WO2012101390A1 - Trawl for collecting materials such as green algae, hydrocarbons, and other large waste - Google Patents

Trawl for collecting materials such as green algae, hydrocarbons, and other large waste Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012101390A1
WO2012101390A1 PCT/FR2012/050176 FR2012050176W WO2012101390A1 WO 2012101390 A1 WO2012101390 A1 WO 2012101390A1 FR 2012050176 W FR2012050176 W FR 2012050176W WO 2012101390 A1 WO2012101390 A1 WO 2012101390A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
trawl
filter bag
trawling
horizontal beam
bag
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2012/050176
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Thierry Thomazeau
Original Assignee
Thierry Thomazeau
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thierry Thomazeau filed Critical Thierry Thomazeau
Publication of WO2012101390A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012101390A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
    • E02B15/08—Devices for reducing the polluted area with or without additional devices for removing the material
    • E02B15/0842—Devices for reducing the polluted area with or without additional devices for removing the material adapted to be towed for operation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K74/00—Other catching nets or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K80/00—Harvesting oysters, mussels, sponges or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
    • E02B15/08—Devices for reducing the polluted area with or without additional devices for removing the material
    • E02B15/0857—Buoyancy material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/204—Keeping clear the surface of open water from oil spills

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a depollution trawl for collecting products of the green algae, hydrocarbon and / or other macrodechet type present in water, both in the water and in the water, as well as in the water and seaweed. sea only in rivers or streams.
  • the pollutants of the sea and water courses are numerous at present, and endanger the aquatic life. It is therefore necessary to collect, where possible, these pollutants.
  • pollutants that can be collected are macrodechts suspended in water, especially of the plastic type, which are first of all a nuisance for aquatic life in general, but also an aesthetic nuisance, especially when are suspended in the water near the coast.
  • pollutants that can be collected are hydrocarbons from degassing or oil spills. These viscous products may, due to their consistency and their difference in density relative to seawater, be collected.
  • a final example of products that are a nuisance to aquatic life, and that it is necessary to collect, are green algae. These green algae proliferate near the coast, where the waters are warmer and rich in nitrates from agriculture, and grow on a layer of about 50-60 cm on the bottom. Under these favorable conditions, these green algae proliferate at a high speed (10 to 12% by volume each day), consuming a large part of the oxygen in water at the expense of other aquatic organisms that then disappear from the coast. In addition, with the tides the green algae are rejected on the coasts or beaches, where they rot and constitute a visual pollution and often olfactory.
  • the European patent EP 1 570 131 describes a device for collecting waste or other floating products on the surface of the sea or a river, this device being intended to be towed by one or two boats.
  • This device consists of a filter bag containing waste or other and a structure on which the bag is fixed.
  • the pouch is detachably fastened over its entire length to said structure which is inflatable, which forms a U in a horizontal plane and inside which the pocket is housed.
  • This inflatable structure extends, beyond the opening of the pocket, in the form of two divergent-looking arms to form an inflow guide of the articles to the opening of the pocket.
  • a rigid or inflatable arch-shaped frame is provided in the vicinity of the pocket entrance opening, this frame is maintained in the upright position of the arch by two arch carriers each consisting of at least one element disposed in the vicinity of the connection zone between the arm and the inflatable structure and secured to the arm and / or the inflatable structure.
  • Each arch carrier is used to removably receive a hoop, the top of the hoop for fixing, preferably via a strap, an edge said upper edge of the containment pocket .
  • This known device has the drawbacks, on the one hand, that the mounting of said arch is relatively complicated, and, secondly, that the maneuvers to be performed at sea, with wind or sea conditions not always favorable, to prepare the device loaded with waste or other out of the water and to ensure the lifting by a crane mounted on the boat, are also relatively complicated.
  • the present inventor has sought a solution to these drawbacks in order to present a trawl, usable near the coast or at sea, for collecting products of the green algae, hydrocarbons or macrodeches type suspended in water (especially between two waters, c that is, between the surface and the bottom), both in shallow and deep waters, having as little impact as possible on aquatic life, and also on the surface.
  • the subject of the present invention is therefore a trawl for the collection of products of the green algae, hydrocarbons and other macro-waste type, polluting the sea or a river, comprising a filter bag for confining said products, said bag having opening means enabling it to to open once launched with a front opening located in a plane perpendicular to the surface of the water, and means for pulling and lifting the bag loaded with collected products, connected to said opening means and having a connecting member to at least one fune of a crane or a lift mast mounted on a trawl towing boat.
  • the opening of the bag may be delimited in the upper part by an upper horizontal beam and in the lower part by a holding element of lower opening width, negative buoyancy, and the traction means and lifting of the bag loaded with collected products consist of a drawbar and lifting connected at each end by a system of crow's feet son both at the upper horizontal beam and the element of maintenance of width of d lower opening and carrying, in its center, a connection point to the crane or hoist mast.
  • the buoyancy of an object in a liquid is the vertical thrust, directed upwards, that a fluid exerts on this immersed object.
  • An object with negative buoyancy in a given liquid is an object whose actual weight is greater than the buoyancy force that is exerted in the liquid on this object.
  • the upper horizontal beam and the lower opening width holding member are connected at their opposite ends by height adjustment chains of the opening.
  • the upper horizontal beam has a greater buoyancy than the lower opening width holding member.
  • the upper horizontal beam consists of a hollow bar closed at both ends and the lower opening width holding member consists of a hollow bar open at both ends or in a chain or element. longitudinal ballast carrying a pull at each end without deformation of length.
  • the pocket has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped open at its front face, the upper horizontal beam and the lower opening width holding element being fixed along the edges of the respectively higher horizontal faces and lower part of the pocket.
  • At least one float is disposed at the upper part of the floating bag.
  • a float rod is disposed along each upper edge of the pocket, externally thereto, and adapted to be connected to the corresponding edge of the upper horizontal pocket.
  • each float rod is mounted along the pocket by a needle device and quick links.
  • the filter bag has, in its rear face, a zipper-type closure, intended to be opened in the raised position of the trawl for the evacuation of pollutants collected.
  • a non-return thread is disposed in the front region of the filter bag.
  • a reinforcement sock net is threaded onto the filter bag proper for the collection of heavy pollutants.
  • the front face is the face of the filter bag at the front in the direction of travel in use of the trawl.
  • the lower opening width holding element is a so-called lower horizontal beam, and comprises, in the lower part of the filter bag, a ballast in the form of chains, adapted to compensate for the buoyancy of the upper horizontal beam and the float tubes.
  • a flat apron can be attached to the lower horizontal beam and extend under the entire filter bag.
  • the trawl may further comprise two front pads curving upwards at their free ends, each attached to one end of the lower horizontal beam, perpendicular to it, the weight chains being fixed to said pads.
  • the pads allow the trawl to move on the seabed, with a contact surface with the seabed limited to the surface of the pads, which makes it possible not to scrape the bottom over the entire width of the trawl.
  • Their curved front part makes it easy to pass obstacles on the seabed.
  • An inclined sill may be attached to the bow of the trawl along the lower horizontal beam.
  • the edge of the threshold may in particular be at about 10 mm from the lower plane of the pads.
  • the lower opening width holding element is a chain or a longitudinal ballast element supporting a traction at each end without deformation of length and the trawl has no ballast at its lower part.
  • the trawl may comprise at the front two floating products guiding arms to the inlet opening of the filter bag, said arms opening outwards and being connected by their free ends to the boat by traction tips. .
  • Each arm may be constituted by an inflatable ring articulated at one of its ends to the upper end of the filter bag and provided at its base with a weighted skirt.
  • Each arm can be articulated to a float flange of the filter bag.
  • non-return net is optional, and the trawl of the invention can also be used effectively without a back-up net.
  • the towing boat is an amphibious boat, having wheels allowing it to roll out of the water.
  • the mesh of the filter bag is between 4 and 12 mm.
  • a mesh net larger than the filter bag can be added to the trawl, to strengthen it, especially when collecting large loads.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a trawl according to a first embodiment, said bottom trawl;
  • Figure 2 is a top view of the seabed trawl of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the seabed trawl of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a front view of the seabed trawl of Figure 1;
  • Figures 5 to 7 are schematic views of the seabed trawl of Figure 1, in use at sea drawn by an amphibious boat, respectively after its launch in the collection position of the green algae type products (Figure 5 ), in recovery after having collected products of green algae type (Figure 6) and in emptying position on the boat of the pollution caught (Figure 7);
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of a trawl according to a second embodiment, said surface trawl;
  • Figure 9 is a top view of the surface trawl of Figure 8;
  • Figure 10 is a side view of the surface trawl of Figure 8;
  • Figure 11 is a front view of
  • the trawl 1 according to the invention consists mainly of a filter bag 2, moving in use in the direction indicated by the arrow f in FIG.
  • the filter bag 2 is a net whose mesh will be specified in more detail below.
  • the filter bag 2 is substantially of rectangular parallelepipedal shape (unlike traditional funnel-shaped trawls), and only the front face of the filter bag 2, in the direction of movement of the trawl 1, is open, the other faces of the filter bag 2 being constituted by the net.
  • the filter bag 2 is fixed by the upper and lower edges 2a and 2b of its front face ( Figure 3). to a traction system, comprising a lower transverse bar 3, an upper transverse bar 4 and a transverse bar for traction and lifting 5.
  • the lower transverse bars 3, 4 and the upper traction and lifting 5 have the same length, which corresponds to the width of the front face of the filter bag 2.
  • the upper transverse bars 4 and traction 5 are hollow and sealingly closed at each end, either by welding a metal part, or by sealing plugs. They are therefore floating and made, for example, of aluminum.
  • the lower transverse bar 3 is also hollow, but is open at both ends, which enables it, when the traction system is introduced into the water, to be filled with water and to be heavier than the transverse bars.
  • upper 4 and 5 traction and naturally drive the traction system to the bottom.
  • the upper transverse bars 4 and traction 5 have a buoyancy difference of about 60% with the lower transverse bar 3.
  • the lower transverse bars 3, 4 upper and 5 carry at each end of the fasteners, respectively 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, ear-shaped, attached to the respective transverse bar.
  • the lower and upper transverse bars 4 are each connected to the transverse drawbar 5 by means of ropes 6a, 6b and 7a, 7b: the ropes 6a, 6b connect the fasteners 4a, 4b of the upper transverse bar 4 to the fasteners 5a, 5b of the transverse drawbar 5, while the ropes 7a, 7b connect the fasteners 3a, 3b of the lower crossbar 3 to the fasteners 5a, 5b of the crossbar 5.
  • a crowbar therefore connects at each end transverse traction bar 5 at each respective end of the lower cross bars 3 and upper 4.
  • the upper transverse bar 5 is itself connected by a rope or fune 8 to the boat (not shown in Figures 1 to 4) pulling the bottom trawl 1.
  • the lower crossbar 3 carries a beam 9 ( Figure 3), on which is fixed the lower edge 2b of the front face of the filter bag 2, according to a method of attachment described in more detail below.
  • the lower transverse bar 3 rests at each end on pads, respectively 10a, 10b, having an upward curved front end.
  • the pads 10a, 10b are intended to rest on the seabed in use.
  • the front end of each pad 10a, 10b, in the direction of movement of the trawl 1, extends forward of the lower transverse bar 3, while the rear end extends towards the rear of the trawl 1 of the invention, in the direction of movement of the trawl 1, beyond the fixing of the lower edge 2b of the front face of the filter bag 2.
  • each pad 10a, 10b carries a ring, respectively lOal, lObl, in which is fixed a chain, respectively 11a, 11b, extending in the direction of movement of the trawl 1 to the rear of the trawl 1, perpendicular to the front of the filter bag 2.
  • the chains 11a, 11b are connected to the corresponding longitudinal bottom edges of the filter bag 2 extending perpendicularly to the front face of the filter bag 2, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, one link on two of the chains 11a, 11b being connected to the respective lower longitudinal edge of the filter bag 2.
  • the chains 11a, 11b form a ballast for the lower part of the filter bag 2.
  • An apron 12 in the form of a sheet of plastic material, preferably double-coated polyurethane, is fixed by its front edge to the beam 9, in a manner to be described in more detail below, and extends under the filter bag 2, the chains 11a, 11b resting on the upper face of the deck 12, while the underside of the deck 12 is in contact, in use, with the seabed.
  • the deck 12 is only fixed to the beam 9 by its front edge, the deck 12 not being fixed to any other element of the trawl 1.
  • This apron 12 advantageously allows, when the trawl 1 according to the invention is used on the seabed, not to carry too much sand in the filter bag 2 during the movement of the trawl 1. Indeed, the movement of the trawl 1 on the seabed causes sand and sand swirls to move sand into the filter bag 2. With deck 12, the sand whirls behind trawl 1, so that too much sand is not incorporated into the trawl 1.
  • the apron 12 also makes it possible not to disturb the flat fish, the fry and small shrimp resting on the seabed during the passage of the trawl 1.
  • the apron 12 protects the filter bag 2 possible attachment points in the seabed, which could deteriorate the filter bag 2.
  • a threshold 13 is disposed between the two pads 10a, 10b, the threshold 13 taking the form of an inclined plate, resting on the lower transverse bar 3, being welded and extending from the lower transverse bar 3 to the Before the trawl 1.
  • the width of the threshold 13 corresponds to the spacing of the pads 10a, 10b.
  • the threshold 13 has dimensions such that its front edge is at a distance of about 10 mm from the lower faces of the pads 10a, 10b, that is to say about 10 mm from the seabed on which is moved the trawl 1 .
  • This space of 10 mm makes it possible not to hurt / collect flatfish or other organisms living on the seabed. Indeed, the objective of this trawl is to collect a maximum of green algae type products while collecting the minimum of living organisms.
  • the front edge of the threshold 13 may be rounded, to ensure that the flatfish and other organisms living on the seabed will not be injured by the leading edge of the threshold 13.
  • Threshold 13 is used to collect the maximum amount of green algae / hydrocarbons / macro-deposition products present in the water in front of the trawl 3.
  • the lower transverse bar 3 is connected at its two ends to the corresponding ends of the upper transverse bar 4 by chains, respectively 14a, 14b, whose ends are fixed to shackles, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b, respectively, fixed at the ends. beams 9 and 15 respectively.
  • the shackle 18b is hidden from view in the drawing).
  • the upper transverse bar 4 carries a beam 15 on which the upper edge is fixed. 2a of the front face of the filter bag 2, in a manner described in more detail below.
  • Fixing the lower and upper transverse bars 4 by the chains 14a, 14b advantageously makes it possible to adjust the opening height of the front face of the filter bag 2.
  • the lateral edges of the front face of the filter bag 2 are fixed. to links of the respective chains 14a, 14b, in a manner to be described in more detail below.
  • the chains 14a, 14b make it possible to adjust the height of the vertical opening of the trawl.
  • the side edges of the front face of the filter bag 2 are attached to one link on two of the respective chains 14a, 14b.
  • the lower transverse bars 3, upper 4 traction 5, the beams 9 and 15, the threshold 13 and the pads 10a, 10b are preferably metal, preferably light aluminum type.
  • the lower 3, upper 4 and traction 5 transverse bars are 120 mm diameter aluminum tubes with a thickness of 5 mm.
  • the beams 9 and 15 are preferably elongated plates 50 mm thick, of sufficient width for shackling of shackles, and of the same length as the lower and upper transverse bars 4 and 4.
  • the floats 16a, 16b are flanges filled with air or expanded foam, with a front face inclined towards the rear of the trawl 1 and a tapered rear end.
  • the inclined front face and the tapered rear end of the floats 16a, 16b make it possible to have a better coefficient of penetration into the water of the floats 16a, 16b.
  • the floats 16a, 16b are connected to the upper bar 4 by a fast link device, each band 22a, 22b (see below) carrying a metal plate 22c having a link lug fast link.
  • the floatability of the floats 16a, 16b is slightly overcompensated by the ballast chains 11a, 11b.
  • This configuration also ensures that the trawl 1, when immersed in water, will be in the right direction, with the upper edges up and the lower edges down. This effect is accentuated by the hollow lower transverse bar 3 able to fill with water and the upper transverse bar 4, hollow and plugged at both ends, so always filled with air.
  • This particular configuration of the buoyancy of the floats 16a, 16b just compensated by the chains 11a, 11b finally allows a smooth passage of the trawl 1 on the asperities of the seabed and optimal filtration from the first meters of the trawl 1 .
  • the filter bag 2 finally comprises a non-return thread 17 in the form of a truncated pyramid, constituted by four sections of net each fixed on one edge of the opening of the trawl 1 and directed towards the inside of the trawl 1, the anti-fillet -For 17 flaring from the inside of the filter bag 2 to the edges of the opening of the trawl 1.
  • a second rectangular opening in the entry area of the trawl, smaller than the opening of the trawl, is thus formed. 1 itself.
  • the non-return net could, according to another embodiment, be constituted by a single pan of the same width as the front face of the filter bag 2, having its lower edge fixed on the beam 9 and extending inclined towards the inside the filter bag 2, substantially at the same angle as the threshold 13, to about half the height of the filter bag 2.
  • the lateral edges of the non-return net would be fixed, for example by stitching, to the lateral faces of the filter bag 2, the filter bag 2.
  • the non-return thread 17 makes it possible to avoid an exit of the products collected from the trawl 1, the collected products tending to return to the upper part of the front face of the filter bag 2, in particular because of the inclined threshold 13, and to follow a loop flow in the filter bag 2 during the advancement of the trawl 1, which tends to drive the collected products arrived at the bottom of the filter bag 2 outside the trawl 1 without the presence of the non-return net 17.
  • the presence of the non-return thread 17 is however optional.
  • One end 20 traverses the entire edges of the filter bag 2, the end 20 having at regular intervals loops 21, on the edges of the filter bag 2 intended to be fixed on the elements of the trawl 1.
  • the longitudinal upper edges of the filter bag 2, perpendicular to the plane of the front face of the filter bag 2, are, as stated above, attached to the floats 16a, 16b.
  • Each float, respectively 16a, 16b, carries in the upper part a strip of coated fabric, which is the same fabric as that constituting the outer envelope of the floats 16a, 16b, respectively 22a, 22b, the tissue strips 22a, 22b carrying them. same eyelets 23, at regular intervals, identical to the intervals with which loops 21 are formed on the end 20.
  • a needle, respectively 24a, 24b, of length substantially identical to the length of the corresponding float, respectively 16a, 16b, is introduced into the loops 21 of a corresponding upper edge of the filter bag 2, said loops being each previously passed through an eyelet 23 of the float, respectively 16a, 16b, the needle, 24a, 24b respectively, being introduced from the front to the rear of the trawl 1, that is to say in the same direction of movement of the trawl 1 in use, and taking each loop end 21 of the same side of the fabric strip, respectively 22a, 22b.
  • the needle grip head could also be mounted forward of the trawl 1 without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the longitudinal lower edges of the filter bag 2 are fixed in the following manner: the loops 21 of the tip 20 formed at regular intervals on these lower edges of the filter bag 2, are fixed to the respective chain 11a, 11b, for example by means of Quick link links (also called quick links to screw, not shown). It is also possible to provide a polyurethane loop intermediate between the end of the loops 21 and the quick-connect links, to limit the wear of the loops 21.
  • the side edges of the front face of the filter bag 2 are directly attached by quick-connect links 26 to the respective chains 14a, 14b.
  • the upper edge 2a of the front face of the filter bag 2 is fixed by shackles 27 fixed in through holes 28 formed at regular intervals in the beam 15.
  • the lower edge 2b of the front face of the filter bag 2 is fixed in the following manner. Loops 21, formed at regular intervals on the lower edge 2b of the front face of the filter bag 2, are caused to pass through eyelets 12a formed on the front edge. of the apron 12, then in shackles 29 fixed in holes 30 formed at regular intervals on the beam 9.
  • loops, eyelets, quick-connect links, shackles and holes are not all referenced in the figures, in order to facilitate their reading.
  • a larger mesh net, said sock, not shown, can be added to the filter bag 2, to provide better resistance of the trawl 1 vis-à-vis large loads.
  • this sock net has only one open front face, the four edges of the open front face of the sock net being then fixed in the following manner on the trawl 1.
  • the upper edge is taken in the shackles 27 with the upper edge 2a of the front face of the filter bag 2.
  • the lateral edges are taken in the quick-connect links 26 with the lateral edges of the front face of the filter bag 2.
  • each of the loops 21 of the tip 20 on the lower edge 2b of the front face of the filter bag 2 is passed in a mesh of the lower edge of the front face of the sock net, then in an eyelet 12a of the apron 12 to finally be gripped in a shackle fixed in a hole 30 in the beam 15, in the same way as explained above with reference to the lower edge 2b of the front face of the filter bag 2.
  • the floats 16a, 16b are installed after the introduction of the sock net.
  • the meshes used for the filter bag 2 are as follows: about 4-12 mm for green algae (preferred value: 8 mm), about 8-20 mm for macrodeches suspended in water (preferred value: 10-12 mm), about 2-10 mm for viscous hydrocarbons (preferred value: 4 mm).
  • the inventor has indeed realized that, surprisingly for green algae, green algae did not close a filter bag with a small mesh between 4 and 12 mm, while these same green algae seal a filter bag with a larger mesh. With a reduced mesh, the green algae "roll" inside the filter bag, and do not stick to the walls of the filter bag, allowing a flow of water through the net.
  • the front face of the filter bag has a width of 2.20 m and a height of 0.80 m.
  • the height of the front face of the filter bag 2 is adjustable, via the chains 14a, 14b. It can for example go down to a height of 30 cm.
  • the filter bag 2 extends, in the preferred embodiment, a length of 2 m to the rear of the trawl 1, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the front face of the filter bag 2.
  • the apron 12 is extends in the same direction over a length of about 2, 20 m, slightly beyond the length of the filter bag 2, allowing to spread below the entire bottom face of the filter bag
  • the trawl of the invention is used with an amphibious boat 32, the amphibious boat 32 allowing not only to use the trawl in deep water, but also in shallow waters, for example on the edges of beaches, the boat having wheels him allowing you to drive when there is not enough water to float out of the water.
  • the trawl 1 is launched by means of a crane 33 carried by the boat 32, a fune 34 connecting the crane 33 to the trawl 1.
  • the difference in buoyancy between the chains and the floats allows the launching that the trawl 1 is placed horizontally on the water, then, because it is weighted by the chains, it immediately flows to the seafloor 35, as shown in Figure 5.
  • the trawl begins to open from a certain height of water, such as 20cm, its upper part starting to float away from the bottom and then as indicated falls to the bottom.
  • the boat 32 then advances and tows the trawl 1 on the seabed 35, the trawl 1 collecting green algae 36 (in the example shown) layered on the seabed 35 (Figure 7).
  • the green algae 36 are then placed in tanks 37 specially arranged on the boat 32.
  • a zipper 31 is provided on the face of the filter bag opposite the front face, in order to easily empty the contents of the filter bag into the tanks 37.
  • the speed of movement of the boat 32 is very slow, about 1 knot, which allows the fish trapped in the filter bag of the trawl 1 to have time to get out before the trawl has returned to the surface, and thus limit the number of fish caught by the trawl 1.
  • a single boat 32 can pull a trawl, two trawls or three trawls according to the invention. It is also possible to have two amphibious boats that pull a single trawl, like an ox trawl.
  • a method for collecting products of the green algae, hydrocarbons and macro-debris type present in the water can be implemented with the trawl of the invention, comprising the steps of launching the trawl, pulling the trawl on a seabed, preferably with an amphibious boat, raising the trawl full on the traction device, and collecting the collected products.
  • the same reference numerals designate the components of the trawl 1, which are identical to those of the trawl 1, and the additional components of the trawl 1, which consist of two arms 40a, 40b of divergent shape, will now be described. to form an entry guide for the floating articles towards the opening of the trawl 1 '.
  • Each arm 40a, 40b comprises an inflatable bead 41a, 41b connected to the respective bead 16a, 16b by means of a removable connection, such as a hinge-type articulated connection.
  • connection 46a or 46b may consist of two elements integral with one arm 40a, 40b respectively, the other of the coil 16a, 16b respectively, and assembled to each other via a removable shaft allowing rapid separation between the arm 40a, 40b and the rest of the trawl.
  • this hinge-type connection makes it possible to vary at will the angle formed between the arm 40a, 40b so as to open more or less the funnel formed by said arms and to facilitate the separation of the arm 40a, 40b, the simple removal of the axis and the link of the weight chains 44a and 44b with the pads 10a and 10b allowing such separation.
  • Each inflatable bead 41a, 41b carries, at its free end, a pull fitting 42a, 42b respectively connected to the boat by a pulling end or cable 47a, 47b respectively, and is provided, along its generatrix, with a skirt 43a, 43b respectively weighted by a lower ballast chain 44a, 44b respectively.
  • Each ballast chain 44a, 44b is connected to the lower border region of the associated skirt by fast links passing through eyelets of the skirt.
  • ballast chain 44a, 44b stops in the vicinity of the associated pad 10a, 10b where it is connected.
  • the trawl is put into the water, the inflatable tubes 41a, 41b being connected, at the fittings 42a, 42b, by the traction tips 47a, 47b to the boat 32.
  • the buoyancy of the floats 16a and 16b and the difference in buoyancy between the upper transverse bars 4 and lower 3 allows, as indicated above for the previous embodiment, the opening of the trawl .
  • the slack 34 is then given slack by means of a winch (not shown) mounted on the crane 33 while advancing the boat 32 until that the traction tips 47a, 47b are stretched.
  • the trawl begins to unfold.
  • the boat 32 tows in this embodiment the trawl through the traction ends 47a, 47b and not through the drawbar and lifting 5 as in the first embodiment.
  • the traction of the boat 32 on the traction tips 47a, 47b causes a slight separation thereof when the trawl is towed, thus guiding the pollutant elements on the surface towards the inside of the trawl, 34 remaining unstretched during the towing operation of the trawl by the boat 32.
  • the trawl is filled, it is pulled through the winch of the crane 3 on the fune 34, to raise the trawl in the boat 32, similar to what was presented for the first mode of realization, then the trawl is emptied through the zipper 31, the traction ends being then not stretched, as shown in Figure 15.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a trawl (1) for collecting materials such as green algae, hydrocarbons, and other large waste polluting the sea or a river, comprising a filtering bag (2) for confining said materials, said bag (2) comprising an opening means (3, 4) allowing the bag to open once placed in the water with a front opening located in a plane perpendicular to the water surface, and a means for pulling and raising (5) the bag (2) loaded with collected materials, which is connected to said opening means (3, 4) and comprises a member for linking to at least one warp (8) of a crane mounted on a trawler boat (1).

Description

CHALUT POUR LA COLLECTE DE PRODUITS DE TYPE ALGUES VERTES, HYDROCARBURES ET AUTRES MACRODECHETS La présente invention concerne un chalut de dépollution, permettant de collecter des produits de type algues vertes, hydrocarbures et/ou autres macrodéchets présents dans l'eau, aussi bien dans la mer que dans des rivières ou des cours d'eaux. The present invention relates to a depollution trawl for collecting products of the green algae, hydrocarbon and / or other macrodechet type present in water, both in the water and in the water, as well as in the water and seaweed. sea only in rivers or streams.
Les polluants de la mer et des cours d'eaux sont nombreux à l'heure actuelle, et mettent en danger la vie aquatique. Il est donc nécessaire de collecter, lorsque cela est possible, ces polluants.  The pollutants of the sea and water courses are numerous at present, and endanger the aquatic life. It is therefore necessary to collect, where possible, these pollutants.
Un exemple de polluants qui peuvent être collectés sont les macrodéchets en suspension dans l'eau, notamment de type plastique, qui constituent d'abord une nuisance pour la vie aquatique d'une manière générale, mais aussi une nuisance esthétique, notamment lorsqu'ils sont en suspension dans l'eau près des côtes.  An example of pollutants that can be collected are macrodechts suspended in water, especially of the plastic type, which are first of all a nuisance for aquatic life in general, but also an aesthetic nuisance, especially when are suspended in the water near the coast.
Un autre exemple de polluants qui peuvent être collectés sont les hydrocarbures, issus de dégazages ou de marées noires. Ces produits visqueux peuvent, du fait de leur consistance et de leur différence de densité par rapport à l'eau de mer, être collectés.  Another example of pollutants that can be collected are hydrocarbons from degassing or oil spills. These viscous products may, due to their consistency and their difference in density relative to seawater, be collected.
Un dernier exemple de produits qui constituent une nuisance pour la vie aquatique, et qu'il est nécessaire de collecter, sont les algues vertes. Ces algues vertes prolifèrent près des côtes, où les eaux sont plus chaudes et riches en nitrates issus de l'agriculture, et se développent sur une couche d'environ 50-60 cm sur le fond. Dans ces conditions favorables, ces algues vertes prolifèrent à une vitesse importante (10 à 12 % en volume chaque jour), consommant une grande partie de l'oxygène dans l'eau au détriment des autres organismes aquatiques qui disparaissent alors des côtes. De plus, avec les marées les algues vertes sont rejetées sur les côtes ou les plages, où elles pourrissent et constituent une pollution visuelle et souvent olfactive. Il est alors nécessaire de les collecter sur ces côtes et ces plages, notamment avec des engins de chantier, ce qui constitue une opération coûteuse et qui est susceptible de détériorer les paysages des côtes et des plages. La localisation de ces algues vertes, près des côtes et sur une couche de 50-60 cm d'épaisseur à partir du fond, rend leur collecte particulièrement difficile, en particulier à faible profondeur en raison des vagues. A final example of products that are a nuisance to aquatic life, and that it is necessary to collect, are green algae. These green algae proliferate near the coast, where the waters are warmer and rich in nitrates from agriculture, and grow on a layer of about 50-60 cm on the bottom. Under these favorable conditions, these green algae proliferate at a high speed (10 to 12% by volume each day), consuming a large part of the oxygen in water at the expense of other aquatic organisms that then disappear from the coast. In addition, with the tides the green algae are rejected on the coasts or beaches, where they rot and constitute a visual pollution and often olfactory. It is then necessary to collect them on these coasts and beaches, especially with construction equipment, which is an expensive operation and is likely to deteriorate the landscape of coastlines and beaches. The location of these green algae, near the coast and on a layer 50-60 cm thick from the bottom, makes their collection particularly difficult, especially at shallow depths due to the waves.
Il existe donc un besoin pour un dispositif permettant de collecter tous ces produits d'une manière efficace, aussi bien près des côtes qu'en mer, avec un minimum d'impact sur la vie aquatique.  There is therefore a need for a device to collect all these products in an efficient way, both near the coast and at sea, with a minimum impact on aquatic life.
Le brevet européen EP 1 570 131 décrit un dispositif de ramassage de déchets ou autres produits flottants à la surface de la mer ou d'une rivière, ce dispositif étant destiné à être tracté par un ou deux bateaux. Ce dispositif se compose d'une poche filtrante de confinement des déchets ou autres et d'une structure sur laquelle la poche est fixée. Selon ce brevet, la poche est fixée de manière séparable sur l'ensemble de sa longueur à ladite structure qui est gonflable, qui forme un U en plan horizontal et à l'intérieur de laquelle la poche est logée. Cette structure gonflable se prolonge, au-delà de l'ouverture de la poche, sous forme de deux bras d'allure divergente pour former un guide d'entrée des articles flottants vers l'ouverture de la poche. Une armature rigide ou gonflable en forme d'arceau est prévue au voisinage de l'ouverture d'entrée de la poche, cette armature est maintenue en position dressée de l'arceau par deux porte- arceaux constitués chacun d'au moins un élément disposé au voisinage de la zone de liaison entre bras et structure gonflable et solidarisé au bras et/ou à la structure gonflable. Chaque porte-arceau sert à recevoir de manière amovible un montant d'arceau, le sommet de l'arceau servant à la fixation, de préférence par l'intermédiaire d'une sangle, d'un bord dit bord supérieur de la poche de confinement . The European patent EP 1 570 131 describes a device for collecting waste or other floating products on the surface of the sea or a river, this device being intended to be towed by one or two boats. This device consists of a filter bag containing waste or other and a structure on which the bag is fixed. According to this patent, the pouch is detachably fastened over its entire length to said structure which is inflatable, which forms a U in a horizontal plane and inside which the pocket is housed. This inflatable structure extends, beyond the opening of the pocket, in the form of two divergent-looking arms to form an inflow guide of the articles to the opening of the pocket. A rigid or inflatable arch-shaped frame is provided in the vicinity of the pocket entrance opening, this frame is maintained in the upright position of the arch by two arch carriers each consisting of at least one element disposed in the vicinity of the connection zone between the arm and the inflatable structure and secured to the arm and / or the inflatable structure. Each arch carrier is used to removably receive a hoop, the top of the hoop for fixing, preferably via a strap, an edge said upper edge of the containment pocket .
Ce dispositif connu présente les inconvénients, d'une part, que le montage dudit arceau est relativement compliqué, et, d'autre part, que les manœuvres à effectuer en mer, avec des conditions de vent ou de mer pas toujours favorables, pour préparer le dispositif chargé de déchets ou autres à sortir de l'eau et pour en assurer le relevage par une grue montée sur le bateau, s'avèrent également relativement compliquées.  This known device has the drawbacks, on the one hand, that the mounting of said arch is relatively complicated, and, secondly, that the maneuvers to be performed at sea, with wind or sea conditions not always favorable, to prepare the device loaded with waste or other out of the water and to ensure the lifting by a crane mounted on the boat, are also relatively complicated.
Le présent inventeur a recherché une solution à ces inconvénients afin de présenter un chalut, utilisable près des côtes ou en mer, permettant de collecter des produits de type algues vertes, hydrocarbures ou macrodéchets en suspension dans l'eau (notamment entre deux eaux, c'est-à-dire entre la surface et le fond), aussi bien en eaux peu profondes qu'en eaux profondes, ayant un impact aussi faible que possible sur la vie aquatique, et également en surface.  The present inventor has sought a solution to these drawbacks in order to present a trawl, usable near the coast or at sea, for collecting products of the green algae, hydrocarbons or macrodeches type suspended in water (especially between two waters, c that is, between the surface and the bottom), both in shallow and deep waters, having as little impact as possible on aquatic life, and also on the surface.
La présente invention a donc pour objet un chalut pour la collecte de produits de type algues vertes, hydrocarbures et autres macrodéchets, polluant la mer ou une rivière, comportant une poche filtrante de confinement desdits produits, ladite poche comportant des moyens d'ouverture lui permettant de s'ouvrir une fois mise à l'eau avec une ouverture avant se situant dans un plan perpendiculaire à la surface de l'eau, et des moyens de traction et de relevage de la poche chargée de produits collectés, reliés auxdits moyens d'ouverture et comportant un organe de liaison à au moins une fune d'une grue ou d'un mât de levage monté sur un bateau de traction de chalut. The subject of the present invention is therefore a trawl for the collection of products of the green algae, hydrocarbons and other macro-waste type, polluting the sea or a river, comprising a filter bag for confining said products, said bag having opening means enabling it to to open once launched with a front opening located in a plane perpendicular to the surface of the water, and means for pulling and lifting the bag loaded with collected products, connected to said opening means and having a connecting member to at least one fune of a crane or a lift mast mounted on a trawl towing boat.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'ouverture de la poche peut être délimitée en partie supérieure par une poutre horizontale supérieure et en partie inférieure par un élément de maintien de largeur d'ouverture inférieur, à flottabilité négative, et les moyens de traction et de relevage de la poche chargée de produits collectés consistent en une barre de traction et relevage reliée à chacune de ses extrémités par un système de fils en patte d'oie à la fois à la poutre horizontale supérieure et à l'élément de maintien de largeur d'ouverture inférieur et portant, en son centre, un point de liaison à la fune de grue ou mât de levage.  According to one embodiment, the opening of the bag may be delimited in the upper part by an upper horizontal beam and in the lower part by a holding element of lower opening width, negative buoyancy, and the traction means and lifting of the bag loaded with collected products consist of a drawbar and lifting connected at each end by a system of crow's feet son both at the upper horizontal beam and the element of maintenance of width of d lower opening and carrying, in its center, a connection point to the crane or hoist mast.
La flottabilité d'un objet dans un liquide est la poussée verticale, dirigée de bas en haut, qu'un fluide exerce sur cet objet immergé. Un objet à flottabilité négative dans un liquide donné est un objet dont le poids réel est supérieur à la poussée d'Archimède qui s'exerce dans le liquide sur cet objet.  The buoyancy of an object in a liquid is the vertical thrust, directed upwards, that a fluid exerts on this immersed object. An object with negative buoyancy in a given liquid is an object whose actual weight is greater than the buoyancy force that is exerted in the liquid on this object.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la poutre horizontale supérieure et l'élément de maintien de largeur d'ouverture inférieur sont reliés à leurs extrémités en regard par des chaînes de réglage de la hauteur de 1 ' ouverture .  According to one embodiment, the upper horizontal beam and the lower opening width holding member are connected at their opposite ends by height adjustment chains of the opening.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la poutre horizontale supérieure présente une flottabilité supérieure à celle de l'élément de maintien de largeur d'ouverture inférieur . Selon un mode de réalisation, la poutre horizontale supérieure consiste en une barre creuse fermée à ses deux extrémités et l'élément de maintien de largeur d'ouverture inférieur consiste en une barre creuse ouverte à ses deux extrémités ou en une chaîne ou en un élément longitudinal de lest supportant une traction à chaque extrémité sans déformation de longueur. According to one embodiment, the upper horizontal beam has a greater buoyancy than the lower opening width holding member. According to one embodiment, the upper horizontal beam consists of a hollow bar closed at both ends and the lower opening width holding member consists of a hollow bar open at both ends or in a chain or element. longitudinal ballast carrying a pull at each end without deformation of length.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la poche a la forme d'un parallélépipède rectangle ouvert à sa face avant, la poutre horizontale supérieure et l'élément de maintien de largeur d'ouverture inférieur étant fixés le long des bordures des faces horizontales respectivement supérieure et inférieure de la poche.  According to one embodiment, the pocket has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped open at its front face, the upper horizontal beam and the lower opening width holding element being fixed along the edges of the respectively higher horizontal faces and lower part of the pocket.
Selon un mode de réalisation, au moins un flotteur est disposé à la partie supérieure de la poche flottante .  According to one embodiment, at least one float is disposed at the upper part of the floating bag.
Selon un mode de réalisation, un boudin flotteur est disposé le long de chaque bordure supérieure de la poche, extérieurement à celle-ci, et apte à être relié au bord correspondant de la poche horizontale supérieure.  According to one embodiment, a float rod is disposed along each upper edge of the pocket, externally thereto, and adapted to be connected to the corresponding edge of the upper horizontal pocket.
Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque boudin flotteur est monté le long de la poche par un dispositif à aiguille et à maillons rapides.  According to one embodiment, each float rod is mounted along the pocket by a needle device and quick links.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la poche filtrante comporte, dans sa face arrière, une fermeture de type fermeture à glissière, destinée à être ouverte en position relevée du chalut pour l'évacuation des produits polluants collectés .  According to one embodiment, the filter bag has, in its rear face, a zipper-type closure, intended to be opened in the raised position of the trawl for the evacuation of pollutants collected.
Selon un mode de réalisation, un filet anti- retour est disposé dans la région avant de la poche filtrante .  According to one embodiment, a non-return thread is disposed in the front region of the filter bag.
Selon un mode de réalisation, un filet chaussette de renforcement est enfilé sur la poche filtrante proprement dite en vue de la collecte de produits polluants lourds . According to one embodiment, a reinforcement sock net is threaded onto the filter bag proper for the collection of heavy pollutants.
La face avant est la face de la poche filtrante à l'avant dans le sens de déplacement en utilisation du chalut .  The front face is the face of the filter bag at the front in the direction of travel in use of the trawl.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, dans un chalut destiné à permettre la collecte des produits dans le fond de la mer, l'élément de maintien de largeur d'ouverture inférieur est une poutre horizontale dite inférieure, et comporte, dans la partie inférieure de la poche filtrante, un lest se présentant sous la forme de chaînes, apte à compenser la flottabilité de la poutre horizontale supérieure et des boudins flotteurs.  According to a particular embodiment, in a trawl intended to allow the collection of products in the seabed, the lower opening width holding element is a so-called lower horizontal beam, and comprises, in the lower part of the filter bag, a ballast in the form of chains, adapted to compensate for the buoyancy of the upper horizontal beam and the float tubes.
Un tablier plat peut être fixé à la poutre horizontale inférieure et s'étendre sous toute la poche filtrante .  A flat apron can be attached to the lower horizontal beam and extend under the entire filter bag.
Le chalut peut comprendre en outre deux patins avant se recourbant vers le haut à leurs extrémités libres, fixés chacun à une extrémité de la poutre horizontale inférieure, perpendiculairement à celle-ci, les chaînes de lest étant fixées auxdits patins.  The trawl may further comprise two front pads curving upwards at their free ends, each attached to one end of the lower horizontal beam, perpendicular to it, the weight chains being fixed to said pads.
Les patins permettent au chalut de se déplacer sur le fond marin, avec une surface de contact avec le fond marin limitée à la surface des patins, ce qui permet de ne pas râcler le fond sur toute la largeur du chalut. Leur partie avant recourbée permet de facilement passer des obstacles sur le fond marin.  The pads allow the trawl to move on the seabed, with a contact surface with the seabed limited to the surface of the pads, which makes it possible not to scrape the bottom over the entire width of the trawl. Their curved front part makes it easy to pass obstacles on the seabed.
Un seuil incliné peut être fixé à l'avant vers le bas du chalut, le long de la poutre horizontale inférieure. Le bord du seuil peut notamment se situer à environ 10 mm du plan inférieur des patins. Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, dans un chalut destiné à permettre la collecte des produits à la surface de l'eau, l'élément de maintien de largeur d'ouverture inférieur est une chaîne ou un élément longitudinal de lest supportant une traction à chaque extrémité sans déformation de longueur et le chalut ne comporte pas de lest à sa partie inférieure. An inclined sill may be attached to the bow of the trawl along the lower horizontal beam. The edge of the threshold may in particular be at about 10 mm from the lower plane of the pads. According to a particular embodiment, in a trawl intended to allow the collection of the products on the surface of the water, the lower opening width holding element is a chain or a longitudinal ballast element supporting a traction at each end without deformation of length and the trawl has no ballast at its lower part.
Le chalut peut comporter à l'avant deux bras de guidage des produits flottants vers l'ouverture d'entrée de la poche filtrante, lesdits bras s 'ouvrant vers l'extérieur et étant reliés par leurs extrémités libres au bateau par des bouts de traction.  The trawl may comprise at the front two floating products guiding arms to the inlet opening of the filter bag, said arms opening outwards and being connected by their free ends to the boat by traction tips. .
Chaque bras peut être constitué par un boudin gonflable articulé à l'une de ses extrémités à l'extrémité supérieure de la poche filtrante et muni, à sa base d'une jupe lestée.  Each arm may be constituted by an inflatable ring articulated at one of its ends to the upper end of the filter bag and provided at its base with a weighted skirt.
Chaque bras peut être articulé à un boudin flotteur de la poche filtrante.  Each arm can be articulated to a float flange of the filter bag.
Le filet anti-retour est facultatif, et le chalut de l'invention peut également être utilisé efficacement sans filet anti-retour.  The non-return net is optional, and the trawl of the invention can also be used effectively without a back-up net.
De préférence, le bateau tracteur est un bateau amphibie, ayant des roues lui permettant de rouler hors de 1 'eau .  Preferably, the towing boat is an amphibious boat, having wheels allowing it to roll out of the water.
Selon une caractéristique préférée, le maillage de la poche filtrante est compris entre 4 et 12 mm.  According to a preferred characteristic, the mesh of the filter bag is between 4 and 12 mm.
Un filet à maillage plus important que la poche filtrante peut être ajouté sur le chalut, pour le renforcer, notamment lors de la collecte de charges importantes.  A mesh net larger than the filter bag can be added to the trawl, to strengthen it, especially when collecting large loads.
Pour mieux illustrer l'objet de la présente invention, on va en décrire ci-après, à titre indicatif et non limitatif, deux modes de réalisation particuliers avec référence au dessin annexé To better illustrate the object of the present invention, we will describe below, as a guide and non-limiting, two particular embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing
Sur ce dessin : - la Figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un chalut conforme à un premier mode de réalisation, dit chalut de fond marin ; la Figure 2 est une vue de dessus du chalut de fond marin de la Figure 1 ; la Figure 3 est une vue de côté du chalut de fond marin de la Figure 1 ; - la Figure 4 est une vue de face du chalut de fond marin de la Figure 1 ; les Figures 5 à 7 sont des vues schématiques du chalut de fond marin de la Figure 1, en utilisation en mer tracté par un bateau amphibie, respectivement après sa mise à l'eau en position de collecte des produits de type algues vertes (Figure 5), en remontée après avoir collecté des produits de type algues vertes (Figure 6) et en position de vidage sur le bateau de la pollution pêchée (Figure 7) ; la Figure 8 est une vue en perspective d'un chalut conforme à un second mode de réalisation, dit chalut de surface ; la Figure 9 est une vue de dessus du chalut de surface de la Figure 8 ; la Figure 10 est une vue de côté du chalut de surface de la Figure 8 ; la Figure 11 est une vue de face du chalut de surface de la Figure 8 ; les Figures 12 et 13 sont des vues respectivement de côté et de dessus du chalut de surface de la Figure 8, en utilisation en mer, tracté par un bateau amphibie, en position de collecte des produits à la surface de l'eau ; et les Figures 14 et 15 sont des vues respectivement de côté et de dessus en position de vidage sur le bateau de la pollution pêchée. In this drawing: - Figure 1 is a perspective view of a trawl according to a first embodiment, said bottom trawl; Figure 2 is a top view of the seabed trawl of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a side view of the seabed trawl of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a front view of the seabed trawl of Figure 1; Figures 5 to 7 are schematic views of the seabed trawl of Figure 1, in use at sea drawn by an amphibious boat, respectively after its launch in the collection position of the green algae type products (Figure 5 ), in recovery after having collected products of green algae type (Figure 6) and in emptying position on the boat of the pollution caught (Figure 7); Figure 8 is a perspective view of a trawl according to a second embodiment, said surface trawl; Figure 9 is a top view of the surface trawl of Figure 8; Figure 10 is a side view of the surface trawl of Figure 8; Figure 11 is a front view of the surface trawl of Figure 8; Figures 12 and 13 are respectively side and top views of the surface trawl of Figure 8, in use at sea, towed by an amphibious boat, collecting position of the products on the surface of the water; and Figures 14 and 15 are respectively side and top views in emptying position on the boat of the pollution caught.
On va maintenant décrire en détail le chalut de fond marin selon l'invention, avec référence aux Figures 1 à 4. The seabed trawl according to the invention will now be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
Le chalut 1 selon l'invention est constitué principalement d'une poche filtrante 2, se déplaçant en utilisation dans la direction indiquée par la flèche f sur la Figure 1.  The trawl 1 according to the invention consists mainly of a filter bag 2, moving in use in the direction indicated by the arrow f in FIG.
La poche filtrante 2 est un filet dont le maillage sera précisé plus en détail ci-après. La poche filtrante 2 est sensiblement de forme parallélépipédique rectangle (contrairement aux chaluts classiques en forme d'entonnoir), et seule la face avant de la poche filtrante 2, dans le sens de déplacement du chalut 1, est ouverte, les autres faces de la poche filtrante 2 étant constituées par le filet.  The filter bag 2 is a net whose mesh will be specified in more detail below. The filter bag 2 is substantially of rectangular parallelepipedal shape (unlike traditional funnel-shaped trawls), and only the front face of the filter bag 2, in the direction of movement of the trawl 1, is open, the other faces of the filter bag 2 being constituted by the net.
La poche filtrante 2 est fixée par les bords supérieur et inférieur 2a et 2b de sa face avant (Figure 3) à un système de traction, comportant une barre transversale inférieure 3, une barre transversale supérieure 4 et une barre transversale de traction et de relevage 5. Les barres transversales inférieure 3, supérieure 4 et de traction et relevage 5 ont la même longueur, laquelle correspond à la largeur de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2. The filter bag 2 is fixed by the upper and lower edges 2a and 2b of its front face (Figure 3). to a traction system, comprising a lower transverse bar 3, an upper transverse bar 4 and a transverse bar for traction and lifting 5. The lower transverse bars 3, 4 and the upper traction and lifting 5 have the same length, which corresponds to the width of the front face of the filter bag 2.
Les barres transversales supérieure 4 et de traction 5 sont creuses et fermées de manière étanche à chaque extrémité, soit par soudure d'une pièce métallique, soit par des bouchons étanches. Elles sont donc flottantes et réalisées, par exemple, en aluminium.  The upper transverse bars 4 and traction 5 are hollow and sealingly closed at each end, either by welding a metal part, or by sealing plugs. They are therefore floating and made, for example, of aluminum.
La barre transversale inférieure 3 est également creuse, mais est ouverte à ses deux extrémités, ce qui lui permet, lorsque le système de traction est introduit dans l'eau, de se remplir d'eau et d'être plus lourde que les barres transversales supérieure 4 et de traction 5, et d'entraîner naturellement le système de traction vers le fond .  The lower transverse bar 3 is also hollow, but is open at both ends, which enables it, when the traction system is introduced into the water, to be filled with water and to be heavier than the transverse bars. upper 4 and 5 traction, and naturally drive the traction system to the bottom.
Ainsi, les barres transversales supérieure 4 et de traction 5 ont une différence de flottabilité d'environ 60% avec la barre transversale inférieure 3.  Thus, the upper transverse bars 4 and traction 5 have a buoyancy difference of about 60% with the lower transverse bar 3.
Les barres transversales inférieure 3, supérieure 4 et de traction 5 portent à chaque extrémité des attaches, respectivement 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, en forme d'oreille, fixées à la barre transversale respective.  The lower transverse bars 3, 4 upper and 5 carry at each end of the fasteners, respectively 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, ear-shaped, attached to the respective transverse bar.
Les barres transversales inférieure 3 et supérieure 4 sont reliées chacune à la barre transversale de traction 5 par des cordages 6a, 6b et 7a, 7b : les cordages 6a, 6b relient les attaches 4a, 4b de la barre transversale supérieure 4 aux attaches 5a, 5b de la barre transversale de traction 5, tandis que les cordages 7a, 7b relient les attaches 3a, 3b de la barre transversale inférieure 3 aux attaches 5a, 5b de la barre transversale de traction 5. Une patte d'oie relie donc à chaque extrémité la barre transversale de traction 5 à chaque extrémité respective des barres transversales inférieure 3 et supérieure 4. The lower and upper transverse bars 4 are each connected to the transverse drawbar 5 by means of ropes 6a, 6b and 7a, 7b: the ropes 6a, 6b connect the fasteners 4a, 4b of the upper transverse bar 4 to the fasteners 5a, 5b of the transverse drawbar 5, while the ropes 7a, 7b connect the fasteners 3a, 3b of the lower crossbar 3 to the fasteners 5a, 5b of the crossbar 5. A crowbar therefore connects at each end transverse traction bar 5 at each respective end of the lower cross bars 3 and upper 4.
La barre transversale supérieure 5 est elle-même reliée par un cordage ou fune 8 au bateau (non représenté sur les Figures 1 à 4) tractant le chalut de fond marin 1.  The upper transverse bar 5 is itself connected by a rope or fune 8 to the boat (not shown in Figures 1 to 4) pulling the bottom trawl 1.
La barre transversale inférieure 3 porte une poutre 9 (Figure 3), sur laquelle est fixé le bord inférieur 2b de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2, suivant un mode de fixation décrit plus en détail ci-après.  The lower crossbar 3 carries a beam 9 (Figure 3), on which is fixed the lower edge 2b of the front face of the filter bag 2, according to a method of attachment described in more detail below.
La barre transversale inférieure 3 repose à chaque extrémité sur des patins, respectivement 10a, 10b, présentant une extrémité avant courbée vers le haut. Les patins 10a, 10b sont destinés à reposer sur le fond marin en utilisation. L'extrémité avant de chaque patin 10a, 10b, dans le sens de déplacement du chalut 1, s'étend en avant de la barre transversale inférieure 3, tandis que l'extrémité arrière s'étend vers l'arrière du chalut 1 de l'invention, dans le sens de déplacement du chalut 1, au- delà de la fixation du bord inférieur 2b de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2.  The lower transverse bar 3 rests at each end on pads, respectively 10a, 10b, having an upward curved front end. The pads 10a, 10b are intended to rest on the seabed in use. The front end of each pad 10a, 10b, in the direction of movement of the trawl 1, extends forward of the lower transverse bar 3, while the rear end extends towards the rear of the trawl 1 of the invention, in the direction of movement of the trawl 1, beyond the fixing of the lower edge 2b of the front face of the filter bag 2.
L'extrémité arrière de chaque patin 10a, 10b porte un anneau, respectivement lOal, lObl, dans lequel est fixée une chaîne, respectivement lia, 11b, s 'étendant dans la direction de déplacement du chalut 1 vers l'arrière du chalut 1, perpendiculairement à la face avant de la poche filtrante 2.  The rear end of each pad 10a, 10b carries a ring, respectively lOal, lObl, in which is fixed a chain, respectively 11a, 11b, extending in the direction of movement of the trawl 1 to the rear of the trawl 1, perpendicular to the front of the filter bag 2.
Les chaînes lia, 11b sont reliées aux bords inférieurs longitudinaux correspondants de la poche filtrante 2 s 'étendant perpendiculairement à la face avant de la poche filtrante 2, comme cela est représenté sur les Figures 1 et 3, un maillon sur deux des chaînes lia, 11b étant relié au bord inférieur longitudinal respectif de la poche filtrante 2. The chains 11a, 11b are connected to the corresponding longitudinal bottom edges of the filter bag 2 extending perpendicularly to the front face of the filter bag 2, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, one link on two of the chains 11a, 11b being connected to the respective lower longitudinal edge of the filter bag 2.
Les chaînes lia, 11b constituent un lest pour la partie inférieure de la poche filtrante 2.  The chains 11a, 11b form a ballast for the lower part of the filter bag 2.
Un tablier 12, sous la forme d'une nappe en matière plastique, de préférence en polyuréthane double enduction, est fixé par son bord avant à la poutre 9, d'une manière qui sera décrite plus en détail ci-après, et s'étend sous la poche filtrante 2, les chaînes lia, 11b reposant sur la face supérieure du tablier 12, tandis que la face inférieure du tablier 12 est en contact, en utilisation, avec le fond marin.  An apron 12, in the form of a sheet of plastic material, preferably double-coated polyurethane, is fixed by its front edge to the beam 9, in a manner to be described in more detail below, and extends under the filter bag 2, the chains 11a, 11b resting on the upper face of the deck 12, while the underside of the deck 12 is in contact, in use, with the seabed.
Il est à noter que le tablier 12 est uniquement fixé à la poutre 9 par son bord avant, le tablier 12 n'étant sinon fixé à aucun autre élément du chalut 1.  It should be noted that the deck 12 is only fixed to the beam 9 by its front edge, the deck 12 not being fixed to any other element of the trawl 1.
Ce tablier 12 permet avantageusement, lorsque le chalut 1 selon l'invention est utilisé sur des fonds marins, de ne pas charrier trop de sable dans la poche filtrante 2 lors du déplacement du chalut 1. En effet, le déplacement du chalut 1 sur le fond marin provoque un déplacement de sable et des tourbillons de sable qui peuvent amener du sable dans la poche filtrante 2. Avec le tablier 12, le sable tourbillonne en arrière du chalut 1, ce qui permet de ne pas incorporer trop de sable dans le chalut 1.  This apron 12 advantageously allows, when the trawl 1 according to the invention is used on the seabed, not to carry too much sand in the filter bag 2 during the movement of the trawl 1. Indeed, the movement of the trawl 1 on the seabed causes sand and sand swirls to move sand into the filter bag 2. With deck 12, the sand whirls behind trawl 1, so that too much sand is not incorporated into the trawl 1.
Le tablier 12 permet également de ne pas perturber les poissons plats, les alevins et petites crevettes reposant sur les fonds marins lors du passage du chalut 1.  The apron 12 also makes it possible not to disturb the flat fish, the fry and small shrimp resting on the seabed during the passage of the trawl 1.
Enfin, à titre accessoire, le tablier 12 permet de protéger la poche filtrante 2 d'éventuels points d'accrochage dans le fonds marin, qui pourraient détériorer la poche filtrante 2. Un seuil 13 est disposé entre les deux patins 10a, 10b, le seuil 13 prenant la forme d'une plaque inclinée, reposant sur la barre transversale inférieure 3, en y étant soudé et s 'étendant depuis la barre transversale inférieure 3 vers l'avant du chalut 1. La largeur du seuil 13 correspond à l'écartement des patins 10a, 10b. Finally, as an accessory, the apron 12 protects the filter bag 2 possible attachment points in the seabed, which could deteriorate the filter bag 2. A threshold 13 is disposed between the two pads 10a, 10b, the threshold 13 taking the form of an inclined plate, resting on the lower transverse bar 3, being welded and extending from the lower transverse bar 3 to the Before the trawl 1. The width of the threshold 13 corresponds to the spacing of the pads 10a, 10b.
Le seuil 13 a des dimensions telles que son bord avant est à une distance d'environ 10 mm des faces inférieures des patins 10a, 10b, c'est-à-dire à environ 10 mm du fond marin sur lequel est déplacé le chalut 1.  The threshold 13 has dimensions such that its front edge is at a distance of about 10 mm from the lower faces of the pads 10a, 10b, that is to say about 10 mm from the seabed on which is moved the trawl 1 .
Cet espace de 10 mm permet de ne pas blesser/de recueillir des poissons plats ou autres organismes vivant sur le fond marin. En effet, l'objectif de ce chalut est de recueillir un maximum de produits de type algues vertes tout en recueillant le minimum d'organismes vivants.  This space of 10 mm makes it possible not to hurt / collect flatfish or other organisms living on the seabed. Indeed, the objective of this trawl is to collect a maximum of green algae type products while collecting the minimum of living organisms.
Avantageusement, le bord avant du seuil 13 pourra être arrondi, pour garantir que les poissons plats et autres organismes vivant sur les fonds marins ne seront pas blessés par le bord avant du seuil 13.  Advantageously, the front edge of the threshold 13 may be rounded, to ensure that the flatfish and other organisms living on the seabed will not be injured by the leading edge of the threshold 13.
Le seuil 13 permet de recueillir le maximum de produits de type algues vertes/hydrocarbures/macrodéchets présents dans l'eau en avant du chalut 3.  Threshold 13 is used to collect the maximum amount of green algae / hydrocarbons / macro-deposition products present in the water in front of the trawl 3.
La barre transversale inférieure 3 est reliée à ses deux extrémités aux extrémités correspondantes de la barre transversale supérieure 4 par des chaînes, respectivement 14a, 14b, dont les extrémités sont fixées à des manilles, respectivement 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b, fixées aux extrémités des poutres, respectivement 9 et 15. (La manille 18b est cachée à la vue sur le dessin) . De manière identique à la poutre 9 portée par la barre transversale inférieure 3, la barre transversale supérieure 4 porte en effet une poutre 15, sur laquelle se fixe le bord supérieur 2a de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2, d'une manière décrite plus en détail ci-après. The lower transverse bar 3 is connected at its two ends to the corresponding ends of the upper transverse bar 4 by chains, respectively 14a, 14b, whose ends are fixed to shackles, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b, respectively, fixed at the ends. beams 9 and 15 respectively. (The shackle 18b is hidden from view in the drawing). In the same way as the beam 9 carried by the lower transverse bar 3, the upper transverse bar 4 carries a beam 15 on which the upper edge is fixed. 2a of the front face of the filter bag 2, in a manner described in more detail below.
La fixation des barres transversales inférieure 3 et supérieure 4 par les chaînes 14a, 14b permet avantageusement de pouvoir régler la hauteur d'ouverture de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2. Les bords latéraux de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2 sont fixés à des maillons des chaînes respectives 14a, 14b, d'une manière qui sera décrite plus en détail ci-après. Les chaînes 14a, 14b permettent de régler la hauteur de l'ouverture verticale du chalut.  Fixing the lower and upper transverse bars 4 by the chains 14a, 14b advantageously makes it possible to adjust the opening height of the front face of the filter bag 2. The lateral edges of the front face of the filter bag 2 are fixed. to links of the respective chains 14a, 14b, in a manner to be described in more detail below. The chains 14a, 14b make it possible to adjust the height of the vertical opening of the trawl.
De préférence, les bords latéraux de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2 sont fixés à un maillon sur deux des chaînes respectives 14a, 14b.  Preferably, the side edges of the front face of the filter bag 2 are attached to one link on two of the respective chains 14a, 14b.
Ces chaînes 14a, 14b permettent de maintenir ouverte la face avant de la poche filtrante 2, en maintenant ses deux bords latéraux parallèles.  These chains 14a, 14b make it possible to keep the front face of the filter bag 2 open, while keeping its two parallel lateral edges.
Les barres transversales inférieure 3, supérieure 4, de traction 5, les poutres 9 et 15, le seuil 13 et les patins 10a, 10b sont avantageusement en métal, de préférence léger de type aluminium.  The lower transverse bars 3, upper 4 traction 5, the beams 9 and 15, the threshold 13 and the pads 10a, 10b are preferably metal, preferably light aluminum type.
De préférence, les barres transversales inférieure 3, supérieure 4 et de traction 5 sont des tubes en aluminium de 120 mm de diamètre, avec une épaisseur de 5 mm. Les poutres 9 et 15 sont quant à elles de préférence des plaques allongées d'épaisseur 50 mm, de largeur suffisante pour l'accrochage de manilles, et de même longueur que les barres transversales inférieure 3 et supérieure 4.  Preferably, the lower 3, upper 4 and traction 5 transverse bars are 120 mm diameter aluminum tubes with a thickness of 5 mm. The beams 9 and 15 are preferably elongated plates 50 mm thick, of sufficient width for shackling of shackles, and of the same length as the lower and upper transverse bars 4 and 4.
Contre chacun des deux bords longitudinaux supérieurs de la poche filtrante 2, s 'étendant perpendiculairement à la face avant de la poche filtrante 2, sont fixés de façon latérale des flotteurs, respectivement 16a, 16b, par une fixation qui sera décrite plus en détail ci-après. Against each of the two upper longitudinal edges of the filter bag 2, extending perpendicular to the front face of the filter bag 2, are attached laterally floats, respectively 16a, 16b, by a fixing which will be described in more detail below.
Les flotteurs 16a, 16b sont des boudins remplis d'air ou de mousse expansée, avec une face avant inclinée vers l'arrière du chalut 1 et une extrémité arrière effilée. La face avant inclinée et l'extrémité arrière effilée des flotteurs 16a, 16b permettent d'avoir un meilleur coefficient de pénétration dans l'eau des flotteurs 16a, 16b.  The floats 16a, 16b are flanges filled with air or expanded foam, with a front face inclined towards the rear of the trawl 1 and a tapered rear end. The inclined front face and the tapered rear end of the floats 16a, 16b make it possible to have a better coefficient of penetration into the water of the floats 16a, 16b.
Les flotteurs 16a, 16b sont reliés à la barre supérieure 4 par un dispositif à maillon rapide, chaque bande 22a, 22b (voir ci-après) portant une plaque métallique 22c comportant une oreille de liaison au maillon rapide .  The floats 16a, 16b are connected to the upper bar 4 by a fast link device, each band 22a, 22b (see below) carrying a metal plate 22c having a link lug fast link.
La flottabilité des flotteurs 16a, 16b est légèrement surcompensée par les chaînes de lest lia, 11b.  The floatability of the floats 16a, 16b is slightly overcompensated by the ballast chains 11a, 11b.
La combinaison des flotteurs 16a, 16b disposés latéralement contre les bords longitudinaux supérieurs et des chaînes lia, 11b sur les bords longitudinaux inférieurs de la poche filtrante 2 a plusieurs avantages.  The combination of floats 16a, 16b disposed laterally against the upper longitudinal edges and chains 11a, 11b on the lower longitudinal edges of the filter bag 2 has several advantages.
Elle permet d'abord de maintenir ouverte la face avant de la poche filtrante 2, les flotteurs 16a, 16b tirant les bords supérieurs latéralement et les chaînes lia, 11b tirant les bords inférieurs vers le bas.  It first makes it possible to keep the front face of the filter bag 2 open, the floats 16a, 16b pulling the upper edges laterally and the chains 11a, 11b pulling the lower edges downwards.
Cette configuration permet également d'assurer que le chalut 1, lorsqu'il sera plongé dans l'eau, sera dans le bon sens, avec les bords supérieurs vers le haut et les bords inférieurs vers le bas. Cet effet est accentué par la barre transversale inférieure 3 creuse apte à se remplir d'eau et par la barre transversale supérieure 4, creuse et bouchée à ses deux extrémités, donc toujours remplie d'air. Cette configuration particulière de la flottabilité des flotteurs 16a, 16b tout juste compensée par les chaînes lia, 11b permet enfin un passage sans à- coups du chalut 1 sur des aspérités du fond marin et une filtration optimale dès les premiers mètres du déplacement du chalut 1. This configuration also ensures that the trawl 1, when immersed in water, will be in the right direction, with the upper edges up and the lower edges down. This effect is accentuated by the hollow lower transverse bar 3 able to fill with water and the upper transverse bar 4, hollow and plugged at both ends, so always filled with air. This particular configuration of the buoyancy of the floats 16a, 16b just compensated by the chains 11a, 11b finally allows a smooth passage of the trawl 1 on the asperities of the seabed and optimal filtration from the first meters of the trawl 1 .
L'effet conjugué de la barre transversale inférieure 3 et des chaînes lia, 11b permet en outre d'assurer que le chalut coulera lorsqu'il sera immergé dans l'eau, et renforce le fait que le chalut 1 immergé se trouvera dans le bon sens représenté sur la Figure 1.  The combined effect of the lower transverse bar 3 and the chains 11a, 11b also makes it possible to ensure that the trawl will sink when it is immersed in the water, and reinforces the fact that the submerged trawl 1 will be in the right place. sense shown in Figure 1.
La poche filtrante 2 comprend enfin un filet anti-retour 17 en forme de tronc de pyramide, constitué par quatre pans de filet fixés chacun sur un bord de l'ouverture du chalut 1 et dirigés vers l'intérieur du chalut 1, le filet anti-retour 17 s 'évasant de l'intérieur de la poche filtrante 2 vers les bords de l'ouverture du chalut 1. Est ainsi constituée une seconde ouverture rectangulaire dans la zone d'entrée du chalut, plus petite que l'ouverture du chalut 1 proprement dit.  The filter bag 2 finally comprises a non-return thread 17 in the form of a truncated pyramid, constituted by four sections of net each fixed on one edge of the opening of the trawl 1 and directed towards the inside of the trawl 1, the anti-fillet -For 17 flaring from the inside of the filter bag 2 to the edges of the opening of the trawl 1. A second rectangular opening in the entry area of the trawl, smaller than the opening of the trawl, is thus formed. 1 itself.
Le filet anti-retour pourrait, selon un autre mode de réalisation, être constitué par un seul pan de même largeur que la face avant de la poche filtrante 2, ayant son bord inférieur fixé sur la poutre 9 et s 'étendant incliné vers l'intérieur de la poche filtrante 2, sensiblement selon le même angle que le seuil 13, jusqu'à environ mi-hauteur de la poche filtrante 2. Les bords latéraux du filet anti-retour seraient fixés, par exemple par couture, aux faces latérales de la poche filtrante 2.  The non-return net could, according to another embodiment, be constituted by a single pan of the same width as the front face of the filter bag 2, having its lower edge fixed on the beam 9 and extending inclined towards the inside the filter bag 2, substantially at the same angle as the threshold 13, to about half the height of the filter bag 2. The lateral edges of the non-return net would be fixed, for example by stitching, to the lateral faces of the filter bag 2, the filter bag 2.
Le filet anti-retour 17 permet d'éviter une sortie des produits collectés du chalut 1, les produits collectés ayant tendance à rentrer en partie haute de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2, notamment du fait du seuil incliné 13, et à suivre un flux en boucle dans la poche filtrante 2 lors de l'avancement du chalut 1, qui a tendance à chasser les produits collectés arrivés en partie basse de la poche filtrante 2 en dehors du chalut 1, sans la présence du filet anti-retour 17. The non-return thread 17 makes it possible to avoid an exit of the products collected from the trawl 1, the collected products tending to return to the upper part of the front face of the filter bag 2, in particular because of the inclined threshold 13, and to follow a loop flow in the filter bag 2 during the advancement of the trawl 1, which tends to drive the collected products arrived at the bottom of the filter bag 2 outside the trawl 1 without the presence of the non-return net 17.
La présence du filet anti-retour 17 est cependant facultative .  The presence of the non-return thread 17 is however optional.
On va maintenant décrire la fixation de la poche filtrante 2 aux différents éléments du chalut 1.  We will now describe the attachment of the filter bag 2 to the various elements of the trawl 1.
Un bout 20 parcourt l'intégralité des bords de la poche filtrante 2, le bout 20 présentant à intervalles réguliers des boucles 21, sur les bords de la poche filtrante 2 destinés à être fixés sur des éléments du chalut 1.  One end 20 traverses the entire edges of the filter bag 2, the end 20 having at regular intervals loops 21, on the edges of the filter bag 2 intended to be fixed on the elements of the trawl 1.
Les bords supérieurs longitudinaux de la poche filtrante 2, perpendiculaires au plan de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2, sont, comme on l'a indiqué plus haut, fixés aux flotteurs 16a, 16b.  The longitudinal upper edges of the filter bag 2, perpendicular to the plane of the front face of the filter bag 2, are, as stated above, attached to the floats 16a, 16b.
Chaque flotteur, respectivement 16a, 16b, porte en partie supérieure une bande de tissu enduit, qui est le même tissu que celui constituant l'enveloppe externe des flotteurs 16a, 16b, respectivement 22a, 22b, les bandes de tissus 22a, 22b portant elles-mêmes des œillets 23, à intervalles réguliers, identiques aux intervalles avec lesquels des boucles 21 sont formées sur le bout 20.  Each float, respectively 16a, 16b, carries in the upper part a strip of coated fabric, which is the same fabric as that constituting the outer envelope of the floats 16a, 16b, respectively 22a, 22b, the tissue strips 22a, 22b carrying them. same eyelets 23, at regular intervals, identical to the intervals with which loops 21 are formed on the end 20.
Une aiguille, respectivement 24a, 24b, de longueur sensiblement identique à la longueur du flotteur correspondant, respectivement 16a, 16b, est introduite dans les boucles 21 d'un bord supérieur correspondant de la poche filtrante 2, lesdites boucles étant au préalable chacune passées dans un œillet 23 du flotteur, respectivement 16a, 16b, l'aiguille, respectivement 24a, 24b, étant introduite depuis l'avant vers l'arrière du chalut 1, c'est-à-dire dans le même sens de déplacement du chalut 1 en utilisation, et prenant chaque extrémité de boucle 21 d'un même côté de la bande de tissu, respectivement 22a, 22b. A needle, respectively 24a, 24b, of length substantially identical to the length of the corresponding float, respectively 16a, 16b, is introduced into the loops 21 of a corresponding upper edge of the filter bag 2, said loops being each previously passed through an eyelet 23 of the float, respectively 16a, 16b, the needle, 24a, 24b respectively, being introduced from the front to the rear of the trawl 1, that is to say in the same direction of movement of the trawl 1 in use, and taking each loop end 21 of the same side of the fabric strip, respectively 22a, 22b.
Une tête poignée d'aiguille, respectivement 25a, A needle handle head, respectively 25a,
25b, disposée en position montée vers l'arrière du chalut 1, permet de retirer l'aiguille, respectivement 24a, 24b, en cas de besoin. La tête poignée d'aiguille pourrait également être montée vers l'avant du chalut 1, sans s'écarter de la portée de l'invention. 25b, arranged in rearwardly mounted position of the trawl 1, allows the needle 24a, 24b to be withdrawn, if necessary. The needle grip head could also be mounted forward of the trawl 1 without departing from the scope of the invention.
Les bords inférieurs longitudinaux de la poche filtrante 2 sont fixés de la façon suivante : les boucles 21 du bout 20 formées à intervalles réguliers sur ces bords inférieurs de la poche filtrante 2, sont fixées à la chaîne respective lia, 11b, par exemple par des maillons à attache rapide (aussi appelés maillons rapides à visser, non représentés) . On peut également prévoir en outre un intermédiaire de type boucle de polyuréthane entre l'extrémité des boucles 21 et les maillons à attache rapide, pour limiter l'usure des boucles 21.  The longitudinal lower edges of the filter bag 2 are fixed in the following manner: the loops 21 of the tip 20 formed at regular intervals on these lower edges of the filter bag 2, are fixed to the respective chain 11a, 11b, for example by means of Quick link links (also called quick links to screw, not shown). It is also possible to provide a polyurethane loop intermediate between the end of the loops 21 and the quick-connect links, to limit the wear of the loops 21.
Les bords latéraux de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2 sont fixés directement par des maillons à attache rapide 26 sur les chaînes respectives 14a, 14b.  The side edges of the front face of the filter bag 2 are directly attached by quick-connect links 26 to the respective chains 14a, 14b.
Le bord supérieur 2a de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2 est fixé par des manilles 27 fixées dans des trous traversants 28 formés à intervalles réguliers dans la poutre 15.  The upper edge 2a of the front face of the filter bag 2 is fixed by shackles 27 fixed in through holes 28 formed at regular intervals in the beam 15.
Le bord inférieur 2b de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2 est lui fixé de la façon suivante. Des boucles 21, formées à intervalles réguliers sur le bord inférieur 2b de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2, sont amenées à passer à travers des œillets 12a formés sur le bord avant du tablier 12, puis dans des manilles 29 fixées dans des trous 30 formés à intervalles réguliers sur la poutre 9. The lower edge 2b of the front face of the filter bag 2 is fixed in the following manner. Loops 21, formed at regular intervals on the lower edge 2b of the front face of the filter bag 2, are caused to pass through eyelets 12a formed on the front edge. of the apron 12, then in shackles 29 fixed in holes 30 formed at regular intervals on the beam 9.
Les boucles, œillets, maillons à attache rapide, manilles et trous ne sont pas tous référencés sur les Figures, afin de faciliter la lecture de celles-ci.  The loops, eyelets, quick-connect links, shackles and holes are not all referenced in the figures, in order to facilitate their reading.
Un filet à plus gros maillage, dit chaussette, non représenté, peut être ajouté sur la poche filtrante 2, afin de procurer une meilleure résistance du chalut 1 vis- à-vis de charges importantes. Comme la poche filtrante 2, ce filet chaussette possède uniquement une face avant ouverte, les quatre bords de la face avant ouverte du filet chaussette étant alors fixés de la façon suivante sur le chalut 1. Le bord supérieur est pris dans les manilles 27 avec le bord supérieur 2a de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2. De même, les bords latéraux sont pris dans les maillons à attache rapide 26 avec les bords latéraux de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2. Enfin, le bord inférieur de la face avant du filet chaussette est fixé de la façon suivante : chacune des boucles 21 du bout 20 sur le bord inférieur 2b de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2 est passée dans une maille du bord inférieur de la face avant du filet chaussette, puis dans un œillet 12a du tablier 12 pour enfin être prise dans une manille fixée dans un trou 30 dans la poutre 15, de la même manière que cela a été expliqué ci-dessus en référence avec le bord inférieur 2b de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2.  A larger mesh net, said sock, not shown, can be added to the filter bag 2, to provide better resistance of the trawl 1 vis-à-vis large loads. Like the filter bag 2, this sock net has only one open front face, the four edges of the open front face of the sock net being then fixed in the following manner on the trawl 1. The upper edge is taken in the shackles 27 with the upper edge 2a of the front face of the filter bag 2. Similarly, the lateral edges are taken in the quick-connect links 26 with the lateral edges of the front face of the filter bag 2. Finally, the lower edge of the face Before the sock net is fixed in the following manner: each of the loops 21 of the tip 20 on the lower edge 2b of the front face of the filter bag 2 is passed in a mesh of the lower edge of the front face of the sock net, then in an eyelet 12a of the apron 12 to finally be gripped in a shackle fixed in a hole 30 in the beam 15, in the same way as explained above with reference to the lower edge 2b of the front face of the filter bag 2.
Les flotteurs 16a, 16b sont installés après la mise en place du filet chaussette.  The floats 16a, 16b are installed after the introduction of the sock net.
Les maillages utilisés pour la poche filtrante 2 sont les suivants : environ 4-12 mm pour les algues vertes (valeur préférée : 8 mm) , environ 8-20 mm pour les macrodéchets en suspension dans l'eau (valeur préférée : 10-12 mm) , environ 2-10 mm pour des hydrocarbures visqueux (valeur préférée : 4 mm) . The meshes used for the filter bag 2 are as follows: about 4-12 mm for green algae (preferred value: 8 mm), about 8-20 mm for macrodeches suspended in water (preferred value: 10-12 mm), about 2-10 mm for viscous hydrocarbons (preferred value: 4 mm).
L'inventeur s'est en effet rendu compte que, de manière surprenante pour les algues vertes, les algues vertes n'obturaient pas une poche filtrante avec un petit maillage entre 4 et 12 mm, alors que ces mêmes algues vertes obturent une poche filtrante avec un plus grand maillage. Avec un maillage réduit, les algues vertes « roulent » à l'intérieur de la poche filtrante, et ne se collent pas aux parois de la poche filtrante, permettant une circulation d'eau à travers le filet.  The inventor has indeed realized that, surprisingly for green algae, green algae did not close a filter bag with a small mesh between 4 and 12 mm, while these same green algae seal a filter bag with a larger mesh. With a reduced mesh, the green algae "roll" inside the filter bag, and do not stick to the walls of the filter bag, allowing a flow of water through the net.
On va maintenant décrire l'utilisation du chalut We will now describe the use of the trawl
1 de l'invention, en référence aux Figures 5 à 7. 1 of the invention, with reference to Figures 5 to 7.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, la face avant de la poche filtrante a une largeur de 2,20 m et une hauteur de 0,80 m. Comme indiqué plus haut, la hauteur de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2 est réglable, par l'intermédiaire des chaînes 14a, 14b. On peut par exemple descendre jusqu'à une hauteur de 30 cm. La poche filtrante 2 s'étend, dans le mode de réalisation préféré, sur une longueur de 2 m vers l'arrière du chalut 1, dans la direction perpendiculaire au plan de la face avant de la poche filtrante 2. Le tablier 12 s'étend dans la même direction sur une longueur d'environ 2, 20 m, légèrement au-delà de la longueur de la poche filtrante 2, permettant de s'étaler en dessous de l'intégralité de la face inférieure de la poche filtrante According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the front face of the filter bag has a width of 2.20 m and a height of 0.80 m. As indicated above, the height of the front face of the filter bag 2 is adjustable, via the chains 14a, 14b. It can for example go down to a height of 30 cm. The filter bag 2 extends, in the preferred embodiment, a length of 2 m to the rear of the trawl 1, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the front face of the filter bag 2. The apron 12 is extends in the same direction over a length of about 2, 20 m, slightly beyond the length of the filter bag 2, allowing to spread below the entire bottom face of the filter bag
2. 2.
Sur ces figures, le chalut de l'invention est utilisé avec un bateau amphibie 32, le bateau amphibie 32 permettant non seulement d'utiliser le chalut en eaux profondes, mais aussi en eaux peu profondes, par exemple sur les bords des plages, le bateau ayant des roues lui permettant de rouler quand la hauteur d'eau est insuffisante pour flotter hors de l'eau. In these figures, the trawl of the invention is used with an amphibious boat 32, the amphibious boat 32 allowing not only to use the trawl in deep water, but also in shallow waters, for example on the edges of beaches, the boat having wheels him allowing you to drive when there is not enough water to float out of the water.
Le chalut 1 est mis à l'eau par l'intermédiaire d'une grue 33 portée par le bateau 32, une fune 34 reliant la grue 33 au chalut 1.  The trawl 1 is launched by means of a crane 33 carried by the boat 32, a fune 34 connecting the crane 33 to the trawl 1.
Comme indiqué ci-dessus, la différence de flottabilité entre les chaînes et les flotteurs permet à la mise à l'eau que le chalut 1 se place horizontalement sur l'eau, puis, du fait qu'il est lesté par les chaînes, il coule immédiatement au fond marin 35, comme cela est représenté sur la Figure 5. En particulier, le chalut commence à s'ouvrir à partir d'une certaine hauteur d'eau, telle que 20cm, sa partie supérieure en commençant à flotter se détachant de la partie inférieure, puis comme indiqué tombe au fond.  As indicated above, the difference in buoyancy between the chains and the floats allows the launching that the trawl 1 is placed horizontally on the water, then, because it is weighted by the chains, it immediately flows to the seafloor 35, as shown in Figure 5. In particular, the trawl begins to open from a certain height of water, such as 20cm, its upper part starting to float away from the bottom and then as indicated falls to the bottom.
Le bateau 32 avance alors et tracte le chalut 1 sur le fond marin 35, le chalut 1 collectant des algues vertes 36 (dans l'exemple représenté) en couche sur le fond marin 35 (Figure 7) .  The boat 32 then advances and tows the trawl 1 on the seabed 35, the trawl 1 collecting green algae 36 (in the example shown) layered on the seabed 35 (Figure 7).
Lorsque le chalut 1 est plein, celui-ci est remonté sur le bateau 32, comme cela est représenté sur la Figure 6, à l'aide de la grue 33.  When the trawl 1 is full, it is reassembled on the boat 32, as shown in Figure 6, using the crane 33.
Les algues vertes 36 sont ensuite disposées dans des bacs 37 spécialement aménagés sur le bateau 32.  The green algae 36 are then placed in tanks 37 specially arranged on the boat 32.
On a avantageusement prévu une fermeture à glissière 31 sur la face de la poche filtrante opposée à la face avant, afin de pouvoir vider aisément le contenu de la poche filtrante dans les bacs 37.  Advantageously, a zipper 31 is provided on the face of the filter bag opposite the front face, in order to easily empty the contents of the filter bag into the tanks 37.
La vitesse de déplacement du bateau 32 est très lente, environ 1 nœud, ce qui permet aux poissons piégés dans la poche filtrante du chalut 1 d'avoir le temps de s'extraire avant que le chalut ne soit remonté à la surface, et ainsi de limiter le nombre de poissons capturés par le chalut 1. The speed of movement of the boat 32 is very slow, about 1 knot, which allows the fish trapped in the filter bag of the trawl 1 to have time to get out before the trawl has returned to the surface, and thus limit the number of fish caught by the trawl 1.
Un seul bateau 32 peut tirer un chalut, deux chaluts, voire trois chaluts selon l'invention. Il est également possible d'avoir deux bateaux amphibies qui tirent un seul chalut, à la manière d'un chalut-bœuf.  A single boat 32 can pull a trawl, two trawls or three trawls according to the invention. It is also possible to have two amphibious boats that pull a single trawl, like an ox trawl.
Un procédé de ramassage de produits de type algues vertes, hydrocarbures, macrodéchets présents dans l'eau peut être mis en œuvre avec le chalut de l'invention, comprenant les étapes de mise à l'eau du chalut, de traction du chalut sur un fond marin, de préférence avec un bateau amphibie, de remontée du chalut plein sur le dispositif de traction, et de collecte des produits collectés .  A method for collecting products of the green algae, hydrocarbons and macro-debris type present in the water can be implemented with the trawl of the invention, comprising the steps of launching the trawl, pulling the trawl on a seabed, preferably with an amphibious boat, raising the trawl full on the traction device, and collecting the collected products.
Si l'on se réfère aux Figures 8 à 14, on peut voir que l'on a représenté un chalut dit chalut de surface l' qui diffère du chalut de fond marin qui vient d'être décrit par le fait qu'il ne comporte pas de tablier 12, ni de chaînes de lest lia, 11b.  Referring to Figures 8 to 14, it can be seen that there is shown a trawl so-called surface trawl which differs from the sea-bottom trawl which has just been described by the fact that it does not comprise no apron 12, nor ballast chains 11a, 11b.
On a désigné par les mêmes chiffres de référence les composants du chalut l' qui sont identiques à ceux du chalut 1, et on va maintenant décrire les composants supplémentaires du chalut l', lesquels sont constitués par deux bras 40a, 40b d'allure divergente pour former un guide d'entrée des articles flottants vers l'ouverture du chalut 1 ' .  The same reference numerals designate the components of the trawl 1, which are identical to those of the trawl 1, and the additional components of the trawl 1, which consist of two arms 40a, 40b of divergent shape, will now be described. to form an entry guide for the floating articles towards the opening of the trawl 1 '.
Chaque bras 40a, 40b comporte un boudin gonflable 41a, 41b relié au boudin respectif 16a, 16b par l'intermédiaire d'une liaison démontable, telle qu'une liaison articulée de type charnière.  Each arm 40a, 40b comprises an inflatable bead 41a, 41b connected to the respective bead 16a, 16b by means of a removable connection, such as a hinge-type articulated connection.
Chaque liaison 46a ou 46b peut être constituée de deux éléments solidaires l'un d'un bras 40a, 40b respectivement, l'autre du boudin 16a, 16b respectivement, et assemblés l'un à l'autre par l'intermédiaire d'un axe démontable autorisant une séparation rapide entre le bras 40a, 40b et le reste du chalut l'. Each connection 46a or 46b may consist of two elements integral with one arm 40a, 40b respectively, the other of the coil 16a, 16b respectively, and assembled to each other via a removable shaft allowing rapid separation between the arm 40a, 40b and the rest of the trawl.
La présence de cette liaison de type charnière permet de faire varier à volonté l'angle formé entre le bras 40a, 40b de manière à ouvrir plus ou moins l'entonnoir formé par lesdits bras et de faciliter la séparation du bras 40a, 40b, le simple enlèvement de l'axe et de la liaison des chaînes de lest 44a et 44b avec les patins 10a et 10b permettant une telle séparation.  The presence of this hinge-type connection makes it possible to vary at will the angle formed between the arm 40a, 40b so as to open more or less the funnel formed by said arms and to facilitate the separation of the arm 40a, 40b, the simple removal of the axis and the link of the weight chains 44a and 44b with the pads 10a and 10b allowing such separation.
Chaque boudin gonflable 41a, 41b porte, à son extrémité libre, une ferrure de traction 42a, 42b respectivement reliée au bateau par un bout ou câble de traction 47a, 47b respectivement, et est muni, le long de sa génératrice, d'une jupe 43a, 43b respectivement lestée par une chaîne inférieure de lest 44a, 44b respectivement. Chaque chaîne de lest 44a, 44b est reliée à la région de bordure inférieure de la jupe associée par des maillons rapides passant dans des œillets de la jupe.  Each inflatable bead 41a, 41b carries, at its free end, a pull fitting 42a, 42b respectively connected to the boat by a pulling end or cable 47a, 47b respectively, and is provided, along its generatrix, with a skirt 43a, 43b respectively weighted by a lower ballast chain 44a, 44b respectively. Each ballast chain 44a, 44b is connected to the lower border region of the associated skirt by fast links passing through eyelets of the skirt.
La chaîne de lest 44a, 44b s'arrête au voisinage du patin 10a, 10b associé où elle y est reliée.  The ballast chain 44a, 44b stops in the vicinity of the associated pad 10a, 10b where it is connected.
En utilisation, le chalut l' est mis à l'eau, les boudins gonflables 41a, 41b étant reliés, au niveau des ferrures 42a, 42b, par les bouts de traction 47a, 47b au bateau 32.  In use, the trawl is put into the water, the inflatable tubes 41a, 41b being connected, at the fittings 42a, 42b, by the traction tips 47a, 47b to the boat 32.
Une fois à l'eau, la flottabilité des flotteurs 16a et 16b ainsi que la différence de flottabilité entre les barres transversales supérieure 4 et inférieure 3 permet, comme indiqué ci-dessus pour le précédent mode de réalisation, l'ouverture du chalut l'.  Once in the water, the buoyancy of the floats 16a and 16b and the difference in buoyancy between the upper transverse bars 4 and lower 3 allows, as indicated above for the previous embodiment, the opening of the trawl .
On donne alors du mou sur la fune 34 par l'intermédiaire d'un treuil (non représenté) monté sur la grue 33, tout en faisant avancer le bateau 32 jusqu'à ce que les bouts de traction 47a, 47b soient tendus. Le chalut l' commence alors à se déployer. The slack 34 is then given slack by means of a winch (not shown) mounted on the crane 33 while advancing the boat 32 until that the traction tips 47a, 47b are stretched. The trawl begins to unfold.
Le bateau 32 tracte dans ce mode de réalisation le chalut l' par l'intermédiaire des bouts de traction 47a, 47b et non par l'intermédiaire de la barre de traction et de relevage 5 comme dans le premier mode de réalisation.  The boat 32 tows in this embodiment the trawl through the traction ends 47a, 47b and not through the drawbar and lifting 5 as in the first embodiment.
La traction du bateau 32 sur les bouts de traction 47a, 47b provoque un léger écartement de ceux-ci lorsque le chalut l' est tracté, permettant ainsi de guider les éléments polluants en surface vers l'intérieur du chalut l', la fune 34 restant non tendue durant l'opération de traction du chalut l' par le bateau 32.  The traction of the boat 32 on the traction tips 47a, 47b causes a slight separation thereof when the trawl is towed, thus guiding the pollutant elements on the surface towards the inside of the trawl, 34 remaining unstretched during the towing operation of the trawl by the boat 32.
Une fois le chalut l' rempli, on tire par l'intermédiaire du treuil de la grue 3 sur la fune 34, pour relever le chalut l' dans le bateau 32, de manière similaire à ce qui a été présenté pour le premier mode de réalisation, puis le chalut l' est vidé par l'intermédiaire de la fermeture à glissière 31, les bouts de traction étant alors non tendus, comme cela est représenté sur la Figure 15.  Once the trawl is filled, it is pulled through the winch of the crane 3 on the fune 34, to raise the trawl in the boat 32, similar to what was presented for the first mode of realization, then the trawl is emptied through the zipper 31, the traction ends being then not stretched, as shown in Figure 15.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Chalut pour la collecte de produits de type algues vertes, hydrocarbures et autres macrodéchets, polluant la mer ou une rivière, comportant une poche filtrante de confinement desdits produits, ladite poche comportant des moyens d'ouverture lui permettant de s'ouvrir une fois mise à l'eau avec une ouverture avant se situant dans un plan perpendiculaire à la surface de l'eau, et des moyens de traction et de relevage de la poche chargée de produits collectés, reliés auxdits moyens d'ouverture et comportant un organe de liaison à au moins une fune d'une grue montée sur un bateau de traction de chalut . 1 - Trawl for the collection of products of the green algae type, hydrocarbons and other macrodechets, polluting the sea or a river, comprising a filter bag for confinement of said products, said pocket having means of opening allowing it to open once launching with a front opening lying in a plane perpendicular to the surface of the water, and means for pulling and lifting the bag loaded with collected products, connected to said opening means and comprising a connection to at least one shaft of a crane mounted on a towing boat.
2 - Chalut selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'ouverture de la poche est délimitée en partie supérieure par une poutre horizontale supérieure et en partie inférieure par un élément de maintien de largeur d'ouverture inférieur, à flottabilité négative, et les moyens de traction et de relevage de la poche chargée de produits collectés consistent en une barre de traction et relevage reliée à chacune de ses extrémités par un système de fils en patte d'oie à la fois à la poutre horizontale supérieure et à l'élément de maintien de largeur d'ouverture inférieur et portant, en son centre, un point de liaison à la fune de grue.  2 - Trawling according to claim 1, wherein the opening of the bag is delimited in the upper part by an upper horizontal beam and in the lower part by a holding element of lower opening width, negative buoyancy, and the means of Traction and lifting of the bag loaded with collected products consist of a drawbar and lift connected at each end by a system of crow's feet son both at the upper horizontal beam and the holding element of lower opening width and carrying, at its center, a point of connection to the crane shaft.
3 - Chalut selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la poutre horizontale supérieure et l'élément de maintien de largeur d'ouverture inférieur sont reliés à leurs extrémités en regard par des chaînes de réglage de la hauteur de l'ouverture.  3 - trawl according to claim 2, wherein the upper horizontal beam and the lower aperture width holding member are connected at their opposite ends by adjustment chains of the height of the opening.
4 - Chalut selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la poutre horizontale supérieure présente une flottabilité supérieure à celle de l'élément de maintien de largeur d'ouverture inférieur. 4 - Trawling according to claim 2, wherein the upper horizontal beam has a buoyancy greater than that of the lower opening width holding member.
5 - Chalut selon la revendication 4, dans lequel la poutre horizontale supérieure consiste en une barre creuse fermée à ses deux extrémités et l'élément de maintien de largeur d'ouverture inférieur consiste en une barre creuse ouverte à ses deux extrémités ou en une chaîne ou en un élément longitudinal de lest supportant une traction à chaque extrémité sans déformation de longueur.  5 - Trawling according to claim 4, wherein the upper horizontal beam consists of a hollow bar closed at both ends and the lower opening width holding member consists of a hollow bar open at both ends or in a chain or in a longitudinal ballast element supporting traction at each end without deformation of length.
6 - Chalut selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la poche a la forme d'un parallélépipède rectangle ouvert à sa face avant, la poutre horizontale supérieure et l'élément de maintien de largeur d'ouverture inférieur étant fixés le long des bordures des faces horizontales respectivement supérieure et inférieure de la poche.  Trawling apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the bag has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped open at its front face, the upper horizontal beam and the lower opening width holding member being fixed along the edges of the faces. horizontally respectively upper and lower of the pocket.
7 - Chalut selon la revendication 6, dans lequel au moins un flotteur est disposé à la partie supérieure de la poche flottante.  7 - Trawling according to claim 6, wherein at least one float is disposed at the top of the floating bag.
8 - Chalut selon la revendication 7, dans lequel un boudin flotteur est disposé le long de chaque bordure supérieure de la poche, extérieurement à celle-ci, et apte à être relié au bord correspondant de la poche horizontale supérieure .  8 - trawl according to claim 7, wherein a float rod is disposed along each upper edge of the pocket, externally thereto, and adapted to be connected to the corresponding edge of the upper horizontal pocket.
9 - Chalut selon la revendication 7, dans lequel chaque boudin flotteur est monté le long de la poche par un dispositif à aiguille et à maillons rapides.  9 - Trawl according to claim 7, wherein each float rod is mounted along the pocket by a needle device and quick links.
10 - Chalut selon la revendication 6, dans lequel la poche filtrante comporte, dans sa face arrière, une fermeture de type fermeture à glissière, destinée à être ouverte en position relevée du chalut pour l'évacuation des produits polluants collectés. 11 - Chalut selon la revendication 1, dans lequel un filet anti-retour est disposé dans la région avant de la poche filtrante. 10 - trawl according to claim 6, wherein the filter bag comprises, in its rear face, a zipper closure type, intended to be opened in the trailing position of the trawl for the removal of pollutants collected. 11 - Trawling according to claim 1, wherein a non-return net is disposed in the front region of the filter bag.
12 - Chalut selon la revendication 1, dans lequel un filet chaussette de renforcement est enfilé sur la poche filtrante proprement dite en vue de la collecte de produits polluants lourds.  12 - Trawling according to claim 1, wherein a sock reinforcing net is threaded on the filter bag itself for the collection of heavy pollutants.
13 - Chalut selon la revendication 7, destiné à permettre la collecte des produits dans le fond de la mer, dans lequel l'élément de maintien de largeur d'ouverture inférieur est une poutre horizontale dite inférieure, et comportant, dans la partie inférieure de la poche filtrante, un lest se présentant sous la forme de chaînes, apte à compenser la flottabilité de la poutre horizontale supérieure et des boudins flotteurs.  13 - Trawling according to claim 7, intended to allow the collection of products in the seabed, wherein the lower opening width holding member is a so-called lower horizontal beam, and comprising, in the lower part of the filter bag, a ballast in the form of chains, adapted to compensate for the buoyancy of the upper horizontal beam and the float tubes.
14 - Chalut selon la revendication 13, dans lequel un tablier plat est fixé à la poutre horizontale inférieure et s'étend sous toute la poche filtrante.  14 - Trawling according to claim 13, wherein a flat apron is attached to the lower horizontal beam and extends under the entire filter bag.
15 - Chalut selon la revendication 13, comprenant en outre deux patins avant se recourbant vers le haut à leurs extrémités libres, fixés chacun à une extrémité de la poutre horizontale inférieure, perpendiculairement à celle- ci, les chaînes de lest étant fixées auxdits patins.  Trawling apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising two front pads curving upwards at their free ends, each attached to one end of the lower horizontal beam, perpendicular thereto, the ballast chains being attached to said pads.
16 - Chalut selon la revendication 13, dans lequel un seuil incliné est fixé à l'avant vers le bas du chalut, le long de la poutre horizontale inférieure.  A trawl according to claim 13, wherein an inclined threshold is fixed at the front to the bottom of the trawl, along the lower horizontal beam.
17 - Chalut selon la revendication 7, destiné à permettre la collecte des produits à la surface de l'eau, l'élément de maintien de largeur d'ouverture inférieur étant une chaîne ou un élément longitudinal de lest supportant une traction à chaque extrémité sans déformation de longueur et le chalut ne comportant pas de lest à sa partie inférieure. 18 - Chalut selon la revendication 17, comportant à l'avant deux bras de guidage des produits flottants vers l'ouverture d'entrée de la poche filtrante, lesdits bras s 'ouvrant vers l'extérieur et étant reliés par leurs extrémités libres au bateau par des bouts de traction. Trawling apparatus according to claim 7, for allowing the collection of the products on the surface of the water, the lower opening width holding member being a chain or a longitudinal ballast element supporting a pull at each end without deformation of length and the trawl having no ballast at its lower part. 18 - Trawling according to claim 17, comprising at the front two floating product guide arms to the inlet opening of the filter bag, said arms opening outwards and being connected by their free ends to the boat by traction tips.
19 - Chalut selon la revendication 18, dans lequel chaque bras est constitué par un boudin gonflable articulé à l'une de ses extrémités à l'extrémité supérieure de la poche filtrante et muni, à sa base d'une jupe lestée.  19 - Trawling according to claim 18, wherein each arm is constituted by an inflatable ring articulated at one of its ends to the upper end of the filter bag and provided at its base with a weighted skirt.
20 - Chalut selon la revendication 19, dans lequel chaque bras est articulé à un boudin flotteur de la poche filtrante.  Trawling apparatus according to claim 19, wherein each arm is hinged to a float flange of the filter bag.
PCT/FR2012/050176 2011-01-27 2012-01-27 Trawl for collecting materials such as green algae, hydrocarbons, and other large waste WO2012101390A1 (en)

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PCT/FR2012/050176 WO2012101390A1 (en) 2011-01-27 2012-01-27 Trawl for collecting materials such as green algae, hydrocarbons, and other large waste

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103053481A (en) * 2013-01-11 2013-04-24 国家***北海环境监测中心 Quantitative sampling netting gear for large jellyfishes in oceanic surface layers
CN103225294A (en) * 2013-04-28 2013-07-31 江苏中科基业环境科技有限公司 Floating algae collecting method
FR3001103A1 (en) * 2013-01-24 2014-07-25 Armement Asta Buen Le Gall Andre Dredger for collecting green algae in deep water, has anchoring unit extending on side having stirring bar, and collection panel integrated in frame and set back with respect to stirring bar, where panel is oriented parallel to side walls
CN104221759A (en) * 2014-09-30 2014-12-24 杨成胜 Controllable and movable aquatic plant plating shelf
CN105200969A (en) * 2015-10-16 2015-12-30 无锡德林海藻水分离技术发展有限公司 Blue algae fishing method and device
CN110397009A (en) * 2019-08-05 2019-11-01 蚌埠市圆周率电子科技有限公司 A kind of automatic robot's ship sweeping robot collector for removing cyanobacteria
CN114808883A (en) * 2022-04-08 2022-07-29 马长江 River is rubbish elimination equipment for sewage treatment

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US279373A (en) * 1883-03-27 1883-06-12 Dredge for shell-fish
GB290143A (en) * 1928-01-21 1928-05-10 Frederick Mowbray Davis Improvements in or relating to fishing gear
US1745251A (en) * 1928-05-16 1930-01-28 John W Enright Shrimp-trawling device
US2971284A (en) * 1959-11-20 1961-02-14 Marietta C Opel Shrimp or crab net with entrapment chamber
US6112699A (en) * 1994-02-28 2000-09-05 Biozyme Systems, Inc. Euphausiid harvesting and processing method and apparatus
FR2841270A1 (en) * 2002-06-21 2003-12-26 Geocean Sas Equipment gathering hydrocarbons and solids floating on water, includes deflectors with flotation support frame holding collection pocket open and semi-submerged
EP1570131A1 (en) 2002-12-13 2005-09-07 Thierry Thomazeau Device for collecting items floating at the surface of the sea

Patent Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US279373A (en) * 1883-03-27 1883-06-12 Dredge for shell-fish
GB290143A (en) * 1928-01-21 1928-05-10 Frederick Mowbray Davis Improvements in or relating to fishing gear
US1745251A (en) * 1928-05-16 1930-01-28 John W Enright Shrimp-trawling device
US2971284A (en) * 1959-11-20 1961-02-14 Marietta C Opel Shrimp or crab net with entrapment chamber
US6112699A (en) * 1994-02-28 2000-09-05 Biozyme Systems, Inc. Euphausiid harvesting and processing method and apparatus
FR2841270A1 (en) * 2002-06-21 2003-12-26 Geocean Sas Equipment gathering hydrocarbons and solids floating on water, includes deflectors with flotation support frame holding collection pocket open and semi-submerged
EP1570131A1 (en) 2002-12-13 2005-09-07 Thierry Thomazeau Device for collecting items floating at the surface of the sea

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103053481A (en) * 2013-01-11 2013-04-24 国家***北海环境监测中心 Quantitative sampling netting gear for large jellyfishes in oceanic surface layers
FR3001103A1 (en) * 2013-01-24 2014-07-25 Armement Asta Buen Le Gall Andre Dredger for collecting green algae in deep water, has anchoring unit extending on side having stirring bar, and collection panel integrated in frame and set back with respect to stirring bar, where panel is oriented parallel to side walls
CN103225294A (en) * 2013-04-28 2013-07-31 江苏中科基业环境科技有限公司 Floating algae collecting method
CN104221759A (en) * 2014-09-30 2014-12-24 杨成胜 Controllable and movable aquatic plant plating shelf
CN104221759B (en) * 2014-09-30 2017-08-29 微山县特种水产养殖试验场 Controllable pasture and water activity plantation frame
CN105200969A (en) * 2015-10-16 2015-12-30 无锡德林海藻水分离技术发展有限公司 Blue algae fishing method and device
CN110397009A (en) * 2019-08-05 2019-11-01 蚌埠市圆周率电子科技有限公司 A kind of automatic robot's ship sweeping robot collector for removing cyanobacteria
CN110397009B (en) * 2019-08-05 2020-11-17 浙江古伽智能科技有限公司 Automatic robot for removing blue algae
CN114808883A (en) * 2022-04-08 2022-07-29 马长江 River is rubbish elimination equipment for sewage treatment

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