WO2012156565A1 - Injectable preparation of melatonin - Google Patents

Injectable preparation of melatonin Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012156565A1
WO2012156565A1 PCT/ES2012/070349 ES2012070349W WO2012156565A1 WO 2012156565 A1 WO2012156565 A1 WO 2012156565A1 ES 2012070349 W ES2012070349 W ES 2012070349W WO 2012156565 A1 WO2012156565 A1 WO 2012156565A1
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Prior art keywords
treatment
melatonin
composition
composition according
propylene glycol
Prior art date
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PCT/ES2012/070349
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pablo BUENO LARAÑO
Alfonso MANSILLA ROSELLÓ
José Antonio FERRÓN ORIHUELA
José Jorge HERNÁNDEZ MAGADALENA
Miguel Ángel CALLEJA HERNÁNDEZ
Desirée GONZÁLEZ CALLEJAS
Ana Comino Pardo
Carmen OLMEDO MARTÍN
Darío ACUÑA CASTROVIEJO
Germaine Escames Rosa
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Universidad De Granada
Servicio Andaluz De Salud
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Publication of WO2012156565A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012156565A1/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/403Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
    • A61K31/404Indoles, e.g. pindolol
    • A61K31/4045Indole-alkylamines; Amides thereof, e.g. serotonin, melatonin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/10Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner

Definitions

  • the present invention is within the field of medicine and pharmacy, and refers to an injectable melatonin composition that exhibits greater stability.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of said composition as a medicament and its use in the treatment of various conditions, such as for example sepsis in adults.
  • Melatonin N-acetyl-5-methoxy-triptamine
  • pineal gland ⁇ cerebri epiphysis an endogenous neurohormone produced by the pineal gland ⁇ cerebri epiphysis physiologically. Its secretion rhythm follows a circardian rhythm related to the light-dark cycle, and plays a fundamental role in the induction of sleep.
  • melatonin plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the inflammatory response, since it acts as a powerful scavenge or scavenger of free oxygen radicals generated, for example, during Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) , myocardial infarction, mitochondrial damage, surgery, pulmonary edema, and in renal or hepatic failure.It is believed to activate antioxidant enzyme chains (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathionereductase), decrease the total number of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes and serum levels of manoldialdehyde (Gitto et al., 2004.
  • SIRS Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
  • the vehicle used for the administration of melatonin is a mixture of water, propylene glycol (PPG) and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) - 2: 1: 1.
  • PPG propylene glycol
  • NMP 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • NMP a widely used solvent, seems in this case essential to solubilize water-insoluble melatonin.
  • the use of NMP as a pharmaceutical vehicle is now posing problems due to its reproductive toxicity.
  • aqueous melatonin composition that possesses surprising stability and allows high concentrations of this water insoluble active ingredient.
  • the properties of this composition make it useful as an injection, for example, for intravenous administration.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a pharmaceutically acceptable injectable composition (composition of the invention) comprising water, propylene glycol and melatonin, a derivative, a salt, a prodrug, or a solvate thereof, characterized in that it does not It contains no other solvent, co-solvent or dispersing agent.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to the use of the composition of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament.
  • a third aspect of the invention relates to the composition of the invention for use as a medicament.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention relates to the use of the composition of the invention in the preparation of a medicament for the regulation of circardial rhythm, the regulation of the inflammatory response, the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), the treatment of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), treatment of sepsis in neonates, treatment of sepsis in adults, treatment of myocardial infarctions, treatment of mitochondrial damage, treatment of pulmonary edema, treatment of a failure renal or hepatic, or the treatment of the oxidative stress situation generated during surgery, and particularly during abdominal surgery.
  • SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome
  • MODS multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
  • the present invention relates to a method for the regulation of the circadian rhythm, the regulation of the inflammatory response, the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), the treatment of multiple organic dysfunction syndrome (MODS), the treatment of sepsis in neonates, treatment of myocardial infarctions, treatment of mitochondrial damage, treatment of pulmonary edema, treatment of renal or hepatic failure, or treatment of oxidative stress caused by surgery, a method that it comprises administering to a patient in need of said treatment or regulation a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of the invention.
  • SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome
  • MODS multiple organic dysfunction syndrome
  • the present invention relates to the composition of the invention for use in the regulation of circardial rhythm, the regulation of the inflammatory response, the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), the treatment of multiple organic dysfunction syndrome (MODS), the treatment of sepsis in neonates, the treatment of myocardial infarctions, the treatment of mitochondrial damage, the treatment of pulmonary edema, the treatment of a renal or hepatic failure, or the treatment of oxidative stress caused by surgery.
  • SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome
  • MODS multiple organic dysfunction syndrome
  • compositions of the invention are prepared using standard methods such as those described or referred to in the Spanish and US Pharmacopoeias and similar reference texts.
  • a fifth aspect is directed to the preparation of the composition of the invention, which comprises mixing water, propylene glycol and melatonin, or a derivative, a salt, a prodrug, or a solvate thereof.
  • a sixth aspect of the invention is the use of melatonin, its salts, prodrugs, derivatives or solvates in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of sepsis in adults, for the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in adults or for the treatment of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in adults.
  • SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome
  • MODS multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
  • the The present invention also relates to a method for the treatment of sepsis in adults, for the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in adults or for the treatment of multiple organic dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in adults which comprises administering to a adult patient who needs such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of melatonin, that is, melatonin, its salts, prodrugs, derivatives or solvates, for use in the treatment of sepsis in adults, for the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( SIRS) in adults or for the treatment of multiple organic dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in adults.
  • SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome
  • MODS multiple organic dysfunction syndrome
  • the composition comprises between 50% and 95% v / v of water, and between 5% and 50% v / v of propylene glycol, measured in relation to the total volume of the solution.
  • the proportion of PPG is between 10% and 30% v / v, more particularly between 20% and 30% v / v, more particularly between 23% and 28%, more particularly between 24% and 26%, more particularly around 25% v / v, where volumes are measured in relation to the total volume of the composition.
  • one embodiment of the invention relates to a composition
  • a composition comprising between 20% and 30% v / v of PPG, between 70% and 80% v / v of water and between 5 and 50 mg of melatonin per ml of composition, or between 7 and 20 mg / ml of composition, more particularly between 8 and 12 mg / ml of composition, more particularly about 10 mg / ml of composition.
  • the composition may also comprise other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • excipients that can be used in the injectable composition of the composition include antimicrobial preservatives, such as methylparaben, propylparaben; antioxidants, such as sodium metabisulfite, propyl gallate; stabilizing and suspending agents, such as soluble or swellable modified celluloses, for example sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Aquasorb, Blanose, Nymcel); tonicity agents, such as sodium chloride; or solubilizers, such as propylene glycol or polyethylene glycols.
  • antimicrobial preservatives such as methylparaben, propylparaben
  • antioxidants such as sodium metabisulfite, propyl gallate
  • stabilizing and suspending agents such as soluble or swellable modified celluloses, for example sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Aquasorb, Blanose, Nymcel); tonicity agents, such as sodium chloride; or solubilizers, such as propylene glyco
  • excipients must be within the limits of the definition of the invention and therefore do not include solvents, co-solvents or dispersing agents other than water and PPG.
  • solvents, co-solvents or dispersing agents can consult in reference books such as the "Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients", sixth eddition, Rowe, R. C; Sheskey, PJ; Quinn, ME, Ed. PhP; or "Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy", 21 st Ed .; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Typical solvents and cosolvents in injectable formulations are, for example NMP, alcohols with one to eighteen carbon atoms, such as ethanol or ter-butanol, aryl alcohols, such as benzyl alcohol, pyridinium salts, glycerin and stearates. thereof, such as glycerin monostearate, polymers such as hypromellose, polyoxyalkyl ethers (for example, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene or poloxamer), pyrrolidone.
  • a "pharmaceutically acceptable" composition or component thereof indicates that they are physiologically tolerable and whose administration carries a low risk of allergies, side effects, adverse events or other similar reactions, such as gastric disorders, dizziness. and the like, when administered to a human being.
  • the term "pharmaceutically acceptable” means that it has been approved by a state or federal government regulatory agency or is listed in the US Pharmacopoeia or other pharmacopoeia generally recognized for use in animals. and more particularly in humans. Therefore, the composition of the invention is pyrogen free.
  • composition of the invention includes melatonin, as well as a derivative, a salt, a prodrug or a solvate thereof.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts are synthesized from melatonin by conventional chemical methods, generally by reacting it with an appropriate acid in water or in an organic solvent or in a mixture of both.
  • non-aqueous media such as ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol or acetonitrile are preferred.
  • acid addition salts include mineral acid addition salts such as, for example, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, iohydrate, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, and organic acid addition salts such as, for example, acetate, maleate. , fumarate, citrate, oxalate, succinate, tartrate, malate, mandelate, methanesulfonate and p-toluenesulfonate.
  • mineral acid addition salts such as, for example, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, iohydrate, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate
  • organic acid addition salts such as, for example, acetate, maleate. , fumarate, citrate, oxalate, succinate, tartrate, malate, mandelate, methanesulfonate and p-toluenesulfonate.
  • prodrug as used in this application is defined herein as meaning a chemical compound that has undergone a chemical derivation such as a substitution or addition of an additional chemical group to change (for pharmaceutical use) any of its physicochemical properties, such as solubility or bioavailability, for example ester, ether or amide derivatives of an active compound that provide the active compound itself upon administration to a subject.
  • a chemical derivation such as a substitution or addition of an additional chemical group to change (for pharmaceutical use) any of its physicochemical properties, such as solubility or bioavailability, for example ester, ether or amide derivatives of an active compound that provide the active compound itself upon administration to a subject.
  • solubility or bioavailability for example ester, ether or amide derivatives of an active compound that provide the active compound itself upon administration to a subject.
  • Particularly favored prodrugs are those that increase the bioavailability of the compounds of this invention when such compounds are administered to a patient (for example, allowing a compound administered orally to be more easily absorbed into the blood) or that improve the supply of the compound. original to a biological compartment (for example, the brain or lymphatic system) with respect to the original species.
  • solvate is to be understood as meaning any form of melatonin according to the invention that has another molecule (most likely a polar solvent) attached by means of a non-covalent bond.
  • examples of such solvates include hydrates and alcoholates, for example methanolates.
  • the preparation of salts, solvates and prodrugs can be carried out by methods known in the art. It will be appreciated that non-pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or prodrugs are also within the scope of the invention since they may be useful in the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or prodrugs.
  • melatonin derivatives are known in the state of the art, which are also included in the present invention. According to a particular embodiment, the melatonin derivative is defined according to formula (I), a s
  • n is an integer that is selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3 and 4;
  • Ri and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of CC 4 alkyl, linear or branched; Y
  • the composition of the invention is intravenously injectable.
  • a particular aspect includes the presence of a second medicament in the composition of the invention. Said second medicament may be part of the composition or may be provided as a separate composition for administration at the same time or at different times.
  • composition of the invention and therefore of melatonin, will depend on various factors such as the severity of the disorder being treated, sex, age, or the weight of the patient, among many others.
  • the composition of the invention can be administered one or more times per day for example 1, 2, 3 or 4 times a day, with typical total daily dosages in the range of from 0.1 to 1000 mg / kg / day.
  • the present invention is directed to the use of melatonin, its salts, prodrugs, derivatives or solvates in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of sepsis in adults, for the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in adults or for treatment of multiple organic dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in adults.
  • SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome
  • MODS multiple organic dysfunction syndrome
  • said use involves the administration of between 5 and 100 mg of melatonin every 24 hours.
  • the amount of melatonin administered to a patient is between 30 and 90 mg every 4 hours, preferably between 40 and 70.
  • between 55 and 75 mg of melatonin is administered every 24 hours. .
  • administration is performed by infusion.
  • melatonin, its salts, prodrugs, derivatives or solvates is administered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 times a day until reaching the total daily dose indicated in the previous paragraph.
  • the administration is performed 1, 2 or 3 times a day, preferably once a day.
  • the treatment period may vary according to the evolution of the patient, and normally lasts between 1 and 30 days, preferably between 3 and 10 days.
  • said sepsis in adults is severe sepsis.
  • SIRS is a generalized inflammatory response of a variety of clinical insults severe According to the definition agreed by the "American College of Chest Physicians / Society of Critical Care Medicine", this syndrome is clinically recognized by the presence of 2 or more of the following symptoms (i) to (iv): (i) Temperature> 38 ° C or ⁇ 36 ° C.
  • hypoperfusion may be included but not limited to lactic acidosis (lactic acid> 3 mmol / l), oliguria (diuresis ⁇ 30 ml / h for 3 hours or 700 ml in 24 hours), coagulopathy (prolonged prothrombin time or plaquetopenia less than 100,000 / ml), or acute alteration in mental state (agitation, obnubilation).
  • lactic acidosis lactic acid> 3 mmol / l
  • oliguria diuresis ⁇ 30 ml / h for 3 hours or 700 ml in 24 hours
  • coagulopathy prolonged prothrombin time or plaquetopenia less than 100,000 / ml
  • acute alteration in mental state agitation, obnubilation
  • situations of oxidative stress can be determined by measuring hydrogen peroxide levels, or the response in the body of antioxidant enzyme activity (for example, by measuring antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase / catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) or malondialdehyde levels.
  • antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase / catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase
  • malondialdehyde levels for example, by measuring antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase / catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase
  • a decrease in these enzymes is indicative of the inadequate response to a situation of oxidative stress.
  • an adult is considered to be a patient with an age of 18 years or more.
  • a neonate is a patient between the ages of 0 and 27 days, a baby between 28 days and 23 months, a child from 24 months to 1 1 years, and a teenager from 12 to 12 17 years.
  • weight and dose this correlation is not always linear and must be identified for each group of patients.
  • treatment refers to the administration of a compound or formulation according to the invention to prevent, ameliorate or eliminate the disease or one or more symptoms associated with said disease.
  • Treatment also covers the prevention, improvement or elimination of the physiological sequelae of the disease.
  • compositions of the invention Melatonin for the solution for injection has been prepared at a concentration of 10 mg / ml in 25% propylene glycol, with pyrogen-free water in sufficient quantity (API).
  • the batch of injectables prepared was composed of 17 vials with Melatonin (10mg / ml) in Propylene Glycol (25%) API. Of the 17 vials, 9 of them were autoclaved (121 Q C for 20 min) and the remaining 8 were not. All vials were protected from light.
  • the stable solution for at least 7 days, both at room temperature and at 4 ° C.
  • Endotoxin limit 87.7 EU / ml. M.D.V: 1,754.
  • ⁇ cartridge 0.05-5 EU / ml. Lot cartridges: 3434160.
  • Cartridge calibration code 513337283560. Dilution: 1: 100
  • RESULT the analyzed sample has ⁇ 5UE / ml.
  • the calculated endotoxin limit is 87.7 EU / ml.
  • the remaining values obtained are in the percentage allowed.
  • A) Melatonin Group which receives 60mg / 24h intravenously in continuous infusion for 5 days.
  • C) Reference Group (n 20) composed of patients undergoing cholecystectomy, and whose data serve as a reference group.
  • Peripheral blood samples are taken on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 after surgery to proceed to assess the inflammatory, immunological and apoptosis response by determining by CBA technique ⁇ Cytometric Beads Arrays) that combines ELISA with flow cytometry of plasma cytokine levels (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF- ⁇ and IFN- ⁇ ), adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, ELAM -1), and apoptosis markers (caspase-3, Bcl-2), antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and lipid peroxidation index (malondialdehyde) are determined by spectrophotometry.
  • the levels of melatonin and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin are determined
  • INCLUSION CRITERIA Patients who are in a clinical condition of "severe sepsis" according to the diagnostic criteria of the "American College of Chest Physicians / Society of Critical Care Medicine” defined above, that is, patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome of Infectious etiology associated with organic dysfunction, hypoperfusion or hypotension, and which will be surgically operated.
  • EXCLUSION CRITERIA Age under 18, pregnancy, medical or surgical terminal illness, chronic liver or kidney failure, psychiatric illness under treatment or refusal to participate in the study.
  • PROTOCOL The sample size has been calculated based on accepting an alpha risk of 0.05 and a beta risk of 0.20 in a unilateral contrast. 20 patients are required in each study group to detect a minimum difference of 10% between groups, assuming that there are 3 study groups and a standard deviation of 7%.
  • ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE Determination of plasma cytokine levels (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a and IFN-g), slCAM-1 adhesion molecule, markers of apoptosis (sFas, FasL, sFasL), apoptosis proteins (caspase-3, Bcl-2, and PARP), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD), catalase glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) as well as levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) ) during days 0 (pre-surgical intervention and previous administration of melatonin or placebo) and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 after surgery and during the treatment of melatonin or placebo.
  • IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a and IFN-g slCAM-1 adhe
  • CLINICAL ASSESSMENT To assess the clinical evolution of the patients and the functional status of their organic systems in the days after the surgical intervention, the rating scale of the multiple organic dysfunction syndrome related to sepsis (SOFA) will be used every 24 hours during the study period.
  • SOFA multiple organic dysfunction syndrome related to sepsis
  • SAMPLE MANAGEMENT AND COLLECTION In the blood samples, the level of cytokines, adhesion molecules, markers and apoptosis proteins, antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde; the immediate marking and determination of cell apoptosis in leukocytes and lymphocytes after their isolation and separation in ficoll-hypaque and determinations are made biochemical parameters of organic functionality using an automatic Hitachi-912 analyzer (Roche). Melatonin plasma levels are also measured.

Abstract

The invention relates to a pharmaceutically acceptable injectable composition comprising water, propylene glycol and melatonin, a derivative, a salt, a pro-drug or a solvate of same, which contains no other solvent, co-solvent or dispersing agent.

Description

Preparación inyectable de melatonina  Melatonin injectable preparation
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN La presente invención se encuentra dentro del campo de la medicina y la farmacia, y se refiere a una composición inyectable de melatonina que presenta una mayor estabilidad. La presente invención también se refiere al uso de dicha composición como medicamento y a su uso en el tratamiento de diversas afecciones, como por ejemplo la sepsis en adultos. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is within the field of medicine and pharmacy, and refers to an injectable melatonin composition that exhibits greater stability. The present invention also relates to the use of said composition as a medicament and its use in the treatment of various conditions, such as for example sepsis in adults.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
La melatonina (N-acetyl-5-metoxi-triptamina) es una neurohormona endógena producida por la glándula pineal {epífisis cerebri) de manera fisiológica. Su ritmo de secreción sigue un ritmo circardiano relacionado con el ciclo luz- oscuridad, y juega un papel fundamental en la inducción del sueño. Además, se ha comprobado cómo la melatonina juega un papel fundamental en la regulación de la respuesta inflamatoria, ya que actúa como un potente "scavenge o barredor de radicales libres de oxígeno generados, por ejemplo, durante el Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica (SIRS), infartos de miocardio, daño mitocondrial, cirugía, edema pulmonar, y en el fallo renal o hepático. Se cree que activa cadenas enzimáticas antioxidantes (superoxido dismutasa, glutation peroxidasa, glutationreductasa), disminuye el número total de leucocitos polimorfonucleares circulantes y los niveles séricos de manoldialdehido (Gitto et al., 2004. J Pediatr Surg 39: 184), activa a los monocitos, NK y la producción de citoquinas, e inhibe la apoptosis (Mundigler et al., 2002. Crit Care Med 30(3):536-40). Se ha comprobado también cómo en los pacientes críticos con sepsis existe una alteración del ritmo circardiano de la melatonina, mientras que la secreción endógena de melatonina estaba conservada en los pacientes sin sepsis (Mundigler et al., 2002. Crit Care Med 30(3):536-40). Su utilidad terapéutica se ha demostrado en distintas patologías (Seabra et al., 2000. J Pineal Res, 29(4):193-200.). Así, se ha empleado con éxito en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Parkinson (Molina-Carballo et al., 1997. J Pineal Res 23(2):97-105), hiperpigmentación cutánea, y como regulador del ciclo sueño/vigilia en pacientes ingresados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (Mohán y Brunner, 2005. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. Oct;49(9):1397- 8). Su utilización por vía intravenosa en recién nacidos con sepsis produjo una disminución significativa de la mortalidad sin efectos secundarios (Gitto et al., 2004. J Pediatr Surg 39: 184). En este caso, la melatonina se administró vía intravenosa utilizando etanol:agua (1 :50). Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy-triptamine) is an endogenous neurohormone produced by the pineal gland {cerebri epiphysis) physiologically. Its secretion rhythm follows a circardian rhythm related to the light-dark cycle, and plays a fundamental role in the induction of sleep. In addition, it has been proven how melatonin plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the inflammatory response, since it acts as a powerful scavenge or scavenger of free oxygen radicals generated, for example, during Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) , myocardial infarction, mitochondrial damage, surgery, pulmonary edema, and in renal or hepatic failure.It is believed to activate antioxidant enzyme chains (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathionereductase), decrease the total number of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes and serum levels of manoldialdehyde (Gitto et al., 2004. J Pediatr Surg 39: 184), activates monocytes, NK and cytokine production, and inhibits apoptosis (Mundigler et al., 2002. Crit Care Med 30 (3): 536-40) It has also been proven that in critically ill patients with sepsis there is an alteration of the circardial rhythm of melatonin, while the endogenous secretion of melatonin was a preserved in patients without sepsis (Mundigler et al., 2002. Crit Care Med 30 (3): 536-40). Its therapeutic utility has been demonstrated in different pathologies (Seabra et al., 2000. J Pineal Res, 29 (4): 193-200.). Thus, it has been used successfully in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (Molina-Carballo et al., 1997. J Pineal Res 23 (2): 97-105), cutaneous hyperpigmentation, and as a regulator of the sleep / wake cycle in patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (Mohán and Brunner, 2005. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. Oct; 49 (9): 1397-8). Its intravenous use in newborns with sepsis produced a significant decrease in mortality without side effects (Gitto et al., 2004. J Pediatr Surg 39: 184). In this case, melatonin was administered intravenously using ethanol: water (1: 50).
Igualmente ha demostrado tener efecto cardioprotector tras un infarto agudo de miocardio (Kücükakin et al., 2008. J Pineal Res May;44(4):426-31 ). Se ha demostrado su capacidad para atenuar la respuesta inflamatoria y el estrés oxidativo provocado por la agresión del acto quirúrgico, así como su seguridad, eficacia y ausencia de efectos secundarios al ser administrada en distintas dosis por vía intravenosa (Kücükakin et al, 2009. J Surg Res 152 (2): 338-347, Naguib et al., 2001 . British J Anaesth 90:504-7). En esta última referencia el vehículo utilizado para la administración de melatonina es una mezcla de agua, propilenglicol (PPG) y 1 -metil-2-pirrolidona (NMP) - 2:1 :1 . El NMP, un solvente ampliamente utilizado, parece en este caso esencial para solubilizar la melatonina, insoluble en agua. Sin embargo, el uso de NMP como vehículo farmacéutico está planteando ahora problemas debido a su toxicidad reproductiva. It has also been shown to have a cardioprotective effect after an acute myocardial infarction (Kücükakin et al., 2008. J Pineal Res May; 44 (4): 426-31). It has been demonstrated its ability to attenuate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress caused by the aggression of the surgical act, as well as its safety, efficacy and absence of side effects when administered in different doses intravenously (Kücükakin et al, 2009. J Surg Res 152 (2): 338-347, Naguib et al., 2001. British J Anaesth 90: 504-7). In this last reference the vehicle used for the administration of melatonin is a mixture of water, propylene glycol (PPG) and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) - 2: 1: 1. NMP, a widely used solvent, seems in this case essential to solubilize water-insoluble melatonin. However, the use of NMP as a pharmaceutical vehicle is now posing problems due to its reproductive toxicity.
Por tanto, a la vista de los resultados y de las evidencias científicas sobre el efecto, eficacia y seguridad de la administración de melatonina, resulta necesaria la elaboración de composiciones de melatonina mejoradas, que por ejemplo, sean estables y permitan su almacenamiento, o admitan altas concentraciones de melatonina. BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LA INVENCION Therefore, in view of the results and scientific evidence on the effect, efficacy and safety of the administration of melatonin, it is necessary to prepare improved melatonin compositions, which, for example, are stable and allow storage, or admit high concentrations of melatonin. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Los autores de la presente invención han desarrollado una composición acuosa de melatonina que posee una sorprendente estabilidad y permite altas concentraciones de este principio activo insoluble en agua. Las propiedades de esta composición la hacen útil como inyectable, por ejemplo, para su administración intravenosa. The authors of the present invention have developed an aqueous melatonin composition that possesses surprising stability and allows high concentrations of this water insoluble active ingredient. The properties of this composition make it useful as an injection, for example, for intravenous administration.
Por tanto, un primer aspecto de la invención se refiere a una composición inyectable farmacéuticamente aceptable (composición de la invención) que comprende agua, propilenglicol y melatonina, un derivado, una sal, un profármaco, o un solvato de la misma, caracterizada porque no contiene ningún otro disolvente, co-disolvente o agente dispersante. Un segundo aspecto de la invención se refiere al uso de la composición de la invención en la elaboración de un medicamento. Therefore, a first aspect of the invention relates to a pharmaceutically acceptable injectable composition (composition of the invention) comprising water, propylene glycol and melatonin, a derivative, a salt, a prodrug, or a solvate thereof, characterized in that it does not It contains no other solvent, co-solvent or dispersing agent. A second aspect of the invention relates to the use of the composition of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament.
Un tercer aspecto de la invención se refiere a la composición de la invención para su uso como medicamento. A third aspect of the invention relates to the composition of the invention for use as a medicament.
Un cuarto aspecto de la invención se refiere al uso de la composición de la invención en la elaboración de un medicamento para la regulación del ritmo circardiano, la regulación de la respuesta inflamatoria, el tratamiento del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS), el tratamiento del síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple (MODS), el tratamiento de la sepsis en neonatos, el tratamiento de la sepsis en adultos, el tratamiento de infartos de miocardio, el tratamiento de daño mitocondrial, el tratamiento de edema pulmonar, el tratamiento de un fallo renal o hepático, o el tratamiento de la situación de estrés oxidativo generado durante la cirugía, y particularmente durante la cirugía abdominal. Por tanto, la presente invención se refiere a un método para la regulación del ritmo circadiano, la regulación de la respuesta inflamatoria, el tratamiento del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS), el tratamiento del síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple (MODS), el tratamiento de la sepsis en neonatos, el tratamiento de infartos de miocardio, el tratamiento de daño mitocondrial, el tratamiento de edema pulmonar, el tratamiento de un fallo renal o hepático, o el tratamiento de la situación de estrés oxidativo provocado por cirugía, método que comprende administrar a un paciente que necesita dicho tratamiento o regulación una cantidad terapéuticamente eficaz de la composición de la invención. A fourth aspect of the invention relates to the use of the composition of the invention in the preparation of a medicament for the regulation of circardial rhythm, the regulation of the inflammatory response, the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), the treatment of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), treatment of sepsis in neonates, treatment of sepsis in adults, treatment of myocardial infarctions, treatment of mitochondrial damage, treatment of pulmonary edema, treatment of a failure renal or hepatic, or the treatment of the oxidative stress situation generated during surgery, and particularly during abdominal surgery. Therefore, the present invention relates to a method for the regulation of the circadian rhythm, the regulation of the inflammatory response, the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), the treatment of multiple organic dysfunction syndrome (MODS), the treatment of sepsis in neonates, treatment of myocardial infarctions, treatment of mitochondrial damage, treatment of pulmonary edema, treatment of renal or hepatic failure, or treatment of oxidative stress caused by surgery, a method that it comprises administering to a patient in need of said treatment or regulation a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of the invention.
Igualmente, la presente invención se refiere a la composición de la invención para su uso en la regulación del ritmo circardiano, la regulación de la respuesta inflamatoria, el tratamiento del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS), el tratamiento del síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple (MODS), el tratamiento de la sepsis en neonatos, el tratamiento de infartos de miocardio, el tratamiento de daño mitocondrial, el tratamiento de edema pulmonar, el tratamiento de un fallo renal o hepático, o el tratamiento del estrés oxidativo provocado por cirugía. Likewise, the present invention relates to the composition of the invention for use in the regulation of circardial rhythm, the regulation of the inflammatory response, the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), the treatment of multiple organic dysfunction syndrome (MODS), the treatment of sepsis in neonates, the treatment of myocardial infarctions, the treatment of mitochondrial damage, the treatment of pulmonary edema, the treatment of a renal or hepatic failure, or the treatment of oxidative stress caused by surgery.
Las composiciones de la invención se preparan usando métodos habituales tales como aquéllos descritos o a los que se hace referencia en las Farmacopeas Española y Estadounidense y textos de referencia similares. Un quinto aspecto se dirige a la preparación de la composición de la invención, que comprende mezclar agua, propilenglicol y melatonina, o un derivado, una sal, un profármaco, o un solvato de la misma. The compositions of the invention are prepared using standard methods such as those described or referred to in the Spanish and US Pharmacopoeias and similar reference texts. A fifth aspect is directed to the preparation of the composition of the invention, which comprises mixing water, propylene glycol and melatonin, or a derivative, a salt, a prodrug, or a solvate thereof.
Un sexto aspecto de la invención es el uso de la melatonina, sus sales, profármacos, derivados o solvatos en la preparación de un medicamento para el tratamiento de sepsis en adultos, para el tratamiento del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS) en adultos o para el tratamiento del síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple (MODS) en adultos. Por tanto, la presente invención se refiere también a un método para el tratamiento de sepsis en adultos, para el tratamiento del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS) en adultos o para el tratamiento del síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple (MODS) en adultos que comprende administrar a un paciente adulto que necesita dicho tratamiento una cantidad terapéuticamente eficaz de melatonina, es decir, a la melatonina, sus sales, profármacos, derivados o solvatos, para su uso para el tratamiento de sepsis en adultos, para el tratamiento del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS) en adultos o para el tratamiento del síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple (MODS) en adultos. A sixth aspect of the invention is the use of melatonin, its salts, prodrugs, derivatives or solvates in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of sepsis in adults, for the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in adults or for the treatment of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in adults. Therefore, the The present invention also relates to a method for the treatment of sepsis in adults, for the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in adults or for the treatment of multiple organic dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in adults which comprises administering to a adult patient who needs such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of melatonin, that is, melatonin, its salts, prodrugs, derivatives or solvates, for use in the treatment of sepsis in adults, for the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( SIRS) in adults or for the treatment of multiple organic dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in adults.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Los autores han descubierto que el propilenglicol (PPG) por sí solo es sorprendentemente eficaz en la solubilización de la melatonina. Por el contario, en el estado de la técnica la solubilización de la melatonina requería el uso de codisolventes, muchos de ellos potencialmente tóxicos, como el etanol o la N- metil-2-pirrolidona (NMP). De acuerdo con una realización particular, la composición comprende entre un 50% y un 95% v/v de agua, y entre un 5% y un 50% v/v de propilenglicol, medidos en relación al volumen total de la disolución. En una realización particular la proporción de PPG es de entre 10% y 30% v/v, más particularmente entre 20% y 30% v/v, más particularmente de entre 23% y el 28%, más particularmente de entre 24% y el 26%, más particularmente alrededor de un 25% v/v, en donde los volúmenes se miden en relación al volumen total de la composición. The authors have discovered that propylene glycol (PPG) alone is surprisingly effective in solubilizing melatonin. On the contrary, in the state of the art the solubilization of melatonin required the use of co-solvents, many of them potentially toxic, such as ethanol or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). According to a particular embodiment, the composition comprises between 50% and 95% v / v of water, and between 5% and 50% v / v of propylene glycol, measured in relation to the total volume of the solution. In a particular embodiment the proportion of PPG is between 10% and 30% v / v, more particularly between 20% and 30% v / v, more particularly between 23% and 28%, more particularly between 24% and 26%, more particularly around 25% v / v, where volumes are measured in relation to the total volume of the composition.
La composición de la invención permite cargas sorprendentemente elevadas de melatonina, al tiempo que resultan estables. Así, en otra realización particular de la invención, la concentración de melatonina es superior a 5 mg/ml de composición. En otra realización particular, la concentración de melatonina se encuentra entre 5 y 50 mg/ml de composición, más particularmente entre 7 y 20 mg/ml de composición, más particularmente entre 8 y 12 mg/ml de composición, más particularmente alrededor de 10 mg/ml de composición. Estas concentraciones permiten la administración en adultos de altas cantidades de melatonina sin riesgo de intoxicación por alguno de los excipientes presentes. The composition of the invention allows surprisingly high loads of melatonin, while being stable. Thus, in another particular embodiment of the invention, the concentration of melatonin is greater than 5 mg / ml of composition. In another particular embodiment, the concentration of melatonin is it finds between 5 and 50 mg / ml of composition, more particularly between 7 and 20 mg / ml of composition, more particularly between 8 and 12 mg / ml of composition, more particularly about 10 mg / ml of composition. These concentrations allow the administration in adults of high amounts of melatonin without risk of intoxication by any of the excipients present.
Se ha encontrado por tanto que concentraciones relativamente bajas de PPG también permite solubilizar significativamente la melatonina, reduciéndose así el riesgo irritación o dolor que como efecto secundario pueden acompañar a la administración de PPG en altas concentraciones. Así, una realización de la invención se refiere a una composición que comprende entre un 20% y 30% v/v de PPG, entre un 70% y 80% v/v de agua y entre 5 y 50 mg de melatonina por mi de composición, o entre 7 y 20 mg/ml de composición, más particularmente entre 8 y 12 mg/ml de composición, más particularmente alrededor de 10 mg/ml de composición. It has therefore been found that relatively low concentrations of PPG also allows melatonin to be solubilized significantly, thus reducing the risk of irritation or pain that as a side effect may accompany the administration of PPG in high concentrations. Thus, one embodiment of the invention relates to a composition comprising between 20% and 30% v / v of PPG, between 70% and 80% v / v of water and between 5 and 50 mg of melatonin per ml of composition, or between 7 and 20 mg / ml of composition, more particularly between 8 and 12 mg / ml of composition, more particularly about 10 mg / ml of composition.
Por ejemplo, debido a que es posible alcanzar altas concentraciones, es posible administrar altas dosis de melatonina sin administrar al mismo tiempo grandes cantidades de PPG, el cual en dosis muy elevadas, puede tener efectos tóxicos, y en cualquier caso reducen el riesgo de efectos secundarios. For example, because it is possible to reach high concentrations, it is possible to administer high doses of melatonin without at the same time administering large amounts of PPG, which in very high doses may have toxic effects, and in any case reduce the risk of effects. secondary.
La composición puede comprender también otros excipientes farmacéuticamente aceptables. De acuerdo con la definición de la EMEA, se considera excipiente cualquier componente en la composición distinto de un principio activo. Ejemplos de excipientes que se pueden utilizar en la composición inyectable de la composición incluyen conservantes antimicrobianos, tales como metilparabeno, propilparabeno; antioxidantes, tales como metabisulfito de sodio, galato de propilo; agentes estabilizantes y de suspensión, tales como celulosas modificadas solubles o hinchables, por ejemplo carboximetilcelulosa de sodio (Aquasorb, Blanose, Nymcel); agentes de tonicidad, tales como cloruro de sodio; o solubilizantes, tales como propilenglicol o polietilenglicoles. Estos excipientes deben encontrase en los límites de la definición de la invención y no incluyen por tanto disolventes, co- disolventes o agentes dispersantes distintos del agua y el PPG. El experto en la materia conoce los disolventes, codisolventes o agentes dispersantes, y puede consultar en libros de referencia como el "Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients", sixth eddition, Rowe, R. C; Sheskey, P. J.; Quinn, M. E., Ed. PhP; o "Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy", 21 st Ed.; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Disolventes y codisolventes típicos en las formulaciones inyectables son, por ejemplo el NMP, alcoholes con uno a dieciocho átomos de carbono, tales como el etanol o el ter-butanol, alcoholes arílicos, tal como el alcohol bencílico, sales de piridinio, glicerina y estearatos de la misma, tal como el monoestearato de glicerina, polímeros tales como la hipromelosa, éteres de polioxialquilinos (por ejemplo, polioxietileno, polioxipropileno o poloxámero), pirrolidona. The composition may also comprise other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. According to the EMEA definition, any component in the composition other than an active substance is considered excipient. Examples of excipients that can be used in the injectable composition of the composition include antimicrobial preservatives, such as methylparaben, propylparaben; antioxidants, such as sodium metabisulfite, propyl gallate; stabilizing and suspending agents, such as soluble or swellable modified celluloses, for example sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Aquasorb, Blanose, Nymcel); tonicity agents, such as sodium chloride; or solubilizers, such as propylene glycol or polyethylene glycols. These excipients must be within the limits of the definition of the invention and therefore do not include solvents, co-solvents or dispersing agents other than water and PPG. The person skilled in the art knows solvents, co-solvents or dispersing agents, and can consult in reference books such as the "Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients", sixth eddition, Rowe, R. C; Sheskey, PJ; Quinn, ME, Ed. PhP; or "Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy", 21 st Ed .; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Typical solvents and cosolvents in injectable formulations are, for example NMP, alcohols with one to eighteen carbon atoms, such as ethanol or ter-butanol, aryl alcohols, such as benzyl alcohol, pyridinium salts, glycerin and stearates. thereof, such as glycerin monostearate, polymers such as hypromellose, polyoxyalkyl ethers (for example, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene or poloxamer), pyrrolidone.
De acuerdo con la presente invención, una composición o un componente de la misma "farmacéuticamente aceptable" indica que son fisiológicamente tolerables y cuya administración conlleva un bajo riesgo de alergias, efectos secundarios, eventos adversos u otras reacciones similares, tal como trastornos gástricos, mareo y similares, cuando se administra a un ser humano. Preferiblemente, tal como se usa en el presente documento, la expresión "farmacéuticamente aceptable" significa que ha sido aprobado por una agencia reguladora del gobierno de estado o federal o que está enumerado en la Farmacopea Estadounidense u otra farmacopea generalmente reconocida para su uso en animales y más particularmente en seres humanos. Por tanto, la composición de la invención se encuentra libre de pirógenos. In accordance with the present invention, a "pharmaceutically acceptable" composition or component thereof indicates that they are physiologically tolerable and whose administration carries a low risk of allergies, side effects, adverse events or other similar reactions, such as gastric disorders, dizziness. and the like, when administered to a human being. Preferably, as used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable" means that it has been approved by a state or federal government regulatory agency or is listed in the US Pharmacopoeia or other pharmacopoeia generally recognized for use in animals. and more particularly in humans. Therefore, the composition of the invention is pyrogen free.
La composición de la invención incluye melatonina, así como un derivado, una sal, un profármaco o un solvato de la misma. Por ejemplo, sales farmacéuticamente aceptables se sintetizan a partir de la melatonina mediante métodos químicos convencionales, generalmente, haciéndola reaccionar con un ácido apropiado en agua o en un disolvente orgánico o en una mezcla de los dos. Generalmente, se prefieren medios no acuosos como éter, acetato de etilo, etanol, isopropanol o acetonitrilo. Los ejemplos de las sales de adición de ácido incluyen sales de adición de ácido mineral tales como, por ejemplo, clorhidrato, bromhidrato, yodhidrato, sulfato, nitrato, fosfato, y sales de adición de ácido orgánico tales como, por ejemplo, acetato, maleato, fumarato, citrato, oxalato, succinato, tartrato, malato, mandelato, metanosulfonato y p- toluenosulfonato. The composition of the invention includes melatonin, as well as a derivative, a salt, a prodrug or a solvate thereof. For example, pharmaceutically acceptable salts are synthesized from melatonin by conventional chemical methods, generally by reacting it with an appropriate acid in water or in an organic solvent or in a mixture of both. Generally, non-aqueous media such as ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol or acetonitrile are preferred. Examples of the acid addition salts include mineral acid addition salts such as, for example, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, iohydrate, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, and organic acid addition salts such as, for example, acetate, maleate. , fumarate, citrate, oxalate, succinate, tartrate, malate, mandelate, methanesulfonate and p-toluenesulfonate.
El término "profármaco" tal como se usa en esta solicitud se define en el presente documento como que significa un compuesto químico que ha experimentado una derivación química tal como una sustitución o adición de un grupo químico adicional para cambiar (para uso farmacéutico) cualquiera de sus propiedades fisicoquímicas, tales como la solubilidad o biodisponibilidad, por ejemplo derivados de éster, de éter o de amida de un compuesto activo que proporcionan el propio compuesto activo tras la administración a un sujeto. Los expertos en la técnica conocen ejemplos de métodos bien conocidos de producción de un profármaco de un compuesto activo dado y pueden encontrarse por ejemplo en Krogsgaard-Larsen et al., Textbook of Drug design and Discovery, Taylor & Francis (abril de 2002). The term "prodrug" as used in this application is defined herein as meaning a chemical compound that has undergone a chemical derivation such as a substitution or addition of an additional chemical group to change (for pharmaceutical use) any of its physicochemical properties, such as solubility or bioavailability, for example ester, ether or amide derivatives of an active compound that provide the active compound itself upon administration to a subject. Those skilled in the art know examples of well-known methods of producing a prodrug of a given active compound and can be found for example in Krogsgaard-Larsen et al., Textbook of Drug design and Discovery, Taylor & Francis (April 2002).
Profármacos particularmente favorecidos son aquéllos que aumentan la biodisponibilidad de los compuestos de esta invención cuando se administran tales compuestos a un paciente (por ejemplo, permitiendo que un compuesto administrado por vía oral se absorba más fácilmente en la sangre) o que mejoran el suministro del compuesto original a un compartimento biológico (por ejemplo, el cerebro o sistema linfático) con respecto a las especies originales. Particularly favored prodrugs are those that increase the bioavailability of the compounds of this invention when such compounds are administered to a patient (for example, allowing a compound administered orally to be more easily absorbed into the blood) or that improve the supply of the compound. original to a biological compartment (for example, the brain or lymphatic system) with respect to the original species.
El término "solvato" según esta invención ha de entenderse como que significa cualquier forma de melatonina según la invención que tiene otra molécula (lo más probablemente un disolvente polar) unido por medio de un enlace no covalente. Los ejemplos de tales solvatos incluyen hidratos y alcoholatos, por ejemplo metanolatos. La preparación de sales, solvatos y profármacos puede llevarse a cabo mediante métodos conocidos en la técnica. Se apreciará que sales, solvatos o profármacos no farmacéuticamente aceptables también se encuentran dentro del alcance de la invención puesto que aquéllos pueden ser útiles en la preparación de sales, solvatos o profármacos farmacéuticamente aceptables. The term "solvate" according to this invention is to be understood as meaning any form of melatonin according to the invention that has another molecule (most likely a polar solvent) attached by means of a non-covalent bond. Examples of such solvates include hydrates and alcoholates, for example methanolates. The preparation of salts, solvates and prodrugs can be carried out by methods known in the art. It will be appreciated that non-pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or prodrugs are also within the scope of the invention since they may be useful in the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or prodrugs.
En el estado de la técnica se conocen diversos derivados de la melatonina, los cuales también se incluyen en la presente invención. De acuerdo con una realización particular el derivado de melatonina se define de acuerdo con la fórmula (I), una s Various melatonin derivatives are known in the state of the art, which are also included in the present invention. According to a particular embodiment, the melatonin derivative is defined according to formula (I), a s
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000010_0001
Fórmula (I)  Formula (I)
en donde, where,
n es un número entero que se selecciona del grupo que consiste en 1 , 2, 3 y 4;  n is an integer that is selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3 and 4;
Ri y R3 se seleccionan independientemente del grupo que consiste en alquilo C C4, lineal o ramificado; y Ri and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of CC 4 alkyl, linear or branched; Y
R2 se selecciona del grupo que consiste en hidrógeno, alquilo CrC4, lineal o ramificado, -C(=O)O-Ra y -C(=O)-N(H)-Ra, en donde Ra es un grupo alquilo C C4, lineal o ramificado. R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear or branched CrC 4 alkyl, -C (= O) O-Ra and -C (= O) -N (H) -Ra, where Ra is a CC alkyl group 4 , linear or branched.
En una realización particular, la composición de la invención es inyectable por vía intravenosa. Un aspecto particular incluye la presencia de un segundo medicamento en la composición de la invención. Dicho segundo medicamento puede formar parte de la composición o puede proporcionarse como una composición separada para la administración al mismo tiempo o en momentos diferentes. In a particular embodiment, the composition of the invention is intravenously injectable. A particular aspect includes the presence of a second medicament in the composition of the invention. Said second medicament may be part of the composition or may be provided as a separate composition for administration at the same time or at different times.
Generalmente una "cantidad terapéuticamente eficaz" de la composición de la invención, y por tanto de melatonina, dependerá de diversos factores como la gravedad del trastorno que está tratándose, el sexo, la edad, o el peso del enfermo, entre otros muchos. Por ejemplo, la composición de la invención puede administrarse una o más veces por día por ejemplo 1 , 2, 3 ó 4 veces al día, con dosificaciones diarias totales típicas en el intervalo de desde 0,1 hasta 1000 mg/kg/día. Generally, a "therapeutically effective amount" of the composition of the invention, and therefore of melatonin, will depend on various factors such as the severity of the disorder being treated, sex, age, or the weight of the patient, among many others. For example, the composition of the invention can be administered one or more times per day for example 1, 2, 3 or 4 times a day, with typical total daily dosages in the range of from 0.1 to 1000 mg / kg / day.
La presente invención se dirige al uso de la melatonina, sus sales, profármacos, derivados o solvatos en la preparación de un medicamento para el tratamiento de sepsis en adultos, para el tratamiento del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS) en adultos o para el tratamiento del síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple (MODS) en adultos. En una realización particular, dicho uso implica la administración de entre 5 y 100 mg de melatonina cada 24 horas. En otra realización particular, la cantidad de melatonina administrada a un paciente está comprendida entre 30 y 90 mg cada 4 horas, preferiblemente, entre 40 y 70. En una realización particular, se administran al paciente entre 55 y 75 mg de melatonina cada 24 horas. The present invention is directed to the use of melatonin, its salts, prodrugs, derivatives or solvates in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of sepsis in adults, for the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in adults or for treatment of multiple organic dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in adults. In a particular embodiment, said use involves the administration of between 5 and 100 mg of melatonin every 24 hours. In another particular embodiment, the amount of melatonin administered to a patient is between 30 and 90 mg every 4 hours, preferably between 40 and 70. In a particular embodiment, between 55 and 75 mg of melatonin is administered every 24 hours. .
En una realización particular, la administración se realiza por perfusión. En otra realización, la melatonina, sus sales, profármacos, derivados o solvatos, se administra 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 ó 6 veces al día hasta alcanzar la dosis total diaria indicada en el párrafo anterior. En una realización particular la administración se realiza 1 , 2 ó 3 veces al día, preferiblemente una vez a día. El periodo de tratamiento puede variar de acuerdo con la evolución del paciente, y normalment dura entre 1 y 30 días, preferiblemente entre 3 y 10 días. In a particular embodiment, administration is performed by infusion. In another embodiment, melatonin, its salts, prodrugs, derivatives or solvates, is administered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 times a day until reaching the total daily dose indicated in the previous paragraph. In a particular embodiment the administration is performed 1, 2 or 3 times a day, preferably once a day. The treatment period may vary according to the evolution of the patient, and normally lasts between 1 and 30 days, preferably between 3 and 10 days.
En una realización particular, dicha sepsis en adultos es sepsis severa. El SIRS es una respuesta inflamatoria generalizada de una variedad de injurias clínicas severas. Según la definición acordada por la "American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine", este síndrome es reconocido clínicamente por la presencia de 2 o más de los siguientes síntomas (i) a (iv): (i) Temperatura >38°C o <36°C. In a particular embodiment, said sepsis in adults is severe sepsis. SIRS is a generalized inflammatory response of a variety of clinical insults severe According to the definition agreed by the "American College of Chest Physicians / Society of Critical Care Medicine", this syndrome is clinically recognized by the presence of 2 or more of the following symptoms (i) to (iv): (i) Temperature> 38 ° C or <36 ° C.
(ii) Frecuencia cardiaca >90 latidos/min.  (ii) Heart rate> 90 beats / min.
(iii) Frecuencia respiratoria >20 respiraciones/min o PaCO2 <32 immHg. (iii) Respiratory rate> 20 breaths / min or PaCO2 <32 immHg.
(iv) Recuento de glóbulos blancos >12.000 células/mm3, <4000 células/mm3, o >10 % de formas inmaduras (en banda). La sepsis corresponde a la SIRS debida a un foco claro infeccioso. Precisa para su diagnóstico de dos o más criterios de SIRS y la presencia de cuadro clínico evidente de infección o estudios microbiológicos (presencia de microorganismos patógenos en líquidos habitualmente estériles, más de 100.000 UFC/ml en orina o en cultivos cuantitativos de secreciones bronquiales). Por otro lado, la sepsis es considerada severa cuando está asociada con disfunción orgánica, hipoperfusión o hipotensión (< 90 mm Hg de tensión arterial sistólica). Las manifestaciones de hipoperfusión se pueden incluir pero no están limitadas a acidosis láctica (ácido láctico > 3 mmol/l), oliguria (diuresis < 30 ml/h durante 3 horas o 700 mi en 24 horas), coagulopatía (prolongación del tiempo de protrombina o plaquetopenia inferior a 100.000/ml), o alteración aguda en el estado mental (agitación, obnubilación). (iv) White blood cell count> 12,000 cells / mm3, <4000 cells / mm3, or> 10% immature forms (in band). Sepsis corresponds to SIRS due to a clear infectious focus. Precise for its diagnosis of two or more SIRS criteria and the presence of an obvious clinical picture of infection or microbiological studies (presence of pathogenic microorganisms in usually sterile liquids, more than 100,000 CFU / ml in urine or in quantitative cultures of bronchial secretions). On the other hand, sepsis is considered severe when it is associated with organic dysfunction, hypoperfusion or hypotension (<90 mm Hg of systolic blood pressure). The manifestations of hypoperfusion may be included but not limited to lactic acidosis (lactic acid> 3 mmol / l), oliguria (diuresis <30 ml / h for 3 hours or 700 ml in 24 hours), coagulopathy (prolonged prothrombin time or plaquetopenia less than 100,000 / ml), or acute alteration in mental state (agitation, obnubilation).
Los métodos para determinar situaciones de estrés oxidativo son conocidos por los expertos en la materia. Por ejemplo, situaciones de estrés oxidativo se pueden determinar midiendo los niveles de peróxido de hidrógeno, o la respuesta en el organismo de la actividad de enzimas antioxidantes (por ejemplo, midiendo las actividades enzimáticas antioxidantes como la superóxido dismutasa/ catalasa, glutatión peroxidasa y glutatión reductasa) o los niveles de malondialdehido. Un descenso de estas enzimas es indicativo de la respuesta inadecuada a una situación de estrés oxidativo. The methods for determining oxidative stress situations are known to those skilled in the art. For example, situations of oxidative stress can be determined by measuring hydrogen peroxide levels, or the response in the body of antioxidant enzyme activity (for example, by measuring antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase / catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) or malondialdehyde levels. A decrease in these enzymes is indicative of the inadequate response to a situation of oxidative stress.
En el contexto de la presente invención se considera que un adulto es un paciente con una edad de 18 años o más. Concretamente, se considera generalmente, que un neonato es un paciente con una edad entre 0 y 27 días, un bebé entre 28 días y 23 meses, un niño de los 24 meses a los 1 1 años, y un adolescente de los 12 a los 17 años. Aunque existe una correlación entre el peso y la dosis, dicha correlación no es siempre lineal y debe identificarse para cada grupo de pacientes. In the context of the present invention an adult is considered to be a patient with an age of 18 years or more. Specifically, it is generally considered that a neonate is a patient between the ages of 0 and 27 days, a baby between 28 days and 23 months, a child from 24 months to 1 1 years, and a teenager from 12 to 12 17 years. Although there is a correlation between weight and dose, this correlation is not always linear and must be identified for each group of patients.
El término "tratamiento" o "tratar" en el contexto de este documento se refiere a la administración de un compuesto o una formulación según la invención para prevenir, mejorar o eliminar la enfermedad o uno o más síntomas asociados con dicha enfermedad. "Tratamiento" también abarca la prevención, mejora o eliminación de las secuelas fisiológicas de la enfermedad. The term "treatment" or "treat" in the context of this document refers to the administration of a compound or formulation according to the invention to prevent, ameliorate or eliminate the disease or one or more symptoms associated with said disease. "Treatment" also covers the prevention, improvement or elimination of the physiological sequelae of the disease.
A lo largo de la descripción y las reivindicaciones la palabra "comprende" y sus variantes no pretenden excluir otras características técnicas, aditivos, componentes o pasos. Para los expertos en la materia, otros objetos, ventajas y características de la invención se desprenderán en parte de la descripción y en parte de la práctica de la invención. Los siguientes ejemplos y dibujos se proporcionan a modo de ilustración, y no se pretende que sean limitativos de la presente invención. Throughout the description and the claims the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention. The following examples and drawings are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention.
EJEMPLOS EXAMPLES
A continuación se ilustrara la invención mediante unos ensayos realizados por los inventores, que pone de manifiesto la estabilidad y efectividad de la composición de la invención. The invention will now be illustrated by tests carried out by the inventors, which shows the stability and effectiveness of the composition of the invention.
Preparación de composiciones de la invención La melatonina para la solución inyectable se ha preparado a una concentración de 10 mg/ml en propilenglicol al 25%, con agua libre de pirógenos en cantidad suficiente (API). El lote de inyectables preparado estaba compuesto de 17 viales con Melatonina (10mg/ml) en Propilenglicol (al 25%) API es. de los 17 viales, 9 de ellos se autoclavaron (121 QC durante 20 min) y los 8 restantes no. Todos los viales se protegieron de la luz. Preparation of compositions of the invention Melatonin for the solution for injection has been prepared at a concentration of 10 mg / ml in 25% propylene glycol, with pyrogen-free water in sufficient quantity (API). The batch of injectables prepared was composed of 17 vials with Melatonin (10mg / ml) in Propylene Glycol (25%) API. Of the 17 vials, 9 of them were autoclaved (121 Q C for 20 min) and the remaining 8 were not. All vials were protected from light.
Ensayos de estabilidad Los viales, tanto los autoclavados como los que no lo fueron, todos resguardados de la luz, se sometieron a un ensayo de estabilidad mediante HPLC. Estabilidad de conservación, tanto a temperatura ambiente como conservados a 4QC y -20QC. Las distintas preparaciones de melatonina se analizaron una vez por semana desde su preparación. Las concentraciones medidas por HPLC se realizaron en un envase diferente de cada grupo a lo largo de las catorce semanas, como se recoge en la Tabla 1 . Stability tests The vials, both autoclaved and non-autoclaved, all protected from light, underwent a stability test using HPLC. Storage stability, both at room temperature and preserved at 4 Q C and -20 Q C. The different melatonin preparations were analyzed once a week since their preparation. The concentrations measured by HPLC were performed in a different container of each group over the fourteen weeks, as shown in Table 1.
Tabla 1. Concentraciones de melatonina a lo largo de 3 meses desde su preparación Table 1. Melatonin concentrations over 3 months after preparation.
Semanas desde la preparación de la solución de melatoninaWeeks since the preparation of the melatonin solution
Tipo de conservación 0 1 2 3 4 5 14 M EDIA SD de la melatonina autoclavada (-20 °C) 11.15 11.01 9.83 9.62 9.36 9.96 10.23 10.16 0.68 no autoclavada (-20 °C) 9.21 10.08 10.33 8.89 10.61 10.16 9.63 9.84 0.62 autoclavada (4 °C) 9.49 10.61 9.84 11.24 9.33 8.83 8.62 9.71 0.94 no autoclavada (4 °C) 9.87 9.49 8.75 9.19 8.87 8.07 8.44 8.95 0.61 autoclavada (T.A. ) 9.96 9.30 9.57 11.17 9.46 8.73 9.12 9.61 0.78 no autoclavada (T. A.) 9.57 9.35 10.35 10.05 9.31 9.34 9.67 9.66 0.40 Los resultados indican una buena estabilidad de la melatonina en todas las preparaciones. Sólo la mantenida a 4°C presenta noimalmente una pequeña cristalización de la solución, que se resuspende rápidamente al ponerla a temperatura ambiente. Las preparaciones a -20°C nopresentan cristalización, y se descongelan perfectamente. No hay diferencias aparentes entre las soluciones autoclavadas y no autoclavadas; en ambos casos la estabilidad es similar. Ensayo de Estabilidad de la melatonina disuelta en solución salina Conservation type 0 1 2 3 4 5 14 M SD ED of autoclaved melatonin (-20 ° C) 11.15 11.01 9.83 9.62 9.36 9.96 10.23 10.16 0.68 non-autoclaved (-20 ° C) 9.21 10.08 10.33 8.89 10.61 10.16 9.63 9.84 0.62 autoclaved (4 ° C) 9.49 10.61 9.84 11.24 9.33 8.83 8.62 9.71 0.94 not autoclaved (4 ° C) 9.87 9.49 8.75 9.19 8.87 8.07 8.44 8.95 0.61 autoclaved (TA) 9.96 9.30 9.57 11.17 9.46 8.73 9.12 9.61 0.78 non-autoclaved (TA) 9.57 9.35 10.35 10.05 9.31 9.34 9.67 9.66 0.40 The results indicate a good stability of melatonin in all preparations. Only the one maintained at 4 ° C minimally presents a small crystallization of the solution, which is quickly resuspended when placed at room temperature. Preparations at -20 ° C do not present crystallization, and thaw perfectly. There are no apparent differences between autoclaved and non-autoclaved solutions; In both cases the stability is similar. Stability test of melatonin dissolved in saline solution
Se disolvieron dos viales (8 mi de cada uno) de la preparación de melatonina en propilenglicol (10 mg/ml) en sendas bolsas de 500 mi de solución salina para administración intravenosa. Se ha evaluado el contenido de melatonina en esta disolución manteniendo una bolsa a temperatura ambiente y otra a 4 °C. La melatonina se determinó en alícuotas de cada bolsa hasta 7 días después de su preparación. Two vials (8 ml of each) of the preparation of melatonin in propylene glycol (10 mg / ml) were dissolved in 500 ml bags of saline for intravenous administration. The content of melatonin in this solution has been evaluated by keeping a bag at room temperature and another at 4 ° C. Melatonin was determined in aliquots of each bag up to 7 days after its preparation.
En la Tabla 2 se muestran los resultados obtenidos (concentración teórica en la solución salina = 0.157 mg/ml): Table 2 shows the results obtained (theoretical concentration in the saline solution = 0.157 mg / ml):
Tabla 2. Concentración de melatonina en la Table 2. Concentration of melatonin in the
solución salina a lo largo del tiempo (mg/ml)  saline over time (mg / ml)
Tipo de conservación  Conservation type
Tiempo T. A. 4 °C  Weather T. A. 4 ° C
(horas)  (hours)
1 0.153 0.153  1 0.153 0.153
2 0.168 0.166  2 0.168 0.166
4 0.152 0.145  4 0.152 0.145
6 0.153 0.158  6 0.153 0.158
12 0.160 0.159  12 0.160 0.159
24 0.161 0.154 48 0.150 0.152 24 0.161 0.154 48 0.150 0.152
72 0.162 0.156  72 0.162 0.156
104.5 0.157 0.152  104.5 0.157 0.152
168 0.152 0.159  168 0.152 0.159
De los datos de la Tabla 2, obtenemos la siguiente estadística: From the data in Table 2, we obtain the following statistics:
Datos de T.A. T.A. data
Media: 0.158 mg/ml 0.155 mg/ml SD: 0.006 0.0056 Mean: 0.158 mg / ml 0.155 mg / ml SD: 0.006 0.0056
ES: 0.0018 0.0017 ES: 0.0018 0.0017
CV (%): 3.69 3.61 CV (%): 3.69 3.61
Por tanto, una vez diluida en el salino para uso intravenoso, la solución estable al menos durante 7 días, tanto a temperatura ambiente como a 4°C. Therefore, once diluted in the saline for intravenous use, the stable solution for at least 7 days, both at room temperature and at 4 ° C.
Por otra parte, se realizó un control de endotoxinas bacterianas a los inyectables de melatonina preparados. Para ello se utilizó el equipo Endosafe®- PTS (Charles River, Francia) cuya técnica de detección se encuentra validada por la Food and Durgs Administration de Estados unidos de América (FDA, U.S.A.). Los resultados obtenidos en cuanto a control de endotoxinas bacterianas se muestran a continuación: On the other hand, a control of bacterial endotoxins was carried out on the prepared melatonin injectables. For this, the Endosafe ® - PTS equipment (Charles River, France) was used, whose detection technique is validated by the Food and Durgs Administration of the United States of America (FDA, USA). The results obtained in terms of control of bacterial endotoxins are shown below:
Límite endotoxinas: 87.7 UE/ml. M.D.V : 1 .754. λ cartucho: 0.05-5 UE/ml. Lote cartuchos: 3434160. Código calibración cartuchos: 513337283560. Dilución: 1 :100  Endotoxin limit: 87.7 EU / ml. M.D.V: 1,754. λ cartridge: 0.05-5 EU / ml. Lot cartridges: 3434160. Cartridge calibration code: 513337283560. Dilution: 1: 100
RESULTADO: la muestra analizada presenta < 5UE/ml. El límite de endotoxinas calculado es de 87.7 UE/ml. El resto de valores obtenidos se encuentran en el porcentaje permitido.  RESULT: the analyzed sample has <5UE / ml. The calculated endotoxin limit is 87.7 EU / ml. The remaining values obtained are in the percentage allowed.
Conclusión: En esta muestra el ensayo de endotoxinas es satisfactorio. Conclusion: In this sample the endotoxin assay is satisfactory.
Los valores de la detección de endotoxinas bacterianas se presentan en laThe bacterial endotoxin detection values are presented in the
Tabla 2. Table 2.
Figure imgf000017_0001
Figure imgf000017_0001
Tabla2 Table2
Ensayo de detección de endotoxinas bacterianas en un equipo Endosafe-PTS, de inyectables de melatonina (10mg/ml en propilenglicol al 25%).  Bacterial endotoxin detection test in an Endosafe-PTS unit, for melatonin injectables (10mg / ml in 25% propylene glycol).
Ensayo clínico para el tratamiento de la sepsis severa en adultos Clinical trial for the treatment of severe sepsis in adults
El ensayo clínico se diseña como controlado a doble ciego con 40 pacientes quirúrgicos con criterios de "sepsis severa" distribuidos en 2 grupos (n=20): The clinical trial is designed as double-blind controlled with 40 surgical patients with criteria of "severe sepsis" distributed in 2 groups (n = 20):
A) Grupo Melatonina, que recibe 60mg/24h intravenosa en perfusión continua durante 5 días.  A) Melatonin Group, which receives 60mg / 24h intravenously in continuous infusion for 5 days.
B) Grupo Placebo, que reciben un placebo en la misma forma que el grupo A) recibiendo el tratamiento adecuado a su patología y tipo de intervención quirúrgica realizada.  B) Placebo Group, who receive a placebo in the same way as Group A) receiving the appropriate treatment for their pathology and type of surgical intervention performed.
C) Grupo de Referencia (n=20) compuesto por pacientes intervenidos de colecistectomía, y cuyos datos sirven como grupo de referencia. Se toman muestras de sangre periférica en los días 0, 1 , 2, 3, 4 y 5 tras la intervención quirúrgica para proceder a valorar la respuesta inflamatoria, inmunológica y de apoptosis mediante la determinación por técnica de CBA {Cytometric Beads Arrays) que combina ELISA con citometría de flujo de los niveles plasmáticos de citoquinas (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α e IFN-γ), moléculas de adhesión (ICAM-1 , VCAM-1 , ELAM-1 ), y marcadores de apoptosis (caspasa-3, Bcl-2), los niveles de enzimas antioxidantes (SOD, catalasa, glutation-peroxidasa y glutation-reductasa) e índice de peroxidación lipídica (malondialdehido) se determinan mediante espectrofotometría. Los niveles de melatonina y 6-sulfatoximelatonina se determinan mediante HPLC. C) Reference Group (n = 20) composed of patients undergoing cholecystectomy, and whose data serve as a reference group. Peripheral blood samples are taken on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 after surgery to proceed to assess the inflammatory, immunological and apoptosis response by determining by CBA technique {Cytometric Beads Arrays) that combines ELISA with flow cytometry of plasma cytokine levels (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ), adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, ELAM -1), and apoptosis markers (caspase-3, Bcl-2), antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and lipid peroxidation index (malondialdehyde) are determined by spectrophotometry. The levels of melatonin and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin are determined by HPLC.
SUJETOS DE ESTUDIO: Pacientes ingresados en el Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo del Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves de Granada que vayan a ser intervenidos quirúrgicamente por patología abdominal con carácter de urgencia. SUBJECTS OF STUDY: Patients admitted to the General Surgery and Digestive Diseases Service of the University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves de Granada who are going to be surgically operated for abdominal pathology as an emergency.
CRITERIOS DE INCLUSIÓN: Pacientes que se encuentren en estado clínico de "sepsis severa" según los criterios diagnósticos de la "American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critica! Care Medicine" definidos anteriormente, es decir, pacientes con síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica de etiología infecciosa asociado a disfunción orgánica, hipoperfusión o hipotensión, y que vayan a ser intervenidos quirúrgicamente. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients who are in a clinical condition of "severe sepsis" according to the diagnostic criteria of the "American College of Chest Physicians / Society of Critical Care Medicine" defined above, that is, patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome of Infectious etiology associated with organic dysfunction, hypoperfusion or hypotension, and which will be surgically operated.
CRITERIOS DE EXCLUSIÓN: Edad menor de 18 años, embarazo, enfermedad terminal médica o quirúrgica, insuficiencia hepática o renal crónica, enfermedad psiquiátrica en tratamiento o negativa a participar en el estudio. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Age under 18, pregnancy, medical or surgical terminal illness, chronic liver or kidney failure, psychiatric illness under treatment or refusal to participate in the study.
PROTOCOLO: El tamaño de la muestra se ha calculado en base a aceptar un riesgo alfa de 0,05 y un riesgo beta de 0,20 en un contraste unilateral. Se precisan 20 pacientes en cada grupo de estudio para detectar una diferencia mínima del 10% entre grupos, asumiendo que existen 3 grupos de estudio y una desviación estándar del 7%. VALORACIÓN DE LA RESPUESTA INFLAMATORIA E INMUNOLÓGICA: Determinación de los niveles plasmáticos de citoquinas (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a e IFN-g), molécula de adhesión slCAM-1 , marcadores de apoptosis (sFas, FasL, sFasL), proteínas de apoptosis (caspasa-3, Bcl-2, y PARP), enzimas antioxidantes (superóxido dismutasa, SOD), catalasa glutation peroxidasa y glutation reductasa) así como los niveles de peroxidación lipídica (malondialdehido) durante los días 0 (pre-intervención quirúrgica y previa administración de melatonina o placebo) y 1 , 2, 3, 4 y 5 posteriores a la intervención quirúrgica y durante el tratamiento de melatonina o placebo. Determinación en muestras de sangre periférica total de hemograma, fórmula leucocitaria así como de los niveles de Fas, caspasa-3, Bcl-2 y PARP en leucocitos polimorfonucleares y linfocitos durante los días 0 (pre-intervención quirúrgica y pretratamiento con melatonina o placebo) y 1 , 2, 3, 4 y 5 días posteriores a la intervención quirúrgica y durante el tratamiento de melatonina o placebo. Valoración de la funcionalidad de distintos sistemas orgánicos mediante determinaciones bioquímicas en plasma obtenido de las muestras de sangre, como se indica más delante, de los parámetros transaminasas (GOT, GPT, GGT), bilirrubina total y directa, LDH, urea y creatinina. Así como los niveles de calcio, sodio, potasio y cloro. PROTOCOL: The sample size has been calculated based on accepting an alpha risk of 0.05 and a beta risk of 0.20 in a unilateral contrast. 20 patients are required in each study group to detect a minimum difference of 10% between groups, assuming that there are 3 study groups and a standard deviation of 7%. ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE: Determination of plasma cytokine levels (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a and IFN-g), slCAM-1 adhesion molecule, markers of apoptosis (sFas, FasL, sFasL), apoptosis proteins (caspase-3, Bcl-2, and PARP), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD), catalase glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) as well as levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) ) during days 0 (pre-surgical intervention and previous administration of melatonin or placebo) and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 after surgery and during the treatment of melatonin or placebo. Determination in samples of total peripheral blood hemogram, leukocyte formula as well as Fas, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and PARP levels in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes during days 0 (surgical pre-intervention and pretreatment with melatonin or placebo) and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days after surgery and during the treatment of melatonin or placebo. Assessment of the functionality of different organic systems by means of plasma biochemical determinations obtained from blood samples, as indicated below, of the transaminase parameters (GOT, GPT, GGT), total and direct bilirubin, LDH, urea and creatinine. As well as calcium, sodium, potassium and chlorine levels.
VALORACION CLÍNICA: Para valorar la evolución clínica de los pacientes y la situación funcional de sus sistemas orgánicos en los días posteriores a la intervención quirúrgica, se utilizará la escala de calificación del síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple relacionado con la sepsis (SOFA) cada 24 horas durante el periodo de estudio. CLINICAL ASSESSMENT: To assess the clinical evolution of the patients and the functional status of their organic systems in the days after the surgical intervention, the rating scale of the multiple organic dysfunction syndrome related to sepsis (SOFA) will be used every 24 hours during the study period.
MANEJO Y RECOLECCIÓN DE LAS MUESTRAS: En las muestras de sangre se estudia el nivel de citoquinas, moléculas de adhesión, marcadores y proteínas de apoptosis, enzimas antioxidantes, malondialdehido; el mareaje inmediato y determinación de apoptosis celular en leucocitos y linfocitos tras su aislamiento y separación en ficoll-hypaque y se hacen determinaciones bioquímicas de los parámetros de funcionalidad orgánica utilizando un analizador automático Hitachi-912 (Roche). También se miden los niveles plasmáticos de melatonina. SAMPLE MANAGEMENT AND COLLECTION: In the blood samples, the level of cytokines, adhesion molecules, markers and apoptosis proteins, antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde; the immediate marking and determination of cell apoptosis in leukocytes and lymphocytes after their isolation and separation in ficoll-hypaque and determinations are made biochemical parameters of organic functionality using an automatic Hitachi-912 analyzer (Roche). Melatonin plasma levels are also measured.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
Una composición inyectable farmacéuticamente aceptable que comprende agua, propilenglicol y melatonina, o un derivado, una sal, un profármaco, o un solvato de la misma, caracterizada porque no contiene ningún otro disolvente, codisolvente o agente dispersante. A pharmaceutically acceptable injectable composition comprising water, propylene glycol and melatonin, or a derivative, a salt, a prodrug, or a solvate thereof, characterized in that it does not contain any other solvent, co-solvent or dispersing agent.
La composición según la reivindicación 1 , donde la melatonina se encuentra en una concentración de entre 8 y 12 mg/ml de composición. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the melatonin is in a concentration of between 8 and 12 mg / ml of composition.
La composición según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 ó 2, en donde la melatonina se encuentra en una concentración de aproximadamente 10 mg/ml de composición. The composition according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the melatonin is in a concentration of approximately 10 mg / ml of composition.
La composición según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, en donde la proporción del Propilenglicol está comprendida entre un 20 y el 30% con respecto al peso total de la composición. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the proportion of Propylene Glycol is between 20 and 30% with respect to the total weight of the composition.
La composición según cualquiera de las reivindicacionesl a 4, en donde la proporción de Propilenglicol está comprendida entre un 23 y un 28% con respecto al peso total de la disolución. The composition according to any one of claims 4, wherein the proportion of Propylene Glycol is between 23 and 28% with respect to the total weight of the solution.
La composición según cualquiera de las reivindicacionesl a 5, en donde la proporción de Propilenglicol está comprendida entre un 24 y un 26% con respecto al peso total de la disolución. The composition according to any one of claims 5, wherein the proportion of Propylene Glycol is between 24 and 26% with respect to the total weight of the solution.
La composición según cualquiera de las reivindicacionesl a 6, que comprende un excipiente farmacéuticamente aceptable. The composition according to any one of claims 6, which comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
La composición según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, que comprende un segundo principio activo. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises a second active ingredient.
9. La composición según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 8 en forma de inyectable intravenoso. 9. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 8 in the form of an intravenous injection.
10. Uso de la composición definida en cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 8, en la elaboración de un medicamento. 10. Use of the composition defined in any of claims 1 to 8, in the manufacture of a medicament.
1 1 . La composición definida en cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 8, para su uso como medicamento. 12. Uso de la composición definida en cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 8, en la elaboración de un medicamento para la regulación del ritmo circardiano, la regulación de la respuesta inflamatoria, el tratamiento del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica, el tratamiento del síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple, el tratamiento de la sepsis en neonatos, el tratamiento de infartos de miocardio, el tratamiento de daño mitocondrial, el tratamiento de edema pulmonar, el tratamiento de un fallo renal o hepático, o el tratamiento del estrés oxidativo provocado por cirugía. eleven . The composition defined in any one of claims 1 to 8, for use as a medicament. 12. Use of the composition defined in any of claims 1 to 8, in the preparation of a medicament for the regulation of the circardial rhythm, the regulation of the inflammatory response, the treatment of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, the treatment of the syndrome of multiple organ dysfunction, treatment of sepsis in neonates, treatment of myocardial infarctions, treatment of mitochondrial damage, treatment of pulmonary edema, treatment of renal or hepatic failure, or treatment of oxidative stress caused by surgery.
Uso de la melatonina, sus sales, profármacos, derivados o solvatos en la preparación de un medicamento para el tratamiento de sepsis en adultos, para el tratamiento del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS) en adultos o para el tratamiento del síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple (MODS) en adultos. 14. Uso según la reivindicación 13 en donde se administran entre 55 y 65 mg cada 24 horas. Use of melatonin, its salts, prodrugs, derivatives or solvates in the preparation of a drug for the treatment of sepsis in adults, for the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in adults or for the treatment of organic dysfunction syndrome Multiple (MODS) in adults. 14. Use according to claim 13 wherein between 55 and 65 mg are administered every 24 hours.
15. Uso según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 13 ó 14, en donde la administración se realiza por perfusión una vez al día. 15. Use according to any of claims 13 or 14, wherein the administration is performed by infusion once a day.
16. Uso según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 13, 14 ó 15, en donde la administración se prolonga en el tiempo entre 3 y 10 días. 16. Use according to any of claims 13, 14 or 15, wherein the administration is prolonged in time between 3 and 10 days.
17. Método para la preparación de la composición inyectable farmacéuticamente aceptable definida en cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 9, que comprende mezclar agua, propilengliciol y melatonina o un derivado, una sal, un profármaco, o un solvato de la misma. 17. Method for the preparation of the pharmaceutically acceptable injectable composition defined in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising mixing water, propylene glycol and melatonin or a derivative, a salt, a prodrug, or a solvate thereof.
PCT/ES2012/070349 2011-05-17 2012-05-17 Injectable preparation of melatonin WO2012156565A1 (en)

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WO2015144965A1 (en) * 2014-03-27 2015-10-01 Servicio Andaluz De Salud Durable preparation of an injectable of melatonin exhibiting long-term stability
CN106659711A (en) * 2014-03-27 2017-05-10 安达卢西亚健康服务部 Durable preparation of an injectable of melatonin exhibiting long-term stability
US11344531B2 (en) 2014-03-27 2022-05-31 Servicio Andaluz De Salud Durable preparation of an injectable of melatonin exhibiting long-term stability
US10342779B2 (en) 2014-10-13 2019-07-09 Worphmed Srl Anhydrous liquid melatonin composition
WO2016139635A1 (en) * 2015-03-04 2016-09-09 Industria Farmaceutica Galenica Senese S.R.L. A pharmaceutical composition for the parenteral administration of melatonin, and a process for its preparation
WO2018167162A1 (en) 2017-03-17 2018-09-20 Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A. Therapeutic dosage and regimen for melatonin
WO2019038586A1 (en) 2017-08-19 2019-02-28 Ftf Pharma Private Limited Pharmaceutical composition of melatonin
WO2021038601A1 (en) 2019-08-30 2021-03-04 Vijayendrakumar Virendrakumarji Redasani Liquid pharmaceutical compositions of melatonin for oral and parenteral administration
EP4021411A4 (en) * 2019-08-30 2023-08-09 Vijayendrakumar Virendrakumarji Redasani Liquid pharmaceutical compositions of melatonin for oral and parenteral administration

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