WO2012089077A1 - 一种应用于低位照明的led光源组件及led灯具 - Google Patents

一种应用于低位照明的led光源组件及led灯具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012089077A1
WO2012089077A1 PCT/CN2011/084624 CN2011084624W WO2012089077A1 WO 2012089077 A1 WO2012089077 A1 WO 2012089077A1 CN 2011084624 W CN2011084624 W CN 2011084624W WO 2012089077 A1 WO2012089077 A1 WO 2012089077A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
light source
led
curvature
lens
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Application number
PCT/CN2011/084624
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁毅
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北京朗波尔光电股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2012089077A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012089077A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/08—Refractors for light sources producing an asymmetric light distribution
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0028—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed refractive and reflective surfaces, e.g. non-imaging catadioptric systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
    • G02B19/0061—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source the light source comprising a LED
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
    • G02B27/0955—Lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting
    • F21W2131/103—Outdoor lighting of streets or roads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F21Y2103/10—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes comprising a linear array of point-like light-generating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
    • F21Y2105/10—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • LED light source assembly and LED lamp for low-level illumination
  • the invention belongs to the field of illumination, and in particular to an LED (light emitting diode) light source assembly and an LED lamp for low-level illumination. Background technique
  • the high poles of conventional pole road lamps have caused a lot of inconvenience in installation and maintenance.
  • the staff needs to work at heights, so there is a certain personal safety hazard.
  • the lighting equipment placed at high altitude imposes extremely strict requirements on the wind resistance, earthquake resistance and weather resistance of its fixed equipment (mainly street lamp poles), and there are also certain safety hazards, especially for bridges and other applications.
  • the vibration and vibration generated by the pole-type road lamps affected by environmental factors such as wind power may even have a destructive effect on the roadbed.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a low-level illumination application.
  • LED light source components and LED lamps suitable for installations of conventional pole-type road lamps, such as ramps, viaducts, general bridges, overpasses, auxiliary roads, temporary stops, etc., with low-level installation to meet the lighting needs of most special applications , that is, directional emission and wide illumination range without glare.
  • the present invention provides an LED light source assembly for low-level illumination, comprising: a plurality of arrayed LED light source units mounted on the same LED substrate; the LED light source unit, comprising: a light source And a lens disposed on the light source, the lens has a concave light incident surface for the light of the light source to enter and a light exit surface for the light to be emitted, the light exit surface is a free curved surface having a score
  • the boundary line divides the free-form surface into two sides, and the curvature of one side curved surface is slower than the other side curved surface, so that the light is deflected by the lens toward the curved surface on which the curvature of the light-emitting surface changes gently.
  • the area of the one side curved surface whose curvature changes gently is greater than or equal to the other side curved surface.
  • the light incident surface includes at least two quadric surfaces, the curved surfaces are arranged side by side, and the curvature of the curved surface monotonously changes along the arrangement direction of the curved surface, so that the light passes through the lens toward the light incident surface.
  • a curved side deflection of a curvature wherein a central axis of the light incident surface passes through the light source position; the boundary line is an alignment direction parallel to the quadratic surface of the light incident surface and a plane including the central axis is The projection on the light-emitting surface; the projection direction of the curvature direction of the free-form surface on the light-emitting surface is at an angle to the direction of the arrangement of the quadric surface on the light-incident surface.
  • the light incident surface includes at least one free curved surface shaped as the light emitting surface, such as a plurality of the free curved surfaces, the free curved surfaces are arranged side by side, and the curvature of each free curved surface changes along the direction of the free curved surface.
  • the trend is the same, so that the light is deflected by the lens toward the light-incident surface on the light-incident side of the curvature of the curved surface; wherein the central axis of the light-incident surface passes through the light source position; a trend direction parallel to a curvature change of the free curved surface on the light incident surface and a projection of the plane containing the central axis on the light exit surface; a projection of a trend direction of the curvature of the free curved surface on the light exit surface on a horizontal plane There is an angle between the trend direction of the curvature of the free-form surface on the incident surface.
  • the lens cover is disposed on the light source such that a central axis of the light incident surface coincides with an optical axis of the light source, and the angle is 90 degrees.
  • the method further includes: a reflector, a curve having a large curvature change on a light exiting surface of the lens On one side of the face, the light emitted from the curved surface is reflected to the other side; the lens is left with a card, the reflector is placed in the card position; or the reflector is fixed with the lens to the aluminum of the light-emitting component On the substrate or heat sink.
  • the reflective surface of the reflector is a quadric surface or a free curved surface, and the high reflectivity material is plated to obtain a specular reflection effect or a diffuse reflection effect; the outer surface of the reflector is etched or matte to break up other The light emitting component illuminates the light of the outer surface.
  • the plurality of LED light source units on the LED light source assembly are arranged in a line; the lens is rotated such that a direction of curvature of the free curved surface on the light exit surface of the lens of the LED light source unit has a trend direction and a direction of the straight line arrangement. Angle.
  • the present invention further provides an LED lamp for low-level illumination, comprising: at least one LED light source component; the LED light source component further comprising: a plurality of array rows mounted on the same LED substrate
  • the LED light source unit of the cloth; the LED light source unit further includes: a light source and a lens disposed on the light source, the lens having a concave light incident surface for the light of the light source to enter and a light to be emitted
  • the light-emitting surface is a free-form surface having a boundary line dividing the free-form surface into two sides, and the curvature of one side curved surface is slower than the other side curved surface, so that the light passes through the lens to the light-emitting surface A curved surface with a gentle curvature on the surface is deflected.
  • the area of the one side curved surface whose curvature changes gently is greater than or equal to the other side curved surface.
  • the light incident surface includes at least two quadric surfaces, the curved surfaces are arranged side by side, and the curvature of the curved surface monotonously changes along the arrangement direction of the curved surface, so that the light passes through the lens toward the light incident surface.
  • a curved side deflection of a curvature wherein a central axis of the light incident surface passes through the light source position; the boundary line is an alignment direction parallel to the quadratic surface of the light incident surface and a plane including the central axis is The projection on the light-emitting surface; the projection direction of the curvature direction of the free-form surface on the light-emitting surface is at an angle to the direction of the arrangement of the quadric surface on the light-incident surface.
  • the light incident surface includes at least one free curved surface shaped as the light emitting surface, such as a plurality of the free curved surfaces, the free curved surfaces are arranged side by side, and the curvature of each free curved surface changes along the direction of the free curved surface.
  • the trend is the same, so that the light is deflected by the lens toward the light-incident surface on the light-incident side of the curvature of the curved surface; wherein the central axis of the light-incident surface passes through the light source position; a direction parallel to the curvature of the free-form surface of the incident surface and a projection of a plane including the central axis on the light-emitting surface; a projection direction of a curvature direction of the free-form surface on the light-emitting surface is at an angle to a trend direction of a curvature change of the free-form surface on the light-incident surface .
  • the technical solution solves the problem that the conventional pole type road lamps are not suitable for installation in the application sites such as ramps, viaduct roads, general bridges, interchanges, auxiliary roads, temporary stops, etc., and specializes in designing and structural design for these special application environments.
  • Light distribution design special design for these special application environments, such as embedded installation, suction-mounted installation, etc.; good heat dissipation design for different installation methods;
  • the light can be directionally emitted and gathered to greatly improve the utilization efficiency of light energy.
  • the light emitted by the luminaire should be illuminated along the driving direction as much as possible, and the distance of the illumination is close to the distance between the two lamps; It can prevent the light from being emitted backwards to prevent the driver's eyes from illuminating and other unfavorable factors.
  • the light emitted by the luminaire can shine as much as possible on the road surface. The distance illuminated in this direction is close to the road. Width, providing a better exit light path, increasing the light energy utilization of the road surface and the longitudinal and lateral illumination uniformity of the road surface;
  • the technical scheme has reasonable structural design, high-intensity lamp body structure, excellent heat dissipation effect, diversified installation manner, precise light distribution design, high efficiency light transmittance utilization, and ensures that the lamp can work under severe special outdoor environment. , with better optical application performance.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic exploded view of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the LED light source unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic exploded view of the LED light source assembly of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an LED light source unit according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 5a) is an overall structural diagram of the LED light source unit, and FIG. 5b is a schematic exploded view of the LED light source unit.
  • Figure 6 is a side elevational view of the LED lens of the present invention, wherein Figures 6a through 6e are schematic views of different sides, respectively.
  • Fig. 7 is a view of the optical path of the light passing through the LED lens of the present invention, wherein Fig. 7a is an optical path diagram of the light rays in the X direction and the Y direction, and Fig. 7b is an optical path diagram of the light rays in the Y direction.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the lens arrangement of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the comparison of the optical paths before and after the installation of the reflector of the present invention, wherein Fig. 9a is a schematic view of the optical path before the reflector is installed, and Fig. 9b is a schematic view of the optical path after the reflector is mounted.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic view showing the illumination range of the lamp of the present invention, wherein Fig. 10a is a schematic view of the illumination range of the lamp along the driving direction, and Fig. 10b is a schematic view of the illumination range of the lamp along the road surface.
  • an LED light source assembly applied to low-level illumination, comprising: a plurality of arrayed LED light source units mounted on the same LED substrate; the LED light source unit comprising: a light source and a cover disposed at a lens on the light source, the lens having a concave incident surface into which the light of the light source is incident and a light exiting surface for the light to be emitted, the light exiting surface being a free curved surface having a boundary line to the free curved surface Divided into two sides, the curvature of one side curved surface is slower than the other side curved surface, so that the light is deflected by the lens to the side surface of the light exiting surface with a gentle curvature change.
  • the light incident surface includes at least two quadric surfaces or at least one free curved surface shaped as the light exiting surface to provide a side-lighting light distribution toward the road surface in a forward direction and a downward direction.
  • the area of the curved surface on which the curvature changes gently on the light-emitting surface is greater than or equal to the surface of the other side, so that most of the light output can be deflected toward the curved surface with a gentle curvature change.
  • the area of the curved surface on which the curvature changes gently on the light-emitting surface is larger than the surface of the other side, the deflection effect is extremely remarkable.
  • the light-emitting surface is a free-form surface, and those skilled in the art can set a plurality of boundary lines by modification and change, but those skilled in the art can understand that even if a plurality of boundary lines are included, there must be one such as the present invention.
  • the light-emitting surface can be divided into a side surface having a gentle curvature change and a side surface having a sharp change in curvature, and the boundary line is the XOZ plane shown in FIG. The projection on the surface.
  • the LED lamp applied to the low-level illumination includes: an end cover 1, a waterproof pad 2, a lamp body 3, an LED substrate 4, an LED light source 5, an LED lens 6, a reflector 7, and a translucent panel 8. , the shutter 9 , the LED driving power supply 10 , the electrical bracket 11 , the respirator 12 , the waterproof joint 13 , and the like.
  • the luminaire comprises eighteen LED light sources 5, wherein each of the six LED light sources 5 is packaged on an LED substrate 4 to form an LED light source assembly.
  • the luminaire has a total of three LED light source components, and the LED light source components collectively provide illumination.
  • Each of the LED light sources 5 is provided with an LED lens 6 and a reflector 7 .
  • the LED lens 6 is fixed on the LED substrate 4
  • the reflector 7 is fixed on the LED lens 6 .
  • the LED lens 6 covers the LED light source 5 .
  • the reflector 7 is mounted on one side of the lens 6.
  • the number of light sources and the arrangement of the LED light source components may be other numbers and modes.
  • the number of the light sources and/or the LED light source components are applied in actual lamps, and are generally arranged according to a certain pitch, but the limitation is not limited.
  • the number of light sources and/or the number of LED light source components used, the technical solution is not limited thereto.
  • the lamp body 3 is a constant-section tensile structure having a U-shaped structure, with reference to Figs.
  • the bottom edge of the U-shaped section has an angle with the horizontal projection of the bottom edge to cooperate with the LED lens 6 to achieve and adjust the light distribution toward the road surface in the forward direction and the downward direction.
  • the LED light source 5 is placed in the tensile structure of the lamp body 3 and is in thermal contact by the LED substrate 4 being in close contact with the bottom surface of the lamp body 3, wherein the thermal contact refers to a high thermal conductive material filling contact, the bottom
  • the bottom surface on which the edge is located is the inner wall plane of the tensile structure opposite the opening of the tensile structure.
  • the shielding plate 9 covers the LED substrate 4 to cover the bonding wires and fix them on the lamp body 3.
  • the outer wall of the U-shaped structure of the lamp body 3 is provided with a plurality of rows of fins, and the fins are directly exposed to the outside air. Therefore, "LED light source ⁇ LED substrate ⁇ inner wall of the lamp ⁇ heat sink fins ⁇ outside the lamp body is formed inside the lamp body A good cooling channel for the boundary.
  • the end cover 1 is assembled on both sides of the tensile structure of the lamp body 3 to form an open cavity, wherein the lamp body 3 and the end cover 1 are connected and fixed by a screw mechanism, and the LED substrate 4, the LED light source 5, and the LED are in the cavity.
  • the lens 6, the reflector 7, and the shutter 9 are provided.
  • the light transmissive panel 8 is mounted on the lamp body 3 to cover the open cavity, so that the light transmissive panel 8 and the lamp body 3 and the end cap 1 enclose the inside of the lamp body into a closed cavity.
  • the end caps have mounting members that differ in position and/or direction of attachment, such as connection holes, to accommodate in-line or suction-mounted installations. Specifically, a hole is formed in the end cover 1 in the direction of the side of the light-transmitting panel 8 to accommodate the embedded mounting; a hole is formed in the end cover 1 in a direction perpendicular to the light-transmitting panel 8 to accommodate the suction mounting.
  • the LED driving power source 10 is disposed outside the heat radiating fin of the outer wall of the lamp body 3, and is connected and fixed to the lamp body 3 by the electric device bracket 11.
  • the embodiment is an outdoor application lamp, and a waterproof structure such as a waterproof pad, a waterproof joint, a sealant, or the like is added, for example, the respirator 12 and the waterproof joint 13 are assembled on the upper side of the lamp body 3 adjacent to the LED driving power source 10, so that The overall protection level is not less than IP65.
  • a waterproof pad 2 is provided at the junction between the end cap 1 and the lamp body 3; the joint between the translucent panel 8 and the end cap 1 and the lamp body 3 is sealed with a sealant.
  • the lamp body 3 ⁇ is extruded with high-quality aluminum alloy material, which has strong structure, good shock resistance and good heat dissipation effect;
  • the end cover 1 is made of high-quality aluminum alloy die-casting, high structural strength, convenient installation and strong practicability;
  • the panel 8 is made of high-strength textured tempered glass, which effectively suppresses glare, has high structural strength and strong resistance to strain.
  • the inner surface of the translucent panel 8 is striped or cloth or frosted to further reduce the glare of the lamp;
  • the white plastic injection molding has higher rate, the outer surface and the inner surface are treated differently to reduce glare and light pollution, and the light utilization efficiency is improved;
  • the LED lens 6 is precision molded by transparent plastic with excellent optical properties, such as PMMA (polyamide) Acrylate or PC (polycarbonate) plastic with precise light distribution and high light transmittance.
  • an LED light source 5, an LED lens 6 matched with the LED light source 5, and a reflector 7 disposed on the side of the LED lens 6 are assembled into an LED light source unit, and a plurality of LED light source units are arranged in an array.
  • the cloth can be obtained with an LED light source assembly.
  • the structural shape of the LED light source 5 is not limited.
  • the LED lens 6 is left with a card position, and the reflector 7 is placed in the card position, or may be reversed.
  • the emitter 7 and the LED lens 6 are fixed to the LED substrate 4 together with screws.
  • a plurality of LED light source units are mounted on the same LED substrate 4, thereby obtaining an LED light source unit.
  • the LED light source 5 is mounted on the LED substrate 4, and the LED lens 6 and the LED reflector 7 are closely assembled by the snaps.
  • the LED lens 6 is mounted on the LED substrate 4 and covers the LED light source 5 to assemble the LED lens 6, the LED reflector 7, the LED light source 5, and the LED substrate 4.
  • LED light source unit consisting of the LED light source 5, the LED lens 6 and the reflector 7 is discussed in detail below.
  • the LED lens 6 In order to provide a better exiting optical path, increase the light energy utilization rate of the road surface and the longitudinal and lateral illumination of the road surface, the LED lens 6 has a concave light incident surface for the light source to enter and a light output for the light.
  • the light passing through the two faces is deflected in a specified spatial direction by designing different axial structures of the light surface and the light incident surface. In general, it can be implemented by the following two schemes:
  • the light incident surface includes at least two quadric surfaces, the curved surfaces are arranged side by side, and a curvature of the curved surface changes monotonously along an arrangement direction of the curved surface;
  • the light emitting surface is a free curved surface having a boundary line Dividing the free-form surface into two sides of the size, the curvature of the curved surface having a larger area is slower than the curved surface having a smaller area; thereby making the light passing through the lens to the curved surface having the smallest curvature on the light-incident surface and the light-emitting surface a curved surface with a gentle curvature on the surface;
  • the central axis of the light incident surface ie, corresponding to the Z axis in the following embodiment
  • the dividing line is a direction parallel to the arrangement of the quadric surfaces on the light-incident surface (the arrangement direction is equivalent to the X-axis direction in the following embodiment, and when it is a plurality of quadric surfaces, the arrangement is also a projection of the plane along the central axis of the light incident surface (ie, the XOZ plane) on the light exit surface in the X-axis direction; the lens may be integrally formed according to the desired deflection direction of the outgoing light.
  • the projection direction of the curvature of the free-form surface on the light-emitting surface has a corresponding angle between the projection on the horizontal plane (i.e., the Y-axis direction in the following embodiment) and the arrangement direction of the quadric surface on the light-incident surface.
  • the light-emitting surface is a free-form surface, and the boundary surface divides the free-form surface into two sides of the size, and the curvature of the curved surface of the larger area is slower than the curved surface of the smaller area;
  • the light-incident surface includes At least one free-form surface shaped as the light-emitting surface, such as a plurality of the free-form surfaces, the self The potential is consistent (that is, each free-form surface has a larger surface area on the same direction side in the direction of arrangement and a gentle curvature change, and the surface of the other direction side has a smaller area and a rapid change in curvature);
  • the lens is deflected toward the light-incident surface on the side where the curvature of the curved surface changes gently and the curved surface on which the curvature changes gently on the light-emitting surface;
  • the central axis of the light incident surface ie, corresponding to the Z axis in the following embodiment
  • the dividing line is a trend direction parallel to the curvature of the free-form surface on the light-incident surface (when the surface is arranged as a plurality of free-form surfaces, which is equivalent to the X-axis direction in the following embodiment) a projection of a plane including a central axis of the light incident surface on the light exiting surface; when the lens is integrally formed, the direction of curvature of the free curved surface on the light exiting surface may be changed in a horizontal direction according to a desired direction of deflection of the outgoing light
  • the projection i.e., corresponding to the ⁇ -axis direction in the following embodiment
  • the concave concave surface includes two quadric surfaces in the first embodiment, and other implementation manners, such as the concave concave surface, include multiple times.
  • the structure of a surface or at least one free-form surface is no longer described.
  • the above-mentioned angle may be set according to the need of the optical path deflection.
  • the X-axis and the Y-axis are described at an angle of 90 degrees, but the present embodiment is not limited thereto.
  • the LED lens 6 will be described by taking the concave surface of the first embodiment as including two quadric surfaces as an example.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b For convenience of the following description, a stereo rectangular coordinate system is introduced here, as shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b, wherein the X axis corresponds to the width direction of the LED lens 6 (ie, the left and right direction), and the Y axis corresponds to the length direction of the LED lens 6 ( That is, the front-rear direction), the Z-axis corresponds to the height direction of the LED lens 6, that is, the up-and-down direction, and the Z-axis is also the optical axis of the LED light source 5.
  • the X axis corresponds to the width direction of the LED lens 6 (ie, the left and right direction)
  • the Y axis corresponds to the length direction of the LED lens 6 ( That is, the front-rear direction)
  • the Z-axis corresponds to the height direction of the LED lens 6, that is, the up-and-down direction
  • the Z-axis is also the optical axis of the LED light source 5.
  • the LED lens 6 is disposed on the LED light source 5, and the central axis of the concave concave surface of the LED lens 6 coincides with the optical axis of the LED light source 5, that is, the LED lens
  • the central axis of the concave concave surface of 6 is also the Z axis.
  • the peripheral structure other than the light incident surface and the light exiting surface of the lens can be changed to fix the reflector.
  • Figure 6 is a side view of the LED lens 6 of the present invention, with reference to Figure 6c, where la is light Face, but the illuminating surface la is not a whole spherical surface like the traditional lens illuminating surface, nor is it smoothed by multiple curved surfaces. This surface is fitted to a curve by multiple discrete points (generally called The busbar is converted to a curved surface, in fact it is a freeform surface.
  • the light exiting surface la is symmetrical about the Y axis. Centering on the origin, the intersection line between the plane formed by the X-axis and the Z-axis and the light-emitting surface la is defined as a boundary line.
  • the light-emitting surface is divided into two parts by the boundary line, and the surface of the Y-axis has a large curved surface area and a curvature change. Slower, the surface area of the Y-axis negative direction is smaller and the curvature changes faster. The purpose of this is to make the light as far as possible to the positive half-axis of the Y-axis, that is, to the driving direction (see Figure 10a).
  • the light-emitting surface is divided into two portions having the same area by the boundary line, and the present invention can also be realized to make the light as far as possible to the positive half-axis of the Y-axis.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the angle of the light entering the LED lens 6 is smaller than the incident light, that is, the light entering the light faces the light. It acts as a slight divergence toward the positive side of the Y-axis.
  • the exit angle is larger than the incident angle (this incident angle is the exit angle of the light incident surface), and is located on the left side of the central axis (the positive side of the Y axis).
  • the surface of the curved surface with a slow curvature changes is large, so that it can be completely ensured that most of the light is deflected toward the positive side of the Y-axis by the curvature of the curved surface with a slow curvature change, and is slightly diverged.
  • center axis (dotted line) of the concave concave surface coincides with the optical axis (dotted line) of the light-emitting diode.
  • the light incident surface in FIG. 6 is formed by smoothly connecting two quadric surfaces 2a and 2b having different curvatures in the direction of the X axis. Referring to FIGS. 6d and 6e, the light incident surface is symmetric about the X axis and is in the positive direction of the X axis. The curvature of the curved surface 2b is smaller than the curved surface 2a in the negative direction of the X-axis. The purpose of this is to make the light as far as possible to the negative half-axis of the X-axis, that is, the light is deflected downward and directed toward the road surface (see Fig. 10b).
  • the exit angle is greater than the angle of incidence (this angle of incidence is the exit angle of the incident surface).
  • this angle of incidence is the exit angle of the incident surface.
  • Fig. 7a in the cross section of the light-emitting surface 62 along the X direction, most of the outgoing light rays on the left side of the central axis (i.e., the chain line in Fig. 7a) are more deflected toward the negative side of the X-axis, the central axis. Most of the outgoing light on the right side is deflected more toward the positive side of the X-axis.
  • the outgoing light on the right side of the central axis deflects more than the outgoing light on the left side of the central axis; overall, the light-emitting surface 62 passes through the LED.
  • the outgoing light of the lens 6 has an effect of slightly gathering toward the central axis.
  • FIG. 7b in the cross section of the light-emitting surface 62 in the Y direction, the surface of the curved surface on the left side of the center axis (ie, the dotted line in FIG.
  • the LED lens 6 Since the luminaire is suitable for low installation heights of less than 1.5 meters, the LED lens 6 should be designed so that the deflection angle of the outgoing light should not be too large, otherwise the entire road surface may not be illuminated. Based on the above features, the LED lens 6 integrates the light emitted by the LED light source 5 by means of refraction and total reflection, and redistributes the light path of the emitted light. Most of the light is emitted in the direction of the vehicle (see Figure 10a), and at the same time, the light must be deflected towards the road side in the vertical road plane to facilitate more light being projected onto the road (see Figure 10b).
  • the LED lens 6 can be rotated at an appropriate angle according to actual needs.
  • the Y-axis direction of the LED lens 6 of each LED light source unit is at an angle of 5 to 10 degrees with the arrangement direction of the LED light source unit of the entire LED light source unit. As shown in Figure 8, this angle is adjusted according to the installation distance of the luminaire.
  • the LED lens 6 and the LED reflector 7 are used together to provide a better exit path, which increases the light energy utilization of the road surface and the longitudinal and lateral illumination uniformity of the road surface.
  • the reflector 7 As shown in FIGS. 9a and 9b, the reflector 7 is mounted on the LED lens 6 and is located on the curved side of the Y-axis negative direction side of the light-emitting surface of the LED lens 6, the latch of the reflector 7 and the card slot of the LED lens 6. Close cooperation makes it easy to assemble the product.
  • the inner surface of the reflector 7 (ie, the reflecting surface of the reflector 7 facing the LED light source 5 and the LED lens 6) is a quadric or free-form surface, and a high reflectivity material can be plated to obtain a specular reflection effect or Diffuse reflection effect, if white plastic with high reflectivity is used, the inner surface can be left untreated. Its function is to reflect the light in the negative direction of the Y-axis (the smaller surface of the lens exit surface) to the positive direction of the Y-axis. This part of the light will exit in the driving direction, which not only reduces the glare but also greatly increases the glare. High utilization efficiency of light energy.
  • the outer surface of the reflector 7 may emit light to the LED light source unit arranged behind it.
  • the outer surface of the reflector 7 In order to reduce or weaken such disadvantages, the outer surface of the reflector 7 must be etched or matte to dissipate light from the latter LED source unit to the outer surface, but the outer surface has no fixed shape. .
  • the distance between the LED light source units of the luminaire is large enough, it is not necessary to do the etching or sanding.
  • Fig. 10a in the top view along the road direction, the light emitted by the LED lamp is illuminated as far as possible in the driving direction.
  • the arrow pointing in Fig. 10a is the driving direction, and the distance of the illumination is close to the distance between the two lamps; and it is important to avoid the light. Reverse injection to prevent exposure to the driver's eyes, causing glare and other unfavorable factors;
  • Figure 10b in the direction of the vertical road, the light emitted by the luminaire can shine as much as possible on the road surface, and the distance illuminated in this direction is close to the road. The width.
  • the LED luminaires are used in pairs in general, that is, they are installed on the left and right sides of the road.
  • the two LED luminaires installed in the opposite direction are different from the light incident surface of the lens of the LED light source assembly (the shapes of the light incident surfaces are opposite), and the rest are the same, and the assembly and fixing methods are also the same.
  • the body of the LED lens 6 can also be modified. The structure only needs to clamp the LED lens 6 on the LED substrate 4, which is convenient to operate and greatly improves assembly efficiency.
  • the present invention solves the problem that it is not suitable to install conventional pole type road lamps in applications such as ramps, viaduct roads, general bridges, interchanges, auxiliary roads, temporary stops, etc., and specializes in designing for these special application environments.
  • structural design, light distribution design
  • Special application environment specializes in designing various installation methods, such as embedded installation, suction-mounted installation, etc.; good heat dissipation design for different installation methods; directional emission and gathering of light, greatly improving the utilization efficiency of light energy
  • the light emitted by the luminaire should be illuminated as far as possible along the driving direction.
  • the distance of the illumination is close to the distance between the two lamps; and it is important to prevent the light from being emitted backwards to prevent the driver from shining into the eyes.
  • the light emitted by the luminaire can be illuminated as much as possible on the road surface.
  • the distance illuminated in this direction is close to the width of the road, providing a better exit light path and increasing the light energy of the road surface. Utilization rate and longitudinal and lateral illumination uniformity of the road surface;
  • the technical solution has reasonable structural design, high-intensity lamp body structure, excellent heat dissipation effect, diversified installation mode, precise light distribution design, and efficient light transmittance utilization. , to ensure that the luminaire can work in a severe and special outdoor environment, with better optical response Performance.

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Description

一种应用于低位照明的 LED光源组件及 LED灯具 技术领域
本发明属于照明领域， 具体地说， 涉及一种应用于低位照明的 LED (发 光二极管） 光源组件及 LED灯具。 背景技术
道路照明是伴随着道路的出现而出现的， 并从安全性、 舒适性、 便利性 等各方面为人们的日常交通生活带来了方便。 但现今市面常见的道路路面照 明设备基本全部为常规杆式道路灯具， 随着科学技术的进步， 人们开始发现 常规杆式道路灯具在许多应用场所具有较大的局限性。
由于常规杆式道路灯具的灯杆比较高给安装和维护带来了许多的不便。 在安装和维护过程中， 工作人员都需要高空作业， 因而存在着一定的人身安 全隐患。 并且， 高空挂置的照明设备， 对其固定设备（主要指路灯灯杆） 的 抗风、 抗震、 耐候性能等提出了极为严格的要求， 同时也存在着一定的安全 隐患， 特别是桥梁等应用场所， 杆式道路灯具受风力等环境因素的影响而产 生的震动与振动甚至会对路基体产生破坏性影响。
此外， 由于眩光给驾驶员带来的视觉影响， 会极大降低人眼的感知舒适 性与视觉识别能力， 从而造成交通事故隐患， 因此在道路交通照明应用中， 在眩光控制方面的要求非常严格， 而常规杆式道路灯具由于照射宽度的要 求， 出光角度较宽， 眩光上很难进行控制。
另一方面， 还是基于配光技术的局限性， 在匝道等特殊的单行、 多弯等 复杂道路应用场所， 常规杆式道路灯具由于其泛光照明特性， 光路不完全集 中在路面上， 使路面照明的引导性达不到需求， 造成道路照明盲点， 进而易 引发交通事故。 发明内容
有鉴于此， 本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种应用于低位照明的 LED光源组件及 LED灯具， 针对匝道、 高架桥路、 通用桥梁、 立交桥、 辅 路、 临时停靠路等不适宜安装常规杆式道路灯具的应用场所， 配合其低位安 装以满足大部分特殊应用场所的照明需求， 即定向发射且照射范围广而且不 产生眩光。
为了解决上述技术问题， 本发明提供了一种应用于低位照明的 LED 光 源组件， 包括： 多个安装于同一 LED基板上的阵列式排布的 LED光源单元； 所述 LED 光源单元， 包括： 光源和罩设在所述光源上的透镜， 所述透镜具 有一供光源的光线入射的内凹的入光面及一供该光线出射的出光面， 该出光 面为一自由曲面， 其具有一分界线将该自由曲面分为两侧， 一侧曲面的曲率 变化緩于另一侧曲面， 以此使光线经所述透镜向该出光面上曲率变化平緩的 一侧曲面偏转。
进一步地， 所述曲率变化平緩的一侧曲面的面积大于等于另一侧曲面。 进一步地， 该入光面包括至少两个二次曲面， 所述曲面并排排列， 所述 曲面的曲率沿所述曲面的排列方向单调变化， 以此使光线经所述透镜向该入 光面上曲率最小的曲面侧偏转； 其中， 该入光面的中心轴穿过该光源位置； 所述分界线为一平行于该入光面上二次曲面的排列方向并且包含所述中心 轴的平面在该出光面上的投影； 该出光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势方向 在水平面上的投影与该入光面上二次曲面的排列方向存在一夹角。
进一步地， 该入光面包括至少一个形如所述出光面的自由曲面， 如为多 个所述自由曲面， 所述自由曲面并排排列， 沿所述自由曲面的排列方向各个 自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势一致， 以此使光线经所述透镜向该入光面上各自 由曲面的曲率变化平緩的一侧偏转； 其中， 该入光面的中心轴穿过该光源位 置； 所述分界线为一平行于该入光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势方向并且 包含所述中心轴的平面在该出光面上的投影； 该出光面上自由曲面的曲率变 化的趋势方向在水平面上的投影与该入光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势 方向存在一夹角。
进一步地， 所述透镜罩设于所述光源上使所述入光面的中心轴与所述光 源的光轴重合， 并所述夹角为 90度。
进一步地， 还包括： 反射器， 置于所述透镜的出光面上曲率变化大的曲 面一侧， 将该曲面出射的光线反射至另一侧； 所述透镜留有卡位， 所述反射 器放置在所述卡位中； 或者所述反射器与透镜一起固定在发光组件的铝基板 或散热器上。
进一步地， 所述反射器的反射面为二次曲面或自由曲面， 电镀高反射率 材料以获得镜面反射效果或漫反射效果； 所述反射器的外表面作蚀纹或磨砂 处理以打散其他发光组件照射到该外表面的光线。
进一步地， 所述 LED光源组件上的多个 LED光源单元呈直线排列； 所 述透镜旋转， 使 LED 光源单元的透镜的出光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋 势方向与所述直线排列方向具有一夹角。
为了解决上述技术问题， 本发明还提供了一种应用于低位照明的 LED 灯具， 包括： 至少一个 LED光源组件； 所述 LED光源组件， 还包括： 多个 安装于同一 LED基板上的阵列式排布的 LED光源单元；所述 LED光源单元， 进一步包括： 光源和罩设在所述光源上的透镜， 所述透镜具有一供光源的光 线入射的内凹的入光面及一供该光线出射的出光面， 该出光面为一自由曲 面， 其具有一分界线将该自由曲面分为两侧， 一侧曲面的曲率变化緩于另一 侧曲面， 以此使光线经所述透镜向该出光面上曲率变化平緩的一侧曲面偏 转。
进一步地， 所述曲率变化平緩的一侧曲面的面积大于等于另一侧曲面。 进一步地， 该入光面包括至少两个二次曲面， 所述曲面并排排列， 所述 曲面的曲率沿所述曲面的排列方向单调变化， 以此使光线经所述透镜向该入 光面上曲率最小的曲面侧偏转； 其中， 该入光面的中心轴穿过该光源位置； 所述分界线为一平行于该入光面上二次曲面的排列方向并且包含所述中心 轴的平面在该出光面上的投影； 该出光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势方向 在水平面上的投影与该入光面上二次曲面的排列方向存在一夹角。
进一步地， 该入光面包括至少一个形如所述出光面的自由曲面， 如为多 个所述自由曲面， 所述自由曲面并排排列， 沿所述自由曲面的排列方向各个 自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势一致， 以此使光线经所述透镜向该入光面上各自 由曲面的曲率变化平緩的一侧偏转； 其中， 该入光面的中心轴穿过该光源位 置； 所述分界线为一平行于该入光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势方向并且 包含所述中心轴的平面在该出光面上的投影； 该出光面上自由曲面的曲率变 化的趋势方向在水平面上的投影与该入光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势 方向存在一夹角。
与现有的方案相比， 本发明所获得的技术效果：
本技术方案解决了在匝道、 高架桥路、 通用桥梁、 立交、 辅路、 临时停 靠路等应用场所不适宜安装常规杆式道路灯具的问题， 针对这些特殊的应用 环境专门的进行造型设计、 结构设计、 配光设计； 针对这些特殊的应用环境 专门的设计多样化的安装方式， 如嵌入式安装、 吸挂式安装等； 针对不同的 安装方式进行良好散热设计；
可将光线定向发射并聚拢， 极大地提高光能的利用效率， 在实际应用中 沿道路方向， 灯具出射的光线应尽量沿着行车方向照射， 照射的距离接近两 灯的间距； 且重要的是可避免光线反向射出， 以防照射到驾驶员的眼睛， 产 生眩光等不利因素； 另外， 在垂直道路方向， 灯具出射的光线可以尽可能多 的照向路面， 此方向照射的距离接近道路的宽度， 提供了较佳的出射光路， 增加路面的光能利用率和路面的纵向和横向光照均匀度；
本技术方案具有合理的结构设计， 高强度灯体结构， 优良的散热效果， 多样化的安装方式， 精准的配光设计， 高效的透光利用率， 确保灯具能在严 峻特殊的室外环境下工作， 具有更优秀的光学应用性能。 附图概述
图 1为本发明的分解结构示意图。
图 2为本发明的剖面结构示意图。
图 3为本发明的 LED光源单元的示意图。
图 4为本发明的 LED光源组件的分解结构示意图。
图 5为本发明的 LED光源单元的结构示意图， 其中， 图 5a )为 LED光 源单元的整体结构示意图， 图 5b )为 LED光源单元的分解结构示意图。
图 6为本发明的 LED透镜的侧面示意图， 其中， 图 6a至图 6e分别为各 不同侧面的示意图。 图 7为本发明的光线经过 LED透镜的光路图， 其中， 图 7a为光线在 X 方向和 Y方向上的光路图、 图 7b为光线在 Y方向上的光路图。
图 8为本发明的透镜排布示意图。
图 9为本发明的安装反射器前后的光路对比示意图， 其中， 图 9a为安 装反射器之前的光路示意图， 图 9b为安装反射器之后的光路示意图。
图 10为本发明的灯具的照射范围示意图， 其中图 10a为灯具沿行车方 向的照射范围示意图， 图 10b为灯具沿投射到路面的照射范围示意图。
【主要元件符号说明】
端盖 1、 防水垫 2、 灯体 3、 LED基板 4、 LED光源 5、 LED透镜 6、 反 射器 7、 透光面板 8、 遮线板 9、 LED驱动电源 10、 电器支架 11、 呼吸器 12、 防水接头 13。
本发明的较佳实施方式
以下将配合图式及实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式， 藉此对本发明 如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题并达成技术功效的实现过程能充分理解 并据以实施。
本发明的核心构思在于： 应用于低位照明的 LED 光源组件， 包括： 多 个安装于同一 LED基板上的阵列式排布的 LED光源单元；所述 LED光源单 元， 包括： 光源和罩设在所述光源上的透镜， 所述透镜具有一供光源的光线 入射的内凹的入光面及一供该光线出射的出光面， 该出光面为一自由曲面， 其具有一分界线将该自由曲面分为两侧， 一侧曲面的曲率变化緩于另一侧曲 面， 以此使光线经所述透镜向该出光面上曲率变化平緩的一侧曲面偏转。 该 入光面包括至少两个二次曲面或者至少一个形如所述出光面的自由曲面， 提 供朝向路面沿伸向前方向与向下方向的侧照式配光。 需要说明的是， 优选地， 出光面上所述曲率变化平緩的一侧曲面的面积 大于等于另一侧曲面， 这样可以保证大部分的出光均能向曲率变化平緩的一 侧曲面偏转。 尤其当出光面上所述曲率变化平緩的一侧曲面的面积大于另一 侧曲面时， 这种偏转效果极为明显。 本领域技术人员应该可以理解， 面积的 分配的方式的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围， 则都应在本发明所附 权利要求的保护范围内。
另需要说明的是， 出光面为一自由曲面， 本领域技术人员可以通过改动 和变化设置多条分界线， 但本领域技术人员可以理解即使包括多条分界线， 其中必会有一条如本发明所指出的分界线， 可按本发明的方式将出光面划分 为曲率变化平緩的一侧曲面和曲率变化急促的一侧曲面， 并且所述分界线为 图 5中所示的 XOZ平面在该出光面上的投影。
如图 1、 2所示，应用于低位照明的 LED灯具， 包含： 端盖 1、 防水垫 2、 灯体 3、 LED基板 4、 LED光源 5、 LED透镜 6、 反射器 7、 透光面板 8、 遮 线板 9、 LED驱动电源 10、 电器支架 11、 呼吸器 12、 防水接头 13等。
该灯具包含十八颗 LED光源 5,其中每六颗 LED光源 5封装于一块 LED 基板 4上形成一个 LED光源组件， 该灯具一共具有三个 LED光源组件， 这 些 LED光源组件共同提供照明。其中，每颗 LED光源 5配置有一个 LED透 镜 6和一个反射器 7, LED透镜 6固定在 LED基板 4上， 反射器 7固定在 LED透镜 6上， 其中， LED透镜 6罩住 LED光源 5, 反射器 7装配于透镜 6 一侧。 当然， 光源数量及形成 LED 光源组件的排布方式也可以是其它数量 及方式， 该光源数量和 /或 LED光源组件应用在实际灯具中， 一般都按一定 的间距规则排布， 但不限制该光源数量和 /或 LED光源组件使用的个数， 本 技术方案并不限于此。
灯体 3为恒定截面拉伸结构， 所述截面为 U型结构， 参考图 1和 2。 所 述 LED灯具水平放置时， 所述 U型截面的底边与该底边的水平投影具有一 角度， 以配合 LED透镜 6实现和调整朝向路面沿伸向前方向与向下方向的 配光。
LED光源 5置于灯体 3的拉伸结构中并通过 LED基板 4紧贴于灯体 3 中底边所在的底面形成热接触， 所述热接触是指高导热性材料填充接触， 所 述底边所在的底面为所述拉伸结构中与所述拉伸结构开口相对的内壁平面。 遮线板 9覆盖在 LED基板 4上遮住焊接线并将其固定在灯体 3上。 灯体 3 的 U型结构的外壁设有多列散热鳍片， 所述散热鳍片直接棵露于外界空气 中。 因而在灯体内部形成 "LED光源→LED基板→灯体内壁→散热鳍片→外 界" 的良好散热通道。
端盖 1装配于灯体 3的拉伸结构的两侧从而形成一开放的空腔， 其中灯 体 3与端盖 1通过螺纹机构连接固定， 空腔中有 LED基板 4、 LED光源 5、 LED透镜 6、 反射器 7和遮线板 9。 透光面板 8安装在灯体 3上来覆盖在所 述开放的空腔， 从而透光面板 8与灯体 3、 端盖 1将灯体内部围成一个密闭 的空腔。
所述端盖具有位置和 /或连接方向不同的安装部件， 如连接孔位等， 以适 应嵌入式或吸挂式安装。具体来说，在端盖 1上沿透光面板 8侧的方向开孔， 以适应嵌入式安装； 在端盖 1上沿垂直于透光面板 8的方向开孔， 以适应吸 挂式安装。 LED驱动电源 10安置于灯体 3外壁的散热鳍片外侧， 并用电器 支架 11将 LED驱动电源 10与灯体 3连接固定。
另外， 本实施例为户外应用灯具， 还加设防水垫、 防水接头、 密封胶等 防水结构， 如将呼吸器 12、 防水接头 13装配在灯体 3的上邻近 LED驱动电 源 10的位置， 使得整体防护等级不低于 IP65。 端盖 1与灯体 3之间连接处 设置有防水垫 2; 透光面板 8与端盖 1、 灯体 3之间的连接处使用密封胶密 封。
在整个灯具的材质部分， 所有棵露结构的材质均具备一定的耐腐蚀、 抗 老化性能。 灯体 3釆用优质的铝合金材料铝挤成型， 结构坚固、 抗震性佳， 散热效果好； 端盖 1釆用优质的铝合金压铸成型， 结构强度高， 安装方便， 实用性强； 透光面板 8釆用高强度布纹钢化玻璃， 有效抑制眩光， 结构强度 高， 抗劳损强， 透光面板 8内表面为条纹或布纹或磨砂结构， 以进一步降低 灯具眩光； 反射器 7釆用反射率较高的白色塑料注塑成型， 外表面和内表面 釆用不同的处理， 减少眩光和光污染， 提高光利用率； LED透镜 6釆用光学 性能优越的透明塑料精密成型， 如 PMMA (聚曱基丙烯酸曱酯）或 PC (聚 碳酸酯）塑料， 配光精准， 透光率高。
如图 2和 3所示， 为 LED光源 5、 与 LED光源 5搭配的 LED透镜 6以 及置于该 LED透镜 6之侧的反射器 7装配成一个 LED光源单元，将若干 LED 光源单元阵列式排布可以得到 LED光源组件。 LED光源 5的结构形状并不 限制。 LED透镜 6留有卡位， 反射器 7放置在所述卡位中， 或者也可以将反 射器 7与 LED透镜 6用螺丝一起固定在 LED基板 4上。
如图 4所示， 将多个 LED光源单元装配到同一 LED基板 4上， 从而得 到一个 LED光源组件。 LED光源 5安装在 LED基板 4上 , LED透镜 6和 LED反射器 7通过卡扣紧密装配在一起。 再将 LED透镜 6安装在 LED基板 4上并罩住 LED光源 5从而将 LED透镜 6、 LED反射器 7、 LED光源 5和 LED基板 4装配在一起。
以下详细讨论由 LED光源 5、 LED透镜 6和反射器 7构成的 LED光源 单元的实现。
首先， 对 LED透镜 6进行说明。 为了提供较佳的出射光路， 增加路面 的光能利用率和路面的纵向和横向光照均勾度， LED透镜 6具有一供光源入 射的内凹的入光面及一供该光线出射的出光面， 通过设计出光面和入光面的 不同轴向结构， 使通过所述两个面的光向指定的空间方向偏转。 大体上可以 由以下两种方案实现：
第一方案一该入光面包括至少两个二次曲面， 所述曲面并排排列， 所述 曲面的曲率沿所述曲面的排列方向单调变化； 该出光面为一自由曲面， 其具 有一分界线将该自由曲面分为大小两侧， 面积较大一侧曲面的曲率变化緩于 面积较小一侧曲面； 以此使光线经所述透镜向该入光面上曲率最小的曲面侧 及该出光面上曲率变化平緩的一侧曲面偏转；
其中， 所述透镜罩住光源时应尽量保证所述入光面的中心轴（即相当于 下面的实施例中 Z轴）穿过所述光源位置（即相当于下面的实施例中 0点）； 所述分界线， 为一平行于入光面上二次曲面的排列方向 （排列方向在下面的 实施例中即相当于 X轴方向， 当为多个二次曲面时， 其排列也为在 X轴方 向上排列沿伸）并包含入光面的中心轴的平面 （即 XOZ平面）在所述出光 面上的投影； 在透镜一体成型时可根据所期望的出射光线的偏折方向， 使出 光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势方向在水平面上的投影（即相当于下面的 实施例中 Y轴方向 ) 与入光面上二次曲面的排列方向存在一对应夹角。
第二方案一该出光面为一自由曲面， 其具有一分界线将该自由曲面分为 大小两侧， 面积较大一侧曲面的曲率变化緩于面积较小一侧曲面； 该入光面 包括至少一个形如所述出光面的自由曲面， 如为多个所述自由曲面， 所述自 势一致（即每个自由曲面在排列方向上都是同一方向侧的曲面的面积较大且 曲率变化平緩， 另一方向侧的曲面的面积较小且曲率变化急促） ； 以此使光 线经所述透镜向该入光面上各自由曲面的曲率变化平緩的一侧及该出光面 上曲率变化平緩的一侧曲面偏转；
其中， 所述透镜罩住光源时应尽量保证所述入光面的中心轴 (即相当于 下面的实施例中 Z轴）穿过所述光源位置（即相当于下面的实施例中 0点）； 所述分界线， 为一平行于入光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势方向 （当为多 个自由曲面时也就是曲面排列方向， 在下面的实施例中即相当于 X轴方向 ) 并包含入光面的中心轴的平面在所述出光面上的投影； 在透镜一体成型时可 根据所期望的出射光线的偏折方向， 使出光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势 方向在水平面上的投影（即相当于下面的实施例中 γ轴方向）与入光面上自 由曲面的曲率变化的趋势方向存在一对应夹角。
因为上述两种主要的实现方式原理相同， 因此以下仅以第一方案中内凹 入光面包括两个二次曲面为例进行描述， 其他实现方式， 如内凹入光面包含 多个二次曲面或至少一个自由曲面的结构， 就不再——赘述。 另外， 上述夹 角可根据光路偏转的需要进行设置， 在本方案的实施例中， 为了描述方便， 仅以 X轴与 Y轴呈 90度角进行描述， 但是本方案并不限于此。
以第一方案中内凹入光面包括两个二次曲面为例对 LED透镜 6进行说 明。
为方便后续描述， 此处引入一立体直角坐标系， 如图 5a和 5b所示， 其 中 X轴对应于 LED透镜 6的宽度方向 （即左右方向 ) , Y轴对应于 LED透 镜 6的长度方向（即前后方向 ) , Z轴对应于 LED透镜 6的高度方向（即上 下方向） ， 同时， Z轴也是 LED光源 5的光轴。 以 LED光源 5的光轴（Z 轴 )为基准， LED透镜 6罩设于 LED光源 5上且 LED透镜 6的内凹入光面 的中心轴与 LED光源 5的光轴重合， 即使得 LED透镜 6的内凹入光面的中 心轴也为 Z轴。可以改变除透镜入光面与出光面以外的***结构以便固定反 射器。
图 6为本发明的 LED透镜 6的侧面示意图， 参照图 6c, 其中 la为出光 面， 但该出光面 la并不像传统的透镜出光面一样是一整块球形曲面， 也不 是由多块曲面平滑连接而成， 此曲面是由多个离散点拟合为曲线（一般称为 母线）再转换成曲面的， 实际上它是自由曲面。 参照图 6a、 6b和 6c, 该出 光面 la关于 Y轴对称。 以原点为中心， 选取 X轴和 Z轴构成的平面与出光 面 la的相交线为分界线，该出光面被所述分界线分成大小两部分， Y轴的正 方向曲面面积较大且曲率变化较为緩慢， Y轴负方向的曲面面积较小且曲率 变化较快， 这样做的目的是让光线尽量偏向 Y轴的正半轴， 即射向行车方向 (参见图 10a ) 。 但是， 本领域技术人员应该可以理解， 该出光面被所述分 界线分成面积相等的两部分， 也可以实现本发明， 让光线尽量偏向 Y轴的正 半轴， 本发明并不限于此。
如图 6a、 6b和 6c所示， Y方向的截面， 任一角度的光线入射到 LED透 镜 6的入光面后， 进入 LED透镜 6的光线的角度小于入射光线， 即此入光 面对光线起到朝 Y轴的正方向侧略微发散的作用。
对于出光面， 光线行进至出光面时由于光线是由介质传向空气， 因而出 射角大于入射角 （此入射角为入光面的出射角） ， 位于中心轴左侧 （Y轴正 方向侧）的曲率变化緩慢的曲面的面积较大， 所以可以完全保证绝大部分光 线都是经过曲率变化緩慢的曲面折射向 Y轴的正方向侧偏转， 并略微发散。
注意， 要保证内凹入光面的中心轴（点划线）与发光二极管的光轴（点 划线） 重合。
图 6中入光面是由两个曲率大小不同的二次曲面 2a、 2b沿 X轴的方向 平滑连接而成， 参照图 6d和 6e, 该入光面关于 X轴对称， 处于 X轴正方向 的曲面 2b曲率小于处于 X轴负方向的曲面 2a, 这样做的目的是让光线尽量 偏向 X轴的负半轴， 即光线向下偏， 射向路面 （参见图 10b ) 。
光线由空气传向介质时， 其出射角小于入射角。 如图 7a所示， 在 X方 向的入光面 61的截面上，当 LED光源发出的任一角度的光线入射到 LED透 镜 6的入光面 61时。 入光面 61 (入光面为二次曲面）上曲率较小的曲面位 于 X轴正方向侧， 其上任意一点的法线方向指向左上方 （X轴正方向侧） ， 光线经过此曲面将向 X轴的负方向侧发生偏折；而二次曲面上绝大部分的曲 面即为此曲率较小的曲面 611 (如图 7a中圈出的部分）， 从而使绝大部分光 线向 X轴的负方向侧偏折。
光线由介质传向空气时， 出射角大于入射角 （此入射角为入光面的出射 角）。 如图 7a所示， 在出光面 62沿 X方向的截面上， 此时中心轴（即图 7a 中点划线）左侧的绝大部分出射光线更多向 X轴负方向侧偏转， 中心轴右侧 的绝大部分出射光线更多向 X轴正方向侧偏转， 总体上， 中心轴右侧的出射 光线较中心轴左侧的出射光线偏转更多； 整体来说， 出光面 62对经过 LED 透镜 6的出射光线起到向中心轴微微聚拢的效果。 如图 7b所示， 在出光面 62沿 Y方向的截面上， 位于中心轴（即图 7b中点划线）左侧 （ Y轴正方向 侧）的曲率变化緩慢的曲面的面积较大， 所以绝大部分光线都是经过曲率变 化緩慢的曲面折射向 Y轴的正方向侧偏转， 并略 发散。
由于本灯具适用于 1.5米以下的低位安装高度， 因而 LED透镜 6的设计 应根据需求使出射光线的偏转角度不应过大， 否则可能无法照射到整个路 面。 基于以上特点， 所述 LED透镜 6通过折射、 全反射的方式对由 LED光 源 5发出的光线进行整合， 重新分配出射光线的光路。 使绝大部分光线沿行 车方向出射（参见图 10a ) , 同时， 在垂直道路平面内上光线须向路面侧偏 转， 以利于将更多的光投射到路面 （参见图 10b ) 。
根据实际需要可以将 LED透镜 6旋转适当的角度， 一般使每个 LED光 源单元的 LED透镜 6的 Y轴方向与整个 LED光源组件的 LED光源单元的 排列方向有一 5〜10度的夹角。 如图 8所示， 此夹角根据灯具的安装距离来 调节。 LED透镜 6和 LED反射器 7配合使用来提供较佳的出射光路， 增加 路面的光能利用率和路面的纵向和横向光照均匀度。
下面， 对反射器 7进行说明。 如图 9a和 9b所示， 所述反射器 7安装在 LED透镜 6上且位于 LED透镜 6出光面的 Y轴负方向侧的曲面一侧 , 反射 器 7的卡位与 LED透镜 6的卡槽紧密配合方便产品组装。
为了减少眩光和光污染，反射器 7的内表面（即朝向 LED光源 5和 LED 透镜 6的反射器 7的反射面）为二次曲面或自由曲面， 可电镀高反射率材料 以获得镜面反射效果或漫反射效果， 若使用反射率较高的白色塑料则其内表 面可不作处理。 其作用是将 Y轴负方向（透镜出光面较小曲面）的光线反射 至 Y轴正方向， 此部分光线将沿行车方向出射， 不仅减少了眩光还极大地提 高了光能的利用效率。
针对图 8的多个 LED光源单元的排列方式，反射器 7的外表面（即远离 LED光源 5和 LED透镜 6的反射器 7的背面）可能会对排列在其后面的 LED 光源单元出射的光线造成反射， 从而造成眩光等不利因素。 为了减少或弱化 此种不利因素， 所述反射器 7的外表面必须做蚀纹或磨砂等处理以打散来自 后一 LED 光源单元照射到该外表面的光线， 但是该外表面并无固定外形。 当然， 如果灯具的 LED光源单元的间距足够大也可不做蚀纹或磨砂等处理。
另外， 参见图 10a, 沿道路方向的俯视图， LED灯具出射的光线尽量沿 着行车方向照射， 图 10a中箭头指向即为行车方向， 照射的距离接近两灯的 间距； 且重要的是可避免光线反向射出， 以防照射到驾驶员的眼睛， 产生眩 光等不利因素； 另外， 参见图 10b, 在垂直道路方向， 灯具出射的光线可以 尽可能多的照向路面， 此方向照射的距离接近道路的宽度。 所述 LED 灯具 在一般情况下成对使用， 即分为安装在道路左侧和右侧。 相对安装的两种 LED灯具除 LED光源组件的透镜的入光面不同外 （入光面的形状相对） ， 其余部分均相同， 装配与固定方式也相同。 为了方便装配， 还可以对 LED 透镜 6本体进行修改， 该结构只需将 LED透镜 6卡在 LED基板 4上， 操作 方便， 大大提高组装效率。
上述说明示出并描述了本发明的若干优选实施例， 但如前所述， 应当理 解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式， 不应看作是对其他实施例的排除， 而可用于各种其他组合、 修改和环境， 并能够在本文所述发明构想范围内， 通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。 而本领域人员所进行的改 动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围， 则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护 范围内。
工业实用性
通过上述的构造， 本发明解决了在匝道、 高架桥路、 通用桥梁、 立交、 辅路、 临时停靠路等应用场所不适宜安装常规杆式道路灯具的问题， 针对这 些特殊的应用环境专门的进行造型设计、 结构设计、 配光设计； 针对这些特 殊的应用环境专门的设计多样化的安装方式，如嵌入式安装、吸挂式安装等； 针对不同的安装方式进行良好散热设计； 可将光线定向发射并聚拢， 极大地 提高光能的利用效率， 在实际应用中沿道路方向， 灯具出射的光线应尽量沿 着行车方向照射， 照射的距离接近两灯的间距； 且重要的是可避免光线反向 射出， 以防照射到驾驶员的眼睛， 产生眩光等不利因素； 另外， 在垂直道路 方向， 灯具出射的光线可以尽可能多的照向路面， 此方向照射的距离接近道 路的宽度， 提供了较佳的出射光路， 增加路面的光能利用率和路面的纵向和 横向光照均匀度； 本技术方案具有合理的结构设计， 高强度灯体结构， 优良 的散热效果， 多样化的安装方式， 精准的配光设计， 高效的透光利用率， 确 保灯具能在严峻特殊的室外环境下工作， 具有更优秀的光学应用性能。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种应用于低位照明的 LED光源组件， 其特征在于，
包括： 多个安装于同一 LED基板上的阵列式排布的 LED光源单元； 其 中，
所述 LED光源单元， 包括： 光源和罩设在所述光源上的透镜， 所述透镜 具有一供光源的光线入射的内凹的入光面及一供该光线出射的出光面， 该出 光面为一自由曲面， 其具有一分界线将该自由曲面分为两侧， 一侧曲面的曲 率变化緩于另一侧曲面， 以此使光线经所述透镜向该出光面上曲率变化平緩 的一侧曲面偏转。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的 LED光源组件， 其特征在于，
所述曲率变化平緩的一侧曲面的面积大于等于另一侧曲面。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的 LED光源组件， 其特征在于，
该入光面包括至少两个二次曲面， 所述曲面并排排列， 所述曲面的曲率 沿所述曲面的排列方向单调变化， 以此使光线经所述透镜向该入光面上曲率 最小的曲面侧偏转； 其中， 该入光面的中心轴穿过该光源位置； 所述分界线 为一平行于该入光面上二次曲面的排列方向并且包含所述中心轴的平面在该 出光面上的投影； 该出光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势方向在水平面上的 投影与该入光面上二次曲面的排列方向存在一夹角。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的 LED光源组件， 其特征在于，
该入光面包括至少一个形如所述出光面的自由曲面， 当包括多个所述自 由曲面时， 所述自由曲面并排排列， 沿所述自由曲面的排列方向各个自由曲 面的曲率变化的趋势一致， 以此使光线经所述透镜向该入光面上各自由曲面 的曲率变化平緩的一侧偏转； 其中， 该入光面的中心轴穿过该光源位置； 所 述分界线为一平行于该入光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势方向并且包含所 述中心轴的平面在该出光面上的投影； 该出光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋 势方向在水平面上的投影与该入光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势方向存在 一夹角。
5. 如权利要求 3或 4所述的 LED光源组件， 其特征在于， 所述透镜罩设于所述光源上使所述入光面的中心轴与所述光源的光轴重 合， 并所述夹角为 90度。
6. 如权利要求 3或 4所述的 LED光源组件， 其特征在于，
还包括： 反射器， 置于所述透镜的出光面上曲率变化大的曲面一侧， 将 该曲面出射的光线反射至另一侧； 所述透镜留有卡位， 所述反射器放置在所 述卡位中；或者所述反射器与透镜一起固定在发光组件的铝基板或散热器上。
7. 如权利要求 3或 4所述的 LED光源组件， 其特征在于，
所述反射器的反射面为二次曲面或自由曲面， 电镀高反射率材料以获得 镜面反射效果或漫反射效果； 所述反射器的外表面作蚀紋或磨砂处理以打散 其他发光组件照射到该外表面的光线。
8. 如权利要求 3或 4所述的 LED光源组件， 其特征在于，
所述 LED光源组件上的多个 LED光源单元呈直线排列； 所述透镜旋转， 使 LED光源单元的透镜的出光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势方向与所述直 线排列方向具有一夹角。
9. 一种应用于低位照明的 LED灯具，其特征在于， 包括： 至少一个 LED 光源组件； 所述 LED光源组件， 还包括： 多个安装于同一 LED基板上的阵 列式排布的 LED光源单元； 所述 LED光源单元， 进一步包括： 光源和罩设 在所述光源上的透镜， 所述透镜具有一供光源的光线入射的内凹的入光面及 一供该光线出射的出光面， 该出光面为一自由曲面， 其具有一分界线将该自 由曲面分为两侧， 一侧曲面的曲率变化緩于另一侧曲面， 以此使光线经所述 透镜向该出光面上曲率变化平緩的一侧曲面偏转。
10. 如权利要求 9所述的 LED灯具， 其特征在于，
所述曲率变化平緩的一侧曲面的面积大于等于另一侧曲面。
11. 如权利要求 9所述的 LED灯具， 其特征在于，
该入光面包括至少两个二次曲面， 所述曲面并排排列， 所述曲面的曲率 沿所述曲面的排列方向单调变化， 以此使光线经所述透镜向该入光面上曲率 最小的曲面侧偏转； 其中， 该入光面的中心轴穿过该光源位置； 所述分界线 为一平行于该入光面上二次曲面的排列方向并且包含所述中心轴的平面在该 出光面上的投影； 该出光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势方向在水平面上的 投影与该入光面上二次曲面的排列方向存在一夹角。
12. 如权利要求 9所述的 LED灯具， 其特征在于，
该入光面包括至少一个形如所述出光面的自由曲面， 如为多个所述自由 曲面， 所述自由曲面并排排列， 沿所述自由曲面的排列方向各个自由曲面的 曲率变化的趋势一致， 以此使光线经所述透镜向该入光面上各自由曲面的曲 率变化平緩的一侧偏转； 其中， 该入光面的中心轴穿过该光源位置； 所述分 界线为一平行于该入光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势方向并且包含所述中 心轴的平面在该出光面上的投影； 该出光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势方 向在水平面上的投影与该入光面上自由曲面的曲率变化的趋势方向存在一夹 角。
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