WO2012143936A1 - Smart active antenna radiation pattern optimising system for mobile devices achieved by sensing device proximity environment with property, position, orientation, signal quality and operating modes - Google Patents

Abstract

The smart dynamic radiation pattern optimising system is a design and technique to actively shape & optimise the radiation pattern of mobile device controlled by smart RF/Antenna system with signal processing capability that works by sensing the change in device proximity environment with nature or property, orientation, position, location with signal quality parameters to protect the user by controlling radiation exposure, enhance RF signal quality and to save battery power. Mobile devices are handled in different proximity environment which influence the antenna performance due to electromagnetic interaction based on environments properties that leads to detuning, radiation pattern distortion, impedance mismatch etc which in turn degrades the signal quality. Also change in device orientation according to usage leads to power loss due to polarization mismatch. So when the signal quality degrades the system will sense & compute in an adaptive closed loop manner to actively optimise the radiation pattern according to scenarios. The design consist of (a) a sensor system (220) to determine the change in proximity environment [close vicinity] with property sensing, direction & position, device (antenna) orientation, user head & hand hold effect, usage scenarios or operating modes, location and accordingly generate the trigger signal (230); (b) a processing unit (150) for computing the interrupt control signal (140) according to trigger signal & existing signal quality parameters; (c) Smart active radiation pattern optimiser (120) that works based on control signal; (d) Antenna system (110) capable of achieving dynamic radiation pattern coupled with radiation pattern optimiser that actively shapes and controls the radiation pattern accordingly to improve signal quality and also restores radiation according to scenarios to optimise communication. Other aspects of the present invention are the same sensor system (220) is utilised to develop an application that guides the user locate & position the mobile device in living space to achieve optimised performance and also to protect the mobile device from theft.

Description

SMART ACTIVE ANTENNA RADIATION PATTERN OPTIMISING SYSTEM FOR MOBILE DEVICES ACHIEVED BY SENSING DEVICE PROXIMITY ENVIRONMENT WITH PROPERTY, POSITION, ORIENTATION, SIGNAL QUALITY AND OPERATING MODES FILED OF INVENTION:-

[001] The present invention is related to mobile communication and particularly to smart active antenna radiation pattern optimising system for wireless mobile device works based on sensor system, operating modes or usage scenarios and signal quality parameters.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:

[002] To communicate with the network, mobile phones radiate electromagnetic waves when being used. The antennas in these wireless devices are used for receiving and radiating transmitted signal for communication. Signal quality parameters are not the only one to taken into account in designing the antenna system of mobile device but it is also important to make sure that the user RF exposure levels Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) are within compliance and standards. Mobile devices are handled close against different proximity environments and platforms, depends upon usage scenarios that causes electromagnetic interaction with environments based on its properties which in turn can leads to degradation of signal quality. Also device orientation change according to usage can leads to power loss due to polarization mismatch. In scenarios like when the signal quality is weak the fixed radiation pattern design without sensing the nature of proximity environment and orientation can leads to radiations in directions that are less effective which in turn causes degradation in signal quality. In case of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output [MIMO] antennas arrays the performance is very sensitive to the implementation of the antennas, the environment in which the devices is being used and even the orientation of the device itself. This means that a small change in the position of the device when in use can result in significant change in data rate. For example, the user experience of a downloading speed or streaming video etc could go from excellent to marginal or poor just because the device was moved slightly during use. Moreover, the presence of user hand and body cause radiation pattern distortion or detuning of the antennas and absorption of the radiation power, thus affecting the efficiency and correlation performance of the antenna array. The constant mobility of the mobile device when in usage further reinforces the need for sustainable performance.

[003] It is not been proved that the generally handled positions of mobile phones to be absolutely safe and is not hazardous. World Health Organization has classified mobile phone radiation as possibly carcinogenic. The World Health Organization (WHO) has also concluded that the precautionary approach is an appropriate response to the lack of scientific consensus regarding the long term health effects of exposure to cell phone radiation. An IEEE journal on Microwave Theory and Techniques shows that the penetration level of radiation is more in children's as the width of skull is less and can also have effect on baby of pregnant women's. The Journal of the American Medical Association by researchers from the National Institutes of Health and the Brookhaven

5 National Lab identifies effect showing through their experiments that holding a cell phone to the ear increases the metabolic activity of nearby brain tissue. In addition to cancer issue lot of other possible health concerns the radiation can leads to are electromagnetic hypersensitivity, thermal or heating effect, non thermal effect, genotoxic effect, fatigue, loss of memory, cognitive effect, sleep effect, ringing ears,

.0 effect on electro-medical devices like pacemaker & hearing aid etc. Several studies investigating the potential health effects of radiation on brain electrical activity, joint pain, heart rate, blood pressure, immune system are under the way. Research conducted regarding health concerns of radiation have increased, papers are published and researches are carried on regarding the long term effects of radiation and its

.5 medical complications. Generally these researches will take long time to produce results [advanced clinical report] and by that time the effect caused by the radiation can be substantial like for example smoking causes lung cancer, tobacco usage causes mouth cancer etc are confirmed after many years of study. The mobile phones have become an essential part of many lives not only for communication but also to handle safety and emergency situations. Regulatory Government bodies around the world have adopted international safety guidelines developed by scientific organizations governing the exposure to RF radiation and the mobile phones are designed to operate within these stringent limits. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is the measure of amount of radiation or electromagnetic energy absorbed by body when exposed to radiating

:5 devices like mobile phone and has units of watts per kilogram (W/kg). It's a difficult to build an antenna system with more filed strength for better communication and reduced SAR to protect the user from radiation. Most of the radiation shielding products [like stickers, covers etc] available in the market works in standalone mode which is not a smart or closed loop design to work efficiently according to scenarios. Some can also o hamper the radiated power that leads to negative impact by reducing the signal quality which in turn makes the antenna system to increase the transmitting power level to maintain communication thereby also reducing the battery life.

[004] Sensing the change in mobile device proximity environment with its property plays an important role due to electromagnetic radiations interaction with these

5 environments. But currently the antenna system or radiation protection designs are not much concerned about detecting the change in device proximity environment or its property sensing with device orientation to control the radiation pattern which is essential in optimising signal quality as well as protecting the user form radiation. There are some designs to reduce SAR and the main drawback with these designs that uses

0 power regulator, power governing systems etc are it mainly focus on reducing the overall transmit power levels which in turn reduces the signal strength and the possibility of the signal to reach the base station that affects the quality of communication. Proximity environment, orientation, location, position etc of a mobile device are not a constant in real world scenarios and mostly the antenna system tested

5 in lab are just designed to perform optimally which wont helps to efficiently enhancing the performance. It is hard for an antenna system [just with existing signal quality parameters] to act smartly according to scenarios without actively sensing the above parameters. As the mobile device proximity environment and orientation changes the fixed radiation pattern also leads to power loss due to radiation in less effective

10 directions.

OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION:

[005] Objective of the invention is to achieve an optimised solution in enhancing RF signal quality, protecting the mobile user by reducing radiation exposure levels and to save battery power of wireless mobile devices.

L5 STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION:

[006] The radiation pattern optimising system actively computes and optimise the radiation pattern based on trigger signal from sensor system that sense the close vicinity or proximity environment with property, direction, device orientation, location, position, usage scenarios & operating modes there by precisely sensing the effect of

10 proximity environment, direction of proximity environment with respect to device, magnitude of impedance mismatch [SWR & return loss] with lookup table, radiation pattern distortion levels, user detection, device (antenna) orientation sensing, power loss due to polarization loss factor (PLF), sensing user [body, head & hand hold effects], effect of mobile device platform in addition to existing signal quality parameters is [like gain, Received Signal Strength Identifier (RSSI) or Active Set Update (ASU), antenna sensitivity, signal strength to signal quality ratio, location, position, Signal to noise and interference ratio (SNIR), Total Isotropic Sensitivity (TIS), transmit power level, Total Radiated Power (TRP), channel capacity in an active, adoptive and closed loop manner. The radiation pattern is optimised through controlling gain & directivity,

50 adaptive beam forming, shaping, switching, steering, spatial filtering, adoptive antenna system to match polarisation, controlling transmit power levels etc according to scenarios.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:

[007] To address the issues with other designs and to enhance the signal quality with S5 reduced SAR, the present invention provides a smart active dynamic radiation pattern approach that works mainly based on sensing the change in device proximity environment with its property, position and device orientation to actively shape & optimise the antenna radiation pattern, match polarisation, control transmit power levels, controls gain & directivity, resonant frequency etc utilising active, smart and adaptive closed loop system with signal processing capability is presented. The main advantage of the present invention is that the system predominantly utilises the already existing components of the mobile device with little more sophistication and coding thereby makes implementation easy and substantially reducing the implementation cost. The system works in conjunction with existing communication system standards, architecture, radio access techniques, signal quality parameters and specifications there by support the mobile device to efficiently enhance its performance [E.g. mobile communication, Wi-Fi, WiMax, Bluetooth, Zigbee etc]. It is practically difficult to make sure that the user handles the mobile devices in an optimised position to achieve best performance as user might not be aware of or always technically sound to understand the issue behind it. So the present invention provides a solution that can act smartly according to scenarios. The antennas are not smart by itself but it is the antenna systems that makes it to work smartly. In case of mobile antenna system design it is important to take SAR into account while designing signal quality enhancement system. So generally user head & hand hold effects, SAR etc are taken into account. But with the property sensing capability of the present invention the system can more precisely sense the user & other proximity environment [in addition to usage scenarios] with their effects on radiation pattern, its direction and position with respect to device (antenna) in real time usage scenarios to achieve an optimised solution in user protection and enhancing signal quality. Instead of reducing the overall radiated power with other designs to reduce SAR the present invention primarily focus on multi mode dynamic radiation pattern and multi directional antenna amplification for actively shaping, controlling and reducing the intensity of radiation on direction facing the user or affecting proximity environments and accordingly maintaining the radiation on other directions taking existing signal quality parameters into account to maintain quality of communication. In scenarios like when the signal quality is weak or drops below threshold the present invention provides more flexibility than other designs by sensing and improving signal quality as well as protecting user by maintaining the radiations on user facing directions according to. SAR compliance and standards while altering the intensity on other direction to sustain communication. The protection system not only controls the radiation on user facing direction to reduce SAR [E.g. During direct phone call conversation] but also actively restores radiation according to parameters, scenarios and configuration to optimise communication [E.g. speaker mode, head set or hands free, download or data transfer mode etc]. The sensor system scans frequently or based on configurations and usage scenarios. By shaping or focussing the radiation in right direction, power and time can also saves battery power. The present invention utilises either one or combination of following aspects to optimise the radiation pattern.

[008] According to one aspect of present invention the proximity or contact sensor will sense the change in proximity environment or platform of wireless mobile device with its property, direction and position. The change in proximity environment of the mobile device leads to antenna degradation [like radiation pattern distortion, change in input impedance, antenna detuning, fading, absorption, reflection etc] caused by interacting electromagnetic waves with environment based on its property or nature. So the" system works by sensing the change in proximity environments with property, position &

5 direction with respect to device (antenna) and accordingly to shape and optimise the radiation pattern [in corresponding directions]. The sensor system senses the change in proximity environment with its property, position, direction and triggers the processing unit accordingly. The processing unit compute the control signal based on trigger, antenna impedance, lookup table and existing signal quality parameters to determine

L0 how the radiation pattern has to be shaped or optimised with corresponding transmit power levels. Based on the control signal the radiation pattern optimiser will direct the RF/antenna system to actively control and optimise the radiation pattern to enhance signal quality.

[009] According to another aspect of the present invention to further enhance the

L5 efficiency of the system orientation sensors like gyro sensor, accelerometer, E-compass or magnetometer and similar sensors [multi axis or dimension] are utilised to actively sense the change in device [antenna] orientation and accordingly vary, align or optimise the smart reconfigurable RF/antenna system that can change or adopt to actively match polarization of communicating devices to enhance the signal quality. The change in

!0 orientation of the mobile device [antenna] is hard to reliably predict and the system helps to actively sense & mitigate the power loss due to polarization mismatch and thus controls the polarization loss factor [PLF]. The orientation sensor actively senses the change in device orientation and triggers the processing unit accordingly. The processing unit computes the control signal based on trigger signal, oblique instincts,

»5 threshold levels and other signal quality parameters to determine the nature of orientation or excitation phase to be adopted. Based to control signal the system will optimise the reconfigurable antenna system to match the polarization thereby enhancing the signal quality. The antenna system directed to actively match or optimise to either one common or reference polarization [predetermined one] else based on the

10 actively shared information to optimise polarization between communicating devices accordingly.

[010] According to another aspect of present invention the trigger signal is based on usage scenarios or operating modes like direct call mode, speaker mode or hands free or headset detection, belt pouch or clip sensor, key pad or touch screen detection, Wi- i5 Fi or Wimax or Bluetooth mode, sensing wireless modem mode or data transfer mode, cradle or holder sensor, standby mode etc. The processing unit will analyse the corresponding trigger signal from either one or combination of multiple components with signal quality parameters to determine the nature of the control signal to radiation pattern optimiser. The radiation pattern optimiser will direct the RF/antenna system to

0 optimise the radiation pattern accordingly. [011] According to another aspect of present invention the processing unit depends upon the communication system design, scenarios and corresponding acting modes of the devices actively shares information & parameters between the communicating devices and utilise either one or more parameters like devices proximity environment 5 with property, device orientations [antenna orientation], location, position, altitude, signal quality parameters etc to shape and optimise the radiation pattern between them accordingly.

[012] According to another aspect of the present invention the system utilise field mapping tables or threshold level tables or lookup tables which are the comparison

L0 tables to actively check and compares the effects between predetermined and tested real world scenarios to the actual real world scenarios with which the system actively optimise the antenna radiation pattern. Parameters like proximity environment with property sensing, [change in or effect of proximity environment on] input impedance, return loss or SWR, radiation efficiency, near and far fields, loss monitors, various

L5 location & position, orientation (all at various frequencies), excitation phase, direction, various usage scenarios, operating modes and signal quality parameters are all taken into account and utilised depends upon design for the computing the predetermined and tested mapping. These tables helps to determine the change in proximity environment with property, direction, position, user sensing, antenna orientation of

!0 communicating devices and effect caused by it more precisely so that the system can shape or optimise the radiation pattern efficiently.

[013] According to another aspect of the present invention the antenna system [E.g. antenna arrays or MIMO antenna] itself act as sensors in sensing the change in proximity environment with its nature based on change in antenna impedance, return

Ϊ5 loss or SWR & gain [across various antenna like arrays] there by shaping and optimising the radiation pattern according to predetermined and tested field mapping table computed with real world scenarios [performed with various frequencies depends upon the system design]. The system can sense the effect of proximity environment and its direction with respect to device (antenna). The processing unit sense the

I0 change in input impedance, return loss or SWR & gain, signal quality, channel capacity across antennas [various antennas] and compute with the predetermined & tested table to shape and optimise the radiation pattern.

[014] According to another aspect of present invention an application software is developed utilising sensor system parameters, signal quality parameters, channel

I5 capacity, usage scenarios & operating modes that guides the user to select the optimum location and position for using the mobile device in user living space thereby to achieving best signal quality, reduced radiation exposure levels and saving battery power. The processing unit actively compute to guide based on sensor system parameters, signal quality parameters and operating modes or usage scenarios to

[0 determine the optimum location. [015] In yet another aspect of present invention a smart active mobile device protection & tracking system is developed utilising the sensor system to sense the unauthorised access to mobile device thereby alerting the actual mobile user to protect the device. The present invention works utilising combination of sensor system and application to smartly protect the mobile device from theft. When a device is disturbed by or through unauthorised access the system will sense the change in sensor system parameters and expects & await for authentication. If authenticated successfully as per pre configuration the system won't alert but if not authenticated the system will alert the user by ringing, vibrating, illuminating, active location tracking etc. Also the activated system acts according to incoming call, SMS, mails etc depends upon the configuration.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DIAGRAM:

[016] To get a comprehensive understanding of the system, diagrams are described by examples.

FIG. 1 illustrates components of the system - radiations from mobile device widely in all directions with base station and dotted lines representing the controlled reduced radiation on user facing direction

FIG. 2 illustrates various mobile device handling position models. The front and top view of mobile device radiation incident on user head and the dotted lines representing the controlled radiation on direction facing the user head while maintaining the radiation on other directions

FIG. 3 illustrates mobile device on various usage positions, proximity environment or platforms and device orientations.

FIG. 4 illustrate the block diagram of portable wireless device with components of smart radiation pattern optimising system according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates the flowchart and describes the method of operation of the smart radiation pattern optimising system.

FIG. 6 illustrates proximity sensor system sensing the user and proximity environment with nature.

FIG. 7 illustrates the mobile device with models of 2x2 and 4x4 antenna arrays with proximity and orientation sensors.

FIG. 8 illustrates the models of potential communication systems to utilise the system like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth with various modes.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION:

[017] The main aim of smart radiation pattern optimising system is to achieve an optimised solution in balancing between enhancing signal quality simultaneously reducing SAR. When the signal quality degrades or reaches below the threshold level the system monitors, computes and shape the radiation pattern accordingly in real time to achieve the best signal quality. As multiple parameters are taken into account for optimising the radiation pattern the system to make sure that the optimisation is done by taking one or more parameters according to scenarios, communication system design and acting modes with ultimately prioritising & optimising between to achieve best signal quality, protect user by reducing radiation exposure levels and to save

5 battery power. The smart radiation pattern optimising system also utilise the following aspects with artificial intelligence & neural network for sensing & learning the scenarios [routine usage] thereby to act accordingly. When multiple proximity environments surrounding the device, the system checks for appropriate space & proximity environment based on its property, device orientation, location, position, channel

10 capacity and signal quality parameters for selecting the best feasible directions to actively shape and optimise the radiation pattern.

[018] FIG. 1 illustrates the components of the wireless network according to the present invention consisting of Mobile device 100, User 170, Base station 190 and the radiation 180. To communicate with the network wireless mobile device 100 radiate

L5 electromagnetic waves that are received by the base station 190 to connect with the backbone network. During this communication the antenna of the mobile device 100 radiates power widely in all direction. This leads to portion of radiation 180 facing the user 170 to be absorbed by user body which leads to lot of medical complications. The system controls the intensity of radiation 180 [dotted lines] facing the user 170 to

10 reduce SAR while accordingly maintaining the radiation on other directions to sustain quality of communication. The system not only controls the radiation on user facing direction while correspondingly maintaining the radiation on other directions but also restores radiation on user facing direction according to operating modes, usage scenarios & signal quality parameters to enhance communication.

»5 [019] FIG. 2 illustrates various models of mobile device direct call conversation position & usage. As the mobile handling position and device orientation changes according to usage the system sense various device proximity usage positions with its orientations and accordingly vary the radiation pattern [align the controlling of radiation pattern] to sustain communication and reduce SAR. Also the last two figures illustrates the to radiation incident on user head 175 from wireless mobile device 100 with front and top view diagrams and the dotted lines representing the controlled and reduced radiation 180 on direction facing head as per the present invention while maintaining the radiations on other directions.

[020] FIG. 3 illustrates mobile device on various positions, proximity environments or I5 platforms and different orientation that changes according to usage. The system senses the device proximity environment and orientation to optimise the radiation accordingly.

[021] FIG. 4 is a block diagram describing the working principle of smart antenna radiation pattern optimising system. Actually lot of components are there in mobile device 100 and the block diagram gives a brief description about various integral io components according to present invention like antenna system 110, smart active radiation pattern optimiser 120, sensor system 220, trigger signal 230, interrupt control signal 140, processor 150, RF/transceiver system 160 etc. In general mobile cell phones consist of processor that controls the overall functions of the device. The processor handles lot of operations and the disclosed invention primarily focused on processor 150 interacting with sensor system 220, trigger signal 230, interrupt control signal 140, RF/transceiver system 160, smart radiation pattern optimiser 120 etc. The processing unit manipulate the control signal to actively optimise the radiation pattern based on trigger signal from sensor system 220, signal quality parameters [like gain, RSSI or ASU, antenna sensitivity, SNIR, antenna impedance, TIS/TRP, PLF etc], sensing user head & hand hold effects, transmit power levels, channel capacity, operating mode or usage scenarios. Sensor system 220 is a combination of various sensors like proximity sensors, orientation sensors, direction, location & position sensors etc and also the system acquire information from other components to monitor the usage scenarios or operating modes of mobile device for generating trigger signal 230. As the system works with critical mobile functions like signal quality enhancement, user protection and saving battery power a high priority interrupt can be assigned for manipulating the control signal 140 if a general mobile processor is used. In another aspect of the present invention a dedicated RF processing unit can be used for the manipulation of control signal 140 to smart radiation pattern optimizer 120 or in yet another aspect the radiation pattern optimiser 120 itself can be used for the manipulation of the control signal 140 by taking corresponding parameters into account.

[022] According to one aspect of the present invention the sensor system 220 proximity sensors determines the change in wireless device 100 proximity environment with its property and will send the corresponding trigger signal 230 to the processor 150. The processor 150 initiate interrupt service routine based on trigger signal from sensor system 220. The nature of trigger signal 230, input impedance and other transceiver 160 signal quality parameters are utilised by the processor 150 to compute the nature of the interrupt control signal 140 to smart radiation pattern optimiser 120. Based on the interrupt control signal 140 the smart radiation pattern optimiser 120 actively shape & optimise the radiation pattern utilising corresponding RF/antenna system 110 to protect the user 170 & enhance signal quality. The sensor system utilised are [e.g. proximity or contact sensor] capable of scanning & sensing the property of proximity environment with its positions [E.g. permittivity-ε, permeability-μ, conductivity-σ, susceptibility, dielectric constants, capacitive sensing, capacitive displacement sensing etc]. For example the sensor system like capacitive proximity sensor works by generating the electric field and measuring the attenuations suffered by the field there by detecting the proximity environment with its property. Since the measurement of attenuation or distortion suffered by the EM waves from antenna can differ from that of the field created by sensor system a predetermined and tested field mapping table [with threshold levels] between sensor system and antenna radiation is utilised for sensing, comparing & matching the nature and effect caused by the proximity environment for further manipulation. Even one or more sensors are utilised to precisely sense proximity environment and user device proximity with head, body and hand hold effects that are taken into account for computing the trigger signal. Also when the device is not in 5 proximity to the user in scenarios like speaker mode, used for data transfer or as internet modem, the system will dynamically change its radiation pattern accordingly to improve the data transfer rates and quality of communication.

[023] According to another aspect of the present invention to further enhance the efficiency of the system in addition to other sensors the sensor system 220 utilises gyro

L0 sensor, accelerometer, E-compass or magnetometer etc and similar sensor to actively sense the change in orientation and direction of the wireless mobile device 100 and accordingly reconfigure antenna to actively match the polarisation to enhance the signal quality. The orientation of the mobile device 100 changes depends on usage scenarios for example during data transfer or call conversation mode the user might use the

L5 device in different orientation angles and positions like while standing, sitting on a chair, laying on a bed etc, which leads to change orientation of device. So controlling the polarisation should also align according to antenna orientation of corresponding communicating device to efficiently match polarisation. The system works by sensing the change in device [antenna] orientation and actively controlling or reconfiguring

10 antenna orientations or excitation phase or varying the dual polarization ratios with smart antenna system to match the polarisation of corresponding communicating device. The system actively sense, optimise and mitigate the power loss due to polarization mismatch. Another issue the Mean Effective Gain [MEG] is always treated as single, fixed number which is only valid for certain fixed orientations of antenna with

15 respect to the direction of the multipath components in the propagation channel. This explains reason why moving the mobile phone on your head to a different angle can sometimes increase reception. Mobile device antennas are often linearly polarized, so rotating the device can often match the polarization of the phone and thus increase reception. But in practical situations the orientation of the handset [and thus its antenna]

JO cannot be reliably predicted. Moreover channel properties such as cross-polarization ratio and the angular spread are stochastic variables in nature. The sensor system sense & compute with device orientation, lookup table, oblique instincts, signal quality, channel capacity and accordingly reconfigures the corresponding antenna system [E.g. switching or reconfigurable antennas, control excitation phase etc] to optimise radiation

55 pattern with subsequent polarization in real time thereby matching polarisation of communicating devices to control the Polarization Loss Factor (PLF). Based on the trigger signal 230 from orientation sensors 220 and signal quality parameters from transceiver 160 the processor 150 compute the nature of control signal 140 to radiation pattern optimiser 120. The radiation pattern optimiser 120 controls the reconfigurable

10 antenna systems orientation or excitation phase according to the control signal 140 thereby to match polarisation and enhance the signal quality. The antenna system of the communicating devices works by either sensing the change in device [antenna] orientation or based on actively shared information between communicating devices regarding its own orientation else optimising to one common or reference polarization 5 [predetermined one] to match polarisation between communicating devices. Orientation threshold levels are utilised to vary & reconfigure the antenna orientation or excitation phase and the levels are fine tuned according to design and requirement.

[024] According to another aspect of the present invention the sensor system 220 determines the change in operating mode or usage scenarios of mobile device by

0 sensing either one or more parameters comprise of direct phone call mode, speaker mode, hands free, headset detection, video call mode, bluetooth mode, belt pouch or clip sensor, key pad or touch screen detection, internet access or download mode, Wi- Fi mode, sensing wireless modem mode or data transfer mode, standby mode, cradle or holder sensor etc and generate the trigger signal 230. The processor 150 computes

5 the control signal 140 to smart radiation pattern optimiser 120 based on signal from either one or combination of multiple sensors and operating modes simultaneously accounting signal quality parameters from transceiver 160. Based on the interrupt control signal 140 the radiation pattern optimiser 120 will control the RF/antenna systems 110 to vary radiation pattern accordingly to enhance signal quality. The system

D protects the user from radiation in some scenarios where trigger signal can be based on just sensing one parameters for example in direct call mode mostly the user use the mobile device proximity to head which is taken as a parameter to control the radiations on user facing direction [the system also utilise sensor system parameters to further enhance the performance].

5 [025] According to another aspect of present invention the processing unit depends upon the communication system and corresponding acting modes of the devices, actively shares information or parameters between the communicating devices regarding devices like proximity environment with property, device [antenna] orientations, location, position, altitude, channel capacity, signal quality parameters etc

D and the devices antenna system utilise either one or more parameters to shape and optimise the radiation pattern between them. The sensor system 220 generate trigger signal 230 based on the predetermined & shared parameters. The processor 150 computes the control signal 140 to smart radiation pattern optimiser 120 based on either one or combination of predetermined or actively shared information

1 simultaneously accounting signal quality parameters from transceiver 160. Based on the interrupt control signal 140 the radiation pattern optimiser 120 will control the RF/antenna systems 110 to optimise the radiation pattern accordingly. The communication system can either work in master/slave architecture or Peer to peer [E.g. WIFI direct] or adhoc or mesh network etc. For a mobile device operating in real

) world scenarios it is difficult to predict the feasibility of LOS [Line of Sight] and non LOS. There are scenarios where line of sight [LOS] between communicating devices is feasible in a living space, open ground etc and there are scenarios where LOS is affected by the environments like walls etc. However, the main directions of arrival do not change rapidly. Nowadays most of the mobile devices are equipped with location &

5 positioning systems [E.g. GPS, AGPS etc] which helps the devices to know its own location. The system verify the feasibility to enhance signal quality utilising actively shared information regarding location & position of the communicating devices to check for the direction with respect to each other, thereby actively shaping and optimising the radiation pattern & transmit power levels between devices. For example in case of

.0 mobile communication the base station [BTS] can be pre provisioned to advertise or share the parameters like its exact location information [E.g. GPS ], exact antenna orientation etc [which are mostly fixed] with the connecting mobile devices [which already know its own location and antenna orientation with inbuilt GPS and orientation sensors] that helps to shape, direct & optimise the radiation pattern accordingly to

.5 enhance signal quality. As the BTS antenna orientation is mostly fixed, all the mobile devices tends to match the polarization of BTS [a master salve architecture can be utilised where BTS act as master and all mobile device act as slave]. These implemented can be performed with least cost and complication as this is a onetime configuration during installation of base station and performed based on location o information form GPS, antenna orientation etc. In case of one to one communication [E.g. WiFi direct, Bluetooth data transfer] either one or both the device optimise the radiation pattern between each other and in case of multiple devices exist in communication systems [E.g. WiFi infrastructure (Access point) or adhoc, mesh network] the entire communicating devices actively shares the related information

5 between each other and optimise radiation pattern with smart antenna system [E.g. optimise radiation pattern according to access point].

[026] According to another aspect of the present invention the system utilise field mapping tables or threshold level tables or lookup tables which are comparison tables to actively check and compares the effects between predetermined and tested real o world scenarios to the actual real world scenarios with which the system optimise the antenna radiation pattern. The design and the values in the tables are processed and developed based on parameters like proximity environment with property sensing, effect & direction of proximity environment, input impedance, return loss or SWR, gain, orientation, oblique instincts, radiation efficiency, location & position, near and far fields,

5 RSSI or ASU, transmit power levels etc and other signal quality parameters are all tested at various frequencies & scenarios that are taken into account and utilised depends upon design and operating modes. These helps the system to determine the change in proximity environment with its property & direction, user sensing [with band of body dielectric values], conductive & dielectric nature, magnitude of radiation pattern o distortion, location & position, direction, antenna orientation, magnitude of impedance mismatch with effect caused more precisely so that the system can actively adapt by shaping and optimising the radiation pattern efficiently. The sensor system 220 generates trigger signal 230 based on parameters compared with field mapping tables or threshold level tables. The processor 150 computes the control signal 140 to smart

5 radiation pattern optimiser 120 based on the parameters collected & compared results [mapped data or values form the table] simultaneously accounting signal quality parameters from transceiver 160. Based on the interrupt control signal 140 the radiation pattern optimiser 120 will control the RF/antenna systems 110 to optimise the radiation pattern accordingly. The resolutions of the tables are fine tuned according to design and o requirement.

[027] According to another aspect of the present invention the antenna system [antenna arrays or Ml MO antenna] used for communication itself act as sensors in sensing the proximity environment based on change in antenna impedance, gain, SWR or return loss etc [across the arrays] there by actively shaping and optimising the

5 radiation pattern according to compared results with predetermined and tested lookup table designed and developed [taking parameters like impedance, gain, SWR etc] with various real world scenarios and frequencies. As the proximity environment based on its property affects the antenna impedance, the nature & magnitude of change in impedance levels, gain, SWR are utilised for sensing the effect of proximity o environment and its direction with respect to device (antenna). Also as the channel capacity, signal strength and quality vary between multiple antennas [E.g. antenna arrays] the system actively sense and optimise the radiation pattern between multiple antennas accordingly [multi directional antenna amplification]. The processing unit 150 senses the change in input impedance, gain, SWR across antennas and compare with

5 the predetermined and tested lookup table to compute the control signal 140 to smart radiation pattern controller 120. The radiation pattern controller 120 controls the antenna system 110 to actively optimise the radiation pattern. The system works in an active, adoptive and closed loop manner from sensing, monitoring, comparing, computing and optimising radiation pattern to achieve best performance.

o [028] According to another aspect of present invention an application software is developed utilising sensor system 220 parameters, signal quality parameters and usage scenarios or operating modes to guide the user to select the feasible optimum location and position for using the mobile device in user living space there by helping in achieving best signal quality, reduced radiation exposure levels and saving battery

5 power [E.g. during a long time call conversation, internet access, prolonged downloading, gaming, modem mode, multimedia streaming etc]. The mobile device maximise the transmitting power or radiate more power when the signal quality is weak [in some locations] to maintain communication which leads to greater user radiation exposure and significantly reduces the battery power. With this application the user can

D more precisely locate the mobile in a feasible location and position to get signal quality [even enhanced data rates for downloading] and use his wireless headset [Bluetooth] to conversation. The present application actively helps in alerting & protecting the user besides providing the user with more precise and enhance information regarding the effect of proximity environment, signal quality & exposure levels taking device proximity

5 environmental effect, usage scenarios, operating modes, signal quality parameters and battery power into account. The application senses the transmitted power level and alerts the user to use hands free or headset or speaker mode which helps to drastically reduce the radiation exposure. The processing unit 150 actively compute the sensor system 220 parameters [trigger signal 230], usage scenarios or operating modes and o signal quality to determine & provide guide the user regarding optimum location for using the mobile device.

[029] In yet another aspect of present invention an smart active mobile device protection system is designed & developed utilising sensor system 220 to sense the unauthorised access to mobile device thereby alerting the actual mobile user to protect

5 mobile device from theft and tracks device in real-time by alerting the actual mobile user. Mostly the user don't lose their mobile device when kept in hand, pocket or pouch and often lose when the device is kept away from the user [on table, desk etc] during scenarios where concentration on tracking the mobile device divert due to meeting, relaxing, chatting, usage of wireless headset, sleeping, charging, prolonged o downloading or multimedia streaming or data transfer, silent mode etc. When the mobile device is out of sight or away from the user it is practically difficult to always keep an eye or track the device from losing it to someone. As the mobile devices is away from the user this gives the intended person an easy access to take the mobile device or even some times if a person want to access personal or critical information

5 about the mobile user which happens without the knowledge or alerting the actual mobile user. But at the same time when mobile user gets a phone call, SMS, mail etc the user is alerted by ringing, vibrating, illuminating etc and the user attend it accordingly. So when enabled [and placed] the device protection system either sense the change in sensor system 220 parameters or scans & senses the current sensor

3 system 220 status and await for the change in status, also acknowledging the user [E.g. with through display, tone, beep sound etc] when the system is active after configuration so the user can move on. The sensor system parameters taken into account are like device proximity environment [with property], orientation (accelerometer, gyro sensor etc), compass (to sense turn & change in direction),

5 position, location (GPS), altitude [altimeter] etc. Either authorised or unauthorised physical access made to the mobile device leads to change in parameters like device proximity environment, orientation, position, location, direction, touch screen or press of a button etc which is sensed by the system. When a change in status is sensed the system initiates immediate authentication process which should to be completed as per

) the user pre configuration. When authentication process is completed successfully as per configuration the system won't alert, but if not authenticated the system will start alerting the user by ringing, vibrating etc as per configured settings.

[030] This may looks little odd as this can leads to annoying the actual mobile user by . unnecessary alert [like ringing] within time of authentication when accessing their own

5 device. As the authenticating can take few seconds [depends upon authentication type & user handling nature] the system has a provision where the time settings can be configured by the user between disturbed time and authenticating time. When authentication is completed successfully in time the system won't alert, but if not authenticated in time the system will start alerting. For example time taken for user

L0 taking a mobile device and authenticating can be done in seconds like figure print scanning, touch screen gesture etc. The authentication process can be completed within fraction or few seconds in case like finger print etc where the user when taking the mobile device itself by placing the most convenient finger [preconfigured] on device for authentication. In case of scenarios like wireless headset [E.g. Bluetooth headset

.5 etc] the user can also be immediately alerted regarding unauthorised access through wireless headset or similar wireless devices like watch etc. The system when activated also sense and act according to configurations for incoming calls, sms, mms, mail etc [E.g. user can authenticate and attend (user configurable), there after resume protection depends upon requirement]. With this application the user can make sure

Ό only authenticated access can be made to device, calls, SMS, mails etc when away or out of sight. Either the user can make use of standard predefined configurations or can configure [fine tune] the following parameters according to his requirement like - type of authentication, sensor system parameters, sensitivity of sensor system, alerting methods, timings etc. Even the sensitivity of the sensor system 220 can be tuned [to

5 various threshold levels] according to device usage environments & scenarios.

Authentication methods can be selected from finger print, password, touch screen gestures, voice recognition or commanding, face recognition etc. With these, the system provides the user with features form simple to highly configurable options and settings.

o [031] The system utilise user interface [application or software] for interacting with the user and user can configure the system according to requirement. The mobile device is either configured through application software or by just selecting the profile [Active Mobile Protections System or tracker] like general, silent, offline etc where the profile is either predetermined or configurable. Alerting & tracking types are user configurable

5 and are selected from either one or combination of ringing, vibrating, illuminating, SMS, MMS, call, mail, active location tracking, photos & videos, online web tracking, unauthorised figure print tracking, voice & face recognition, alerting through wireless device like headset, watch and ring etc. When the actual mobile user came to know about the unauthorised access or theft, the user can immediately check for tracking o information for further action. The system can be enabled, disabled and configured according to user requirement and scenarios like user going to relax, sleep, attend a meeting, charging etc. To further enhance the protection system in scenarios like even after alerting the user if the system cannot grab the attention of the user, to further continue with tracking the application can be provisioned to turn on and track with

5 camera, mic, touch screen, unauthorised figure print and location or position sensing system [E.g. GPS] in a hidden mode thereby to monitor the activity of unauthorised access locally and also can actively update the activities & collected information's to preconfigured storage locations or sending alert SMS, MMS, mails etc to other configured devices or locations. When an unauthorised access is made and the mobile

L0 device start alerting by ringing, vibrating etc can physiologically disturb the intension of the person to proceed ahead thereby protecting the device and alerting the user [even ringing volume can be set to maximum and tones are configured according to user requirement]. The alerting can be stopped when the actual user authenticate with the device. To further enhance the protection system the information collected E.g. figure

L5 print, voice, photo, video etc as per configuration etc between disturbed time and authenticating time can also be temporarily stored and deleted if the authentication is successful, but if not successful it is utilised for further tracking

[032] Even without SIM card the system automatically tries all other possible communication systems & connects with feasible communication system for continuous

!0 tracking and alerting. For example [without SIM card or mobile network not available] the system scans available & feasible Wifi Hot spots [may be Free hotspots] for further tracking [E.g active location tracking etc]. This also helps to even track mobile device without mobile communication feature E.g. device with Wi-Fi only, Activated protection system sense the unauthorised access made with authentication failed or not

15 authenticated and will continue alerting as per pre-configuration even if the battery removed & replaced, without SIM card, irrespective of change in SIM card and device turned off and on. Location information [E.g. GPS] provided by the system is correlated with maps in real-time to actively and more precisely track the location of the mobile device with dedicated application or online web tracking. The system optimises the so tracking information sent according to the communication system and its channel capacity. Protection system has a user configurable provision to initiate auto turn on function with hidden mode for continues alerting. Protection system can works in application level, operating system level and hardware level depends upon design, requirement and scenarios to prevent the unauthorised reset of the system. Hardware

;5 level and online authentication is utilised by the system to prevent the unauthorised protection system restore through operating system or software reset. This helps the user to actively monitor the mobile device from the moment it is lost [E.g. active location tracking etc]. The system has a provision for faited authentication recovery configuration which is user configurable and utilised by actual mobile user to stop alerting and

10 restoring the system. In the mean time of authentication and recovery the system will provide only limited access to other device functions [user configurable] expect for failed authentication recovery. The system utilises the mobile device existing sensor system 220 components with additional coding (software) for its operation which makes the implementation easy and reduce implementation cost. The processing unit 150

5 manipulate the information based on configured application and trigger 230 from sensor system 220 to alert the user with tracking the mobile device accordingly. The protection system can also be configured to automatically enable when mobile device in prolonged ideal state for more than time configured by the user. In case if the user forgets to take the mobile device the protection system has a provision for secure remote access o configuration from other devices [E.g. mobiles, computers, laptops, tables etc]. The use of the system is not limited to one or combination of above scenarios but can also be enhanced to others scenarios and combinations not listed here provided the scenarios are within the scope of the present invention.

[033] FIG. 5 is the flowchart describes the method of operation of the system according

5 to the invention. By starting with 210 the sensor system 220 determines the change in device proximity environment with property, device orientation, location, position, operating modes, usage scenarios of the device and will accordingly generate the trigger signal 230. The system sense the state of trigger signal, degradation in signal quality and other matching parameters or scenarios to decide on further action 240. The o system analyse the nature of trigger signal, precisely sensing the effect of proximity environment, direction of proximity environment with respect to device, magnitude of impedance mismatch [SWR & return loss] with lookup table, radiation pattern distortion levels, user detection, location, position, device (antenna) orientation sensing, power loss due to PLF, sensing user [body, head & hand hold effects], effect of mobile device

5 platform, pre shared information & parameters, usage scenarios & operating modes in addition to existing signal quality parameters like gain, RSSI or ASU, antenna sensitivity, signal strength to signal quality ratio, SNIR, TIS/ TRP, transmit power level, channel capacity in an active, adoptive and closed loop manner to compute the best control signal for controlling the radiation pattern 250. Based on the control signal the o antenna system shape and optimise the radiation pattern accordingly to achieve the best signal quality with reduced SAR 260. If the phone is not in proximity to the environment [that can affect the radiations] or not matches other criteria the system will follow the standard transmission 270 according to preset network configuration and ends with 280.

5 [034] FIG. 6 Illustrates the model of proximity sensor sensing the proximity environment and user. Nature of mobile device proximity environment changes depends upon usage scenarios which significantly influence the antenna performance due to electromagnetic interaction with the environment [based on its nature or properties] and have effects on radiation pattern distortion, input impedance, gain,

3 efficiency, attenuation, fading, reflection, absorption or lossy environment etc. Since the property of proximity environment changes over time to time depends upon device usage just detecting the change in proximity environment without its property is not sufficient to control or shape the radiation pattern as this approach could not determine the actual effect or radiation pattern distortion levels and shaping without property sensing can also leads to negative effects signal quality. As the sensing of proximity environments nature or property is more important the proximity sensor system utilised for the design not just detect the change in proximity environment but also sense the property or nature of proximity environment to actively optimise the radiation pattern accordingly. This is achieved by making little more sophistication or enhancement to the proximity sensors already available in the mobile devices present days. In general the proximity sensor system works by generating the field [E.g. electric field] and measuring the attenuation suffered by the field there by detecting the proximity environment with property [comparing with predetermined & tested lookup table]. As the proximity environments are mostly dielectric, conductive or its combinations in nature the property sensing is mainly based on dielectric permittivity, conductivity and can be extended to sensing other like permeability, susceptibility etc depends upon system design. The system precisely sense the nature of the proximity environment and level of radiation pattern distortion to actively optimise the radiation pattern thereby to achieve signal quality, protect the user and saves battery power.

[035] As the sensitivity of the proximity sensor differs from that of the antennas the system utilise a predetermined and tested field mapping table or threshold level or lookup table that are comparison tables [for sensing and matching nature and effect caused by the proximity environment for further computing] designed and developed by testing the effect of different proximity environments at various frequencies [according to real world scenarios] on radiation pattern or fields between antenna and proximity sensor thereby to compare the effect and actively optimising the radiation pattern accordingly. The performance evaluations are performed according to various antenna & device designs taking different device proximity environment, operating modes, signal quality parameters, usage scenarios into account and are analysed, predetermined and tested to real world scenarios for computing the field mapping table there by to achieve signal quality, high data transfer rates and user protection. To further enhance the performance placing or positioning of one or more proximity sensors [sensor arrays on either one or double or multiple sides] on the mobile device is also optimised according to the antenna locations, device designs and related parameters so that the proximity environment sensing and computing can work efficiently in sensing the environment. The resolution of the threshold or field mapping tables are fine tuned depends upon the design and requirement. The system works based on either sensing just the property or sensing the property and comparing with the tables to actively shape the radiation pattern. Combination of proximity environment with property sensing, change in antenna input impedance, return loss or SWR, gain, radiation efficiency, near and far fields, loss monitors, frequency of operation, channel capacity, usage scenarios or operating modes etc are taken into account for manipulating predetermined and tested field mapping table which helps the system to determine the direction of proximity environment and effect caused by it more precisely so that the system can shape or 5 optimise the radiation pattern efficiently.

[036] Detuning of the antenna is yet another consequence of user interaction. When the mobile device [its antenna] is placed in proximity to the lossy human tissue like user head, hand [hand hold effect], body and other proximity environments shows degradation in antenna performance which is visible in input impedance, radiation

.0 pattern distortion, gain, efficiency, return loss etc, all as a function of frequency. The interaction between the user and the user equipment [UE] exists in different forms , based on UE types, usage scenario and the applications. For example, smart phones have versatile applications and thus several forms of user interactions exist. Regarding the antenna design for handsets, the requirements are mainly based on voice

.5 application, message and packet-oriented communications thus the required test scenario is performed with the user head and hand present [so-called talk position] and the testing requirements are extended to other usages like data transfer scenarios (e.g., file download, browsing, gaming mode etc). Various user proximity environments are analysed predetermined and tested to real world scenarios [like direct phone call o conversation, head and hand hold effect etc] for the manipulation of the threshold level table. The user body have a band of dielectric values [permittivity depends upon skin, fat, muscle, bone, cerebrospinal fluid, brain tissue etc] which are utilised for the processing and developing the lookup or field mapping tables. In case of other than call conversation or mobile device away from the user the device is often placed upside or

5 upside down mostly on a homogeneous medium where the available sensor on front and rear [sensor arrays located as per the design] can sense the environment for further processing. The sensor system can also be utilised for sensing biological tissues in scenarios like direct phone call conversation or in internet access & download mode kept in a pocket where the system can protect the user as well as optimising o communication. When an antenna system is utilised as a sensor [E.g. Impedance mismatch, SWR or Return loss etc and its related parameters], it can help in sensing proximity environment to certain extent as it is intended for communication, but the dedicatedly designed sensor system can help to more precisely sense the environment. Suitable proximity sensor [active and passive] are utilised by the sensor system,

5 examples are as follows but not limited to electromagnetic or electrostatic sensors, acoustic, inductive, thermal, echo, capacitive, infrared, eddy current etc.

[037] FIG. 7 Illustrates the models of 2x2 and 4x4 MIMO antennas arrays with proximity and orientation sensors in a mobile device. In case of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output antennas the performance of MIMO is very sensitive to the implementation of the antennas, the environment in which the devices is being used and even the orientation of the device itself. This means that a small change in the position of the device when in use can result in significant change in data rate. For example, the user experience of a streaming video could go from excellent to marginal or poor just because the device was moved slightly during use. Moreover, the presence of user hand and body cause radiation pattern distortion or detuning of the antennas and absorption of the radiation power, thus affecting the efficiency and correlation performance of the antenna array. The constant mobility of the mobile device when in usage further reinforces the need for sustaining performance. LTE [4G/4.5G] mobile devices rely heavily on MIMO antenna technology to maximise data transfer rates that can be delivered to mobile subscribers. The actual data speeds experienced by the user are highly dependent on how well a mobile device performs under the range of harsh mobile environments it encounters in the real world. So the dynamic radiation pattern shaping and optimising based on sensing proximity environment and device orientation with other signal quality parameters helps to optimise signal quality with data rates and also protecting user form radiation.

[038] So the present invention with MIMO or antenna arrays and smart antenna system can enhance the fine tuning & optimising of radiation pattern through controlling gain & directivity, shaping, switch between multiple radiating elements, adaptive beam - forming, steering, polarisation matching, spatial filtering etc, based on sensing device proximity environment, orientation, position, channel capacity with existing signal quality parameters to efficiently enhance the signal quality, protects user and to save battery power. In case of antenna arrays or MIMO the system senses the change in device [antenna] orientation between corresponding devices and the antenna system is reconfigured, switch between multiple antennas or exiting phase is varied accordingly to match the polarization thereby to optimise the PLF. The system utilising adaptive beam forming with MIMO [antenna arrays] by sensing device proximity environment and position for transmitting and receiving signal in different directions eliminates the need for mechanically steering the arrays. Antenna arrays or MIMO antenna system utilise multiple antennas may also be responsible for battery drain, which is especially problematic with continuous internet access, download, streaming video, online gaming etc. In case of antenna arrays or MIMO as the number of antennas increase balancing the battery power becomes more important and the proposed system helps to improve the battery life [by focusing the radiation in right direction, power and time]. For example in a 2x2 MIMO antenna system the radiation pattern can be varied by toggling between 2 antennas or varying the gain, directivity and transmit power levels of 2 antennas [MIMO radiation pattern] based on sensing device vicinity environment, orientation, position, operating modes etc. With tuneable metamaterial or EBG in combination with MIMO antennas or antenna arrays can further enhance in fine tuning the active dynamic radiation pattern. Multi directional antenna amplification is performed based on sensor system parameters and usage scenario or operating modes thereby data transfer rates [voice or packet] are optimised between or across the antennas [E.g. antenna arrays] controlled by antenna system with signal quality parameters & channel capacity [MIMO arrays strongest or maximum to least channel capacity]. The sensor system can also use dynamic variable ground plane to actively vary the radiation pattern. The system can be enhanced to adopt with antenna arrays more than 2x2 MIMO like 4x2, 4x4 etc and so on.depends upon design.

[039] FIG. 8 Similarly in case of WiFi, Bluetooth, Wimax, ZigBee etc and similar wireless communication systems where the wireless devices are handled in different proximity environments, orientations, position etc according to usage which affects the performance of the antenna like radiation pattern distortion, antenna detuning, input

5 impedance, polarization mismatch etc. The same sensor system [proximity with property sensing, orientation sensing system etc] used for optimising the radiation pattern on mobile communication can be enhanced accordingly to adapt to other possible communication systems. In case of laptops the Wifi or Bluetooth antennas are generally located on the top of the display and sometimes the user might initiate

L0 download and close the lid or display. The opening and closing of the lid leads to change in proximity and orientation of the antenna and so the system works by sensing the proximity with orientation and angle of the lid [angle lookup table for sensing angles]. The communicating devices [E.g. WiFi, WiMax, Bluetooth etc] actively shares the information depends upon communication system and acting modes of devices

L5 regarding parameters like device proximity environment, device [antenna] orientation, location, position, altitude, signal quality to make sure that either one or more devices antenna system optimise the radiation pattern shape, transmit power level and reconfigure antenna to match polarization etc accordingly. The system also utilise similar type field of mapping table or threshold level comparison tables designed and

10 developed according to these communication systems for comparing related parameters to enhance performance. The processing unit compute to optimise the radiation pattern either based on standalone device parameters or based on actively shared parameters between communicating devices or its combinations. In case of one to one communication [E.g. WiFi direct, Bluetooth data transfer] either one or both the

15 device optimise the radiation pattern between each other and in case of multiple devices exist in communication systems [E.g. WiFi infrastructure (Access point) or adhoc, Bluetooth mesh network] the entire communicating devices actively shares the related information between each other and optimise radiation pattern with smart antenna system accordingly.

io [040] The sharing of information is utilised with master/slave architecture like for example in a WiFi network wireless access point acting as master and other connecting devices as slaves or clients where the client devices connecting the master actively optimise antenna radiation pattern according to actively information shared with master and in case of wireless adhoc one to one or mesh the communicating devices shape & optimise the radiation pattern between each other accordingly with shared information to achieve best signal quality. In case of multi access wireless network optimising the radiation pattern is performed between actively communicating devices. The antenna system of the communicating devices tries to match or optimise to either one common or reference polarization [predetermined] else based on the actively shared information between devices to optimise orientation of all devices. The system has a provision for configuring the access points to broadcast its location information [E.g. GPS or AGPS, Wi-Fi positioning system etc] with which the connecting devices can detect the direction & location of the access point based on which shaping and optimising the radiation pattern is performed accordingly. As the resolution of GPS is more than that of the coverage of systems like Wi-Fi, WiMax etc and nowadays users are utilising GPS or AGPS etc constantly for some application like social websites in mobile to convey user current location information, are utilised in one to one communication between devices with sensing device direction to shape or optimise radiation pattern between them. As the WiFi, Bluetooth etc utilising MIMO antenna arrays to increase throughput [WiFi - 802.1 1 η, Bluetooth] consumes significant amount of power and the system not only enhances signal quality and data throughput performance but also saves battery power during continuous data transfer like Internet access, Streaming, downloading, gaming etc. Following are the example where the system can be utilised - In case of Wi-Fi the communication between devices like access points, laptops, tablets, mobile devices, smart TV, wireless printers etc [acting modes might be Infrastructure or Ad-Hoc mode, Wi-Fi access point, Wi-Fi direct, Wi-Fi tethering, Wi-Fi modems, wireless DLNA devices, streaming etc] and Bluetooth devices like mobile phones, laptops, tablets, gaming devices, headset, printers etc [acting as data transfers between devices, mobile acting as modem for internet access etc]. [Wi-Fi is a registered trademark of Wi-Fi alliance, WiMax is a registered trademark of WiMax Forum and Bluetooth is a registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG Inc, ZigBee is registered trademark of ZigBee alliance].

[041] There are many ways to achieve and the following are some of the available RF/Antenna system designs capable of achieving dynamic radiation pattern, controlling gain and directivity, beamforming, beam steering, spatial filtering, polarisation matching etc. The dynamic radiation pattern can be achieved utilising tuneable metamaterials or tunable EBG antenna system 110 that provides variable response and ability to influence the interacting electromagnetic waves to determine whether the EM wave is transmitted, reflected, absorbed etc. In general tunable - metamaterials and EBG are most commonly composed of small periodic elements typically built onto circuit boards or assembled using nanofabrication techniques, whose feature size is significantly smaller than the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves they are intended to manipulate. The lattice structure [either one, two or three dimension] of the tuneable metamaterial and EBG is adjusted in. real time, making it possible to reconfigure the structure during operation. The antenna design of smart signal quality enhancement system works by activating different patterns of tuneable EBG and metamaterial elements that act according to configuration to actively control radiation pattern and radiation intensity in required direction and time. Also the antenna design uses either

5 one or combination of following but not limited to tunable Metamaterials, tunable Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG), High Impedance Surface (HIS) or Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC), Negative Index Material (NIM), periodic arrays, Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS), Method of Moments (MOM), Split-ring Resonator (SRR), Reconfigurable antennas, Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS), Computational

L0 electromagnetic (CEM) or Electromagnetic modelling, Finite Impulse Response (FIR), Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), MIMO antennas, reconfigurable multifrequency microstrip patch antenna, antenna arrays, antenna diversity techniques with corresponding RF/antenna system and signal processing capability to achieve dynamic radiation pattern, beamforming, beam steering, controlling excitation phase, spatial

L5 filtering etc. The system can be designed to adopt different multi band antennas with several type of feeding mechanism. The system can also be designed with actively tunable electromagnetic screen [E.g. fabricated with tunable metamaterial or EBG] capable of dynamically controlling or redirecting the radiation from antenna in corresponding directions to vary radiation pattern is either fabricated on printed circuit

!0 board (PCB) or incorporated on device casing. The plasma antennas are capable of achieving dynamic radiation pattern and the advantage of these plasma antennas over mechanical antenna are that the plasma antenna are reconfigurable, can operate at high speeds and has no moving parts. Smart ionized gas plasma antennas use plasma physics to shape and steer the antenna radiation pattern without the need of phased

!5 arrays etc. The radiation pattern can be steered or focused in the reflective or refractive modes using plasmas making it a unique one. Solid state plasma antennas (also known as plasma silicon antennas) with steerable directional functionality that can be manufactured using standard silicon chip fabrication techniques are now in development. The PSiAN is a cluster of thousands of diodes on a silicon chip that

10 produces a tiny cloud of electrons when charged. Those tiny, dense clouds can reflect high-frequency waves like mirrors, focusing the beams tightly by selectively activating particular diodes. These capabilities of achieving dynamic radiation pattern can be utilised with the present system to enhance the performance of mobile communication.

[042] When there is a change in transmit power level of fixed radiation pattern, the <5 change will take place with over all transmit power level according to radiation pattern.

In general mobile devices like cell phones are designed to have fixed radiation pattern with major radiation pattern on the device rear side or other side facing the user and minor radiation pattern on device front side or user facing direction to reduce SAR also providing communication when major radiation pattern is blocked by usage or placed on 0 platforms [E.g. conductive or dielectric] that affects the interacting waves. So permanently reducing the intensity of radiation on user facing direction for protection can have negative effect on quality of communication based on usage scenario; for example when the device major radiation pattern side is placed on platforms that can degrade the interacting electromagnetic waves which in turn can degrades the quality of

5 communication. Instead of fixed radiation pattern approach the present invention provides an active dynamic radiation pattern solution that can change and adapt according to scenarios thereby provides the ability to actively shape and optimise radiation pattern in direction and time which helps in enhancing the communication and protecting user from radiation. The present invention provides the fine tuning and

L0 controllable radiation on the user facing direction while maintaining the radiation on other direction that works according to different usage scenarios & signal quality parameters of mobile device 100 to achieve the balancing between best signal quality and least SAR [so that the quality of communication is not compromised].

[043] Over all combinations of change in proximity environment with property sensing

L5 [its radiation pattern distortion levels], position, orientation, [change in] input impedance, return loss or SWR, usage scenario or operating modes and signal quality parameters to optimise the radiation pattern in order to achieve signal quality enhancement, protect the user from radiation exposure and saves battery power. The nature of varying and controlling the radiation pattern with intensity of radiation facing the user is based on

!0 combination of parameters while limiting the maximum transmit power level as per the compliance with SAR safety guidelines. The instructions regarding how the radiation pattern is altered are pre determined and tested. The design can works in conjunction with change in overall radiated power by taking signal quality parameters into account to maintain the quality of communication while limiting maximum transmit power levels

[5 according to compliance & standards. Thus the design reduces the SAR with optimised communication quality. The system not only enhances signal quality but also saves energy by actively controlling the gain and directivity there by reducing the radiation on certain less effective direction. Mostly as the radiation pattern for transmission and reception is reciprocal these system can help in improving the overall signal quality. The

:o design not only helps in reducing the SAR, but also can reduce the interference with other systems like pacemaker, hearing aid etc. The system can both be automatically & manually- enabled and disabled with hard or soft or combination switch depends upon the design and usage.

[044] The embodiments of the present invention is not limited to listed scenarios 5 described here or its combinations and the above presented are just examples. There may be other scenarios and those who skilled in field can understand and modify, enhance, alter the herein system without departing from the scope of the invention in its widest form.

Claims

1. The smart active antenna radiation pattern optimising system for wireless mobile device comprise of

a) A sensor system to actively generate trigger signal by detecting change in parameters comprise of device proximity environment with nature or property sensing, close vicinity or proximity environments direction & position with respect to device, simultaneously sensing multiple proximity environments surrounding the device, user proximity sensing, device [antenna] orientation sensing, direction & location sensing, MSP [Mobile sensing Platform], detecting operating modes and usage scenarios of the device.

b) A processing unit for the computing the control signal based on one or combination of following parameters comprise of trigger signal from sensor system, sensing effect of proximity environment on radiation, user sensing, user head & hand hold effect, magnitude of change in impedance, SWR or return loss, effect on near & far fields, antenna orientation, excitation phase, predetermined parameters, actively shared parameters between communicating devices, lookup tables, channel capacity and other existing signal quality parameters.

c) Smart radiation pattern optimiser that act according to the control signal.

d) Smart antenna system capable achieving dynamic radiation pattern is coupled with radiation pattern optimiser that actively controls, shapes and optimise the radiation pattern according to scenarios to enhance signal quality, protects the user from radiation and saves battery power.

e) Smart RF Transceiver system with signal processing capability which is a combination of transmitter and receiver coupled with radiation pattern optimiser.

f) The system actively sense, shapes & controls the radiation on user facing direction and affecting proximity environments while maintaining the radiation on other directions to sustain communication. The system not only controls the direction of radiation based on proximity environment and reconfigure antenna system to match polarisation but also actively restores radiation pattern according to scenarios to optimise communication. The system capable of actively sensing multiple proximity environments surrounding the device and checks for appropriate space & proximity environment based on its property, device orientation, location, position, usage scenarios, operating modes and signal quality parameters for selecting the best feasible directions to actively shape and optimise the radiation pattern.

g) The system can be manually & automatically enabled or disabled with hard, soft or combination switches depending upon the design.

2. The mobile device said in claim 1 , comprise of sensor system that works based on one or combination of sensors, operating modes and usage scenarios.

a) The sensor for sensor system is selected form the group consist of proximity sensor, orientation sensors, accelerometer, gyro sensor, directional sensors, E-compass or magnetometer, position & location sensor, altitude sensor, belt pouch sensor, clip sensor, cradle or holster sensor.

b) The proximity sensor or sensor arrays system capable of scanning, detecting and sensing the change in property or nature of different proximity environments, various biological tissues sensing also with its direction & positions there by precisely sensing user head, body, on call & handhold effects, effect of mobile device platform. The parameters utilised for sensing comprise of permittivity-ε, permeability-μ, conductivity-σ, susceptibility, dielectric, capacitive sensing, capacitive displacement sensing, inductive sensing.

c) Gyro sensor, accelerometer, E-Compass or magnetometer to sense the change in orientation and direction of the mobile device. The sensor utilised are selected form one dimension or axis to multi dimension or axis.

d) The operating modes or usage scenarios consist of direct phone call mode, speaker mode, hands free mode, headset detection, video call mode, Bluetooth mode, key pad or touch screen detection, Wi-Fi mode, internet access or download mode, gaming, streaming, standby mode, sensing data transfer or wireless modem mode.

e) Position & location systems are selected from GPS, AGPS, GLONASS, satellite based positioning system, WiFi positioning system, cell sight positioning system, bluetooth positioning, Hybrid positioning system to sense the location & position of the mobile device.

f) The system utilizes predetermined and tested field mapping or lookup table for sensing, comparing & matching the effects between sensor system and antenna radiation. The threshold values in the table are utilised for matching, sensing property and computing the effect caused by the' proximity environment.

g) The sensor system utilise sensors, capable of tunable sensitivity are selected to work according to design, scenarios and requirement.

h) The sensor system utilise either one or more proximity sensors or sensor arrays in various locations & positions according to device design for more precisely sensing.

i) The sensors for proximity sensor system are selected from electromagnetic or electrostatic sensors, acoustic, inductive, thermal, echo, capacitive, infrared, eddy current, ambient light, active & passive sensors.

j) The sensor system utilise the device display itself as a proximity sensor.

3. The mobile device of claim 1 , comprise of processing unit for computing the control signal. The processing unit works in an active, smart and adaptive closed loop manner with the type and their functions are selected from the group consisting of

a) A general purpose mobile processor utilised for the computing the control signal.

b) A dedicated RF signal processing unit utilised for computing the control signal. c) The smart radiation pattern optimiser or RF/transceiver system itself is utilised for computing the control signal.

d) The interrupt control signal form signal processing unit is utilised for actively shaping or optimising the radiation pattern and controlling polarization.

e) As the system work with critical functions of the mobile devices like signal quality enhancement, protecting user form radiation, saving battery life a high priority interrupt can be assigned for signal processing.

f) Field mapping tables or threshold level tables or lookup tables are the comparison tables saved in memory of mobile device and are utilised by the processing unit to actively check and compare the effects between predetermined and tested real world scenarios to the actual real world scenarios with which the system actively shape & optimise the antenna radiation pattern accordingly in a smart, adaptive and closed loop manner. The values in the tables are computed by taking parameters like proximity environment with property sensing, effect of proximity environment, device [antenna] orientations, oblique instincts, input impedance, gain, return loss or SWR, Received Signal Strength Identifier (RSSI) or Active Set Update (ASU), channel capacity, near field & far field, transmit power levels, Signal to noise and interference ratio (SNIR), Total Isotropic Sensitivity (TIS), transmit power level, Total Radiated Power (TRP), polarization loss factor (PLF), various locations & positions, sensing user head, hand, body, on call & handhold effects, effect of mobile device platform, operating mode or usage scenarios are all tested at various real world scenario and frequencies, utilised by processing unit according to scenarios and communication system design. These parameters and its values in the table are utilised by the system to determine the change in proximity environment with its property & direction, user sensing [with band of body dielectric values], conductive & dielectric nature, magnitude of radiation pattern distortion, location & position, antenna orientation and its effects caused more precisely thereby shaping or optimising the radiation pattern accordingly. The resolutions of the tables are designed, calibrate and fine tuned according to the requirement.

g) The processing unit utilise analysed, predetermined and tested field mapping table or threshold levels table developed by sensing and comparing the effect of different proximity environments on radiation pattern or field distortion between the antennas and proximity sensor system. The tables contain values of parameters as follows dielectric, conductive values to more precisely sense the nature of environment and user body band of dielectric values for sensing user.

h) The processing unit utilise either analysed, predetermined and tested threshold levels table designed & developed with different orientations of the devices [antenna] or actively sense and reconfigure the antenna system in real time to dynamically synchronise with change in device [antenna] orientation to match the polarisation between or with respect to corresponding communicating devices thereby mitigating the power loss due to polarization mismatch and control polarisation loss factor [PLF]. Orientation threshold levels and corresponding antenna oblique instincts are utilised to vary & reconfigure the antenna orientation or excitation phase and the levels are fine tuned according to design and requirement.

i) The processing unit utilises the antenna system itself as a proximity sensor. j) The processing unit compute both based on trigger signal or sensing trigger signal and comparing with the predetermined & tested field mapping table to actively optimise the radiation pattern.

k) The processing unit depends upon the communication system and corresponding acting modes of the devices actively shares information and utilise either one or more parameters between the communicating devices like devices proximity environment with property, device orientations [antenna orientation], position & location, altitude, in addition to existing signal quality parameters; thereby to direct, shape and optimise the radiation pattern between devices. The shared orientation information is utilised to match polarisation between communicating devices thereby to reduce power loss due to PLF. The system utilise actively share information regarding location & position of the communicating devices to check for the direction with respect to each other thereby actively directing, shaping and optimising the radiation pattern between devices.

I) The processing unit utilise Location & position system [E.g. GPS] to determine the direction of the communicating devices with respect to each other based actively shared information thereby shaping & optimising radiation pattern • accordingly.

m) The processing unit utilise master/slave architecture depends upon the communication system and corresponding acting modes of the devices for sharing information where all the slaves or clients check for the master's information and adopt accordingly.

n) The processing unit in case of ad-hoc one to one or mesh where the devices optimise the radiation pattern between communicating devices according to the actively shared information.

o) The processing unit compute and controls the antenna system of the communicating devices to match or optimise to either one common or reference polarization [predetermined one] else based on the actively shared information to optimise polarization of all devices.

p) The processing unit manipulate to optimise the radiation pattern either based on standalone device parameters or predetermined parameters or lookup table or based on actively shared parameters between communicating devices or its combinations.

q) As multiple parameters are taken into account by processing unit for optimising the radiation pattern the unit make sure that the optimisation is performed by taking one or more parameters according to scenarios, communication system design and acting modes with ultimately prioritising & optimising to achieve best signal quality, protecting user by reducing radiation exposure levels and to save battery power.

4. The mobile device of claim 1 , comprise of smart RF antenna system with signal processing capability for actively optimising radiation pattern through radiation pattern shaping, controlling gain & directivity, adaptive beamforming, beam steering, switching, antenna diversity, spatial filtering or diversity, diversity gain, pattern diversity, polarization diversity, reconfigure antenna system & controlling excitation phase to match polarization, resonance frequency, multidirectional antenna amplification, controlling transmit power levels are selected from either one or combinations consisting of

a) Antenna system utilising MIMO or antenna arrays.

b) Antenna system utilising tunable metamaterials or Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) fabricated antenna.

c) Antenna system utilising plasma or gas antennas.

d) Antenna system that uses either one or combination of tunable - High Impedance Surface (HIS) or Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC), Negative Index Material (NIM), periodic arrays, Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS), Method of Moments (MOM), Split-Ring Resonator (SRR), reconfigurable antennas, Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS), planar or non coplanar antennas, Computational Electromagnetics (CEM) or Electromagnetic Modelling, Finite Impulse Response (FIR), Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC) board antennas, Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD), reconfigurable multi frequency microstrip patch antenna.

e) Antenna system design comprise of one or more radiating element that supports single band, dual band, triple band, quad band, penta band, multi band frequencies with related parameters to achieve dynamic radiation pattern. f) Antenna system utilising either internal or external antenna or combinations with various locations and feeding mechanisms.

g) Antenna system utilising antenna arrays, diversity techniques, flexible and PIFA arrays.

h) Antenna system utilise reconfigurable antennas to shape and optimise radiation pattern.

i) Antenna system utilise reconfigurable antenna to actively vary & match the polarization there by controlling polarization loss factor [PLF]. Antenna system actively senses the device antenna orientation between communicating devices and reconfigure antenna or vary excitation phase accordingly to match & optimise polarization.

j) Antenna system works in an active, adaptive & closed loop manner with sensing, computing and optimising radiation pattern,

k) Antenna system consists of either common or dedicated antennas for transmission and reception.

5. The mobile device of claim 1 , further comprise of a transceiver circuit or RF system that transmit and receive signals. The circuitry is selected from the following group

a) Circuitry consist of combination of both transmitter and receiver

b) Circuitry consist of separate transmitter and receiver

6. The processing unit said in claim 3, computes the control signal to achieve optimised radiation pattern based on trigger signal from sensor system parameters related to proximity environment with property, sensing user body, head & hand hold effects, device orientation, location, position, usage scenarios & operating modes there by precisely sensing the effect of proximity environment, direction of proximity environment with respect to device, change in antenna impedance mismatch with lookup table, SWR or return loss, user detection, power loss due to polarization loss factor (PLF), oblique instincts in addition to existing signal quality parameters like gain, Received Signal Strength Identifier (RSSI) or Active Set Update (ASU), Direction of Arrival (DOA), channel capacity, antenna sensitivity, signal strength to signal quality ratio, location, position, Signal to noise and interference ratio (SNIR), Total Isotropic Sensitivity (TIS), transmit power level, Total Radiated Power (TRP) in a active adoptive and closed loop manner.

7. The antenna system said in claim 4, itself act as sensors in sensing the change in proximity environment based on change in antenna impedance (mismatch), gain, SWR or return loss [across the multiple antennas like the arrays] which are utilised for sensing the effect of proximity environment and its direction with respect to device (antenna) thereby shaping and optimising the radiation pattern according to predetermined and tested lookup table designed with real world scenarios at with various frequencies & scenarios depends upon the system design. The magnitude of change in parameters impedance, gain, SWR are compared with lookup table and utilised for sensing the effect of proximity environment and its direction. The system works in an active, adoptive and closed loop manner from sensing, monitoring, comparing, computing and optimising radiation pattern to achieve best performance. The antenna system can sense the signal quality degradation and trigger the processing unit to check with sensor system parameters thereby to compute and optimise the radiation pattern for improving signal quality.

8. The mobile device said in claim 1 , where the multi directional antenna amplification is performed based on sensor system parameters, usage scenario, operating modes, signal quality parameters and channel capacity thereby the data transfer rates [voice or packet] are optimised between or across the antennas [E.g. MIMO, antenna arrays].

9. The mobile device said in claim 1 , comprise of smart radiation pattern optimising system works utilising artificial intelligence & neural network for sensing & learning the scenarios thereby to act accordingly.

10. The sensor system said of claim 2, is utilised to develop an application for guiding the user to select the optimum location and position for using the mobile device in user living space to achieving best signal quality, reduced radiation exposure levels and saving battery power. The system utilise sensor system parameters, signal quality parameters, channel capacity and usage scenarios or operating modes for the process and detecting the optimum location. Also the application senses the transmitted power level and alerts the user to use hands free or headset or speaker mode accordingly.

The sensor system said in claim 2, is utilised by smart active mobile device protection system to protects and tracks the mobile device in real-time from unauthorised access or theft by alerting the actual mobile user

a) Enabled device protection system sense for change in sensor system parameters or scans & senses the current sensor system status and expect or await for the change in status, acknowledging the user when the system is active after configuration so that the user can move on.

b) Sensor system parameters are selected form one or combination of change in device proximity environment (with property sensing), orientation, position, location, direction, altitude, touch screen, power switch, keys, hard or soft buttons.

c) When a change in sensor system status is sensed the system will expects & awaits for authentication which should be completed as per the user pre configuration. On successful completion of authentication the system won't alert, but if not authenticated the system will start alerting and perform further operations as per configuration.

d) Authentication methods & types comprise of password or pin, touch screen input or gestures, figure print, voice recognition or commanding, face recognition.

e) The system with provision for time settings configured by the user to set time between disturbed time and authenticating time.

f) Even after alerting the user if the system cannot grab the attention of the user the application work in hidden mode to turn on and track with camera, mic, touch screen, unauthorised figure print, active location or position [E.g. GPS], voice & face recognition to monitor the activity of unauthorised access locally and also can actively & automatically update the activities & collected information's to preconfigured storage locations or other configured devices. When the actual mobile user came to know about the unauthorised access or theft, the user can immediately check the tracking information for further action.

g) Alerting types & tracking comprise of either one or combination of ringing, vibrating, illuminating, SMS, MMS, call, mail, active location tracking [GPS], online Web tracking, dedicated tracking application, unauthorised figure print tracking, voice & face recognition & tracking, photos & videos, alerting through wireless device like headset, watch and ring. Depends upon user requirement the information or parameters collected during unauthorised access can be locally saved or sent to and saved in preconfigured locations for further processing. Tracking information are optimised according to the communication system and its channel capacity.

h) The system utilise user interface [application] that interact with the user to for the configuration of the device protection system. The system can be activated and configured through application software or by profile selection. Either system make use of standard predefined configurations or have provision to configure [fine tune] the following parameters according to user requirement - type of sensor system parameters, sensitivity of sensor system, authentication types, alerting methods, timing configurations, hidden mode, activation of camera & mic for tracking, live tracking of device, web tracking, SMS, MMS, MAIL, call, ring tone selection & volume levels, vibrator, location or other devices for active tracking and storing collected information. System with provision for simple predefined to highly configurable user interface.

i) Activated protection system sense the unauthorised access with authentication failed or not authenticated and will continue alerting as per pre-configuration even if the battery removed & replaced, irrespective of change in SIM card, without SIM card and device turned off and on. In addition to mobile communication the system tries all possible communication systems & connects with feasible communication system for continuous tracking and alerting. System provides tracking information for device without mobile communication feature [E.g. Wi-Fi only].

j) From the moment of unauthorised access the activated system collects information and monitors the lost device with location information [E.g. GPS]. The information provided by the system is correlated with maps in real-time to actively and more precisely track the location of the mobile device with either or both dedicated application and online web tracking.

k) Protection system with provision for failed authentication recovery configuration which is user configurable and utilised by actual mobile user to stop alerting and restoring the system. In the mean time of authentication and recovery the system will provide only limited access to other device functions [user configurable] expect for failed authentication recovery. The information collected between disturbed time and authenticating time is temporarily stored and deleted if the authentication is successful, but if not successful it is utilised for further tracking.

I) Protection system works in application level, operating system level and hardware level according to design and requirement to prevent unauthorised system restore. In case of device switched off by unauthorised access the system with user configurable provision initiate auto turn on function with hidden mode for tracking in background and continue with alerting. Hardware level protection and online authentication is utilised by the system to prevent the unauthorised protection system restore through operating system or software reset. Protection system with provision to configure and monitor through secure remote access from other devices. Protection system configured to automatically enable when mobile device placed in prolonged ideal state with time configured by the user,

m) As the system works for device protection high priority interrupts can be assigned for signal processing.

5 n) The activated system also sense and act according to configurations for incoming call, sms, mms, mail, chatting.

12. The mobile device said in claim 1 , where the system can be designed with actively tunable electromagnetic screen capable of dynamically controlling and optimising the radiations from antenna in corresponding directions that works by sensing to device proximity environment with property, position, orientation, signal quality and operating modes is either fabricated on printed circuit board (PCB) or incorporated on device casing.

13. The mobile device said in claim 1 , where in the system can be used for mobile cell phone, cordless phones, walky talkie, laptops, gaming devices, IP phones with

L5 form factor of the device selected form group consisting of bar, slate, flip, slider, swivel, flexible, watch, transparent, tablet or mixed type.

14. The mobile device said in claim 1 , where the system can adapt with one or multi SIM provision.

15. The system said in claim 1 , where the system can be utilised in mobile !0 communication, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WiMax, ZigBee communication systems with modes of the device in master/slave architecture, infrastructure, peer to peer or one to one, adhoc, wireless mesh network. The system can be utilised for communication system ranging from short to intermediate to long range.