WO2012149693A1 - 一种可更换刀头的铸型加工刀具 - Google Patents

一种可更换刀头的铸型加工刀具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012149693A1
WO2012149693A1 PCT/CN2011/074281 CN2011074281W WO2012149693A1 WO 2012149693 A1 WO2012149693 A1 WO 2012149693A1 CN 2011074281 W CN2011074281 W CN 2011074281W WO 2012149693 A1 WO2012149693 A1 WO 2012149693A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cutter head
tool
diameter
connecting rod
cutting
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Application number
PCT/CN2011/074281
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
单忠德
刘丰
董晓丽
Original Assignee
机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心
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Publication of WO2012149693A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012149693A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C23/00—Tools; Devices not mentioned before for moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
    • B23B31/11—Retention by threaded connection
    • B23B31/1107—Retention by threaded connection for conical parts
    • B23B31/1122—Retention by threaded connection for conical parts using cylindrical threads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/02—Connections between the shanks and detachable cutting heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
    • B23C2226/31—Diamond
    • B23C2226/315—Diamond polycrystalline [PCD]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2240/00—Details of connections of tools or workpieces
    • B23C2240/32—Connections using screw threads

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tool, and more particularly to a tool for mold processing of a replaceable cutter head, which belongs to the technical field of casting and machining.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Casting is one of the main methods for obtaining blanks of mechanical products and is an important basic process in the mechanical industry.
  • the foundry industry is an important basic industry for the development of the national economy and an important part of the manufacturing industry.
  • the production cycle is required to be short and the update speed is fast.
  • a digital rapid manufacturing method of a mold has appeared, that is, a sand casting mold is directly processed by a casting type forming machine to obtain a mold.
  • This method is different from the conventional manufacturing method in solving the mold manufacturing of a single-piece small-volume part, and has a short manufacturing cycle and a low production cost.
  • the object of the mold cutting process is the foundry sand blank, which is different from the traditional metal cutting.
  • the mold (core) is made of foundry sand and binder. During the cutting process, the high-speed rotary tool directly collides with the sand, no cutting fluid lubrication, and the tool is coated with the binder-particle friction. Function, ordinary tool wear is serious.
  • the cavity of the processing blank mold is complex and high in depth, and requires a long shank to ensure the normal processing of the tool, and does not cause thousands of phenomena.
  • the diameter of the strong shank or heat shrinkable shank on the market is large, during processing. It is easy to produce thousands of things, and if it is not satisfied, it can lengthen the tool without affecting the requirements of deep hole processing).
  • special tools suitable for mold cutting have been developed.
  • a special tool for mold processing of a replaceable cutter head comprising a cutter head and a shank, wherein a cutter insert is mounted on the cutter head, and the material is PCD or super-hard material; the cutter head and the shank are connected by a thread or a top wire, The joint is positioned with taper and end face.
  • the special tool for casting processing further comprises a connecting rod, and the connecting head and the connecting rod are connected by a thread or a top wire, and the joint is tapped and positioned at the end.
  • the material of the connecting rod is cemented carbide.
  • the material of the connecting rod is high speed steel.
  • the connection 4 is larger than 20 mm, the connection 4 is dry with a hollow structure.
  • the cutting insert is connected to the cutter head by single-blade brazing.
  • the cutting insert and the cutter head are connected by double-blade brazing.
  • the shank is divided into a clamping portion and a connecting portion, and the clamping portion cooperates with the spring collet of the ER series to ensure that the length and the diameter of the shank are uniform in the same set of tools, and the diameter of the connecting portion is the same as the diameter of the connecting ridge.
  • the invention has the following technical effects: 1) The cutter is dedicated to the cutting of sand or sand core, and uses PCD or super hard material to improve the wear resistance of the common tool and solve the tool in the mold cutting process. Wear problem.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a mold for machining a mold for a replaceable cutter head according to the present invention
  • 2 is a plan view of a special tool for mold processing of the replaceable cutter head of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of the cutter for special mold processing of the replaceable cutter head of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a mold processing of the replaceable cutter head of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a view of the connecting rod of the special tool for mold processing of the replaceable cutter head of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a view of the handle of the special tool for mold processing of the replaceable cutter head of the present invention
  • Fig. 1 is a front view of a special tool for mold processing of a replaceable cutter head according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of a special cutter for mold processing of a replaceable cutter head
  • Fig. 3 is a special cutter for mold processing of a replaceable cutter head Side view.
  • the special tool for mold processing that can replace the cutter head includes the cutter head 1, the connection 4, and the holder 3.
  • Figure 4 is a diagram of the cutter head of a special tool.
  • the material is PCD, (polycrystalline diamond, polycrystalline diamond abbreviation, using fine grain diamond single crystal) It is sintered under high temperature and high pressure and has good wear resistance, thermal stability, compressive strength and impact toughness.
  • the main shapes are triangular, square, rectangular, cylindrical, arc-shaped at both ends, etc.).
  • the blade has a rake angle of zero in the plane of the vertical tool axis. , the lead angle is 90. .
  • the short blade 4 and the long blade 5 are fixed to the cutter head by brazing or screwing.
  • the axial length of the blade is determined by the cutting depth of the actual cutting and the diameter of the tool, here is 2 mm; the radial length of the blade is determined by the diameter of the tool. Decide.
  • the insert is mounted on the center of the cutter head and the diameter of the outer edge is higher than the diameter of the cutter body by approximately 0.1 mm.
  • the length of the connecting rod of the special tool in Fig. 5 is different from the size of the machined-type to meet various deep cavity machining. 4
  • the connection between the dry ends and the cutter head and the shank is threaded, and at the same time,
  • the connecting part of the joint with the cutter head and the shank has the same diameter and the same connection form, so as to ensure the mutual cooperation of the cutter head, the shank and the connecting rod.
  • the presence of the connecting rod extends the total length of the tool, avoiding the problems of the tool during machining, and satisfies the requirements of the elongated deep hole machining; when the cutter head is directly connected to the tool holder (in the same tool, the knife The head and the connecting rod are assembled in the same manner as the connecting rod and the shank, and the amount of overhang is reduced (the length of the tool holder is the length of the tool, that is, the total length of the tool minus the length of the shank being clamped), The processing speed is fast, meeting the requirements of roughing and shallow groove processing.
  • the special tool holder in Figure 6 is divided into a clamping part and a connecting part (threaded end).
  • the clamping part is matched with the spring collet of the ER series to ensure that the length and diameter of the shank are the same in the same set of tools, and the diameter of the connecting part varies with the diameter of the connecting rod.
  • the shank clamping part is matched with the ER series spring collet, the diameter is 013-016mm, the length is 50mm, and the same set of knives is guaranteed.
  • the length and diameter of the middle shank clamping part are the same.
  • the cutter head and the connecting rod are screwed, and the joint is positioned by taper and end face to ensure that the cutter head and the joint are concentric; the cutter head and the joint joint are connected by a top wire as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the shank and the connecting rod are connected by a threaded connection (Fig. 1) or a top wire, and the connecting end is positioned with a taper and an end face for concentric purposes.
  • the present invention relates to the connecting rod, which prolongs the length of the overall cutter, avoids the phenomenon of machining in the process, and improves the disadvantages of large diameter, heavy weight and high cost of the strong handle or heat shrinkable shank on the market.
  • the machining efficiency is improved, the tool cost is saved, and the mold cavity of different complexity can be processed more flexibly.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Description

—种可更换刀头的铸型加工刀具 技术领域 本发明专利涉及一种刀具， 特别涉及一种可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀 具， 属于铸造及机械加工技术领域。 背景技术 铸造是获得机械产品毛坯的主要方法之一， 是机械工业重要的基础工艺。 铸造行业是国民经济发展的重要基础产业， 是制造业的重要组成部分。 随着产 品的多样化、 个性化， 单件、 小批量铸件的需求越来越多， 尤其在产品开发研 制阶段， 要求生产周期短、 更新速度快。 在这样的背景条件下， 出现了铸型的 数字化快速制造方法， 即釆用铸型切削加工成形机直接加工砂坯得到铸型。 该 方法在解决单件小批量零件的铸型制造方面， 与传统制造方法不同， 制造周期 短， 生产成本氐。 铸型切削加工的对象为铸造用砂坯， 不同于传统的金属切削。 铸型 （芯） 是由铸造用砂、 粘结剂固化而成， 切削过程中， 高速旋转加工的刀具直接与砂 粒产生碰撞， 无切削液润滑， 以及刀具受包裹着粘结剂的 -粒摩擦作用， 普通 刀具磨损严重。 同时， 加工砂坯模的型腔复杂且深度高， 需较长的刀柄以保证 刀具的正常加工， 不产生千涉现象 （市面上的强力刀柄或热缩刀柄的直径大， 加工中容易产生千涉， 不能满足即能加长刀具又不影响深孔加工的要求）。 考 虑上述的原因， 开发了适合铸型切削加工的专用刀具。 发明内容 本发明是为了克服现有技术中的普通刀具加工铸造用砂型， 存在刀具耐磨 性差、 长度短， 加工深腔千涉的缺点， 提供了一种专用于铸型切削加工的刀具， 旨在为单件、 小批量的铸件铸型的切削加工提供一种耐磨性好、 长度可调、 适 合深腔加工的可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具。 本发明通过下述技术方案实现: 一种可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具， 包括刀头、 刀柄， 刀头上安装有切 削刀片， 其材料为 PCD 或超硬材料； 刀头与刀柄釆用螺紋或顶丝连接， 连接 处釆用锥度和端面定位。 进一步地， 铸型加工专用刀具还包括连接杆， 刀头与连接杆釆用螺紋或顶 丝连接， 连接处釆用锥度和端面定位。 进一步地， 当连接杆的直径小于 10mm时， 连接杆的材料为硬质合金。 进一步地， 当连接杆的直径大于等于 10mm小于等于 20mm时， 连接杆的 材料为高速钢。 进一步地， 当连接 4干的直径大于 20mm时， 连接 4干釆用空心结构。 进一步地， 当刀头切削直径小于 4mm 时， 切削刀片与刀头釆用单刃钎焊 的方式连接。 进一步地， 当刀头切削直径大于等于 4mm小于等于 20mm时， 切削刀片 与刀头釆用双刃钎焊的方式连接。 进一步地， 当刀头切削直径大于 20mm时， 将 2-4个刀片釆用螺紋连接的 方式连接在刀头上。 进一步地， 刀柄分为夹持部分和连接部分， 夹持部分配合 ER系列的弹簧 夹头， 保证在同一套刀具中刀柄长度、 直径是一致的， 连接部分的直径与连接 才干直径相同。 本发明具有下述技术效果： 1) 该刀具专用于砂型或砂芯的切削加工， 并釆用 PCD或超硬材料， 改善 了普通刀具耐磨性差的特点， 解决了铸型切削加工中的刀具磨损问题。
2) 该专用刀具的连接杆延长了刀具总长， 满足了细长的深孔加工； 同时， 该刀具的连接杆直径与刀头切削部分直径相同，既避免了千涉，又可灵活拆卸， 满足不同形式的铸型切削加工。 附图说明 图 1为本发明可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具的主视图； 图 2为本发明可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具的俯视图； 图 3为本发明可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具的侧视图； 图 4为本发明可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具的刀头视图； 图 5为本发明可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具的连接杆视图； 图 6为本发明可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具的刀柄视图； 图 7 为本发明可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具的刀头与连接杆的连接视 图； 附图标 ΐ己
1 专用刀具刀头 2—专用刀具连接 4干 3—专用刀具刀柄 4一专用刀具短刀片 5—专用刀具长刀片 6—顶丝 具体实施方式 下面结合附图对本发明专利的具体实施方式作详细说明： 图 1为本发明可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具的主视图， 图 2为可更换刀 头的铸型加工专用刀具的俯视图， 图 3为可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具的侧 视图。 可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具包括刀头 1、 连接 4干 2、 刀柄 3。 图 4为专用刀具的刀头图。 刀头上安装有 2个切削刀片 （见图 3中的专用 刀具短刀片 4和专用刀具长刀片 5 ),其材料为 PCD, (聚晶金刚石，Polycrystalline diamond的缩写， 是用细颗粒金刚石单晶在高温高压下烧结而成， 具有 4艮好的 耐磨性、 热稳定性、 抗压强度和抗冲击韧性， 主要的形状有三角形、 正方形、 长方形、圓柱形、两端圓弧形等）。该刀片在垂直刀具轴线的平面内，前角为 0。， 主偏角为 90。。其中短刀片 4和长刀片 5釆用钎焊或螺钉连接固定在刀头部分， 刀片的轴向长度由实际切削的切削深度和刀具直径决定， 这里为 2 mm; 刀片 的径向长度由刀具直径决定。 刀片安装过刀头中心， 且外缘直径高于刀体直径 约 0.1 mm„ 图 5中专用刀具的连接杆的长度随着被加工 -型尺寸， 形成不同系列， 满 足各种深腔加工。 连接 4干两端与刀头和刀柄的连接方式为螺紋连接， 同时， 连 接才干与刀头和刀柄的连接部分直径相同、 连接形式相同， 以保证刀头、 刀柄、 连接杆的相互配合。 图 1中， 连接杆的存在， 延长了刀具总长， 避免了加工中 刀具千涉问题， 满足了细长深孔加工的要求； 当刀头与刀柄直接相连时 （在同 一把刀具中， 刀头与连接杆的配合装配方式同连接杆与刀柄的连接方式相同）， 减少了悬伸量（专用刀具突出刀夹的长度， 即刀具总长减去刀柄被夹持部分的 长度）， 具有加工速度快的特点， 满足粗加工和浅槽加工的要求。 图 6 中专用刀具刀柄分为夹持部分和连接部分 （带螺紋的一端）。 夹持部 分配合 ER系列的弹簧夹头， 保证在同一套刀具中刀柄长度、 直径是一致的， 连接部分的直径随同连接杆直径变化。 在本实施例中， 考虑到刀柄夹持的精度 及加工中的稳定性问题， 刀柄夹持部分配合 ER 系列的弹簧夹头， 直径为 013-016mm, 长度为 50mm, 保证在同一套刀具中刀柄夹持部分长度、 直径是 一致的。 本实施例中的刀头与连接杆釆用螺紋连接， 连接处釆用锥度和端面定位， 保证刀头与连接才干同心； 刀头与连接才干釆用顶丝方式连接如图 7所示。 刀柄与 连接杆釆用螺紋连接 （图 1 ) 或顶丝连接， 连接端釆用锥度和端面定位， 以达 到同心的目的。 可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具的直径在 10mm以下时， 由于长径比大于 10 , 刀杆、 刀柄以及刀头优先釆用硬质合金， 满足刀具制造和使用过程中的刚 度要求； 直径 10-20mm时， 釆用高速钢， 以节省材料； 20mm以上釆用空心结 构， 以便减重。 特别指出， 本发明中涉及到连接杆， 延长了整体刀具的长度， 避免了加工 中的千涉现象， 改善了市面上的强力刀柄或热缩刀柄直径粗、 重量大、 成本高 的缺点， 提高了加工效率， 节省了刀具成本， 能够更加灵活地加工出不同复杂 程度的铸型型腔。 尽管参考实施例对所公开的涉及一可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具进行 了特别描述， 以上描述的实施例是说明性而不是限制性的。 在不脱离本发明的 精神和范围的情况下， 所有的变化和 4爹改都在本发明的范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 一种可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具， 包括刀头、 刀柄， 其特征在于， 所述刀头上安装有切削刀片， 其材料为 PCD或超硬材料； 所述刀头与刀 柄釆用螺紋或顶丝连接， 连接处釆用锥度和端面定位。 根据权利要求 1所述的可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具， 其特征在于， 还包括连接杆， 所述刀头与连接杆釆用螺紋或顶丝连接， 连接处釆用锥 度和端面定位。 根据权利要求 2所述的可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具， 其特征在于， 当所述连接杆的直径小于 10mm时， 所述连接杆的材料为硬质合金。 根据权利要求 2所述的可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具， 其特征在于， 当所述连接杆的直径大于等于 10mm小于等于 20mm时， 所述连接杆的 材料为高速钢。 根据权利要求 2所述的可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具， 其特征在于， 当所述连接 4干的直径大于 20mm时， 所述连接 4干釆用空心结构。 根据权利要求 1所述的可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具， 其特征在于， 当刀头切削直径小于 4mm时，所述切削刀片与所述刀头釆用单刃钎焊的 方式连接。 根据权利要求 1所述的可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具， 其特征在于， 当刀头切削直径大于等于 4mm 小于等于 20mm时， 所述切削刀片与所 述刀头釆用双刃钎焊的方式连接。 根据权利要求 1所述的可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具， 其特征在于， 当刀头切削直径大于 20mm时， 将 2-4个刀片釆用螺紋连接的方式连接 在刀头上。 根据权利要求 1所述的可更换刀头的铸型加工专用刀具， 其特征在于， 所述刀柄分为夹持部分和连接部分， 所述夹持部分配合 ER 系列的弹簧 夹头， 保证在同一套刀具中刀柄长度、 直径是一致的， 所述连接部分的 直径与所述连接杆直径相同。
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