WO2012089871A2 - Rectangular‑ or square‑footprint system for covering spaces - Google Patents

Rectangular‑ or square‑footprint system for covering spaces Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012089871A2
WO2012089871A2 PCT/ES2011/000383 ES2011000383W WO2012089871A2 WO 2012089871 A2 WO2012089871 A2 WO 2012089871A2 ES 2011000383 W ES2011000383 W ES 2011000383W WO 2012089871 A2 WO2012089871 A2 WO 2012089871A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
square
outside
rectangular
covering
substructure
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Application number
PCT/ES2011/000383
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
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WO2012089871A3 (en
Inventor
Narciso Jesús VÁSQUEZ CARRETERO
José VÁSQUEZ CARRETERO
Hilario VÁSQUEZ VÁSQUEZ
Original Assignee
Universidad De Sevilla
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Publication of WO2012089871A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012089871A2/en
Publication of WO2012089871A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012089871A3/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/02—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
    • E04B7/028—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs consisting of structures of pyramidal or conical shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B1/3211—Structures with a vertical rotation axis or the like, e.g. semi-spherical structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/08—Vaulted roofs
    • E04B7/10—Shell structures, e.g. of hyperbolic-parabolic shape; Grid-like formations acting as shell structures; Folded structures
    • E04B7/105—Grid-like structures

Definitions

  • the main object of the present system is the covering of rectangular or square planar spaces with three-dimensional structure of laminated wood, with spherical domed surface inside and flat surface for canopy roofing outside, and characterized in that it is constituted by a base in Circular ring shape from where the radial nerves start with a curved guideline inside and straight to the outside, on which a lower and upper substructure are supported that allow the placement of a continuous lower board to generate a hemispherical vault inside and another board continuous upper and tongue and groove that allows the support of the covering material towards the outside.
  • the present invention falls within the scientific field of architecture and mechanical engineering.
  • the activity and technology sectors in which the application of the invention described below is located are: architecture and construction technologies, light constructions, wood and wood technology.
  • the vaults constituted an element of covering central spaces with their two faces to the outside.
  • the inner face resolved the decoration of the space, while the outer face resolved the evacuation of water.
  • the outer faces of these vaults were covered to generate different shapes towards the outside, with the flat canopy roof being the most common solution.
  • This new covering was made, at first, by fillers on the vault. With the development of new technologies and materials, this covering ceased to be carried out by means of fillings, considering through the incorporation of a light structure on which the covering material would finally be arranged. In this way this structure acquired the resistant mission, leaving the vaults as a decorative "false ceiling".
  • an interior vault is built without a structural mission, so that the true structure is not observed nor is there a sincere architectural solution with the user.
  • the invention essentially comprises a three-dimensional structure of laminated wood that allows a spherical surface on its inner face and a flat canopy cover on its outer face.
  • interstitial gaps which remain between the base of the circular sleeper ring and the square space of the perimeter, allow the placement of interior triangular wooden lattices, which allow the interior space to be ventilated to the structure, preventing moisture from condensation that can damage the laminated wood or affect its durability.
  • the system of covering spaces of rectangular or square plan, object of the present invention which has a three-dimensional structure of laminated wood, with spherical domed surface inside and flat surface for exterior canopy cover, which allows, by means of said three-dimensional structure, generate a vault towards the interior and a flat roof in the form of an exterior pavilion.
  • the objective of this system is to improve the conventional construction of vaulted spaces with a different exterior covering, using new materials and techniques of contemporary construction.
  • the structure of the system is composed of a series of radial and concentric ribs of laminated wood, which through its design and formalization, support an internal and an external parquet, totally independent, but share this same support.
  • radial ribs with a straight guideline to the outside and curved inside have been used, to make possible a vaulted interior cladding, and a pavilion-shaped outer cladding.
  • Another advantage of the system object of this report is that it achieves a faster and more sustainable architectural performance than conventional construction.
  • Conventional vaults are generally made of concrete or factory, which consume a large amount of material resources and specialized labor, in addition to being a long process and that does not allow the reuse of its components.
  • the system object of the invention solves all this, with a dry and prefabricated construction system, which means a quantitative improvement of all these problems.
  • Another advantage is the technical improvement and the large number of design possibilities offered by this system, since the incorporation, between the outer and inner lining, of a ventilated air chamber, as well as the use of current materials, supposes a significant improvement of its insulating, acoustic, waterproofing properties, etc., and in addition, the system allows different formal solutions, and the incorporation of new elements that provide additional advantages, such as the presence of light lanterns, the possibility of different dimensions and designs in both the inner vaults and the outer pavilion.
  • FIG 1. shows a perspective view of the covering system for rectangular or square planar spaces with a three-dimensional structure of laminated wood, with a spherical domed surface inside and a flat surface for canopy roofing outside.
  • FIG 2. shows a plan view of the system for covering rectangular or square spaces with a three-dimensional structure of laminated wood, with a spherical domed surface inside and a flat surface for a canopy roof outside.
  • FIG 3. shows a perspective view of the covering system for rectangular or square planar spaces with a three-dimensional structure of laminated wood, with a spherical domed surface inside and a flat surface for canopy roofing in its different possibilities.
  • FIG 4. shows several three-dimensional models of the different formal possibilities of the system, collected in FIG. 3.
  • FIG 5. shows a perspective composition of different combination possibilities of the system object of the present invention.
  • FIG 6. shows several three-dimensional models of the composition collected in FIG. 5.
  • FIG 7. shows a plan and section of the covering system for rectangular or square planar spaces with a three-dimensional structure of laminated wood, with a spherical domed surface inside and a flat surface to cover the exterior canopy, vault hemispherical half-orange.
  • FIG 8. shows the exploded view of the main structure and of the arches that make up the lower framework that forms the skeleton of the vault.
  • FIG 9. shows the system sections.
  • the system of covering rectangular or square plan spaces comprises a three-dimensional structure of laminated wood, with spherical domed surface inside and flat surface for canopy roof exterior, and characterized in that it is constituted by a base in the form of a circular ring (1) from where the radial nerves with a curved guideline inside and straight to the outside (2), on which a lower substructure (3) are supported and another upper one (4) that allow the placement of a continuous lower boarding (6) to generate a semi-spherical vault inside and another continuous and tongue and groove upper boarding (5) that allows the support of the covering material towards the outside.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show the whole system of the invention, for a solution of a spherical vault, where there is a base formed by a circular ring (1) of laminated, anchored and fixed wood. On this wooden base (1), a main structural framework of laminated wood formed by radial ribs with a straight guideline to the outside and curved inside (2) is fixed.
  • an air chamber is generated that ventilates through openings (7) located between the circular ring and the square or rectangular base.
  • the interstitial gaps that remain between the base of the circular sleeper ring and the square space of the perimeter allow the placement of interior triangular wooden lattices, which allow the interior space to be ventilated to the structure, preventing moisture condensation that can deteriorate the wood laminate or affect its durability.
  • FIG. 7,8 and 9 An example of a preferred and non-limiting embodiment thereof is shown in FIG. 7,8 and 9, whose specified data are valid for a vault that is inscribed within a square of about ten meters on the side.
  • the structure both main and secondary, is made with laminated and glued wood, type Picea Abies (northern spruce), with quality I and II, with sheets of 34, 20 and 13 mm.
  • the wood will be treated by impregnation with fungicide, insecticide and water-repellent products, as well as with flame retardant products.
  • the joints between the different pieces are made with galvanized metal hardware of S-275 steel of 2750 kg / cm 2 of elastic limit, with quality screws 4.6 and 8.8. They are used, for the joints, plates, anchor bolts and special metal parts that guarantee their stability.
  • the lower ring has a 300 x 700 mm square (8).
  • the main structure is formed by radial nerves orthogonal (9) and diagonal (10) with curved guideline on the lower face and straight directrix on the upper face. These nerves have a variable section as detailed in FIG. 8 and with a width of 105 mm.
  • the lower framework is composed of 80x225 mm (12) constant section arcs and 80x135 mm (13) concentric ribs that are joined to the radial nerves by bolted metal joints.
  • the upper lattice is composed of straps of straight guideline of 80x140 mm (14) that are joined to the main nerves by means of grooves previously made in the workshop.
  • FIG. 9 shows the spherical lower deck (15), located on the lower framework of spruce wood, is tongue and groove and has dimensions of 135x16 mm.
  • the cover material is placed on it.
  • FIG. 9 shows a covering formed by an insulating layer of fiberglass (17) fixed to the splinting, ONDÜLINE® plate (18) fixed to the entanglement by galvanized steel screws, galvanized wire mesh (19), 20x20x1.5 mm, fixed by screws. On this mesh, the covering material would be placed, consisting of ceramic tiles (20) taken to the mesh by cement mortar.
  • the top of the skirt is arranged by cement mortar (21) to prevent the penetration and nesting of birds.
  • the water collection channel (22), of lead sheet and thickness greater than 3 mm, is located between the different vaults, as shown in FIG. 9. ⁇

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)

Abstract

Rectangular‑ or square‑footprint system for covering spaces, which comprises a three‑dimensional plywood structure with a spherical domed surface on the inside and a planar surface on the outside for covering with the canopy; in which said system is characterized in that it is constituted by a base in the form of a circular ring (1) from which extend radial ribs (2), on which a lower (3) and another, upper (4) substructure rest, allowing the positioning of a continuous lower boarding (6) to form a hemispherical vault on the inside and another continuous, dovetailed upper boarding (5) that enables the exterior covering material to be supported.

Description

SISTEMA DE CUBRICIÓN DE ESPACIOS DE PLANTA RECTANGULAR O  RECTANGULAR PLANT SPACE COVER SYSTEM OR
CUADRADA  SQUARE
El objeto principal del presente sistema es la cubrición de espacios de planta rectangular o cuadrada con estructura tridimensional de madera laminada, con superficie abovedada esférica al interior y superficie plana para cubierta de pabellón al exterior, y que se caracteriza porque está constituido por una base en forma de anillo circular desde donde arrancan los nervios radiales con directriz curva al interior y recta al exterior, sobre los que se apoyan una subestructura inferior y otra superior que permiten la colocación de un entablado inferior continuo para generar una bóveda semiesférica al interior y otro entablado superior continuo y machihembrado que permite el apoyo del material de cobertura hacia el exterior . The main object of the present system is the covering of rectangular or square planar spaces with three-dimensional structure of laminated wood, with spherical domed surface inside and flat surface for canopy roofing outside, and characterized in that it is constituted by a base in Circular ring shape from where the radial nerves start with a curved guideline inside and straight to the outside, on which a lower and upper substructure are supported that allow the placement of a continuous lower board to generate a hemispherical vault inside and another board continuous upper and tongue and groove that allows the support of the covering material towards the outside.
La presente invención se inscribe en el campo científico de la arquitectura y de la ingeniería mecánica. Los sectores de actividad y tecnológicos en los que se sitúa la aplicación de la invención que se describe a continuación son: la arquitectura y tecnologías de la construcción, construcciones ligeras, de madera y tecnología de la madera. The present invention falls within the scientific field of architecture and mechanical engineering. The activity and technology sectors in which the application of the invention described below is located are: architecture and construction technologies, light constructions, wood and wood technology.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA ANTERIOR STATE OF THE PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE
Históricamente, las bóvedas constituyeron un elemento de cubrición de espacios centrales con sus dos caras al exterior. La cara interior resolvía la decoración del espacio, mientras que la cara exterior resolvía la evacuación de aguas. Posteriormente, las caras exteriores de estas bóvedas fueron recubiertas para generar diferentes formas hacia el exterior, siendo la cubierta plana en forma de pabellón la solución más habitual. Esta nueva cubrición se realizó, en un primer momento, mediante rellenos sobre la bóveda. Con el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías y materiales, esta cubrición dejó de realizarse mediante rellenos, planteándose a través de la incorporación de una estructura ligera sobre la que se dispondría finalmente el material de cobertura. De esta manera esta estructura adquirió la misión resistente, dejando a las bóvedas como un "falso techo" decorativo. Así, resuelta la estructura de la cubierta exterior de forma oculta, se construye una bóveda al interior sin misión estructural, por lo que no se observa la verdadera estructura ni se tiene una solución arquitectónica sincera con el usuario. Historically, the vaults constituted an element of covering central spaces with their two faces to the outside. The inner face resolved the decoration of the space, while the outer face resolved the evacuation of water. Subsequently, the outer faces of these vaults were covered to generate different shapes towards the outside, with the flat canopy roof being the most common solution. This new covering was made, at first, by fillers on the vault. With the development of new technologies and materials, this covering ceased to be carried out by means of fillings, considering through the incorporation of a light structure on which the covering material would finally be arranged. In this way this structure acquired the resistant mission, leaving the vaults as a decorative "false ceiling". Thus, when the structure of the exterior roof is hidden in a hidden way, an interior vault is built without a structural mission, so that the true structure is not observed nor is there a sincere architectural solution with the user.
Por otro lado, la construcción de bóvedas en espacios de planta cuadrada o rectangular ha supuesto la necesidad de incorporar elementos de transición entre estas dos geometrías, el cuadrado y el círculo. Para resolver esta problemática, históricamente aparecieron varios elementos intermedios como las trompas, las pechinas y los tambores. La función de estos elementos, además de estética, consistía en la transmisión de cargas desde la bóveda hasta los pilares o muros que conformaban la planta cuadrada o rectangular. On the other hand, the construction of vaults in spaces of square or rectangular plan has supposed the need to incorporate elements of transition between these two geometries, the square and the circle. To solve this problem, historically several intermediate elements appeared such as the tubes, scallops and drums. The function of these elements, in addition to aesthetics, consisted of the transmission of loads from the vault to the pillars or walls that formed the square or rectangular plan.
EXPLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
Es un objeto de la presente invención el devolver a la bóveda su carácter histórico estructural volviéndose a entender como un elemento unitario, con dos caras, una al exterior y otra al interior, mejorando los sistemas constructivos convencionales actuales, en los que la bóveda se entiende como un elemento decorativo equivalente a un "falso techo". It is an object of the present invention to return to the vault its structural historical character, once again being understood as a unitary element, with two faces, one outside and one inside, improving the current conventional construction systems, in which the vault is understood as a decorative element equivalent to a "false ceiling".
El invento comprende, esencialmente, una estructura tridimensional de madera laminada que permite en su cara interior una superficie esférica y en su cara exterior, una cubierta plana de pabellón. The invention essentially comprises a three-dimensional structure of laminated wood that allows a spherical surface on its inner face and a flat canopy cover on its outer face.
Los huecos intersticiales, que quedan entre la base del anillo- durmiente circular y el espacio cuadrado del perímetro, permiten la colocación de celosías de madera triangulares interiores, las cuales permiten ventilar el espacio interior a la estructura, impidiendo las humedades de condensación que puedan deteriorar la madera laminada o afectar a su durabilidad. The interstitial gaps, which remain between the base of the circular sleeper ring and the square space of the perimeter, allow the placement of interior triangular wooden lattices, which allow the interior space to be ventilated to the structure, preventing moisture from condensation that can damage the laminated wood or affect its durability.
Más concretamente, el sistema de cubrición de espacios de planta rectangular o cuadrada, objeto de la presente invención, el cual presenta una estructura tridimensional de madera laminada, con superficie abovedada esférica al interior y superficie plana para cubierta de pabellón al exterior, que permite, mediante dicha estructura tridimensional, generar una bóveda hacia el interior y una cubierta plana en forma de pabellón al exterior. More specifically, the system of covering spaces of rectangular or square plan, object of the present invention, which has a three-dimensional structure of laminated wood, with spherical domed surface inside and flat surface for exterior canopy cover, which allows, by means of said three-dimensional structure, generate a vault towards the interior and a flat roof in the form of an exterior pavilion.
El objetivo de dicho sistema es mejorar la construcción convencional de espacios abovedados con una cubierta exterior diferente, usando nuevos materiales y técnicas de construcción contemporánea . The objective of this system is to improve the conventional construction of vaulted spaces with a different exterior covering, using new materials and techniques of contemporary construction.
Frente a la construcción convencional donde las bóvedas tienen últimamente una función decorativa, resolviéndose la estructura de la cubierta al exterior con otros elementos (rellenos, estructuras trianguladas, etc.) que permiten transmitir las cargas de cubiertas a los soportes, se plantea este sistema, donde se aúnan ambos elementos en uno solo, devolviendo a la bóveda su misión estructural. Así, ésta pasa de ser un "falso techo" a ser un elemento estructural más que conforma la propia cubierta, donde además se resuelve la cubierta exterior. In front of the conventional construction where the vaults have a decorative function lately, resolving the structure of the roof to the outside with other elements (fillings, triangulated structures, etc.) that allow transmitting the loads of roofs to the supports, this system is proposed, where both elements come together in one, returning to the vault its structural mission. Thus, this goes from being a "false ceiling" to being a structural element that conforms to the roof itself, where the outer roof is also resolved.
La estructura del sistema está compuesta por una serie de nervaduras radiales y concéntricas de madera laminada, que mediante su diseño y formalización, soportan un entarimado interior y otro exterior, totalmente independientes, pero que comparten este mismo soporte. Para ello, se han utilizado nervios radiales con directriz recta al exterior y curva al interior, para hacer posible un revestimiento interior con forma de bóveda, y un revestimiento exterior con forma de pabellón. Otra de las ventajas que tiene el sistema objeto de la presente memoria, es que consigue una actuación arquitectónica más rápida y sostenible que la construcción convencional. Las bóvedas convencionales, generalmente están realizadas con hormigón o fábrica, que consumen gran cantidad de recursos materiales y mano de obra especializada, además de resultar un proceso largo y que no permite la reutilización de sus componentes. El sistema objeto de la invención, resuelve todo esto, con un sistema constructivo en seco y prefabricado, que supone una mejora cuantitativa de todos estos problemas. The structure of the system is composed of a series of radial and concentric ribs of laminated wood, which through its design and formalization, support an internal and an external parquet, totally independent, but share this same support. To this end, radial ribs with a straight guideline to the outside and curved inside have been used, to make possible a vaulted interior cladding, and a pavilion-shaped outer cladding. Another advantage of the system object of this report is that it achieves a faster and more sustainable architectural performance than conventional construction. Conventional vaults are generally made of concrete or factory, which consume a large amount of material resources and specialized labor, in addition to being a long process and that does not allow the reuse of its components. The system object of the invention solves all this, with a dry and prefabricated construction system, which means a quantitative improvement of all these problems.
Además, la utilización del sistema objeto de la presente memoria, supone una solución a los problemas relacionados con la prevención de riesgos laborales, ya que el riesgo laboral que suponía la ejecución in situ de las bóvedas contemporáneas es muy alto. En el caso de la invención que nos ocupa, no obstante, gran parte del trabajo se realiza en taller, disminuyendo el tiempo que los operarios se encuentran trabajando en altura. In addition, the use of the system object of the present report, supposes a solution to the problems related to the prevention of labor risks, since the labor risk that the execution in situ of the contemporary vaults was very high. In the case of the invention at hand, however, much of the work is done in the workshop, reducing the time that operators are working at height.
Otra ventaja, es la mejora técnica y la gran cantidad de posibilidades de diseño que ofrece esta sistema, ya que la incorporación, entre el revestimiento exterior y el interior, de una cámara de aire ventilada, así como el uso de materiales actuales, supone una mejora significativa de sus propiedades aislantes, acústicas, de impermeabilización, etc., y además, el sistema permite diferentes soluciones formales, y la incorporación de nuevos elementos que proporcionen ventajas adicionales, como la presencia de linternas de luz, la posibilidad de diferentes dimensiones y diseños tanto en las bóvedas interiores como del pabellón exterior. Another advantage is the technical improvement and the large number of design possibilities offered by this system, since the incorporation, between the outer and inner lining, of a ventilated air chamber, as well as the use of current materials, supposes a significant improvement of its insulating, acoustic, waterproofing properties, etc., and in addition, the system allows different formal solutions, and the incorporation of new elements that provide additional advantages, such as the presence of light lanterns, the possibility of different dimensions and designs in both the inner vaults and the outer pavilion.
A lo largo de la descripción y las reivindicaciones la palabra "comprende" y sus variantes no pretenden excluir otras características técnicas, aditivos, componentes o pasos. Para los expertos en la materia, otros objetos, ventajas y características de la invención se desprenderán en parte de la descripción y en parte de la práctica de la invención. Los siguientes ejemplos y dibujos se proporcionan a modo de ilustración, y no se pretende que sean limitativos de la presente invención. Además, la presente invención cubre todas las posibles combinaciones de realizaciones particulares y preferidas aquí indicadas. Throughout the description and the claims the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention. The The following examples and drawings are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention. In addition, the present invention covers all possible combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated herein.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG 1. muestra una vista en perspectiva del sistema de cubrición de espacios de planta rectangular o cuadrada con estructura tridimensional de madera laminada, con superficie abovedada esférica al interior y superficie plana para cubierta de pabellón al exterior. FIG 1. shows a perspective view of the covering system for rectangular or square planar spaces with a three-dimensional structure of laminated wood, with a spherical domed surface inside and a flat surface for canopy roofing outside.
FIG 2. muestra una vista en planta del sistema de cubrición de espacios de planta rectangular o cuadrada con estructura tridimensional de madera laminada, con superficie abovedada esférica al interior y superficie plana para cubierta de pabellón al exterior.  FIG 2. shows a plan view of the system for covering rectangular or square spaces with a three-dimensional structure of laminated wood, with a spherical domed surface inside and a flat surface for a canopy roof outside.
FIG 3. muestra una vista en perspectiva del sistema de cubrición de espacios de planta rectangular o cuadrada con estructura tridimensional de madera laminada, con superficie abovedada esférica al interior y superficie plana para cubierta de pabellón al exterior, en sus diferentes posibilidades.  FIG 3. shows a perspective view of the covering system for rectangular or square planar spaces with a three-dimensional structure of laminated wood, with a spherical domed surface inside and a flat surface for canopy roofing in its different possibilities.
FIG 4. muestra varios modelos tridimensionales de las diferentes posibilidades formales del sistema, recogidas en la FIG.3.  FIG 4. shows several three-dimensional models of the different formal possibilities of the system, collected in FIG. 3.
FIG 5. muestra una composición en perspectiva de diferentes posibilidades de combinación del sistema objeto de la presente invención.  FIG 5. shows a perspective composition of different combination possibilities of the system object of the present invention.
FIG 6. muestra varios modelos tridimensionales de la composición recogida en la FIG. 5.  FIG 6. shows several three-dimensional models of the composition collected in FIG. 5.
FIG 7. muestra una planta y sección del sistema de cubrición de espacios de planta rectangular o cuadrada con estructura tridimensional de madera laminada, con superficie abovedada esférica al interior y superficie plana para cubierta de pabellón al exterior, bóveda semiesférica de media naranja. FIG 7. shows a plan and section of the covering system for rectangular or square planar spaces with a three-dimensional structure of laminated wood, with a spherical domed surface inside and a flat surface to cover the exterior canopy, vault hemispherical half-orange.
FIG 8. muestra el despiece de la estructura principal y de los arcos que conforman el entramado inferior que forma el esqueleto de la bóveda. FIG 8. shows the exploded view of the main structure and of the arches that make up the lower framework that forms the skeleton of the vault.
FIG 9. muestra las secciones del sistema. FIG 9. shows the system sections.
EXPOSICIÓN DETALLADA DE MODOS DE REALIZACIÓN DETAILED EXHIBITION OF REALIZATION MODES
Tal y como se muestra en las figuras anteriores, el sistema de cubrición de espacios de planta rectangular o cuadrada, objeto de la presente invención, comprende una estructura tridimensional de madera laminada, con superficie abovedada esférica al interior y superficie plana para cubierta de pabellón al exterior, y que se caracteriza porque está constituido por una base en forma de anillo circular (1) desde donde arrancan los nervios radiales con directriz curva al interior y recta al exterior (2), sobre los que se apoyan una subestructura inferior (3) y otra superior (4) que permiten la colocación de un entablado inferior continuo (6) para generar una bóveda semiesférica al interior y otro entablado superior continuo y machihembrado (5) que permite el apoyo del material de cobertura hacia el exterior. As shown in the previous figures, the system of covering rectangular or square plan spaces, object of the present invention, comprises a three-dimensional structure of laminated wood, with spherical domed surface inside and flat surface for canopy roof exterior, and characterized in that it is constituted by a base in the form of a circular ring (1) from where the radial nerves with a curved guideline inside and straight to the outside (2), on which a lower substructure (3) are supported and another upper one (4) that allow the placement of a continuous lower boarding (6) to generate a semi-spherical vault inside and another continuous and tongue and groove upper boarding (5) that allows the support of the covering material towards the outside.
En las figuras 1 y 2 se muestra el conjunto del sistema de la invención, para una solución de una bóveda esférica, donde se dispone de una base formada por un anillo circular (1) de madera laminada, anclado y fijado. Sobre esta base (1) de madera se ancla y se fija un entramado estructural principal de madera laminada formado por nervios radiales con directriz recta al exterior y curva al interior (2) . Figures 1 and 2 show the whole system of the invention, for a solution of a spherical vault, where there is a base formed by a circular ring (1) of laminated, anchored and fixed wood. On this wooden base (1), a main structural framework of laminated wood formed by radial ribs with a straight guideline to the outside and curved inside (2) is fixed.
En su directriz curva se sitúa un entramado estructural secundario de pares radiales y concéntricos (3) , unidos y arriostraos a la estructura principal, para soportar el entablado que forma la bóveda inferior semiesférica (6) . In its curved guideline there is a secondary structural framework of radial and concentric pairs (3), joined and braced to the main structure, to support the boarding that forms the hemispherical lower vault (6).
Sobre la directriz recta de la estructura principal se sitúa un entramando estructural secundario (4) , de pares y correas rectos, unidos y arriostrados a éste, para sustentar el entablado que servirá de apoyo al material de cobertura (5) . On the straight guideline of the main structure a secondary structural framework (4), of pairs and straight belts, joined and braced to it, to support the boarding that will support the covering material (5).
Entre ambos entablados se genera una cámara de aire que ventila mediante unas aperturas (7) situadas entre el anillo circular y la base cuadrada o rectangular. Los huecos intersticiales que quedan entre la base del anillo-durmiente circular y el espacio cuadrado del perímetro permiten la colocación de celosías de madera triangulares interiores, que permiten ventilar el espacio interior a la estructura, impidiendo que las humedades de condensación que puedan deteriorar la madera laminada o afectar a su durabilidad. Between both planks an air chamber is generated that ventilates through openings (7) located between the circular ring and the square or rectangular base. The interstitial gaps that remain between the base of the circular sleeper ring and the square space of the perimeter allow the placement of interior triangular wooden lattices, which allow the interior space to be ventilated to the structure, preventing moisture condensation that can deteriorate the wood laminate or affect its durability.
Las posibilidades de aplicación de la invención serían obras de reforma y/o rehabilitación de cubiertas abovedadas, construcciones de nueva planta y ampliaciones. The possibilities of application of the invention would be works of reform and / or rehabilitation of domed roofs, new plant constructions and extensions.
Un ejemplo de realización preferente y no limitativo de ésta, se muestra en las FIG. 7,8 y 9, cuyos datos especificados son válidos para una bóveda que se inscriba dentro de un cuadrado de unos diez metros de lado. An example of a preferred and non-limiting embodiment thereof is shown in FIG. 7,8 and 9, whose specified data are valid for a vault that is inscribed within a square of about ten meters on the side.
La estructura, tanto principal como secundaria, se realiza con madera laminada y encolada, tipo Picea Abies (abeto del norte) , con calidad I y II, con láminas de 34, 20 y 13 mm. La madera será tratada por impregnación con productos de base fungicida, insecticida e hidrófuga, así como con productos ignífugos. The structure, both main and secondary, is made with laminated and glued wood, type Picea Abies (northern spruce), with quality I and II, with sheets of 34, 20 and 13 mm. The wood will be treated by impregnation with fungicide, insecticide and water-repellent products, as well as with flame retardant products.
Las uniones entre las diferentes piezas se realizan con herrajes metálicos galvanizados de acero S-275 de 2750 kg/cm2 de límite elástico, con tornillos de calidad 4.6 y 8.8. Se utilizan, para las uniones, placas, tornillos de anclaje y piezas especiales metálicas que garanticen su estabilidad. The joints between the different pieces are made with galvanized metal hardware of S-275 steel of 2750 kg / cm 2 of elastic limit, with quality screws 4.6 and 8.8. They are used, for the joints, plates, anchor bolts and special metal parts that guarantee their stability.
El anillo inferior tiene una escuadría de 300 x 700 mm (8) . La estructura principal está formada por nervios radiales ortogonales (9) y diagonales (10) con directriz curva en la cara inferior y directriz recta en la cara superior. Estos nervios tienen una sección variable como se detalla en la FIG. 8 y con un ancho de 105 mm. The lower ring has a 300 x 700 mm square (8). The main structure is formed by radial nerves orthogonal (9) and diagonal (10) with curved guideline on the lower face and straight directrix on the upper face. These nerves have a variable section as detailed in FIG. 8 and with a width of 105 mm.
Estos nervios confluyen en la parte superior de la bóveda realizándose su unión mediante una placa especial metálica que permite atornillar entre si a cada uno de estos nervios (11). These nerves converge in the upper part of the vault, making their union by means of a special metal plate that allows each of these nerves to be screwed together (11).
El entramado inferior está compuesto por arcos de sección constante de 80x225 mm (12) y por nervios concéntricos de 80x135 mm (13) que se unen a los nervios radiales mediante uniones metálicas atornilladas. El entramado superior está compuesto por correas de directriz recta de 80x140 mm (14) que se unen a los nervios principales mediante unas hendiduras realizadas previamente en taller. The lower framework is composed of 80x225 mm (12) constant section arcs and 80x135 mm (13) concentric ribs that are joined to the radial nerves by bolted metal joints. The upper lattice is composed of straps of straight guideline of 80x140 mm (14) that are joined to the main nerves by means of grooves previously made in the workshop.
En la FIG. 9 se observa el entablado inferior esférico (15), situado sobre el entramado inferior de madera de abeto, está machihembrado y tiene unas dimensiones de 135x16 mm. El entablado superior (16) , situado sobre el entramado superior, de madera de abeto, está machihembrado y tiene unas dimensiones de 140x22 mm. Sobre éste se coloca el material de cobertura. En la FIG.9 se recoge una cubrición formada por una capa aislante de fibra de vidrio (17) fijada al entablillado, placa de ONDÜLINE® (18) fijada al entablado por tirafondos de acero galvanizado, malla metálica de alambre galvanizado (19), de 20x20x1,5 mm, fijada por tirafondos. Sobre esta malla, se situarían el material de cobertura, constituido por tejas cerámicas (20) cogidas a la malla mediante mortero de cemento. In FIG. 9 shows the spherical lower deck (15), located on the lower framework of spruce wood, is tongue and groove and has dimensions of 135x16 mm. The upper deck (16), located on the upper framework of spruce wood, is tongue and groove and has dimensions of 140x22 mm. The cover material is placed on it. FIG. 9 shows a covering formed by an insulating layer of fiberglass (17) fixed to the splinting, ONDÜLINE® plate (18) fixed to the entanglement by galvanized steel screws, galvanized wire mesh (19), 20x20x1.5 mm, fixed by screws. On this mesh, the covering material would be placed, consisting of ceramic tiles (20) taken to the mesh by cement mortar.
El remate del faldón se dispone mediante mortero de cemento (21) para evitar la penetración y anidamiento de aves. El canal de recogida de aguas (22) , de chapa de plomo y espesor mayor de 3 mm, se sitúa entre las diferentes bóvedas, tal y como muestra la FIG.9.  The top of the skirt is arranged by cement mortar (21) to prevent the penetration and nesting of birds. The water collection channel (22), of lead sheet and thickness greater than 3 mm, is located between the different vaults, as shown in FIG. 9. 

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. - Sistema de cubrición de espacios de planta rectangular o cuadrada, que comprende una estructura tridimensional de madera laminada, con superficie abovedada esférica al interior y superficie plana para cubierta de pabellón al exterior; donde dicho sistema se caracteriza porque está constituido por una base en forma de anillo circular (1) desde donde arrancan los nervios radiales (2), sobre los que se apoyan una subestructura inferior (3) y otra superior (4) que permiten la colocación de un entablado inferior continuo (6) para generar una bóveda semiesférica al interior y otro entablado superior continuo y machihembrado (5) que permite el apoyo del material de cobertura hacia el exterior. 1. - System of covering spaces of rectangular or square plan, comprising a three-dimensional structure of laminated wood, with a spherical domed surface inside and a flat surface to cover the pavilion outside; where said system is characterized in that it is constituted by a base in the form of a circular ring (1) from where the radial ribs (2) start, on which a lower substructure (3) and an upper substructure (4) are supported that allow placement of a continuous lower boarding (6) to generate a hemispherical vault inside and another continuous and tongue and groove upper boarding (5) that allows the support of the covering material towards the outside.
2. - Sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 en donde los nervios radiales (2) son unos seleccionados entre: 2. - System according to claim 1 wherein the radial ribs (2) are selected from:
- con directriz curva al interior y recta al exterior;  - with a curved guideline inside and straight outside;
- con directriz recta al exterior y curva al interior.  - with straight guideline to the outside and curve inside.
3. - Sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 y 2 en donde entre ambos entablados (5,6) se genera una cámara de aire que ventila, mediante una pluralidad de aberturas (7) situadas entre el anillo circular (1) y la base cuadrada o rectangular. 3. - System according to claim 1 and 2 wherein between both planks (5,6) a ventilating air chamber is generated, by means of a plurality of openings (7) located between the circular ring (1) and the base square or rectangular
4. - Sistema de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones 1 a 3 en donde los huecos intersticiales que quedan entre la base del anillo-durmiente circular y el espacio cuadrado del perímetro permiten la colocación de celosías de madera triangulares interiores, ventilando el espacio interior a la estructura. 4. - System according to claims 1 to 3 wherein the interstitial gaps that remain between the base of the circular sleeper ring and the square space of the perimeter allow the placement of interior triangular wooden lattices, ventilating the interior space to the structure .
5. - Sistema de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones anteriores en donde la subestructura inferior (3) es un entramado estructural secundario de pares radiales y concéntricos. 5. - System according to the preceding claims wherein the lower substructure (3) is a secondary structural framework of radial and concentric pairs.
6. - Sistema de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones anteriores en donde la subestructura superior (4) es un entramado estructural secundario de pares radiales y concéntricos. 6. - System according to the preceding claims wherein the upper substructure (4) is a framework secondary structural of radial and concentric pairs.
PCT/ES2011/000383 2010-12-30 2011-12-29 Rectangular‑ or square‑footprint system for covering spaces WO2012089871A2 (en)

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ES201032011A ES2385389B1 (en) 2010-12-30 2010-12-30 RECTANGULAR OR SQUARE PLANT SPACE COVER SYSTEM.

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR796253A (en) * 1935-10-12 1936-04-03 Roof-bearing vault system
CH549138A (en) * 1971-06-01 1974-05-15 Technical Operations Basel Sa METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A REMOVABLE HOUSE FRAME AND AFTERMARKING HOUSE FRAME.
US4400927A (en) * 1980-07-14 1983-08-30 Iowa State Research Foundation, Inc. Method of forming a skeletal dome structure in situ
US7152384B1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2006-12-26 Mccarty Gerald Joseph Dome kit, structure and method
WO2007040414A1 (en) * 2005-10-05 2007-04-12 Alukov Hz Spol.S.R.O. Enclosure, especially spa enclosure

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US8307605B2 (en) * 2007-03-26 2012-11-13 Mccarty Gerald Joseph Dome kit, structure and method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR796253A (en) * 1935-10-12 1936-04-03 Roof-bearing vault system
CH549138A (en) * 1971-06-01 1974-05-15 Technical Operations Basel Sa METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A REMOVABLE HOUSE FRAME AND AFTERMARKING HOUSE FRAME.
US4400927A (en) * 1980-07-14 1983-08-30 Iowa State Research Foundation, Inc. Method of forming a skeletal dome structure in situ
US7152384B1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2006-12-26 Mccarty Gerald Joseph Dome kit, structure and method
WO2007040414A1 (en) * 2005-10-05 2007-04-12 Alukov Hz Spol.S.R.O. Enclosure, especially spa enclosure

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DATABASE WPI Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 1974-E4937V & CH 549 138 A (TECHNICAL OPERATIONS BASEL SA) 15 May 1974 *
DATABASE WPI Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 2008-L48539 & US 2008 236057 A1 (MCCARTY GERALD JOSEPH) 02 October 2008 *

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