WO2012119545A1 - 定日镜装置及相应的定日镜*** - Google Patents

定日镜装置及相应的定日镜*** Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012119545A1
WO2012119545A1 PCT/CN2012/072011 CN2012072011W WO2012119545A1 WO 2012119545 A1 WO2012119545 A1 WO 2012119545A1 CN 2012072011 W CN2012072011 W CN 2012072011W WO 2012119545 A1 WO2012119545 A1 WO 2012119545A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heliostat
frame
sub
synchronous
mirrors
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/072011
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈煜达
游思梁
Original Assignee
上海晶电新能源有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海晶电新能源有限公司 filed Critical 上海晶电新能源有限公司
Publication of WO2012119545A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012119545A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
    • G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
    • G02B7/183—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors specially adapted for very large mirrors, e.g. for astronomy, or solar concentrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/77—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with flat reflective plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
    • F24S30/455—Horizontal primary axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/13—Transmissions
    • F24S2030/133—Transmissions in the form of flexible elements, e.g. belts, chains, ropes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/13—Transmissions
    • F24S2030/136—Transmissions for moving several solar collectors by common transmission elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of solar energy equipment, in particular to the technical field of solar light reflection and light distribution control equipment, and in particular to a heliostat device and a corresponding heliostat system.
  • the existing solar thermal power generation systems in the world mainly include three basic types of trough line focusing systems, tower systems and dish systems.
  • Heliostats are very important equipment in the initial stages of energy conversion in tower solar thermal power systems. Thousands of heliostats are typically used in tower systems to continuously track solar radiant energy through separate control systems and focus the energy on the heat sink at the top of the tower, which is then utilized in the form of thermal energy. Therefore, the design of heliostats is one of the important aspects of tower solar thermal power generation system design, which is the basis for reducing power generation costs and commercializing solar thermal power generation.
  • the commonly used single-column heliostats usually consist of a bracket, a transmission system, a mirror and a control system.
  • the bracket is the supporting part of the entire heliostat, and the components are stably connected together.
  • the mirror is fixed on the bracket, and the incident light of the sun is reflected by the transmission system to the heat absorber of the heat absorption tower.
  • the control system uses the azimuth and pitch dual-axis drive to control the heliostat to automatically track the sun.
  • the heliostat tracking device of the solar tower type thermal power generation has different structural forms.
  • Chinese Patent Application No. 200510039114.8 discloses a heliostat device, which includes a plane mirror group, an azimuth adjustment mechanism, and an elevation angle adjustment mechanism. Positioning sensor and control circuit, wherein the axes of the horizontal axis and the vertical axis are in the same plane and intersect perpendicularly, and the collective center of the plane lens group is located at the intersection of the two axes, and the center line of the positioning sensor is connected with the intersection of the two axes and the center point of the projection target Lines coincide.
  • Such a heliostat device has a large volume, is suitable for a truss type heliostat bracket device, and has the disadvantages of low rotation control accuracy, and is not suitable for the chasing movement of a small heliostat.
  • Chinese patent application 200810007862.1 discloses a heliostat device, which adopts azimuth plus elevation tracking mode or spin plus elevation tracking mode; including a flat mirror, a frame that is small enough to be formed at one time, an adjustment mechanism, and is installed in the center tower and the date Positioning guide tubes, positioning sensors, and control systems between the mirror devices.
  • This type of device is limited in size due to the use of a small frame that is molded at one time. ⁇ Using elevation tracking or spin plus elevation tracking to make heliostats The adjustment angle should not be too large, the flexibility is not high, and the range of the heliostat is limited, which is unfavorable for the cleaning and maintenance of the heliostat.
  • Chinese patent application 201010150049.7 discloses a solar heliostat transmission device, which comprises a transmission box body and a transmission box base.
  • the transmission box body is coaxially mounted on the transmission box base, and the transmission box body is installed through the box body coupling shaft and the thrust bearing.
  • an azimuth transmission system is installed on the base of the transmission case, and a pitch transmission system is arranged on the transmission case body.
  • the vertical rotary motion and the horizontal rotary motion of the device are both meshed and driven by the pitch cone mast and the pitch cone wheel. To achieve high-precision transmission, the precision of the manufacturing and manufacturing of the device is high, and it is difficult to manufacture.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, and to provide an accurate tracking of the change in the orientation of the sun, reflection of sunlight onto the target, effective improvement of wind resistance, simple and practical structure, and high reliability.
  • the maintenance and calibration is quick and convenient, the work performance is stable and reliable, and the heliostat device and the corresponding heliostat system are widely applicable.
  • the heliostat device and the corresponding heliostat system of the present invention have the following configuration:
  • the heliostat device is characterized in that the heliostat device comprises a frame, a plurality of sub-mirrors, a first transmission mechanism and a second transmission mechanism, the frame has a rolling shaft, and the frame is movably disposed on the frame bracket through the rolling shaft, and the first transmission mechanism is coupled to the rolling shaft and Controlling the frame to rotate around the rolling axis;
  • each of the sub-mirrors has a pitch axis, the respective pitch axes are parallel to each other, and the respective sub-mirrors are disposed in the frame through the corresponding pitch axis activities.
  • the second transmission mechanism is coupled to each of the pitch axes and controls each of the sub-mirrors to rotate synchronously with respect to the frame relative to the pitch axis, the roll axis being non-parallel to each of the pitch axes.
  • the rolling axis in the heliostat device and the respective pitch axes may be in the same plane, and the rolling axis and each pitch axis are perpendicular to each other or at an angle to each other; or the rolling axis and each pitch axis may or may not be In the same plane, and the rolling axis is parallel to the imaginary plane formed by the respective pitch axes, the projection of the rolling axis on the imaginary plane is perpendicular to the respective pitch axes, or at an angle to each pitch axis.
  • the rolling axis in the heliostat device is horizontal.
  • the sub-mirrors in the heliostat device are spaced apart from each other.
  • the second transmission mechanism in the heliostat device may include a driven crank, a deceleration driving device, a driving crank and a connecting shaft disposed on the respective pitch axes, and the driving crank passes through the connected 4
  • the shaft is coupled to each of the driven cranks
  • the deceleration driving device is coupled to the driving end of the driving crank, and drives the driving crank to swing synchronously with each of the driven cranks.
  • the driven crank in the heliostat device is disposed at an end or a middle portion of the pitch axis.
  • the deceleration driving device in the heliostat device comprises a motor, a speed reducing mechanism and a timing pulley, and the motor is sequentially connected to the driving end of the driving crank through a speed reducing mechanism and a timing pulley.
  • the driven crank in the heliostat device is fixedly coupled to the corresponding pitch axis by an angle adjustment sleeve.
  • the second transmission mechanism in the heliostat device may also include a timing pulley, a snubber connection disposed on each of the pitch axes, and drive the respective timing pulleys to rotate synchronously.
  • a timing pulley in the heliostat device is disposed at an end of the pitch axis.
  • the deceleration driving device in the heliostat device comprises a motor, a speed reducing mechanism and a synchronous driving wheel, wherein the motor is connected to the synchronous driving wheel through a speed reduction mechanism, and the synchronous driving wheel can pass the synchronization
  • the drive belt is connected to each of the timing pulleys.
  • the synchronous drive belt in the heliostat device can be a single-sided timing belt, and the drive side drive of the single-sided timing belt is coupled to the synchronous drive wheel and the respective timing pulleys.
  • the synchronous transmission belt in the heliostat device can also be a double-sided timing belt, and the double-sided timing belt alternately bypasses the synchronous driving wheel and each synchronous pulley, and the two transmissions of the double-sided timing belt The side alternately drives the synchronous drive wheel and the respective timing pulleys.
  • the synchronous belt in the heliostat device may further include a first timing belt and a plurality of second timing belts, wherein the first timing belt drives the synchronous driving wheel and the at least one timing belt, and each of the The second timing belt is driven to connect two adjacent timing pulleys.
  • the first transmission mechanism in the heliostat device may include a flange bearing structure fixedly disposed on the frame bracket and a deceleration driving device, and the decelerating driving device passes through the flange bearing structure and the The rolling shaft phase drives the connection and drives the rolling shaft to rotate.
  • the flange bearing structure of the heliostat device includes a support plate and a flange, and the flange is fixedly disposed on the frame bracket by the support plate, the rolling shaft and the flange The phase is connected.
  • the deceleration driving device in the heliostat device comprises a motor, a speed reducing mechanism and a transmission wheel, and the motor is in turn connected with the flange bearing structure through the speed reduction mechanism and the transmission wheel.
  • the drive wheel in the heliostat device is a synchronous pulley or a wire wheel.
  • the first transmission mechanism in the heliostat device may also include an articulated structure and a telescopic drive device fixedly disposed on the frame bracket, the roller shaft is hinged with the hinge structure, and the telescopic drive The device is connected between the frame and the frame holder, and drives the frame to rotate around the rolling axis.
  • the telescopic drive device in the heliostat device is a hydraulic telescopic cylinder or a ball screw telescopic mechanism.
  • the planes of all the sub-mirrors in the frame in the heliostat device may be parallel to each other; or the frame may be divided into several regions along the extending direction of the rolling axis, and the planes of the sub-mirrors in each region are parallel to each other, different There is an angular difference between the planes of the sub-mirrors of the region, and the mirror surface composed of all the sub-mirrors of the heliostat device has a concave shape.
  • a heliostat system using the above device comprising a reflective target object disposed in the mirror field and a plurality of heliostat devices disposed around the heat absorption tower, the main feature of which is that each of the said The extending direction of the rolling axis of the frame in the mirror device is perpendicular to the plane defined by the reflecting target object and the center of the corresponding heliostat device, or each sub-mirror in each of the heliostat devices
  • the pitch axes extend in a direction parallel to the plane defined by the reflective target object and the center of the corresponding heliostat device.
  • the reflective target object in the heliostat system may be an endothermic tower, a secondary reflection system, or other form of heliostat reflective target.
  • the heliostat device and the corresponding heliostat system of the invention are used, and since a plurality of sub-mirrors are integrated into a larger frame, the sub-mirrors are similarly installed with louvers, and the sub-mirror width is small. Therefore, the wind resistance problem is effectively improved, and a group of heliostat frames can be used to uniformly use the driving mechanism, which not only reduces the number of driving mechanisms, but also saves a large number of mechanical hard limits through accurate measurement and design.
  • the heliostats work continuously all day, while improving reliability, maintenance and correction are simpler; the precise synchronous rotation of multiple sub-mirrors is realized by the transmission mechanism of the timing belt; through the rigidly rigid sub-mirror axes and their parallel arrangement, The problem of the deformation of the rotating shaft of the large-sized sub-mirror is improved.
  • the present invention effectively solves the shadow/occlusion optics between the sub-mirrors by means of the parallel arrangement of the strip-shaped sub-mirrors and the special positional relationship between the rotating shaft and the heat-absorbing tower.
  • DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a heliostat device of the present invention.
  • 2a and 2b are partial structural views showing a first embodiment of a second transmission mechanism of the heliostat device of the present invention.
  • 3a, 3b, and 3c are schematic views showing the structure of a second embodiment of the second transmission mechanism of the heliostat device of the present invention.
  • Figure 3d is a schematic view showing the structure of a third embodiment of the second transmission mechanism of the heliostat device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial structural schematic view of a first transmission mechanism of the heliostat device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the setting of the angular difference of the sub-areas of each sub-mirror in the heliostat device of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the positional relationship between the heat absorbing tower and the heliostat device in the heliostat system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the support structure of the frame three-arc guide rail of the heliostat device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a frame-shaped curved guide rail and a two-column support structure of the heliostat device of the present invention. detailed description
  • Submirror A small mirror in a heliostat unit
  • Roll angle the angle at which the entire heliostat unit frame rotates
  • Rolling axis the axis of rotation of the entire heliostat unit frame
  • Bracket Support structure between the two ends of the heliostat unit frame rolling shaft to the ground
  • the heliostat device includes a frame 1, a plurality of sub-mirrors 2, a first transmission mechanism and a second transmission mechanism.
  • the frame 1 has a rolling shaft 11 and the frame 1 passes through The scroll shaft 11 is set to be movable in the frame
  • the first transmission mechanism is drivingly connected to the rolling shaft 11 and controlling the frame 1 to rotate around the rolling shaft 11; each of the sub-mirrors 2 has a pitch axis 21, Each of the pitch axes 21 is parallel to each other, and each of the sub-mirrors 2 is movably disposed in the lens frame 1 through a corresponding pitch axis 21, and the second transmission mechanism is drivingly connected to each of the pitch axes 21 and controls the respective sub-mirrors 2 to correspond to each other.
  • the pitch axis 21 rotates synchronously with respect to the frame 1 , and in order to realize the biaxial tracking, it is impossible for the two axes of the heliostat to be parallel, and the roll axis 11 and each of the pitch axes 21 are not parallel.
  • the rolling shaft 11 and each pitch axis 21 may be in the same plane, and the rolling axis 11 and each pitch axis 21 are perpendicular to each other or at an angle to each other; or the rolling axis 11 and each pitch axis 21 may not be in the same plane, and the rolling axis 11 is parallel to the imaginary plane formed by the respective pitch axes 21, the projection of the rolling axis 11 on the imaginary plane is perpendicular to the respective pitch axes 21, or The pitch axis 21 is at an angle.
  • the rolling shaft 11 in the heliostat device is in a horizontal direction, and the respective sub-mirrors 2 are normally spaced apart from each other, of course, without affecting the free rotation of the sub-mirror 2 with respect to the pitch axis 21,
  • the respective sub-mirrors 2 can be arranged to overlap each other.
  • the second transmission mechanism in the heliostat device may include a deceleration driving device 5, a driving crank 6, a connecting rod 7, and a setting
  • the driven cranks 4 on the respective pitch axes 21, the drive cranks 6 are axially coupled to the respective driven cranks 4 via the connecting rods 7, the deceleration driving device 5 and the driving crank 6
  • the driving ends are connected, and the driving crank 6 is driven to oscillate in synchronization with the respective driven cranks 4.
  • the driven crank 4 in the heliostat device can be disposed at the end of the pitch axis 21, and referring to FIG. 2b, the driven crank 4 in the heliostat device It can also be arranged in the middle of the pitch axis 21, wherein the driven crank 4 in the heliostat device is fixedly connected to the corresponding pitch axis 21 via the angle adjustment sleeve 41.
  • the deceleration driving device 5 in the heliostat device comprises a motor, a speed reducing mechanism and a timing pulley, and the motor is in turn connected to the driving end of the driving crank 6 through a speed reducing mechanism and a timing pulley.
  • a driving crank is mounted at one end (or the center) of the mirror shaft, and a timing pulley is mounted at the output shaft end of the speed reducing mechanism, and is transmitted to the driving crank through the timing belt.
  • a connecting rod connects all the driven cranks and drive cranks. Through the connecting rod and the crank transmission, the purpose of simultaneously controlling the movement of all the sub-mirrors is simultaneously achieved.
  • the timing pulley and the timing belt can be eliminated, and the output shaft end of the speed reduction mechanism can directly connect the connecting rod through the driving crank.
  • This transmission structure is that it can achieve a sub-mirror pitch angle of 360.
  • the rotation is convenient and the installation is convenient.
  • an angle adjustment sleeve 41 may be installed at each pitch axis end to facilitate adjustment of the relative angle between each pitch axis and the mirror surface.
  • the processing difficulty is greatly reduced.
  • the second transmission mechanism in the heliostat device may also include a timing pulley disposed on each of the pitch axes 21 22.
  • the timing pulley 22 in the heliostat device may be disposed at an end or a middle portion of the pitch axis 21;
  • the deceleration driving device includes a motor, a speed reduction mechanism, and a synchronous driving wheel 24, and the motor passes
  • the speed reduction mechanism is in driving connection with the synchronous drive wheel 24, and the synchronous drive wheel 24 can be drivingly connected to each of the synchronous pulleys 22 via the synchronous drive belt 23.
  • the synchronous belt 23 in the heliostat device can be a single-sided timing belt, and the transmission side of the single-sided timing belt is connected to the synchronous driving wheel 24 and each timing belt. Wheel 22.
  • the synchronous belt 23 in the heliostat device can also be a double-sided timing belt.
  • the double-sided timing belt alternately bypasses the synchronous driving wheel 24 and each synchronous pulley. 22, and the two transmission sides of the double-sided timing belt alternately drive the synchronous driving wheel 24 and the respective timing pulleys 22.
  • the synchronous belt in the heliostat device may further include a first timing belt 231 and a plurality of second timing belts 232.
  • the first timing belt 231 is connected to the synchronous driving wheel. 24 and at least one timing pulley 22, each of the second timing belts 232 is drivingly connected to two adjacent timing pulleys 22.
  • the timing belt and the timing pulley are replaced by a steel cable 233 and a wire wheel 234.
  • the steel cable 233 is wound around the wire wheel 234 in two directions: “left-handed” and "right-handed”.
  • the wire 233 is tensioned by the tension of the tension member 235, and the wire 233 is fixed to the middle of the wire wheel 234 by the fastener 236.
  • the wire transmission device of the steel cable 233 and the wire wheel 234 is a type of winding transmission device, and the non-ductile steel cable is used as the winding element, and the transmission precision is high, the torque is large, and the structure is simple; the use can be achieved in the invention. High precision non-return drive.
  • the timing belt transmission structure is provided with a timing pulley at each sub-mirror end, and the synchronous belts are connected to each other to achieve the purpose of synchronous transmission.
  • Timing belts are easy to install and adjustable, and most parts can be used with existing standard parts. However, under certain special environmental conditions, the material aging problem of the timing belt cannot be ignored.
  • the timing belt connection method is also various, and the present invention can provide the following three different connection schemes:
  • the first transmission mechanism in the heliostat device may include a flange bearing structure and a deceleration driving device 8 fixedly disposed on the frame bracket 3, and the deceleration driving device 8 passes
  • the flange bearing structure is drivingly coupled to the rolling shaft 11 and drives the rolling shaft 11 to rotate.
  • the flange bearing structure of the heliostat device includes a support plate 81 and a flange 82, and the flange 82 is fixedly disposed on the frame bracket 3 through the support plate 81, and the roller The shaft 11 is axially coupled to the flange 82.
  • the deceleration driving device 8 in the heliostat device comprises a motor, a speed reducing mechanism and a transmission wheel, and the motor is in turn connected to the flange bearing structure through the speed reduction mechanism and the transmission wheel.
  • the drive wheel in the heliostat device can be a timing pulley or a wire wheel.
  • the first transmission mechanism in the heliostat device may also include an articulated structure and a telescopic driving device fixedly disposed on the frame bracket 3, and the rolling shaft 11 is hinged to the hinge structure.
  • the telescopic driving device is connected between the frame 1 and the frame holder 3, and drives the frame 1 to rotate around the rolling shaft 11.
  • the telescopic driving device in the heliostat device may be a hydraulic telescopic cylinder or a ball screw telescopic mechanism.
  • a support plate and a flange are mounted on both sides of the unit frame, and a shaft is welded in the flange, and is fixed to the two brackets by the heavy-duty vertical seat bearing.
  • the timing pulley/steel wheel is connected to the flange end.
  • the rotation of the roller shaft 11 is controlled by the direct connection of the speed reduction mechanism.
  • one side of the frame can be hinged to the bracket, and the other side is connected to the hydraulic rod/ball screw, and the rotation of the roll angle is completed by the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic rod/screw.
  • the planes of all the sub-mirrors 2 in the frame 1 of the heliostat device can be parallel to each other; or as shown in FIG. 5, the following manner can also be used: that is, the frame 1 along the heliostat device
  • the extending direction of the rolling shaft 11 is divided into a plurality of regions, including the region 1, the region 2, and the region 3.
  • the planes of the sub-mirrors 2 in each region are parallel to each other, and there is an angular difference between the planes of the sub-mirrors 2 in different regions.
  • the mirror surface composed of all the sub-mirrors of the heliostat device has a concave shape.
  • the entire frame 1 in the heliostat device can be supported by three curved rails 237.
  • the entire frame 1 of the heliostat device can be centrally supported by a curved guide rail 237, and the frame frame 1 is supported by both frame posts 3 at both ends.
  • the relative positions of the frame rolling shaft and the heat absorbing tower in the present invention are set as follows, and the installation of each heliostat in the mirror field must ensure that the frame rolling axis and the mirror center-heat absorbing tower plane are perpendicular to each other. And the roll axis is horizontal.
  • the heliostat system of the above-described heliostat device of the present invention includes a reflective target object 91 disposed in the mirror field 9 and a plurality of heliostat devices disposed around the reflective target object.
  • the extending direction of the rolling shaft 11 of the frame 1 in each of the heliostat devices 92 is a plane 94 determined by the reflection target object 91 and the center 93 of the corresponding heliostat device 92.
  • Vertically, or the direction of extension of the pitch axis 21 of each of the sub-mirrors 2 in each of the heliostat devices 92 is determined by the reflection target object 91 and the center 93 of the corresponding heliostat device 92.
  • the planes 94 are parallel.
  • the reflective target object 91 in the heliostat system may be an endothermic tower, a secondary reflection system, or other forms of heliostat reflection targets.
  • the sub-mirror 2 in the frame 1 of the present invention sets the angular difference in the sub-area, that is, the sub-mirrors 2 in each region are parallel to each other, and a certain angular difference is set between the sub-mirrors 2 in different regions.
  • the heliostats are generally concavely polyhedral, thereby producing the desired concentrating effect and reducing the loss of light energy on the heat sink.
  • the above-mentioned heliostat device and the corresponding heliostat system are used. Since the plurality of sub-mirrors 2 are integrated into the larger frame 1, the sub-mirrors 2 are mounted in a manner similar to the blinds, and the sub-mirrors 2 The smaller width effectively improves the wind resistance problem, and the uniform driving mechanism of a set of heliostat frames can be realized, which reduces the number of driving mechanisms and eliminates a large number of mechanical hard limits by precise measurement and design. The all-weather continuous operation of the heliostat can be realized, and the reliability is improved, and the maintenance and correction are simpler.
  • the precise synchronous rotation of the plurality of sub-mirrors is realized by the transmission mechanism of the timing belt; the sub-mirror axis with better rigidity and its parallel Arrangement, the problem of the deformation of the shaft of the large-sized sub-mirror is improved; not only that, the invention also effectively solves the shadow between the sub-mirrors by means of the parallel arrangement of the strip-shaped sub-mirrors and the special positional relationship between the rolling shaft and the heat-absorbing tower.

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Description

定日镜装置及相应的定日镜*** 技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能设备领域， 特别涉及太阳光反射和光分布控制设备技术领域， 具体是 指一种定日镜装置及相应的定日镜***。
背景技术
自 1950年原苏联设计建造了世界第 1座塔式太阳能热发电小型试验装置和 1976 年法国 在比利牛斯山建成第 1座电功率达 100 kW的塔式太阳能热发电***之后， 20世纪 80年代以 来， 美国、 意大利、 法国、 西班牙、 日本、 澳大利亚、 德国、 以色列等国相继建立各种不同 类型的实验示范装置和商业化运行装置， 促进了太阳能热发电技术的发展和商业化进程。 世 界现有的太阳能热发电***主要有槽式线聚焦***、 塔式***和碟式*** 3大基本类型。
定日镜是塔式太阳能热发电***中能量转化最初阶段非常重要的设备。 在塔式***中通 常釆用成千上万个定日镜， 通过各自独立控制***连续跟踪太阳辐射能， 并把能量聚焦到塔 顶的吸热器上， 继而以热能的形式加以利用。 因此， 定日镜的设计是塔式太阳能热发电*** 设计的重要环节之一， 是降低发电成本， 实现太阳能热发电商业化的基础。
常用的单立柱式定日镜通常由支架、 传动***、 反光镜及控制***四部分组成。 支架是 整个定日镜的支撑部分， 将各个部件稳定的连接在一起。 反光镜固定在支架上， 通过传动系 统的随时调整， 将太阳入射光反射到吸热塔的吸热器上， 现在绝大部分厂家都釆用超白玻璃 镀银镜。 控制***釆用方位、 俯仰双轴驱动的方式控制定日镜来自动跟踪太阳。
当前， 太阳能塔式热发电的定日镜追日装置已有不同的结构形式， 如中国专利申请 200510039114.8公开了一种定日镜装置， 该装置包括平面镜组、 方位角调整机构、 高度角调 整机构、 定位传感器以及控制电路， 其中横轴和立轴的轴线位于同一平面且垂直相交， 平面 镜组的集合中心位于两轴线的交点， 定位传感器的中心线与两轴线交点和投射目标中心点之 间的连线重合。 这种定日镜装置存在体积偏大， 适合桁架式定日镜托架装置， 而且存在旋转 控制精度不高等缺点， 不适合应用于小型定日镜的追日运动。
中国专利申请 200810007862.1公开了定日镜装置，其装置釆用方位加仰角跟踪方式或自 旋加仰角跟踪方式； 包括平面镜、 尺寸小到可以一次成型的框架、 调整机构、 安装在中心塔 与定日镜装置之间的定位导向管、 定位传感器以及控制***。 这种装置由于釆用一次成型的 小框架， 所以定日镜的尺寸受到限制。 釆用仰角跟踪方式或自旋加仰角跟踪方式使得定日镜 调节角度不能太大， 灵活度不高， 且定日镜活动范围受到限制， 不利定日镜的清洗维护。 中国专利申请 201010150049.7公开了一种太阳能定日镜传动装置， 该装置包括传动箱 体、 传动箱底座， 传动箱体同轴安装在传动箱底座上， 传动箱体通过箱体联接轴和推力轴承 安装在传动箱体底座上，传动箱底座上安装有方位传动体系，在传动箱体上有俯仰传动体系。 该装置竖直旋转运动和水平旋转运动均釆用俯仰锥埚杆和俯仰锥埚轮啮合传动， 要实现高精 度的传动， 装置的加工制造的精度要很高， 难于加工制造。
综上所述， 现有定日镜大部分为单面镜架， 即一个镜架带动一面镜子， 这样往往带来较 大的风抗问题。 为了达到比较高的效率， 单面镜子以及镜架和驱动机构往往较大， 大尺寸的 镜子将产生较大的镜面变形误差， 庞大的驱动机构也使得造价居高不下。 现有定日镜的方位 角 +俯仰角 /高度角的转动方式有较大的机械硬限位， 不利于保护镜子， 也会在实际运行中产 生一定的失控时段。 且每平方米镜子需要的控制、 传动单元会较多， 可靠性较低， 校正与维 护成本较高。 发明内容
本发明的目的是克服了上述现有技术中的缺点， 提供一种能够实现准确跟踪太阳的方位 变化、 将太阳光反射到目标物上、 有效改善风抗问题、 结构简单实用、 可靠性较高、 维护和 校正快捷方便、 工作性能稳定可靠、 适用范围较为广泛的定日镜装置及相应的定日镜***。
为了实现上述的目的， 本发明的定日镜装置及相应的定日镜***具有如下构成： 该定日镜装置， 其主要特点是， 所述的定日镜装置包括一镜框、 数个子镜、 第一传动机 构和第二传动机构， 所述的镜框具有滚转轴， 且该镜框通过所述的滚转轴活动设置于镜框支 架上， 所述的第一传动机构与所述的滚转轴传动连接并控制所述的镜框绕该滚转轴旋转； 所 述的各个子镜均具有俯仰轴， 所述的各个俯仰轴相互平行， 且所述的各个子镜通过对应的俯 仰轴活动设置于镜框中， 所述的第二传动机构与各个俯仰轴传动连接并控制各个子镜绕对应 的俯仰轴相对于所述的镜框同步旋转， 所述的滚转轴与各个俯仰轴均非平行。
该定日镜装置中的滚转轴与各个俯仰轴可以处于同一个平面内， 且该滚转轴与各个俯仰 轴相互垂直或者相互成一定的角度； 或者所述的滚转轴与各个俯仰轴也可以未处于同一个平 面内， 且该滚转轴平行于由各个俯仰轴所构成的虚平面， 该滚转轴在该虚平面上的投影均垂 直于各个俯仰轴， 或者与各个俯仰轴成一定的角度。
该定日镜装置中的滚转轴呈水平方向。 该定日镜装置中的各个子镜相互间隔分离设置。
该定日镜装置中的第二传动机构可以包括设置于所述的各个俯仰轴上的从动曲柄、 减速 驱动设备、 驱动曲柄和连 4干， 所述的驱动曲柄通过所述的连 4干与各个从动曲柄相轴接， 所述 的减速驱动设备与所述的驱动曲柄的驱动端相连接， 且驱动所述的驱动曲柄与各个从动曲柄 同步摆动。
该定日镜装置中的从动曲柄设置于所述的俯仰轴的端部或者中部。
该定日镜装置中的减速驱动设备包括电机、 减速机构和同步带轮， 所述的电机依次通过 减速机构、 同步带轮与所述的驱动曲柄的驱动端相传动连接。
该定日镜装置中的从动曲柄通过角度调整套与对应的俯仰轴相固定连接。
该定日镜装置中的第二传动机构也可以包括设置于所述的各个俯仰轴上的同步带轮、 减 动连接， 且驱动所述的各个同步带轮同步转动。
该定日镜装置中的同步带轮设置于所述的俯仰轴的端部。
该定日镜装置中的减速驱动设备包括电机、 减速机构和同步驱动轮， 所述的电机通过减 速机构与所述的同步驱动轮相传动连接， 所述的同步驱动轮可以通过所述的同步传动带与各 个同步带轮相传动连接。
该定日镜装置中的同步传动带可以为一单面同步带， 所述的单面同步带的传动侧面传动 连接所述的同步驱动轮和各个同步带轮。
该定日镜装置中的同步传动带也可以为一双面同步带， 所述的双面同步带上下交替绕过 所述的同步驱动轮和各个同步带轮， 且该双面同步带的两传动侧面交替传动连接所述的同步 驱动轮和各个同步带轮。
该定日镜装置中的同步传动带还可以包括第一同步带和数个第二同步带， 所述的第一同 步带传动连接所述的同步驱动轮和至少一同步带轮， 所述的各个第二同步带均传动连接相邻 的两个同步带轮。
该定日镜装置中的第一传动机构可以包括固定设置于所述的镜框支架上的法兰轴承结构 和减速驱动设备，所述的减速驱动设备通过所述的法兰轴承结构与所述的滚转轴相驱动连接， 且驱动所述的滚转轴转动。
该定日镜装置中的法兰轴承结构包括支撑板和法兰， 所述的法兰通过所述的支撑板固定 设置于所述的镜框支架上， 所述的滚转轴与所述的法兰相轴接。 该定日镜装置中的减速驱动设备包括电机、 减速机构和传动轮， 所述的电机依次通过所 述的减速机构和传动轮与所述的法兰轴承结构相传动连接。
该定日镜装置中的传动轮为同步带轮或者钢丝轮。
该定日镜装置中的第一传动机构也可以包括固定设置于所述的镜框支架上的铰接结构和 伸缩驱动设备， 所述的滚转轴与所述的铰接结构相铰接， 所述的伸缩驱动设备连接设置于所 述的镜框与镜框支架之间， 且驱动所述的镜框绕所述的滚转轴转动。
该定日镜装置中的伸缩驱动设备为液压伸缩缸或者滚珠丝杆伸缩机构。
该定日镜装置中的镜框中所有的子镜所在平面可以相互平行； 或者也可以镜框沿所述的 滚转轴的延伸方向划分为数个区域， 每个区域中的子镜所在平面相互平行， 不同区域的子镜 所在平面之间存在角度差， 且该定日镜装置的所有子镜组成的镜面整体呈现凹面形。
一种釆用上述装置的定日镜***， 包括设置于镜场中的反射目标物体和围绕该吸热塔所 设置的多个定日镜装置， 其主要特点是， 所述的每个定日镜装置中的镜框的滚转轴的延伸方 向均与所述的反射目标物体和相应的定日镜装置的中心所确定的平面相垂直， 或者所述的每 个定日镜装置中的各个子镜的俯仰轴的延伸方向均与所述的反射目标物体和相应的定日镜装 置的中心所确定的平面相平行。
该定日镜***中的反射目标物体可以为吸热塔、 二次反射***、 或者其他形式的定日镜 反射目标物。
釆用了该发明的定日镜装置及相应的定日镜***， 由于其中将多片子镜集成到较大的镜 框中， 子镜间釆用类似于百叶窗的安装方式， 且子镜宽度较小， 从而有效地改善了风抗问题， 并可以实现一组定日镜框架统一使用驱动机构， 这样既减少了驱动机构数量， 又通过精确测 量与设计省去了大量的机械硬限位， 可以实现定日镜的全天候连续工作， 同时提高了可靠性， 维护和校正更简单； 通过同步带的传动机构实现了多片子镜的精确同步转动； 通过刚性较好 的子镜轴及其平行排布， 改善了大尺寸子镜的转轴变形问题； 不仅如此， 本发明还通过条状 子镜平行排布的方式以及滚转轴与吸热塔的特殊位置关系， 有效地解决了子镜间的阴影 /遮挡 光学效率的问题， 显著降低了单位面积的定日镜制造与维护成本， 并有效提高定日镜的光学 效率， 简化现有定日镜复杂的校正方案， 适用范围较为广泛， 为新能源的进一步发展和推广 应用奠定了坚实的基础。 附图说明 图 1为本发明的定日镜装置的整体结构示意图。
图 2a、 2b为本发明的定日镜装置的第二传动机构的第一种实施方式的局部结构示意图。 图 3a、 3b、 3c为本发明的定日镜装置的第二传动机构的第二种实施方式的结构示意图。 图 3d为本发明的定日镜装置的第二传动机构的第三种实施方式的结构示意图。
图 4为本发明的定日镜装置的第一传动机构的局部结构示意图。
图 5为本发明的定日镜装置中各个子镜的分区域角度差设置示意图。
图 6为本发明的定日镜***中吸热塔与定日镜装置的位置关系示意图。
图 7为本发明的定日镜装置的镜框三弧形导轨支撑结构示意图。
图 8为本发明的定日镜装置的镜框一弧形导轨与两柱支撑结构示意图。 具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的技术内容， 特举以下实施例详细说明。
首先介绍一下本发明中所涉及的专业术语解释：
• 定日镜： 太阳能热发电中使用的反射太阳光的设备
• 子镜： 一个定日镜单元中的一片小镜子
• 滚转角： 整个定日镜单元镜框转动的角度
• 滚转轴： 整个定日镜单元镜框的旋转轴
• 支架： 定日镜单元镜框滚转轴两端到地面间的支撑结构
• 俯仰角： 子镜相对于定日镜镜框转动的角度
• 俯仰轴： 每个子镜的旋转轴
• 角度差： 子镜间预设的固定的俯仰角度差值
本发明所主要针对解决的技术问题主要有以下几点：
①滚转角 /俯仰角转动方式的定日镜光学效率问题；
②大尺寸定日镜的风抗问题；
③定日镜精确安装与校正问题；
④多片子镜的精确同步转动问题；
⑤大尺寸子镜的转轴变形问题。
请参阅图 1所示， 该定日镜装置， 其中包括一镜框 1、 数个子镜 2、 第一传动机构和第二 传动机构， 所述的镜框 1具有滚转轴 11 , 且该镜框 1通过所述的滚转轴 11活动设置于镜框 支架 3上，所述的第一传动机构与所述的滚转轴 11传动连接并控制所述的镜框 1绕该滚转轴 11旋转； 所述的各个子镜 2均具有俯仰轴 21 , 所述的各个俯仰轴 21相互平行， 且所述的各 个子镜 2通过对应的俯仰轴 21活动设置于镜框 1中， 所述的第二传动机构与各个俯仰轴 21 传动连接并控制各个子镜 2绕对应的俯仰轴 21相对于所述的镜框 1同步旋转，为实现双轴追 日， 定日镜的双轴是不可能出现平行情况， 所述的滚转轴 11与各个俯仰轴 21均非平行。
其中， 所述的滚转轴 11与各个俯仰轴 21可以处于同一个平面内， 且该滚转轴 11与各个 俯仰轴 21相互垂直或者相互成一定的角度；或者所述的滚转轴 11与各个俯仰轴 21也可以未 处于同一个平面内， 且该滚转轴 11平行于由各个俯仰轴 21所构成的虚平面， 该滚转轴 11在 该虚平面上的投影均垂直于各个俯仰轴 21 , 或者与各个俯仰轴 21成一定的角度。
其中， 该定日镜装置中的滚转轴 11呈水平方向， 且所述的各个子镜 2通常情况下相互间 隔分离设置， 当然在不影响子镜 2相对于俯仰轴 21 自由转动的情况下， 所述的各个子镜 2可 以相互重叠设置。
同时， 请参阅图 2a和 2b所示， 作为本发明的第一种实施方式， 该定日镜装置中的第二 传动机构可以包括减速驱动设备 5、 驱动曲柄 6、 连杆 7和设置于所述的各个俯仰轴 21上的 从动曲柄 4, 所述的驱动曲柄 6通过所述的连杆 7与各个从动曲柄 4相轴接， 所述的减速驱 动设备 5与所述的驱动曲柄 6的驱动端相连接， 且驱动所述的驱动曲柄 6与各个从动曲柄 4 同步摆动。
请参阅图 2a所示， 该定日镜装置中的从动曲柄 4可以设置于所述的俯仰轴 21的端部， 再请参阅图 2b所示， 该定日镜装置中的从动曲柄 4也可以设置于所述的俯仰轴 21的中部， 其中， 该定日镜装置中的从动曲柄 4通过角度调整套 41与对应的俯仰轴 21相固定连接。
同时， 该定日镜装置中的减速驱动设备 5包括电机、 减速机构和同步带轮， 所述的电机 依次通过减速机构、 同步带轮与所述的驱动曲柄 6的驱动端相传动连接。
在实际使用当中， 作为本发明所釆用的曲柄传动方案， 在镜轴一端 （或中央）安装一驱 动曲柄， 在减速机构输出轴端安装同步带轮， 通过同步带传动到驱动曲柄上， 通过一个连杆 连接所有从动曲柄和驱动曲柄。通过连杆及曲柄传动达到同时同步控制所有子镜运动的目的。 显然， 可以不需要同步带轮和同步带， 减速机构输出轴端可以直接通过驱动曲柄连接连杆。
该传动结构的优势在于可以做到子镜俯仰角方向 360。的转动， 且安装较为方便。
同时， 为了解决调整问题， 可以在各俯仰轴轴端安装一角度调整套 41 , 以方便调节各俯 仰轴和镜面之间的相对角度。 同时大大降低了加工难度。 再请参阅图 3a、 3b和 3c所示， 作为本发明的第二种实施方式， 该定日镜装置中的第二 传动机构也可以包括设置于所述的各个俯仰轴 21上的同步带轮 22、 减速驱动设备和同步传 动带 23 , 所述的减速驱动设备通过所述的同步传动带 23与各个同步带轮 22相传动连接， 且 驱动所述的各个同步带轮 22同步转动。
其中， 该定日镜装置中的同步带轮 22可以设置于所述的俯仰轴 21的端部或者中部； 所 述的减速驱动设备包括电机、 减速机构和同步驱动轮 24, 所述的电机通过减速机构与所述的 同步驱动轮 24相传动连接，所述的同步驱动轮 24可以通过所述的同步传动带 23与各个同步 带轮 22相传动连接。
请参阅图 3a所示， 其中， 该定日镜装置中的同步传动带 23可以为一单面同步带， 所述 的单面同步带的传动侧面传动连接所述的同步驱动轮 24和各个同步带轮 22。
再请参阅图 3b所示， 该定日镜装置中的同步传动带 23也可以为一双面同步带， 所述的 双面同步带上下交替绕过所述的同步驱动轮 24和各个同步带轮 22, 且该双面同步带的两传 动侧面交替传动连接所述的同步驱动轮 24和各个同步带轮 22。
再请参阅图 3c所示，该定日镜装置中的同步传动带还可以包括第一同步带 231和数个第 二同步带 232 , 所述的第一同步带 231传动连接所述的同步驱动轮 24和至少一同步带轮 22 , 所述的各个第二同步带 232均传动连接相邻的两个同步带轮 22。
再请参阅图 3d所示，定日镜传动装置中用钢缆 233和钢丝轮 234代替同步带和同步带轮， 钢缆 233按 "左旋"， "右旋" 两个方向绕于钢丝轮 234上， 利用张力元件 235的张力将钢缆 233张紧， 并用紧固件 236将钢缆 233固定于钢丝轮 234的中间。
上述钢缆 233和钢丝轮 234的钢丝传动装置为绕性传动装置的一类， 使用无延展性钢缆 作为绕性元件， 传递精度高， 力矩大， 结构简单； 在本发明中使用可以做到高精度无回差传 动。
在实际使用当中， 作为本发明的同步带传动方案， 其中的同步带传动结构在每个子镜轴 端安装一同步带轮， 通过同步带连接彼此达到同步传动的目的。 同步带安装简便， 可调节性 好， 大部分零件均可使用现有的标准件。 但在某些特殊的环境条件下， 同步带的材料老化问 题则不容忽视。
由于同步带传动的特殊性， 同步带连接方式也较为多样， 本发明可以提供以下 3种不同 的连接方案：
• 每 2个带轮间连接一同步带 • 由一条单面同步带连接多个带轮
• 由一条双面同步带连接多个带轮（上下绕过各个带轮）
再请参阅图 4所示， 该定日镜装置中的第一传动机构可以包括固定设置于所述的镜框支 架 3上的法兰轴承结构和减速驱动设备 8 , 所述的减速驱动设备 8通过所述的法兰轴承结构 与所述的滚转轴 11相驱动连接， 且驱动所述的滚转轴 11转动。
其中， 该定日镜装置中的法兰轴承结构包括支撑板 81和法兰 82 , 所述的法兰 82通过所 述的支撑板 81固定设置于所述的镜框支架 3上， 所述的滚转轴 11与所述的法兰 82相轴接。
同时， 该定日镜装置中的减速驱动设备 8包括电机、 减速机构和传动轮， 所述的电机依 次通过所述的减速机构和传动轮与所述的法兰轴承结构相传动连接。
该定日镜装置中的传动轮可以为同步带轮或者钢丝轮。
不仅如此， 该定日镜装置中的第一传动机构也可以包括固定设置于所述的镜框支架 3上 的铰接结构和伸缩驱动设备， 所述的滚转轴 11与所述的铰接结构相铰接， 所述的伸缩驱动设 备连接设置于所述的镜框 1与镜框支架 3之间，且驱动所述的镜框 1绕所述的滚转轴 11转动。
其中， 该定日镜装置中的伸缩驱动设备可以为液压伸缩缸或者滚珠丝杆伸缩机构。
在实际使用当中， 作为本发明的轴承机械传动方案， 其在单元镜框两侧安装支撑板与法 兰， 法兰中焊接一轴， 通过重载立式座轴承固定在 2个支架上。 同时， 在法兰轴端连接同步 带轮 /钢丝轮。 通过减速机构输出直连来控制滚转轴 11转动。
作为本发明的液压杆 /滚珠丝杠传动方案， 则可以将镜框的一边与支架铰接， 另一侧连接 液压杆 /滚珠丝杠， 通过液压杆 /丝杠的伸缩来完成滚转角的转动。
其中， 该定日镜装置中的镜框 1中所有的子镜 2所在平面可以相互平行； 或者再请参阅 图 5所示， 也可以釆用以下方式： 即该定日镜装置中的镜框 1沿所述的滚转轴 11的延伸方向 划分为数个区域， 包括区域 1、 区域 2和区域 3 , 每个区域中的子镜 2所在平面相互平行， 不 同区域的子镜 2所在平面之间存在角度差， 且该定日镜装置的所有子镜组成的镜面整体呈现 凹面形。
请再参阅图 7, 该定日镜装置中的整个镜框 1可由三个弧形导轨 237进行支撑。
请在参阅图 8 , 该定日镜装置中的整个镜框 1可由一个弧形导轨 237作中央支撑， 再由 两镜框支柱 3对镜框 1做两端支撑。
在实际使用当中， 本发明中的镜框滚转轴与吸热塔的相对位置如下进行设置， 每个定日 镜在镜场中的安装必须保证镜框滚转轴与镜中心-吸热塔平面相互垂直， 且滚转轴水平。 再请 参阅图 6所示， 本发明中的釆用上述定日镜装置的定日镜***， 包括设置于镜场 9中的反射 目标物体 91和围绕该反射目标物体所设置的多个定日镜装置 92, 其中， 所述的每个定日镜 装置 92中的镜框 1的滚转轴 11的延伸方向均与所述的反射目标物体 91和相应的定日镜装置 92的中心 93所确定的平面 94相垂直， 或者所述的每个定日镜装置 92中的各个子镜 2的俯 仰轴 21的延伸方向均与所述的反射目标物体 91和相应的定日镜装置 92的中心 93所确定的 平面 94相平行。
同时， 该定日镜***中的反射目标物体 91可以为吸热塔、 二次反射***、 或者其他形式 的定日镜反射目标物。
在实际使用当中， 本发明中的镜框 1 内的子镜 2分区域设定角差， 即每个区域中的子镜 2相互平行， 不同区域的子镜 2之间设定一定的角差， 使定日镜整体呈现凹多面体形， 从而 产生所需的聚光效果， 减小光能在吸热器上的溢出损失。
釆用了上述的定日镜装置及相应的定日镜***， 由于其中将多片子镜 2集成到较大的镜 框 1中， 子镜 2间釆用类似于百叶窗的安装方式， 且子镜 2宽度较小， 从而有效地改善了风 抗问题， 并可以实现一组定日镜框架统一使用驱动机构， 这样既减少了驱动机构数量， 又通 过精确测量与设计省去了大量的机械硬限位， 可以实现定日镜的全天候连续工作， 同时提高 了可靠性， 维护和校正更简单； 通过同步带的传动机构实现了多片子镜的精确同步转动； 通 过刚性较好的子镜轴及其平行排布， 改善了大尺寸子镜的转轴变形问题； 不仅如此， 本发明 还通过条状子镜平行排布的方式以及滚转轴与吸热塔的特殊位置关系， 有效地解决了子镜间 的阴影 /遮挡光学效率的问题， 显著降低了单位面积的定日镜制造与维护成本， 并有效提高定 日镜的光学效率， 简化现有定日镜复杂的校正方案， 适用范围较为广泛， 为新能源的进一步 发展和推广应用奠定了坚实的基础。
在此说明书中， 本发明已参照其特定的实施例作了描述。 但是， 很显然仍可以作出各种 修改和变换而不背离本发明的精神和范围。 因此， 说明书和附图应被认为是说明性的而非限 制性的。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的定日镜装置包括一镜框、 数个子镜、 第一传动 机构和第二传动机构， 所述的镜框具有滚转轴， 且该镜框通过所述的滚转轴活动设置于镜框 支架上， 所述的第一传动机构与所述的滚转轴传动连接并控制所述的镜框绕该滚转轴旋转； 所述的各个子镜均具有俯仰轴， 所述的各个俯仰轴相互平行， 且所述的各个子镜通过对应的 俯仰轴活动设置于镜框中， 所述的第二传动机构与各个俯仰轴传动连接并控制各个子镜绕对 应的俯仰轴相对于所述的镜框同步旋转， 所述的滚转轴与各个俯仰轴均非平行。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的滚转轴与各个俯仰轴处于同 一个平面内， 且该滚转轴与各个俯仰轴相互垂直或者相互成一定的角度； 或者所述的滚转轴 与各个俯仰轴未处于同一个平面内， 且该滚转轴平行于由各个俯仰轴所构成的虚平面， 该滚 转轴在该虚平面上的投影均垂直于各个俯仰轴， 或者与各个俯仰轴成一定的角度。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的滚转轴呈水平方向。
4、根据权利要求 1所述的定日镜装置，其特征在于，所述的各个子镜相互间隔分离设置。
5、根据权利要求 1至 4中任一项所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的第二传动机构 包括减速驱动设备、 驱动曲柄、 连杆和设置于所述的各个俯仰轴上的从动曲柄， 所述的驱动 曲柄通过所述的连杆与各个从动曲柄相轴接， 所述的减速驱动设备与所述的驱动曲柄的驱动 端相连接， 且驱动所述的驱动曲柄与各个从动曲柄同步摆动。
6、根据权利要求 5所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的从动曲柄设置于所述的俯仰 轴的端部或者中部。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的减速驱动设备包括电机、 减 速机构和同步带轮， 所述的电机依次通过减速机构、 同步带轮与所述的驱动曲柄的驱动端相 传动连接。
8、根据权利要求 5所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的从动曲柄通过角度调整套与 对应的俯仰轴相固定连接。
9、根据权利要求 1至 4中任一项所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的第二传动机构 包括设置于所述的各个俯仰轴上的同步带轮、 减速驱动设备和同步传动带， 所述的减速驱动 设备通过所述的同步传动带与各个同步带轮相传动连接， 且驱动所述的各个同步带轮同步转 动。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的同步带轮设置于所述的俯 仰轴的端部。
11、 根据权利要求 9所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的减速驱动设备包括电机、 减速机构和同步驱动轮， 所述的电机通过减速机构与所述的同步驱动轮相传动连接， 所述的 同步驱动轮通过所述的同步传动带与各个同步带轮相传动连接。
12、根据权利要求 11所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的同步传动带为一单面同步 带， 所述的单面同步带的传动侧面传动连接所述的同步驱动轮和各个同步带轮。
13、根据权利要求 11所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的同步传动带为一双面同步 带， 所述的双面同步带上下交替绕过所述的同步驱动轮和各个同步带轮， 且该双面同步带的 两传动侧面交替传动连接所述的同步驱动轮和各个同步带轮。
14、 根据权利要求 9所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的同步传动带包括第一同步 带和数个第二同步带， 所述的第一同步带传动连接所述的同步驱动轮和至少一同步带轮， 所 述的各个第二同步带均传动连接相邻的两个同步带轮。
15、 根据权利要求 1至 4中任一项所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的第一传动机 构包括固定设置于所述的镜框支架上的法兰轴承结构和减速驱动设备， 所述的减速驱动设备 通过所述的法兰轴承结构与所述的滚转轴相驱动连接， 且驱动所述的滚转轴转动。
16、根据权利要求 15所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的法兰轴承结构包括支撑板 和法兰， 所述的法兰通过所述的支撑板固定设置于所述的镜框支架上， 所述的滚转轴与所述 的法兰相轴接。
17、 根据权利要求 15所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的减速驱动设备包括电机、 减速机构和传动轮， 所述的电机依次通过所述的减速机构和传动轮与所述的法兰轴承结构相 传动连接。
18、根据权利要求 17所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的传动轮为同步带轮或者钢 丝轮。
19、 根据权利要求 1至 4中任一项所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的第一传动机 构包括固定设置于所述的镜框支架上的铰接结构和伸缩驱动设备， 所述的滚转轴与所述的铰 接结构相铰接， 所述的伸缩驱动设备连接设置于所述的镜框与镜框支架之间， 且驱动所述的 镜框绕所述的滚转轴转动。
20、根据权利要求 19所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的伸缩驱动设备为液压伸缩 缸或者滚珠丝杆伸缩机构。
21、 根据权利要求 1至 4中任一项所述的定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的镜框中所有 的子镜所在平面相互平行； 或者所述的镜框沿所述的滚转轴的延伸方向划分为数个区域， 每 个区域中的子镜所在平面相互平行， 不同区域的子镜所在平面之间存在角度差， 且该定日镜 装置的所有子镜组成的镜面整体呈现凹面形。
22、 一种釆用权利要求 1所述的装置的定日镜***， 包括设置于镜场中的反射目标物体 和围绕该反射目标物体所设置的多个定日镜装置， 其特征在于， 所述的每个定日镜装置中的 镜框的滚转轴的延伸方向均与所述的反射目标物体和相应的定日镜装置的中心所确定的平面 相垂直， 或者所述的每个定日镜装置中的各个子镜的俯仰轴的延伸方向均与所述的反射目标 物体和相应的定日镜装置的中心所确定的平面相平行。
23、 根据权利要求 22所述的定日镜***， 其特征在于， 所述的反射目标物体为吸热塔、 二次反射***、 或者其他形式的定日镜反射目标物。
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CN104699113A (zh) * 2015-02-10 2015-06-10 浙江中控太阳能技术有限公司 一种用于塔式太阳能热发电的定日镜及其仰角驱动装置
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