WO2012117552A1 - 触媒劣化判定システム - Google Patents
触媒劣化判定システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012117552A1 WO2012117552A1 PCT/JP2011/054918 JP2011054918W WO2012117552A1 WO 2012117552 A1 WO2012117552 A1 WO 2012117552A1 JP 2011054918 W JP2011054918 W JP 2011054918W WO 2012117552 A1 WO2012117552 A1 WO 2012117552A1
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- nox
- catalyst
- fuel ratio
- reducing agent
- air
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/10—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using catalysis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/02—Catalytic activity of catalytic converters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/03—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems of sorbing activity of adsorbents or absorbents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/021—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting ammonia NH3
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
- F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1616—NH3-slip from catalyst
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1621—Catalyst conversion efficiency
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D2041/1468—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an ammonia content or concentration of the exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a catalyst deterioration determination system.
- NOx catalyst When the reduction control of NOx stored in the NOx storage reduction catalyst (hereinafter also simply referred to as NOx catalyst) is executed, and then the estimated value of the NOx storage amount in the NOx catalyst reaches the reference value, A technique for determining that the NOx catalyst is deteriorated when the NOx concentration detected by the NOx sensor downstream of the NOx catalyst is equal to or higher than a predetermined concentration is known (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technique that can quickly and accurately determine the deterioration of the NOx storage reduction catalyst.
- the catalyst deterioration determination system is: In a catalyst deterioration determination system for determining deterioration of an NOx storage reduction catalyst that is provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine and stores NOx and reduces the stored NOx by supplying a reducing agent, A supply device for changing the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas passing through the NOx storage reduction catalyst by supplying a reducing agent to the NOx storage reduction catalyst; An NH 3 detector for detecting NH 3 in the exhaust downstream of the NOx storage reduction catalyst; A control device that adjusts the amount of the reducing agent so that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas becomes a rich air-fuel ratio when the reducing agent is supplied from the supply device; When NOx is stored in the NOx storage reduction catalyst, the control device supplies the reducing agent from the supply device while adjusting the amount of reducing agent so that the exhaust air-fuel ratio becomes a rich air-fuel ratio. A determination device that determines that the NOx storage reduction catalyst is deteriorated when NOx is stored in the NOx storage reduction catalyst is
- the NOx storage reduction catalyst stores NOx when the air-fuel ratio is lean, and reduces the stored NOx when a reducing agent is present.
- the supply device can supply the reducing agent to the NOx storage reduction catalyst.
- the reducing agent may be supplied into the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage or may be discharged from the internal combustion engine. Then, by supplying the reducing agent, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust is lowered.
- H 2 or HC may react with NO to generate NH 3 .
- the reduction efficiency of the NOx storage reduction catalyst decreases. That is, the amount of NOx stored is reduced, and the amount of NOx desorbed from the NOx storage reduction catalyst when the air-fuel ratio is rich is also reduced. For this reason, the amount of NH 3 produced is also reduced. Therefore, the detection value of the NH 3 detection device when the reducing agent is supplied with the rich air-fuel ratio as a target becomes small according to the degree of deterioration of the storage reduction type NOx catalyst.
- the deterioration determination can be performed within a predetermined time immediately after the supply of the reducing agent is started.
- the predetermined time here can be a time during which NH 3 is generated by supplying the reducing agent.
- the detection value of the NH 3 detection device when the storage reduction type NOx catalyst is at the boundary of whether or not it is deteriorated is set as a threshold value, the detection value of the NH 3 detection device is equal to or less than the threshold value. It can be determined that the NOx storage reduction catalyst has deteriorated.
- the determination accuracy can be increased by performing the deterioration determination when NH 3 is generated.
- the deterioration determination can be performed immediately after the supply of the reducing agent, it is possible to quickly determine the deterioration.
- the predetermined time may be 10 seconds. That is, since NH 3 is generated after 10 seconds have elapsed since the start of the supply of the reducing agent, it is possible to determine the deterioration of the NOx storage reduction catalyst. And since degradation determination can be performed in a short period of 10 seconds, rapid degradation determination is possible.
- the determination device can determine that the NOx storage reduction catalyst is deteriorated when the maximum value of the detection value of the NH 3 detection device is equal to or less than a threshold value.
- the threshold value is set as a value at which the maximum value of the detected value of the NH 3 detector becomes unacceptable. That is, the threshold value can be the upper limit value of the maximum value of the detection value of the NH 3 detection device when the NOx storage reduction catalyst is deteriorated. Then, it is possible to determine whether or not the NOx storage reduction catalyst is deteriorated by comparing the maximum value of the detection value of the NH 3 detection device with a threshold value.
- the deterioration determination can be easily and accurately performed by performing the deterioration determination using the maximum value of the detection value of the NH 3 detection device that is correlated with the degree of deterioration of the NOx storage reduction catalyst.
- the determination device can determine that the NOx storage reduction catalyst has deteriorated when the integrated value of the detection values of the NH 3 detection device is equal to or less than a threshold value.
- the maximum value of the detected value of the NH 3 detection device decreases in accordance with the degree of the integrated value of the detected value deterioration of the NOx storage reduction catalyst of the NH 3 detection device.
- the integrated value is obtained, for example, by adding the detection value of the NH 3 detection device every predetermined time.
- a threshold value is set as a value at which the integrated value of the detected values of the NH 3 detector becomes unacceptable. Then, it is possible to determine whether or not the NOx storage reduction catalyst is deteriorated by comparing the integrated value of the detection values of the NH 3 detection device with a threshold value.
- the threshold value can be the upper limit value of the integrated value of the detection values of the NH 3 detection device when the NOx storage reduction catalyst is deteriorated.
- the deterioration determination can be easily and accurately performed by performing the deterioration determination using the integrated value of the detection values of the NH 3 detection device correlated with the deterioration degree of the NOx storage reduction catalyst.
- control device can adjust the amount of the reducing agent so that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is a rich air-fuel ratio and the air-fuel ratio at which the amount of NH 3 generated is maximized.
- the NH 3 detector may be a NOx sensor that detects NOx and NH 3 in the exhaust gas.
- the NOx sensor detects NH 3 as well as NOx. For this reason, it cannot be determined whether the detected value of the NOx sensor is, for example, the concentration of NO 2 or the concentration of NH 3 . However, if the reducing agent is supplied until the air-fuel ratio becomes rich, the exhaust gas downstream of the NOx storage reduction catalyst hardly contains NOx. For this reason, the detected value of the NOx sensor indicates the concentration of NH 3 . Therefore, NH 3 can be detected using a NOx sensor.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the air-fuel ratio at the time of supplying a reducing agent and the NH 3 concentration downstream of the NOx catalyst. It is the flowchart which showed the flow of the deterioration judgment of the NOx catalyst.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an internal combustion engine and its exhaust system according to the present embodiment.
- the internal combustion engine 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a water-cooled four-cycle diesel engine having four cylinders.
- the exhaust passage 2 is connected to the internal combustion engine 1.
- An occlusion reduction type NOx catalyst 4 (hereinafter referred to as NOx catalyst 4) is provided in the middle of the exhaust passage 2.
- the NOx catalyst 4 is constituted by, for example, using alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) as a carrier, and carrying, for example, barium (Ba) and platinum (Pt) on the carrier.
- alumina Al 2 O 3
- Pt platinum
- This NOx catalyst 4 stores NOx in the exhaust when the oxygen concentration of the inflowing exhaust gas is high, and reduces the stored NOx when the oxygen concentration of the inflowing exhaust gas decreases and a reducing agent is present.
- an injection valve 5 for injecting a reducing agent into the exhaust is attached to the exhaust passage 2 upstream of the NOx catalyst 4.
- the injection valve 5 is opened by a signal from the ECU 10 described later, and injects the reducing agent into the exhaust.
- the fuel (light oil) of the internal combustion engine 1 is used as the reducing agent, but the reducing agent is not limited thereto.
- the fuel injected from the injection valve 5 into the exhaust passage 2 lowers the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust flowing from the upstream of the exhaust passage 2.
- so-called rich spike control is performed in which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx catalyst 4 is decreased in a relatively short cycle by injecting fuel from the injection valve 5.
- the amount of reducing agent injected from the injection valve 5 is determined based on, for example, the operating state of the internal combustion engine 1 (engine speed and fuel injection amount). The relationship among the amount of reducing agent, engine speed, and engine load can be mapped in advance.
- an air-fuel ratio sensor may be attached to the exhaust passage 2 and the amount of reducing agent may be feedback controlled so that the air-fuel ratio detected by the air-fuel ratio sensor becomes a target value.
- the injection valve 5 corresponds to the supply device in the present invention.
- the reducing agent can also be supplied by discharging unburned fuel from the internal combustion engine 1. That is, an in-cylinder injection valve for injecting fuel into the cylinder is provided, and sub-injection (post-injection) for injecting fuel again during the expansion stroke or exhaust stroke after performing main injection from the in-cylinder injection valve is performed. Alternatively, by delaying the fuel injection timing from the in-cylinder injection valve, the gas containing a large amount of reducing agent can be discharged from the internal combustion engine 1.
- An upstream NOx sensor 7 for measuring the NOx concentration in the exhaust is attached to the exhaust passage 2 upstream of the injection valve 5.
- a downstream NOx sensor 8 that measures the NOx concentration in the exhaust and a temperature sensor 9 that measures the temperature of the exhaust are attached to the exhaust passage 2 downstream of the NOx catalyst 4.
- the downstream NOx sensor 8 corresponds to the NH 3 detector or the NOx sensor in the present invention.
- the internal combustion engine 1 configured as described above is provided with an ECU 10 that is an electronic control unit for controlling the internal combustion engine 1.
- the ECU 10 controls the operation state of the internal combustion engine 1 according to the operation conditions of the internal combustion engine 1 and the request of the driver.
- the ECU 10 outputs an electric signal corresponding to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal 11 by the driver to detect the engine load, and an accelerator position sensor 12 for detecting the engine speed. 13 are connected via electric wiring, and the output signals of these various sensors are input to the ECU 10.
- the injection valve 5 is connected to the ECU 10 via electric wiring, and the ECU 10 controls the opening and closing timing of the injection valve 5.
- the ECU 10 that adjusts the amount of reduction supplied from the injection valve 5 corresponds to the control device in the present invention.
- the ECU 10 injects the reducing agent from the injection valve 5 within a range where the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas becomes rich, and at this time, the deterioration determination of the NOx catalyst 4 based on the NH 3 concentration detected by the downstream NOx sensor 8. I do.
- NOx and NH 3 are detected as NOx by the downstream NOx sensor 8. For this reason, it is difficult to determine whether NH 3 has been detected by the downstream NOx sensor 8 or whether NOx has been detected.
- the exhaust gas flowing out from the NOx catalyst 4 hardly contains NOx. Therefore, what is detected by the downstream side NOx sensor 8 at this time is NH 3 .
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the NOx occlusion action in the NOx catalyst 4.
- FIG. 3 is a view for explaining the NOx reduction action in the NOx catalyst 4.
- the NOx catalyst 4 oxidizes NO with O 2 on Pt when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean, and stores it as Ba (NO 3 ) 2 in Ba.
- Ba (NO 3 ) 2 is released as NO 2 and further reduced to N 2 on Pt.
- NO and H 2 react to generate NH 3 and H 2 O.
- HC and NO react to generate NH 3 , H 2 O, and CO 2 .
- the NH 3 generated in this manner is detected as NOx because it reacts with H 2 or O 2 in the downstream NOx sensor 8 and becomes NO. That is, NH 3 is detected by the downstream NOx sensor 8.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the exhaust air-fuel ratio and the NH 3 concentration downstream of the NOx catalyst 4 during rich spike control according to this embodiment.
- the solid line indicates the case where the NOx catalyst 4 is normal, and the alternate long and short dash line indicates the case where the NOx catalyst 4 is deteriorated.
- the air-fuel ratio is lean, and after the reducing agent is supplied, the air-fuel ratio is rich.
- the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas can be adjusted by adjusting the injection period of the reducing agent.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the air-fuel ratio when the reducing agent is supplied and the NH 3 concentration downstream of the NOx catalyst 4.
- New catalyst indicates the NOx catalyst 4 just installed in the vehicle. This is a state in which the travel distance of the vehicle is 0 to several kilometers and there is almost no deterioration of Pt.
- Normal catalyst indicates the NOx catalyst 4 in which Pt has deteriorated but the degree of deterioration is within an allowable range.
- “Deteriorated catalyst” indicates the NOx catalyst 4 whose degree of deterioration exceeds an allowable range.
- the air / fuel ratio at which the difference in NH 3 concentration between the “normal catalyst” and the “deteriorated catalyst” becomes the largest may be targeted.
- the amount of NH 3 produced in the NOx catalyst 4 is affected by the amount of NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 4 and the air-fuel ratio. That is, there is an optimal NOx occlusion amount and air-fuel ratio for the production of NH 3 . If the deterioration of the NOx catalyst 4 is determined based on the optimum storage amount of NOx for the generation of NH 3 and the NH 3 concentration at the air-fuel ratio, the determination accuracy can be improved.
- the normal rich spike control may be performed to reduce the NOx occluded in the NOx catalyst 4 before determining the deterioration of the NOx catalyst 4. As a result, the amount of NOx flowing out from the NOx catalyst 4 when determining the deterioration of the NOx catalyst 4 can be reduced.
- the deterioration of the NOx catalyst 4 can be determined based on the detection value of the downstream NOx sensor 8 when the valve opening time of the injection valve 5 is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas becomes rich. For example, if the maximum detected value of the downstream NOx sensor 8 within a predetermined period after the start of the supply of the reducing agent is equal to or less than the threshold value, it is determined that the NOx catalyst 4 has deteriorated. Further, if the integrated value of the detected values of the downstream NOx sensor 8 in a predetermined period after the start of the supply of the reducing agent is equal to or less than the threshold value, it may be determined that the NOx catalyst 4 has deteriorated.
- the NOx catalyst 4 When the NOx catalyst 4 is new, that is, when the vehicle travel distance is from 0 to several kilometers, there is no deterioration of Pt. Therefore, even if the reducing agent is supplied so as to achieve a rich air-fuel ratio, NO is H. It reacts actively with 2 or HC and is reduced to N 2 . For this reason, since the detection value of the downstream side NOx sensor 8 becomes small, it becomes difficult to distinguish from the case where the NOx catalyst 4 is deteriorated. On the other hand, for example, when the NOx catalyst 4 is new, the reducing agent supply time at the time of determining the deterioration of the NOx catalyst 4 is made longer than in other cases.
- the reducing agent supply time at the time of determining the deterioration of the NOx catalyst 4 may be made longer than when the vehicle exceeds the predetermined value.
- This predetermined value is the upper limit value of the travel distance at which the NOx catalyst 4 is new. That is, after the NO reacts with H 2 or HC and is reduced to N 2 , a reducing agent is further supplied. As a result, NO reacts with H 2 or HC to generate NH 3 . Thereby, even if the NOx catalyst 4 is new, NH 3 is detected by the downstream NOx sensor 8, so that the deterioration determination of the NOx catalyst 4 can be performed accurately.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a flow for determining the deterioration of the NOx catalyst 4. This routine is executed every predetermined period.
- step S101 it is determined whether or not a precondition for determining deterioration of the NOx catalyst 4 is satisfied. For example, it is determined that the precondition is satisfied when the downstream NOx sensor 8 is normal and the temperature of the NOx catalyst 4 is a temperature suitable for NOx reduction. Whether the downstream NOx sensor 8 is normal can be determined by a known technique.
- the temperature suitable for NOx reduction is, for example, the temperature at which the NOx catalyst 4 is activated.
- the temperature of the NOx catalyst 4 is detected by a temperature sensor 9.
- step S101 If an affirmative determination is made in step S101, the process proceeds to step S102, and if a negative determination is made, this routine is terminated.
- the rich spike execution condition is a condition for performing rich spike control for determining deterioration of the NOx catalyst 4. For example, it is determined that the rich spike execution condition is satisfied when a predetermined amount or more of NOx is stored in the NOx catalyst 4.
- the amount of NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 4 is calculated based on the NOx concentration detected by the upstream NOx sensor 7.
- the predetermined amount is obtained in advance by experiments or the like as a value at which NH 3 is generated so that deterioration can be determined when a reducing agent is supplied. That is, if NOx is not occluded in the NOx catalyst 4, NH 3 is not generated even if the NOx catalyst 4 is normal. Since this makes it difficult to determine deterioration, it is a condition that a predetermined amount or more of NOx is occluded in the NOx catalyst 4.
- step S102 If an affirmative determination is made in step S102, the process proceeds to step S103, and if a negative determination is made, this routine is terminated.
- step S103 rich spike control for determining deterioration of the NOx catalyst 4 is performed. That is, rich spike control is performed within a richer range than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.
- the amount of reducing agent may be adjusted so that the air-fuel ratio is in the vicinity of the maximum NH 3 concentration.
- the time for performing the rich spike control may be made longer than when the predetermined distance is exceeded. That is, when the NOx catalyst 4 can be said to be new, rich spike control may be performed until NH 3 is generated.
- step S104 it is determined whether or not the maximum detected value of the downstream NOx sensor 8 is equal to or less than a threshold value.
- This threshold value is a detection value that is a boundary for determining whether or not the NOx catalyst 4 is deteriorated, and is set in advance. This maximum value is the maximum value within 10 seconds after the rich spike control is started.
- This integrated value may be an integrated value during which NH 3 is detected by the downstream NOx sensor 8 by rich spike control, or may be an integrated value during the rich spike control being performed. It may be an integrated value. The integrated value is obtained, for example, by sequentially adding the detection values of the downstream NOx sensor 8 read at a predetermined period.
- step S104 If an affirmative determination is made in step S104, the process proceeds to step S105, where it is determined that the NOx catalyst 4 has deteriorated. On the other hand, if a negative determination is made in step S104, the process proceeds to step S106, where it is determined that the NOx catalyst 4 is normal.
- the ECU 10 that processes steps S103 to S106 corresponds to the determination device according to the present invention.
- the degree of deterioration of the NOx catalyst 4 is higher as the maximum value of the detected value of the downstream side NOx sensor 8 when the rich spike control is performed within the richer range than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio is smaller. May be determined. Similarly, it may be determined that the degree of deterioration of the NOx catalyst 4 is higher as the integrated value of the detected values of the downstream NOx sensor 8 is smaller.
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Abstract
Description
内燃機関の排気通路に設けられてNOxを吸蔵し、吸蔵していたNOxを還元剤の供給により還元する吸蔵還元型NOx触媒の劣化を判定する触媒劣化判定システムにおいて、
前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒へ還元剤を供給することで該吸蔵還元型NOx触媒を通過する排気の空燃比を変化させる供給装置と、
前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒よりも下流の排気中のNH3を検出するNH3検出装置と、
前記供給装置から還元剤を供給するときに排気の空燃比がリッチ空燃比となるように還元剤量を調節する制御装置と、
前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒にNOxが吸蔵されているときであって、前記制御装置により排気の空燃比がリッチ空燃比となるように還元剤量を調節しつつ前記供給装置から還元剤の供給を開始した直後の所定時間内において、前記NH3検出装置の検出値が閾値以下となるときに前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒が劣化していると判定する判定装置と、
を備える。
2 排気通路
4 吸蔵還元型NOx触媒
5 噴射弁
7 上流側NOxセンサ
8 下流側NOxセンサ
9 温度センサ
10 ECU
11 アクセルペダル
12 アクセル開度センサ
13 クランクポジションセンサ
Claims (6)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に設けられてNOxを吸蔵し、吸蔵していたNOxを還元剤の供給により還元する吸蔵還元型NOx触媒の劣化を判定する触媒劣化判定システムにおいて、
前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒へ還元剤を供給することで該吸蔵還元型NOx触媒を通過する排気の空燃比を変化させる供給装置と、
前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒よりも下流の排気中のNH3を検出するNH3検出装置と、
前記供給装置から還元剤を供給するときに排気の空燃比がリッチ空燃比となるように還元剤量を調節する制御装置と、
前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒にNOxが吸蔵されているときであって、前記制御装置により排気の空燃比がリッチ空燃比となるように還元剤量を調節しつつ前記供給装置から還元剤の供給を開始した直後の所定時間内において、前記NH3検出装置の検出値が閾値以下となるときに前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒が劣化していると判定する判定装置と、
を備える触媒劣化判定システム。 - 前記所定時間は10秒である請求項1に記載の触媒劣化判定システム。
- 前記判定装置は、前記NH3検出装置の検出値の最大値が閾値以下のときに前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒が劣化していると判定する請求項1または2に記載の触媒劣化判定システム。
- 前記判定装置は、前記NH3検出装置の検出値の積算値が閾値以下のときに前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒が劣化していると判定する請求項1または2に記載の触媒劣化判定システム。
- 前記制御装置は、排気の空燃比がリッチ空燃比であって、NH3の生成量が最大となる空燃比となるように還元剤量を調節する請求項1から4の何れか1項に記載の触媒劣化判定システム。
- 前記NH3検出装置は、排気中のNOx及びNH3を検出するNOxセンサである請求項1から5の何れか1項に記載の触媒劣化判定システム。
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US13/982,611 US20130330234A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 | 2011-03-03 | Catalyst deterioration judging system |
EP11859811.9A EP2682576A4 (en) | 2011-03-03 | 2011-03-03 | SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING CATALYST WEAR |
PCT/JP2011/054918 WO2012117552A1 (ja) | 2011-03-03 | 2011-03-03 | 触媒劣化判定システム |
JP2013502116A JP5601418B2 (ja) | 2011-03-03 | 2011-03-03 | 触媒劣化判定システム |
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DE102017219857A1 (de) * | 2017-11-08 | 2019-09-26 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Diagnose einer Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung |
JP7071246B2 (ja) | 2018-09-07 | 2022-05-18 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 触媒劣化診断方法および触媒劣化診断システム |
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