WO2012075691A1 - 富硒蔬菜苗、其培育方法及生产的富有机硒蔬菜 - Google Patents

富硒蔬菜苗、其培育方法及生产的富有机硒蔬菜 Download PDF

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WO2012075691A1
WO2012075691A1 PCT/CN2011/070116 CN2011070116W WO2012075691A1 WO 2012075691 A1 WO2012075691 A1 WO 2012075691A1 CN 2011070116 W CN2011070116 W CN 2011070116W WO 2012075691 A1 WO2012075691 A1 WO 2012075691A1
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selenium
vegetable
seedling
rich
content
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PCT/CN2011/070116
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李飞
李伟
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苏州硒谷科技有限公司
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/15Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach 

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vegetable seedling for producing an organic selenium-rich vegetable, and a method for cultivating the vegetable seedling. It belongs to the field of agricultural fertilization and agronomic technology. Background technique
  • Vegetables are one of the essential foods in people's daily diet, and vegetables provide the vitamins and minerals necessary for the body. Especially in the diet structure of the country, vegetables account for a large proportion. Most of the cultivation of common vegetables can be achieved by transplanting the seedlings.
  • Selenium the elemental symbol Se, is a human essential trace element and is the active center of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). It has anti-cancer, anti-aging (anti-oxidation) and enhances human immunity and antagonizes biological characteristics such as heavy metals.
  • Selenium in the food chain is mainly derived from the soil. The uneven distribution of selenium in the soils of different regions is based on the implementation of local selenium-enriched soil clues and the implementation of targeted selenium-enriched work. Optimizing the selenium content in the food chain is an important direction of agricultural production research.
  • the Chinese Nutrition Society recommends per capita daily selenium intake of 50-200 micrograms. However, the daily selenium intake of adults in China is only 26-32 micrograms, and the situation of selenium malnutrition is widespread in China. According to information published by the WHO, more than 40 countries around the world are classified as low-selenium or selenium-deficient. Therefore, the development of selenium-enriched agricultural products and the increase in selenium intake through daily diet are of great significance for improving the health of selenium-deficient and selenium-deficient residents.
  • Selenium in agricultural products is divided into two categories: inorganic selenium and organic selenium.
  • the former includes selenate and selenite.
  • Inorganic selenium has poor absorption effect on humans and animals, and has high toxicity risk. It is easy to cause selenium poisoning when used improperly.
  • the latter mainly includes seleno amino acids, selenoproteins, selenium polysaccharides, etc. It has good absorption effect on humans and animals, and is less toxic, and is more suitable for selenium supplementation.
  • Selenium-enriched agricultural products are an effective way for human body to supplement selenium. Therefore, selenium-enriched technology is a hotspot for scientists to research and develop and put into practical production. The important position of vegetables in the dietary structure of residents determines that the level of selenium content has a great impact on the nutritional status of selenium in the whole population. At present, there are mainly the following methods for producing selenium-enriched vegetables in China:
  • inorganic selenium has a large residual and a high risk of eating. Because the human body must first combine with the organic ligands in the intestine before being absorbed by the body, it can be absorbed and utilized by the body. However, there are many elements in the intestine that compete with selenium for limited ligands, which is not conducive to human body absorption and utilization, and inorganic selenium has to the body. Significant toxic effects.
  • the second is to grow vegetables with strong enrichment ability in natural selenium-enriched areas.
  • This method can produce vegetables with higher selenium content than ordinary vegetables.
  • due to the regional differences in soil selenium content in selenium-enriched areas it is impossible to quantitatively control the selenium content in vegetables, which may exceed the national limit.
  • This method has geographical limitations and instability, which is not conducive to large-scale standardized production.
  • the third is to apply selenium-enriched fertilizer in vegetable field soil, such as Chinese patent CN101734971A.
  • This method can ensure that vegetables meet the selenium-enriched standard and increase the organic selenium content of vegetables.
  • the crops are grown in the middle of the field, there is no guarantee that the nutrients will be fully absorbed by the vegetables.
  • Most of the selenium in the nutrient solution is left in the soil. As rainwater or irrigation water is lost, the burden of selenium in the soil and water environment is increased, and selenium pollution is easily caused by long-term use.
  • the related well-known techniques are not related to selenium-enriched vegetable seedlings, vegetables rich in organic selenium, and production methods for specifically cultivating organic selenium-rich vegetables.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a machine-rich selenium vegetable, which solves the problems of the prior art lacking vegetables rich in organic selenium and the production method of specifically cultivating organic selenium-rich vegetables.
  • a selenium-enriched vegetable seedling for producing machine-rich selenium vegetables characterized in that the total amount of selenium in the selenium-enriched vegetable seedlings is 18-1620 g/plant.
  • the selenium-rich vegetable seedlings have a total selenium content of 90-810 g/plant when transplanted.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating selenium-enriched vegetable seedlings, which comprises the steps of: adding a nano-selenium plant nutrient in a nursery soil or a nursery field in a vegetable seedling stage, and cultivating a selenium-enriched method according to the vegetable seedling raising method Steps of vegetable seedlings.
  • the vegetable seeds are first broadcasted into the nursery field according to the conventional seedling raising step; then the nano-selenium plant nutrient of 0.1 ⁇ 6k g / acre of field is uniformly sprinkled on the field, and the water is sprayed to make the nano-selenium Plant nutrients are in full contact with the soil; finally, according to the routine operation of vegetable seedlings, cultivation Selenium-rich vegetable seedlings.
  • the amount of the nano-selenium plant nutrient in the method is 0.5 to 3.0 kg per acre of field.
  • the seedling soil and the nano selenium plant nutrient are mixed sufficiently according to a weight ratio of 10000: (1 to 50), and then the nanoselenium plant nutrient is mixed.
  • the seedling soil is placed in the seedling tray, and then the selenium-rich vegetable seedlings are cultivated according to the conventional vegetable seedling raising method.
  • the seedling soil the total ratio of the nano-selenium plant nutrient is 10000: (5 ⁇ 20).
  • each hole or nutrient cup in the seedling tray in the method is 150 ⁇ 30 ml.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an organic selenium-rich vegetable characterized in that the selenium-rich vegetable has a selenium content of 10 to 300 g/kg, wherein the organic selenium content is 80%.
  • the selenium-enriched vegetable has a selenium content of 10 to 300 g/k g , wherein the organic selenium content is 85%.
  • the selenium-rich vegetables have a total selenium content of 10 to 20 ( ⁇ g/k g , and the organic selenium accounts for 85% of the total selenium.
  • the selenium-rich vegetables have a total selenium content of 10 to 20 ( ⁇ g/k g , and the organic selenium accounts for 90% of the total selenium ratio.
  • the technical solution of the present invention provides a vegetable seedling for producing machine-rich selenium vegetables, and a method for cultivating the vegetable seedling.
  • the method also greatly improves the utilization rate of the nutrient solution of the nano-selenium plant, avoids the pollution of the selenium which is lost in the long-term production, and has good controllability for the selenium content of the vegetable. It is a safe and reliable method for the production of machine-rich selenium vegetables.
  • the vegetable seedlings for producing machine-rich selenium vegetables provided by the invention have a total selenium content of 18-1620 g /plant when transplanted.
  • the vegetable seedlings for producing machine-rich selenium vegetables provided by the invention have a total selenium content of 90-810 g/plant when transplanted.
  • the invention provides a vegetable seedling cultivation method for producing machine-rich selenium vegetables, which is produced by adding a selenium plant nutrient to a seedling soil or a nursery field in a vegetable seedling stage (Suzhou Selenium Valley Technology Co., Ltd. Model XGP001A), using soil transplanting, bring the selenium matrix contained in the roots of vegetable seedlings into the field, and finally harvest the machine-rich selenium vegetables.
  • the vegetable selenium content produced by the vegetable seedling is 10 ⁇ 300 g/kg, wherein the organic selenium content is 80%.
  • the method for cultivating machine-rich selenium vegetable seedlings by using the above-mentioned nano selenium plant nutrient according to the present invention Different ways of seedling, nano-selenium plant nutrients are applied in different ways.
  • the seedling cultivation method is carried out for the cultivation of machine-rich selenium vegetable seedlings, the seedlings are planted into the seedlings according to the conventional seedling raising step, and the seedling volume per acre of field is used as the basic unit area, according to the nano-selenium plant per unit area.
  • the dosage of the nutrient agent is 0.1 ⁇ 6k g , and the weight of the nano-selenium plant nutrient is weighed.
  • the so-called nano-selenium plant nutrient evenly on the field, spray the water with a kettle or a sprayer to make the nano-selenium plant nutrient fully contact with the soil. After that, it was routinely operated according to vegetable seedlings until the vegetable seedlings for producing machine-rich selenium vegetables were finally cultivated.
  • the soil of each vegetable seedling is 150 ⁇ 30 g .
  • the vegetable seedlings are transplanted to the field, and a series of conventional tillage management is carried out, and the machine-rich selenium vegetables are finally harvested.
  • the amount of nano-selenium plant nutrient per unit area is 0.5 to 3.0 k g .
  • the seedling soil mixed with the nano-selenium plant nutrient is placed in the seedling tray.
  • the size of each hole or nutrient cup in the seedling tray is 150 ⁇ 30 ml.
  • the nursery soil the total ratio of the nano-selenium plant nutrient is 10000: 5-20.
  • vegetables having a selenium content of 10 to 300 g/kg can be produced, the selenium content is 2 to 100 times higher than that of ordinary vegetables, and the organic selenium accounts for 80%, reaching the standard of machine-rich selenium vegetables. .
  • the present invention abandons the conventional foliar spraying technique and adopts a safer root absorption, and the selenium in the selenium-enriched vegetable produced by the present invention does not exist in an inorganic residual state. Moreover, the nano-selenium plant nutrient technology is adopted to greatly increase the conversion rate of inorganic selenium to organic selenium. Compared with inorganic selenium, organic form of selenium is safer, has no toxic side effects, and is more easily absorbed and utilized by the human body.
  • the vegetable seedling provided by the invention has the process of producing machine-rich selenium vegetables, and the operation is simple, and the labor intensity and labor cost of the farmer are reduced. Using this method, it is guaranteed to provide a quantitative and sufficient source of selenium for vegetables from the start of germination and seedling of vegetables to the harvest period. From the beginning of seedlings, the roots absorb and accumulate selenium from the soil. During the growth and development process, they are continuously converted into organic selenium through photosynthesis. The accumulation and conversion cycle of selenium is longer, the content is more stable, and the proportion of organic selenium is higher. More than 80%. finally Enriched selenium vegetables with high quality traits at harvest.
  • the invention can ensure that the nano-selenium plant nutrient is always located in the rhizosphere soil of the vegetable, and greatly improves the absorption and utilization rate of the nano-selenium plant nutrient. It not only reduces the input cost, but also has a small amount of selenium remaining in the soil and water, and has little effect on selenium in the environment. It is an efficient, environmentally friendly and safe method for producing machine-rich selenium vegetables.
  • Example 1 Example of organic selenium-rich vegetable cultivation
  • Example 2 Example of organic selenium-rich vegetable cultivation
  • Agent quality 0 0.1 0.5 1.0 3.0 6.0
  • a vegetable base In a vegetable base, according to the cultivation steps of the machine-rich selenium vegetable seedlings in the field nursery mode, 6 groups of 1 mu of field-use pepper seedlings are cultivated, and different amounts of nano-selenium plant nutrient are applied respectively to cultivate the machine-rich selenium pepper seedlings, and After planting in the field, harvest the machine-rich selenium pepper. It is sampled and sampled from the machine-rich selenium pepper. The quality of the nano-selenium plant nutrient applied to each group, as well as the total selenium content and the proportion of organic selenium in the pepper after harvest, are shown in the following table:
  • Agent quality 0 0.1 0.5 1.0 3.0 6.0
  • a vegetable base In a vegetable base, according to the cultivation steps of the machine-rich selenium vegetable seedlings in the nutrition cup seedling mode, 6 groups of 1 mu field tomato seedlings were cultivated, and the mixed medium of different quality ratios of the seedling soil and the nano selenium plant nutrient was used to cultivate the rich. Selenium tomato seedlings were transplanted and transplanted to the field to harvest machine-rich selenium tomatoes. And randomly sampled and sent from the machine-rich selenium tomato.
  • a vegetable base In a vegetable base, according to the cultivation steps of the machine-rich selenium vegetable seedlings in the nutrition cup seedling mode, 6 groups of 1 mu of field-use pepper seedlings were cultivated, and the mixed medium of the different quality ratio of the seedling soil and the nano-selenium plant nutrient was used to cultivate the rich. Selenium pepper seedlings were transplanted and transplanted to the field to harvest machine-rich selenium peppers. And randomly sampled and sent from the machine-rich selenium pepper.

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Description

富硒蔬菜苗、 其培育方法及生产的富有机硒蔬菜
技术领域
本发明涉及用于生产富有机硒蔬菜的蔬菜幼苗, 以及该蔬菜幼苗的培育 方法。 属于农业施肥和农艺技术领域。 背景技术
蔬菜是人们日常饮食中必不可少的食物之一,蔬菜可提供人体所必需的 多种维生素和矿物质。 尤其在中说国的饮食结构中, 蔬菜占很大比重。 常见蔬 菜的种植大多可通过苗的移栽来实现。
硒, 元素符号 Se, 是一种人体必需书微量元素, 是谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-Px)的活性中心。 具有抗癌、 抗衰老 (抗氧化) 和提高人体免疫力、 拮 抗重金属等生物学特性。 食物链中的硒主要来源于土壤。 不同地区土壤中硒 含量分布不均勾的, 依据局部贫硒土壤线索实施和开展针对性的富硒工作, 优化食物链中的硒含量水平是农业生产研究的一个重要方向。我国有 72 %的 县 (市) 低硒或缺硒, 黑龙江、 内蒙古、 甘肃、 青海、 四川等严重缺硒地区 有克山病、 大骨节病发生, 一些癌症高发区 (如江苏启东市) 也属低硒区。
中国营养学会推荐人均每日硒摄入量为 50-200 微克。 但现在我国成人 的日硒摄入量仅有 26-32 微克, 硒营养不良的情况在我国普遍存在。 WHO 公布的资料表明, 全球有 40 多个国家属于低硒或缺硒地区。 因此, 开发富 硒农产品, 通过日常饮食提高硒摄入量, 对于提高缺硒地区、 缺硒居民群体 的健康水平具有重要的意义。
农产品中的硒分为无机硒和有机硒两大类: 前者包括硒酸盐、 ***盐 等, 无机硒对于人和动物来说吸收效果差, 毒性风险大, 使用不当极易造成 硒中毒; 后者主要包括硒代氨基酸、 硒代蛋白、 硒多糖等形态, 对人和动物 来说吸收效果好, 毒性小, 更适合补硒的要求。 富硒农产品是人体补充硒元 素有效途径, 因此, 富硒技术是科学家们研究开发并付诸实际生产的热点领 域。 蔬菜在居民饮食结构中的重要地位, 决定了其硒含量水平对全民硒营养 状况有很大的影响。 目前国内富硒蔬菜生产方式主要有以下几种:
一种是在蔬菜生长晚期期喷施无机硒溶液,使蔬菜快速吸收无机硒从而 达到富硒水平。 如中国专利 CN101182246A。 该方法中富硒营养剂技术含量 低, 实施方式较为复杂, 需重复喷施, 而且最终蔬菜中无机硒残留量很大。 又如 中 国发明专利 " 一种富硒芽苗菜的培植方法 " ( 申请号 : 200710150121.4 ) , 无机硒喷施需 3〜4天, 整体培育过程只有 6〜 7天, 生 物转化时间很短。 此种方法无机硒的残留较多, 食用风险大。 由于人体对无 机硒吸收前必须先与肠道中的有机配体结合才能被机体吸收利用, 而肠道中 存在着多种元素与硒竞争有限配体, 不利于人体吸收利用, 而且无机硒对机 体有明显的毒害作用。
二是在天然富硒地区种植富集能力较强的蔬菜,此方法可生产出比普通 蔬菜硒含量更高的蔬菜。 但由于富硒地区土壤硒含量存在地域差异, 无法对 蔬菜中硒含量进行定量控制, 有可能超过国家限量标准。 此方法存在地域局 限和不稳定性, 不利于大规模的标准化生产。
三是在蔬菜大田土壤追施富硒肥料, 如中国专利 CN101734971A。 此方 法可以保证蔬菜达到富硒标准, 提高蔬菜有机硒含量。 但因为采用作物生长 中期大田根施, 不能保证其营养剂被蔬菜充分吸收。 营养剂中大部分的硒会 遗留在土壤中, 随着雨水或灌溉水流失, 进而增加土壤和水体环境中硒的负 担, 长期使用易导致硒污染。但是, 相关的公知技术均设未涉及富硒蔬菜苗、 富含有机硒的蔬菜, 以及具体培育富有机硒蔬菜的生产方法。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种富有机硒蔬菜,解决了现有技术中缺少富含有 机硒的蔬菜以及具体培育富有机硒蔬菜的生产方法等问题。
为了解决现有技术中的这些问题, 本发明提供的技术方案是:
一种用于生产富有机硒蔬菜的富硒蔬菜苗,其特征在于所述富硒蔬菜苗 移栽时总带硒量为 18~1620 g/株。
优选的, 所述富硒蔬菜苗移栽时总带硒量为 90~810 g/株。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种富硒蔬菜苗的培育方法,其特征在于所 述方法包括在蔬菜育苗阶段, 在育苗土或育苗田中加入纳米硒植物营养剂按 照蔬菜育苗方法培育出富硒蔬菜苗的步骤。
优选的, 通过田畦育苗时, 先按常规育苗步骤将蔬菜种子播入育苗田; 然后将用量 0.1〜6kg/每亩大田的纳米硒植物营养剂均匀撒于秧田上, 喷洒 水使纳米硒植物营养剂与田土充分接触; 最后按照蔬菜育苗常规操作, 培育 出富硒蔬菜苗。
优选的, 所述方法中纳米硒植物营养剂的用量为 0.5~3.0 kg/每亩大田。 优选的, 通过育苗盘或营养杯蔬菜育苗时, 先将育苗土和纳米硒植物营 养剂按照重量比为 10000: ( 1〜50 ) 的比例充分混合均匀后, 将混合有纳米 硒植物营养剂的育苗土装入育苗盘, 然后按照常规蔬菜育苗方式, 培育出富 硒蔬菜苗。
优选的, 所述方法中育苗土 : 纳米硒植物营养剂总量比为 10000 : ( 5~20 )。
优选的, 所述方法中育苗盘中每穴或营养杯的规格为容积 150 ± 30ml。 本发明的又一目的在于提供一种富有机硒蔬菜,其特征在于所述富有机 硒蔬菜的硒含量为 10〜300 g/kg, 其中有机硒含量 80%。
优选的, 所述富有机硒蔬菜的硒含量为 10〜300 g/kg, 其中有机硒含量 85%。
优选的, 所述富有机硒蔬菜的含硒总量为 10〜20(^g/kg, 且有机硒占总 硒比例 85%。
优选的, 所述富有机硒蔬菜的含硒总量为 10〜20(^g/kg, 且有机硒占总 硒比例 90%。
本发明技术方案提供一种用于生产富有机硒蔬菜的蔬菜苗, 以及该蔬菜 苗的培育方法。 该方法还大幅提高了纳米硒植物营养剂利用率, 避免长期生 产流失的硒对环境产生污染, 对蔬菜硒含量有很好的可控性。 是一种安全可 靠的富有机硒蔬菜的生产方法。
本发明提供的用于生产富有机硒蔬菜的蔬菜苗, 移栽时总带硒量为 18~1620 g/株。 作为优选, 本发明提供的用于生产富有机硒蔬菜的蔬菜苗, 移栽时总带硒量为 90~810 g/株。
本发明提供一种用于生产富有机硒蔬菜的蔬菜苗培育方法,所述蔬菜苗 是通过在蔬菜育苗阶段, 在育苗土或育苗田中加入纳米硒植物营养剂 (苏州 硒谷科技有限公司生产, 型号为 XGP001A ) , 利用带土移栽, 将蔬菜苗根部 所带含硒基质带入大田, 最终收获富有机硒蔬菜。 用此蔬菜苗生产的蔬菜硒 含量为 10〜300 g/kg , 其中有机硒含量 80%。
本发明所述用上述纳米硒植物营养剂培育富有机硒蔬菜苗的方法,根据 不同的育苗方式, 纳米硒植物营养剂施加的方式也不同。 当田畦育苗方式进 行富有机硒蔬菜苗的培育时, 先按常规育苗步骤至将蔬菜种子播入苗田, 以 每亩大田移栽用苗量为基本单位面积, 按照每个单位面积纳米硒植物营养剂 用量 0.1〜6kg, 称取需要重量的纳米硒植物营养剂。 将称好的纳米硒植物营 养剂均匀撒于秧田上, 用水壶或喷雾器喷洒一遍清水, 使纳米硒植物营养剂 与田土充分接触。 之后按照蔬菜育苗常规操作, 直到最后培育出用于生产富 有机硒蔬菜的蔬菜苗。起苗时每株蔬菜苗带土量为 150 ± 30g, 再按照常规农 艺措施, 将蔬菜苗移栽到大田, 通过一系列常规耕作管理, 最后收获富有机 硒蔬菜。 作为优选, 单位面积纳米硒植物营养剂使用量为 0.5~3.0 kg
当采用育苗盘或营养杯蔬菜育苗方式进行富有机硒蔬菜苗培育时,先在 育苗土和纳米硒植物营养剂按照重量比 =10000: 1〜50 的比例充分混合均 勾。 将混合有纳米硒植物营养剂的育苗土装入育苗盘。 育苗盘中每穴或营养 杯的规格为容积 150 ± 30ml。 之后按照常规蔬菜育苗方式, 播种、 覆土、 浇 水等, 培育出用于生产富有机硒蔬菜的蔬菜苗。 起苗时要保证育苗杯中的土 壤全部附带在蔬菜苗根部, 之后将蔬菜苗按照常规方法移栽至大田, 最终收 获富有机硒蔬菜。 作为优选, 育苗土 : 纳米硒植物营养剂总量比为 10000: 5~20。
相对于现有技术中的方案, 本发明的优点是:
种植本发明的培育出的蔬菜苗, 可生产出硒含量至 10〜300 g/kg的蔬 菜, 硒含量较普通蔬菜提高 2〜100 倍, 有机硒占比 80%, 达到富有机硒 蔬菜的标准。
本发明摒弃了传统的叶面喷施技术, 采用更加安全的根部吸收, 相比之 下本发明生产的富有机硒蔬菜中的硒不会以无机残留态存在。并且采用纳米 硒植物营养剂技术, 使无机硒向有机硒转化率大幅度提高。 相对于无机硒, 有机形态的硒安全性更高, 无毒副作用, 更易于人体吸收和利用。
本发明提供的蔬菜苗生产富有机硒蔬菜的过程, 操作简便, 降低了农民 的劳动强度和用工成本。 使用本方法, 能保证从蔬菜发芽育苗开始, 一直到 收获期, 为蔬菜提供定量并充足的硒源。 使蔬菜从幼苗开始就由根部从土壤 中吸收并积累硒, 在生长发育过程中不断通过光合作用转化为有机硒, 硒的 积累和转化周期更长, 含量更稳定, 有机硒比例更高, 达到 80%以上。 最终 收获时得到高质量性状稳定的富有机硒蔬菜。
本发明与移栽后追施硒营养剂相比,能保证纳米硒植物营养剂始终位于 蔬菜根际土壤中, 大幅度提高纳米硒植物营养剂的吸收利用率。 不仅降低了 投入成本, 而且残留在土壤和水体中硒的量很小, 对环境中硒的几乎没有影 响, 是一种高效、 环保、 安全的生产富有机硒蔬菜方法。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对上述方案做进一步说明。 应理解, 这些实施例是 用于说明本发明而不限于限制本发明的范围。实施例中采用的实施条件可以 根据具体厂家的条件做进一步调整, 未注明的实施条件通常为常规实验中的 条件。
实施例 1 富有机硒蔬菜培育实例
在某蔬菜基地, 按照田畦育苗方式下富有机硒蔬菜苗培育步骤, 培育 6 组 1亩大田用白菜苗, 分别施加不同量的纳米硒植物营养剂, 培育出富有机 硒白菜苗, 并移栽至大田种植后收获富有机硒白菜。 并从富有机硒白菜中随 机取样送检。 其中各组施加纳米硒植物营养剂的质量, 以及收获后白菜中总 硒含量和有机硒比例, 如下表所示:
田畦白菜 田畦白菜 田畦白菜 田畦白菜 田畦白菜 田畦白菜 5 分组编号
1号 2号 3号 4号 5号 号 添加营养剂
0 0.1 0.5 1.0 3.0 6 质量 (kg)
总硒含量
4.8 10.6 19.3 31.6 49.7 187.9 (ppb)
有机硒比例 75.8% 87.4% 90.5% 92.1% 85.7% 83.4% 注: 表中总硒含量按照国标法 GB/T12399-1996检测, 有机硒含量用差 减法测定。
实施例 2 富有机硒蔬菜培育实例
在某蔬菜基地, 按照田畦育苗方式下富有机硒蔬菜苗培育步骤, 培育 6 组 1亩大田用番茄苗, 分别施加不同量的纳米硒植物营养剂, 培育出富有机 硒番茄苗, 并移栽至大田种植后收获富有机硒番茄。 并从富有机硒番茄中随 机取样送检。 其中各组施加纳米硒植物营养剂的质量, 以及收获后番茄中总 硒含量和有机硒比例, 如下表所示: 田畦番茄 田畦番茄 田畦番茄 田畦番茄 田畦番茄 田畦番茄 分组编号
1号 2号 3号 4号 5号 6号 添加营养
剂质量 0 0.1 0.5 1.0 3.0 6.0
(kg)
总硒含量
3.5 14.3 28.4 32.7 46.4 169.4 (ppb)
有机硒比
70.1% 85.8% 80.5% 82.7% 85.7% 81.0% 例
注: 表中总硒含量按照国标法 GB/T12399-1996检测, 有机硒含量用差 减法测定。
实施例 3.
在某蔬菜基地, 按照田畦育苗方式下富有机硒蔬菜苗培育步骤, 培育 6 组 1亩大田用辣椒苗, 分别施加不同量的纳米硒植物营养剂, 培育出富有机 硒辣椒苗, 并移栽至大田种植后收获富有机硒辣椒。 并从富有机硒辣椒中随 机取样送检。 其中各组施加纳米硒植物营养剂的质量, 以及收获后辣椒中总 硒含量和有机硒比例, 如下表所示:
田畦辣椒 田畦辣椒 田畦辣椒 田畦辣椒 田畦辣椒 田畦辣椒 分组编号
1号 2号 3号 4号 白菜 5号 6号 添加营养
剂质量 0 0.1 0.5 1.0 3.0 6.0
(kg)
总硒含量
4.8 11.3 22.4 27.5 45.1 265.2 (ppb)
有机硒比
74.1% 92.6% 87.1% 92.5% 87.6% 81.2% 例
注: 表中总硒含量按照国标法 GB/T12399-1996检测, 有机硒含量用差 减法测定。
实施例 4.
在某蔬菜基地, 按照营养杯育苗方式下富有机硒蔬菜苗培育步骤, 培育 6组 1亩大田用白菜苗, 分别用不同质量比的育苗土和纳米硒植物营养剂混 合的基质,培育出富有机硒白菜苗,并移栽至大田种植后收获富有机硒白菜。 并从富有机硒白菜中随机取样送检。其中各组育苗基质中育苗土与纳米硒植 物营养剂的质量之比, 以及收获后白菜中总硒含量和有机硒比例, 如下表所 示: 营养杯白 营养杯白 营养杯白 营养杯白 营养杯白 营养杯白 分组编号
菜 1号 菜 2号 菜 3号 菜 4号 菜 5号 菜 6号 育苗土: 10000: 10000: 10000:
10000: 0 10000: 1 10000: 5
营养剂 10 20 50 总硒含量
2.9 11.0 14.5 27.4 42.1 87.9 (ppb)
有机硒比
72.6% 87.4% 90.5% 92.1% 88.7% 83. % 例
注: 表中总硒含量按照国标法 GB/T12399-1996检测, 有机硒含量用差 减法测定。
实施例 5.
在某蔬菜基地, 按照营养杯育苗方式下富有机硒蔬菜苗培育步骤, 培育 6组 1亩大田用番茄苗, 分别用不同质量比的育苗土和纳米硒植物营养剂混 合的基质,培育出富有机硒番茄苗,并移栽至大田种植后收获富有机硒番茄。 并从富有机硒番茄中随机取样送检。其中各组育苗基质中育苗土与纳米硒植 物营养剂的质量之比, 以及收获后番茄中总硒含量和有机硒比例, 如下表所 营养杯番 营养杯番 营养杯番 营养杯番 营养杯番 营养杯番 分组编号
茄 1号 茄 2号 茄 3号 茄 4号 茄 5号 茄 6号 育苗土: 10000: 10000: 10000:
10000: 0 10000: 1 10000: 5
营养剂 10 20 50 总硒含量
2.4 15.6 197 32.7 45.1 74.5 (ppb)
有机硒比
75.8% 86.1% 83.6% 82.7% 87.2% 87.5% 例
注: 表中总硒含量按照国标法 GB/T12399-1996检测, 有机硒含量用差 减法测定。
实施例 6.
在某蔬菜基地, 按照营养杯育苗方式下富有机硒蔬菜苗培育步骤, 培育 6组 1亩大田用辣椒苗, 分别用不同质量比的育苗土和纳米硒植物营养剂混 合的基质,培育出富有机硒辣椒苗,并移栽至大田种植后收获富有机硒辣椒。 并从富有机硒辣椒中随机取样送检。其中各组育苗基质中育苗土与纳米硒植 物营养剂的质量之比, 以及收获后辣椒中总硒含量和有机硒比例, 如下表所 示: 营养杯辣 营养杯辣 营养杯辣 营养杯辣 营养杯辣 营养杯辣 分组编号
椒 1号 椒 2号 椒 3号 椒 4号 椒 5号 椒 6号 育苗土: 10000: 10000: 10000:
10000: 0 10000: 1 10000: 5
营养剂 10 20 50 总硒含量
5.4 17.5 18.4 34.5 49.2 61.22 (ppb)
有机硒比
71.2% 85.8% 87.4% 90.1% 88.5% 82.0% 例
注: 表中总硒含量按照国标法 GB/T12399-1996检测, 有机硒含量用差 减法测定。 上述实例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技 术的人是能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施, 并不能以此限制本发明的保护 范围。 凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变换或修饰, 都应涵盖在本发明的 保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种用于生产富有机硒蔬菜的富硒蔬菜苗, 其特征在于所述富硒蔬 菜苗移栽时总带硒量为 18~1620 g/株。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的用于生产富有机硒蔬菜的富硒蔬菜苗, 其特 征在于所述富硒蔬菜苗移栽时总带硒量为 90~810 g/株。
3、 一种富硒蔬菜苗的培育方法, 其特征在于所述方法包括在蔬菜育苗 阶段, 在育苗土或育苗田中加入纳米硒植物营养剂按照蔬菜育苗方法培育出 富硒蔬菜苗的步骤。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的培育方法, 其特征在于通过田畦育苗时, 先 按常规育苗步骤将蔬菜种子播入育苗田; 然后将用量 0.1〜6kg/每亩大田的 纳米硒植物营养剂均勾撒于秧田上, 喷洒水使营养剂与田土充分接触; 最后 按照蔬菜育苗常规操作, 培育出富硒蔬菜苗。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的培育方法, 其特征在于所述方法中纳米硒植 物营养剂的用量为 0.5~3.0 kg/每亩大田。
6、 根据权利要求 3所述的培育方法, 其特征在于通过育苗盘或营养杯 蔬菜育苗时,先将育苗土和纳米硒植物营养剂按照重量比为 10000: ( 1〜50 ) 的比例充分混合均匀后, 将混合有营养剂的育苗土装入育苗盘, 然后按照常 规蔬菜育苗方式, 培育出富硒蔬菜苗。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的培育方法, 其特征在于所述方法中育苗土 : 营养剂总量比为 10000: ( 5~20 )。
8、 根据权利要求 6所述的培育方法, 其特征在于所述方法中育苗盘中 每穴或营养杯的规格为容积 150 ± 30ml。
9、 一种富有机硒蔬菜, 其特征在于所述富有机硒蔬菜的硒含量为 10〜 300 g/kg, 其中有机硒含量 80%。
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的富有机硒蔬菜, 其特征在于所述富有机硒蔬 菜的硒含量为 10〜300 g/kg, 其中有机硒含量 85 %。
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