WO2012108997A2 - Combined fuel and oxidizer metering jets, systems, and methods for simultaneously metering fuel and oxidizer - Google Patents
Combined fuel and oxidizer metering jets, systems, and methods for simultaneously metering fuel and oxidizer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012108997A2 WO2012108997A2 PCT/US2012/022129 US2012022129W WO2012108997A2 WO 2012108997 A2 WO2012108997 A2 WO 2012108997A2 US 2012022129 W US2012022129 W US 2012022129W WO 2012108997 A2 WO2012108997 A2 WO 2012108997A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oxidizer
- fuel
- metering
- jet
- mixing tube
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
- F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/60—Devices for simultaneous control of gas and combustion air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
- F23D14/64—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes with injectors
Definitions
- multi-fuel stoves have compromised combustion efficiency and/or performance in favor of fuel flexibility and simplicity. This compromise results from the disparate energy contents and oxidization requirements between fuels: liquid fuels such as white gas, kerosene, or diesel each require differing fuel flow rates but all require a greater volume of oxidizer for a given fuel flow rate than LG fuels such as liquefied butane or propane.
- CSA Canadian Standards Association
- CSA 11 .2a 2001 ⁇ 1 .5.4 Canadian Standards Association
- This regulatory limitation has caused stove manufacturers (1 ) to build and sell stoves that burn only liquid or only LG fuels, but not both, (2) to build and sell multi-fuel stoves with user-adjustable primary air intakes ⁇ e.g. Brunton's Vapor AF stove) but not sell those products into markets regulated by CSA, or (3) to build and sell stoves that burn both types of fuel, but that sacrifice performance by not providing means for primary air adjustment.
- primary air intakes e.g. Brunton's Vapor AF stove
- the invention is directed to combined fuel and oxidizer metering jets for simultaneously metering the flow rate of a liquid and/or LG fuel and an oxidizer for delivery to a single or multi-fuel burner; systems comprising the above-described combined metering jets; and methods for simultaneously metering the flow rate of a fuel and an oxidizer.
- Conventional burners comprise a tube having an inflow end presenting to a fuel metering article generally referred to herein as a fuel metering jet and an outflow end presenting to a burner.
- the jet functions to meter, alone or in combination with other components and/or apparatus, the rate of fuel delivered from an upstream fuel source to the downstream burner by causing the fuel to pass through a first end orifice (inlet) to a second end orifice (outlet).
- An oxidizer such as ambient air, is entrained into the fuel flow emerging from the jet outlet, usually via a primary oxidizer intake, and there after delivered to the burner via the tube. If oxidizer entrainment via the primary oxidizer intake occurs prior or proximate to the upstream end of the tube, the tube is functionally characterized as a fuel-air mixing tube.
- One common form of primary intake comprises a highly mechanically decoupled space between the fuel metering jet outlet and the upstream end of the mixing tube (a decoupled axial arrangement).
- Another common form of primary intake comprises one or a plurality of orifices or ports defined by the mixing tube proximate to the upstream end, which may or may not have adjustable occlusion members, wherein the fuel metering jet is mechanically linked to the mixing tube, usually at the upstream end thereof (a coupled or radial arrangement).
- a decoupled arrangement is one where oxidizer entrainment usually occurs axially at the upstream end of the mixing tube while a coupled arrangement is one where oxidizer entrainment usually occurs radially downstream of the upstream end of the mixing tube.
- All fuel metering jets by definition comprise means for establishing a
- combined metering jet embodiments according to the invention further comprise means for establishing a predetermined oxidizer flow rate, wherein the combined metering jet alone (intrinsic) and/or in combination with ancillary structure (extrinsic), such as a mixing tube adapted to receive such jet, comprise(s) the means for establishing a predetermined oxidizer flow rate.
- intrinsic combined metering jet embodiments which are usually but not always found in coupled arrangements, comprise substantially the entire means for establishing a predetermined oxidizer flow rate; extrinsic
- embodiments which may found in coupled or decoupled arrangements, comprise one part of the means for establishing a predetermined oxidizer flow rate, with the mixing tube usually comprising another part thereof.
- combined metering jet embodiments according to the invention may also comprise features and aspects of both coupled and decoupled metering jet arrangements.
- a first hybrid combined metering jet axially entrains oxidizer at the upstream end of the mixing tube (a feature generally associated with a decoupled arrangement) but the metering jet is nevertheless mechanically linked thereto (by definition, a coupled arrangement).
- a second hybrid combined metering jet axially entrains oxidizer at the upstream end of the mixing tube (a feature generally associated with a decoupled arrangement) and modifies downstream radial entrainment thereof (a feature generally associated with a coupled arrangement).
- combined metering jets generally can be characterized as either mechanically linked to a mixing tube (a coupled arrangement) or mechanically separate from a mixing tube (a decoupled arrangement), and means for establishing a predetermined oxidizer flow rate can be characterized as intrinsic, wherein the flow rate is substantially exclusively determined only the the combined metering jet, and/or extrinsic, wherein the flow rate is substantially determined by both the combined metering jet and additional structure such as a mixing tube.
- all invention embodiments comprise a fuel metering body having a length "L B " and defining a fluid passage from an inlet orifice defined by a first end of the fuel metering body to an outlet orifice defined by a second end of the fuel metering body, and further comprise the aforementioned means for establishing a predetermined oxidizer flow rate, which can be characterized as an oxidizer metering body.
- a first series of combined metering jets for decoupled arrangements comprises extrinsic means for establishing predetermined oxidizer flow rates.
- Combined metering jets having these extrinsic means comprise an oxidizer metering body, which can be characterized as an oxidizer flow reducing portion, whereby the volumetric flow of the oxidizer through a mixing tube varies as a function of the oxidizer metering body's proximity to the primary intake, which in a decoupled arrangement is at the upstream end of the mixing tube.
- the oxidizer metering body's proximity to the upstream end of the mixing tube can be varied by increasing or decreasing the overall length of the combined metering jet
- the oxidizer metering body comprises a hollow, preferably cylindrical or prismatic, shroud, which extends from the fuel metering body second end and terminates at a distal end to establish a length "L S ", and which when added to the length of the fuel metering body "L B " establishes the overall length of the combined metering jet "LOA". Therefore, by changing the length of "L S " and/or "L B ", one changes the distance between the shroud's distal end and the upstream end of the mixing tube during operation of the burner system in which the combined metering jet is introduced. Consequently, the volumetric flow rate of an oxidizer entering the mixing tube at the first end of the mixing tube is also changed.
- the hollow shroud embodiments in this first group may be integral with the fuel metering body or may be attachable thereto, either removably or permanently.
- the term “hollow cylindrical shroud” or “hollow prismatic shroud” or derivative terms means a generally thin walled tube or pipe of,
- the geometric form may be conical or tapered, for example, a frustum of a hollow cone, and still be considered compliant with these terms.
- the external diameter of the shroud need not be the same as that of the fuel metering body, and in some embodiments described herein, is intentionally not.
- a presently preferred arrangement is to have uniformly dimensioned fuel metering bodies of various fuel flow rates and a plurality of hollow shrouds, each having unique lengths "L s ", whereby fuel metering bodies and shrouds can be "matched and attached” as needed based upon the nature ⁇ e.g., energy content) of the intended fuel.
- Such an approach permits a given fuel metering body to be used in both oxidizer rich and oxidizer poor environments by attaching, respectively, longer or shorter shrouds, again, either removably or permanently.
- monolithic combined metering jets of varying overall lengths may be preferred.
- the oxidizer metering body comprises an extended portion of the fuel metering body.
- the extended body portion includes the second or outlet end, which defines the second or outlet orifice of the fuel passage, wherein the overall length "LOA" of the combined metering jet determines the proximity of the jet's second end from the upstream end of the mixing tube during operation of the burner system in which the combined metering jet is introduced.
- the extended portions of embodiments in this group may be integral with the fuel metering body or may be attachable thereto, either removably or permanently.
- non- integrated embodiments of this second group embodiments may exploit "match and attach" opportunities.
- embodiments wherein the fuel metering body is "extended” through either temporary or permanent attachment of an auxiliary fuel passage member, whether of the same or differing inner diameter is considered to be within the scope of this second group of embodiments.
- the oxidizer metering body comprises a hollow shroud extending from the fuel metering body second end the same as or similar to that of the first group, wherein the combined metering jet further comprises at least one hole or port defined by the shroud such that oxidizer is entrained into the fuel flow there at in addition to the decoupled upstream end of the mixing tube during operation of the burner system in which the combined metering jets according to this third group are introduced
- the quality of the resulting inflow can also be modified by oxidizer metering bodies comprising inflow character modification means.
- the oxidizer metering body may comprise outer surface features that form, in conjunction with the upstream end of the mixing tube (which may also comprise optimizing or complementary inner surface features), venturi means for increasing the inflow velocity and/or vectoring means for establishing one or more preferred inflow vectors into the mixing tube, e.g., a swirling pattern to increase the dispersion of fuel in the entrained oxidizer during transit in the the mixing tube.
- oxidizer metering bodies described above with respect to the third group of invention embodiments within this first series also affect the quality of the oxidizer inflow through the introduction of oxidizer via the at least one port defined by the hollow shroud upstream of the primary intake.
- inner surface features of hollow shrouds may be selected to modify fuel flow characteristics prior to oxidizer entrainment
- a second series of combined metering jets comprises extrinsic and/or intrinsic means for establishing predetermined oxidizer flow rates by functionally and mechanically coupling with a portion of the mixing tube to define the operable area of a primary and/or secondary oxidizer intake.
- Combined metering jets having these extrinsic means comprise an oxidizer metering body, which can be characterized as an oxidizer flow occluding portion
- combined metering jets having these intrinsic means comprise an oxidizer metering body, which can be characterized as defining at least one oxidizer intake.
- extrinsic embodiments functionally cooperate with one or more primary oxidizer intakes defined by the mixing tube to which the metering jet is mechanically linked, while pure intrinsic embodiments do not.
- certain second series embodiments combine features and aspects of both conventional coupled and decoupled metering jet arrangements due to the unique aspects of the present invention, as will be described below.
- the oxidizer metering body comprises an oxidizer flow occluding portion characterized as one of a) a hollow, preferably cylindrical or prismatic, shroud, which extends from the fuel metering body second end and terminates at a distal end to establish a length "Ls"; or b) an extended portion of the fuel metering body, including its second or outlet end.
- Ls a hollow, preferably cylindrical or prismatic, shroud
- the overall length "LOA" of the combined metering jet determines the extent of primary intake occlusion: the greater the overall length of the oxidizer metering body, the more that the one or more radial primary intakes are occluded, which decreases the oxidizer flow rate, presuming a
- the hollow shroud embodiments in this group may be integral with the fuel metering body or may be attachable thereto, either removably or permanently.
- the extended body portion embodiments may also be integral or attachable to the fuel metering body, although integral embodiments are preferred.
- a presently preferred arrangement is to have uniformly dimensioned fuel metering bodies of various fuel flow rates and a plurality of hollow shrouds, each having unique lengths "L s " whereby fuel metering bodies and shrouds can be
- the oxidizer flow occluding portions of the first group are optimized for use with mixing tubes having an axially oriented intake, which may be a primary intake or created as a supplemental intake.
- an axially oriented intake which may be a primary intake or created as a supplemental intake. The latter case may be encountered where the one or more radial primary intakes cannot provide sufficient oxidizer entrainment in all
- an additional intake is necessary but also involves additional costs.
- a single mixing tube can be used.
- the additional intake can may be considered a means for modifying the character of the oxidizer inflow.
- a maximum outer diameter of the oxidizer flow occluding portion is nominally less than an inner diameter of the mixing tube at the first or upstream end thereof, presuming internal fitment.
- the oxidizer flow occluding portion also comprises at least one outer surface feature such as a groove that, in cooperation with the mixing tube inner surface, creates at least one oxidizer intake.
- the means for establishing predetermined oxidizer flow rates comprise at least one primary oxidizer intake defined by a hollow, preferably cylindrical or prismatic, shroud, which extends from the fuel metering body second end and terminates at a distal end to establish a length "L s ", whereby the volumetric flow of the oxidizer through a mixing tube varies as a function of the combined area of all extension-defined primary oxidizer intakes when coupled arrangement mixing tubes having no primary intakes, i.e., non-ported mixing tubes..
- these third group embodiments may be used in conjunction with mixing tubes having at least one primary radial intake, i.e., ported mixing tubes.
- the constitution of the at least one primary oxidizer intake defined by the hollow shroud exclusively determines the oxidizer inflow volumetric parameter as well as qualities; in the latter case, the affect is non-exclusive.
- the means for establishing predetermined oxidizer flow rates comprises an oxidizer flow occluding portion the same as or similar to that of the first group, and further comprises at least one hole or port defined by the extension such that oxidizer is entrained into the fuel flow there at in addition to the decoupled upstream end of the mixing tube during operation of the burner system in which the combined metering jets according to this third group are introduced
- the quality of the oxidizer inflow in coupled arrangements can be modified in these second series combined metering jets.
- the oxidizer flow occluding portions may comprise surface features that form, in conjunction with the primary intake(s) (which may also comprise optimizing or complementary surface features), venturi means for increasing the inflow velocity and/or vectoring means for establishing one or more preferred inflow vectors into the mixing tube, e.g., a swirling pattern to increase the dispersion of fuel in the entrained oxidizer during transit in the the mixing tube.
- the means for establishing predetermined oxidizer flow rates is directed to modifying the overall length LOA of the combined metering jet.
- the relative spatial position of the combined metering jet with respect to the mixing tube also affects oxidizer flow rates.
- aspects of the present invention provide axial adjustment means for modifying the axial displacement of a fuel metering jet
- Axial adjustment means comprise in one case at least one shimming washer sized to sealingly fit between the jet seat and the first end of the combined metering jet, and in another case at least one spacer sized to be sealingly received by the jet seat and sealingly coupled with the combined metering jet.
- micro axial adjusting means provides an opportunity to optimize the efficiency and/or performance of a burner arrangement by stacking such shims; in the latter case such macro axial adjusting means, which is preferably a bushing, provides an alternative means for establishing predetermined oxidizer flow rates without replacing an existing fuel metering jet.
- Invention embodiments directed to systems comprising combined metering jets according to the article embodiments described herein further comprise a mixing tube according to the various types described herein.
- the mixing tube is preferably matched for the type of combined metering jet used therewith, for example, coupled or decouples, intrinsic or extrinsic, hybrids, etc.
- kit embodiments which comprise one or a plurality of fuel metering bodies and one or a plurality of oxidizer metering bodies, whether for removable or permanent attachment thereto.
- kit embodiments may further comprise one or a plurality of micro and/or macro axial adjustment means such as shims and/or bushings.
- kit embodiments may further comprise an optimized mixing tube for combined metering jet embodiments having extrinsic means for establishing predetermined oxidizer flow rates.
- invention embodiments directed to methods include all aspects of use concerning the articles and systems described above.
- method embodiments of the invention comprise methods for simultaneously modifying fuel and oxidizer flow rate parameters of a single or multi-fuel burner; and methods for axially adjusting only oxidizer flow rate parameters in a system comprising a mixing tube, a fuel jet seat and a fuel metering jet, whether combined or conventional, through the introduction of axial adjustment means between the jet seat and the mixing tube.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
- Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2825358A CA2825358C (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2012-01-20 | Combined fuel and oxidizer metering jet |
CN201280014251.4A CN103917828B (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2012-01-20 | Fuel burner system |
AU2012214774A AU2012214774A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2012-01-20 | Combined fuel and oxidizer metering jets, systems, and methods for simultaneously metering fuel and oxidizer |
NZ613791A NZ613791B2 (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2012-01-20 | Combined fuel and oxidizer metering jets, systems, and methods for simultaneously metering fuel and oxidizer |
JP2013550650A JP6017453B2 (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2012-01-20 | Combined metering jet of fuel and oxidant, system and method for metering fuel and oxidant simultaneously |
HK15100009.2A HK1199654A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2015-01-02 | Combined fuel and oxidizer metering jets, systems, and methods for simultaneously metering fuel and oxidizer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161461807P | 2011-01-20 | 2011-01-20 | |
US61/461,807 | 2011-01-20 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012108997A2 true WO2012108997A2 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
WO2012108997A3 WO2012108997A3 (en) | 2014-03-13 |
Family
ID=46639123
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2012/022129 WO2012108997A2 (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2012-01-20 | Combined fuel and oxidizer metering jets, systems, and methods for simultaneously metering fuel and oxidizer |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP6017453B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103917828B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2012214774A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2825358C (en) |
HK (1) | HK1199654A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012108997A2 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3662547A (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1972-05-16 | Nasa | Coaxial injector for reaction motors |
US3897008A (en) * | 1969-09-24 | 1975-07-29 | Us Navy | Liquid fuel injector system |
US20010049079A1 (en) * | 1993-07-09 | 2001-12-06 | Edgar C. Robinson | Multifuel infrared burner with adjustable metering valve |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB809844A (en) * | 1956-07-05 | 1959-03-04 | Armstrong Siddeley Motors Ltd | Improvements in and relating to rocket motors |
US3534909A (en) * | 1968-05-21 | 1970-10-20 | Paine Thomas O | Control valve and co-axial variable injector |
US4152108A (en) * | 1977-07-15 | 1979-05-01 | John Zink Company | Steam injection to zone of onset of combustion in fuel burner |
JPS57150324U (en) * | 1981-03-16 | 1982-09-21 | ||
DE4424599A1 (en) * | 1994-07-13 | 1996-01-18 | Abb Research Ltd | Method and device for operating a combined burner for liquid and gaseous fuels |
DE19543701A1 (en) * | 1995-11-23 | 1997-05-28 | Abb Research Ltd | Premix burner |
WO2008147987A1 (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2008-12-04 | Tiax, Llc | Fuel combustion |
-
2012
- 2012-01-20 JP JP2013550650A patent/JP6017453B2/en active Active
- 2012-01-20 CN CN201280014251.4A patent/CN103917828B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-01-20 AU AU2012214774A patent/AU2012214774A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-01-20 CA CA2825358A patent/CA2825358C/en active Active
- 2012-01-20 WO PCT/US2012/022129 patent/WO2012108997A2/en active Application Filing
-
2015
- 2015-01-02 HK HK15100009.2A patent/HK1199654A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3897008A (en) * | 1969-09-24 | 1975-07-29 | Us Navy | Liquid fuel injector system |
US3662547A (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1972-05-16 | Nasa | Coaxial injector for reaction motors |
US20010049079A1 (en) * | 1993-07-09 | 2001-12-06 | Edgar C. Robinson | Multifuel infrared burner with adjustable metering valve |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP6017453B2 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
HK1199654A1 (en) | 2015-07-10 |
CN103917828B (en) | 2016-09-21 |
CN103917828A (en) | 2014-07-09 |
AU2012214774A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
WO2012108997A3 (en) | 2014-03-13 |
NZ613791A (en) | 2015-07-31 |
CA2825358C (en) | 2018-06-05 |
CA2825358A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
JP2014514521A (en) | 2014-06-19 |
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