WO2012165729A1 - 금형수명이 개선된 고강도 냉간단조용 강선 및 그 제조방법 - Google Patents
금형수명이 개선된 고강도 냉간단조용 강선 및 그 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012165729A1 WO2012165729A1 PCT/KR2011/008297 KR2011008297W WO2012165729A1 WO 2012165729 A1 WO2012165729 A1 WO 2012165729A1 KR 2011008297 W KR2011008297 W KR 2011008297W WO 2012165729 A1 WO2012165729 A1 WO 2012165729A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/42—Induction heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/58—Oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0093—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for screws; for bolts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength cold forging steel wire used as a material for automobile engines, chassis and steering parts (bolts and shafts), and more particularly Cold forging wires and their manufacture, which are not only forging cold but also for significantly improved mold life, despite the extremely high tensile strength of more than 1,200 MPa. It is about a method.
- spheroidized annealing material Conventional cold forging steel wires are known as spheroidized annealing material and non-coarse steel.
- the spheroidized annealing material is to be forged in the cold by increasing the ductility of the material by spheroidizing the carbide precipitated during the heat treatment process, by spheroidizing the precipitated carbide by heating for about 13 hours to 17 hours at a temperature of about 700 °C
- the tensile strength is very low, about 500 to 600 MPa, so that forging is easy.
- the troublesome process and increase of manufacturing cost must be accompanied by additional heat treatment in order to increase tensile strength.
- non-coated steel that can reduce cost by omitting the tempering and tempering heat treatment is actively progressing.
- most non-alloyed steel is composed of mixed structure of ferrite and perlite, and many alloying elements are added, so there is no problem in forging of relatively simple and low workability parts with tensile strength less than 800MPa, but more than 900MPa
- a shaped part for example, a hexagon flange bolt or the like, the cementite layer layered in the pearlite is prematurely broken, so that the cold forging is impossible.
- the present invention was devised in view of the problems pointed out in the conventional cold forging steel and the recent demand for high strength development, the tensile strength of the material is 1,200 ⁇ 1,600MPa as the ultra high strength for cold forging steel wire, but the construction and It is an object of the present invention to provide a high strength cold forging steel wire and a method of manufacturing the same, which do not generate cracks even when cold forging is used for automobile parts, and the mold life is remarkably improved.
- the inventors of the present invention find the same fact while performing various trials and repeated experiments for the development of a new steel wire which is capable of cold forging with a tensile strength of 1,200 MPa or more and improves the life of the forging die. Reached.
- the quenchable mechanical structural carbon steel is rapidly heated above the Ac3 transformation point and maintained in the heating state, then rapidly cooled by water or oil, and then tempered at the transformation point of 500 ° C. to A1 to provide tensile strength.
- the wire is manufactured in the range of 1,100 to 1,400 MPa, and cold drawn to a section reduction rate of 25 to 40%, the tensile strength is very high as 1,200 to 1,600 MPa, but forging is possible without cracking in the cold. It has also been found that the service life can be significantly improved.
- the chemical composition of the wire used in the method of the present invention 0.15 ⁇ 0.40wt% C, 1.5wt% or less Si, 0.30 ⁇ 2.0wt% Mn, P 0.03wt% or less, S 0.03wt% or less and other unavoidable impurities And balance based on the component system composed of Fe, and in some cases 0.05 to 2.0wt% Cr, 0.05 to 1.5wt% Mo, 0.01 to 0.10wt% Ti, 0.0003 to 0.0050wt% B and 0.01 to At least one component of 0.05 wt% Al may be added, and the reason for limiting each component range is as follows.
- C is the most important element added to increase the strength at the time of hardening.
- hardening effect by hardening heat treatment cannot be expected at less than 0.15 wt%, and when it exceeds 0.40 wt%, toughness is caused by precipitation of a large amount of carbide. This decreases and the deformation resistance is increased to cause cracks and a decrease in tool life during cold pressing.
- Si is an element injected for deoxidation in steel, and its strength is improved by solid solution strengthening, but when its content exceeds 1.5wt%, toughness decreases, which increases deformation resistance during cold rolling, thereby reducing cracking and tool life.
- Mn is a solid solution hardening element and is an element for compensating for the decrease in strength in low C and Si addition steels in order to avoid an increase in deformation resistance that may occur when C and Si are excessively added. Therefore, in order to expect the above effect, at least 0.30wt% of addition is required, but when added in excess, the toughness and deformation resistance are increased so that the amount of addition should not exceed 2.0wt%.
- Cr is an element added to improve strength, quenching hardness and toughness, and the effect of improving the above characteristics is less than 0.05 wt%, and Cr is relatively expensive, and thus economical efficiency is lowered when it exceeds 2.0 wt%.
- the lower limit is made 0.05 wt% and the upper limit is made 2.0 wt%.
- Mo is almost the same as the effect of the addition of Cr, the effect is less than less than 0.05wt%, If the excess exceeds 1.5wt% deformation resistance for cold processing is increased so that the addition amount does not exceed 1.5wt%.
- B is an element that improves hardenability, and the effect of addition is unclear at less than 0.0003 wt%, but rather lowered at more than 0.0050 wt%.
- Ti also coexists with B to increase the quenching strength, but is effective for the grain refinement of austenite. However, when the amount is less than 0.01 wt%, the effect is insufficient. When the amount exceeds 0.10 wt%, the inclusions increase, which lowers various required physical properties.
- Al combines with nitrogen to inhibit austenite grain growth.
- a large amount is contained, a large amount of aluminum oxide-based inclusions are generated, thereby reducing ductility. Therefore, in order to achieve the object of the present invention, 0.01 to 0.05wt% range is preferable.
- P and S are unavoidable impurity elements of steel, which segregate at the grain boundaries during tempering, lower the impact toughness, and lower the strain rate during cold working. Therefore, the content of P and S must be limited so as not to exceed 0.030 wt%.
- Method for producing a high strength cold forging steel wire of the present invention Cold drawing wire rods containing 0.15 to 0.40wt% C, 1.5wt% or less Si, 0.30 to 2.0wt% Mn, P 0.03wt% or less, S 0.03wt% or less and inevitable impurities and residual Fe Rapid heating of the cold drawn wire rod in a series of high frequency induction heating apparatus above the Ac3 transformation point for 30 to 90 seconds and maintaining the heating state; quenching the heated wire rod with water or oil, 500 Tempering for 30 to 90 seconds, including heating and holding time up to a transition point of °C to A1, cooling the heated wire rod again to obtain a wire rod having a tensile strength in the range of 1,100 to 1,400 MPa, and wire rod 25 Cold drawing is performed at a cross-sectional reduction rate of ⁇ 40% to obtain a tensile strength of 1,200 to 1,600 MPa.
- the reason why the tensile strength obtained after quenching / tempering is limited to the range of 1,100 to 1,400 MPa is When drawn and tempered steel wire is drawn at a reduction rate of 25 to 40%, it is to ensure the tensile strength of 1,200 to 1,600 MPa of the desired final product.
- Characteristic technical features of the present invention is " Drawn / tempered steel wire at 25-40% reduction rate, which is the result obtained by the present inventors through numerous tests while changing the drawing conditions for the steel composition of the present invention, which is the reduction reduction rate of FIG. It is confirmed through the graph of the measurement result of strain resistance energy (J / m3) according to (%).
- the tensile strength of 1,300 MPa or more was not commercialized because not only cold forging was possible, but also the mold life was remarkably low, but in the case of the steel wire obtained through the method of the present invention, the tensile strength was 1,600 MPa. As it is possible to stably cold forge and extend the life of the mold, it is expected to greatly reduce the greenhouse gas emissions as well as the innovative light weight as an automotive parts material.
- Table 1 Chemical composition of the steel used in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in Table 1 below, the hot rolled wire rod diameter of 18mm was drawn from the cold to 16mm in diameter.
- the cold drawn wire was rapidly heated and maintained for 30 seconds to 90 seconds above the Ac3 transformation point using a high frequency induction heating device connected in a series of processes, and then quenched with water or oil. Subsequently, tempering was performed for 30 seconds to 90 seconds at 500 ° C to A1 transformation point to prepare a wire having a tensile strength in the range of 1,100 to 1,400 MPa.
- the wire was cold drawn again with a 25-40% cross-sectional reduction rate to produce a final example steel wire having a tensile strength of 1,200 to 1600 MPa.
- the wire was subjected to the tensile strength test on the steel wire manufactured through such a process.
- As the specimen 6.25 mm standard specimen of ASTM E8 was used.
- For the compression test a specimen of 10mm diameter x 15mm height was used and a 100 ton dedicated compression tester was used. The strain resistance energy at this time was calculated by calculating the true stress-strain curve and the graph area up to strain 0.9. .
- the bolt M10 with a flange was forged and the life time until the mold was broken was evaluated. At this time, the life expectancy of the mold was set at least 50,000 strokes in consideration of economical efficiency.
- the steel wire with a tensile strength of 1,200 MPa or more is much less than 50,000 strokes.
- Table 2 below shows the tensile life test, the compression test and the final life of the final product steel wires for the specimens of Examples and Examples obtained through the heat treatment process and cold drawing as described above for the specimens of the composition as shown in Table 1 above. The result is.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 강선은 Cr 0.05 ~ 2.0wt%, Mo 0.05 ~ 1.5wt%, Ti 0.01 ~ 0.10wt%, B 0.0003 ~ 0.0050wt%, Al 0.01 ~ 0.05wt% 중의 적어도 어느 한 성분 이상이 부가적으로 첨가되어 조성됨을 특징으로 하는 금형수명이 개선된 고강도 냉간단조용 강선.
- C 0.15 ~ 0.40wt%, Si 1.5wt% 이하, Mn 0.30 ~ 2.0wt%, P 0.03wt% 이하, S 0.03wt%이하가 함유되고 잔부가 Fe와 기타 불가피한 불순물로 이루어진 와이어 로드를 냉간 인발하는 단계;냉간 인발된 와이어 로드를 일련의 고주파 유도가열장치 중에서 30∼90초 동안 Ac3 변태점 이상으로 급속가열하고 그 가열상태를 유지하는 단계;가열 상태의 와이어 로드를 물이나 기름에 의해 급냉하는 단계;500℃∼A1 변태점까지 가열 및 유지시간 포함하여30∼90초 동안 템퍼링을 실시하는 단계;가열 상태의 와이어 로드를 다시 수냉하여 인장강도가 1,100 ∼ 1,400MPa 범위인 와이어 로드를 얻는 단계; 및와이어 로드를 25∼40%의 단면감소율로 냉간인발하여 인장강도가 1,200 ∼ 1,600MPa가 되도록 하는 단계로 이루어짐을 특징으로 하는 금형수명이 개선된 고강도 냉간단조용 강선의 제조방법.
- 제3항에 있어서, 상기 강선은 Cr 0.05 ~ 2.0wt%, Mo 0.05 ~ 1.5wt%, Ti 0.01 ~ 0.10wt%, B 0.0003 ~ 0.0050wt%, Al 0.01 ~ 0.05wt% 중의 적어도 어느 한 성분 이상이 부가적으로 첨가되어 조성됨을 특징으로 하는 금형수명이 개선된 고강도 냉간단조용 강선의 제조방법.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP11864128.1A EP2722113B1 (en) | 2011-06-02 | 2011-11-02 | High-strength steel wire having improved mold life for cold forming and method for manufacturing same |
JP2013518287A JP5647344B2 (ja) | 2011-06-02 | 2011-11-02 | 金型寿命が改善された高強度冷間鍛造用鋼線の製造方法 |
US13/704,995 US9206489B2 (en) | 2011-06-02 | 2011-11-02 | Steel wire with high strength for cold forging to improve service life of mold and method of manufacturing the same |
CN2011800241642A CN102971095A (zh) | 2011-06-02 | 2011-11-02 | 用于冷锻以提高模具使用寿命的高强度钢线及其制造方法 |
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KR10-2011-0053483 | 2011-06-02 | ||
KR1020110053483A KR20120134534A (ko) | 2011-06-02 | 2011-06-02 | 금형수명이 개선된 고강도 냉간단조용 강선 및 그 제조방법 |
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WO2012165729A1 true WO2012165729A1 (ko) | 2012-12-06 |
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PCT/KR2011/008297 WO2012165729A1 (ko) | 2011-06-02 | 2011-11-02 | 금형수명이 개선된 고강도 냉간단조용 강선 및 그 제조방법 |
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US (1) | US9206489B2 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP2722113B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP5647344B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR20120134534A (ko) |
CN (1) | CN102971095A (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2012165729A1 (ko) |
Cited By (2)
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CN104178618A (zh) * | 2014-08-17 | 2014-12-03 | 成都亨通兆业精密机械有限公司 | 一种有利于螺钉质量的热处理方法 |
CN104178619A (zh) * | 2014-08-17 | 2014-12-03 | 成都亨通兆业精密机械有限公司 | 一种有利于螺钉抗冲击韧性能力的热处理方法 |
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KR101529180B1 (ko) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-06-16 | 현대제철 주식회사 | 강재 및 이를 이용한 강 제품 제조 방법 |
JP2016014169A (ja) * | 2014-07-01 | 2016-01-28 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 鋼線用線材および鋼線 |
KR101449511B1 (ko) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-10-13 | 한국기계연구원 | 가공 경화형 항복비 제어강 및 그 제조방법 |
CN104561489B (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-10-12 | 西安交通大学 | 一种径向锻造应变诱发法制备钢铁半固态坯料的工艺 |
KR102256373B1 (ko) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-05-27 | 주식회사 포스코 | 고온연화저항성이 우수한 강재 및 그 제조방법 |
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JP2013531737A (ja) | 2013-08-08 |
CN102971095A (zh) | 2013-03-13 |
EP2722113A1 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
JP5647344B2 (ja) | 2014-12-24 |
KR20120134534A (ko) | 2012-12-12 |
US20130087256A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
EP2722113B1 (en) | 2018-07-18 |
US9206489B2 (en) | 2015-12-08 |
EP2722113A4 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
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