the charging current value when the N-stage constant current charging is completed and the indentation charging is started. For this reason, control of charging by the control unit is simplified.
  • a charging current value and a charging time are charged so that an electric quantity of 2% or more and 10% or less is charged with respect to a nominal capacity of the lead storage battery. It may be set.
  • the charging current value and the charging time are set such that an electric charge of 2% or more and 10% or less is charged with respect to the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery in the indentation charging. Therefore, it is possible to avoid an excessive overcharge in the push-in charge.
  • the lead storage battery may be a control valve type lead storage battery.
  • the lead storage battery is a control valve type lead storage battery, it is not necessary to open the casing to replenish water each time the amount of water decreases as in the liquid lead storage battery, which is preferable.
  • the power supply system and the battery pack charging method of the present invention can maintain life characteristics even when repeated deep discharge is repeated while increasing volumetric efficiency, a small-scale independent power source such as a driving source of an electric vehicle or a household solar power generation, for example It is preferable as an auxiliary power source for the system, and its availability is extremely high.

Abstract

A power supply system is provided with a battery pack (10) which is housed in a housing (5) and configured from a plurality of lead storage batteries (1), and a charging unit (11) which charges the battery pack, the plurality of lead storage batteries (1) are housed in the housing (5) so as to satisfy 0.007 ≤ D1/(P×V) ≤ 0.347 where P[Ah] is the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery (1), V[V] is the nominal voltage of the lead storage battery (1), and D1[mm] is the distance between the lead storage batteries (1) adjacent to each other in the housing (5), the charging unit (11) starts a first-stage constant current charging at a predetermined charging current value, when the terminal voltage of the lead storage battery reaches a predetermined charging termination voltage, performs N-stage constant current charging wherein charging in which the charging current value is reduced to proceed to the next-stage constant current charging is repeated in N (N is an integer of 2 or more) stages, and when the N-stage constant current charging is completed, performs forced charging for a predetermined charging time at a current value lower than or a current value substantially identical with the N-th stage charging current value in the N-stage constant current charging.

Description

電源システムおよび組電池の充電方法Power supply system and battery pack charging method
　本発明は複数個の鉛蓄電池からなる組電池を備える電源システムおよび当該組電池の充電方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a power supply system including an assembled battery composed of a plurality of lead storage batteries and a method for charging the assembled battery.
　複数個の鉛蓄電池からなる組電池は、無停電電源装置（ＵＰＳ）などのバックアップ電源や太陽光発電システムにおける蓄電部などに広く用いられている。なかでも、この組電池を電動車の駆動源として用いた場合、上述した用途に比べて深い放電が繰り返されるため、短寿命になりやすい。その理由を以下に示す。 An assembled battery composed of a plurality of lead storage batteries is widely used for backup power sources such as uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and power storage units in solar power generation systems. In particular, when this assembled battery is used as a drive source for an electric vehicle, deep discharge is repeated as compared with the above-described application, and thus the life is likely to be shortened. The reason is as follows.
　鉛蓄電池の充電効率は環境温度に比例する。したがって、例えば周囲が他の鉛蓄電池で囲まれて高温雰囲気に晒される鉛蓄電池が満充電されるように組電池の充電終止電圧を低く設定すれば、例えば外気に接しやすく低温雰囲気に晒される鉛蓄電池は充電不足となってサルフェーションが起こりやすくなる。一方、低温雰囲気に晒される鉛蓄電池が満充電されるように組電池の充電終止電圧を高く設定すれば、高温雰囲気に晒される鉛蓄電池は過充電されて格子の腐食などが起こりやすくなる。この傾向は、充電状態（ＳＯＣ）が低い（つまり放電が深い）状態から満充電するほど顕著になる。 The charging efficiency of lead-acid batteries is proportional to the environmental temperature. Therefore, for example, if the end-of-charge voltage of the assembled battery is set low so that the lead storage battery that is surrounded by another lead storage battery and exposed to a high temperature atmosphere is fully charged, for example, lead that is easily exposed to the outside air and exposed to a low temperature atmosphere The storage battery becomes insufficiently charged and sulfation is likely to occur. On the other hand, if the end-of-charge voltage of the assembled battery is set high so that the lead storage battery exposed to the low temperature atmosphere is fully charged, the lead storage battery exposed to the high temperature atmosphere is overcharged and the corrosion of the lattice is likely to occur. This tendency becomes more prominent as the battery is fully charged from a state where the state of charge (SOC) is low (that is, deep discharge).
　サルフェーションや格子の腐食自体は、個々の鉛蓄電池の寿命特性を低下させる要因であるが、このように劣化した鉛蓄電池と劣化していない鉛蓄電池との特性差があるにもかかわらず、一定の電圧で組電池の充電を制御しなければならない。したがって、組電池の内部で各鉛蓄電池の特性差はますます拡大して、組電池全体を加速度的に劣化させてしまう。組電池を所定の電圧で定電圧充電すれば、このような状態（つまり特性差の拡大）を緩和させることができる。しかし、定電圧充電では、充電を完了させるのに長大な時間を要することになる。 Although sulfation and grid corrosion itself are factors that reduce the life characteristics of individual lead-acid batteries, there is a certain level of difference between the characteristics of lead-acid batteries that have deteriorated and those that have not deteriorated. The charging of the battery pack must be controlled by the voltage. Therefore, the characteristic difference of each lead storage battery is further enlarged inside the assembled battery, and the entire assembled battery is deteriorated at an accelerated rate. If the assembled battery is charged at a constant voltage at a predetermined voltage, such a state (that is, an increase in characteristic difference) can be alleviated. However, in constant voltage charging, a long time is required to complete charging.
　上述した課題を抱えつつも、この組電池を電動車の駆動源として用いる場合、使用者が電動車を運転しない限られた時間（例えば喫食などの休憩時間、勤務中または帰宅中など）に迅速に充電を済ませる必要がある。そこで特許文献１のように、電流値を逐次小さくしながら充電するＮ段定電流充電（Ｎ≧２）を用いれば、個々の鉛蓄電池の抵抗成分の影響を受けやすい通常の定電流充電（Ｎ＝１）よりも充電電気量を揃えることができる上に、定電圧充電よりも遥かに短時間で充電を完了することができるようになる。複数の鉛蓄電池を並列に接続して組電池を構成し、並列接続された各鉛蓄電池を個別に充電すれば、個々の鉛蓄電池の特性を揃える（特許文献１ではサルフェーションを緩和する）ことで、組電池を長寿命化できると考えられる。 When this battery pack is used as a drive source for an electric vehicle while having the above-mentioned problems, the user can quickly go to a limited time when the electric vehicle is not driven (for example, a rest period such as eating, working, or going home). Needs to be charged. Therefore, as in Patent Document 1, by using N-stage constant current charging (N ≧ 2) in which charging is performed while sequentially decreasing the current value, normal constant current charging (N = 1), the amount of charge can be made uniform, and charging can be completed in a much shorter time than constant voltage charging. By connecting a plurality of lead storage batteries in parallel to form an assembled battery and individually charging each lead storage battery connected in parallel, the characteristics of the individual lead storage batteries are aligned (releasing sulfation in Patent Document 1). It is considered that the battery life can be extended.
国際公開第２０１０／０７９５６３号International Publication No. 2010/0795563
　しかしながら、特許文献１をベースにした電源システムは、複数の充電器を要するため高価にならざるを得ない。加えて、特許文献１は個々の鉛蓄電池が晒される環境温度の差を容認する形で充放電を繰り返す構成になっている。このため、鉛蓄電池ごとに寿命末期の劣化モードが異なることになる。その結果、組電池全体の寿命末期の状態が予測できない。この懸念を払拭するためには、冷却などにより個々の鉛蓄電池の温度差を低減する必要がある。しかし、特性差がなくなるレベルまで温度差を低減するために、電源システムの体積効率を犠牲にしつつ冷却装置を備えさせることになり、現実的ではない。このような状況で、Ｎ段定電流充電（Ｎ≧２）を導入しても、長寿命化は望めないと考えられる。 However, the power supply system based on Patent Document 1 must be expensive because it requires a plurality of chargers. In addition, Patent Document 1 has a configuration in which charging and discharging are repeated in such a way as to accept the difference in environmental temperature to which each lead storage battery is exposed. For this reason, the deterioration mode at the end of life is different for each lead-acid battery. As a result, the end-of-life state of the entire assembled battery cannot be predicted. In order to eliminate this concern, it is necessary to reduce the temperature difference between individual lead-acid batteries by cooling or the like. However, in order to reduce the temperature difference to a level at which there is no characteristic difference, a cooling device is provided while sacrificing the volume efficiency of the power supply system, which is not realistic. In such a situation, even if N-stage constant current charging (N ≧ 2) is introduced, it is considered that a long life cannot be expected.
　本発明は、これらの課題を解決するものであって、複数個の鉛蓄電池からなる組電池を長寿命化できる電源システムおよび組電池の充電方法を提供するものである。 The present invention solves these problems, and provides a power supply system and an assembled battery charging method capable of extending the life of an assembled battery comprising a plurality of lead storage batteries.
　本発明の一局面に係る電源システムは、筐体に収納され、複数個の鉛蓄電池からなる組電池と、前記組電池を充電する充電部と、を備え、前記鉛蓄電池の公称容量をＰ［Ａｈ］とし、前記鉛蓄電池の公称電圧をＶ［Ｖ］とし、前記筐体の内部における隣接する前記鉛蓄電池間の間隔をＤ１［ｍｍ］としたとき、０．００７≦Ｄ１／（Ｐ×Ｖ）≦０．３４７が満たされるように、前記複数個の鉛蓄電池が前記筐体の内部に収納され、前記充電部は、所定の充電電流値により１段目の定電流充電を開始し、前記鉛蓄電池の端子電圧が所定の充電終止電圧に達すると、前記充電電流値を低減して次段の定電流充電に進む充電をＮ（Ｎは２以上の整数）段繰り返すＮ段定電流充電を行い、前記Ｎ段定電流充電が終了すると、前記Ｎ段定電流充電におけるＮ段目の充電電流値より低い電流値又は実質的に同一の電流値で、所定の充電時間の押込み充電を行う。 A power supply system according to one aspect of the present invention includes an assembled battery that is housed in a housing and includes a plurality of lead storage batteries, and a charging unit that charges the assembled battery, and the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery is P [ Ah], the nominal voltage of the lead storage battery is V [V], and the interval between the adjacent lead storage batteries in the housing is D1 [mm], 0.007 ≦ D1 / (P × V ) ≦ 0.347 is satisfied, the plurality of lead storage batteries are housed in the housing, and the charging unit starts first-stage constant current charging with a predetermined charging current value, When the terminal voltage of the lead-acid battery reaches a predetermined end-of-charge voltage, N-stage constant current charging is performed in which the charging current value is reduced and charging that proceeds to the next-stage constant current charging is repeated N (N is an integer of 2 or more). When the N-stage constant current charging is completed, the N-stage constant current charging is performed. That the N-th stage of lower than the charging current value current value or substantially the same current value, perform indentation charge of a given charging time.
　本発明の一局面に係る組電池の充電方法は、一つの筐体に収納された複数個の鉛蓄電池からなる組電池の充電方法であって、所定の充電電流値により１段目の定電流充電を開始し、前記鉛蓄電池の端子電圧が所定の充電終止電圧に達すると、前記充電電流値を低減して次段の定電流充電に進む充電をＮ（Ｎは２以上の整数）段繰り返すＮ段定電流充電を行う第１工程と、前記第１工程が終了すると、前記Ｎ段定電流充電におけるＮ段目の充電電流値より低い電流値又は実質的に同一の電流値で、所定の充電時間の押込み充電を行う第２工程と、を含み、前記鉛蓄電池の公称容量をＰ［Ａｈ］とし、前記鉛蓄電池の公称電圧をＶ［Ｖ］とし、前記筐体の内部における前記鉛蓄電池間の間隔をＤ１［ｍｍ］としたとき、０．００７≦Ｄ１／（Ｐ×Ｖ）≦０．３４７が満たされるように、前記複数個の鉛蓄電池が前記筐体の内部に収納されている。 An assembled battery charging method according to one aspect of the present invention is an assembled battery charging method including a plurality of lead storage batteries housed in a single housing, and a first stage constant current according to a predetermined charging current value. When charging is started and the terminal voltage of the lead storage battery reaches a predetermined end-of-charge voltage, the charging current value is reduced and charging that proceeds to the next constant current charging is repeated N (N is an integer of 2 or more). When the first step of performing N-stage constant current charging and the first step are completed, a predetermined current value is lower than or substantially the same as the N-stage charging current value in the N-stage constant current charging. A second step of performing in-charge charging for a charging time, wherein the lead-acid battery has a nominal capacity P [Ah], a lead-acid battery nominal voltage V [V], and the lead-acid battery inside the housing When the interval between them is D1 [mm], 0.007 ≦ D1 / (P As V) ≦ 0.347 is satisfied, the plurality of lead-acid battery is housed inside the housing.
　本発明によれば、複数個の鉛蓄電池からなる組電池の長寿命化を実現できるため、電動車の駆動源等に適合した電源システム及び組電池の充電方法を提供できるようになる。 According to the present invention, since the life of the assembled battery composed of a plurality of lead storage batteries can be realized, it is possible to provide a power supply system suitable for the drive source of the electric vehicle and a charging method for the assembled battery.
本発明の一実施形態の電源システムにおける組電池の一例を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows an example of the assembled battery in the power supply system of one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施形態の電源システムにおける組電池の収納状態の一例を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows an example of the accommodation state of the assembled battery in the power supply system of one Embodiment of this invention. 図１に示される鉛蓄電池の構成を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the lead acid battery shown by FIG. 本発明の一実施形態の電源システムを示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the power supply system of one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施形態の組電池の充電方法を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the charging method of the assembled battery of one Embodiment of this invention. 電動車に設けられた筐体を模式的に示す図である。It is a figure which shows typically the housing | casing provided in the electric vehicle. 充電に要した時間と、放電容量が初期値の７０％まで低下したサイクル数とを表形式で示す図である。It is a figure which shows the time required for charge, and the cycle number in which discharge capacity fell to 70% of the initial value in a tabular form. 図７の比較例１～４及び実施例１～６における比Ｄ１／Ｑと寿命到達までのサイクル数との関係を表すグラフである。8 is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio D1 / Q and the number of cycles until the end of the life in Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and Examples 1 to 6 in FIG. 図７の比較例５～８及び実施例９～１４における比Ｄ１／Ｑと寿命到達までのサイクル数との関係を表すグラフである。8 is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio D1 / Q and the number of cycles until the end of the life in Comparative Examples 5 to 8 and Examples 9 to 14 in FIG.
　（発明者の知見）
　最初に、発明者らの知見が説明される。発明者らが鋭意検討した結果、複数個の鉛蓄電池からなる組電池を長寿命化させるためには、温度の高低にかかわらず複数個の鉛蓄電池の環境温度を均一化することが効果的であることを知見した。そこで、体積効率を犠牲にしながら冷却装置を備え、個々の鉛蓄電池を理想的な環境温度（例えば２５℃）まで冷却するのではなく、組電池を同一の筐体に収納して体積効率を高めつつ、個々の鉛蓄電池の環境温度を効率的に略均一にする方法を検討した。 (Inventor's knowledge)
First, the inventors' knowledge is explained. As a result of intensive studies by the inventors, in order to extend the life of an assembled battery comprising a plurality of lead storage batteries, it is effective to equalize the environmental temperature of the plurality of lead storage batteries regardless of the temperature. I found out that there was. Therefore, it is equipped with a cooling device while sacrificing volumetric efficiency, and instead of cooling individual lead-acid batteries to an ideal environmental temperature (for example, 25 ° C.), the assembled batteries are housed in the same housing to increase volumetric efficiency. However, a method for efficiently and substantially uniforming the environmental temperature of each lead-acid battery was studied.
　その結果、熱が篭りやすい鉛蓄電池どうしの隙間の寸法を最適化して、温度差によって発生する空気の対流が比較的高速で生じるようにすれば、Ｎ段定電流充電（Ｎ≧２）が終了するまでの間に個々の鉛蓄電池の環境温度が略均一化されて、個々の鉛蓄電池のＳＯＣがほぼ均一になることが分かった。そうすれば、Ｎ段定電流充電後に実行される押込み充電（後述）によって個々の鉛蓄電池の状態が高水準で均一化される。つまり、全ての鉛蓄電池において、格子の腐食がなく、かつサルフェーションが解消される。その結果、組電池自体が顕著に長寿命化することになる。 As a result, N-stage constant-current charging (N ≧ 2) is completed by optimizing the size of the gap between lead-acid batteries that are prone to heat generation so that air convection due to temperature differences occurs at a relatively high speed. In the meantime, it has been found that the environmental temperature of each lead acid battery is made substantially uniform, and the SOC of each lead acid battery becomes almost uniform. If it does so, the state of each lead acid battery will be equalize | homogenized at a high level by the pushing charge (after-mentioned) performed after N stage constant current charge. That is, in all lead-acid batteries, there is no corrosion of the lattice and sulfation is eliminated. As a result, the assembled battery itself has a significantly long service life.
　また、発明者らは、温度差によって生じる空気の対流を比較的高速で発生させるための鉛蓄電池どうしの間隔Ｄ１［ｍｍ］の最適範囲は、鉛蓄電池の公称容量Ｐ［Ａｈ］と公称電圧Ｖ［Ｖ］との積に依存することを解明した。公称容量Ｐ［Ａｈ］と公称電圧Ｖ［Ｖ］との積と、鉛蓄電池の発熱量との間に相関関係があることから、このような依存が生じていると考えられる。したがって、本発明における鉛蓄電池どうしの間隔Ｄ１の好適範囲を示すパラメータは、Ｄ１を（Ｐ×Ｖ）で除した比Ｄ１／（Ｐ×Ｖ）として定義される。具体的には、０．００７≦Ｄ１／（Ｐ×Ｖ）≦０．３４７を満たすときに、本実施形態の効果が現れる。 Further, the inventors have determined that the optimum range of the distance D1 [mm] between the lead storage batteries for generating air convection caused by a temperature difference at a relatively high speed is the nominal capacity P [Ah] and the nominal voltage V of the lead storage batteries. It was clarified that it depends on the product of [V]. Since there is a correlation between the product of the nominal capacity P [Ah] and the nominal voltage V [V] and the amount of heat generated by the lead storage battery, it is considered that such dependence occurs. Therefore, the parameter indicating the preferred range of the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries in the present invention is defined as a ratio D1 / (P × V) obtained by dividing D1 by (P × V). Specifically, the effect of this embodiment appears when 0.007 ≦ D1 / (P × V) ≦ 0.347 is satisfied.
　本実施形態は、Ｎ段定電流充電の後に押込み充電を行う充電仕様の場合に、顕著な効果を発揮する。ここでいう押込み充電とは、充電終止電圧を設けないで充電し、予め設定された充電時間に達したら充電を終了させる充電のことである。この押込み充電により格子を腐食させない程度に過充電することによって、サルフェーションを解消することができる。 This embodiment exhibits a remarkable effect in the case of a charging specification in which indentation charging is performed after N-stage constant current charging. Push-in charging here refers to charging in which charging is performed without providing an end-of-charge voltage and charging is terminated when a preset charging time is reached. Sulfation can be eliminated by overcharging to such an extent that the indentation does not corrode the grid.
　なお、本明細書における「筐体」とは、組電池を囲うものであれば良い。具体的には、筐体は、例えば組電池専用に構成されたものであっても良い。また、代替的に、筐体は、例えば電動車の車体またはシャシの一部など、組電池が搭載される機器側の構成物であっても良い。 In addition, the “casing” in this specification may be anything that surrounds the assembled battery. Specifically, the housing may be configured exclusively for an assembled battery, for example. Alternatively, the housing may be a device-side component on which the assembled battery is mounted, such as a body of an electric vehicle or a part of a chassis.
　（実施の形態）
　以下に、図を用いて本発明を実施するための形態について説明する。 (Embodiment)
Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
　図１は本発明の一実施形態の電源システムにおける組電池の一例を示す斜視図である。図２は本発明の一実施形態の電源システムにおける組電池の収納状態の一例を示す斜視図である。図３は図１に示される鉛蓄電池の構成を示す斜視図である。図３では一部が切り欠かれて鉛蓄電池の内部構成が示されている。 FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of an assembled battery in a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of a state in which the assembled battery is stored in the power supply system according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the lead storage battery shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, a part of the lead storage battery is shown with a part cut away.
　鉛蓄電池１は、次のように作製される。すなわち、セパレータ１ａを介して板状の正極１ｂと負極１ｃとを対向させて極板群１ｄが形成される。この極板群１ｄは、隔壁１ｅによって複数（この実施形態では例えば６個）のセル室１ｆに区切られた電槽１ｇの各々のセル室１ｆに収納される。各セル室１ｆの極板群１ｄは直列に接続される。セル室１ｆが密閉され、電解液が注入された後に化成されることにより正極１ｂと負極１ｃとが形成されて、鉛蓄電池１が作製される。 The lead storage battery 1 is manufactured as follows. That is, the plate group 1d is formed by making the plate-like positive electrode 1b and the negative electrode 1c face each other with the separator 1a interposed therebetween. The electrode plate group 1d is accommodated in each cell chamber 1f of the battery case 1g divided into a plurality (for example, six in this embodiment) of cell chambers 1f by the partition walls 1e. The electrode plate group 1d of each cell chamber 1f is connected in series. The cell chamber 1f is sealed and formed after the electrolytic solution is injected, whereby the positive electrode 1b and the negative electrode 1c are formed, and the lead storage battery 1 is manufactured.
　そして、複数個の鉛蓄電池１を接続部品４で直列に接続し、一端（図１では左端）の鉛蓄電池１の正極端子２ａに正極引き出し線２ｂを接続し、他端（図１では右端）の鉛蓄電池１の負極端子３ａに負極引き出し線３ｂを接続することで、組電池１０が構成される。この組電池１０は、筐体５に収納される。具体的には、組電池１０を容器５ｂに収納して上蓋５ａを閉めつつ、正極引き出し線２ｂと負極引き出し線３ｂとが引き出される。そして、各鉛蓄電池１は、固定具５ｃによって筐体５に固定される。ここで、本実施形態では、鉛蓄電池１の公称容量をＰ［Ａｈ］とし、鉛蓄電池１の公称電圧をＶ［Ｖ］とし、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔をＤ１［ｍｍ］としたときの比Ｄ１／（Ｐ×Ｖ）が０．００７以上、かつ０．３４７以下となっている。 Then, a plurality of lead storage batteries 1 are connected in series with a connecting component 4, a positive lead wire 2b is connected to the positive terminal 2a of the lead storage battery 1 at one end (left end in FIG. 1), and the other end (right end in FIG. 1). The assembled battery 10 is configured by connecting the negative electrode lead wire 3 b to the negative electrode terminal 3 a of the lead storage battery 1. The assembled battery 10 is housed in the housing 5. Specifically, the positive electrode lead wire 2b and the negative electrode lead wire 3b are drawn out while the assembled battery 10 is housed in the container 5b and the upper lid 5a is closed. And each lead acid battery 1 is fixed to the housing | casing 5 with the fixing tool 5c. Here, in this embodiment, the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery 1 is P [Ah], the nominal voltage of the lead storage battery 1 is V [V], and the interval between the lead storage batteries 1 in the housing 5 is D1 [mm]. ], The ratio D1 / (P × V) is 0.007 or more and 0.347 or less.
　図４は本発明の一実施形態の電源システムを示すブロック図である。電源システム２０は、上述した組電池１０と、組電池１０を充電する充電部１１とからなる。充電部１１は、電圧検出部１２と制御部１３とを備える。電圧検出部１２は、組電池１０の端子電圧を検出する。制御部１３は、例えば中央処理装置（ＣＰＵ）、リードオンリーメモリ（ＲＯＭ）、ランダムアクセスメモリ（ＲＡＭ）を備える。制御部１３は、充電部１１による組電池１０の充電を制御する。制御部１３は、組電池１０をＮ段定電流充電（Ｎ≧２）によって充電した後、押込み充電によって充電する。ここで、Ｎ段定電流充電とは、電流値を逐次小さくしながら、略同一の充電終止電圧までＮ回行う充電である。押込み充電とは、充電終止電圧を設けないで、予め設定された充電時間に達したら終了させる充電である。 FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The power supply system 20 includes the above-described assembled battery 10 and a charging unit 11 that charges the assembled battery 10. The charging unit 11 includes a voltage detection unit 12 and a control unit 13. The voltage detection unit 12 detects the terminal voltage of the assembled battery 10. The control unit 13 includes, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a read only memory (ROM), and a random access memory (RAM). The control unit 13 controls charging of the assembled battery 10 by the charging unit 11. The control unit 13 charges the assembled battery 10 by N-stage constant current charging (N ≧ 2), and then charges by indentation charging. Here, the N-stage constant current charging is charging performed N times to substantially the same charge end voltage while sequentially reducing the current value. Push-in charging is charging that is terminated when a preset charging time is reached without providing a charge end voltage.
　なお、図４では、組電池１０と充電部１１とが一体化した電源システム２０の形態が示されている。負荷３０は、電源システム２０の端子２０ａ，２０ｂに接続されている。電源システム２０の形態は、図４に示される形態に限られない。例えば、充電部１１あるいは負荷３０のいずれかを選択して、組電池１０に接続する（例えば図２に示す正極引き出し線２ｂと負極引き出し線３ｂとに接続する）形態であってもよい。また、充電部１１は、例えば電源を内蔵していてもよい。代替的に、充電部１１は、例えば外部の商用電源から充電のための電源を生成するようにしてもよい。 In addition, in FIG. 4, the form of the power supply system 20 with which the assembled battery 10 and the charging part 11 were integrated is shown. The load 30 is connected to the terminals 20 a and 20 b of the power supply system 20. The form of the power supply system 20 is not limited to the form shown in FIG. For example, the charging unit 11 or the load 30 may be selected and connected to the assembled battery 10 (for example, connected to the positive lead line 2b and the negative lead line 3b shown in FIG. 2). Moreover, the charging part 11 may incorporate the power supply, for example. Alternatively, the charging unit 11 may generate a power source for charging from an external commercial power source, for example.
　図５は組電池の充電方法を示す模式図である。図５において、太実線は本実施形態で用いる「Ｎ段定電流充電＋押込み充電」を示し、太点線は本実施形態で用いない比較例としての「定電流定電圧充電」を示す。なお、図５ではＮ段定電流充電においてＮ＝４としているが、本実施形態に用いる場合、Ｎ≧２であればよい。後述する実施例では、Ｎ＝３に設定して十分な効果が得られている。 FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a method for charging an assembled battery. In FIG. 5, the thick solid line indicates “N-stage constant current charge + indentation charge” used in the present embodiment, and the thick dotted line indicates “constant current constant voltage charge” as a comparative example not used in the present embodiment. In FIG. 5, N = 4 in N-stage constant current charging. However, when used in the present embodiment, it is sufficient that N ≧ 2. In the examples described later, a sufficient effect is obtained by setting N = 3.
　所定電流値での定電流充電において充電終止電圧に達した後に定電圧充電に移行し、徐々に電流値が減衰する定電流定電圧充電は、ＳＯＣが高い領域において分極が小さくなるため、電解液（水分）の加水分解や極板材料（例えば格子）の腐食が起き難い、優良な充電方法である。しかしながら、図５に模式的に示すように、総じて定電流定電圧充電によって組電池１０を満充電にするには長時間を要する。 In constant current charging at a predetermined current value, after reaching the end-of-charge voltage, it shifts to constant voltage charging, and the constant current constant voltage charging, in which the current value gradually decays, is less polarized in the high SOC region. This is an excellent charging method in which hydrolysis of (moisture) and corrosion of the electrode plate material (for example, lattice) hardly occur. However, as schematically shown in FIG. 5, it takes a long time to fully charge the assembled battery 10 by constant current and constant voltage charging.
　ここで、比較例としての「定電流定電圧充電」が説明される。図５において、最初の定電流充電では、電圧検出部１２により組電池１０の端子電圧を検出しつつ、充電電流値Ｉ１で定電流充電が行われ、端子電圧が充電終止電圧Ｖｅに達すると、定電流充電から定電圧充電に移行し、組電池１０の端子電圧を充電終止電圧Ｖｅに維持するように定電圧充電が行われ、充電電流値は徐々に低下する。 Here, “constant current constant voltage charging” as a comparative example will be described. In FIG. 5, in the first constant current charging, constant voltage charging is performed at the charging current value I1 while the terminal voltage of the assembled battery 10 is detected by the voltage detector 12, and when the terminal voltage reaches the charging end voltage Ve, From constant current charging to constant voltage charging, constant voltage charging is performed so as to maintain the terminal voltage of the assembled battery 10 at the end-of-charge voltage Ve, and the charging current value gradually decreases.
　次に、本実施形態で用いられる「Ｎ段定電流充電＋押込み充電」が説明される。図５において、Ｎ段定電流充電の１段目の定電流充電Ｃ１では、電圧検出部１２により組電池１０の端子電圧を検出しつつ、充電電流値Ｉ１で定電流充電が行われ、組電池１０の端子電圧が充電終止電圧Ｖｅに達すると、１段目の定電流充電Ｃ１が終了し、充電電流値を切り替えるために充電が一旦停止される。続く２，３段目の定電流充電Ｃ２，Ｃ３では、１段目と同様に電圧検出部１２により組電池１０の端子電圧を検出しつつ、それぞれ、充電電流値Ｉ２，Ｉ３（Ｉ１＞Ｉ２＞Ｉ３）で定電流充電が行われ、組電池１０の端子電圧が充電終止電圧Ｖｅに達すると、各定電流充電Ｃ２，Ｃ３が終了し、充電電流値を切り替えるために充電が一旦停止される。 Next, “N-stage constant current charging + indentation charging” used in the present embodiment will be described. In FIG. 5, in the first stage constant current charge C1 of the N stage constant current charge, the terminal voltage of the assembled battery 10 is detected by the voltage detection unit 12, and the constant current charge is performed at the charging current value I1. When the terminal voltage of 10 reaches the end-of-charge voltage Ve, the first-stage constant current charging C1 ends, and charging is temporarily stopped to switch the charging current value. In the subsequent second and third stage constant current charging C2 and C3, the terminal voltage of the assembled battery 10 is detected by the voltage detection unit 12 in the same manner as in the first stage, and charging current values I2 and I3 (I1> I2>, respectively). When the constant current charging is performed in I3) and the terminal voltage of the assembled battery 10 reaches the charging end voltage Ve, the constant current charging C2 and C3 are terminated, and the charging is temporarily stopped to switch the charging current value.
　続く４段目の定電流充電Ｃ４では、１～３段目と同様に電圧検出部１２により組電池１０の端子電圧を検出しつつ、充電電流値Ｉ４（Ｉ３＞Ｉ４）で定電流充電が行われ、組電池１０の端子電圧が充電終止電圧Ｖｅに達すると、Ｎ段定電流充電が終了し、押込み充電ＦＣに移行する。押込み充電ＦＣは、この実施形態では、Ｎ段定電流充電のＮ段目（この実施形態では４段目）の充電電流値Ｉ４と同じ電流値で、所定の充電時間Ｔ５に達するまで行われる。押込み充電ＦＣの充電時間Ｔ５は、例えば、１段目の定電流充電Ｃ１における充電電気量に基づき決定される。１段目の定電流充電Ｃ１における充電電気量は、充電電流値Ｉ１と充電時間Ｔ１とに基づき、求めることができる。 In the subsequent constant current charge C4 in the fourth stage, the constant current charge is performed at the charge current value I4 (I3> I4) while the terminal voltage of the assembled battery 10 is detected by the voltage detector 12 as in the first to third stages. When the terminal voltage of the assembled battery 10 reaches the end-of-charge voltage Ve, the N-stage constant current charging is completed and the process proceeds to the push-in charging FC. In this embodiment, the push-in charging FC is performed at the same current value as the charging current value I4 of the N-th stage (fourth stage in this embodiment) of the N-stage constant current charging until a predetermined charging time T5 is reached. The charging time T5 of the push-in charging FC is determined based on, for example, the amount of charged electricity in the first stage constant current charging C1. The amount of charge in the first stage constant current charge C1 can be obtained based on the charge current value I1 and the charge time T1.
　このように、Ｎ段定電流充電は、定電流でありながら電流値を逐次小さくする充電方法である。Ｎ段定電流充電は、定電流定電圧充電と同じくＳＯＣが高い領域で分極を小さくしつつ、定電流定電圧充電より短時間で充電を終わらせることができる。加えて、Ｎ段定電流充電は、連続して充電する定電流定電圧充電よりも効率的である。その理由は、充電電流値を切り替えるために充電が一旦停止される時に、極板の表面に集まって高濃度になっている硫酸イオンが瞬時に分散して硫酸イオンの濃度が均一化できるからだと考えられる。このように、短時間のＮ段定電流充電を行った後、格子を腐食させない程度に過充電してサルフェーションを解消するために押込み充電を行っても、充電に要する総時間は定電流定電圧充電よりも短くて済む。 As described above, the N-stage constant current charging is a charging method in which the current value is successively reduced while being a constant current. The N-stage constant current charging can finish the charging in a shorter time than the constant current constant voltage charging while reducing the polarization in a region where the SOC is high as in the constant current constant voltage charging. In addition, the N-stage constant current charging is more efficient than the constant current constant voltage charging that continuously charges. The reason for this is that when charging is temporarily stopped to switch the charging current value, sulfate ions gathered on the surface of the electrode plate and dispersed at a high concentration can be instantly dispersed to make the concentration of sulfate ions uniform. Conceivable. In this way, after performing a short N-stage constant current charge, even if intrusion charge is performed to eliminate sulfation by overcharging to the extent that the grid is not corroded, the total time required for charging is constant current and constant voltage. Shorter than charging.
　例として図５（Ｎ段定電流充電のＮ＝４）の場合、１段目から４段目の定電流充電Ｃ１～Ｃ４に要する時間（Ｔ１＋Ｔ２＋Ｔ３＋Ｔ４）と押込み充電に要する時間（Ｔ５）の総和（Ｔ１＋Ｔ２＋Ｔ３＋Ｔ４＋Ｔ５）は、定電流定電圧充電に要する時間（Ｔ１＋Ｔ２＋Ｔ３＋Ｔ４＋Ｔ５＋Ｔ６）より時間（Ｔ６）の分だけ短い。すなわち本実施形態で用いる「Ｎ段定電流充電＋押込み充電」は、定電流定電圧充電よりも短時間で済む上に、組電池１０の寿命特性をも改善できると考えられる。 As an example, in the case of FIG. 5 (N = 4 for N-stage constant current charging), the sum (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4) of time required for constant current charging C1 to C4 from the first stage to the fourth stage (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4) T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + T5) is shorter by the time (T6) than the time (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + T5 + T6) required for constant current and constant voltage charging. That is, “N-stage constant current charge + indentation charge” used in the present embodiment is considered to take less time than constant current and constant voltage charge, and to improve the life characteristics of the assembled battery 10.
　ところが、組電池１０に対して無作為に「Ｎ段定電流充電＋押込み充電」を行うだけでは、組電池１０の寿命特性は改善されないことが分かった。発明者らが解析した結果、組電池１０を構成する個々の鉛蓄電池１の環境温度が均一化されない状態でＮ段定電流充電を終えた場合には、個々の鉛蓄電池１のＳＯＣが均一化されていないことが判明した。 However, it has been found that simply performing “N-stage constant current charging + indentation charging” on the assembled battery 10 does not improve the life characteristics of the assembled battery 10. As a result of the analysis by the inventors, when the N-stage constant current charging is finished in a state where the environmental temperature of each lead storage battery 1 constituting the assembled battery 10 is not uniformized, the SOC of each lead storage battery 1 is uniformized. Turned out not to be.
　このため、その後の押込み充電において、高温環境下ゆえに高いＳＯＣでＮ段定電流充電を終えた鉛蓄電池１では、過充電による格子の腐食が発生することが多くなる。一方、低温環境下ゆえに低いＳＯＣでＮ段定電流充電を終えた鉛蓄電池１では、サルフェーションが十分に解消されなくなることが多くなる。このような組電池１０は、個々の鉛蓄電池１の状態がばらついているために短寿命となる。 For this reason, in the subsequent indentation charging, the lead storage battery 1 that has finished the N-stage constant current charging with a high SOC because of the high temperature environment often causes grid corrosion due to overcharging. On the other hand, in the lead-acid battery 1 that has completed N-stage constant current charging with a low SOC because of the low temperature environment, sulfation is often not sufficiently eliminated. Such an assembled battery 10 has a short life because the states of the individual lead storage batteries 1 vary.
　そこで、発明者らは、複数個の鉛蓄電池１からなる組電池１０を筐体５に収納して、冷却装置を筐体５に収納せずに体積効率を向上させた形態において、筐体５の内部の温度を均一化する方法を模索した。その結果、熱が篭りやすい鉛蓄電池１どうしの隙間の寸法を最適化して、温度差によって発生する空気の対流を比較的高速で起こさせるようにすれば、Ｎ段定電流充電（Ｎ≧２）が終了するまでの間に個々の鉛蓄電池１の環境温度が略均一化されて、個々の鉛蓄電池１のＳＯＣがほぼ均一化されることをつきとめた。併せて、この状態で組電池１０を押込み充電した場合、全ての鉛蓄電池１において、格子の腐食がなく、サルフェーションが解消されるようになるので、組電池１０自体が顕著に長寿命化することが分かった。 In view of this, the inventors have housed the assembled battery 10 composed of a plurality of lead storage batteries 1 in the housing 5, and in a form in which volume efficiency is improved without housing the cooling device in the housing 5. We searched for a method to equalize the temperature inside. As a result, N-stage constant current charging (N ≧ 2) can be achieved by optimizing the size of the gap between the lead storage batteries 1 that are likely to generate heat and causing air convection caused by a temperature difference at a relatively high speed. It was found that the environmental temperatures of the individual lead storage batteries 1 were made substantially uniform until the end of the process, and the SOC of the individual lead storage batteries 1 was made almost uniform. At the same time, when the assembled battery 10 is pushed in and charged in this state, in all the lead storage batteries 1, the corrosion of the lattice is eliminated and the sulfation is eliminated. I understood.
　ここで、鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１の最適範囲は、経験則的に鉛蓄電池１の公称容量Ｐと公称電圧Ｖとの積（Ｐ×Ｖ）に依存する。これは、鉛蓄電池１の発熱量に依存するからだと考えられる。したがって、本実施形態における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１の好適範囲を示すパラメータは、Ｄ１を（Ｐ×Ｖ）で除した比Ｄ１／（Ｐ×Ｖ）として定義される。具体的には、Ｄ１／（Ｐ×Ｖ）が０．００７以上であり、かつ、０．３４７以下のときに、良好な結果が得られて、本実施形態の効果が現れる。 Here, the optimum range of the interval D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 depends on the product (P × V) of the nominal capacity P and the nominal voltage V of the lead storage battery 1 as a rule of thumb. This is considered to be because it depends on the calorific value of the lead storage battery 1. Therefore, the parameter indicating the preferred range of the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 in this embodiment is defined as a ratio D1 / (P × V) obtained by dividing D1 by (P × V). Specifically, when D1 / (P × V) is 0.007 or more and 0.347 or less, good results are obtained and the effects of the present embodiment appear.
　Ｄ１／（Ｐ×Ｖ）が０．００７未満となる場合は鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔が狭すぎるために、Ｄ１／（Ｐ×Ｖ）が０．３４７を超える場合は鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔が広すぎるために、ともに空気の対流が発生し難くなる。このために筐体５の内部の温度を均一化するのに長時間を要するようになる。したがって、個々の鉛蓄電池１の環境温度が均一化されない状態でＮ段定電流充電を終えることになり、さらに、その後の押込み充電において個々の鉛蓄電池１の状態がばらつく。その結果、組電池１０の寿命特性は改善されなくなる。 When D1 / (P × V) is less than 0.007, the interval between the lead storage batteries 1 is too narrow. When D1 / (P × V) exceeds 0.347, the interval between the lead storage batteries 1 is Since it is too wide, it is difficult for air convection to occur. For this reason, it takes a long time to make the temperature inside the housing 5 uniform. Therefore, the N-stage constant current charging is finished in a state where the environmental temperature of each lead storage battery 1 is not uniformed, and further, the state of each lead storage battery 1 varies in subsequent push-in charging. As a result, the life characteristics of the assembled battery 10 are not improved.
　このように、鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔に好適範囲があることは、充電終了までに長時間を要する定電流定電圧充電をベースとして充電を行う場合や、電源システムの体積効率を無視する形で、冷却装置によって組電池の個々の鉛蓄電池の環境温度を均一化する場合には、想到できないことである。 As described above, there is a preferable range for the interval between the lead storage batteries 1 in the case of charging based on constant current and constant voltage charging that requires a long time until the end of charging, or in the form of ignoring the volume efficiency of the power supply system. In the case where the environmental temperature of each lead storage battery of the assembled battery is made uniform by the cooling device, it cannot be conceived.
　なお、本実施形態において、好適範囲が存在するのは鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１のみであって、鉛蓄電池１の側面と筐体５の側面との間隔Ｄ２（図１、図２）及び鉛蓄電池１の上面と筐体５の上蓋５ａとの間隔Ｄ３（図２）は、本実施形態による効果に影響を及ぼさない。これは、空気の対流の発生源となる熱が篭る鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１のみが空気の対流発生の支配要因となるからだと考えられる。また、筐体５には空気の対流を妨げない程度に隙間や穴を設けても構わない。一例として、鉛蓄電池１の内部圧力が上昇した際に排出されるガスを外部に排出するための排出穴などが設けられていても構わない。加えて鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔が一定でない場合、間隔の平均値を求めてＤ１とするのが好ましい。 In the present embodiment, the preferred range exists only in the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries 1, and the distance D2 between the side surface of the lead storage battery 1 and the side surface of the housing 5 (FIGS. 1 and 2) and lead The distance D3 (FIG. 2) between the upper surface of the storage battery 1 and the upper lid 5a of the housing 5 does not affect the effect of this embodiment. This is considered to be because only the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 where the heat that is the source of air convection is generated becomes the dominant factor in the generation of air convection. Moreover, you may provide a clearance gap and a hole in the housing | casing 5 to such an extent that air convection is not prevented. As an example, a discharge hole or the like may be provided for discharging the gas discharged when the internal pressure of the lead storage battery 1 increases. In addition, when the interval between the lead storage batteries 1 is not constant, it is preferable to obtain an average value of the interval and set it to D1.
　ここで、本実施形態における筐体５とは、組電池１０を囲うものであれば良い。具体的には、筐体５は、例えば組電池１０専用に構成されたものであっても良い。また、代替的に、筐体は、例えば電動車の車体またはシャシの一部など、組電池１０が搭載される機器側の構成物であっても良い。 Here, the casing 5 in the present embodiment may be anything that surrounds the assembled battery 10. Specifically, the housing 5 may be configured exclusively for the assembled battery 10, for example. Alternatively, the housing may be a device-side component on which the assembled battery 10 is mounted, such as a body of an electric vehicle or a part of a chassis.
　図６は、電動車に設けられた筐体を模式的に示す図である。図６に示される形態では、電動車６の車体に設けられた筐体５ｄに、３個の鉛蓄電池１からなる組電池１０が収納されている。 FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a housing provided in the electric vehicle. In the form shown in FIG. 6, an assembled battery 10 including three lead storage batteries 1 is housed in a housing 5 d provided on the vehicle body of the electric vehicle 6.
　但し、筐体５，５ｄとして区切られた空間の内部には、鉛蓄電池１どうしの隙間で起こる空気の対流に本質的な影響を及ぼす構成物（例えば冷媒や発熱源）があってはならない。すなわち、本実施形態における筐体５，５ｄとは、「鉛蓄電池１の隙間で起こる空気の対流によって組電池１０の個々の鉛蓄電池１の環境温度が略均一化できる筐体５，５ｄ」を指す。 However, in the space partitioned as the casings 5 and 5d, there should be no components (for example, a refrigerant or a heat source) that substantially affect the air convection that occurs in the gap between the lead storage batteries 1. That is, the casings 5 and 5d in the present embodiment are “the casings 5 and 5d that can substantially uniformize the environmental temperature of the individual lead storage batteries 1 of the assembled battery 10 by air convection that occurs in the gaps between the lead storage batteries 1”. Point to.
　さらに、図５のように、押込み充電ＦＣの電流値をＮ段定電流充電の最終段（４段目）の定電流充電Ｃ４の電流値と同一（あるいは実質的に同一）にすれば、電流値の切り替え数が増えないために制御部１３のプログラミングが簡略化できるので、好ましい。 Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 5, if the current value of the indentation charge FC is the same (or substantially the same) as the current value of the constant current charge C4 in the final stage (fourth stage) of the N-stage constant current charge, the current This is preferable because the programming of the control unit 13 can be simplified because the number of value switching does not increase.
　さらに、押込み充電ＦＣにおいて、鉛蓄電池１の公称容量Ｐ［Ａｈ］に対して２％以上であって、かつ１０％以下の電気量を充電するのが好ましい。前述したように、押込み充電とは、充電終止電圧を設けないで行う充電のことである。押込み充電前の通常充電（本実施形態では例えばＮ段定電流充電）では、充電電気量が鉛蓄電池１の公称容量Ｐ［Ａｈ］に対して１００％以上であって、かつ１０８％以下となるように充電する。押込み充電ＦＣで過度の過充電が起こらないようにするためには、総充電電気量を鉛蓄電池１の公称容量Ｐ［Ａｈ］の１１０％近傍とするのが好ましい。そこで、Ｎ段定電流充電における１段目の定電流充電Ｃ１の充電電気量などを基に、押込み充電ＦＣにおける充電電気量を鉛蓄電池１の公称容量Ｐ［Ａｈ］に対して２％以上であって、かつ１０％以下の範囲で設定するのが好ましい。その結果、押込み充電ＦＣにおいて、過度の過充電が起こるのを避けることができる。 Furthermore, in the indentation charging FC, it is preferable to charge an electric quantity of 2% or more and 10% or less with respect to the nominal capacity P [Ah] of the lead storage battery 1. As described above, push-in charging is charging performed without providing a charge end voltage. In normal charging before push-in charging (in this embodiment, for example, N-stage constant current charging), the amount of charged electricity is 100% or more and 108% or less with respect to the nominal capacity P [Ah] of the lead storage battery 1. To charge. In order to prevent excessive overcharging from occurring in the indentation charging FC, it is preferable that the total amount of electricity charged is close to 110% of the nominal capacity P [Ah] of the lead storage battery 1. Therefore, based on the charge electricity amount of the first stage constant current charge C1 in the N-stage constant current charge, the charge electricity amount in the push-in charge FC is 2% or more with respect to the nominal capacity P [Ah] of the lead storage battery 1 And it is preferable to set in the range of 10% or less. As a result, excessive overcharging can be avoided in the push-in charging FC.
　さらに、鉛蓄電池１を制御弁式鉛蓄電池とすれば、液式鉛蓄電池のように水量が低下する度に筐体５を開いて補水する必要がなくなるので、より好ましい。 Furthermore, if the lead storage battery 1 is a control valve type lead storage battery, it is more preferable because it is not necessary to open the housing 5 to replenish water each time the amount of water decreases as in the liquid lead storage battery.
　（比較例１）
　図３に示される鉛蓄電池１を以下のように作製した。すなわち、鉛－錫合金からなる正極格子に鉛粉を充填して正極を作製し、鉛－錫合金からなる負極格子に鉛粉と硫酸バリウムとリグニン化合物とを充填して負極を作製した。この正極６枚と負極７枚とをセパレータを介して対向させて極板群を作製した。隔壁によって複数のセル室に区切られた電槽の各々のセル室に、この極板群を収納し、極板群を直列に接続して密閉し、電解液を注入した後に化成することで正極および負極を形成した。これによって、公称容量ＰがＰ＝１２［Ａｈ］、公称電圧ＶがＶ＝１２［Ｖ］である制御弁式の鉛蓄電池１を作製した。したがって、Ｑ＝Ｐ×Ｖ＝１４４［Ｗｈ］である。 (Comparative Example 1)
The lead acid battery 1 shown in FIG. 3 was produced as follows. That is, a positive electrode was made by filling a positive electrode lattice made of a lead-tin alloy with lead powder, and a negative electrode was made by filling a negative electrode lattice made of a lead-tin alloy with lead powder, barium sulfate, and a lignin compound. The positive electrode group was prepared by making the six positive electrodes and the seven negative electrodes face each other with a separator interposed therebetween. The electrode plate group is accommodated in each cell chamber of the battery case divided into a plurality of cell chambers by a partition wall, the electrode plate group is connected in series and sealed, and an electrolyte is injected to form a positive electrode. And a negative electrode was formed. Thus, a control valve type lead storage battery 1 having a nominal capacity P of P = 12 [Ah] and a nominal voltage V of V = 12 [V] was produced. Therefore, Q = P × V = 144 [Wh].
　この３個の鉛蓄電池１を銅製の接続部品４で直列に接続し、一端の鉛蓄電池１の正極端子２ａに正極引き出し線２ｂを接続し、他端の鉛蓄電池１の負極端子３ａに負極引き出し線３ｂを接続することで組電池１０を作製した。この組電池１０を図１および図２のように筐体５に収納する際に、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を０．５［ｍｍ］とし、鉛蓄電池１の側面と筐体５の側面との間隔Ｄ２は５［ｍｍ］とし、鉛蓄電池１の上面と筐体５の上蓋５ａとの間隔Ｄ３は１０［ｍｍ］とした。したがって、比Ｄ１／（Ｐ×Ｖ）＝Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．５／１４４＝０．００３である。 The three lead storage batteries 1 are connected in series with a copper connecting part 4, the positive lead wire 2 b is connected to the positive terminal 2 a of the lead storage battery 1 at one end, and the negative lead is drawn to the negative terminal 3 a of the lead storage battery 1 at the other end. The assembled battery 10 was produced by connecting the wire 3b. When the assembled battery 10 is housed in the housing 5 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 in the housing 5 is set to 0.5 [mm], and the side surface of the lead storage battery 1 is The distance D2 from the side surface of the housing 5 was 5 [mm], and the distance D3 between the upper surface of the lead-acid battery 1 and the upper lid 5a of the housing 5 was 10 [mm]. Therefore, the ratio D1 / (P × V) = D1 / Q = 0.5 / 144 = 0.003.
　（比較例２）
　比較例１に対して、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を０．９［ｍｍ］（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．００６）としたこと以外は、比較例１と同様とした。 (Comparative Example 2)
Compared to Comparative Example 1, the same procedure as Comparative Example 1 was performed except that the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 inside the housing 5 was set to 0.9 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.006).
　（実施例１）
　比較例１に対して、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を１［ｍｍ］（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．００７）としたこと以外は、比較例１と同様とした。 Example 1
Compared to Comparative Example 1, the same as Comparative Example 1 except that the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 inside the housing 5 was set to 1 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.007).
　（実施例２）
　比較例１に対して、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を２［ｍｍ］（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．０１４）としたこと以外は、比較例１と同様とした。 (Example 2)
Compared to Comparative Example 1, the same as Comparative Example 1 except that the interval D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 inside the housing 5 was set to 2 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.014).
　（実施例３）
　比較例１に対して、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を３［ｍｍ］（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．０２１）としたこと以外は、比較例１と同様とした。 (Example 3)
With respect to the comparative example 1, it was the same as the comparative example 1 except that the interval D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 inside the housing 5 was 3 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.021).
　（実施例４）
　比較例１に対して、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を９［ｍｍ］（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．０６３）としたこと以外は、比較例１と同様とした。 Example 4
Compared to Comparative Example 1, the same procedure as Comparative Example 1 was performed except that the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 inside the housing 5 was set to 9 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.063).
　（実施例５）
　比較例１に対して、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を２７［ｍｍ］（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．１８８）としたこと以外は、比較例１と同様とした。 (Example 5)
Compared to Comparative Example 1, the same procedure as Comparative Example 1 was performed except that the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 inside the housing 5 was set to 27 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.188).
　（実施例６）
　比較例１に対して、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を５０［ｍｍ］（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．３４７）としたこと以外は、比較例１と同様とした。 (Example 6)
Compared to Comparative Example 1, the same procedure as Comparative Example 1 was performed except that the interval D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 in the housing 5 was set to 50 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.347).
　（比較例３）
　比較例１に対して、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を５５［ｍｍ］（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．３８２）としたこと以外は、比較例１と同様とした。 (Comparative Example 3)
Compared to Comparative Example 1, the same procedure as Comparative Example 1 was performed except that the interval D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 inside the housing 5 was set to 55 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.382).
　（比較例４）
　比較例１に対して、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を８０［ｍｍ］（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．５５６）としたこと以外は、比較例１と同様とした。 (Comparative Example 4)
Compared to Comparative Example 1, the same procedure as Comparative Example 1 was performed except that the interval D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 inside the housing 5 was set to 80 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.556).
　（実施例７）
　実施例２に対して、鉛蓄電池１の側面と筐体５の側面との間隔Ｄ２を０．５［ｍｍ］としたこと以外は、実施例２と同様（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．０１４）とした。 (Example 7)
Compared to Example 2, except that the distance D2 between the side surface of the lead storage battery 1 and the side surface of the housing 5 is set to 0.5 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.014) did.
　（実施例８）
　実施例２に対して、鉛蓄電池１の上面と筐体５の上蓋５ａとの間隔Ｄ３を８０［ｍｍ］としたこと以外は、実施例２と同様（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．０１４）とした。なお、鉛蓄電池１の上面には、図３に示されるように、正極端子２ａ及び負極端子３ａによる凸部が形成されているため、Ｄ３≦１０［ｍｍ］は考える必要がない。 (Example 8)
In contrast to Example 2, the distance D3 between the upper surface of the lead storage battery 1 and the upper lid 5a of the housing 5 was set to 80 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.014). . In addition, since the convex part by the positive electrode terminal 2a and the negative electrode terminal 3a is formed in the upper surface of the lead storage battery 1 as FIG. 3 shows, it is not necessary to consider D3 <= 10 [mm].
　（比較例５）
　比較例１に対して、極板面積を増やす代わりに正極を４枚、負極を５枚にして、鉛蓄電池１の公称容量をＰ＝２０［Ａｈ］としたこと以外は、比較例１と同様とした。つまり比較例５では、Ｑ＝Ｐ×Ｖ＝２４０［Ｗｈ］であり、比Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．００２である。 (Comparative Example 5)
Compared to Comparative Example 1, the same as Comparative Example 1, except that instead of increasing the electrode plate area, four positive electrodes and five negative electrodes were used and the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery 1 was P = 20 [Ah]. It was. That is, in Comparative Example 5, Q = P × V = 240 [Wh], and the ratio D1 / Q = 0.002.
　（比較例６）
　比較例５に対して、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を１．５［ｍｍ］（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．００６）としたこと以外は、比較例５と同様とした。 (Comparative Example 6)
Compared to Comparative Example 5, the same procedure as Comparative Example 5 was performed except that the interval D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 inside the housing 5 was set to 1.5 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.006).
　（実施例９）
　比較例５に対して、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を１．７［ｍｍ］（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．００７）としたこと以外は、比較例５と同様とした。 Example 9
Compared to Comparative Example 5, the procedure was the same as Comparative Example 5 except that the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 inside the housing 5 was 1.7 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.007).
　（実施例１０）
　比較例５に対して、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を３．４［ｍｍ］（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．０１４）としたこと以外は、比較例５と同様とした。 (Example 10)
Compared to Comparative Example 5, the same procedure as Comparative Example 5 was performed except that the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 inside the housing 5 was set to 3.4 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.014).
　（実施例１１）
　比較例５に対して、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を５．１［ｍｍ］（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．０２１）としたこと以外は、比較例５と同様とした。 (Example 11)
Compared to Comparative Example 5, the procedure was the same as Comparative Example 5 except that the interval D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 inside the housing 5 was set to 5.1 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.021).
　（実施例１２）
　比較例５に対して、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を１５［ｍｍ］（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．０６３）としたこと以外は、比較例５と同様とした。 (Example 12)
Compared to Comparative Example 5, the procedure was the same as Comparative Example 5 except that the interval D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 inside the housing 5 was set to 15 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.063).
　（実施例１３）
　比較例５に対して、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を４５［ｍｍ］（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．１８８）としたこと以外は、比較例５と同様とした。 (Example 13)
Compared to Comparative Example 5, the same procedure as Comparative Example 5 was performed except that the interval D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 in the housing 5 was set to 45 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.188).
　（実施例１４）
　比較例５に対して、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を８３．３［ｍｍ］（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．３４７）としたこと以外は、比較例５と同様とした。 (Example 14)
Compared to Comparative Example 5, the same procedure as Comparative Example 5 was performed, except that the interval D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 inside the housing 5 was 83.3 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.347).
　（比較例７）
　比較例５に対して、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を９２［ｍｍ］（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．３８３）としたこと以外は、比較例５と同様とした。 (Comparative Example 7)
Compared to Comparative Example 5, the same procedure as Comparative Example 5 was performed except that the interval D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 inside the housing 5 was set to 92 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.383).
　（比較例８）
　比較例５に対して、筐体５の内部における鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１を１３３［ｍｍ］（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．５５４）としたこと以外は、比較例５と同様とした。 (Comparative Example 8)
Compared to Comparative Example 5, the procedure was the same as Comparative Example 5 except that the interval D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 inside the housing 5 was 133 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.554).
　（実施例１５）
　実施例１０に対して、鉛蓄電池１の側面と筐体５の側面との間隔Ｄ２を０．５［ｍｍ］としたこと以外は、実施例１０と同様（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．０１４）とした。 (Example 15)
Compared to Example 10, except that the distance D2 between the side surface of the lead storage battery 1 and the side surface of the housing 5 is set to 0.5 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.014) did.
　（実施例１６）
　実施例１０に対して、鉛蓄電池１の上面と筐体５の上蓋５ａとの間隔Ｄ３を１３３［ｍｍ］としたこと以外は、実施例１０と同様（Ｄ１／Ｑ＝０．０１４）とした。 (Example 16)
Compared to Example 10, except that the distance D3 between the upper surface of the lead-acid battery 1 and the upper lid 5a of the housing 5 was 133 [mm] (D1 / Q = 0.014). .
　上述した実施例１～１６および比較例１～８に対して、正極引き出し線２ｂと負極引き出し線３ｂとを充電部１１に接続して以下の３種類の充電を行った後、これらの引き出し線を負荷３０に接続して、０．５Ｃで、１個の鉛蓄電池１当たり端子電圧が１０．５Ｖに達するまで定電流放電した。ここで、「１Ｃ」は、満充電（ＳＯＣ＝１００％）にされた公称容量Ｐの鉛蓄電池１を１時間で残電気量が０（ＳＯＣ＝０％）になるまで放電させる電流値である。「Ｃ」は、「Ｉｔ」とも称される。 For the above-described Examples 1 to 16 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8, the positive lead wire 2b and the negative lead wire 3b are connected to the charging unit 11 and the following three types of charging are performed. Was connected to the load 30 and constant current was discharged at 0.5 C until the terminal voltage per lead acid battery 1 reached 10.5 V. Here, “1C” is a current value that discharges the lead-acid battery 1 having a nominal capacity P that is fully charged (SOC = 100%) until the remaining electricity amount becomes 0 (SOC = 0%) in one hour. . “C” is also referred to as “It”.
　（Ｎ段定電流充電＋押込み充電）
　充電終止電圧ＶｅをＶｅ＝１４．４Ｖの一定に設定し、１段目は０．１５Ｃ、２段目は０．０６２５Ｃ、３段目は０．０２５Ｃの定電流充電を行った。つまり、Ｎ段定電流充電においてＮ＝３とした。この３段定電流充電によって鉛蓄電池１の公称容量に対して１００～１０８％の電気量が充電できたものとして、引き続いて３段目と同じ電流値（０．０２５Ｃ）で２．５時間の定電流充電を行い、押込み充電とした。この押込み充電によって、鉛蓄電池１の公称容量に対して６．２５％の電気量が充電できる。 (N-stage constant current charge + push-in charge)
The charge end voltage Ve was set constant at Ve = 14.4 V, and constant current charging was performed at 0.15 C in the first stage, 0.0625 C in the second stage, and 0.025 C in the third stage. That is, N = 3 in N-stage constant current charging. Assuming that this three-stage constant current charge could charge 100 to 108% of the nominal capacity of the lead-acid battery 1, then the same current value (0.025C) as the third stage for 2.5 hours. Constant current charging was performed and indentation charging was performed. This indentation charge can charge an electric quantity of 6.25% with respect to the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery 1.
　（Ｎ段定電流充電のみ）
　上述の「Ｎ段定電流充電＋押込み充電」におけるＮ段定電流充電のみを行った。 (N-stage constant current charging only)
Only the N-stage constant current charge in the above-mentioned “N-stage constant current charge + indentation charge” was performed.
　（定電流定電圧充電）
　上述のＮ段定電流充電の１段目と同じ０．１５Ｃで定電流充電を行い、端子電圧が１４．４Ｖに達したら定電圧充電に移行して徐々に電流値を減衰させ、充電電気量が公称容量の１０４％まで充電したら終了とした。 (Constant current constant voltage charging)
The constant current charge is performed at 0.15 C, which is the same as the first stage of the N-stage constant current charge described above. When the terminal voltage reaches 14.4 V, the process proceeds to the constant voltage charge, and the current value is gradually attenuated. Is finished when charging to 104% of the nominal capacity.
　図７は、上述した充電に要した時間（初期１０サイクルの平均値）と、放電容量が初期値の７０％まで低下したサイクル数とを表形式で示す図である。図８は、図７の比較例１～４及び実施例１～６（Ｑ＝１４４［Ｗｈ］）における比Ｄ１／Ｑと寿命到達までのサイクル数との関係を表すグラフである。図８において、曲線Ｌ１は「Ｎ段定電流充電＋押込み充電」を示し、曲線Ｌ２は「Ｎ段定電流充電のみ」を示し、曲線Ｌ３は「定電流定電圧充電」を示す。図９は、図７の比較例５～８及び実施例９～１４（Ｑ＝２４０［Ｗｈ］）における比Ｄ１／Ｑと寿命到達までのサイクル数との関係を表すグラフである。図９において、曲線Ｌ１１は「Ｎ段定電流充電＋押込み充電」を示し、曲線Ｌ１２は「Ｎ段定電流充電のみ」を示し、曲線Ｌ１３は「定電流定電圧充電」を示す。 FIG. 7 is a table showing the time required for the above-described charging (average value of initial 10 cycles) and the number of cycles in which the discharge capacity has decreased to 70% of the initial value. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio D1 / Q and the number of cycles until the end of the life in Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and Examples 1 to 6 (Q = 144 [Wh]) in FIG. In FIG. 8, a curve L1 indicates “N-stage constant current charge + indentation charge”, a curve L2 indicates “N-stage constant current charge only”, and a curve L3 indicates “constant current constant voltage charge”. FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio D1 / Q and the number of cycles until the end of the life in Comparative Examples 5 to 8 and Examples 9 to 14 (Q = 240 [Wh]) in FIG. In FIG. 9, a curve L11 indicates “N-stage constant current charge + indentation charge”, a curve L12 indicates “N-stage constant current charge only”, and a curve L13 indicates “constant current constant voltage charge”.
　図７～図９から明らかなように、実施例１～１６（Ａ１～Ａ１６）に対して「Ｎ段定電流充電＋押込み充電」（図８の曲線Ｌ１、図９の曲線Ｌ１１）を行うことによって、定電流定電圧充電（図８の曲線Ｌ３、図９の曲線Ｌ１３）よりも充電時間が短くなる上に、Ｎ段定電流充電のみの場合（図８の曲線Ｌ２、図９の曲線Ｌ１２）や定電流定電圧充電の場合（図８の曲線Ｌ３、図９の曲線Ｌ１３）と比べて長寿命化することが分かる。なかでも、比Ｄ１／Ｑが０．０１４以上であって、かつ０．１８８以下である実施例２～５（Ａ２～Ａ５）および実施例１０～１３（Ａ１０～Ａ１３）、とりわけ実施例２～４（Ａ２～Ａ４）および実施例１０～１２（Ａ１０～Ａ１２）は、顕著に長寿命化していることが分かる。 As is apparent from FIGS. 7 to 9, “N-stage constant current charging + indentation charging” (curve L1 in FIG. 8, curve L11 in FIG. 9) is performed on Examples 1 to 16 (A1 to A16). Thus, the charging time is shorter than that of constant current and constant voltage charging (curve L3 in FIG. 8, curve L13 in FIG. 9), and only N-stage constant current charging is performed (curve L2 in FIG. 8, curve L12 in FIG. 9). ) And constant current / constant voltage charging (curve L3 in FIG. 8, curve L13 in FIG. 9), the life is extended. Among them, Examples 2 to 5 (A2 to A5) and Examples 10 to 13 (A10 to A13), especially Examples 2 to 5 having a ratio D1 / Q of 0.014 or more and 0.188 or less. 4 (A2 to A4) and Examples 10 to 12 (A10 to A12) are found to have a significantly longer life.
　但し、比Ｄ１／Ｑが０．００７未満となる、鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１が狭すぎる比較例１，２および５，６や、比Ｄ１／Ｑが０．３４７を超える、鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１が広すぎる比較例３，４および７，８は、寿命特性が芳しくない。この理由として、以下が考えられる。すなわち、これらの比較例では、鉛蓄電池１どうしの間隔Ｄ１が空気の対流を発生させる好適範囲から外れており、十分な速度の対流が発生しないため、筐体５の内部の温度が均一化されるまでに、Ｎ段定電流充電が終了する。したがって、個々の鉛蓄電池１のＳＯＣがばらついた状態で押込み充電が開始される。その結果、押込み充電による効果が得られなかったものと考えられる。その証拠として、比較例１～８（Ｂ１～Ｂ８）の「Ｎ段定電流充電のみ」（図８の曲線Ｌ２、図９の曲線Ｌ１２）と「定電流定電圧充電」（図８の曲線Ｌ３、図９の曲線Ｌ１３）とを対比すると、「Ｎ段定電流充電のみ」（図８の曲線Ｌ２、図９の曲線Ｌ１２）よりも長時間を要する「定電流定電圧充電」（図８の曲線Ｌ３、図９の曲線Ｌ１３）を行った方が、低レベルながら寿命特性が良いことが挙げられる。 However, the ratio D1 / Q is less than 0.007, the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 is too narrow, Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 5, 6, and the lead storage batteries 1 with the ratio D1 / Q exceeding 0.347. In Comparative Examples 3, 4 and 7, 8 in which the distance D1 is too wide, the life characteristics are not good. The following can be considered as this reason. That is, in these comparative examples, the distance D1 between the lead storage batteries 1 is out of the preferred range for generating air convection, and sufficient convection does not occur, so the temperature inside the housing 5 is made uniform. The N-stage constant current charging is completed. Therefore, indentation charging is started in a state where the SOC of each lead storage battery 1 varies. As a result, it is considered that the effect of indentation charging was not obtained. As evidence, “N-stage constant current charging only” (curve L2 in FIG. 8, curve L12 in FIG. 9) and “constant current constant voltage charging” (curve L3 in FIG. 8) of Comparative Examples 1 to 8 (B1 to B8). 9 is compared with “curve L13 in FIG. 8” (curve L2 in FIG. 8 and curve L12 in FIG. 9), which requires a longer time than “N-stage constant current charge only” (curve L2 in FIG. 8, curve L12 in FIG. 9). It can be mentioned that the curve L3 and the curve L13 in FIG. 9 have better lifetime characteristics while being at a low level.
　また、実施例２（Ａ２）と実施例７（Ａ７）とを対比し、実施例１０（Ａ１０）と実施例１５（Ａ１５）とを対比すると、寿命到達までのサイクル数の相違は、１４０サイクル（実施例２，１０）と１３８サイクル（実施例７，１５）とである。したがって、鉛蓄電池１の側面と筐体５の側面との間隔Ｄ２は、殆ど影響の無いことが分かる。 Further, when Example 2 (A2) is compared with Example 7 (A7) and Example 10 (A10) is compared with Example 15 (A15), the difference in the number of cycles until the end of life is 140 cycles. (Examples 2 and 10) and 138 cycles (Examples 7 and 15). Therefore, it can be seen that the distance D2 between the side surface of the lead storage battery 1 and the side surface of the housing 5 has almost no influence.
　また、実施例２（Ａ２）と実施例８（Ａ８）とを対比し、実施例１０（Ａ１０）と実施例１６（Ａ１６）とを対比すると、寿命到達までのサイクル数の相違は、１４０サイクル（実施例２，１０）と１３８サイクル（実施例８，１６）とである。したがって、鉛蓄電池１の上面と筐体５の上蓋５ａとの間隔Ｄ３は、殆ど影響の無いことが分かる。 Further, when Example 2 (A2) is compared with Example 8 (A8) and Example 10 (A10) is compared with Example 16 (A16), the difference in the number of cycles until the end of the life is 140 cycles. (Examples 2 and 10) and 138 cycles (Examples 8 and 16). Therefore, it can be seen that the distance D3 between the upper surface of the lead storage battery 1 and the upper lid 5a of the housing 5 has almost no influence.
　なお、上述した具体的実施形態及び実施例には、以下の構成を有する発明が主に含まれている。 The specific embodiments and examples described above mainly include inventions having the following configurations.
　本発明の一局面に係る電源システムは、筐体に収納され、複数個の鉛蓄電池からなる組電池と、前記組電池を充電する充電部と、を備え、前記鉛蓄電池の公称容量をＰ［Ａｈ］とし、前記鉛蓄電池の公称電圧をＶ［Ｖ］とし、前記筐体の内部における隣接する前記鉛蓄電池間の間隔をＤ１［ｍｍ］としたとき、０．００７≦Ｄ１／（Ｐ×Ｖ）≦０．３４７が満たされるように、前記複数個の鉛蓄電池が前記筐体の内部に収納され、前記充電部は、所定の充電電流値により１段目の定電流充電を開始し、前記鉛蓄電池の端子電圧が所定の充電終止電圧に達すると、前記充電電流値を低減して次段の定電流充電に進む充電をＮ（Ｎは２以上の整数）段繰り返すＮ段定電流充電を行い、前記Ｎ段定電流充電が終了すると、前記Ｎ段定電流充電におけるＮ段目の充電電流値より低い電流値又は実質的に同一の電流値で、所定の充電時間の押込み充電を行う。 A power supply system according to one aspect of the present invention includes an assembled battery that is housed in a housing and includes a plurality of lead storage batteries, and a charging unit that charges the assembled battery, and the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery is P [ Ah], the nominal voltage of the lead storage battery is V [V], and the interval between the adjacent lead storage batteries in the housing is D1 [mm], 0.007 ≦ D1 / (P × V ) ≦ 0.347 is satisfied, the plurality of lead storage batteries are housed in the housing, and the charging unit starts first-stage constant current charging with a predetermined charging current value, When the terminal voltage of the lead-acid battery reaches a predetermined end-of-charge voltage, N-stage constant current charging is performed in which the charging current value is reduced and charging that proceeds to the next-stage constant current charging is repeated N (N is an integer of 2 or more). When the N-stage constant current charging is completed, the N-stage constant current charging is performed. That the N-th stage of lower than the charging current value current value or substantially the same current value, perform indentation charge of a given charging time.
　この構成によれば、鉛蓄電池の公称容量をＰ［Ａｈ］とし、鉛蓄電池の公称電圧をＶ［Ｖ］とし、筐体の内部における隣接する鉛蓄電池間の間隔をＤ１［ｍｍ］としたとき、０．００７≦Ｄ１／（Ｐ×Ｖ）≦０．３４７が満たされるように、複数個の鉛蓄電池が筐体の内部に収納されている。したがって、組電池の充電が行われると、鉛蓄電池の発熱により発生する温度差によって、筐体の内部で空気の対流が好適に生じる。このため、Ｎ段定電流充電のＮ段目が終了したときには、個々の鉛蓄電池の温度差が低減し、これによって、個々の鉛蓄電池のＳＯＣのばらつきが低減している。したがって、押込み充電によって、全ての鉛蓄電池に対して、格子を腐食させない程度に過充電することが可能になるため、サルフェーションを好適に解消することができる。その結果、組電池全体の長寿命化を実現することができる。 According to this configuration, when the nominal capacity of the lead-acid battery is P [Ah], the nominal voltage of the lead-acid battery is V [V], and the interval between adjacent lead-acid batteries inside the housing is D1 [mm] , 0.007 ≦ D1 / (P × V) ≦ 0.347, a plurality of lead storage batteries are housed in the housing. Therefore, when the assembled battery is charged, air convection is suitably generated inside the housing due to a temperature difference generated by heat generation of the lead storage battery. For this reason, when the N-th stage of N-stage constant current charging is completed, the temperature difference between the individual lead-acid batteries is reduced, thereby reducing the variation in the SOC of the individual lead-acid batteries. Therefore, since it becomes possible to overcharge to all the lead storage batteries to the extent which does not corrode a grid | lattice by indentation charge, sulfation can be eliminated suitably. As a result, the lifetime of the entire assembled battery can be increased.
　また、上記の電源システムにおいて、前記組電池を固定して収納する前記筐体をさらに備えるとしてもよい。 In the above power supply system, the housing may be further provided with the assembled battery fixedly stored.
　この構成によれば、組電池を固定して収納する筐体を備えているため、０．００７≦Ｄ１／（Ｐ×Ｖ）≦０．３４７が確実に満たされるように、複数個の鉛蓄電池を筐体の内部に固定して収納することができる。 According to this configuration, since the housing for housing the assembled battery is provided, a plurality of lead storage batteries are provided so that 0.007 ≦ D1 / (P × V) ≦ 0.347 is reliably satisfied. Can be fixed and stored inside the housing.
　また、上記の電源システムにおいて、前記充電部は、前記押込み充電における充電電流値を、前記Ｎ段定電流充電におけるＮ段目の電流値と実質的に同一に設定するとしてもよい。 In the above power supply system, the charging unit may set the charging current value in the push-in charging to be substantially the same as the N-th stage current value in the N-stage constant current charging.
　この構成によれば、押込み充電における充電電流値がＮ段目の電流値と実質的に同一に設定されている。したがって、Ｎ段定電流充電が終了して押込み充電の開始時に充電電流値を変化させる必要がない。このため、制御部による充電の制御が簡略化される。 According to this configuration, the charging current value in the indentation charging is set to be substantially the same as the N-th stage current value. Therefore, it is not necessary to change the charging current value when the N-stage constant current charging is completed and the indentation charging is started. For this reason, control of charging by the control unit is simplified.
　また、上記の電源システムにおいて、前記充電部は、前記押込み充電において、前記鉛蓄電池の公称容量に対して２％以上かつ１０％以下の電気量が充電されるように、充電電流値及び充電時間を設定するとしてもよい。 Further, in the above power supply system, the charging unit includes a charging current value and a charging time so that an electric amount of 2% or more and 10% or less with respect to a nominal capacity of the lead storage battery is charged in the push-in charging. May be set.
　この構成によれば、押込み充電において、鉛蓄電池の公称容量に対して２％以上かつ１０％以下の電気量が充電されるように、充電電流値及び充電時間が設定される。したがって、押込み充電において、過度の過充電が起こるのを避けることができる。 According to this configuration, the charging current value and the charging time are set such that an electric charge of 2% or more and 10% or less is charged with respect to the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery in the indentation charging. Therefore, it is possible to avoid an excessive overcharge in the push-in charge.
　また、上記の電源システムにおいて、前記鉛蓄電池は、制御弁式鉛蓄電池であるとしてもよい。 In the above power supply system, the lead storage battery may be a control valve type lead storage battery.
　この構成によれば、鉛蓄電池は制御弁式鉛蓄電池であるため、液式鉛蓄電池のように水量が低下する度に筐体を開いて補水する必要がないので、好ましい。 According to this configuration, since the lead storage battery is a control valve type lead storage battery, it is not necessary to open the casing to replenish water each time the amount of water decreases as in the liquid lead storage battery, which is preferable.
　本発明の一局面に係る組電池の充電方法は、一つの筐体に収納された複数個の鉛蓄電池からなる組電池の充電方法であって、所定の充電電流値により１段目の定電流充電を開始し、前記鉛蓄電池の端子電圧が所定の充電終止電圧に達すると、前記充電電流値を低減して次段の定電流充電に進む充電をＮ（Ｎは２以上の整数）段繰り返すＮ段定電流充電を行う第１工程と、前記第１工程が終了すると、前記Ｎ段定電流充電におけるＮ段目の充電電流値より低い電流値又は実質的に同一の電流値で、所定の充電時間の押込み充電を行う第２工程と、を含み、前記鉛蓄電池の公称容量をＰ［Ａｈ］とし、前記鉛蓄電池の公称電圧をＶ［Ｖ］とし、前記筐体の内部における前記鉛蓄電池間の間隔をＤ１［ｍｍ］としたとき、０．００７≦Ｄ１／（Ｐ×Ｖ）≦０．３４７が満たされるように、前記複数個の鉛蓄電池が前記筐体の内部に収納されている。 An assembled battery charging method according to one aspect of the present invention is an assembled battery charging method including a plurality of lead storage batteries housed in a single housing, and a first stage constant current according to a predetermined charging current value. When charging is started and the terminal voltage of the lead storage battery reaches a predetermined end-of-charge voltage, the charging current value is reduced and charging that proceeds to the next constant current charging is repeated N (N is an integer of 2 or more). When the first step of performing N-stage constant current charging and the first step are completed, a predetermined current value is lower than or substantially the same as the N-stage charging current value in the N-stage constant current charging. A second step of performing in-charge charging for a charging time, wherein the lead-acid battery has a nominal capacity P [Ah], a lead-acid battery nominal voltage V [V], and the lead-acid battery inside the housing When the interval between them is D1 [mm], 0.007 ≦ D1 / (P As V) ≦ 0.347 is satisfied, the plurality of lead-acid battery is housed inside the housing.
　この構成によれば、鉛蓄電池の公称容量をＰ［Ａｈ］とし、鉛蓄電池の公称電圧をＶ［Ｖ］とし、筐体の内部における隣接する鉛蓄電池間の間隔をＤ１［ｍｍ］としたとき、０．００７≦Ｄ１／（Ｐ×Ｖ）≦０．３４７が満たされるように、複数個の鉛蓄電池が筐体の内部に収納されている。したがって、組電池の充電が行われると、鉛蓄電池の発熱により発生する温度差によって、筐体の内部で空気の対流が好適に生じる。このため、Ｎ段定電流充電のＮ段目が終了したときには、個々の鉛蓄電池の温度差が低減し、これによって、個々の鉛蓄電池のＳＯＣのばらつきが低減している。したがって、押込み充電によって、全ての鉛蓄電池に対して、格子を腐食させない程度に過充電することが可能になるため、サルフェーションを好適に解消することができる。その結果、組電池全体の長寿命化を実現することができる。 According to this configuration, when the nominal capacity of the lead-acid battery is P [Ah], the nominal voltage of the lead-acid battery is V [V], and the interval between adjacent lead-acid batteries inside the housing is D1 [mm] , 0.007 ≦ D1 / (P × V) ≦ 0.347, a plurality of lead storage batteries are housed in the housing. Therefore, when the assembled battery is charged, air convection is suitably generated inside the housing due to a temperature difference generated by heat generation of the lead storage battery. For this reason, when the N-th stage of N-stage constant current charging is completed, the temperature difference between the individual lead-acid batteries is reduced, thereby reducing the variation in the SOC of the individual lead-acid batteries. Therefore, since it becomes possible to overcharge to all the lead storage batteries to the extent which does not corrode a grid | lattice by indentation charge, sulfation can be eliminated suitably. As a result, the lifetime of the entire assembled battery can be increased.
　また、上記の組電池の充電方法において、前記押込み充電における充電電流値は、前記Ｎ段定電流充電におけるＮ段目の電流値と実質的に同一に設定されているとしてもよい。 In the assembled battery charging method, the charging current value in the indentation charging may be set to be substantially the same as the N-th stage current value in the N-stage constant current charging.
　この構成によれば、押込み充電における充電電流値がＮ段目の電流値と実質的に同一に設定されている。したがって、Ｎ段定電流充電が終了して押込み充電の開始時に充電電流値を変化させる必要がない。このため、制御部による充電の制御が簡略化される。 According to this configuration, the charging current value in the indentation charging is set to be substantially the same as the N-th stage current value. Therefore, it is not necessary to change the charging current value when the N-stage constant current charging is completed and the indentation charging is started. For this reason, control of charging by the control unit is simplified.
　また、上記の組電池の充電方法において、前記第２工程では、前記鉛蓄電池の公称容量に対して２％以上かつ１０％以下の電気量が充電されるように、充電電流値及び充電時間が設定されているとしてもよい。 In the assembled battery charging method, in the second step, a charging current value and a charging time are charged so that an electric quantity of 2% or more and 10% or less is charged with respect to a nominal capacity of the lead storage battery. It may be set.
　この構成によれば、押込み充電において、鉛蓄電池の公称容量に対して２％以上かつ１０％以下の電気量が充電されるように、充電電流値及び充電時間が設定される。したがって、押込み充電において、過度の過充電が起こるのを避けることができる。 According to this configuration, the charging current value and the charging time are set such that an electric charge of 2% or more and 10% or less is charged with respect to the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery in the indentation charging. Therefore, it is possible to avoid an excessive overcharge in the push-in charge.
　また、上記の組電池の充電方法において、前記鉛蓄電池は、制御弁式鉛蓄電池であるとしてもよい。 Further, in the above assembled battery charging method, the lead storage battery may be a control valve type lead storage battery.
　この構成によれば、鉛蓄電池は制御弁式鉛蓄電池であるため、液式鉛蓄電池のように水量が低下する度に筐体を開いて補水する必要がないので、好ましい。 According to this configuration, since the lead storage battery is a control valve type lead storage battery, it is not necessary to open the casing to replenish water each time the amount of water decreases as in the liquid lead storage battery, which is preferable.
　本発明の電源システムおよび組電池の充電方法は、体積効率を高めつつ深い放電を繰り返しても寿命特性を維持できるので、電動車の駆動源や、例えば家庭用太陽光発電などの小規模独立電源システムの補助電源として好ましく、利用可能性は極めて高い。 Since the power supply system and the battery pack charging method of the present invention can maintain life characteristics even when repeated deep discharge is repeated while increasing volumetric efficiency, a small-scale independent power source such as a driving source of an electric vehicle or a household solar power generation, for example It is preferable as an auxiliary power source for the system, and its availability is extremely high.

Claims (9)

  1. 　筐体に収納され、複数個の鉛蓄電池からなる組電池と、
    　前記組電池を充電する充電部と、
    を備え、
    　前記鉛蓄電池の公称容量をＰ［Ａｈ］とし、前記鉛蓄電池の公称電圧をＶ［Ｖ］とし、前記筐体の内部における隣接する前記鉛蓄電池間の間隔をＤ１［ｍｍ］としたとき、０．００７≦Ｄ１／（Ｐ×Ｖ）≦０．３４７が満たされるように、前記複数個の鉛蓄電池が前記筐体の内部に収納され、
    　前記充電部は、所定の充電電流値により１段目の定電流充電を開始し、前記鉛蓄電池の端子電圧が所定の充電終止電圧に達すると、前記充電電流値を低減して次段の定電流充電に進む充電をＮ（Ｎは２以上の整数）段繰り返すＮ段定電流充電を行い、前記Ｎ段定電流充電が終了すると、前記Ｎ段定電流充電におけるＮ段目の充電電流値より低い電流値又は実質的に同一の電流値で、所定の充電時間の押込み充電を行うことを特徴とする電源システム。     An assembled battery comprising a plurality of lead-acid batteries housed in a housing;
    A charging unit for charging the assembled battery;
    With
    When the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery is P [Ah], the nominal voltage of the lead storage battery is V [V], and the interval between the adjacent lead storage batteries in the housing is D1 [mm], 0 The plurality of lead storage batteries are housed in the housing so that .007 ≦ D1 / (P × V) ≦ 0.347 is satisfied,
    The charging unit starts first-stage constant current charging with a predetermined charging current value, and when the terminal voltage of the lead storage battery reaches a predetermined end-of-charge voltage, the charging unit reduces the charging current value to determine the next-stage constant current charging. N-stage constant current charging is performed in which N (N is an integer greater than or equal to 2) stages of charging that proceeds to current charging is repeated, and when the N-stage constant current charging is completed, A power supply system that performs indentation charging for a predetermined charging time at a low current value or substantially the same current value.
  2. 　前記組電池を固定して収納する前記筐体をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項１記載の電源システム。 The power supply system according to claim 1, further comprising the housing for fixing and storing the assembled battery.
  3. 　前記充電部は、前記押込み充電における充電電流値を、前記Ｎ段定電流充電におけるＮ段目の電流値と実質的に同一に設定することを特徴とする請求項１または２記載の電源システム。 3. The power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the charging unit sets a charging current value in the push-in charging substantially the same as an N-th stage current value in the N-stage constant current charging.
  4. 　前記充電部は、前記押込み充電において、前記鉛蓄電池の公称容量に対して２％以上かつ１０％以下の電気量が充電されるように、充電電流値及び充電時間を設定することを特徴とする請求項１ないし３のいずれか１項に記載の電源システム。 The charging unit is configured to set a charging current value and a charging time so that an electric amount of 2% or more and 10% or less is charged with respect to a nominal capacity of the lead storage battery in the push-in charging. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
  5. 　前記鉛蓄電池は、制御弁式鉛蓄電池であることを特徴とする請求項１ないし４のいずれか１項に記載の電源システム。 The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the lead storage battery is a control valve type lead storage battery.
  6. 　一つの筐体に収納された複数個の鉛蓄電池からなる組電池の充電方法であって、
    　所定の充電電流値により１段目の定電流充電を開始し、前記鉛蓄電池の端子電圧が所定の充電終止電圧に達すると、前記充電電流値を低減して次段の定電流充電に進む充電をＮ（Ｎは２以上の整数）段繰り返すＮ段定電流充電を行う第１工程と、
    　前記第１工程が終了すると、前記Ｎ段定電流充電におけるＮ段目の充電電流値より低い電流値又は実質的に同一の電流値で、所定の充電時間の押込み充電を行う第２工程と、
    を含み、
    　前記鉛蓄電池の公称容量をＰ［Ａｈ］とし、前記鉛蓄電池の公称電圧をＶ［Ｖ］とし、前記筐体の内部における前記鉛蓄電池間の間隔をＤ１［ｍｍ］としたとき、０．００７≦Ｄ１／（Ｐ×Ｖ）≦０．３４７が満たされるように、前記複数個の鉛蓄電池が前記筐体の内部に収納されていることを特徴とする組電池の充電方法。     A method for charging an assembled battery comprising a plurality of lead storage batteries housed in a single housing,
    First stage constant current charging is started with a predetermined charging current value, and when the terminal voltage of the lead storage battery reaches a predetermined end-of-charge voltage, the charging current value is reduced to proceed to the next stage constant current charging. A first step of performing N-stage constant current charging by repeating N (N is an integer of 2 or more) stages;
    When the first step is completed, a second step of performing indentation charging for a predetermined charging time at a current value lower than or substantially the same as the N-th stage charging current value in the N-stage constant current charging;
    Including
    When the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery is P [Ah], the nominal voltage of the lead storage battery is V [V], and the interval between the lead storage batteries in the housing is D1 [mm], 0.007 A method for charging an assembled battery, wherein the plurality of lead storage batteries are housed in the housing so that ≦ D1 / (P × V) ≦ 0.347 is satisfied.
  7. 　前記押込み充電における充電電流値は、前記Ｎ段定電流充電におけるＮ段目の電流値と実質的に同一に設定されていることを特徴とする請求項６記載の組電池の充電方法。 The charging method for an assembled battery according to claim 6, wherein a charging current value in the indentation charging is set to be substantially the same as an N-th stage current value in the N-stage constant current charging.
  8. 　前記第２工程では、前記鉛蓄電池の公称容量に対して２％以上かつ１０％以下の電気量が充電されるように、充電電流値及び充電時間が設定されていることを特徴とする請求項６または７記載の組電池の充電方法。 The charging current value and the charging time are set in the second step so that an electric quantity of 2% or more and 10% or less is charged with respect to a nominal capacity of the lead storage battery. The charging method of the assembled battery of 6 or 7.
  9. 　前記鉛蓄電池は、制御弁式鉛蓄電池であることを特徴とする請求項６ないし８のいずれか１項に記載の組電池の充電方法。 The method for charging an assembled battery according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the lead storage battery is a control valve type lead storage battery.
PCT/JP2012/003650 2011-06-06 2012-06-04 Power supply system and charging method for battery pack WO2012169167A1 (en)

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