WO2012093226A1 - Device and method for assisting the butt-joining of tubular parts - Google Patents

Device and method for assisting the butt-joining of tubular parts Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012093226A1
WO2012093226A1 PCT/FR2012/000007 FR2012000007W WO2012093226A1 WO 2012093226 A1 WO2012093226 A1 WO 2012093226A1 FR 2012000007 W FR2012000007 W FR 2012000007W WO 2012093226 A1 WO2012093226 A1 WO 2012093226A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
support shaft
tubular
shaft
flanges
carriage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2012/000007
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Damien ROLLOT
Denis Destouches
Original Assignee
Serimax
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Serimax filed Critical Serimax
Publication of WO2012093226A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012093226A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/053—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work aligning cylindrical work; Clamping devices therefor
    • B23K37/0531—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work aligning cylindrical work; Clamping devices therefor internal pipe alignment clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/02—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element
    • B23K37/0276—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element for working on or in tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B5/363—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding surfaces of revolution in situ
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B5/40—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding tubes internally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/10—Pipe-lines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
    • F16L1/12—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water
    • F16L1/20—Accessories therefor, e.g. floats, weights

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of splicing of tubular parts to each other, in particular to form pipelines and other fluid transport pipes.
  • the invention relates more specifically to welding splicing.
  • the welding is generally preceded by a step of positioning the tubular pieces. Then we realize a weld bead at what is called the joint plane. It is important to center and optimally align the tubular parts relative to each other to obtain a satisfactory weld.
  • the devices used for welding typically carriages carrying torches that are moved around the periphery of the tubular parts, in the vicinity of the joint plane, generate an excess of material inside the tubes, at the joint plane. .
  • This surface irregularity notably causes fatigue problems of the assembly.
  • the fatigue strength of the welded joints is influenced by geometric factors such as the shape of the weld bead, the alignment of the welded parts, and the dimensions of the bead.
  • Metallurgical parameters also influence fatigue performance. These include the nature of the base metal, the welding process itself, the presence of welding defects or the level of residual stresses after welding.
  • the type of mechanical stresses that apply to the tubular parts also impacts the fatigue strength of the welded assembly. This concerns in particular the loading mode, the stress gradient, the bi-axiality of the stresses, or the environmental constraints.
  • Welded assemblies generally have lower fatigue strength than unwelded parts.
  • any splicing weld that is to say, two pieces assembled end to end, creates a discontinuity inside the parts forming the pipe that modifies the flow of fluids, and the service life of the assembly.
  • the flow of a fluid in a pipe depends, among other things, on the roughness of the internal wall of this pipe: the higher the roughness, the more the flow is turbulent. Turbulence increases the coefficient of friction of the fluid on the wall, create vibrations and corrosion, at least for some metals. Thus the quality of the seal, or connection, is an important parameter for the corrosion phenomena downstream of the fitting in question.
  • Corrosion-erosion is related to the flow of fluid in the tube, and causes mechanical damage resulting from the hydrodynamic effect, in particular by abrasion or cavitation.
  • Cernous corrosion refers to a selective attack of the metal in the slots and other interstices: it occurs when the profile of the weld traps oxygen. The presence of this oxygen causes local acidification of the electrolyte and leads to a more corrosive medium.
  • stress-induced corrosion results from the combined effect of a mechanical stress and an aggressive environment, for example in the presence of corrosive materials in the liquid phase.
  • Welding of good quality means in particular a weld whose surface corresponding to the inside of the tubes is smooth, that is to say of low roughness.
  • US 6,398,100 discloses a flange for supporting tubes for pipelines comprising at least one set of clamping shoes operated by a solid central shaft.
  • Application WO 2006/134284 also discloses a centering and clamping device for improving the welding of tubular parts. The device in question makes it possible to align and maintain the tubular parts during welding. However, it is not fully satisfactory because after the welding of the tubular pieces, fragments of material can be introduced into said tubular pieces and form irregularities and projections, in particular on the inner surface, at the plane of the tube. attached, which leads to the difficulties outlined above.
  • Devices of this type do not allow a completion of the inner surface of the joint plane. In particular, they are ineffective in performing grinding in the vicinity of the weld bead.
  • the invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art.
  • the invention relates to a device for assisting the splicing of tubular parts by welding.
  • the device comprises:
  • a pair of flanges mounted on the support shaft and operable between a clamping state where these two flanges can engage the respective inner surfaces of a first and a second tubular member, and a relaxed state
  • At least one grinding wheel rotatably mounted on the support shaft at a distance from the first and second flanges
  • the pair of flanges being first clamped on the first tubular member and the second tubular member, respectively, in a first axial position of the shaft, adapted to firmly hold these tubular pieces to be butted against each other. another in a position suitable for producing the weld bead between the first tubular part and the second tubular part,
  • the displacement support being operable after welding, the pair of flanges being at least partially in the relaxed position, so as to move the support shaft within the first and / or second tubular piece to bring said grinding wheel closer together; weld seam,
  • the support shaft being held in this new position relative to at least one of the two welded tubular parts and the grinding wheel being actuated to grind and / or sharpen the weld bead and / or its vicinity on the inner surface of the one and / or the other of the first and the second tubular part.
  • the invention relates to a method for joining the tubular parts by welding, wherein a device comprising a support shaft, a pair of flanges mounted on the support shaft and operable between a clamping state where these two flanges can engage with the respective inner surfaces of a first and a second tubular part, and a relaxed state, at least one wheel rotatably mounted on the support shaft at a distance from the first and second flange, at least one displacement support integral with the support shaft, said method comprising the following steps:
  • Figure 1 shows a diagram of the working carriage, seen in section along two longitudinal planes spaced 120 °;
  • Figure 2 shows a portion of the carriage of Figure 1, isometric perspective view
  • Figure 3 shows a diagram of a portion of a carriage variant of the carriage of Figure 1, sectional view along two longitudinal planes spaced 120 °;
  • Figure 4 shows a step diagram illustrating a pipe splicing process;
  • Figs. 5A to 5F show diagrams illustrating the steps of the method of Fig. 4 applied to welding vertically spliced tubes.
  • Figure 6 is similar to Figure 3 for another alternative embodiment of the working carriage of Figure 1.
  • the working carriage 100 comprises an elongate cylinder forming a support shaft 10.
  • the support shaft 10 is hollow.
  • the support shaft 10 has five parts adjacent to each other, or longitudinal segments, which are referenced 71 to 75 from left to right in FIG. 1, from one end to the other of the support shaft 10.
  • the first segment 71 supports means having the function of moving and fixing the carriage in tubes,
  • the second part, or second segment 72, adjacent to the first segment 71 and remote from said first end carries means whose function is to link the first section 71 to the rest of the device,
  • the third part, or third segment 73, adjacent to the second segment 72, carries means having the function of positioning / moving tools of the following section with respect to the support shaft 10,
  • the fourth part, or fourth segment 74, adjacent to the third segment 73, carries means whose function is the grinding / shaving of the tubes, and
  • the fifth portion, or fifth segment 75, adjacent to the fourth segment 74 is located at the second end (right in FIG. 1).
  • the fifth segment 75 carries means having the function of hanging the device to external elements such as a winch.
  • the carriage 100 comprises clamping means in the form of a first flange 1 and a second flange 2, mounted close to each other on the support shaft 10, at the first segment 71.
  • first flange 1 and the second flange 2 are mounted adjacent the second segment 72.
  • Each flange 1, 2 comprises a set of pads distributed at the periphery of the support shaft 10 and which can be deployed radially protruding from the support shaft 10 to the actuation of the flange in question.
  • Flanges 1, 2 are sometimes referred to as "clamp" in the art.
  • the flanges 1, 2 operate by applying a contact force oriented radially towards the outside of the carriage 100.
  • flanges 1, 2 are of the type described in the international application published under the number WO 2006/134284. Flanges of different types may also be employed, for example flanges comprising inflatable elements.
  • the carriage 100 provided with flanges and grinding / shaving means can be called "Clamp”.
  • the carriage 100 is intended to be housed inside tubes to help their solder splicing.
  • the carriage 100 can be placed astride between two tubes, so that the first flange 1 is inside one of these tubes, near its end, while the second flange 2 is at the end of the tube. inside the other tube, also near its end.
  • first flange 1 and the second flange 2 can be actuated so that their respective pads engage on the inner surface of the first tube and the second tube respectively.
  • the first tube and the second tube are then held firmly against each other in a mutual position that allows their assembly by welding.
  • This position of the carriage relative to the two tubes can be considered as a reference position for future movements of the carriage in the tubes.
  • the flanges 1, 2 can be actuated so that their respective pads approach the support shaft 10 away from the inner surface of their respective tube.
  • the flanges 1, 2 can act as fixing mechanisms of the carriage 100 in one or more tubes.
  • the flanges 1, 2 can be engaged with the inner surface of a single tube. In other words, when the first flange 1 and / or the second flange 2 are actuated, they engage the inner surface of one and / or the other of the tubes so as to fix the support shaft 10 therein.
  • the carriage 100 further comprises guide and displacement means integral with the shaft 10 which allow it to be moved in a guided manner inside tubular parts, in particular in the longitudinal direction thereof.
  • the guide and displacement means comprise a first roller support 21 and a second roller support 22 mounted on the support shaft 10 at a distance from one another, at the level of the first segment 71.
  • the first support 21 is located near one end of the support shaft 10, while the second support 22 is located in the vicinity of the first flange 1.
  • Each roller support 21, 22 here comprises a hinged rod structure carrying the rollers and which can be actuated to move the latter radially protruding from the support shaft 10.
  • Each roller support 21, 22 comprises a pair of flange facing each other mounted on the shaft 10. Each time one of the flanges is secured to the shaft 10 at least in longitudinal translation while the other of the flanges is mounted free in translation relative to the shaft 10, and is constrained by a spring working in compression towards the fixed flange. This structure allows the supports 21, 22 to adapt to variations in the internal diameter of the tubes.
  • Each roller support 21, 22 comprises three wheels or casters each pivotally mounted at a respective end of two arms, the opposite ends of which are pivotally mounted to one and the other of the support flanges, respectively.
  • rollers are arranged substantially in a radial plane, spaced apart from each other by about 120 °.
  • Each wheel support 21, 22 thus comprises three pairs of arms, the arms of each pair being articulated with respect to one another at one of their ends.
  • the wheels can be crazy or rotated under the effect of a motor, at least for some of them.
  • the roller supports 21, 22 are in contact with the inner surface of the tubular pieces.
  • the carriage 100 is then held inside the tubes via the roller supports 21, 22 and can be moved there, mainly along the longitudinal axis XX of these tubes.
  • roller supports 21, 22 are active at least after welding the tubes together.
  • the roller supports 21, 22 are not necessarily active when the flanges 1, 2 are engaged.
  • the support shaft 10 After welding and for fixing the support shaft 10 with respect to the tubes during grinding / shaving, the support shaft 10 is fixedly held in this new position in order to firmly hold the support shaft 10 relative to one another. at least two welded tubular parts.
  • the maintenance of this position can be achieved for example by clamping the pair of flanges 1, 2.
  • the displacement support 21, 22 When the displacement support 21, 22 is provided with motorized rollers or pads, it can be used as a clamping function equivalent to that of the flanges.
  • the holding can be achieved by a combination of the flanges 1, 2 and the displacement support 21, 22.
  • the carriage 100 may comprise additional wheel supports, mounted on the support shaft 10, preferably spaced apart from each of the supports 21, 22, to provide a longer guide.
  • the wheels of the supports 21, 22 may be replaced by pads covered with a material both hard and low coefficient of friction on the steel to slide the carriage 100 in the tubes.
  • the wheels can also be replaced by balls.
  • the carriage 100 further comprises a grinding wheel 5 as a grinding / shaving means.
  • the grinding wheel 5 is mounted on the support shaft 10, at least with possibility of rotation about the central axis of the support shaft 10.
  • the grinding wheel 5 is at the fourth segment 74.
  • the carriage 100 also comprises a centering mechanism 4 as centering means for the grinding wheel 5.
  • the centering mechanism 4 is mounted on the support shaft 10, at the level of the third segment 73, close to the grinding wheel 5.
  • the carriage 100 further comprises a connection and protection element mounted on the shaft 10, at the second segment 72, for example in the form of a bellows 3.
  • the carriage 100 also comprises at least one hook 9, as hooking means.
  • the hook 9 is mounted on the shaft 10 at the fifth segment 75, at the end of the shaft 10.
  • the carriage 100 has a hook similar to the end of the shaft 10 away from the fifth segment 75, that is to say the end of the support shaft 10 opposite the end shown in Figure 1.
  • the hook 9 allows the maintenance, lifting and / or handling of the carriage, for example by means of a winch.
  • the carriage 100 further includes an additional roller support 90 as a rolling means.
  • the additional wheel support 90 is mounted on the shaft 10, near the hook 9, at the fifth segment 75.
  • the additional wheel support 90 has a flange mounted on the shaft 10, on which three arms are respectively attached. articulated, at one end, the opposite end of each arm carrying a respective wheel.
  • the additional wheel support 90 allows additional guidance of the carriage 100 inside the tubes.
  • the additional support 90 is used in particular for introducing the carriage 100 into a tube.
  • the carriage further comprises a camera 8, such as a camera, forming part of what could be called locating and control aids.
  • the camera 8 is mounted on the support shaft 10 close to the grinding wheel 5. It allows to locate the joint plane or the weld bead so as to approach the grinding wheel 5 when moving the trolley 100 inside the tubes, in the longitudinal direction thereof. It also makes it possible to control the quality of the grinding performed.
  • one or more light sources are also mounted on the shaft 10, in the vicinity of the camera 8.
  • a recording medium may also be provided.
  • the apparatus 8 comprises for example a camera dedicated to the inspection of tubes. It is selected for its compactness, tightness and abrasion resistant lens.
  • the apparatus 8 may further be provided with a light source.
  • the apparatus 8 may include an endoscopic type camera.
  • One or more optical fibers could also be used in place of or in addition to the apparatus 8.
  • the support shaft 10 forms a central axis of the carriage 100. ⁇ gives it a certain rigidity.
  • the support shaft 10 is hollow and of sufficient internal diameter to allow the passage of cables and hoses necessary for the operation of the various members of the carriage 100.
  • the wall of the support shaft 10 then has holes adapted to the passage these cables and / or flexible.
  • the support shaft 10 has an outer diameter of about 38 mm and an internal diameter of about 20 mm, for a carriage size of about 140 mm in diameter.
  • the carriage 100 thus has a central channel whose diameter represents approximately 15% of the external dimensions of the carriage.
  • the carriage 100 further comprises one or more pneumatic distributors and one or more compressed air tanks 200, mounted on the first segment 71 of the shaft 10, between the roller supports 21, 22.
  • the shaft 10 could also support an umbrella in the form of a rubber flange for recovering grinding dust, especially when the carriage 100 is used in a vertical position, and one or more roughness measuring devices for checking the grinding / shaving done.
  • the carriage 100 shown in Figure 1 is preferably disposed in adjacent tubes so that the end tube of a pipe line is on the left while a new butt tube is fed through. the right. Access to the wheel 5, which contains wear parts, is thus facilitated.
  • the grinding wheel 5 comprises three abrasive or grinding blocks, referenced 51, 52 and 53 which are rotatably mounted on an additional support shaft 20, tubular.
  • the grinding wheel 5 could comprise a different number of abrasive blocks.
  • the grinding wheel 5 comprises a sleeve-shaped annular support 59 rotatably mounted on the additional shaft 20 via a pair of rotary bearings 656, such as ball bearings or the like.
  • the annular support 59 is integral with a ring gear 655 which meshes with three toothed wheels 654 or pinion, each driven by a respective motor 651.
  • the motors 651 are fixed to a common flange 700 secured to the additional shaft 20.
  • the wheel 5 could comprise only one motor 651 driving a single gear wheel 654.
  • the motors 651 drive the support 59 in rotation relative to the additional shaft 20.
  • the grinding blocks 51, 52, 53 are each fixed in a respective U-shaped sheath 54.
  • the sleeves 54 are interconnected by springs.
  • the sleeves 54 are connected to a plate, or disk 55, integral with the annular support 59.
  • Each sleeve 54 is rotatably mounted on a respective axis 56 which axis projects from the disk 55.
  • the disk 55 is arranged radially, and each axis 56 is disposed substantially in a direction perpendicular to the main plane of the disc 55.
  • Each sleeve 54 is connected to the vicinity of its end remote from the axis 56 which carries it to the axis 56 of the sleeve 54 adjacent by a return spring.
  • the return springs allow retraction of each sleeve 54 when the rotation of the grinding blocks 51, 52, 53 stops or slows down.
  • the abrasive blocks 51, 52, 53 are rotated around the support shaft 10.
  • the abrasive blocks 51, 52, 53 are at least partially made of a material that allows grinding and / or shaving.
  • the grinding wheel 5 is actuated when the flanges 1, 2 are engaged with the inner surface of one of the tubes and the support shaft 10 is in an axial position with respect to these tubes such as the abrasive blocks 51, 52 , 53 are substantially to the right of the weld bead between these tubes.
  • the carriage 100 could operate with a wheel of different structure.
  • the additional shaft 20 is mounted on the support shaft 10 with possibility of relative translation along the longitudinal axis of the support shaft 10.
  • the amplitude of this relative axial displacement between the support shaft 10 and the additional shaft 20 is limited by a first stop 311 and a second stop 314 integral with the first shaft 10 between which is mounted the additional shaft 20.
  • This translation is under the constraint of a spring of compression 30, bearing on the stop 311 and pushing the additional shaft 20 against the second stop 314.
  • the spring 30 is housed in the bellows 3.
  • the mounting of the additional shaft 20 on the support shaft 10 is achieved by means of a first set of ball contacts 33 and a second set of remote ball contacts, one of them. 'other. This distance is such that a long guide of the additional shaft 20 on the support shaft 10 is made.
  • Each of the first set 33 and the second set 34 here comprises three ball contacts located in a radial plane and uniformly distributed around the periphery of the support shaft 10.
  • Each contact comprises a ball 331 movable radially against a respective spring 333 working in compression.
  • the balls 331 and their springs 333 are each placed in respective housings 36 open on the inner surface of the additional shaft 20.
  • the sets of ball contacts 33, 34 also allow a multidirectional movement kinematically equivalent to a double-gimbal principle.
  • This deflection is limited in amplitude by three nipples or fingers 312 which project radially from the outer surface of the support shaft 10, while the additional shaft 20 comprises three corresponding grooves (not shown) substantially longitudinal, each housing one of fingers 312 with a clearance corresponding to said amplitude.
  • a single finger 312 could be provided.
  • the additional shaft 20 is thus rotationally fixed to the support shaft 10.
  • the wheel 5 can be moved axially relative to the support shaft 10 by moving the shaft 20.
  • the grinding wheel 5 can also be centered with respect to the inner surfaces of the tubes.
  • the pins 312 could be integral with the additional shaft 20 while the grooves would be formed in the support shaft 10.
  • the additional shaft 20 is free to translate slidably relative to the support shaft 10 in an axial direction thereof, each pin 312 then being moved along the groove.
  • the grinding wheel 5 is integral in translation with the additional shaft 20.
  • the additional shaft 20 is movable in translation relative to the support shaft 10, and substantially integral in rotation with this shaft 10.
  • the support 59 is integral in translation with the additional shaft 20, but free to rotate relative to it .
  • the centering mechanism 4 has a structure called "umbrella" comprising three pairs of rods 41, the rods of each pair being interconnected by a pivot link 65.
  • Each rod 41 supports at one of its ends a rolling element, or wheel 42.
  • one of the rods 41 is attached at its end opposite its respective wheel 42 to the flange 700 of the second shaft 20, with pivoting freedom;
  • the other of the rods 41 is attached at its end opposite its respective wheel 42 to a portion of a cylinder 64 common, with pivoting freedom.
  • This part of the jack 64 is displaceable longitudinally relative to a portion of the jack 64 which is fixed to the additional shaft 20.
  • the actuation of the jack 64 causes the wheels 42 to deploy with respect to the additional shaft 20 in a movement essentially radial.
  • the deployment of the wheels 42 is actuated when the flanges 1, 2 are engaged on one of the tubes.
  • the centering mechanism 4 is operable between a retracted position where said rolling elements 42 are remote from the inner surface of a tube and an extended position where said rolling elements 42 are in contact with the inner surface of a tube.
  • the additional shaft 20 is in abutment against the second stop 314 through the spring 30 and adopts a position of "garage".
  • the rods 41 are mounted in three sets of two rods with opposite deployment, positioned at 120 ° from each other.
  • the deployment in umbrella controlled via the jack 64, allows a substantially radial displacement of the second shaft 20 relative to the support shaft 10.
  • the rods 41 which can be seen as support means, allow to center the grinding wheel 5 relative to the inner surface of a tube.
  • wheels 42 can each be driven by a respective motor 422, which causes the translation of the additional shaft 20 relative to the support shaft 10.
  • the grinding wheel 5 can then be moved back and forth relative to the inner surface of the tube.
  • the centering mechanism 4 also acts as a means of displacement, essentially longitudinal, of the second shaft 20, and grinding means 5 which are integral with it, relative to the tube.
  • the centering mechanism 4 also forms a substantially longitudinal displacement means of the second shaft 20, and grinding means 5 which are integral with respect to the support axis 10.
  • the carriage 100 is shown in a working position in which it is inserted inside tubular pieces, namely astride between a first tube 1 1 and a second tube 12, interconnected by a weld bead 13 at the of a joint plan.
  • the two tubular parts 1 1, 12 and the weld bead which binds them forms a solid assembly.
  • the grinding wheel 5 is substantially at the right of the cord 13.
  • annular piece for example in the form of a removable flange, can be arranged against internal surfaces of the tubes 11, 12 in the joint plane during welding and then removed.
  • This annular piece which is sometimes called "backing" in the art, can be made in two removable half-cylinders and whose outer diameter substantially corresponds to the inner diameter of the tubes 11, 12. It is visible in Figure 1 under the reference 710.
  • the roller supports 21, 22 may be used to move the support shaft 10 to position the flanges 1, 2 relative to the tubes 1 1, 12.
  • the flange 1 is disposed in the first tube 11 to near its end while the second flange 2 is disposed in the second tube 12 near its end.
  • the relative position of the first flange 1 and the second flange 2 is fixed by their positions on the support shaft 10.
  • the first tube 11 is threaded around a portion of the carriage while the second tube 12 is threaded around the rest of the carriage.
  • the flanges 1, 2 are actuated which fixes said position. The welding can then be performed.
  • the roller supports 21, 22 are then used to move the carriage 100 to position the grinding wheel 5 at and / or near the weld bead 13
  • the flanges 1, 2 are actuated so as to make the support shaft integral 10 to the tubes.
  • the centering mechanism 4 is actuated and the grinding wheel 5 is finely positioned relative to the joint.
  • This grinding position is that shown in FIG.
  • the flanges 1, 2 are actuated to fix the shaft 10 to the tubes 11, 12.
  • the position of the carrier shaft 10 of the carriage in the assembly tubes 11, 12 is fixed by the actuation of the flanges 1, 2.
  • the portion supporting the wheels 42 is raised to come to position the grinding wheel 5 at the weld bead 13 .
  • the grinding wheel 5 is centered with respect to the inner surface of the first tube 11 and the second tube 12.
  • the grinding is performed on the inner surface of the assembly of the tubes 11, 12 and the weld bead 13.
  • the grinding / shaving means can be actuated to grind the excess material that is at the joint plane and thus complete the assembly of the first tube 11 and the second tube 12 between them by welding to obtain a smooth profile, without asperities at the joint plane and the weld bead 13, side weld side, that is to say on the side of the inner surfaces of the tubes.
  • the inner connection between the weld bead and each of the tubular parts is regular. This gives durations of life welded parts higher than those observed in the raw state of welding.
  • the axis of the support shaft 10 coincides in operation substantially with the main axis XX of the tubular parts 11, 12 placed end to end.
  • the centering mechanism 4 contributes to the positioning of the grinding wheel 5 at and / or near the joint plane, facing the weld bead 13, including during the translational movements of the grinding means 5 with respect to the first support shaft 10 .
  • the camera 8 helps longitudinal positioning of the carriage in the tubes.
  • the camera 8 is advantageously mounted near the grinding wheel 5 to visually check the positioning of the grinding wheel and / or the state of the inner surface of the tubes 11, 12 and / or the weld bead 13, and / or the state of wear of the abrasive blocks 51, 52, 53.
  • the camera 8 is rotatably mounted around the additional shaft 20. It is attached to a sleeve-shaped annular support 61 rotatably mounted on the additional shaft 20 via rotary bearings. 659, such as ball bearings or the like.
  • the annular support 61 is integral with a ring gear 665 which meshes with a toothed wheel 664, driven by a respective motor 82.
  • the camera 8 can be moved in a controlled manner around the circumference of the carriage, for example to inspect the weld bead 13 and its internal surface condition.
  • the carriage 100 here comprises a suction duct 711 disposed inside the support shaft 10, a first end of which is not shown is connected to a suction unit.
  • the opposite end comprises a suction opening 712 disposed near the abrasive surfaces of the grinding wheel 5.
  • the suction duct 711 is used to suck the waste and particles resulting from the abrasion.
  • the suction can be replaced / supplemented by one or more permanent magnets or electromagnets capable of trapping magnetic particles, such as iron filings, released during grinding / trimming.
  • This type of element makes it possible to limit the internal pollution of the tubes and the fouling of the device itself.
  • the bellows provided at one end of the additional shaft 20 can protect at this level the connection with the flanges 1, 2, or other tools.
  • the springs 333 of the ball contacts could be replaced by a piece of flexible material capable of absorbing displacements in all directions between the additional shaft 20 and the support shaft 10, for example of the type known as "silentbloc" ". It would then be formed an elastic connection between the support shaft 10 and the additional shaft 20.
  • a pair of rings mounted internally on the support shaft 10 and externally on the additional shaft 20 and comprising a bronze pad associated with a rubber ring.
  • any mounting allowing limited multidirectional travel of the additional shaft 20 on the support shaft 10 can be envisaged.
  • the abrasive blocks 51, 52, 53 may for example be of the type known under the reference 39C60KVX from NORTON.
  • the rotational speed of the grinding / shaving means 5 can be adapted to achieve speeds at the contact between the grinding blocks and the grinding surface of between 4 and 20 meters per second.
  • the speed of rotation can be chosen between 600 and 2000 revolutions per minute for tubes of internal diameter of between 160 and 200 mm, and preferably less than 180 mm. Speeds lower than those usually employed can make it possible to obtain satisfactory results.
  • the grinding can be performed in at least two phases during which the rotational speeds and / or their direction can be different. For example, during a so-called finishing phase, the rotation speed may be substantially lower than those previously used to obtain a "glazing" effect giving a smooth surface condition to the inner surface.
  • the abrasive blocks 51, 52, 53 may have an operational surface of a width, oriented in the longitudinal direction of the tubes 11, 12, here between 1 and 2 cm.
  • the target roughness of the internal surface after grinding / trimming can be between 7 and 2 ⁇ RMS roughness (ie between 275 and 79 microinches RMS).
  • RMS means "Root Mean Square” in English, which is “quadratic mean value”.
  • the carriage 100 has a very compact structure that reduces its size to penetrate into tubes of 150 mm in diameter, where the excess material is particularly harmful due to use and where the fatigue resistance is critical.
  • the installation shown in Figures 5A to 5F it is desired to extend an existing pipe.
  • the installation could also correspond to the construction of a new pipeline.
  • the pipe comprises in its initial state, shown in Figure 5A, a first tube 11 at the end of the pipe.
  • the pipeline is here underwater and the splicing of additional tubes is substantially vertically.
  • a floating platform such as a boat or a barge, provided in particular with a winch for suspending a carriage organized in a manner similar to the carriage 100 in the variant of FIG. 3.
  • the mechanical equipment disposed on the platform, apart from the carriage itself, is known.
  • the carriage is here suspended by a tail end and through the hook 9 opposite to that shown in Figure 1, which allows to retain access to the grinding wheel 5 and the wear parts that it comprises.
  • the carriage 100 is disposed in a housing 110 provided on the platform, above the tubes 11, 12.
  • the second tube 12 is initially arranged in a horizontal position. It is raised upright, above the first tube 11, and maintained in this position.
  • This intermediate state is represented in FIG. 5B.
  • the carriage is lowered to be extracted from the housing 110 and inserted into said tubes 11, 12 placed end to end. At this point, the tubes 11, 12 are substantially aligned and close to each other but not necessarily in contact.
  • This intermediate state is represented in FIG. 5C.
  • the clamping can for example be effected by means of the second flange 2, being inside the second tube 12, in the vicinity of the lower end thereof.
  • the first flange 1 is outside the second tube 12, below it.
  • the second tube 12 is precisely positioned with respect to the first tube 11 so that these tubes 11, 12 are mutually aligned and define a joint plane.
  • the relative positioning between the first tube 11 and the second tube 12 is then substantially that desired after welding, in the final state.
  • the first tube 11 is placed around the first flange 1.
  • This positioning step is referenced -b- in Figure 4.
  • a portion of the carriage is then disposed in the first tube 1 1 while a portion of the carriage is disposed in the second tube 12, cf. Figure 5D.
  • This position can serve as reference position of the carriage in the tubes 11, 12.
  • the carriage can be arranged so that the joint plane of the tubes 1 1, 12 is axially halfway between the first clamping mechanism 1 and the second clamping mechanism 2.
  • the first tube 1 1 is flanged internally with one of the clamping means of the carriage, here the first clamp 1.
  • This clamping is referenced in FIG. 4 and leads to the intermediate state represented in FIG. Figure 5D.
  • This clamping further allows, if necessary, to deploy a support during welding against the inner surface of the joint plane.
  • the removable annular piece described above can, here, serve as an internal support for welding.
  • the clamping steps -a and -c- of the tubes 11, 12 make it possible to align the latter mutually and to tighten them so that they can be welded at the level of the joint plane.
  • the first clamping step may be performed on the first tube and the second clamping step may be performed on the second tube.
  • the tubes 11, 12 are debrided and then the carriage is moved axially towards the second tube 12 (here upwards) so as to position the grinding wheel 5 to the right and / or near the joint plane.
  • the unclamping step is referenced while the moving step is referenced in FIG. 4 and leads to the intermediate state shown in FIG. 5E.
  • Unclamping frees the carriage from the tubes by making the flanges 1, 2 adopt a state devoid of engagement with said tubes.
  • the displacement distance corresponds to the displacement between the reference position (reached at the end of the step -b-) and the position for which the grinding wheel 5 is opposite the weld bead 13.
  • This distance corresponds to the known distance separating axially the transverse plane of the carriage located midway between the first flange 1 and the second flange 2 and the transverse plane of the carriage passing through the grinding wheel 5.
  • the positioning of the grinding wheel 5 can be performed under visual control of a user with the camera 8.
  • This clamping step is referenced in FIG. 4. This step makes it possible to center the carriage and to make its longitudinal axis coincide with the main axis XX of the tubes 1 1, 12.
  • step -f- In a variant where the grinding wheel 5 and the flanges 1, 2 are in an inverted order the grinding wheel 5 is above the clamping mechanisms 1, 2, then the direction of movement of the carriage of the step -f- is reversed. and the clamping of step -g- is carried out in the first tube 11.
  • the centering is improved by the implementation of a centering of the wheel 5, for example by radial expansion of the umbrella structure of the centering mechanism 4. This centering is referenced -h- in Figure 4.
  • the completion of the internal surface of the joint plane is then implemented by grinding and / or leveling the inner surface of the tubes 11, 12, by rotating the grinding wheel 5 to the right and / or near the joint plane and bidirectional translation (in back and forth) of said grinding wheel 5.
  • the grinding / trimming is performed on the inner surface of the weld bead 13.
  • the grinding / trimming is also performed on inner surface portions of the tubes 11, 12 located in close proximity to the Welding bead 13.
  • the inner surface portions of the tubes 11, 12 are substantially aligned, in particular by virtue of the holding clamping provided during the -d- welding step. Grinding / shaving tends to improve the regularity and roughness of this inner surface of the welded zone.
  • the combination of the rotation of the grinding / shaving means 5 and the bidirectional translation allows a pseudo-helical grinding.
  • the grinding / shaving step is referenced in FIG. 4.
  • two-way reciprocating translations could be carried out by a user controlling a displacement in axial translation of the second shaft 20 relative to the first shaft 10, the latter being secured to one of the tubes 11, 12 by clamping. .
  • This translation is carried out here by means of the motorized rolling elements 42 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. This operation can be performed while carrying out a visual inspection of the state of the ground and / or leveled surface, thanks to the apparatus of FIG. 8. Traveling in translation can also be automated.
  • the centering mechanism 4 has a structure comprising three pairs of rods 43, 44 positioned at 120 ° from each other. Each pair comprises a first rod 43 and a second rod 44 articulated to each other by a pivot link 66.
  • the first rod 43 comprises a first end fixed by a pivot connection to the support shaft 10 and a second end supporting one or more rolling elements, or wheels 42.
  • the second rod 44 comprises a first free end pivotally connected to a portion of a jack 64, which moves axially with respect to the shaft 10, for example of the pneumatic type.
  • the other part of the jack 64 is integral with the support shaft 10.
  • the second rod 44 comprises a second end connected to the first rod 43. The actuation of the jack 64 causes the wheel 42 to move relative to the first shaft 10, according to an essentially radial movement.
  • the rods 43, 44 which can be seen as support means, participate in the centering of the shaft 10 relative to the inner surface of a tube.
  • the rods 43, 44 facilitate the longitudinal movement of the carriage by rolling against the inner surface of the tubes in which the carriage is disposed.
  • Three cylinders 422 are arranged spaced apart in a radial plane from each other by about 120 °.
  • the body of each cylinder 422 is pivotally attached to the abutment 311 while the rod of each cylinder 422 is pivotally attached to the second shaft 20, here to the flange 700.
  • the actuation of the cylinders 422 causes the sliding of the second shaft 20 relative to the support shaft 10.
  • the reciprocating shaft can be reciprocated with respect to the support shaft 10.
  • linear electric motors can be used.
  • Pads of bronze or other material may be used for mounting the shaft 20 on the support shaft 10.
  • the plate 55 secured to the support 59, supports sheaths 54 via a respective axis 56, themselves arranged in pairs.
  • the plate 55 can not support three grinding blocks 51, 52, 53, but three pairs of grinding blocks 51, 52, 53, distributed around the circumference of the carriage, by example spaced apart by about 120 °.
  • the grinding blocks of a pair may be of different nature, for example consisting of a grinding material and / or shaving composition, hardness, grain size, binders different from each other.
  • the direction of rotation of the grinding wheel 5 in the tubes makes it possible to select the type of grinding block to put in contact with the weld bead 13, for example to apply different levels of surface finish.
  • Such a system could also be used in the embodiment of FIG.
  • two separate trays 55 can each support one of the two blocks 51, 52, 53 of each pair.
  • independent rotation of the plates 55 makes it possible to apply different speeds and / or directions of rotation between the two blocks of each pair.
  • the present invention thus allows a significant improvement in the quality of the welds.
  • This gain in quality is accompanied by a gain in productivity since the internal splicing and grinding / shaving operations are performed using the single device, and more specifically through an intermediate translation of the carriage. These gains lead to cost gains appreciated by the operators.
  • the carriage 100 With respect to a flange according to US Pat. No. 6,398,100, the carriage 100 provides space for cables and hoses inside the device. In addition, it allows a completion of the inner surface of the joint plane.
  • the carriage 100 differs from the device described in US Pat. No. 6,264,537, which relates to a device for renovating pipelines and tubular structures for the removal of protuberances inside the pipelines whose use is long, tedious and expensive because it is necessary. to unclamp the welded tubular parts and remove the clamping device of said tubular parts to use such a grinding device and then reinsert said clamping device to weld the next tubular piece.
  • the carriage can also be seen as a device for improving the surface condition of the inner wall of tubular parts intended to be placed end to end by welding at a joint plane located between a first tubular part and a second tubular piece, the device comprising displacement means along a main axis XX disposed inside said tubular parts of the internal clamping means and grinding and / or shaving means arranged inside the tubular pieces, characterized in that it further comprises at least a first shaft disposed along the main axis XX and supporting said clamping means, said moving means and said grinding / shaving means and in that it further comprises means location of the joint plane.
  • the device comprises at least a first shaft disposed along the main axis and supporting said clamping means, said moving means and said grinding / shaving means.
  • the device further comprises locating means of the joint plane.
  • the grinding / shaving means comprise one or more continuous or discontinuous annular grinding elements rotated about the main axis.
  • the device further comprises means for allowing a relative translation, along the main axis, between said grinding and / or shaving means and the clamping means.
  • the device further comprises a second outer shaft and coaxial with the first shaft and directly supporting said grinding means and / or shaving, and means for positioning the second shaft vis-à-vis the first shaft and means for relative translation along the axis between said first and second shafts.
  • the device comprises at least one annular support for said one or more grinding elements mounted outside said second shaft, and means are provided to allow relative rotation between said annular support and said second shaft.
  • the means provided to allow relative rotation between said annular support and said first and / or second hollow shafts consist of a mechanical bearing such as a ball or roller bearing.
  • Other means may be provided such as a lubricant.
  • the grinding / shaving means are arranged at one end of the device. This arrangement is particularly advantageous in the case of vertically oriented tubes because the device can thus be easily handled, with a minimum amplitude of translation; hence, gains in energy and time of operation.
  • the device further comprises means for centering the second tube vis-à-vis the inner wall of at least one tubular piece.
  • the centering means comprise bearing means on the inner wall of a tubular piece, terminated by motorized sliding elements, said bearing means are movable between a retracted position where they are not in contact with the wall. internal of the first and / or second tubular piece, and an extended position where they are in contact with the inner wall of the first and / or second tubular piece.
  • the device further comprises an attachment element mounted at one end of the device, preferably near the grinding / shaving means.
  • the location means of the joint plane are rotatably mounted on the second shaft and are selected from the group comprising a video camera, a camera, one or more optical fibers.
  • the invention also relates to a method of improving the surface condition of the inner wall of tubular parts intended to be placed end to end to be welded at a joint plane located between a first tubular part. and a second tubular piece, the method comprising steps of: (a) internally-clamping the first or second tubular piece by means of a clamping and grinding device as defined above, (b) -committing placing the second tubular piece so that the first and second tubular pieces are aligned and define a joint plane, (c) internal-clipping of the second or first tubular piece by means of said clamping and grinding device, d) -soldering of the two tubular parts at the joint plane by means of a device for welding tubular pieces, (i) grinding and / or shaving of the inner wall of the tubular pieces by rotationally driving the grinding / shaving means to the right and / or near the joint plane.
  • the method comprises between said steps (d) of welding and (i) grinding, a step of: (h) -centering the grinding / shaving means by deployment of the centering means.
  • the method comprises, after said step (d) of welding and before said step (h) of centering or (i) grinding, steps of (e) -bridging of the first and second tubular pieces; (f) axial displacement of the grinding / shaving means and optionally clamping means so as to position the grinding / shaving means at the right and / or near the joint plane; and optionally, (g) -bridging the first and / or second tubular member.
  • the grinding step (i) comprises a rotation drive of the grinding / shaving means combined with a bidirectional translation of said grinding / shaving means along the main axis of said tubular pieces.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for assisting the butt-joining of tubular parts by welding, the device including a support shaft 10, a pair of flanges 1, 2 mounted on the support shaft 10 and that are actuatable between a clamping state in which said two flanges can engage with the respective inner surfaces of a first and second tubular part 11, 12, and a released state, at least one grinding wheel 5 rotatably mounted on the support shaft 10 spaced apart from the first and second flanges, and at least one movement means 21, 22 secured to the support shaft 10. The pair of flanges is initially clamped onto the first tubular part and the second tubular part, respectively, in a first axial position of the shaft, suitable for firmly holding said tubular parts to be butted against one another in a position that is suitable for creating a welding seam between the first tubular part and the second tubular part. The movement means 21, 22 is operational after welding and the pair of flanges is at least partially located in the released position, in order to move the support shaft 10 into the first and/or second tubular part 11, 12 such as to move said grinding wheel closer to said welding seam. The support shaft 10 is held fixedly in said new position relative to at least one of the two welded tubular parts and the grinding wheel 5 is actuated so as to grind and/or plane down the welding seam and/or the adjacent region thereof on the inner surface of one or both of the first and second tubular parts.

Description

Dispositif et procédé d'aide au raboutage de pièces tubulaires  Device and method for assisting the splicing of tubular parts
L'invention se rapporte au domaine du raboutage de pièces tubulaires les unes aux autres, notamment pour former des pipelines et autres canalisations de transport de fluide. L'invention se rapporte plus précisément au raboutage par soudage. The invention relates to the field of splicing of tubular parts to each other, in particular to form pipelines and other fluid transport pipes. The invention relates more specifically to welding splicing.
Le soudage est généralement précédé d'une étape de mise en position des pièces tubulaires. Puis on réalise un cordon de soudure au niveau de ce que l'on appelle le plan de joint. Il est important de centrer et d'aligner de manière optimale les pièces tubulaires les unes par rapport aux autres pour obtenir une soudure satisfaisante.  The welding is generally preceded by a step of positioning the tubular pieces. Then we realize a weld bead at what is called the joint plane. It is important to center and optimally align the tubular parts relative to each other to obtain a satisfactory weld.
Par ailleurs, les dispositifs utilisés pour le soudage, typiquement des chariots supportant des torches qui sont déplacés en périphérie des pièces tubulaires, au voisinage du plan de joint, génèrent un excès de matière à l'intérieur des tubes, au niveau du plan de joint. Cette irrégularité de surface entraîne notamment des problèmes de tenue à la fatigue de l'assemblage.  Moreover, the devices used for welding, typically carriages carrying torches that are moved around the periphery of the tubular parts, in the vicinity of the joint plane, generate an excess of material inside the tubes, at the joint plane. . This surface irregularity notably causes fatigue problems of the assembly.
La tenue à la fatigue des joints soudés est influencée par des facteurs géométriques tels que la forme du cordon de soudure, l'alignement des pièces soudées, ainsi que les dimensions du cordon. Des paramètres métallurgiques influencent également la tenue à la fatigue. Il s'agit notamment de la nature du métal de base, du procédé de soudage en lui- même, de la présence de défauts de soudage ou encore du niveau des contraintes résiduelles après soudage. Le type de sollicitations mécaniques qui s'appliquent sur les pièces tubulaires impacte également la tenue à la fatigue de l'assemblage soudé. Il s'agit en particulier du mode de chargement, du gradient de sollicitations, de la bi axialité des contraintes, ou encore des contraintes environnementales.  The fatigue strength of the welded joints is influenced by geometric factors such as the shape of the weld bead, the alignment of the welded parts, and the dimensions of the bead. Metallurgical parameters also influence fatigue performance. These include the nature of the base metal, the welding process itself, the presence of welding defects or the level of residual stresses after welding. The type of mechanical stresses that apply to the tubular parts also impacts the fatigue strength of the welded assembly. This concerns in particular the loading mode, the stress gradient, the bi-axiality of the stresses, or the environmental constraints.
Les assemblages soudés présentent généralement une résistance à la fatigue inférieure aux pièces non soudées.  Welded assemblies generally have lower fatigue strength than unwelded parts.
En outre, toute soudure de raboutage, c'est-à-dire concernant deux pièces assemblées bout à bout, crée une discontinuité à l'intérieur des pièces formant la canalisation qui modifie la circulation des fluides, et la durée de vie de l'assemblage.  In addition, any splicing weld, that is to say, two pieces assembled end to end, creates a discontinuity inside the parts forming the pipe that modifies the flow of fluids, and the service life of the assembly.
L'écoulement d'un fluide dans une canalisation dépend, entre autres choses, de la rugosité de la paroi interne de cette canalisation : plus la rugosité est élevée plus l'écoulement est turbulent. Or les turbulences augmentent le coefficient de frottement du fluide sur la paroi, créent des vibrations et de la corrosion, au moins pour certains métaux. Ainsi la qualité du joint, ou raccord, est un paramètre important pour les phénomènes de corrosion en aval du raccord en question. The flow of a fluid in a pipe depends, among other things, on the roughness of the internal wall of this pipe: the higher the roughness, the more the flow is turbulent. Turbulence increases the coefficient of friction of the fluid on the wall, create vibrations and corrosion, at least for some metals. Thus the quality of the seal, or connection, is an important parameter for the corrosion phenomena downstream of the fitting in question.
On a pu identifier plusieurs types de dégradations sur les tubes métalliques. La corrosion- érosion est liée à l'écoulement du fluide dans le tube, et entraîne des dommages mécaniques résultant de l'effet hydrodynamique, en particulier par abrasion ou cavitation. La corrosion dite "caverneuse" désigne une attaque sélective du métal dans les fentes et autres interstices : elle se produit lorsque le profil de la soudure emprisonne du dioxygène. La présence de ce dioxygène provoque une acidification locale de l'électrolyte et conduit à un milieu plus corrosif. La corrosion dite "sous contrainte" résulte de l'effet combiné d'une sollicitation mécanique et d'un environnement agressif, par exemple en présence de matières corrosives en phase liquide.  Several types of damage to metal tubes have been identified. Corrosion-erosion is related to the flow of fluid in the tube, and causes mechanical damage resulting from the hydrodynamic effect, in particular by abrasion or cavitation. "Cavernous" corrosion refers to a selective attack of the metal in the slots and other interstices: it occurs when the profile of the weld traps oxygen. The presence of this oxygen causes local acidification of the electrolyte and leads to a more corrosive medium. The so-called "stress-induced" corrosion results from the combined effect of a mechanical stress and an aggressive environment, for example in the presence of corrosive materials in the liquid phase.
Dans tous les cas, il est déterminant d'avoir un cordon de soudure de bonne qualité, qui réduit sensiblement les effets de corrosion.  In any case, it is crucial to have a weld bead of good quality, which significantly reduces the effects of corrosion.
Par soudure de bonne qualité, on entend notamment une soudure dont la surface correspondant à l'intérieur des tubes est lisse, c'est-à-dire de faible rugosité.  Welding of good quality means in particular a weld whose surface corresponding to the inside of the tubes is smooth, that is to say of low roughness.
US 6,398,100 divulgue une bride pour le soutien de tubes pour la réalisation de pipelines comprenant au moins un ensemble de patins de bridage actionnés par un arbre central plein. On connaît également par la demande WO 2006/134284, un dispositif de centrage et de serrage destiné à améliorer la soudure de pièces tubulaires. Le dispositif en question permet d'aligner et de maintenir les pièces tubulaires pendant le soudage. Cependant, il n'est pas pleinement satisfaisant car à l'issue du soudage des pièces tubulaires, des fragments de matière peuvent être introduits dans lesdites pièces tubulaires et former des irrégularités et des saillies, notamment sur la surface interne, au niveau du plan de joint, ce qui entraîne les difficultés énoncées précédemment.  US 6,398,100 discloses a flange for supporting tubes for pipelines comprising at least one set of clamping shoes operated by a solid central shaft. Application WO 2006/134284 also discloses a centering and clamping device for improving the welding of tubular parts. The device in question makes it possible to align and maintain the tubular parts during welding. However, it is not fully satisfactory because after the welding of the tubular pieces, fragments of material can be introduced into said tubular pieces and form irregularities and projections, in particular on the inner surface, at the plane of the tube. attached, which leads to the difficulties outlined above.
Les dispositifs de ce type ne permettent pas un parachèvement de la surface interne du plan de joint. En particulier, ils sont inopérants dans la réalisation d'un meulage au voisinage du cordon de soudure.  Devices of this type do not allow a completion of the inner surface of the joint plane. In particular, they are ineffective in performing grinding in the vicinity of the weld bead.
En outre, les dispositifs connus utilisés pour le soudage ou le bridage nécessitent des appareillages électroniques et de nombreux câblages qui ne doivent pas gêner ni être endommagés par le soudage et le bridage des pièces tubulaires. Dans le cas du soudage de tubes en position verticale, se pose une diffculté supplémentaire liée à l'encombrement: en effet peu d'espace est disponible autour ou au-dessus des tubes à souder. In addition, known devices used for welding or clamping require electronic equipment and many wiring that should not hinder or be damaged by welding and clamping of the tubular parts. In the case of welding tubes in vertical position, there is an additional difficulty related to the space requirement: indeed, little space is available around or above the tubes to be welded.
Les exigences en matière de qualité de soudure sont de plus en plus grandes, et difficiles à réaliser dans de telles conditions. En outre les temps de réalisation d'une soudure doivent être minimisés.  The requirements for weld quality are becoming larger and difficult to achieve under such conditions. In addition, the times of completion of a weld must be minimized.
Dans le cas du soudage de tubes dans des applications offshore, en particulier lorsqu'ils sont soudés verticalement et soumis à des sollicitations en fatigue et/ou en corrosion, les technologies existantes présentent des lacunes.  In the case of pipe welding in offshore applications, particularly when they are vertically welded and subjected to fatigue and / or corrosion stresses, existing technologies have shortcomings.
L'invention vise à pallier les inconvénients de l'état de la technique.  The invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art.
L'invention concerne un dispositif d'aide au raboutage de pièces tubulaires par soudage. Le dispositif comprend : The invention relates to a device for assisting the splicing of tubular parts by welding. The device comprises:
un arbre support ;  a support tree;
une paire de brides montée sur l'arbre support et actionnables entre un état de serrage où ces deux brides peuvent venir en prise avec les surfaces intérieures respectives d'une première et d'une seconde pièce tubulaire, et un état relâché,  a pair of flanges mounted on the support shaft and operable between a clamping state where these two flanges can engage the respective inner surfaces of a first and a second tubular member, and a relaxed state,
au moins une meule montée à rotation sur l'arbre support à distance de la première et de la seconde bride,  at least one grinding wheel rotatably mounted on the support shaft at a distance from the first and second flanges,
au moins un support de déplacement solidaire de l'arbre support,  at least one displacement support integral with the support shaft,
la paire de brides étant d'abord mises en serrage sur la première pièce tubulaire et la seconde pièce tubulaire, respectivement, dans une première position axiale de l'arbre, propre à maintenir fermement ces pièces tubulaires à rabouter l'une en face de l'autre dans une position propre à la réalisation du cordon de soudure entre la première pièce tubulaire et la seconde pièce tubulaire,  the pair of flanges being first clamped on the first tubular member and the second tubular member, respectively, in a first axial position of the shaft, adapted to firmly hold these tubular pieces to be butted against each other. another in a position suitable for producing the weld bead between the first tubular part and the second tubular part,
le support de déplacement étant opérable après soudage, la paire de brides se trouvant au moins partiellement en position relâchée, de manière à déplacer l'arbre support à l'intérieur de la première et/ou de la seconde pièce tubulaire pour rapprocher ladite meule du cordon de soudure,  the displacement support being operable after welding, the pair of flanges being at least partially in the relaxed position, so as to move the support shaft within the first and / or second tubular piece to bring said grinding wheel closer together; weld seam,
l'arbre support étant maintenu dans cette nouvelle position par rapport à l'une au moins des deux pièces tubulaires soudées et la meule étant actionnée pour meuler et/ou araser le cordon de soudure et/ou son voisinage sur la surface intérieure de l'une et/ou l'autre de la première et la seconde pièce tubulaire. Selon un autre aspect l'invention concerne un procédé d'aide au raboutage de pièces tubulaires par soudage, dans lequel on utilise un dispositif comprenant un arbre support, une paire de brides montée sur l'arbre support et actionnables entre un état de serrage où ces deux brides peuvent venir en prise avec les surfaces intérieures respectives d'une première et d'une seconde pièce tubulaire, et un état relâché, au moins une meule montée à rotation sur l'arbre support à distance de la première et de la seconde bride, au moins un support de déplacement solidaire de l'arbre support, ledit procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes : the support shaft being held in this new position relative to at least one of the two welded tubular parts and the grinding wheel being actuated to grind and / or sharpen the weld bead and / or its vicinity on the inner surface of the one and / or the other of the first and the second tubular part. According to another aspect, the invention relates to a method for joining the tubular parts by welding, wherein a device comprising a support shaft, a pair of flanges mounted on the support shaft and operable between a clamping state where these two flanges can engage with the respective inner surfaces of a first and a second tubular part, and a relaxed state, at least one wheel rotatably mounted on the support shaft at a distance from the first and second flange, at least one displacement support integral with the support shaft, said method comprising the following steps:
a. mettre en serrage la paire de brides sur la première pièce tubulaire et la seconde pièce tubulaire, respectivement, dans une première position axiale de l'arbre, propre à maintenir fermement ces pièces tubulaires à rabouter l'une en face de l'autre dans une position propre à la réalisation du cordon de soudure entre la première pièce tubulaire et la seconde pièce tubulaire ; at. clamping the pair of flanges on the first tubular member and the second tubular member, respectively, in a first axial position of the shaft, adapted to firmly hold these tubular pieces to be tacked opposite one another in a position suitable for producing the weld bead between the first tubular part and the second tubular part;
b. souder la première pièce tubulaire et la seconde pièce tubulaire l'une à l'autre ; c. actionner la paire de brides en position au moins partiellement relâchée ; b. soldering the first tubular member and the second tubular member together; vs. actuating the pair of flanges in at least partially relaxed position;
d. faire opérer le support de déplacement de manière à déplacer l'arbre support à l'intérieur de la première et/ou de la seconde pièce tubulaire pour rapprocher ladite meule du cordon de soudure, d. operating the displacement support so as to move the support shaft within the first and / or second tubular piece to bring said grinding wheel to the weld bead,
e. maintenir dans cette nouvelle position l'arbre support par rapport à l'une au moins des deux pièces tubulaires soudées, e. maintain in this new position the support shaft relative to at least one of the two welded tubular parts,
f. actionner la meule pour meuler et/ou araser le cordon de soudure et/ou son voisinage sur la surface intérieure de l'une et/ou l'autre de la première et la seconde pièce tubulaire. f. operating the grinding wheel to grind and / or sharpen the weld seam and / or its vicinity on the inner surface of one and / or the other of the first and second tubular members.
D'autres caractéristiques, détails et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée ci-après, et des dessins annexés, sur lesquels :  Other features, details and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following detailed description, and the appended drawings, in which:
la figure 1 montre un schéma du chariot de travail, vu en coupe selon deux plans longitudinaux écartés de 120°;  Figure 1 shows a diagram of the working carriage, seen in section along two longitudinal planes spaced 120 °;
la figure 2 montre une partie du chariot de la figure 1, vue en perspective isométrique ;  Figure 2 shows a portion of the carriage of Figure 1, isometric perspective view;
la figure 3 montre un schéma d'une partie d'un chariot en variante du chariot de la figure 1, vue en coupe selon deux plans longitudinaux écartés de 120°; la figure 4 montre un diagramme d'étapes illustrant un procédé de raboutage de tubes ; Figure 3 shows a diagram of a portion of a carriage variant of the carriage of Figure 1, sectional view along two longitudinal planes spaced 120 °; Figure 4 shows a step diagram illustrating a pipe splicing process;
les figures 5A à 5F montrent des schémas illustrant les étapes du procédé de la figure 4 appliqué au soudage de tubes raboutés verticalement ; et  Figs. 5A to 5F show diagrams illustrating the steps of the method of Fig. 4 applied to welding vertically spliced tubes; and
la figure 6 est analogue à la figure 3 pour une autre variante de réalisation du chariot de travail de la figure 1.  Figure 6 is similar to Figure 3 for another alternative embodiment of the working carriage of Figure 1.
Les dessins annexés comprennent des éléments de caractère certain. Ils pourront donc, non seulement servir à compléter l'invention, mais aussi contribuer à sa définition, le cas échéant.  The attached drawings include elements of a certain character. They can therefore not only serve to complete the invention, but also contribute to its definition, if any.
Pour plus de clarté, les éléments identiques ou similaires sont repérés par des signes de référence identiques sur l'ensemble des figures.  For the sake of clarity, identical or similar elements are marked with identical reference signs throughout the figures.
On fait référence à la figure 1.  Reference is made to FIG.
Celle-ci montre le dispositif proposé à savoir un chariot de travail 100 dans son intégralité. This shows the proposed device namely a working trolley 100 in its entirety.
Le chariot de travail 100 comprend un cylindre allongé formant arbre support 10. L'arbre support 10 est creux. The working carriage 100 comprises an elongate cylinder forming a support shaft 10. The support shaft 10 is hollow.
Ici, l'arbre support 10 présente cinq parties adjacentes les unes aux autres, ou segments longitudinaux, qui sont référencés 71 à 75 de gauche à droite sur la figure 1, d'une extrémité à l'autre de l'arbre support 10.  Here, the support shaft 10 has five parts adjacent to each other, or longitudinal segments, which are referenced 71 to 75 from left to right in FIG. 1, from one end to the other of the support shaft 10.
Le premier segment 71 supporte des moyens ayant pour fonction de déplacer et fixer le chariot dans des tubes,  The first segment 71 supports means having the function of moving and fixing the carriage in tubes,
La deuxième partie, ou second segment 72, adjacent au premier segment 71 et éloigné de ladite première extrémité porte des moyens ayant pour fonction de lier la première section 71 au reste du dispositif,  The second part, or second segment 72, adjacent to the first segment 71 and remote from said first end carries means whose function is to link the first section 71 to the rest of the device,
La troisième partie, ou troisième segment 73, adjacent au second segment 72, porte des moyens ayant pour fonction de positionner/déplacer des outils de la section suivante par rapport à l'arbre support 10,  The third part, or third segment 73, adjacent to the second segment 72, carries means having the function of positioning / moving tools of the following section with respect to the support shaft 10,
La quatrième partie, ou quatrième segment 74, adjacent au troisième segment 73, porte des moyens ayant pour fonction le meulage/arasage des tubes, et La cinquième partie, ou cinquième segment 75, adjacent au quatrième segment 74 est situé à la deuxième extrémité (à droite sur la figure 1). Le cinquième segment 75 porte des moyens ayant pour fonction d'accrocher le dispositif à des éléments extérieurs tel qu'un treuil. The fourth part, or fourth segment 74, adjacent to the third segment 73, carries means whose function is the grinding / shaving of the tubes, and The fifth portion, or fifth segment 75, adjacent to the fourth segment 74 is located at the second end (right in FIG. 1). The fifth segment 75 carries means having the function of hanging the device to external elements such as a winch.
Le chariot 100 comprend des moyens de bridage sous la forme d'une première bride 1 et d'une seconde bride 2, montées à proximité l'une de l'autre sur l'arbre support 10, au niveau du premier segment 71. Ici la première bride 1 et la seconde bride 2 sont montées au voisinage du second segment 72.  The carriage 100 comprises clamping means in the form of a first flange 1 and a second flange 2, mounted close to each other on the support shaft 10, at the first segment 71. Here the first flange 1 and the second flange 2 are mounted adjacent the second segment 72.
Chaque bride 1, 2 comprend un ensemble de patins répartis en périphérie de l'arbre support 10 et qui peuvent être déployés radialement en faisant saillie de l'arbre support 10 à l'actionnement de la bride en question. Les brides 1, 2 sont parfois appelées "clamp" dans la technique.  Each flange 1, 2 comprises a set of pads distributed at the periphery of the support shaft 10 and which can be deployed radially protruding from the support shaft 10 to the actuation of the flange in question. Flanges 1, 2 are sometimes referred to as "clamp" in the art.
Les brides 1,2 opèrent par application d'une force de contact orientée radialement vers l'extérieur du chariot 100.  The flanges 1, 2 operate by applying a contact force oriented radially towards the outside of the carriage 100.
Ici, les brides 1, 2 sont du type décrit dans la demande internationale publiée sous le numéro WO 2006/134284. Des brides de type différent peuvent également être employées, par exemple des brides comprenant des éléments gonflables.  Here, the flanges 1, 2 are of the type described in the international application published under the number WO 2006/134284. Flanges of different types may also be employed, for example flanges comprising inflatable elements.
Le chariot 100 muni de brides et de moyens de meulage/arasage peut être nommé « Clamp ».  The carriage 100 provided with flanges and grinding / shaving means can be called "Clamp".
Le chariot 100 est destiné à être logé à l'intérieur de tubes pour aider à leur raboutage par soudure. Le chariot 100 peut être disposé à cheval entre deux tubes, de manière que la première bride 1 se trouve à l'intérieur de l'un de ces tubes, au voisinage de son extrémité, tandis que la seconde bride 2 se trouve à l'intérieur de l'autre tube, également au voisinage de son extrémité.  The carriage 100 is intended to be housed inside tubes to help their solder splicing. The carriage 100 can be placed astride between two tubes, so that the first flange 1 is inside one of these tubes, near its end, while the second flange 2 is at the end of the tube. inside the other tube, also near its end.
Dans cette position de l'arbre support 10, la première bride 1 et la seconde bride 2 peuvent être actionnées pour que leurs patins respectifs viennent en prise sur la surface intérieure du premier tube et du second tube respectivement. Le premier tube et le second tube se trouvent alors maintenus fermement l'un en face de l'autre, en une position mutuelle qui permet leur assemblage par soudage.  In this position of the support shaft 10, the first flange 1 and the second flange 2 can be actuated so that their respective pads engage on the inner surface of the first tube and the second tube respectively. The first tube and the second tube are then held firmly against each other in a mutual position that allows their assembly by welding.
Cette position du chariot par rapport aux deux tubes peut être considérée comme une position de référence pour des déplacements futurs du chariot dans les tubes. Après le soudage, les brides 1, 2 peuvent être actionnées de manière que leurs patins respectifs se rapprochent de l'arbre support 10 en s'éloignant de la surface intérieure de leur tube respectif. This position of the carriage relative to the two tubes can be considered as a reference position for future movements of the carriage in the tubes. After the welding, the flanges 1, 2 can be actuated so that their respective pads approach the support shaft 10 away from the inner surface of their respective tube.
Les brides 1, 2 peuvent agir comme mécanismes de fixation du chariot 100 dans un ou plusieurs tubes. Les brides 1, 2 peuvent être mises en prise avec la surface intérieure d'un unique tube. Autrement dit, lorsque la première bride 1 et/ou la seconde bride 2 sont actionnées, elle viennent en prise avec la surface intérieure de l'un et/ou l'autre des tubes de manière à y fixer l'arbre support 10.  The flanges 1, 2 can act as fixing mechanisms of the carriage 100 in one or more tubes. The flanges 1, 2 can be engaged with the inner surface of a single tube. In other words, when the first flange 1 and / or the second flange 2 are actuated, they engage the inner surface of one and / or the other of the tubes so as to fix the support shaft 10 therein.
Le chariot 100 comprend en outre des moyens de guidage et de déplacement solidaires de l'arbre 10 qui lui permettent d'être déplacé de manière guidée à l'intérieur de pièces tubulaires, en particulier suivant la direction longitudinale de celles-ci.  The carriage 100 further comprises guide and displacement means integral with the shaft 10 which allow it to be moved in a guided manner inside tubular parts, in particular in the longitudinal direction thereof.
Ici, les moyens de guidage et de déplacement comprennent un premier support à roulettes 21 et un second support à roulettes 22 montés sur l'arbre support 10 à distance l'un de l'autre, au niveau du premier segment 71.  Here, the guide and displacement means comprise a first roller support 21 and a second roller support 22 mounted on the support shaft 10 at a distance from one another, at the level of the first segment 71.
Le premier support 21 est situé au voisinage d'une extrémité de l'arbre support 10, tandis que le second support 22 est situé au voisinage de la première bride 1.  The first support 21 is located near one end of the support shaft 10, while the second support 22 is located in the vicinity of the first flange 1.
Chaque support à roulette 21, 22 comprend ici une structure à tringles articulées portant les roulettes et qui peut être actionnée pour déplacer celles-ci radialement en faisant saillie de l'arbre support 10. Chaque support à roulettes 21, 22 comprend une paire de flasque en vis-à-vis montés sur l'arbre 10. A chaque fois l'un des flasques est solidaire de l'arbre 10 au moins en translation longitudinale tandis que l'autre des flasques est monté libre en translation par rapport à l'arbre 10, et est contraint par un ressort travaillant en compression vers le flasque fixe. Cette structure permet aux supports 21, 22 de s'adapter à des variations de diamètre intérieur des tubes. Chaque support à roulettes 21, 22 comprend trois roues ou roulettes montées chacune à pivotement à une extrémité respective de deux bras, dont les extrémités opposées sont montées à pivotement sur l'un et l'autre des flasques du support, respectivement. Les roulettes sont disposées sensiblement dans un plan radial, écartées les unes des autres d'environ 120°. Chaque support à roulettes 21, 22 comprend ainsi trois paires de bras, les bras de chaque paire étant articulés l'un par rapport à l'autre à l'une de leur extrémité. Les roulettes peuvent être folles ou mues en rotation sous l'effet d'un moteur, au moins pour certaines d'entre elles. Each roller support 21, 22 here comprises a hinged rod structure carrying the rollers and which can be actuated to move the latter radially protruding from the support shaft 10. Each roller support 21, 22 comprises a pair of flange facing each other mounted on the shaft 10. Each time one of the flanges is secured to the shaft 10 at least in longitudinal translation while the other of the flanges is mounted free in translation relative to the shaft 10, and is constrained by a spring working in compression towards the fixed flange. This structure allows the supports 21, 22 to adapt to variations in the internal diameter of the tubes. Each roller support 21, 22 comprises three wheels or casters each pivotally mounted at a respective end of two arms, the opposite ends of which are pivotally mounted to one and the other of the support flanges, respectively. The rollers are arranged substantially in a radial plane, spaced apart from each other by about 120 °. Each wheel support 21, 22 thus comprises three pairs of arms, the arms of each pair being articulated with respect to one another at one of their ends. The wheels can be crazy or rotated under the effect of a motor, at least for some of them.
Lorsque le chariot 100 se trouve à l'intérieur d'une ou plusieurs pièces tubulaires, les supports à roulettes 21, 22 sont au contact de la surface intérieure des pièces tubulaires. Le chariot 100 est alors maintenu à l'intérieur des tubes par l'intermédiaire des supports à roulettes 21, 22 et peut y être déplacé, principalement selon l'axe longitudinal XX de ces tubes.  When the carriage 100 is inside one or more tubular pieces, the roller supports 21, 22 are in contact with the inner surface of the tubular pieces. The carriage 100 is then held inside the tubes via the roller supports 21, 22 and can be moved there, mainly along the longitudinal axis XX of these tubes.
En particulier, les supports à roulettes 21, 22 sont actifs au moins après le soudage des tubes entre eux. Les supports à roulettes 21, 22 ne sont pas nécessairement actifs lorsque les brides 1, 2 sont en prise.  In particular, the roller supports 21, 22 are active at least after welding the tubes together. The roller supports 21, 22 are not necessarily active when the flanges 1, 2 are engaged.
Après le soudage et pour la fixation de l'arbre support 10 par rapport aux tubes durant le meulage/arasage, l'arbre support 10 est maintenu fixement dans cette nouvelle position afin de maintenir fixement l'arbre support 10 par rapport à l'une au moins des deux pièces tubulaires soudées. Le maintien de cette position est réalisable par exemple par la mise en serrage de la paire de brides 1, 2. Lorsque le support de déplacement 21, 22 est muni de roulettes motorisées ou de patins, il peut être utilisé comme fonction de serrage équivalente à celle des brides. Le maintien peut être réalisé par une combinaison des brides 1, 2 et du support de déplacement 21, 22.  After welding and for fixing the support shaft 10 with respect to the tubes during grinding / shaving, the support shaft 10 is fixedly held in this new position in order to firmly hold the support shaft 10 relative to one another. at least two welded tubular parts. The maintenance of this position can be achieved for example by clamping the pair of flanges 1, 2. When the displacement support 21, 22 is provided with motorized rollers or pads, it can be used as a clamping function equivalent to that of the flanges. The holding can be achieved by a combination of the flanges 1, 2 and the displacement support 21, 22.
Le chariot 100 peut comprendre des supports à roulettes supplémentaires, montés sur l'arbre support 10, de préférence à distance de chacun des supports 21, 22, pour réaliser un guidage plus long.  The carriage 100 may comprise additional wheel supports, mounted on the support shaft 10, preferably spaced apart from each of the supports 21, 22, to provide a longer guide.
Les roulettes des supports 21, 22 peuvent être remplacées par des patins recouverts d'un matériau à la fois dur et à faible coefficient de frottement sur l'acier pour faire glisser le chariot 100 dans les tubes. Les roulettes peuvent également être remplacées par des billes. The wheels of the supports 21, 22 may be replaced by pads covered with a material both hard and low coefficient of friction on the steel to slide the carriage 100 in the tubes. The wheels can also be replaced by balls.
Le chariot 100 comprend en outre une meule 5 en tant que moyen de meulage/arasage. La meule 5 est montée sur l'arbre support 10, au moins avec possibilité de rotation autour de l'axe central de l'arbre support 10. Ici, la meule 5 se trouve au niveau du quatrième segment 74. The carriage 100 further comprises a grinding wheel 5 as a grinding / shaving means. The grinding wheel 5 is mounted on the support shaft 10, at least with possibility of rotation about the central axis of the support shaft 10. Here, the grinding wheel 5 is at the fourth segment 74.
Le chariot 100 comprend encore un mécanisme centreur 4 en tant que moyens de centrage pour la meule 5. Le mécanisme centreur 4 est monté sur l'arbre support 10, au niveau du troisième segment 73, à proximité de la meule 5. Le chariot 100 comprend en outre un élément de connexion et de protection monté sur l'arbre 10, au niveau du second segment 72, par exemple sous la forme d'un soufflet 3.The carriage 100 also comprises a centering mechanism 4 as centering means for the grinding wheel 5. The centering mechanism 4 is mounted on the support shaft 10, at the level of the third segment 73, close to the grinding wheel 5. The carriage 100 further comprises a connection and protection element mounted on the shaft 10, at the second segment 72, for example in the form of a bellows 3.
Le chariot 100 comporte également au moins un crochet 9, en tant que moyen d'accrochage. Le crochet 9 est monté sur l'arbre 10 au niveau du cinquième segment 75, à l'extrémité de l'arbre 10. Bien que non représenté, le chariot 100 comporte un crochet analogue à l'extrémité de l'arbre 10 éloignée du cinquième segment 75, c'est-à-dire l'extrémité de l'arbre support 10 opposée à l'extrémité montrée sur la figure 1. The carriage 100 also comprises at least one hook 9, as hooking means. The hook 9 is mounted on the shaft 10 at the fifth segment 75, at the end of the shaft 10. Although not shown, the carriage 100 has a hook similar to the end of the shaft 10 away from the fifth segment 75, that is to say the end of the support shaft 10 opposite the end shown in Figure 1.
Le crochet 9 permet le maintien, le levage et/ou la manutention du chariot, par exemple au moyen d'un treuil.  The hook 9 allows the maintenance, lifting and / or handling of the carriage, for example by means of a winch.
Ici, le chariot 100 comprend encore un support à roulettes supplémentaire 90 en tant que moyen de roulement. Le support à roulettes supplémentaire 90 est monté sur l'arbre 10, à proximité du crochet 9, au niveau du cinquième segment 75. Le support à roulettes supplémentaire 90 présente un flasque monté sur l'arbre 10, sur lequel sont respectivement attachés trois bras articulés, à l'une de leur extrémité, l'extrémité opposée de chaque bras portant une roulette respective. Le support à roulettes supplémentaire 90 permet un guidage supplémentaire du chariot 100 à l'intérieur des tubes. Le support supplémentaire 90 sert notamment à l'introduction du chariot 100 dans un tube.  Here, the carriage 100 further includes an additional roller support 90 as a rolling means. The additional wheel support 90 is mounted on the shaft 10, near the hook 9, at the fifth segment 75. The additional wheel support 90 has a flange mounted on the shaft 10, on which three arms are respectively attached. articulated, at one end, the opposite end of each arm carrying a respective wheel. The additional wheel support 90 allows additional guidance of the carriage 100 inside the tubes. The additional support 90 is used in particular for introducing the carriage 100 into a tube.
Le chariot comprend en outre un appareil de prise de vues 8, tel qu'une caméra, faisant partie de ce que l'on pourrait appeler des moyens d'aide à la localisation et au contrôle. L'appareil de prise de vues 8 est monté sur l'arbre support 10 à proximité de la meule 5. Il permet de localiser le plan de joint ou le cordon de soudure de manière à en approcher la meule 5 lorsque l'on déplace le chariot 100 à l'intérieur des tubes, dans la direction longitudinale de ceux-ci. Il permet également de contrôler la qualité du meulage effectué. De préférence, une ou plusieurs sources de lumière sont également montées sur l'arbre 10, au voisinage de l'appareil de prise de vues 8. Un support d'enregistrement peut également être prévu.  The carriage further comprises a camera 8, such as a camera, forming part of what could be called locating and control aids. The camera 8 is mounted on the support shaft 10 close to the grinding wheel 5. It allows to locate the joint plane or the weld bead so as to approach the grinding wheel 5 when moving the trolley 100 inside the tubes, in the longitudinal direction thereof. It also makes it possible to control the quality of the grinding performed. Preferably, one or more light sources are also mounted on the shaft 10, in the vicinity of the camera 8. A recording medium may also be provided.
L'appareil 8 comprend par exemple une caméra dédiée à l'inspection de tubes. Elle est sélectionnée pour sa compacité, son étanchéité et pour son objectif résistant à l'abrasion. L'appareil 8 peut en outre être muni d'une source lumineuse. En variante, l'appareil 8 peut comprendre une caméra de type endoscopique. Une ou plusieurs fibres optiques pourraient également être utilisées en remplacement ou en complément de l'appareil 8. L'arbre support 10 forme un axe central du chariot 100. Ή lui confère une certaine rigidité.The apparatus 8 comprises for example a camera dedicated to the inspection of tubes. It is selected for its compactness, tightness and abrasion resistant lens. The apparatus 8 may further be provided with a light source. Alternatively, the apparatus 8 may include an endoscopic type camera. One or more optical fibers could also be used in place of or in addition to the apparatus 8. The support shaft 10 forms a central axis of the carriage 100. Ή gives it a certain rigidity.
De préférence, l'arbre support 10 est creux et d'un diamètre intérieur suffisant pour permettre le passage de câbles et flexibles nécessaires au fonctionnement des différents organes du chariot 100. La paroi de l'arbre support 10 présente alors des orifices adaptés au passage de ces câbles et/ou flexibles. Preferably, the support shaft 10 is hollow and of sufficient internal diameter to allow the passage of cables and hoses necessary for the operation of the various members of the carriage 100. The wall of the support shaft 10 then has holes adapted to the passage these cables and / or flexible.
Par exemple, l'arbre support 10 présente un diamètre externe d'environ 38 mm et un diamètre interne d'environ 20 mm, pour un encombrement du chariot d'environ 140 mm de diamètre. Le chariot 100 présente ainsi un canal central dont le diamètre représente environ 15 % de l'encombrement externe du chariot.  For example, the support shaft 10 has an outer diameter of about 38 mm and an internal diameter of about 20 mm, for a carriage size of about 140 mm in diameter. The carriage 100 thus has a central channel whose diameter represents approximately 15% of the external dimensions of the carriage.
Le chariot 100 comprend en outre un ou plusieurs distributeurs pneumatiques et un ou plusieurs réservoirs d'air comprimé 200, montés sur le premier segment 71 de l'arbre 10, entre les supports à roulettes 21, 22.  The carriage 100 further comprises one or more pneumatic distributors and one or more compressed air tanks 200, mounted on the first segment 71 of the shaft 10, between the roller supports 21, 22.
En option, l'arbre 10 pourrait également supporter un parapluie sous la forme d'un flasque caoutchouc pour récupérer les poussières de meulage, en particulier lorsque le chariot 100 est utilisé en position verticale, ainsi qu'un ou plusieurs rugosimètres pour vérifier le meulage/arasage effectué.  Optionally, the shaft 10 could also support an umbrella in the form of a rubber flange for recovering grinding dust, especially when the carriage 100 is used in a vertical position, and one or more roughness measuring devices for checking the grinding / shaving done.
À l'usage, le chariot 100 représenté sur la figure 1 est de préférence disposé dans des tubes adjacents de manière que le tube d'extrémité d'une conduite de tubes se trouve à gauche tandis qu'un nouveau tube à abouter est amené par la droite. L'accès à la meule 5, qui contient des pièces d'usure, se trouve ainsi facilité.  In use, the carriage 100 shown in Figure 1 is preferably disposed in adjacent tubes so that the end tube of a pipe line is on the left while a new butt tube is fed through. the right. Access to the wheel 5, which contains wear parts, is thus facilitated.
On fait référence aux figures 2 et 3.  Reference is made to Figures 2 and 3.
La meule 5 comprend trois blocs abrasifs, ou de meulage, référencés 51, 52 et 53 qui sont montés à rotation sur un arbre support supplémentaire 20, tubulaire. La meule 5 pourrait comprendre un nombre différent de blocs abrasifs.  The grinding wheel 5 comprises three abrasive or grinding blocks, referenced 51, 52 and 53 which are rotatably mounted on an additional support shaft 20, tubular. The grinding wheel 5 could comprise a different number of abrasive blocks.
La meule 5 comprend un support annulaire 59, en forme de manchon, monté à rotation sur l'arbre supplémentaire 20 par l'intermédiaire d'une paire de paliers rotatifs 656, tels que des roulements à billes ou équivalents. Le support annulaire 59 est solidaire d'une couronne dentée 655 qui engrène avec trois roues dentées 654 ou pignon, chacune entraînée par un moteur respectif 651. Les moteurs 651 sont fixés à un flasque commun 700 solidaire de l'arbre supplémentaire 20. En variante, la meule 5 pourrait ne comprendre qu'un unique moteur 651 entraînant une unique roue dentée 654. Les moteurs 651 entraînent le support 59 en rotation par rapport à l'arbre supplémentaire 20. The grinding wheel 5 comprises a sleeve-shaped annular support 59 rotatably mounted on the additional shaft 20 via a pair of rotary bearings 656, such as ball bearings or the like. The annular support 59 is integral with a ring gear 655 which meshes with three toothed wheels 654 or pinion, each driven by a respective motor 651. The motors 651 are fixed to a common flange 700 secured to the additional shaft 20. Alternatively, the wheel 5 could comprise only one motor 651 driving a single gear wheel 654. The motors 651 drive the support 59 in rotation relative to the additional shaft 20.
À titre illustratif des moteurs commercialisés par la société Atlas Copco sous la référence LZB 14 A029-11 peuvent être utilisés.  As an illustration of engines marketed by Atlas Copco under the reference LZB 14 A029-11 can be used.
Les blocs de meulage 51, 52, 53 sont fixés chacun dans un fourreau 54 respectif en forme de "U". Les fourreaux 54 sont reliés entre eux par des ressorts. Les fourreaux 54 sont reliés à un plateau, ou disque 55, solidaire du support annulaire 59. Chaque fourreau 54 est monté à rotation sur un axe respectif 56 lequel axe fait saillie du disque 55. Le disque 55 est disposé radialement, et chaque axe 56 est disposé sensiblement dans une direction perpendiculaire au plan principal du disque 55. Chaque fourreau 54 est relié au voisinage de son extrémité éloignée de l'axe 56 qui le porte à l'axe 56 du fourreau 54 adjacent par un ressort de rappel. Les ressorts de rappel permettent la rétractation de chaque fourreau 54 lorsque la rotation des blocs de meulage 51, 52, 53 s'arrête ou ralentie.  The grinding blocks 51, 52, 53 are each fixed in a respective U-shaped sheath 54. The sleeves 54 are interconnected by springs. The sleeves 54 are connected to a plate, or disk 55, integral with the annular support 59. Each sleeve 54 is rotatably mounted on a respective axis 56 which axis projects from the disk 55. The disk 55 is arranged radially, and each axis 56 is disposed substantially in a direction perpendicular to the main plane of the disc 55. Each sleeve 54 is connected to the vicinity of its end remote from the axis 56 which carries it to the axis 56 of the sleeve 54 adjacent by a return spring. The return springs allow retraction of each sleeve 54 when the rotation of the grinding blocks 51, 52, 53 stops or slows down.
La mise en rotation du support 59 et du plateau 55 grâce aux moteurs 651 provoque le déploiement des fourreaux 54 par effet centrifuge. Ce déploiement correspond, pour les fourreaux 54, à un écartement de l'arbre supplémentaire 20 sensiblement radialement. The rotation of the support 59 and the plate 55 thanks to the motors 651 causes the deployment of the sleeves 54 by centrifugal effect. This deployment corresponds, for the sleeves 54, to a spacing of the additional shaft 20 substantially radially.
Les blocs abrasifs 51, 52, 53 sont entraînés en rotation autour de l'arbre support 10. The abrasive blocks 51, 52, 53 are rotated around the support shaft 10.
Les blocs abrasifs 51, 52, 53 sont au moins partiellement constitués d'un matériau qui permet le meulage et/ou l'arasage.  The abrasive blocks 51, 52, 53 are at least partially made of a material that allows grinding and / or shaving.
La meule 5 est actionnée lorsque les brides 1, 2 sont en prise avec la surface intérieure de l'un des tubes et que l'arbre support 10 se trouve dans une position axiale par rapport à ces tubes telles que les blocs abrasifs 51, 52, 53 se trouvent sensiblement au droit du cordon de soudure entre ces tubes.  The grinding wheel 5 is actuated when the flanges 1, 2 are engaged with the inner surface of one of the tubes and the support shaft 10 is in an axial position with respect to these tubes such as the abrasive blocks 51, 52 , 53 are substantially to the right of the weld bead between these tubes.
Le chariot 100 pourrait fonctionner avec une meule de structure différente.  The carriage 100 could operate with a wheel of different structure.
L'arbre supplémentaire 20 est monté sur l'arbre support 10 avec possibilité de translation relative selon l'axe longitudinal de l'arbre support 10. L'amplitude de ce déplacement axial relatif entre l'arbre support 10 et l'arbre supplémentaire 20 est limitée par une première butée 311 et une seconde butée 314 solidaires du premier arbre 10 entre lesquelles est monté l'arbre supplémentaire 20. Cette translation se fait sous la contrainte d'un ressort de compression 30, en appui sur la butée 311 et qui pousse l'arbre supplémentaire 20 contre la seconde butée 314. The additional shaft 20 is mounted on the support shaft 10 with possibility of relative translation along the longitudinal axis of the support shaft 10. The amplitude of this relative axial displacement between the support shaft 10 and the additional shaft 20 is limited by a first stop 311 and a second stop 314 integral with the first shaft 10 between which is mounted the additional shaft 20. This translation is under the constraint of a spring of compression 30, bearing on the stop 311 and pushing the additional shaft 20 against the second stop 314.
Dans la variante illustrée sur les figures 1 et 2, le ressort 30 est en appui contre la seconde butée 314 et plaque l'arbre supplémentaire 20 contre la première butée 313.  In the variant illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the spring 30 bears against the second stop 314 and plates the additional shaft 20 against the first stop 313.
Dans la variante de la figure 3, le ressort 30 est logé dans le soufflet 3.  In the variant of Figure 3, the spring 30 is housed in the bellows 3.
Ici, le montage de l'arbre supplémentaire 20 sur l'arbre support 10 est réalisé par l'intermédiaire d'un premier jeu 33 de contacts à bille et d'un second jeu 34 de contacts à bille à distance l'un de l'autre. Cette distance est telle qu'un guidage long de l'arbre supplémentaire 20 sur l'arbre support 10 est réalisé.  Here, the mounting of the additional shaft 20 on the support shaft 10 is achieved by means of a first set of ball contacts 33 and a second set of remote ball contacts, one of them. 'other. This distance is such that a long guide of the additional shaft 20 on the support shaft 10 is made.
Chacun du premier jeu 33 et du second jeu 34 comprend ici trois contacts à bille situés dans un plan radial et régulièrement répartis à la périphérie de l'arbre support 10.  Each of the first set 33 and the second set 34 here comprises three ball contacts located in a radial plane and uniformly distributed around the periphery of the support shaft 10.
Chaque contact comprend une bille 331 déplaçable radialement à l'encontre d'un ressort 333 respectif travaillant en compression. Ici, les billes 331 et leurs ressorts 333 sont à chaque fois disposés dans des logements 36 respectifs ouverts sur la surface intérieure de l'arbre supplémentaire 20.  Each contact comprises a ball 331 movable radially against a respective spring 333 working in compression. Here, the balls 331 and their springs 333 are each placed in respective housings 36 open on the inner surface of the additional shaft 20.
Le déplacement axial relatif entre l'arbre support 10 et le second arbre 20 est guidé par l'action de contacts 33 à billes 331 montés sur ressorts 333.  The relative axial displacement between the support shaft 10 and the second shaft 20 is guided by the action of 33 ball contacts 331 mounted on springs 333.
Les jeux de contacts à bille 33, 34 autorisent en outre un débattement multidirectionnel cinématiquement équivalent à un principe double-cardan.  The sets of ball contacts 33, 34 also allow a multidirectional movement kinematically equivalent to a double-gimbal principle.
Ce débattement est limité en amplitude par trois tétons ou doigts 312 qui font saillie radialement de la surface extérieure de l'arbre support 10, tandis que l'arbre supplémentaire 20 comprend trois rainures correspondantes (non représentées) sensiblement longitudinales qui logent chacune l'un des doigts 312 avec un jeu correspondant à ladite amplitude. En variante, un seul doigt 312 pourrait être prévu.. L'arbre supplémentaire 20 est ainsi solidaire en rotation de l'arbre support 10.  This deflection is limited in amplitude by three nipples or fingers 312 which project radially from the outer surface of the support shaft 10, while the additional shaft 20 comprises three corresponding grooves (not shown) substantially longitudinal, each housing one of fingers 312 with a clearance corresponding to said amplitude. As a variant, a single finger 312 could be provided. The additional shaft 20 is thus rotationally fixed to the support shaft 10.
On peut ainsi centrer l'arbre supplémentaire 20 par rapport aux surfaces intérieures des tubes indépendamment du centrage de l'arbre support 10 par rapport à ces surfaces.  It is thus possible to center the additional shaft 20 with respect to the inner surfaces of the tubes independently of the centering of the support shaft 10 with respect to these surfaces.
La meule 5 peut être déplacée axialement par rapport à l'arbre support 10 en déplaçant l'arbre 20. La meule 5 peut également être centrée par rapport aux surfaces intérieures des tubes. En variante, les tétons 312 pourraient être solidaires de l'arbre supplémentaire 20 tandis que les rainures seraient ménagées dans l'arbre support 10. The wheel 5 can be moved axially relative to the support shaft 10 by moving the shaft 20. The grinding wheel 5 can also be centered with respect to the inner surfaces of the tubes. Alternatively, the pins 312 could be integral with the additional shaft 20 while the grooves would be formed in the support shaft 10.
L'arbre supplémentaire 20 est libre de se translater par coulissement par rapport à l'arbre support 10, suivant une direction axiale de celui-ci, chaque téton 312 étant alors déplacé le long de la rainure.  The additional shaft 20 is free to translate slidably relative to the support shaft 10 in an axial direction thereof, each pin 312 then being moved along the groove.
La meule 5 est solidaire en translation de l'arbre supplémentaire 20.  The grinding wheel 5 is integral in translation with the additional shaft 20.
L'arbre supplémentaire 20 est mobile en translation par rapport à l'arbre support 10, et sensiblement solidaire en rotation de cet arbre 10. Le support 59 est solidaire en translation de l'arbre supplémentaire 20, mais libre en rotation par rapport à lui.  The additional shaft 20 is movable in translation relative to the support shaft 10, and substantially integral in rotation with this shaft 10. The support 59 is integral in translation with the additional shaft 20, but free to rotate relative to it .
Le mécanisme centreur 4 présente une structure dite "en parapluie" comprenant trois paires de tiges 41, les tiges de chaque paire étant reliées entre elles par une liaison pivot 65.  The centering mechanism 4 has a structure called "umbrella" comprising three pairs of rods 41, the rods of each pair being interconnected by a pivot link 65.
Chaque tige 41 supporte à l'une de ses extrémités un élément roulant, ou roue 42.  Each rod 41 supports at one of its ends a rolling element, or wheel 42.
Dans chaque paire : In each pair:
l'une des tiges 41 est attachée à son extrémité opposée à sa roue 42 respective au flasque 700 du second arbre 20, avec liberté de pivotement;  one of the rods 41 is attached at its end opposite its respective wheel 42 to the flange 700 of the second shaft 20, with pivoting freedom;
l'autre des tiges 41 est attachée à son extrémité opposée à sa roue 42 respective à une partie d'un vérin 64 commun, avec liberté de pivotement. Cette partie du vérin 64 est déplaçable longitudinalement par rapport à une partie du vérin 64 qui est fixée à l'arbre supplémentaire 20. L'actionnement du vérin 64 fait se déployer les roues 42 par rapport à l'arbre supplémentaire 20 selon un mouvement essentiellement radial.  the other of the rods 41 is attached at its end opposite its respective wheel 42 to a portion of a cylinder 64 common, with pivoting freedom. This part of the jack 64 is displaceable longitudinally relative to a portion of the jack 64 which is fixed to the additional shaft 20. The actuation of the jack 64 causes the wheels 42 to deploy with respect to the additional shaft 20 in a movement essentially radial.
Lorsque le chariot 100 se trouve à l'intérieur d'un tube, ce déploiement se poursuit jusqu'à ce que chacune des roues 42 vienne en appui contre la surface intérieure du tube, ce qui a pour conséquence de centrer l'arbre supplémentaire 20 par rapport à cette surface intérieure.  When the carriage 100 is inside a tube, this deployment continues until each of the wheels 42 comes to bear against the inner surface of the tube, which has the effect of centering the additional shaft 20 relative to this inner surface.
Le déploiement des roues 42 est actionné lorsque les brides 1 , 2 sont en prise sur l'un des tubes.  The deployment of the wheels 42 is actuated when the flanges 1, 2 are engaged on one of the tubes.
Le mécanisme centreur 4 est actionnable entre une position rétractée où lesdits éléments roulants 42 sont éloignés de la surface interne d'un tube et une position déployée où lesdits éléments roulants 42 sont en contact avec la surface interne d'un tube. Lorsque le mécanisme centreur 4 est hors de prise, l'arbre supplémentaire 20 se trouve en appui contre la seconde butée 314 grâce au ressort 30 et adopte une position de " garage ".The centering mechanism 4 is operable between a retracted position where said rolling elements 42 are remote from the inner surface of a tube and an extended position where said rolling elements 42 are in contact with the inner surface of a tube. When the centering mechanism 4 is out of engagement, the additional shaft 20 is in abutment against the second stop 314 through the spring 30 and adopts a position of "garage".
Ici, les tiges 41 sont montées en trois ensembles de deux tiges à déploiement opposé, positionnées à 120° les unes des autres. Here, the rods 41 are mounted in three sets of two rods with opposite deployment, positioned at 120 ° from each other.
Le déploiement en parapluie, commandé par l'intermédiaire du vérin 64, permet un déplacement essentiellement radial du second arbre 20 par rapport à l'arbre support 10. The deployment in umbrella, controlled via the jack 64, allows a substantially radial displacement of the second shaft 20 relative to the support shaft 10.
Les tiges 41, qui peuvent être vues comme des moyens d'appui, permettent de centrer la meule 5 par rapport à la surface intérieure d'un tube. The rods 41, which can be seen as support means, allow to center the grinding wheel 5 relative to the inner surface of a tube.
Ici les roues 42 peuvent chacune être entraînées par un moteur respectif 422, ce qui provoque la translation de l'arbre supplémentaire 20 par rapport à l'arbre support 10.  Here the wheels 42 can each be driven by a respective motor 422, which causes the translation of the additional shaft 20 relative to the support shaft 10.
Lorsque l'arbre support 10 est maintenu fixement dans un tube par les brides 1, 2, la meule 5 peut alors être animée d'un mouvement de va-et-vient par rapport à la surface intérieure du tube.  When the support shaft 10 is fixedly held in a tube by the flanges 1, 2, the grinding wheel 5 can then be moved back and forth relative to the inner surface of the tube.
Dit autrement, par roulage des roues 42 contre la surface interne du tube ou de l'assemblage de tubes dans lequel est monté le chariot, le mécanisme centreur 4 agit aussi comme un moyen de déplacement, essentiellement longitudinal, du second arbre 20, et des moyens de meulage 5 qui lui sont solidaires, par rapport au tube. Dans le cas où l'arbre support 10 est fixé au tube, par exemple au moyen des brides 1, 2 précitées, le mécanisme centreur 4 forme aussi un moyen de déplacement essentiellement longitudinal du second arbre 20, et des moyens de meulage 5 qui lui sont solidaires, par rapport à l'axe support 10.  In other words, by rolling the wheels 42 against the inner surface of the tube or the tube assembly in which the carriage is mounted, the centering mechanism 4 also acts as a means of displacement, essentially longitudinal, of the second shaft 20, and grinding means 5 which are integral with it, relative to the tube. In the case where the support shaft 10 is fixed to the tube, for example by means of the aforementioned flanges 1, 2, the centering mechanism 4 also forms a substantially longitudinal displacement means of the second shaft 20, and grinding means 5 which are integral with respect to the support axis 10.
On fait plus particulièrement référence à la figure 3.  Reference is made more particularly to FIG.
Le chariot 100 est montré dans une position de travail dans laquelle il est inséré à l'intérieur de pièces tubulaires, à savoir à cheval entre un premier tube 1 1 et un second tube 12, reliés entre eux par un cordon de soudure 13 au niveau d'un plan de joint. Les deux pièces tubulaires 1 1, 12 et le cordon de soudure qui les lie forme un assemblage solidaire. La meule 5 est sensiblement au droit du cordon 13.  The carriage 100 is shown in a working position in which it is inserted inside tubular pieces, namely astride between a first tube 1 1 and a second tube 12, interconnected by a weld bead 13 at the of a joint plan. The two tubular parts 1 1, 12 and the weld bead which binds them forms a solid assembly. The grinding wheel 5 is substantially at the right of the cord 13.
Lors du soudage du métal d'apport pénètre entre les extrémités des tubes 11 et 12, et peut couler de la surface interne de ces tubes 1 1, 12. Pour limiter ces bavures, une pièce annulaire, par exemple sous la forme d'un flasque amovible, peut être disposée contre les surfaces internes des tubes 11, 12 dans le plan de joint durant le soudage puis retirée ensuite. Cette pièce annulaire qui est parfois appelée " support envers " dans la technique, peut être réalisée en deux demi-cylindre démontables et dont le diamètre extérieur correspond sensiblement au diamètre intérieur des tubes 11, 12. Elle est visible sur la figure 1 sous la référence 710. During the welding of the filler metal enters between the ends of the tubes 11 and 12, and can flow from the inner surface of these tubes 1 1, 12. To limit these burrs, an annular piece, for example in the form of a removable flange, can be arranged against internal surfaces of the tubes 11, 12 in the joint plane during welding and then removed. This annular piece which is sometimes called "backing" in the art, can be made in two removable half-cylinders and whose outer diameter substantially corresponds to the inner diameter of the tubes 11, 12. It is visible in Figure 1 under the reference 710.
Préalablement au soudage, les supports à roulettes 21, 22 peuvent être utilisés pour déplacer l'arbre support 10 jusqu'à positionner les brides 1, 2 par rapport aux tubes 1 1, 12. La bride 1 est disposée dans le premier tube 11 à proximité de son extrémité tandis que la seconde bride 2 est disposée dans le second tube 12 à proximité de son extrémité.  Prior to welding, the roller supports 21, 22 may be used to move the support shaft 10 to position the flanges 1, 2 relative to the tubes 1 1, 12. The flange 1 is disposed in the first tube 11 to near its end while the second flange 2 is disposed in the second tube 12 near its end.
La position relative de la première bride 1 et de la seconde bride 2 est fixée par leurs positions sur l'arbre support 10.  The relative position of the first flange 1 and the second flange 2 is fixed by their positions on the support shaft 10.
Le premier tube 11 est enfilé autour d'une portion du chariot tandis que le second tube 12 est enfilé autour du reste du chariot.  The first tube 11 is threaded around a portion of the carriage while the second tube 12 is threaded around the rest of the carriage.
Lorsque la position relative des tubes et du chariot est atteinte, les brides 1, 2 sont actionnées ce qui fixe ladite position. Le soudage peut alors être réalisé.  When the relative position of the tubes and the carriage is reached, the flanges 1, 2 are actuated which fixes said position. The welding can then be performed.
Après soudage, les brides 1, 2 sont à nouveau actionnées pour débrider chacun des tubes, la position relative de ces tubes étant désormais fixée du fait du cordon de soudure 13. After welding, the flanges 1, 2 are again actuated to unclamp each of the tubes, the relative position of these tubes being now fixed because of the weld bead 13.
Les supports à roulettes 21 , 22 sont ensuite utilisés pour déplacer le chariot 100 jusqu'à positionner la meule 5 au niveau et/ou à proximité du cordon de soudure 13 On actionne les brides 1, 2 de manière à rendre solidaire l'arbre support 10 aux tubes. La meule 5 se trouvant en position de garage, on actionne le mécanisme centreur 4 et on positionne finement la meule 5 relativement au joint. The roller supports 21, 22 are then used to move the carriage 100 to position the grinding wheel 5 at and / or near the weld bead 13 The flanges 1, 2 are actuated so as to make the support shaft integral 10 to the tubes. With the grinding wheel 5 in the garage position, the centering mechanism 4 is actuated and the grinding wheel 5 is finely positioned relative to the joint.
Cette position de meulage est celle représentée en figure 3.  This grinding position is that shown in FIG.
Dans le cas de raboutage de tubes sensiblement à l'horizontale avec l'utilisation d'un chariot dont l'agencement axial mutuel des outils est similaire à celui du chariot 100 de la figure 1, la première portion 71 supportant les supports à roulettes 21, 22 et les brides 1, 2 est déplacée dans le premier tube 11 dans une direction opposée au plan de joint, ici à gauche de la figure 3.  In the case of pipe splicing substantially horizontally with the use of a carriage whose mutual axial arrangement of tools is similar to that of the carriage 100 of Figure 1, the first portion 71 supporting the roller supports 21 , 22 and the flanges 1, 2 is moved in the first tube 11 in a direction opposite to the plane of joint, here on the left of Figure 3.
Lorsque la position de meulage est atteinte, les brides 1, 2 sont actionnées pour fixer l'arbre 10 aux tubes 11, 12. La position de l'arbre support 10 du chariot dans l'assemblage des tubes 11, 12 est fixée par l'actionnement des brides 1, 2. Dans le cas de raboutage de tubes sensiblement à la verticale, la portion supportant les roues 42 est remontée pour venir positionner la meule 5 au niveau du cordon de soudure 13. When the grinding position is reached, the flanges 1, 2 are actuated to fix the shaft 10 to the tubes 11, 12. The position of the carrier shaft 10 of the carriage in the assembly tubes 11, 12 is fixed by the actuation of the flanges 1, 2. In the case of pipe splicing substantially vertically, the portion supporting the wheels 42 is raised to come to position the grinding wheel 5 at the weld bead 13 .
La meule 5 est centrée par rapport à la surface intérieure du premier tube 11 et du second tube 12.  The grinding wheel 5 is centered with respect to the inner surface of the first tube 11 and the second tube 12.
Le meulage est réalisé sur la surface interne de l'assemblage des tubes 11, 12 et du cordon de soudure 13.  The grinding is performed on the inner surface of the assembly of the tubes 11, 12 and the weld bead 13.
Les moyens de meulage/arasage peuvent être actionnés pour meuler l'excès de matière qui se trouve au niveau de plan de joint et ainsi parachever l'assemblage du premier tube 11 et du second tube 12 entre eux par soudage en obtenant un profil lisse, sans aspérités au niveau du plan de joint et du cordon de soudure 13, côté envers de soudure, c'est-à-dire du côté des surfaces intérieures des tubes. Le raccord intérieur entre le cordon de soudure et chacune des pièces tubulaires est régulier. On obtient ainsi des durées de vie des pièces soudées supérieures à celles observées à l'état brut de soudage.  The grinding / shaving means can be actuated to grind the excess material that is at the joint plane and thus complete the assembly of the first tube 11 and the second tube 12 between them by welding to obtain a smooth profile, without asperities at the joint plane and the weld bead 13, side weld side, that is to say on the side of the inner surfaces of the tubes. The inner connection between the weld bead and each of the tubular parts is regular. This gives durations of life welded parts higher than those observed in the raw state of welding.
L'axe de l'arbre support 10 coïncide en fonctionnement sensiblement avec l'axe principal XX des pièces tubulaires 11, 12 mises bout à bout.  The axis of the support shaft 10 coincides in operation substantially with the main axis XX of the tubular parts 11, 12 placed end to end.
Le mécanisme centreur 4 participe au positionnement de la meule 5 au niveau et/ou à proximité du plan de joint, en regard du cordon de soudure 13, y compris lors des mouvements de translation des moyens de meulage 5 par rapport au premier arbre support 10.  The centering mechanism 4 contributes to the positioning of the grinding wheel 5 at and / or near the joint plane, facing the weld bead 13, including during the translational movements of the grinding means 5 with respect to the first support shaft 10 .
L'appareil de prise de vue 8 aide au positionnement longitudinal du chariot dans les tubes. L'appareil de prise de vue 8 est avantageusement monté à proximité de la meule 5 pour contrôler visuellement le positionnement de la meule et/ou l'état de la surface interne des tubes 11, 12 et/ou du cordon de soudure 13, et/ou l'état d'usure des blocs abrasifs 51, 52, 53.  The camera 8 helps longitudinal positioning of the carriage in the tubes. The camera 8 is advantageously mounted near the grinding wheel 5 to visually check the positioning of the grinding wheel and / or the state of the inner surface of the tubes 11, 12 and / or the weld bead 13, and / or the state of wear of the abrasive blocks 51, 52, 53.
L'appareil de prise de vue 8 est monté à rotation autour de l'arbre supplémentaire 20. Il est attaché à un support annulaire 61, en forme de manchon, monté à rotation sur l'arbre supplémentaire 20 par l'intermédiaire de paliers rotatifs 659, tels que des roulements à billes ou équivalents.  The camera 8 is rotatably mounted around the additional shaft 20. It is attached to a sleeve-shaped annular support 61 rotatably mounted on the additional shaft 20 via rotary bearings. 659, such as ball bearings or the like.
Le support annulaire 61 est solidaire d'une couronne dentée 665 qui engrène avec une roue dentée 664, entraînée par un moteur respectif 82. L'appareil de prise de vue 8 peut être déplacé de manière contrôlée sur la circonférence du chariot, par exemple pour inspecter le cordon de soudure 13 et son état de surface intérieur. The annular support 61 is integral with a ring gear 665 which meshes with a toothed wheel 664, driven by a respective motor 82. The camera 8 can be moved in a controlled manner around the circumference of the carriage, for example to inspect the weld bead 13 and its internal surface condition.
Le chariot 100 comprend ici un conduit d'aspiration 711 disposé à l'intérieur de l'arbre support 10 dont une première extrémité non représentée est connectée à une unité d'aspiration. L'extrémité opposée comprend une ouverture d'aspiration 712 disposée à proximité des surfaces abrasives de la meule 5. En fonctionnement le conduit d'aspiration 711 permet d'aspirer les déchets et particules résultant de l'abrasion.  The carriage 100 here comprises a suction duct 711 disposed inside the support shaft 10, a first end of which is not shown is connected to a suction unit. The opposite end comprises a suction opening 712 disposed near the abrasive surfaces of the grinding wheel 5. In operation the suction duct 711 is used to suck the waste and particles resulting from the abrasion.
En variante, l'aspiration peut être remplacée/complétée par un ou plusieurs aimants permanents ou électro-aimants capable de piéger les particules magnétiques, telles que la limaille de fer, libérées lors du meulage/arasage. Ce type d'éléments permet de limiter la pollution intérieure des tubes et l'encrassement du dispositif lui-même.  Alternatively, the suction can be replaced / supplemented by one or more permanent magnets or electromagnets capable of trapping magnetic particles, such as iron filings, released during grinding / trimming. This type of element makes it possible to limit the internal pollution of the tubes and the fouling of the device itself.
Le soufflet prévu à une extrémité de l'arbre supplémentaire 20 permet de protéger à ce niveau la liaison avec les brides 1, 2, ou autres outils.  The bellows provided at one end of the additional shaft 20 can protect at this level the connection with the flanges 1, 2, or other tools.
Les ressorts 333 des contacts à billes pourraient être remplacés par une pièce en matériau souple capable d'absorber les déplacements dans toutes les directions entre l'arbre supplémentaire 20 et l'arbre support 10, par exemple du type connu sous le nom de " silentbloc ". Il serait alors formé une liaison élastique entre l'arbre support 10 et l'arbre supplémentaire 20. En variante encore, on pourrait prévoir une paire de bagues montées intérieurement sur l'arbre support 10 et extérieurement sur l'arbre supplémentaire 20 et comprenant un patin en bronze associé à une bague en caoutchouc.  The springs 333 of the ball contacts could be replaced by a piece of flexible material capable of absorbing displacements in all directions between the additional shaft 20 and the support shaft 10, for example of the type known as "silentbloc" ". It would then be formed an elastic connection between the support shaft 10 and the additional shaft 20. In another variant, it is possible to provide a pair of rings mounted internally on the support shaft 10 and externally on the additional shaft 20 and comprising a bronze pad associated with a rubber ring.
Plus généralement, tout montage permettant un débattement multidirectionnel limité de l'arbre supplémentaire 20 sur l'arbre support 10 peut être envisagé.  More generally, any mounting allowing limited multidirectional travel of the additional shaft 20 on the support shaft 10 can be envisaged.
Les blocs abrasifs 51, 52, 53 peuvent par exemple être du type connu sous la référence 39C60KVX de la société NORTON. La vitesse de rotation des moyens de meulage/arasage 5 peut être adaptée pour atteindre des vitesses au niveau du contact entre les blocs de meulage et la surface à meuler comprise entre 4 et 20 mètres par seconde. Par exemple, la vitesse de rotation peut être choisie comprise entre 600 et 2000 tours par minute pour des tubes de diamètre intérieur compris entre 160 et 200 mm, et de préférence inférieur à 180 mm. Des vitesses inférieures à celles usuellement employées peuvent permettre d'obtenir des résultats satisfaisants. Le meulage peut être réalisé en au moins deux phases pendant lesquelles les vitesses de rotation et/ou leur sens peuvent être différents. Par exemple, durant une phase dite de finition, la vitesse de rotation peut être sensiblement inférieure à celles précédemment utilisées pour obtenir un effet de " glaçage " donnant un état de surface lisse à la surface interne. The abrasive blocks 51, 52, 53 may for example be of the type known under the reference 39C60KVX from NORTON. The rotational speed of the grinding / shaving means 5 can be adapted to achieve speeds at the contact between the grinding blocks and the grinding surface of between 4 and 20 meters per second. For example, the speed of rotation can be chosen between 600 and 2000 revolutions per minute for tubes of internal diameter of between 160 and 200 mm, and preferably less than 180 mm. Speeds lower than those usually employed can make it possible to obtain satisfactory results. The grinding can be performed in at least two phases during which the rotational speeds and / or their direction can be different. For example, during a so-called finishing phase, the rotation speed may be substantially lower than those previously used to obtain a "glazing" effect giving a smooth surface condition to the inner surface.
Les blocs abrasifs 51, 52, 53 peuvent présenter une surface opérationnelle d'une largeur, orientée selon la direction longitudinale des tubes 11, 12, ici comprise entre 1 et 2 cm. The abrasive blocks 51, 52, 53 may have an operational surface of a width, oriented in the longitudinal direction of the tubes 11, 12, here between 1 and 2 cm.
Des excès de matière à l'intérieur de 5 mm et des dénivelés " highlow " (ou " HILO ") de 5 mm peuvent parfois être rencontrés. Excess material inside 5 mm and highlifts "highlow" (or "HILO") of 5 mm can sometimes be encountered.
La rugosité visée de la surface interne après meulage/arasage peut être comprise entre 7 et 2 μιη de rugosité RMS (soit entre 275 et 79 micropouces RMS). RMS signifie " Root Mean Square " en anglais, soit " valeur moyenne quadratique ".  The target roughness of the internal surface after grinding / trimming can be between 7 and 2 μιη RMS roughness (ie between 275 and 79 microinches RMS). RMS means "Root Mean Square" in English, which is "quadratic mean value".
Le chariot 100 présente une structure très compacte qui permet de réduire son encombrement jusqu'à pénétrer dans des tubes de 150 mm de diamètre, là où l'excès de matière est particulièrement nuisible du fait de l'usage et où la résistance à la fatigue est critique.  The carriage 100 has a very compact structure that reduces its size to penetrate into tubes of 150 mm in diameter, where the excess material is particularly harmful due to use and where the fatigue resistance is critical.
On fait référence à la figure 4 et aux figures 5A à 5F.  Reference is made to Figure 4 and Figures 5A to 5F.
Dans l'installation représentée aux figures 5A à 5F, on souhaite rallonger une canalisation existante. L'installation pourrait également correspondre à la construction d'une nouvelle canalisation. La canalisation comprend en son état initial, représenté en figure 5A, un premier tube 11 à l'extrémité de la canalisation. La canalisation est ici sous-marine et le raboutage de tubes supplémentaires se fait sensiblement verticalement.  In the installation shown in Figures 5A to 5F, it is desired to extend an existing pipe. The installation could also correspond to the construction of a new pipeline. The pipe comprises in its initial state, shown in Figure 5A, a first tube 11 at the end of the pipe. The pipeline is here underwater and the splicing of additional tubes is substantially vertically.
Pour rallonger cette canalisation, on souhaite fixer un second tube 12 à l'extrémité du premier tube 11 lui-même déjà fixé par son autre extrémité à un tube initial 14.  To lengthen this pipe, it is desired to fix a second tube 12 at the end of the first tube 11 itself already fixed at its other end to an initial tube 14.
Les opérations décrites dans l'exemple suivant sont réalisées et pilotées depuis une plateforme flottante, telle qu'un bateau ou une barge, munie notamment d'un treuil permettant de suspendre un chariot organisé de manière semblable au chariot 100 dans la variante de la figure 3.  The operations described in the following example are carried out and controlled from a floating platform, such as a boat or a barge, provided in particular with a winch for suspending a carriage organized in a manner similar to the carriage 100 in the variant of FIG. 3.
L'appareillage mécanique disposé sur la plateforme, mis à part le chariot lui-même, est connu. Le chariot est ici suspendu par une extrémité de queue et par l'intermédiaire du crochet 9 opposé à celui indiqué sur la figure 1, ce qui permet de conserver l'accès à la meule 5 et aux pièces d'usure qu'elle comporte. The mechanical equipment disposed on the platform, apart from the carriage itself, is known. The carriage is here suspended by a tail end and through the hook 9 opposite to that shown in Figure 1, which allows to retain access to the grinding wheel 5 and the wear parts that it comprises.
Initialement, le chariot 100 est disposé dans un logement 110 prévu sur la plateforme, au- dessus des tubes 11, 12.  Initially, the carriage 100 is disposed in a housing 110 provided on the platform, above the tubes 11, 12.
Le second tube 12 est initialement disposé en position horizontale. Il est relevé en position verticale, au-dessus du premier tube 11, et maintenu dans cette position. Cet état intermédiaire est représenté en figure 5B. Le chariot est abaissé pour être extrait du logement 110 et inséré dans lesdits tubes 11, 12 mis bout à bout. À ce stade, les tubes 11, 12 sont sensiblement alignés et proches l'un de l'autre mais pas nécessairement en contact. Cet état intermédiaire est représenté en figure 5C.  The second tube 12 is initially arranged in a horizontal position. It is raised upright, above the first tube 11, and maintained in this position. This intermediate state is represented in FIG. 5B. The carriage is lowered to be extracted from the housing 110 and inserted into said tubes 11, 12 placed end to end. At this point, the tubes 11, 12 are substantially aligned and close to each other but not necessarily in contact. This intermediate state is represented in FIG. 5C.
On commence par brider par l'intérieur le second tube 12 avec l'une des brides du chariot. Cette étape est référencée -a- sur la figure 4. Le bridage peut par exemple s'effectuer au moyen de la seconde bride 2, se trouvant à l'intérieur du second tube 12, au voisinage de l'extrémité basse de ce dernier. La première bride 1 se trouve à l'extérieur du second tube 12, en-dessous de lui.  We begin by clamping from the inside the second tube 12 with one of the flanges of the carriage. This step is referenced -a- in Figure 4. The clamping can for example be effected by means of the second flange 2, being inside the second tube 12, in the vicinity of the lower end thereof. The first flange 1 is outside the second tube 12, below it.
On positionne précisément le second tube 12 par rapport au premier tube 11 de sorte que ces tubes 11, 12 soient mutuellement alignés et définissent un plan de joint. Le positionnement relatif entre le premier tube 11 et le second tube 12 est alors sensiblement celui souhaité après soudage, à l'état final. Lors de cette étape, le premier tube 11 est mis en place autour de la première bride 1. Cette étape de positionnement est référencé -b- sur la figure 4. Une portion du chariot est alors disposée dans le premier tube 1 1 tandis qu'une portion du chariot est disposée dans le second tube 12, cf. figure 5D. Cette position peut servir de position de référence du chariot dans les tubes 11, 12. Par exemple, le chariot peut être disposé de sorte que le plan de joint des tubes 1 1 , 12 soit axialement à mi-chemin entre le premier mécanisme de bridage 1 et le second mécanisme de bridage 2.  The second tube 12 is precisely positioned with respect to the first tube 11 so that these tubes 11, 12 are mutually aligned and define a joint plane. The relative positioning between the first tube 11 and the second tube 12 is then substantially that desired after welding, in the final state. During this step, the first tube 11 is placed around the first flange 1. This positioning step is referenced -b- in Figure 4. A portion of the carriage is then disposed in the first tube 1 1 while a portion of the carriage is disposed in the second tube 12, cf. Figure 5D. This position can serve as reference position of the carriage in the tubes 11, 12. For example, the carriage can be arranged so that the joint plane of the tubes 1 1, 12 is axially halfway between the first clamping mechanism 1 and the second clamping mechanism 2.
Ensuite, on bride par l'intérieur le premier tube 1 1 avec l'un des moyens de bridage du chariot, ici la première bride 1. Ce bridage est référencé -c- sur la figure 4 et conduit à l'état intermédiaire représenté en figure 5D. Ce bridage permet en outre, si nécessaire, de déployer un support lors du soudage contre la surface intérieure du plan de joint. La pièce annulaire amovible décrite précédemment peut, ici, faire office de support interne pour le soudage. Les étapes de bridage -a- et -c- des tubes 11, 12 permettent d'aligner ces derniers mutuellement et les serrer de sorte qu'ils puissent être soudés au niveau du plan de joint. En variante, la première étape -a- de bridage peut être réalisée sur le premier tube 11 et la seconde étape de bridage -c- être réalisée sur le second tube 12. Then, the first tube 1 1 is flanged internally with one of the clamping means of the carriage, here the first clamp 1. This clamping is referenced in FIG. 4 and leads to the intermediate state represented in FIG. Figure 5D. This clamping further allows, if necessary, to deploy a support during welding against the inner surface of the joint plane. The removable annular piece described above can, here, serve as an internal support for welding. The clamping steps -a and -c- of the tubes 11, 12 make it possible to align the latter mutually and to tighten them so that they can be welded at the level of the joint plane. As a variant, the first clamping step may be performed on the first tube and the second clamping step may be performed on the second tube.
Une fois les tubes 11, 12 bridés, on les soude entre eux, au niveau du plan de joint à l'aide d'un dispositif de soudage extérieur, non représenté. Cette étape de soudage est référencée -d- sur la figure 4.  Once the tubes 11, 12 flanged, they are welded together at the joint plane with the aid of an external welding device, not shown. This welding step is referenced in FIG. 4.
Après soudage, on débride les tubes 11, 12 puis l'on déplace axialement le chariot vers le second tube 12 (ici vers le haut) de sorte à positionner la meule 5 au droit et/ou à proximité du plan de joint. L'étape de débridage est référencée -e- tandis que l'étape de déplacement est référencée -f- sur la figure 4 et conduit à l'état intermédiaire représenté en figure 5E. Le débridage libère le chariot des tubes en faisant adopter aux brides 1, 2 un état dépourvu de prise avec lesdits tubes. La distance de déplacement correspond au déplacement entre la position de référence (atteinte à la fin de l'étape -b-) et la position pour laquelle la meule 5 est en regard du cordon de soudure 13. Cette distance correspond à la distance connue séparant axialement le plan transversal du chariot situé mi-chemin entre la première bride 1 et la seconde bride 2 et le plan transversal du chariot passant par la meule 5. En outre, le positionnement de la meule 5 peut être réalisé sous contrôle visuel d'un utilisateur avec l'appareil de prise de vues 8.  After welding, the tubes 11, 12 are debrided and then the carriage is moved axially towards the second tube 12 (here upwards) so as to position the grinding wheel 5 to the right and / or near the joint plane. The unclamping step is referenced while the moving step is referenced in FIG. 4 and leads to the intermediate state shown in FIG. 5E. Unclamping frees the carriage from the tubes by making the flanges 1, 2 adopt a state devoid of engagement with said tubes. The displacement distance corresponds to the displacement between the reference position (reached at the end of the step -b-) and the position for which the grinding wheel 5 is opposite the weld bead 13. This distance corresponds to the known distance separating axially the transverse plane of the carriage located midway between the first flange 1 and the second flange 2 and the transverse plane of the carriage passing through the grinding wheel 5. In addition, the positioning of the grinding wheel 5 can be performed under visual control of a user with the camera 8.
On bride ensuite le chariot dans le second tube 12. Cette étape de bridage est référencée - g- sur la figure 4. Cette étape permet de centrer le chariot et de faire coïncider son axe longitudinal avec l'axe principal XX des tubes 1 1, 12.  The carriage is then clamped into the second tube 12. This clamping step is referenced in FIG. 4. This step makes it possible to center the carriage and to make its longitudinal axis coincide with the main axis XX of the tubes 1 1, 12.
Dans une variante où la meule 5 et les brides 1 , 2, sont dans un ordre inversé la meule 5 est au-dessus des mécanismes de bridage 1, 2, alors le sens du déplacement du chariot de l'étape -f- est inversé et le bridage de l'étape -g- est réalisé dans le premier tube 11.  In a variant where the grinding wheel 5 and the flanges 1, 2 are in an inverted order the grinding wheel 5 is above the clamping mechanisms 1, 2, then the direction of movement of the carriage of the step -f- is reversed. and the clamping of step -g- is carried out in the first tube 11.
Le centrage se trouve amélioré par la mise en œuvre d'un centrage de la meule 5, par exemple par expansion radiale de la structure en parapluie du mécanisme centreur 4. Ce centrage est référencé -h- sur la figure 4.  The centering is improved by the implementation of a centering of the wheel 5, for example by radial expansion of the umbrella structure of the centering mechanism 4. This centering is referenced -h- in Figure 4.
Le parachèvement de la surface interne du plan de joint est ensuite mis en œuvre en meulant et/ou arasant la surface interne des tubes 11, 12, par entraînement en rotation de la meule 5 au droit et/ou à proximité du plan de joint et par translation bidirectionnelle (en va-et-vient) de ladite meule 5. Le meulage/arasage est réalisé sur la surface interne du cordon de soudure 13. Le meulage/arasage est réalisé également sur des portions de surfaces internes des tubes 11, 12 situées à proximité immédiate du cordon de soudure 13. Les portions de surfaces internes des tubes 11, 12 sont sensiblement alignées, notamment grâce au bridage de maintien assuré pendant l'étape de soudage -d-. Le meulage/arasage tend à améliorer la régularité et la rugosité de cette surface interne de la zone soudée. La combinaison de la rotation des moyens de meulage/arasage 5 et de la translation bidirectionnelle permet un meulage pseudo hélicoïdal. L'étape de meulage/arasage est référencée -i- sur la figure 4. The completion of the internal surface of the joint plane is then implemented by grinding and / or leveling the inner surface of the tubes 11, 12, by rotating the grinding wheel 5 to the right and / or near the joint plane and bidirectional translation (in back and forth) of said grinding wheel 5. The grinding / trimming is performed on the inner surface of the weld bead 13. The grinding / trimming is also performed on inner surface portions of the tubes 11, 12 located in close proximity to the Welding bead 13. The inner surface portions of the tubes 11, 12 are substantially aligned, in particular by virtue of the holding clamping provided during the -d- welding step. Grinding / shaving tends to improve the regularity and roughness of this inner surface of the welded zone. The combination of the rotation of the grinding / shaving means 5 and the bidirectional translation allows a pseudo-helical grinding. The grinding / shaving step is referenced in FIG. 4.
En variante des translations bidirectionnelles en va-et-vient pourraient être réalisées par un utilisateur contrôlant un déplacement en translation axiale du second arbre 20 par rapport au premier arbre 10, ce dernier étant solidarisé avec l'un des tubes 11, 12 par le bridage. Cette translation est ici réalisée au moyen des éléments roulants 42 motorisés représentés sur les figures 2 et 3. Cette opération peut être réalisée tout en effectuant un contrôle visuel de l'état de la surface meulée et/ou arasée, grâce à l'appareil de prise de vues 8. Le déplacement en translation peut également être automatisé.  In a variant, two-way reciprocating translations could be carried out by a user controlling a displacement in axial translation of the second shaft 20 relative to the first shaft 10, the latter being secured to one of the tubes 11, 12 by clamping. . This translation is carried out here by means of the motorized rolling elements 42 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. This operation can be performed while carrying out a visual inspection of the state of the ground and / or leveled surface, thanks to the apparatus of FIG. 8. Traveling in translation can also be automated.
En variante, il est cependant envisageable de réaliser un meulage/arasage non combiné à une translation.  Alternatively, it is however possible to perform a grinding / shaving not combined with a translation.
Il est également envisageable de réaliser des translations bidirectionnelles par le déplacement en translation de l'ensemble du chariot par l'intermédiaire du crochet 9 et dans le cas où ledit chariot n'est pas solidarisé avec les tubes 11, 12 (non bridé).  It is also conceivable to perform bidirectional translations by translational movement of the entire carriage via the hook 9 and in the case where said carriage is not secured to the tubes 11, 12 (not flanged).
Une fois le meulage/arasage terminé on débride le chariot du second tube 12 (ou en variante du premier tube 11), puis on déplace le chariot en dehors du second tube 12 de sorte à préparer le soudage d'un troisième tube. Dans cette étape, le chariot est relevé dans le logement 110 situé au-dessus de l'équipement. L'étape de débridage est référencée -j- tandis que l'étape de déplacement est référencée -k- sur la figure 4. La réalisation des étapes -j- et -k- conduit à l'état intermédiaire représenté en figure 5F.  Once grinding / shaving is completed unbridle the carriage of the second tube 12 (or alternatively of the first tube 11), then moves the carriage outside the second tube 12 so as to prepare the welding of a third tube. In this step, the carriage is raised in the housing 110 located above the equipment. The unclamping step is referenced while the displacement step is referenced in FIG. 4. The execution of the steps -j- and -k- leads to the intermediate state represented in FIG. 5F.
La réalisation des étapes -a- à -k- précitées peut être réitérée pour fixer de manière similaire un troisième tube non représenté au deuxième tube 12. Le soudage du troisième tube sur le second 12 commence par le bridage interne du troisième tube à l'aide des moyens de bridage du chariot. Le procédé se poursuit selon les étapes décrites précédemment, sur d'autres tubes à souder au-delà de la deuxième pièce tubulaire 12.The realization of the steps -a-k-above can be repeated to similarly fix a third tube not shown to the second tube 12. The welding of the third tube on the second 12 begins with the internal clamping of the third tube to the help means for clamping the carriage. The process continues according to the steps described above, on other tubes to be welded beyond the second tubular piece 12.
On fait référence à la figure 6. Reference is made to Figure 6.
On y voit une partie d'un chariot en variante. Les éléments communs au mode de réalisation de la figure 3 portent des références numériques identiques.  We see a part of a variant trolley. The elements common to the embodiment of FIG. 3 bear identical reference numerals.
Le mécanisme centreur 4 présente une structure comprenant trois paires de tiges 43, 44 positionnées à 120° les unes des autres. Chaque paire comprend une première tige 43 et une seconde tige 44 articulées l'une à l'autre par une liaison pivot 66. La première tige 43 comprend une première extrémité fixée par une liaison pivot à l'arbre support 10 et une seconde extrémité supportant un ou plusieurs éléments roulants, ou roues 42. La seconde tige 44 comprend une première extrémité liée libre de pivotement à une partie d'un vérin 64, qui se déplace axialement par rapport à l'arbre 10 par exemple de type pneumatique. L'autre partie du vérin 64 est solidaire de l'arbre support 10. La seconde tige 44 comprend une seconde extrémité liée à la première tige 43. L' actionnement du vérin 64 fait se déplacer la roue 42 par rapport au premier arbre 10, selon un mouvement essentiellement radial.  The centering mechanism 4 has a structure comprising three pairs of rods 43, 44 positioned at 120 ° from each other. Each pair comprises a first rod 43 and a second rod 44 articulated to each other by a pivot link 66. The first rod 43 comprises a first end fixed by a pivot connection to the support shaft 10 and a second end supporting one or more rolling elements, or wheels 42. The second rod 44 comprises a first free end pivotally connected to a portion of a jack 64, which moves axially with respect to the shaft 10, for example of the pneumatic type. The other part of the jack 64 is integral with the support shaft 10. The second rod 44 comprises a second end connected to the first rod 43. The actuation of the jack 64 causes the wheel 42 to move relative to the first shaft 10, according to an essentially radial movement.
L'expansion ou déploiement des paires de tiges 43, 44 mettent en contact les roues 42 avec les surfaces intérieures des tubes.  The expansion or deployment of the pairs of rods 43, 44 bring the wheels 42 into contact with the inner surfaces of the tubes.
Les tiges 43, 44 qui peuvent être vues comme des moyens d'appui, participent au centrage de l'arbre 10 par rapport à la surface intérieure d'un tube. Les tiges 43, 44 facilitent le déplacement longitudinal du chariot en roulant contre la surface intérieure des tubes dans lesquels le chariot est disposé.  The rods 43, 44 which can be seen as support means, participate in the centering of the shaft 10 relative to the inner surface of a tube. The rods 43, 44 facilitate the longitudinal movement of the carriage by rolling against the inner surface of the tubes in which the carriage is disposed.
Trois vérins 422 sont disposés écartés selon un plan radial les uns des autres d'environ 120°. Le corps de chaque vérin 422 est attaché avec liberté de pivotement à la butée 311 tandis que la tige de chaque vérin 422 est attachée avec liberté pivotement au second arbre 20, ici au flasque 700. L' actionnement des vérins 422 provoque le coulissement du second arbre 20 par rapport à l'arbre support 10. On peut appliquer un mouvement de va-et-vient de l'arbre supplémentaire par rapport à l'arbre support 10. En remplacement des vérins 422, on peut utiliser des moteurs électriques linéaires. Des coussinets en bronze ou autre matière peuvent être utilisés pour le montage de l'arbre 20 sur l'arbre support 10. Le plateau 55, solidaire du support 59, supporte des fourreaux 54 par l'intermédiaire d'un axe 56 respectif, disposés eux-mêmes par paires. Autrement dit, par rapport au mode de réalisation de la figure 3, le plateau 55 supporte non plus trois blocs de meulage 51, 52, 53 mais trois paires de bloc de meulage 51, 52, 53, répartis sur la circonférence du chariot, par exemple espacés d'environ 120°. Les blocs de meulage d'une paire peuvent être de nature différente, par exemple constitués d'un matériau de meulage et/ou d'arasage de composition, de dureté, de taille de grain, de liants différents les uns des autres. En fonctionnement, le sens de rotation de la meule 5 dans les tubes permet de sélectionner le type de bloc de meulage à mettre au contact du cordon de soudure 13, par exemple pour appliquer différents niveaux de finition de surface. Un tel système pourrait en outre être utilisé dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 3. Three cylinders 422 are arranged spaced apart in a radial plane from each other by about 120 °. The body of each cylinder 422 is pivotally attached to the abutment 311 while the rod of each cylinder 422 is pivotally attached to the second shaft 20, here to the flange 700. The actuation of the cylinders 422 causes the sliding of the second shaft 20 relative to the support shaft 10. The reciprocating shaft can be reciprocated with respect to the support shaft 10. Instead of the cylinders 422, linear electric motors can be used. Pads of bronze or other material may be used for mounting the shaft 20 on the support shaft 10. The plate 55, secured to the support 59, supports sheaths 54 via a respective axis 56, themselves arranged in pairs. In other words, compared with the embodiment of FIG. 3, the plate 55 can not support three grinding blocks 51, 52, 53, but three pairs of grinding blocks 51, 52, 53, distributed around the circumference of the carriage, by example spaced apart by about 120 °. The grinding blocks of a pair may be of different nature, for example consisting of a grinding material and / or shaving composition, hardness, grain size, binders different from each other. In operation, the direction of rotation of the grinding wheel 5 in the tubes makes it possible to select the type of grinding block to put in contact with the weld bead 13, for example to apply different levels of surface finish. Such a system could also be used in the embodiment of FIG.
Dans une variante non représentée, deux plateaux 55 distincts peuvent supporter chacun un des deux blocs 51, 52, 53 de chaque paire. Ainsi, une mise en rotation indépendante des plateaux 55 permet d'appliquer des vitesses et/ou des sens de rotation différents entre les deux blocs de chaque paire.  In a variant not shown, two separate trays 55 can each support one of the two blocks 51, 52, 53 of each pair. Thus, independent rotation of the plates 55 makes it possible to apply different speeds and / or directions of rotation between the two blocks of each pair.
La présente invention permet ainsi une amélioration notable de la qualité des soudures. Ce gain en qualité s'accompagne d'un gain de productivité puisque les opérations de raboutage et de meulage/arasage internes sont réalisées à l'aide du seul dispositif, et plus précisément grâce à une translation intermédiaire du chariot. Ces gains induisent des gains de coûts appréciés des exploitants.  The present invention thus allows a significant improvement in the quality of the welds. This gain in quality is accompanied by a gain in productivity since the internal splicing and grinding / shaving operations are performed using the single device, and more specifically through an intermediate translation of the carriage. These gains lead to cost gains appreciated by the operators.
En outre l'utilisation de deux dispositifs l'un destiné au bridage et l'autre destiné au raboutage, n'est techniquement pas envisageable, en cas de raboutage vertical des tubes pour les raisons évoquées ci-dessus liées notamment à l'encombrement et à la complexité technique d'une telle installation et à la mise en œuvre du procédé.  In addition, the use of two devices, one for clamping and the other for splicing, is technically not conceivable in the case of vertical splicing of the tubes for the reasons mentioned above, particularly related to the space requirement. the technical complexity of such an installation and the implementation of the process.
Par rapport à une bride selon US 6,398,100, le chariot 100 offre un espace disponible pour les câbles et flexibles à l'intérieur du dispositif. En outre, il permet un parachèvement de la surface interne du plan de joint.  With respect to a flange according to US Pat. No. 6,398,100, the carriage 100 provides space for cables and hoses inside the device. In addition, it allows a completion of the inner surface of the joint plane.
Le chariot 100 se distingue du dispositif décrit dans US 6,264,537, qui porte sur un dispositif de rénovation de pipeline et de structures tubulaires pour le retrait de protubérances à l'intérieur des pipelines dont l'utilisation est longue, fastidieuse et coûteuse car il est nécessaire de débrider les pièces tubulaires soudées et de retirer le dispositif de bridage desdites pièces tubulaires pour utiliser un tel dispositif de meulage puis de réinsérer ledit dispositif de bridage pour souder la pièce tubulaire suivante. The carriage 100 differs from the device described in US Pat. No. 6,264,537, which relates to a device for renovating pipelines and tubular structures for the removal of protuberances inside the pipelines whose use is long, tedious and expensive because it is necessary. to unclamp the welded tubular parts and remove the clamping device of said tubular parts to use such a grinding device and then reinsert said clamping device to weld the next tubular piece.
Le chariot peut également être vu comme un dispositif pour l'amélioration de l'état de surface de la paroi interne de pièces tubulaires destinées à être mises bout à bout par soudage au niveau d'un plan de joint situé entre une première pièce tubulaire et une deuxième pièce tubulaire, le dispositif comprenant des moyens de déplacement selon un axe principal XX disposés à l'intérieur desdites pièces tubulaires des moyens de bridage interne et des moyens de meulage et/ou d'arasage disposés à l'intérieur des pièces tubulaires, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre au moins un premier arbre disposé selon l'axe principal XX et supportant lesdits moyens de bridage, lesdits moyens de déplacement et lesdits moyens de meulage/arasage et en ce qu'il comprend en outre des moyens de localisation du plan de joint.  The carriage can also be seen as a device for improving the surface condition of the inner wall of tubular parts intended to be placed end to end by welding at a joint plane located between a first tubular part and a second tubular piece, the device comprising displacement means along a main axis XX disposed inside said tubular parts of the internal clamping means and grinding and / or shaving means arranged inside the tubular pieces, characterized in that it further comprises at least a first shaft disposed along the main axis XX and supporting said clamping means, said moving means and said grinding / shaving means and in that it further comprises means location of the joint plane.
Selon un premier aspect, le dispositif comprend au moins un premier arbre disposé selon l'axe principal et supportant lesdits moyens de bridage, lesdits moyens de déplacement et lesdits moyens de meulage/arasage. Le dispositif comprend en outre des moyens de localisation du plan de joint.  According to a first aspect, the device comprises at least a first shaft disposed along the main axis and supporting said clamping means, said moving means and said grinding / shaving means. The device further comprises locating means of the joint plane.
Préférentiellement, les moyens de meulage/arasage comprennent un ou plusieurs éléments de meulage annulaires continus ou discontinus entraînés en rotation autour de l'axe principal.  Preferably, the grinding / shaving means comprise one or more continuous or discontinuous annular grinding elements rotated about the main axis.
Avantageusement, le dispositif comprend en outre des moyens destinés à permettre une translation relative, selon l'axe principal, entre lesdits moyens de meulage et/ou d'arasage et les moyens de bridage.  Advantageously, the device further comprises means for allowing a relative translation, along the main axis, between said grinding and / or shaving means and the clamping means.
Selon un autre aspect, le dispositif comprend en outre un deuxième arbre extérieur et coaxial au premier arbre et supportant directement lesdits moyens de meulage et/ou d'arasage, ainsi que des moyens destinés à positionner le deuxième arbre vis-à-vis du premier arbre et des moyens permettant une translation relative selon l'axe entre lesdits premier et deuxième arbres.  In another aspect, the device further comprises a second outer shaft and coaxial with the first shaft and directly supporting said grinding means and / or shaving, and means for positioning the second shaft vis-à-vis the first shaft and means for relative translation along the axis between said first and second shafts.
Avantageusement, le dispositif comprend au moins un support annulaire pour lesdits un ou plusieurs éléments de meulage, monté à l'extérieur dudit deuxième arbre, et des moyens sont prévus pour permettre une rotation relative entre ledit support annulaire et ledit deuxième arbre. Préférentiellement, les moyens prévus pour permettre une rotation relative entre ledit support annulaire et ledit premier et/ou deuxième arbres creux sont constitués d'un roulement mécanique tel qu'un roulement à bille ou à rouleaux. D'autres moyens peuvent être prévus tels qu'un lubrifiant. Advantageously, the device comprises at least one annular support for said one or more grinding elements mounted outside said second shaft, and means are provided to allow relative rotation between said annular support and said second shaft. Preferably, the means provided to allow relative rotation between said annular support and said first and / or second hollow shafts consist of a mechanical bearing such as a ball or roller bearing. Other means may be provided such as a lubricant.
Selon un autre aspect intéressant, les moyens de meulage/arasage sont disposés à une extrémité du dispositif. Cette disposition est particulièrement intéressante dans le cas de tubes orientés verticalement car le dispositif peut ainsi être manipulé aisément, avec une amplitude minimale de translation; d'où des gains en énergie et en temps d'opération. According to another interesting aspect, the grinding / shaving means are arranged at one end of the device. This arrangement is particularly advantageous in the case of vertically oriented tubes because the device can thus be easily handled, with a minimum amplitude of translation; hence, gains in energy and time of operation.
Selon une autre variante préférée, le dispositif comprend en outre des moyens de centrage du deuxième tube vis-à-vis de la paroi interne d'au moins une pièce tubulaire. According to another preferred variant, the device further comprises means for centering the second tube vis-à-vis the inner wall of at least one tubular piece.
Préférentiellement, les moyens de centrage comprennent des moyens d'appui sur la paroi interne d'une pièce tubulaire, terminés par des éléments glissants motorisés, lesdits moyens d'appui sont mobiles entre une position rétractée où ils ne sont pas en contact avec la paroi interne de la première et/ou de la deuxième pièce tubulaire, et une position déployée où ils sont en contact avec la paroi interne de la première et/ou la deuxième pièce tubulaire.  Preferably, the centering means comprise bearing means on the inner wall of a tubular piece, terminated by motorized sliding elements, said bearing means are movable between a retracted position where they are not in contact with the wall. internal of the first and / or second tubular piece, and an extended position where they are in contact with the inner wall of the first and / or second tubular piece.
Selon une variante préférée, le dispositif comprend en outre un élément d'accrochage monté à une extrémité du dispositif, préférentiellement à proximité des moyens de meulage/arasage.  According to a preferred variant, the device further comprises an attachment element mounted at one end of the device, preferably near the grinding / shaving means.
Avantageusement, les moyens de localisation du plan de joint sont montés rotatifs sur le deuxième arbre et sont sélectionnés dans le groupe comprenant une caméra vidéo, un appareil photo, une ou plusieurs fibres optiques.  Advantageously, the location means of the joint plane are rotatably mounted on the second shaft and are selected from the group comprising a video camera, a camera, one or more optical fibers.
L'invention a également pour objet, un procédé d'amélioration de l'état de surface de la paroi interne de pièces tubulaires destinées à être mises bout à bout pour être soudées au niveau d'un plan de joint situé entre une première pièce tubulaire et une deuxième pièce tubulaire, le procédé comprenant des étapes de : (a)-bridage interne de la première ou de la deuxième pièce tubulaire au moyen d'un dispositif de bridage et de meulage tel que défini précédemment,(b)-mise en place de la deuxième pièce tubulaire de sorte que les première et deuxième pièces tubulaires soient alignées et définissent un plan de joint, (c)-bridage interne de la deuxième ou de la première pièce tubulaire au moyen dudit dispositif de bridage et de meulage, (d)-soudage des deux pièces tubulaires au niveau du plan de joint au moyen d'un dispositif de soudage de pièces tubulaires, (i)-meulage et/ou arasage de la paroi interne des pièces tubulaires par entraînement en rotation des moyens de meulage/arasage au droit et/ou à proximité du plan de joint. The invention also relates to a method of improving the surface condition of the inner wall of tubular parts intended to be placed end to end to be welded at a joint plane located between a first tubular part. and a second tubular piece, the method comprising steps of: (a) internally-clamping the first or second tubular piece by means of a clamping and grinding device as defined above, (b) -committing placing the second tubular piece so that the first and second tubular pieces are aligned and define a joint plane, (c) internal-clipping of the second or first tubular piece by means of said clamping and grinding device, d) -soldering of the two tubular parts at the joint plane by means of a device for welding tubular pieces, (i) grinding and / or shaving of the inner wall of the tubular pieces by rotationally driving the grinding / shaving means to the right and / or near the joint plane.
Avantageusement, le procédé comprend entre lesdites étapes (d) de soudage et (i) de meulage, une étape de : (h)-centrage des moyens de meulage/arasage par déploiement des moyens de centrage.  Advantageously, the method comprises between said steps (d) of welding and (i) grinding, a step of: (h) -centering the grinding / shaving means by deployment of the centering means.
Selon un aspect intéressant, le procédé comprend après ladite étape (d) de soudage et avant ladite étape (h) de centrage ou (i) de meulage, des étapes de (e)-débridage des première et deuxième pièces tubulaires; (f)-déplacement axial des moyens de meulage/arasage et optionnellement des moyens de bridage de sorte à positionner les moyens de meulage/arasage au droit et/ou à proximité du plan de joint; et optionnellement, (g)-bridage de la première et/ou de la deuxième pièce tubulaire.  According to an interesting aspect, the method comprises, after said step (d) of welding and before said step (h) of centering or (i) grinding, steps of (e) -bridging of the first and second tubular pieces; (f) axial displacement of the grinding / shaving means and optionally clamping means so as to position the grinding / shaving means at the right and / or near the joint plane; and optionally, (g) -bridging the first and / or second tubular member.
Avantageusement, l'étape (i) de meulage comprend un entraînement en rotation des moyens de meulage/arasage combinée à une translation bidirectionnelle desdits moyens de meulage/arasage suivant l'axe principal desdites pièces tubulaires.  Advantageously, the grinding step (i) comprises a rotation drive of the grinding / shaving means combined with a bidirectional translation of said grinding / shaving means along the main axis of said tubular pieces.
L'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessus mais englobe les variantes que pourra envisager l'homme de l'art.  The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above but encompasses variants that may be considered by those skilled in the art.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Dispositif d'aide au raboutage de pièces tubulaires (11, 12) par soudage, le dispositif comprenant : 1. Device for joining the tubular parts (11, 12) by welding, the device comprising:
un arbre support (10) ;  a support shaft (10);
une paire de brides (1 ; 2) montée sur l'arbre support (10) et actionnables entre un état de serrage où ces deux brides peuvent venir en prise avec les surfaces intérieures respectives d'une première et d'une seconde pièce tubulaire (11, 12), et un état relâché, au moins une meule (5) montée à rotation sur l'arbre support (10) à distance de la première et de la seconde bride,  a pair of flanges (1; 2) mounted on the support shaft (10) and operable between a clamping state where these two flanges can engage the respective inner surfaces of a first and a second tubular member ( 11, 12), and a relaxed state, at least one grinding wheel (5) rotatably mounted on the support shaft (10) away from the first and second flanges,
au moins un support de déplacement (21, 22) solidaire de l'arbre support (10), la paire de brides étant d'abord mises en serrage sur la première pièce tubulaire et la seconde pièce tubulaire, respectivement, dans une première position axiale de l'arbre, propre à maintenir fermement ces pièces tubulaires à rabouter l'une en face de l'autre dans une position propre à la réalisation du cordon de soudure entre la première pièce tubulaire et la seconde pièce tubulaire,  at least one displacement support (21, 22) integral with the support shaft (10), the pair of flanges being first clamped on the first tubular part and the second tubular part, respectively, in a first axial position of the shaft, able to firmly hold these tubular pieces to be spliced opposite one another in a position suitable for producing the weld bead between the first tubular piece and the second tubular piece,
le support de déplacement (21, 22) étant opérable après soudage, la paire de brides se trouvant au moins partiellement en position relâchée, de manière à déplacer l'arbre support (10) à l'intérieur de la première et/ou de la seconde pièce tubulaire (11, 12) pour rapprocher ladite meule du cordon de soudure,  the displacement support (21, 22) being operable after welding, the pair of flanges being at least partially in the relaxed position, so as to move the support shaft (10) inside the first and / or the second tubular piece (11, 12) for bringing said grinding wheel closer to the weld seam,
l'arbre support (10) étant maintenu fixement dans cette nouvelle position par rapport à l'une au moins des deux pièces tubulaires soudées et la meule (5) étant actionnée pour meuler et/ou araser le cordon de soudure et/ou son voisinage sur la surface intérieure de l'une et/ou l'autre de la première et la seconde pièce tubulaire.  the support shaft (10) being fixedly held in this new position with respect to at least one of the two welded tubular parts and the grinding wheel (5) being actuated to grind and / or sharpen the weld bead and / or its vicinity on the inner surface of one and / or the other of the first and second tubular members.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'arbre support (10) est maintenu fixement dans la nouvelle position par la mise en serrage de la paire de brides (1 ; 2). 2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the support shaft (10) is fixedly held in the new position by clamping the pair of flanges (1; 2).
3. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel l'arbre support (10) est maintenu fixement dans la nouvelle position par le support de déplacement (21, 22). 3. Device according to one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the support shaft (10) is fixedly held in the new position by the displacement carrier (21, 22).
4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la meule comprend un ou plusieurs blocs abrasifs (51, 52, 53) montés sur l'arbre support de manière 4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the grinding wheel comprises one or more abrasive blocks (51, 52, 53) mounted on the support shaft so
16. Procédé selon la revendication 15, comprenant une étape préalable à l'étape a. de prévoir un arbre supplémentaire (20) monté avec possibilité de débattement axial sur l'arbre support (10), et un mécanisme de centrage monté sur l'arbre supplémentaire (20) et actionnable pour positionner ledit arbre supplémentaire (20) par rapport à la surface intérieure de pièces tubulaires, et une étape intercalaire entre les étapes e. et f. d'actionner le mécanisme de centrage. 16. The method of claim 15, comprising a step prior to step a. to provide an additional shaft (20) mounted with possibility of axial displacement on the support shaft (10), and a centering mechanism mounted on the additional shaft (20) and operable to position said additional shaft (20) relative to the inner surface of tubular pieces, and an intermediate step between the steps e. and F. to operate the centering mechanism.
17. Procédé selon l'une des revendications ,15 et 16, dans lequel à l'étape f. on entraîne en rotation la meule (5) tout en lui imposant un mouvement de va-et-vient dans la direction axiale des pièces tubulaires (11, 12). 17. The method according to one of claims 15 and 16, wherein in step f. the wheel (5) is rotated while being forced back and forth in the axial direction of the tubular pieces (11, 12).
18. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 15 à 17, dans lequel entre les étapes e. et f., on réalise un centrage et/ou un positionnement fin de la meule (5) par rapport aux pièces tubulaires soudées. 18. Method according to one of claims 15 to 17, wherein between steps e. and f., centering and / or fine positioning of the grinding wheel (5) relative to the welded tubular parts is performed.
19. Procédé selon la revendication 15, comprenant une étape préalable à l'étape a. de prévoir un mécanisme de centrage monté sur l'arbre support (10) et actionnable pour positionner ledit arbre support (10) par rapport à la surface intérieure de pièces tubulaires, et/ou une étape intercalaire entre les étapes e. et f. d'actionner le mécanisme de centrage. 19. The method of claim 15, comprising a step prior to step a. to provide a centering mechanism mounted on the support shaft (10) and operable to position said support shaft (10) relative to the inner surface of tubular parts, and / or a step between steps e. and F. to operate the centering mechanism.
20. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 15 à 19, dans lequel à l'étape e. on maintient l'arbre support (10) fixement dans la nouvelle position par la mise en serrage de la paire de brides (1 ; 2). 20. Method according to one of claims 15 to 19, wherein in step e. the support shaft (10) is held firmly in the new position by clamping the pair of flanges (1; 2).
21. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 15 à 20, dans lequel à l'étape e. on maintient l'arbre support (10) fixement dans la nouvelle position par le support de déplacement (21, 22). 21. Method according to one of claims 15 to 20, wherein in step e. the support shaft (10) is held firmly in the new position by the displacement support (21, 22).
PCT/FR2012/000007 2011-01-05 2012-01-05 Device and method for assisting the butt-joining of tubular parts WO2012093226A1 (en)

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CN116727986A (en) * 2023-08-08 2023-09-12 达州市宗源管业有限公司 Square tube positioning auxiliary welding device
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