WO2012146894A2 - Exploration et production de pétrole et de gaz - Google Patents

Exploration et production de pétrole et de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012146894A2
WO2012146894A2 PCT/GB2012/000384 GB2012000384W WO2012146894A2 WO 2012146894 A2 WO2012146894 A2 WO 2012146894A2 GB 2012000384 W GB2012000384 W GB 2012000384W WO 2012146894 A2 WO2012146894 A2 WO 2012146894A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
depth
seismic
vint
lithology
burial
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PCT/GB2012/000384
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English (en)
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WO2012146894A9 (fr
Inventor
Kenneth Rayvenor Lusty Armitage
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Kenneth Rayvenor Lusty Armitage
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Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB1106840.0A external-priority patent/GB201106840D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB1106842.6A external-priority patent/GB201106842D0/en
Application filed by Kenneth Rayvenor Lusty Armitage filed Critical Kenneth Rayvenor Lusty Armitage
Publication of WO2012146894A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012146894A2/fr
Publication of WO2012146894A9 publication Critical patent/WO2012146894A9/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/20—Trace signal pre-filtering to select, remove or transform specific events or signal components, i.e. trace-in/trace-out
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/66—Subsurface modeling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to oil and gas exploration and production.
  • the invention is concerned with the provision of means to convert prepared seismic data to geology, via the normalised depth method, by quantifying and adjusting for differences between local and 'normal' geology, as the mechanism structure plus the minimum several components within to allow performance .
  • the invention also relates to the provision of means to work prepared seismic data and normalised depth geologic models to generate normalised depth petrophysical models, via modelling to quantify and infill corrected differences from a generic model data set.
  • trace sample material is rendered cellular, to allow spatial definition of the base of sealing rocks, so that gross rock volumes of all structural and strat traps are quantified per project area. Further, trace samples of geologic output are rendered cellular, for source rock quantification and forecast of oil/ gas type generation and volumes .
  • Figure G5 summarises what seems retrospectively obvious about the benefits of the present invention to double knowledge of poro-perms from seismic data. This is required because now, generation of poro-perm information is still mostly reliant on well data, interpolated to rather than generated from seismic data.
  • Figure 3 summarises poro-perm behaviour of key lithofacies, with potential for one lithology to have similar poro-perms in different depth ranges.
  • Figure 4 shows that, by knowing +/- a few %, velocity interval Vint and depth, plus the depth difference between that and a generic normal material compilation, once can convert samples into the material to better quantify traps, reserves, recovery and risk. To do this requires 6 classes of work to be performed to prepare the following:
  • the present invention is concerned with the conversion of seismic trace data into a pseudo well sonic (interval, Vint) velocity log, by actions causing each sample to represent the apportioned, defined sum of a geologic model of depositional lithology plus compaction normal for that lithology, plus a residual representing depth normalisation of localised difference between current depth and the depth needed to quantify local compaction and digenesis.
  • the present invention is also concerned with the conversion of seismic trace data with use of trace velocity log, and normalised depth geologic model, into normalised depth petrophysical models, focusing on sensible detailing of porosity and permeability.
  • Subsurface information is worked by multidisciplinary asset teams, each using one of a few types of very similar IT workstations, where each project is worked without ability to quantify all relevant causes or effects of rock properties, (i.e. part subjectively) limiting capacity of any expert to understand or QC the whole work.
  • Seismic data now worked in oil and gas exploration and production allows per unit space, wide ranges of geological models to be derived, mostly because current depth per unit volume has not been depth normalised to show maximum effective compaction.
  • Subsurface information is worked by multidisc plinary asset teams, each using one of a few types of very similar IT workstations, where each project is worked without ability to quantify all relevant causes or effects of rock properties, (i.e. part subjectively) limiting capacity of any expert to understand or QC the whole work.
  • Seismic now is rarely worked at its trace sample resolution of say 2 milliseconds, into lithology, poro-perms etc. When this is done, it invariably requires use of well data from local similar (?) geology, and much iteration via inversion procedures, to then have 50% probability of being wrong in complex exploration projects.
  • a primary problem that has limited progress in this task area is the fact that at any elevation in sedimentary basins, between say + 2000 metres and - 6000 metres, per very similar rock deposit, or lithofacies type, most elastics (sands, shale, mudstones) and carbonates (chalk, limestone) commonly exhibit wide ranges of velocity, porosity and permeability. So, who can say what 'normal' behaviour is?
  • Need 1 is to have a generic 'normal' geologic and petrophysical listing in depth, against which all other geological project data can be compared and information derived, instead of having to make from direct sensed data a different listing per different geological basin, and then have to construct specific methods to quantify any differences between that direct sensed model and all other remote sensed geophysical data.
  • the present invention uses filters, rules, libraries of physical evidence and other means to break down seismic (velocity, density) data into its 3 -classes of geological components, namely depositional lithology, normal lithology compaction and any local abnormal compaction.
  • Interval velocity, Vint as defined in co-pending Application No. (Case 1/2) is treated as the sum of velocity at datum zero, Vo, plus compaction normal, Kn.
  • Vint is modelled as Vo + Kn plus or minus any Vint variation by abnormal burial, Vint of Ka.
  • Quantified local presence / sequence/ sample or cell of Vint variation by abnormal burial Ka usually requires a rebalancing of Vo + Kn to continue to fit Vint.
  • the method of the present invention processes /samples (say 2ms) to differentiate any relative burial depth difference between normal generic depth set of geo and petro parameters and the project cell volume.
  • Vint of the project cell is understood as the sum of Vo + Kn adjusted in depth for the effect of Vint of Ka, then the project cell's lithology and poro-perms can be quantified by adjusting the generic normal data set. Therefore, these capacities include methods and means to quantify the separate and net causes and effects responsible for burial and or digenetic changes and their relative difference to the generic data set.
  • the present invention also includes the provision of means to alter output of several prior art methods, to provide relative burial depth equivalency differences plus 2 new methods to adjust for burial where water thickness varies and where sediments are relatively under-compacted, by cause of angle of slope.
  • Figure All:l summarises key parts of the present invention and Figure All:4: summarises where the extra work of the 6 key parts fits within prior art workflows. Overall, it adds up to around 50% more work done per project, by machine batch processing, objectively, rather than heavily HR driven, subjectively. Further, about l/3 rd of labour intensive, prior art work is done by the new art, by machine in batch processing.
  • the present invention includes the use of high resolution seismic trace data, already prepared as velocity Vint, and as a detailed, 3 -class model of geology, explaining present depth, lithology, normal compaction for that depth plus via the depth normalisation process, detail of present equivalent depth of burial.
  • the present invention also provides means for use in a specific depth normalised domain to convert such seismic and geological models into first porosity, then permeability, thus local capacity to act as seal, reservoir rock or carrier bed. Filters, rules, libraries of physical evidence and other means can be used to break down seismic geology into the minimum petrophysical components needed for sensible classification of probability of occurrence.
  • Porosity per lithology is charted for all depth ranges, in a normal geological setting. Normal is defined as one where filters find no evidence of abnormal causes of burial changes. Permeability is charted as a function of lithology and porosity. Before potential of a trapped reservoir rock can be assessed, need is to quantify the geometry of seals, so this is done by charting (Figs 3, 4) , assuming pore fill is water or brine.
  • the present invention therefore includes the taking of project seismic trace sample depth, Vint, lithology and relative depth difference to generic normal geo-petro data derived by the above methods and quantifies poro-perms and per sample, potential to perform as a seal, or reservoir or source rock. It then converts the 2D vertical seismic profile/ trace data into cells, for 2 purposes. Firstly it assesses source rock potential, fluid type and generation volumes using a method of listing lithology, normal & abnormal burial controls and digenesis. It then quantifies the whole project rock volume to find the areal extent of all vertical seals, searching laterally and vertically to quantify the gross rock volume of all stratigraphic and structural traps. It generates material quantifying migration paths to a 3D trap, &/or to the surface .
  • the present invention also includes the use of different construction material, to generate different output by different means. It uses seismic Vint data, scaled to well & generic model data, then converted to geology. These different materials are worked to materialise poro-perms and key source rock properties in a different, depth normalised domain. It then converts 2D seismic to be used like 3D seismic 3D cells, accessible in time or depth, to also quantify vertical closure and gross rock volume of all structural /strat traps in project area plus detail of source rock volumes, type, generation, maturity, etc.
  • the routine quantification processes, per seismic sample of interval velocity and lithology with or without use of well data using depth normalised methods provides extra means to quantify lithology.
  • the prior art necessarily uses local direct sensed information or subjectively chosen analogies.
  • An advantage of being able to quantify Vint plus lithology per seismic sample, with or without well data, is that this allows machine conversion with little further loss of accuracy of porosity then permeability, which themselves quantify rock capacity to act as seal or reservoir, and thus traps and their gross and net volumes.
  • a further advantage is automated provision of a detailed geologic model of lithology- facies and its normal compaction, plus compaction abnormalities, massively adding to asset team knowledge and their capacity to quantify risk.
  • advantage should improve success rates 50%, from one third to one half.
  • some 80% of this dry hole rate is caused by lack of means to sensibly map poro-perms.
  • the advantage should amend design specification of production facilities and wells to optimise flow rates and recovery, worth 10% of such cost.
  • activity is handicapped by lack of means to sensibly map poro-perms.
  • the present invention uniquely provides means to quantify all probable strat or structural trap gross rock volumes, plus source rock volumes, fluid types, maturity, migration paths, loss, etc from seismic.
  • Figure G3 shows fan shaped behaviour separating lithologies on poro-perm x-plot .
  • a bridge is constructed spanning seismic geophysics & geology.
  • Lithology i) , + compaction normal ii) have fixed normal relationships via Vo + K.
  • Vint velocity Vo + K.
  • Vint (Vo + K) +/- abnormal burial changes iii) . So, any change in i) or ii) must change those relationships, and any change in iii) must also change either i-ii) , or Vint.
  • Geologists must QC-QA split of Vint into a sensible i-iii) geo-model /cell, or agree with geophysicists a Vint / cell, allowing this.
  • lithology per seismic trace sample. This is derived by having generated the difference in depth, if any, required to normalise the project work cell, in which time velocity and depth are known, to position it at the depth of burial in the normal G&G property situation, which corresponds to the project cell data.
  • Work stage 1 processes lithology and compaction, assuming burial/ digenesis is as per normal. Normal here includes fluid brine fill.
  • Work stage 2 part 1 filters stage 1 seismic and G&G material for material separately providing evidence that model 1 G&G is locally wrong.
  • Work stage part 2 constructs evidence of net change per cell, of all separate causes, at sequence vertical resolution, within the velocity dept ⁇ h domain, and converts this into a depth adjustment, positive or negative, in fit relative to the generic norm.
  • Work stage part 3 converts project data into geology at sequence resolution, optionally linking with default systems to minimise risk that lateral and vertical variations in the geology are improbable.
  • Work stage 4 converts the above at trace sample resolution, with time averaging, to ensure that sequence thickness is proper, and that all sub sequence units are proper in respect of their time, velocity, depth, lithology Vo, Kn & vint of a.
  • the present invention allows seismic & seismic geology to be converted into poro-perms via knowledge of the difference in depth between local spatial model and the generic normal model.
  • Each trace is pseudo composite log, displaying 2-4D seismic in time or depth, as AI, Vint, Vo, K normal, Vint of K abnormal, and as Depth difference to generic, porosity, permeability, seal & reservoir via X-plot.
  • Default systems are optionally used to ensure multidisciplinary sense at and between every sample & cell.
  • the method described in said co-pending application provides input material as a 2-4 D seismic + processing velocities, which is worked to separate as far as sequence layer resolution allows, all significantly different rock homogeneities, and then refining accuracy of definition of their pattern, character, attributes, velocities Vint, and geometry in time and depth. It also also provides a first pass geologic quantification and QC of geology of deposition, as lithology as Vo and burial change as Kn, assuming it to be as per generic norm, optionally as locally (Vint of Ka) amended by well control.
  • Figure Gl shows normal geology, with depth/ velocity separation by several % of lithologies, fanlike. Seismic resolution of velocity & depth is a few %. So, in such 'normal geology, seismic velocity/ density largely explains lithology & compaction.
  • Vint from seismic is further QC'd, by processes addressing the fact that Vint should be very accurate, and may be helped to be so where geology is materialised (LCD) as the sum of deposition Vo + Kn normal burial change + Vint of Ka abnormal burial changes, expressed as D.
  • LCD geology is materialised
  • the present invention thus includes the provision of a processor equipped for receipt of the various types of input material, to then process the key causative controls acting to compact sediments. This is done at seismic trace samples, or groups of, +/- cells.
  • the primary end output is delta depth, relative to pre defined normal geology.
  • Fig 3:4 is a General Table in which the top left is the initial model worked in and input and the top right summarises the primary cause controls of property change in burial, and system of means to quantify.
  • the lower middle is means to confirm that Vint +/- Vint of delta D has high probability as a valid Vo + K normal model.
  • the method in the co-pending application referred to above derives and records depth differences between generic normal defined apparent lithology and associated properties at particular depths, and similar properties per similar lithology in local project wells derived lithologies.
  • Constrained are velocities (minima, maximums, gradients) to represent what is possible for the apparent lithologies and depths, recording adjustments made.
  • the present invention relates to the structure within which the industrial process of working out delta D, relative to the norm.
  • This structure has entry and storage and work and exit areas.
  • it is the several sets of processes that quantify the local effect, separately and collectively, of the several different geologic processes that cause rock property changes in burial. Of these, enough are described herein in enough detail to allow experts in the art to make systems do useful industrial work. It is noted that whereas each and collectively, these components do the job at say >80% efficiency, those with better logic and more time have much opportunity to design systems to achieve better results.
  • the method used thus models seismic to velocity Vint & depth, then computes lithology & compaction Vo + Kn, as if geology is as per generic norm, (or as scaled by locally available well data) , then this geological model is updated to account for material evidence of different compaction/ digenesis.
  • the depth difference is quantified from Vint of Ka, after Vint of Ka, abnormal compaction, is used to amend as appropriate Vo +Kn and thereby local cell lithology and generic model compaction.
  • the sloped line represents 'normal' compaction of a particular lithology
  • the intersection of the vertical and horizontal lines represents the different velocity, depth of the same lithology.
  • the need is for systems to quantify separate and net normal and abnormal burial alterations.
  • the first part of the work flow of the present invention uses high resolution sequence material .
  • the primary work structure calls upon the several 'filters to quantify burial changes & anomalies, per sequence', surface down, then to store such material. This is done at the highest chosen horizontal resolution per sequence.
  • Each component's material evidence of such changes (Vint of Ka, & associated delta depth) , see fig abnormal Vint & delta D, should then be processed to ensure that behaviour seen passes default settings of possible lateral and vertical behaviour .
  • a resolution error system is preferably provided to allow per sample or cell seismic Vint of generic normal geology Vo + Kn & abnormal Burial changes to equal resolution error. Any such errors registered must be deemed possible and pass defaults in 3D space & time.
  • the new rules and tools enable all geoscience disciplines to QC-QA that part in, the whole which they are expert in, is valid, under the requirement that what they approve does not make that which other experts approve, be collectively improbable.
  • initial estimates of lithology & velocity & porosity optionally density may be forecast for later use of velocity & density in working acoustic impedance.
  • Figure 4a to process geological cause controls, evolving parameters, via input material and direct sampled material.
  • Table 4 summarises the general tasks and workflow, luding optional actions.
  • Amended 1 adds depth (s) and age order, at which all particular causes/ effects of Vint of Ka occurred.
  • Wanda processing adjusts sequences beneath a surface water layer, to adjust differences between water and rock weight.
  • Run 1 assumes water density & corrects apparent depth equivalent of underlying sequences, by the difference between this and an approximate sediment density.
  • Run 2 is an iteration using rock densities based on litho-facies , & present density, based on velocity and density, derived using detail of porosity and fluids. It works from surface down through sequences, to input detail of vertical compaction.
  • water column thickness is known as 2 way time /2, times water velocity of say 1474m/s. e.g. 1 second one way time of water is 1474m depth.
  • the weight of water differs from weight of water filled sediment, by rock volume at about 2.6sg or per cc, + pore volume water, a little over lsg. As porosity reduces, weight difference compared with sea water increases. So, moving from shallow shelf to slope, water depth increases, and the weight acting to compact sediments relatively reduces.
  • Oil / gas fluid differences relative to brine are data based for access to the Fenda operation, per lithology, per unit depth, variable according to hydrocarbon type, density, saturation, and net probable effect on rock velocity.
  • Slenda calculates delta depth (difference) between project sequence volumes, and generic normal behavior, for slope sediments, where structural dip post deposition is associated with extension and probably thinning.
  • delta depth difference
  • vertical compaction is reduced by vector systems that transfer some of the vertical weight, down dip's lesser resistance.
  • Net burial change relative to generic normal is constructed, as a depth of burial difference, according to rules.
  • Calibration of lithology is a set of processes, worked, after delta D is generated, to double check that resultant, reconstituted lithology material is fit for purpose.
  • Default tables are used to highlight lateral and vertical changes within sequences and across sequence boundaries, on the basis of 'normal' associations of lithologies.
  • Tenda is modified to include use of rock conductivity information, accessed from tables, public domain.
  • Run 1 Compaction characteristics (Kn & Ka) are used in velocity depth domain terms to represent digenesis of physical and chemical alterations, adjusted per cell per sequence, to tune it for thermal controls.
  • a 3D cell volume map of conductivity coefficients is used, derived from tables of rock conductivity, and use of evolving information of rock type. To this is added information on sources of heat in the mapped volume, from basement, (low frequency correction, manual or grav-mag based) or from igneous matter as intrusions or dykes or sills moving via zones of weakness, deduced from the data as anomalies in local velocity.
  • Run 2 uses conductivity material corrected via density evidence based on porosity and fluids, i.e. re-input for iteration.
  • Local well tie alterations -work module is a term used for an alternative process of modelling net burial alteration, via processes using velocity, depth, lithology cross plots, of material before and after filter use. It started off as arbitrary, and became automated to this specification. Tables compiled from public domain material listing of local or generic world-wide averages of lithology types for sediments deposited, in basins of the structural burial systems consistent with that locally determined. The system then postulates a bulk or local well gridded data correction needed to shift sequences from present velocity depth lithology chart position to non burial anomalous position, using the constraint that deeper sequences necessarily have equal or greater anomaly potential for correction than shallower ones. This method deduces one model of burial alteration.
  • BINDA works effectively, in inverted volumes, of little erosion loss. Best practice needs to combine material from various models. The arbitrary system tends to provide missing evidence .
  • Litho-facies Function of lithology, environment, structural setting, climate, all to be defined per geo-cell. Derive evidence at sequence resolution using seismic interpretation data, geometry & seis strat, and well data as available. Commence by subtracting burial alterations from apparent geology. Map Lithology. Map depositional environment, and structural setting. Add palaeo climate data if available. QC that changes registered are possible and pass defaults in 3D space & time.
  • the present invention extends filters capacity to isolate information on specific types of causes of burial alteration, and are new ways to quantify net burial change cause and effect.
  • the invention extends the range of filters used to isolate information on specific types of causes of depositional litho-facies, and new ways to quantify net litho- facies cause and effect.
  • the present invention uses specific filters set as defaults by processing of the input data into both burial and depositional cause control models. These models are used to remove information of high risk, and classify all information in terms of risk, relative to model. QA- QC services, & De-compound Resolution error system.
  • Capacity is put in place to allow re- iteration to rework material that includes density, (quantified after porosity is quantified) for re quantif cation using velocity & density of acoustic impedance.
  • Seismic is the primary input to this work system, and seismic is based on measurement of acoustic impedance changes
  • AI combined with reflected wave- form.
  • AI is about 4 parts velocity and 1 part density [changes] .
  • the prior art tends to work in a velocity-compaction- depth- lithology domain, without properly quantifying compaction, so putting contingent risks across the whole work domain.
  • the present invention works in a velocity, density, compaction and lithology, depth normalised domain. It leads to use of seismic resolved at the sample rate of say 2 milliseconds per trace, commonly better than lOmetres vertical .
  • the present invention includes work and assembly formatted for statistical analysis of fit.
  • the method of the present invention also includes the provision of information on • Thermal conductivity of sediments blanketing the potential source rocks from above, and influencing heat supply from below.
  • Seismic & seismic geology is converted into poro-perms via knowledge of the difference in depth between local spatial model and the generic normal model.
  • Each trace entered is a pseudo composite log, displaying 2-4D seismic in time or depth, as AI, Vint, Vo, K normal, (lithology) Vint of K abnormal, and as Depth difference to generic model.
  • the production line produces extras, as porosity, permeability, seal & reservoir via X-plot. Default systems are optionally used to ensure multidisciplinary sense at and between every sample & cell.
  • Primary deliverable, for normalised G&G processing of seismic, is petrophysical poro-perms, plus associated quantification of seal, reservoir and carrier bed properties.
  • a processor equipped for receipt of the various types of input material, specifically including output in which is generated the material parameters, per layer and per cell and assemblages of cell and layer parameters to isolate quantify and quality control the petrophysics needed to quantify the geometry of sealing rocks, so traps can be quantified.
  • Lithology, velocity & depth are made by the depth normalisation method per seismic trace sample, and entered. This is converted to Porosity total (& optionally, effective) then Permeability, from depth normalised charts, relationships and algorithms. Then, from cross plots of poro-perms, Seal, reservoir rock potential and carrier bed characteristics are materialised. Optionally, conversion to Pseudo Gravity & Magnetic fields, & fit to real data is performed.
  • An A-C-E balance may be used to constrain values (minima, maximums, gradients) to represent what is possible for the parameters concerned, under the causal controls concerned, recording adjustments made. This derives and records differences between generic normal defined values, project well derived values, and the values generated as described above. This allows reiteration to QC/QA values that do not integrate across the multidisciplinary workflow, in which each discipline sets the defaults. Then, they are made aware of cells where their default set parameters are exceeded by work which may not exceed defaults set by other disciplines. Since Vint must equal Vo + Kn +/- Vint of Ka, then reject by one discipline must make all disciplines agree a most probable A ⁇ C ⁇ E balance.
  • Output of porosity is of both total & effective, to avoid confusion, by use of shale component, where 100% shale has effective porosity of 0%, and 25% shale reduces total porosity by 25%, etc., either proportionately or scaled. Further, means allow performance of need to spot check, or to generate visibility of this material at or from individual data points, in seismic interpretation.
  • Methods of generating from seismic a pseudo sonic log allow lithology and depth at seismic resolution, providing means to make material DIRK concerning potential for such inter-beds to occur, and each their litho-facies and porosity, subject to use of these x disciplinary depth normalisation processes .
  • Figure 4:5 shows a cross plot of porosity % & permeability milledarcies log scale, upon which >15 lithofacies are commonly seismically resolvable to enable use of plots between clean sand and shale, and a few (salt, some evaporites, dykes, sills etc) plot in the lower left corner.
  • Figure 4:6 shows how seismic trace samples can be displayed as Seal, carrier bed, reservoir quality. Once lithology & poro-perms are quantified / sample, not only can seals & reservoir and rocks be characterised. The material evolved by the method of the present invention can be converted into Pseudo Gravity & Magnetic fields, & fit to real data .
  • ACE balance Constrain values (minima, maximums, gradients) to represent what is possible for the parameters concerned, under the causal controls concerned, recording adjustments made. Derive and record differences between depth normalised values and well derived values. Iterate integration as required.
  • the systems include
  • this invention ensures that work is assembled and formatted for statistical analysis of fit, or other purposes .
  • Risk Analysis includes Fit between output data is derived as a measure of probability of correct prognosis.
  • Seismic data is displayed in colours to represent depositional lithology, total porosity, permeability and seal and reservoir characteristics, adjusted to conform with influences identified in all parts of the present invention.
  • Resolution achieved is that of the seismic, i.e. +/- several metres vertical and horizontal.
  • the processing is in two parts .
  • Acoustic impedance data is used, integrating it with mapped sequence velocity and density information, via both IPR pubic domain elements based on Lindseth's 'Seislog', & Oldenburg, [reverse engineering of the way synthetic seismic is made from electric log data] & new methods and means.
  • Specific filters can be set as defaults by processing of the input data into rock property effect models. These models are used to remove information of high risk, and classify all information in terms of risk, relative to model.
  • Fig 4:7 the four columns on the right show seismic samples as total & effective porosity, permeability and seal- reservoir quality. Seismic traces are converted into pseudo sonic logs, in part by calibration with sequence depth conversion velocities, and reverse-engineering public domain methods for turning sonic data into a synthetic seismogram.
  • the invention accesses trap gross rock volume by putting into a new material store/ data base, just copies of data from cells that act as seal.
  • the flat surface used and moved down, cell by cell can be tilted, if it is believed that water flow under the trap causes such tilt.
  • the trap's gross rock volume equals approximately the sum of cells e.g. default 10m thick, so 10m thick flat surfaces, inclusive, between the surface base above spilling surface and the base of seal .
  • the present invention accesses potential source rock volume by putting into a new material store/ data base, just copies of data from cells that have potential to act as source. So, a set of material is constructed in a data base, keyed to generic normal geology and depth, per lithofacies / lithology deemed to have source potential. The material so transferred to the source study volume details per cell, depth difference between generic norm and local.
  • the method of the present invention also includes the provision of information on

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Abstract

L'invention porte, dans l'exploration et la production de pétrole et de gaz, sur un procédé de traitement de normalisation de profondeur, par échantillons de traces sismiques locaux, lequel procédé matérialise des différences entre un modèle générique et le modèle de profondeur local, de façon à fournir des détails d'un enfouissement effectif maximal, par la connaissance de l'enfouissement générique et le travail sur les contrôles de causalité locale lors du compactage et la digenèse, de façon à quantifier alors la lithologie de roche locale qui s'adapte le mieux aux attributs sismiques dans de telles circonstances d'enfouissement locales. Ceci produit un mécanisme de transformation pour intégrer une géologie locale à la géophysique (y compris l'électromagnétisme, la gravité et le magnétisme), puis à la pétrophysique, à la résolution des données sismiques. Le procédé de traitement de normalisation de profondeur convertit les traces sismiques en Vint plus une transformée de validation lithologique de dépôt de données sismiques afin de quantifier la porosité, la perméabilité, et, par conséquent, la capacité d'un sédiment à jouer le rôle d'étanchéité, de roche-réservoir ou de réservoir, et, par conséquent, à effectuer la cartographie cellulaire de toutes les strates et de tous les pièges structuraux et leurs volumes rocheux bruts, plus des volumes et des types de source.
PCT/GB2012/000384 2011-04-26 2012-04-26 Exploration et production de pétrole et de gaz WO2012146894A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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GB1106840.0 2011-04-26
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US9194968B2 (en) 2010-05-28 2015-11-24 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method for seismic hydrocarbon system analysis
CN108427141A (zh) * 2017-02-15 2018-08-21 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种在沉积地层中识别与提取周期性波动的方法及***
CN108732617A (zh) * 2017-04-21 2018-11-02 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种地震数据废道剔除方法及装置
CN109001798A (zh) * 2017-06-07 2018-12-14 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种自动识别异常道的方法及***
CN109001799A (zh) * 2017-06-07 2018-12-14 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种自动识别异常道的方法及***
CN112363246A (zh) * 2020-10-29 2021-02-12 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 一种火成岩岩性识别方法及装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9194968B2 (en) 2010-05-28 2015-11-24 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method for seismic hydrocarbon system analysis
CN108427141A (zh) * 2017-02-15 2018-08-21 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种在沉积地层中识别与提取周期性波动的方法及***
CN108427141B (zh) * 2017-02-15 2019-08-30 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种在沉积地层中识别与提取周期性波动的方法及***
CN108732617A (zh) * 2017-04-21 2018-11-02 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种地震数据废道剔除方法及装置
CN109001798A (zh) * 2017-06-07 2018-12-14 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种自动识别异常道的方法及***
CN109001799A (zh) * 2017-06-07 2018-12-14 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种自动识别异常道的方法及***
CN112363246A (zh) * 2020-10-29 2021-02-12 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 一种火成岩岩性识别方法及装置

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