WO2012122350A1 - Climatisation à turbopompe solaire et chauffage hybride et procédé de fonctionnement - Google Patents

Climatisation à turbopompe solaire et chauffage hybride et procédé de fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012122350A1
WO2012122350A1 PCT/US2012/028222 US2012028222W WO2012122350A1 WO 2012122350 A1 WO2012122350 A1 WO 2012122350A1 US 2012028222 W US2012028222 W US 2012028222W WO 2012122350 A1 WO2012122350 A1 WO 2012122350A1
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Prior art keywords
renewable energy
compressor
refrigerant
air
condenser
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/028222
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English (en)
Inventor
Wayne POERIO
Original Assignee
Poerio Wayne
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Publication date
Application filed by Poerio Wayne filed Critical Poerio Wayne
Publication of WO2012122350A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012122350A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
    • F25B27/005—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in compression type systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K15/00—Adaptations of plants for special use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

Definitions

  • This invention is directed to using renewable energy, such as solar energy, to operate a heating and cooling system, in particular to an apparatus and method of operating a heating and cooling system by using renewable energy, turbocharging, and storing the renewable energy to provide twenty-four hour, seven days a week, heating and air conditioning.
  • renewable energy such as solar energy
  • HVAC heating and air conditioning
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,451 ,611 discloses a solar air-conditioning system that is preferably designed to operate with concentrated solar heat supplemented with solar electric cells/battery and if necessary, power from an electric utility grid.
  • the unit of heat added or subtracted is a British Thermal Unit ("BTU"), which is defined as the amount of heat to raise one pound of water one (1°) degree Fahrenheit. With excess capacity preferably designed in, unused BTUs can go into reserve for night and cloudy days.
  • BTU British Thermal Unit
  • the present invention system can use a circulating refrigerant such as, but not limited to, Freon® or ammonia in a cycle of compression and expansion. Solar concentrators can raise temperature and pressure of the refrigerant.
  • the raised temperature can be dissipated to the atmosphere and the refrigerant proceeds to the evaporator coil.
  • the evaporator can be located within a water tank containing an anti-freeze water solution.
  • the water tank contains at least approximately 1000 gallons of the anti-freeze water solution.
  • the water is preferably the storage medium. Heat can be added to or extracted from the storage medium by the evaporator coil. This invention is different because no turbocharger is used and batteries are required.
  • U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2004/0031282 discloses an air conditioning system with thermal storage that is suitable for using solar energy.
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,340,899 discloses a solar generator system including a plurality of heat exchangers.
  • the solar generator system includes a plurality of heat exchangers connected to receive incoming liquefied refrigerant under pressure. The number of such heat exchangers is sufficient to collect solar energy sufficient to induce a phase change from a liquid to a gas state.
  • the solar generator system also includes an air motor and an electric generator.
  • the air motor is coupled to the outflow of heated gas from the plurality of heat exchangers.
  • the air motor is rotated by the heated gas.
  • the electrical generator is coupled to the air motor so that rotation of said air motor causes rotation of said generator.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,957,536 discloses systems and methods capable of producing electrical power from solar energy through the use of air cycles without fossil fuel combustion.
  • the system includes a solar receiver, a generator, a compressor, and an expander.
  • the expander is coupled to the generator to drive the generator and coupled to the compressor to drive the compressor.
  • the system uses solar generated heat from the solar receiver to heat compressed air from the compressor.
  • the solar generated heat can be directly transferred from the solar receiver to the compressed air as the compressed air flows through receiver tubes of the solar receiver, or the solar receiver can transfer the solar generated heat to a liquid metal, with the liquid metal transferring thermal energy to the compressed air.
  • the expander receives and expands the heated compressed air to drive the generator to produce electricity, and to drive the compressor.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,880,553 discloses a system for providing buildings with a modular air conditioning system that utilizes solar energy for heating air.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,539,738 discloses a compact solar air conditioning system including a desorber, condenser, an evaporator and an absorber especially suited for tropical climates that includes an air-cooled single-effect absorption machine driven by an array of high performance flat-plate collectors along with a thermal storage tank.
  • the absorption machine uses lithium-bromide as a refrigerant and a water-based absorption fluid.
  • the operation of the compact solar air conditioning system is determined by an optimal control strategy.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,244,062 discloses a solar collector for converting solar radiation to thermal energy and electricity.
  • the collector has an upper cover with a material that is transparent to solar radiation.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,222,244 discloses an air conditioning apparatus that includes a chemical dehumidifier which employs an aqueous hygroscopic solution of glycol and a solar energy collector for use in regenerating the solution. Solar energy absorbed by a solar collector is transferred into a heat storage tank by means of a liquid and is used for regenerating the hygroscopic solution used in the contactor.
  • U.S. Patent No. 8,004,102 discloses a microturbine for the generation of mechanical and electrical power having a positive displacement axial vane rotary compressor and an axial vane rotary expander.
  • the compressor and expander are joined by a common shaft.
  • the system further includes at least one combustor for heating a driving fluid prior to its entering the expander.
  • the driving fluid such as air, enters the compressor at ambient conditions of pressure and temperature and is compressed.
  • the compressed driving fluid is preheated by the exhaust from the expander, then passes through a combustor to bring its temperature to a desired expander inlet temperature and then enters the expander where the expansion force of the hot driving fluid acting against the vanes of the expander is translated into rotation of the common shaft for driving both the compressor and a suitable power device such as an electrical generator.
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,735,324 discloses a machine designed as a centrifugal compressor is utilized and an organic Rankine cycle turbine by operating the machine in reverse.
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,040,278 discloses a microturbine for the generation of mechanical and electrical power comprising a positive displacement axial vane rotary compressor and an axial vane rotary expander.
  • the compressor and expander are joined by a common shaft.
  • the system further includes at least one combustor for heating a driving fluid prior to its entering the expander.
  • the driving fluid such as air, enters the compressor at ambient conditions of pressure and temperature and is compressed.
  • the compressed driving fluid is preheated by the exhaust from the expander, then passes through a combustor to bring its temperature to a desired expander inlet temperature and then enters the expander where the expansion force of the hot driving fluid acting against the vanes of the expander is translated into rotation of the common shaft for driving both the compressor and a suitable power device such as an electrical generator.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,962,056 discloses a centrifugal compressor designed for compression of refrigerants for purposes of air condition including a Rankine cycle system that is combined with a vapor compression cycle system with the turbine generator of the organic Rankine cycle generating the power necessary to operate the motor of the refrigerant compressor.
  • the vapor compression cycle is applied with its evaporator cooling the inlet air into a gas turbine
  • the organic Rankine cycle is applied to receive heat from a gas turbine exhaust to heat its boiler
  • a common condenser is used for the organic Rankine cycle and the vapor compression cycle, with a common refrigerant, R- 245A being circulated within both systems.
  • the turbine driven generator has a common shaft connected to the compressor to thereby eliminate the need for a separate motor to drive the compressor.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,841,744 discloses a double effect air cooled absorption refrigeration machine including fans provided on one side frame member out of the upper, lower and four side frame members which constitute a frame machine body, an air cooled heat exchanger provided on the remaining three side frame members.
  • the world is searching for renewable, "Green Energy", solutions to power our global economies.
  • the present invention focuses on reducing the electrical consumption for heating and air conditioning systems by limiting the use of the compressor to bad weather days only.
  • the system of the present invention can provide heating and air conditioning every day for twenty-four hours a day, depending on the ability to use the sun to heat the refrigerant.
  • the present invention is unique in many ways.
  • One example is that it does not require the home owner or business owner to replace their existing HVAC system.
  • the present invention can be add-on module or it can replace the existing portion of the HVAC system which is outside of the building (the condenser and compressor).
  • This add-on module is a low cost renewable energy alternative to conventional HVAC systems.
  • Previous approaches to solve this problem included adding photo-voltaic roof panels to power the heating/air conditioning compressor.
  • the present invention eliminates the need to power the compressor utilizing conventional power sources.
  • the present invention utilizes energy from the sun to perform the work previously done by the electrically operated compressor, by using a turbocharged pump and solar collector to heat refrigerant utilized in existing HVAC systems.
  • a electric motor is used to operate the outside compressor when there is not sufficient energy from the storage of thermal energy to operate the compressor.
  • the system can also operate and a hybrid system utilizing a variable speed electric motor to operate the compressor.
  • the present invention includes thermal energy storage to provide energy from 5PM to 8AM or when solar energy is not available.
  • the present system utilizes a solar refrigerant turbocharger and pump in conjunction with a solar collector to harness the sun's energy.
  • This invention uses the liquid pump within the solar turbocharger to boost the refrigerant pressures into the solar collector, next the refrigerant absorbs heat inside the solar collector and changes phase from a liquid to a vapor. The vapor is expanded across the turbine causing the turbine to spin. The turbine is connected to both the liquid pump and a compressor.
  • the ability of the refrigerant to change phase or flash from a liquid to a vapor is due to the solar energy that is transferred from evacuated tubes into the solar collector manifold and into the refrigerant.
  • the rate and ability to flash inside the solar collector is directly related to the length and number of solar evacuated tubes and can also be increased by adding a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) and or a Fresnel lens.
  • CPC compound parabolic concentrator
  • the gas is routed to the solar turbo pump turbine to drive the compressor and liquid pump.
  • the resulting fluid gas leaving the turbine is routed to the condenser for normal operation.
  • the result is a closed loop system consisting of a liquid pump, turbine, condenser and solar collector that drives a compressor that can be used for any system to provide as an energy free source for compression.
  • This solution can be tied into the current users heating/air conditioning systems condenser or an additional condenser can be included in the solar turbo pump collector hybrid modular unit.
  • the solar turbo pump can be sized to increase the discharge pressure of the exit refrigerant from the turbocharger to the condenser by changing the match between the compressor, turbine and liquid pump size, changing the compressor and turbine trims and the (Area to Rod) A/R ratio.
  • the discharge volutes can also be reduced or increased to set the desired pressure.
  • a downstream flow control can also be added to set the solar turbocharged collector exit pressures.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention relies on the transfer of the sun's renewable energy into the refrigeration fluids, including Freon®, in the form of heat. Adding heat to the refrigerant fluids, including Freon®, causes the fluid temperature to rise and thereby flash or change phase from a liquid to a gas enabling the vapor to be expanded across a turbine generating enough power to supply to both the liquid pump and run a compressor.
  • it is an objective of the present invention is to use a renewable energy to operate a HVAC system in a home or business.
  • It is a further objective of the present invention is to lower the cost for utilities by providing a modular solar turbo-hybrid heating and or air conditioning solution.
  • This solution permits the user to use existing heating/air conditioning equipment for minimal expense or it can be integrated into a newer system.
  • the stratified storage tank draws the heated fluid to drive a refrigeration loop from a layer within the tank having a highest temperature.
  • the water is passed through a heater positioned between the storage tank and the absorption machine.
  • Still another objective of the invention is to provide users in cold weather climates with a solar powered heat source.
  • the heat source includes a solar turbo-collector that is connected to a condenser/evaporator system.
  • the heat source works when the refrigerant is exposed to heat from solar turbo pump collector to operate a typical HVAC system without requiring a compressor.
  • FIGURE 1 is a conventional HVAC system in a home or business
  • FIGURE 2 is a system schematic of the present invention adaptable to any system
  • FIGURE 3 is system schematic of a closed loop system using Freon® to drive a turbine turbo pump drive system
  • FIGURE 4 is system schematic of closed loop turbo pump drive system including the compressor, the outline indicates a modular unit.
  • FIGURE 5 is system schematic of closed loop turbo pump drive system including the compressor and interface connections with existing or new systems, the outline indicates a modular unit;
  • FIGURE 6A is a minimal sizing of a solar turbo-pump collector, including conditions during operating that would not require energy to be consumed by a compressor;
  • FIGURE 6B is another embodiment of the present invention as illustrated in
  • FIGURE 7 is a start schematic utilizing a minimal sizing of a solar turbo pump collector, the system will start using a bypass valve system and starter motor;
  • FIGURE 8 is a start schematic for the present system, illustrating how the system will start using a starter motor used to generate liquid pressure
  • FIGURE 9 is a system schematic employing a low cost solution including thermal storage located in the solar collector manifold and using existing equipment;
  • FIGURE 10 is a system schematic of a reversible heating or air conditioning system. This shows the discharge of the compressor can be routed to the condenser or evaporator. The outline indicates what is in a modular unit;
  • FIGURE 11 is a system schematic that includes optional thermal storage locations. This illustration show thermal storage residing in the evacuated tubes and/or a self-contained thermal storage system. The outline indicates what is in a modular unit;
  • FIGURE 12 is a system schematic defining an optional drive system with a water cooled condenser that can also be a water heater source.
  • This illustration shows thermal storage residing in the solar collector manifold.
  • This unit includes an additional condenser that can be used to heat water by cooling the refrigerant and/or turbo.
  • the outline indicates what is in a modular unit;
  • FIGURE 13 is a system schematic including an additional condenser for those applications that do not want to tie into the existing users' condenser.
  • the outline indicates what is in a modular unit
  • FIGURE 14 is a system schematic including an additional condenser and modular thermal storage for those applications that do not want to tie into the existing users' condenser.
  • the outline indicates what is in a modular unit;
  • FIGURE 15 is a detailed solar collector using solar evacuated tube schematic of the solution for reducing the cost to heat and air condition a home.
  • This illustration shows thermal storage residing in the manifold and/or the evacuated tubes. This unit can be sized to work with existing heating/air conditioning systems;
  • FIGURE 16 is a detailed solar collector using solar evacuated tubes and compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) schematic of the solution for reducing the cost to heat and air condition any space.
  • CPC compound parabolic concentrator
  • FIGURE 17 is a top view of a detailed solar collector using solar evacuated tubes and compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) and Fresnel lens schematic of the solution for reducing the cost to heat and air condition any space.
  • CPC compound parabolic concentrator
  • FIGURE 18 is a system schematic of the present invention installed in a home utilizing the same footprint as the conventional outside A/C unit;
  • FIGURE 19 is an alternative embodiment of the system schematic similar illustrated in Fig. 18. It includes a metering device to reroute flow to eliminate the need for running the outside condenser fan and bypassing cooling flow; and
  • FIGURE 20 is a chart of the different starting modes of the turbine of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • FIGS 1-20 which are now referenced, illustrate the prior art, the present invention, and the manner in which the present invention is operated.
  • FIG 1 illustrates a conventional air-conditioning system of the prior art installed in a home or business 10.
  • An air handler 12 is installed inside of the home or business 10.
  • the air handler 12 includes an evaporator 14 and a metering device 16.
  • the evaporator 14 cools the air within the home or business by expansion of a refrigerant within the evaporator 14 and changing of the refrigerant from a liquid to a gas. This change of state of the refrigerant results in a release of energy.
  • the most popular refrigerants utilized in convention air-conditioning systems are Freon® R12, R245fa, and more recently Freon® R134A.
  • the outside unit 18 includes a compressor 20 and a condenser 22.
  • the gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator 14 is passed through the compressor 20.
  • the compressor 20 the gas is highly compressed. At this point energy is added to the system from the compressor 20 which in normally electrically powered. A large amount of electricity is required to operate the compressor to compress the gaseous refrigerant.
  • the compressed gas is passed into the condenser 22 where it changes from a gas to a liquid by releasing heat into the atmosphere.
  • the liquid refrigerant is passed through a metering device 16 into the evaporator 14 and the cooling cycle is repeated. Because the compressor 20 requires large amount to electricity to operate, this one device consumes a vast majority of electricity utilized by a home or business. The present invention reduces the need for this electricity.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a basic system of the present invention. This can also be considered to be a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system within the box 24 is a closed loop system. It includes a solar concentrator/collector 26, a turbine/expander 28, a condenser 30, and a liquid pump 32. There are also fluid connections 34, 36, 38, and 40 between the solar concentrator/collector 26, the turbine/expander 28, the condenser 30, and the liquid pump 32 respectively.
  • the fluid from the solar collector/condenser 26 is a liquid. It changes into a gas in the turbine/expander 28 and drives the turbine expander. When the fluid changes state from a liquid into a gas, work is extracted.
  • a shaft 42 is connected to the turbine/expander 28, the liquid pump 32 and a compressor 44.
  • the work from the turbine/expander 28 drives both the liquid pump 32 and the compressor 44.
  • the fluid in the closed loop system 24 is a refrigerant, such as Freon® R134A or R245fa.
  • Compressor 44 is a part of a conventional HVAC system. Compressor 44 is similar to compressor 20 in Fig. 1.
  • a gaseous refrigerant, such as Freon® is fed into the compressor 44 through fluid line 46 from a conventional HVAC system. Compressed refrigerant leaves the compressor 44 and is fed into the conventional HVAC system through fluid line 48. Since the shaft 42 drives the compressor 44 a motor is not required to operate the compressor 44.
  • an electric motor normally operates the compressor 44, a substantial cost savings is achieved by elimination of the electric motor. Additionally, the equipment within the box 24 is assembled as a module 50 which can be readily added-on to an existing HVAC system. Therefore, replacement of the existing HVAC system is not required resulting in another substantial cost savings.
  • an assessment of the existing building an HVAC is conducted. This assessment includes blower door tests for air leakage, in addition to other tests, to determine the lowest cost embodiment of the present invention to install with their existing HVAC system. Once the heating/air conditioning requirements have been determined, it is relatively simple to connect the present invention to the existing HVAC system. The refrigerant of the system of the preferred embodiment operates below 200°F.
  • FIG. 3 Another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • the liquid pump of Fig. 2 is a vane pump 52.
  • Refrigerant such as Freon® R134 or R254fa is circulated with in the closed loop system 24.
  • the vane pump 52 pumps the liquid refrigerant from the condenser 54 to the solar collector 56.
  • the vane pump 52 pumps the liquid refrigerant from the condenser 54 to the solar collector 56.
  • the vane pump 52 pumps the liquid refrigerant from the condenser 54 to the solar collector 56.
  • the refrigerant enters the vane pump 52 at 100 psi and 75° F.
  • the refrigerant leaves the vane pump 52 at 500 psi and 75° F.
  • the solar collector 56 heats the refrigerant to 500 psi and 170° F by using solar energy from the sun. Details of the solar collector 56 will be set forth herein after. From the solar collector 56 the refrigerant is fed into
  • Fig. 4 is another embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is similar to the embodiment of Fig. 3. Additionally, a rotary vane compressor 60 is connected to the turbine 58. The turbine 58 drives the rotary compressor 60.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates how the system illustrated in Fig. 4 can be connected to a conventional HVAC system utilizing the existing equipment of the HVAC system.
  • the conventional HVAC system is similar to the system described in Fig. 1.
  • An evaporator 14 cools the air with the house or building.
  • a compressor 20 compresses the refrigerant, which is a gas at this point. From the compressor 20 the refrigerant is liquefied in condenser 22 and then sent to the evaporator 14.
  • the module 50 of the present invention can be connected to the conventional HVAC system at two points.
  • a "T" connection 62 removes part of the gaseous refrigerant from the convention system and sends it to the rotary vane compressor 60.
  • a check valve 64 is placed in this fluid line to prevent the backflow of refrigerant into the conventional HVAC system. After the refrigerant has been compressed in rotary vane compressor 60 it is sent back into the conventional HVAC system at a "T" connection 64. Another check valve 68 prevents backflow of the compressed refrigerant into the rotary vane compressor 60. This is the most cost effective embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6A is the module 50 of the present invention without illustrating the conventional HVAC system in Fig. 5.
  • Freon® R22 is utilized as the refrigerant in the convention al HVAC system.
  • the gaseous refrigerant in the conventional system enters the rotary vane compressor 60 at 75 psi and 45°F to 65°F.
  • the refrigerant leaves the rotary vane compressor 60 at 150 to 235 psi and 113°F.
  • This refrigerant in the closed loop of the present invention can be Freon® R134A or R245fa.
  • This embodiment indicates the minimum size of the present invention that is required to operate with a conventional HVAC system.
  • Fig 6B is another embodiment of the module 50 of the present invention without illustrating the conventional HVAC system.
  • hot liquid refrigerant such as Freon®
  • a started motor is used to operate the pump vane 52, the turbine 58 and the rotary vane compressor 60.
  • the vaporized refrigerant from the solar collector 56 bypasses the turbine 58 and it sent to the condenser 54 during startup.
  • the refrigerant no longer bypasses the turbine 58, but rather is sent directly to the turbine 58.
  • the vapor is expanded supersonically through the turbine nozzle which causes the blades of the turbine 58 to spin.
  • the turbine then drives the vane pump 52 and rotary vane compressor 60.
  • the vaporized refrigerant is condensed back into a liquid in condenser 54 and sent to vane pump 52. From vane pump 52 the liquid refrigerant is sent back to the solar collector 56.
  • a heat exchanger 65 is utilized to pre-heat the liquid refrigerant prior to it entering the solar collector 56.
  • Heat exchanger 65 also acts as a condenser to enable the refrigerant used in the air conditioning system of the home or business 10 to condense after it leaves the rotary vane compressor 60 without using a fan, as the conventional systems do.
  • Fig. 7 is the module 50 of the present invention in a "start mode" without illustrating the conventional HVAC system in Fig. 5.
  • Freon® R22 is utilized as the refrigerant in the convention al HVAC system.
  • the gaseous refrigerant in the convention al system enters the rotary vane compressor 60 at 75 psi and 45°F to 65°F.
  • the refrigerant leaves the rotary vane compressor 60 at 150 to 235 psi and 113°F.
  • the refrigerant in the closed loop system 24 of the present invention after it leaves the solar collector 56, bypasses the turbine 58 in line 70 until there is adequate pressure within the closed loop system 24 for it to operate.
  • a starter motor is used to spin the liquid pump until the turbine has adequate pressure to take over operation by itself.
  • the length of time that the started motor operate is dependent on the length of the refrigerant line.
  • the amount of time the starter motor operates is not to exceed 30 seconds.
  • Fig. 8 is the module 50 of the present invention in a "start mode" without illustrating the conventional HVAC system in Fig. 5.
  • Freon® R22 is utilized as the refrigerant in the convention al HVAC system.
  • the gaseous refrigerant in the conventional system enters the rotary vane compressor 60 at 135 psi and 45°F to 65°F.
  • the refrigerant leaves the rotary vane compressor 60 at 270 to 350 psi and 113°F or if Freon® R245fa is used, the refrigerant can leave the rotary compressor at a pressure as low as 100 psi.
  • start mode the refrigerant in the closed loop system 24 of the present invention, after it leaves the solar collector 56, bypasses the turbine 58 through fluid line 70 until there is adequate pressure within the closed loop system for it to operate. Additionally, there is a starter motor 72 which operates the vane pump or liquid pump 52 until the closed loop system can operate on its own.
  • the starter motor can be a variable speed motor.
  • Fig. 9 is the present invention in an embodiment similar to the one illustrated in Fig. 5.
  • the conventional HVAC system is similar to the system described in Fig. 1.
  • An evaporator 14 cools the air with the house or building.
  • a compressor 20 compresses the refrigerant, which is a gas at this point. From the compressor 20 the refrigerant is liquefied in condenser 22 and then sent to the evaporator 14.
  • the module 50 of the present invention can be connected to the conventional HVAC system at two points.
  • a "T" connection 62 removes part of the gaseous refrigerant from the convention system and sends it to the rotary vane compressor 60.
  • a check valve 64 is placed in this fluid line to prevent the backflow of refrigerant into the conventional HVAC system.
  • the solar collector 56 is equipped with an integral manifold 78 for thermal storage of the energy used to vaporize the liquid refrigerant in the closed loop.
  • the thermal storage of energy is especially useful from 5PM to 8AM when there is little or now sun. Also this thermal storage is useful on days when there is very little sun, such as in rain, snow and other bad weather.
  • Fig. 10 is the present invention in an embodiment similar to the one illustrated in Fig. 9.
  • the conventional HVAC system is operating as a heat pump.
  • the conventional HVAC system is similar to the system described in Fig. 1.
  • An evaporator 14 cools the air with the house or building.
  • a compressor 20 compresses the refrigerant, which is a gas at this point. From the compressor 20 the refrigerant is liquefied in condenser 22 and then sent to the evaporator 14.
  • the module 50 of the present invention can be connected to the conventional HVAC system at two points.
  • a "T" connection 62 removes part of the gaseous refrigerant from the convention system and sends it to the rotary vane compressor 60.
  • a check valve 64 is placed in this fluid line to prevent the backflow of refrigerant into the conventional HVAC system.
  • Another check valve 68 prevents backflow of the compressed refrigerant into the rotary vane compressor 60.
  • the solar collector 56 is equipped with an integral manifold 78 for thermal storage of the energy used to vaporize the liquid refrigerant in the closed loop.
  • Fig. 11 is the present invention in an embodiment similar to the one illustrated in Fig. 9.
  • the conventional HVAC system is similar to the system described in Fig. 1.
  • An evaporator 14 cools the air with the house or building.
  • a compressor 20 compresses the refrigerant, which is a gas at this point. From the rotary vane compressor 20 the refrigerant is liquefied in condenser 22 and then sent to the evaporator 14.
  • the module 50 of the present invention can be connected to the conventional HVAC system at two points.
  • a "T" connection 62 removes part of the gaseous refrigerant from the convention system and sends it to the vane compressor 60.
  • a check valve 64 is placed in this fluid line to prevent the backflow of refrigerant into the conventional HVAC system. After the refrigerant has been compressed in rotary vane compressor 60 it is sent back into the conventional HVAC system at a "T" connection 62. Another check valve 68 prevents backflow of the compressed refrigerant into the rotary vane compressor 60.
  • the solar collector 56 is equipped with an integral manifold 78 for thermal storage of the energy used to vaporize the liquid refrigerant in the closed loop. There is also a thermal storage module 80 for additional storage of the energy used to vaporize the liquid refrigerant in the closed loop.
  • Fig. 12 is the present invention in an embodiment similar to the one illustrated in Fig. 9.
  • the conventional HVAC system is similar to the system described in Fig. 1.
  • An evaporator 14 cools the air with the house or building.
  • a compressor 20 compresses the refrigerant, which is a gas at this point. From the compressor 20 the refrigerant is liquefied in condenser 22 and then sent to the evaporator 14.
  • the module 50 of the present invention can be connected to the conventional HVAC system at two points.
  • a "T" connection 62 removes part of the gaseous refrigerant from the convention system and sends it to the rotary vane compressor 60.
  • a check valve 64 is placed in this fluid line to prevent the backflow of refrigerant into the conventional HVAC system. After the refrigerant has been compressed in rotary vane compressor 60 it is sent back into the conventional HVAC system at a "T" connection 62. Another check valve 68 prevents backflow of the compressed refrigerant into the compressor 60.
  • the solar collector 56 is equipped with an integral manifold 78 for thermal storage of the energy used to vaporize the liquid refrigerant in the closed loop.
  • the integral manifold 78 can contain thermal storage media, such as PCM-phase change materials, including salts and water based fluids.
  • the condenser 54 is equipped with a solar water heater/condenser 82.
  • Fig. 13 is the present invention in an embodiment similar to the one illustrated in Fig. 9.
  • the conventional HVAC system is similar to the system described in Fig. 1.
  • An evaporator 14 cools the air with the house or building.
  • a compressor 20 compresses the refrigerant, which is a gas at this point. From the compressor 20 the refrigerant is liquefied in condenser 22 and then sent to the evaporator 14.
  • the module 50 of the present invention can be connected to the conventional HVAC system at two points.
  • a "T" connection 62 removes part of the gaseous refrigerant from the convention system and sends it to the rotary vane compressor 60.
  • a check valve 64 is placed in this fluid line to prevent the backflow of refrigerant into the conventional HVAC system. After the refrigerant has been compressed in rotary vane compressor 60 it is sent back into the conventional HVAC system at a "T" connection 84. Another check valve 68 prevents backflow of the compressed refrigerant into the rotary vane compressor 60.
  • the solar collector 56 is equipped with an integral manifold 78 for thermal storage of the energy used to vaporize the liquid refrigerant in the closed loop.
  • Fig. 14 is the present invention in an embodiment similar to the one illustrated in Fig. 13. In this embodiment there is an external module for storage of the solar energy.
  • the conventional HVAC system is similar to the system described in Fig. 1.
  • An evaporator 14 cools the air with the house or building.
  • a compressor 20 compresses the refrigerant, which is a gas at this point. From the compressor 20 the refrigerant is liquefied in condenser 22 and then sent to the evaporator 14.
  • the module 50 of the present invention can be connected to the conventional HVAC system at two points.
  • a "T" connection 62 removes part of the gaseous refrigerant from the convention system and sends it to the rotary vane compressor 60.
  • a check valve 64 is placed in this fluid line to prevent the backflow of refrigerant into the conventional HVAC system.
  • Condenser 61 can be either an air- cooled condenser or a water cooled condenser.
  • the refrigerant is sent back into the conventional HVAC system at a "T" connection 84.
  • Another check valve 68 prevents backflow of the compressed refrigerant into the rotary vane compressor 60.
  • the solar collector 56 is equipped with an integral manifold 78 for thermal storage of the energy used to vaporize the liquid refrigerant in the closed loop. There is an external module 86 for storage of the solar energy.
  • a water-cooled condenser 61 it can also be used as a solar water heater by cooling the refrigerant. This embodiment can be operated 24 hours a day without relying on the addition of supplemental electrical energy to operate the rotary vane compressor 60.
  • Fig. 15 is one embodiment of the solar collector 56. In this embodiment evacuated tubes 88 are utilized to collect the solar energy from the sun and transfer it to the refrigerant utilizing the integral manifold 78.
  • Fig. 16 is another embodiment of the solar collector 56.
  • both evacuated tubes 88 and compound parabolic concentrators (CPC) 90 are utilized to collect the solar energy from the sun and transfer it to the refrigerant utilizing the integral manifold 78.
  • CPC compound parabolic concentrators
  • Fig. 17 is another embodiment of the solar collector 56.
  • the solar collector is equipped with evacuated tubes 88, compound parabolic concentrators (CPC) 90, and Fresnel lens 92 to collect solar energy and transfer it to the refrigerant utilizing the integral manifold 78.
  • Fig. 17 is a top view of the solar collector 56 equipped with evacuated tubes 88, compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) 90, and Fresnel lens 92.
  • Fig. 18 illustrates one embodiment of the present invention installed in a home or business 10.
  • An air handler 12 is installed inside of the home or business 10.
  • the air handler 12 includes an evaporator 14 and a metering device 16.
  • the evaporator 14 cools the air within the home or business by expansion of a refrigerant within the evaporator 14 and changing of the refrigerant from a liquid to a gas. This change of state of the refrigerant results in a release of energy.
  • the most popular refrigerants utilized in convention air- conditioning systems are Freon® R12, R245fa, and more recently Freon® R134A. Subsequent to the air within the building being cooled by passing over the evaporator 14, the refrigerant is sent to the outside unit 18.
  • the outside unit 18 includes a compressor 20 and a condenser 22.
  • the gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator 14 is passed through the compressor 20.
  • the gas In the compressor 20 the gas is highly compressed. At this point energy is added to the system from the compressor 20 which in normally electrically powered.
  • the compressed gas is passed into the condenser 22 where it changes from a gas to a liquid by releasing heat into the atmosphere.
  • the liquid refrigerant is passed through a metering device 16 into the evaporator 14 and the cooling cycle is repeated.
  • a solar collector 26 is located on the roof 94 of the building 96 of the home or business 10.
  • the system of the present invention is added onto an existing outside unit of a conventional HVAC system.
  • the system of the present invention includes a solar concentrator/collector 26, a turbine/expander 28, a condenser 30, and a liquid pump 32.
  • the fluid from the solar collector/condenser 26 is a liquid. It changes into a gas in the turbine/expander 28 and drives the turbine expander. When the fluid changes state from a liquid into a gas, work is extracted.
  • a shaft 42 is connected to the turbine/expander 28, the liquid pump 32 and a compressor 44.
  • the work from the turbine/expander 28 drives both the liquid pump 32 and the compressor 44.
  • the fluid in the closed loop system 24 is a refrigerant, such as Freon® R134A or R245fa.
  • Compressor 20 is a part of a conventional HVAC system.
  • a gaseous refrigerant, such as Freon® is fed into the compressor 20 through fluid line 46 from a conventional HVAC system.
  • Compressed refrigerant leaves the compressor 20 and is fed into the conventional HVAC system through fluid line 48. Since the shaft 42 drives the compressor 20 a motor is not required to operate the compressor 20. Because an electric motor normally operates the compressor 20, a substantial cost savings is achieved by elimination of the electric motor. Additionally, the equipment within the box 18 can be readily added-on to an existing HVAC system.
  • Fig. 19 is another embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is similar to the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 18 and described herein above. In this other embodiment a second metering device 98 is added to the system. This addition to the outside unit 18 enables the outside unit 18 to operate without the need to run the outside condenser fan 100.
  • An air handler 12 is installed inside of the home or business 10.
  • the air handler 12 includes an evaporator 14 and a metering device 16.
  • the evaporator 14 cools the air within the home or business by expansion of a refrigerant within the evaporator 14 and changing of the refrigerant from a liquid to a gas. This change of state of the refrigerant results in a release of energy.
  • the most popular refrigerants utilized in convention air- conditioning systems are Freon® R12 or R245fa and more recently Freon® R134A.
  • the outside unit 18 includes a compressor 20 and a condenser 22.
  • the gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator 14 is passed through the compressor 20.
  • the gas In the compressor 20 the gas is highly compressed. At this point energy is added to the system from the compressor 20 which in normally electrically powered.
  • the compressed gas is passed into the condenser 22 where it changes from a gas to a liquid by releasing heat into the atmosphere. From the condenser 22 the liquid refrigerant is passed through a metering device 16 into the evaporator 14 and the cooling cycle is repeated.
  • a solar concentrator/collector 26 is located on the roof 94 of the building 96 of the home or business 10.
  • the system of the present invention is added onto an existing outside unit of a conventional HVAC system.
  • the system of the present invention includes a solar concentrator/collector 26, a turbine/expander 28, a condenser 30, and a liquid pump 32.
  • the fluid from the solar collector/condenser 26 is a liquid. It changes into a gas in the turbine/expander 28 and drives the turbine expander. When the fluid changes state from a liquid into a gas, work is extracted.
  • a shaft 42 is connected to the turbine/expander 28, the liquid pump 32 and a compressor 44.
  • the work from the turbine/expander 28 drives both the liquid pump 32 and the compressor 44.
  • the fluid in the closed loop system is a refrigerant, such as Freon® 134A or R245fa.
  • Compressor 20 is a part of a conventional HVAC system.
  • a gaseous refrigerant, such as Freon® is fed into the compressor 20 through fluid line 46 from a conventional HVAC system.
  • Compressed refrigerant leaves the compressor 20 and is fed into the conventional HVAC system through fluid line 48. Since the shaft 42 drives the compressor 20 a motor is not required to operate the compressor 20.
  • a portion of the refrigerant from the condenser 22 is diverted through line 102 to a second metering device 98. From the second metering device 98 the diverted refrigerant becomes a gas and wants to absorb heat. It is then sent through line 104 to condenser 30. From condenser 30 the refrigerant is sent back into fluid line 46 at junction 106. This portion of the refrigerant that bypasses of the air handler 12 within the home or business 10 does not add a substantial amount of energy to the refrigerant since it is not exposed to the warm air within the home or building 10. Next this bypass portion of the refrigerant is sent to condenser 30 where it is cooled.
  • the cooled refrigerant is blended with the refrigerant from the air handler 12. This cooled refrigerant allows the refrigerant to be condensed into a liquid in condenser 22 without the need to remove energy by utilizing the cooling fan 100 on the condenser 22. As described herein above, the equipment within the box 24 can be readily added-on to an existing HVAC system.
  • Fig. 20 is a chart which illustrates the various different starting modes for the turbine of the present invention.
  • start modes 1-3 and Run-bad weather the started motor is employed.
  • a clutch on each of the motor, the compressor, the pump, and the turbine permit these devices to be independently connected to and operated by the solar concentrator/collector of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système en boucle fermée utilisant un turbocompresseur (28) et une pompe (32) à fluide frigorigène solaire en combinaison avec un capteur solaire (26) pour faire fonctionner un système de chauffage et de refroidissement pour un immeuble en utilisant une source d'énergie renouvelable. La pompe à liquide contenue dans le turbocompresseur solaire est utilisée pour renforcer les pressions du fluide frigorigène entrant dans le capteur solaire, le fluide frigorigène absorbe la chaleur contenue dans le capteur solaire et change de phase en passant de l'état liquide à l'état de vapeur. La vapeur est détendue à travers une turbine et fait tourner cette dernière. L'aptitude du fluide frigorigène à changer de phase ou à subir une évaporation éclair pour passer de l'état liquide à l'état de vapeur est due à l'énergie solaire qui est transmise de tubes sous vide au collecteur du capteur solaire et au fluide frigorigène. Le gaz est envoyé à la turbine de la turbopompe solaire pour entraîner le compresseur (44) et la pompe à liquide. Le fluide gazeux résultant qui quitte la turbine est envoyé au condenseur (26) pour assurer le fonctionnement normal.
PCT/US2012/028222 2011-03-08 2012-03-08 Climatisation à turbopompe solaire et chauffage hybride et procédé de fonctionnement WO2012122350A1 (fr)

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US9772127B2 (en) 2011-03-08 2017-09-26 JOI Scientific, Inc. Solar turbo pump—hybrid heating-air conditioning and method of operation
GB201513936D0 (en) * 2015-08-06 2015-09-23 Tree Associates Ltd Engine
CA2994302A1 (fr) * 2015-08-19 2017-02-23 Wayne Martin Poerio Climatisation et chauffage - hybride a turbopompe solaire et procede de fonctionnement
WO2024092068A1 (fr) * 2022-10-26 2024-05-02 Poerio Wayne Système de climatisation hybride

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