WO2012071994A1

WO2012071994A1 - Method and apparatus for desalting seawater and generating electricity with tidal energy

Info

Publication number: WO2012071994A1
Application number: PCT/CN2011/082579
Authority: WO
Inventors: 凌长明; 郑章靖; 李军; 徐青; 邓朝晖
Original assignee: 广东海洋大学
Priority date: 2010-12-04
Filing date: 2011-11-22
Publication date: 2012-06-07
Also published as: CN102022251A; CN102022251B

Abstract

Method and apparatus for desalting seawater and generating electricity with tidal energy are disclosed, the method includes: building a water reservoir (500) at seaside, and impacting water turbines (503, 504) to rotate when high level sea water in the sea flows into the water reservoir (500) during rising tide and/or when high level sea water in water reservoir (500) flows into the sea during falling tide. The water turbine drives a high pressure pump (518) to generate high pressure seawater, and fresh water is produced by the high pressure seawater flowing through a reverse osmosis membrane component (529). A high pressure concentrated seawater discharged from the reverse osmosis membrane component (529) impact a turbine (532) to rotate, and a power generator (537) is driven by the turbine (532) to generate electricity. The method and apparatus can realize a comprehensive utilization and conversion of tidal energy, and are environment friendly and have low running cost.

Description

利用潮汐能驱动的海水淡化及发电的方法与装置技术领域 Method and device for utilizing tidal energy driven seawater desalination and power generation

本发明涉及一种海水淡化及发电的方法与装置，特别是一种利用潮汐能驱动的海水淡化及发电的方法与装置。背景技术 The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for seawater desalination and power generation, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for desalination and power generation using tidal energy. Background technique

水是人类及一切生物赖以生存的重要物质，地球拥有充足的水资源，水的总量达到 14亿立方千米，但是能被人类所利用的淡水资源却很少，储量仅占全球总水量的 2.53%，而且，其中 68.7 %的淡水以固态冰川的形式存在，很难进行开采利用，人类可以直接利用的淡水只有地下水、湖泊淡水和河床水，这三者总和约占地球总水量的 0.77%，导致目前全世界约有 80多个国家和地区严重缺水，占地球陆地面积的 60 % , 有 15亿人缺少饮用水， 20亿人得不到安全的用水，淡水资源危机已成为仅次于全球气候变暖的世界第二大环境问题，淡水资源的缺乏与持续减少严重威胁到城市居民的饮水安全和人民群众的健康。解决淡水资源危机，开拓新的安全水源将成为国家发展的重中之重。 Water is an important material for humans and all living things. The earth has sufficient water resources, and the total amount of water reaches 1.4 billion cubic kilometers. However, the fresh water resources that can be used by humans are few, and the reserves only account for the total global water. 2.53%, and 68.7 % of the fresh water is in the form of solid glaciers, which is difficult to exploit. The fresh water that humans can directly use is only groundwater, lake freshwater and riverbed water. The sum of these three accounts for about 0.77 of the total earth's water. %, resulting in severe water shortages in more than 80 countries and regions around the world, accounting for 60% of the earth's land area, 1.5 billion people lack drinking water, 2 billion people do not have access to safe water, and the freshwater crisis has become only Second in the world's second-largest environmental problem of global warming, the lack and continuous reduction of freshwater resources seriously threaten the safety of drinking water for urban residents and the health of the people. Resolving the water crisis and opening up new safe water sources will become the top priority of the country's development.

海洋蕴藏了全球 97 %的水量，海水淡化可以解决淡水资源匮乏这一问题。目前，海水淡化的方法有很多种，例如蒸镏法、反渗透法、冷冻法、电渗析法和溶剂萃取法等。在这些方法中，发展最快的是反渗透法，但目前利用反渗透海水淡化方式制取的淡水成本还是偏高，其主要原因之一就是目前极大部分的反渗透海水淡化都是使用高压泵来产生高压海水，而高压泵是高耗能设备，需要消耗大量的电能，利用该设备每生产 1立方米的淡水要消耗 3— 10度的电能，从而提高了反渗透海水淡化的成本，不能够推广应用。 The ocean contains 97% of the world's water, and desalination can solve the problem of lack of fresh water resources. At present, there are many methods for seawater desalination, such as steam distillation, reverse osmosis, freezing, electrodialysis, and solvent extraction. Among these methods, the fastest-growing method is reverse osmosis, but the current cost of freshwater produced by reverse osmosis seawater desalination is still high. One of the main reasons is that most of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination is using high pressure. The pump produces high-pressure seawater, and the high-pressure pump is a high-energy-consuming device that consumes a large amount of electrical energy. The device consumes 3-10 degrees of electricity per cubic meter of fresh water, thereby increasing the cost of desalination seawater desalination. Can not promote the application.

利用传统能源制造淡水，会增加碳排放，进而降低环境质量，最终又反过来污染人类可利用的淡水水源。 The use of traditional energy sources to produce fresh water increases carbon emissions, which in turn reduces environmental quality and, in turn, pollutes freshwater sources available to humans.

海洋能是一种可再生能源，取之不尽，用之不竭。典型的对海洋能进行聚能的方法有波浪能或潮汐能利用流道（渐缩通道）将海水送到一定高度形成势差的方法，但是利用这种方法来提升海水的高度是有限的，因此仅依靠流道结构提升海水势能的方法还远远不够，由于压差并不大，其效率往往比较低，不易利用。分析当前的海洋能开发利用现状不难看出，要想使海洋能的能量密度大幅度提高，设计一种有效的聚能装置得到高压海水对开发利用海洋能至关重要。发明内容 Ocean energy is a renewable energy source that is inexhaustible. A typical method of gathering energy for ocean energy is that wave energy or tidal energy can use the flow channel (concave channel) to send seawater to a certain height to form a potential difference, but the height of seawater used to improve the sea is limited. Therefore, it is far from enough to rely on the flow channel structure to enhance the potential energy of seawater. Because the pressure difference is not large, its efficiency is often low and difficult to use. It is not difficult to analyze the current status of ocean energy development and utilization. In order to greatly increase the energy density of ocean energy, designing an effective energy-concentrating device to obtain high-pressure seawater is crucial for the development and utilization of ocean energy. Summary of the invention

为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种利用潮汐能驱动的海水淡化及发电的方法与装置。本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是： In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for seawater desalination and power generation driven by tidal energy. The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem thereof is:

一种利用潮汐能驱动的海水淡化及发电的方法，在海边建立蓄水池，利用涨潮时大海中的高位海水在流向所述蓄水池内的过程中和 /或退潮后蓄水池中的高位海水在流向大海的过程中冲击水轮机转动，水轮机带动高压泵工作产生高压海水，高压海水流经反渗透膜组件制取淡水，从反渗透膜组件中排出的高压浓海水冲击涡轮机转动，涡轮机带动发电机工作产生电能，实现海洋能的综合利用。 A method for utilizing tidal energy-driven seawater desalination and power generation, establishing a reservoir at the seaside, utilizing high water in the sea during high tide to flow into the reservoir and/or high position in the reservoir after ebb tide The seawater impacts the turbine rotation during the flow to the sea. The turbine drives the high-pressure pump to produce high-pressure seawater. The high-pressure seawater flows through the reverse osmosis membrane module to produce fresh water. The high-pressure concentrated seawater discharged from the reverse osmosis membrane module impacts the turbine to rotate, and the turbine drives the power generation. The machine works to generate electricity and realize the comprehensive utilization of ocean energy.

实现本发明方法的装置可以有很多种，本发明给出 8种结构不同的装置。 There are many different means for carrying out the method of the invention, and the present invention provides eight differently structured devices.

第一种装置包括： The first device includes:

【A1】、蓄水池，该蓄水池的海水进口设置有单向水闸； [A1], a reservoir, the water inlet of the reservoir is provided with a one-way sluice;

【B1】、水轮机，其进水口与所述蓄水池的出水口连通，出水口与大海连通； [B1], the water turbine, the water inlet is connected with the water outlet of the water reservoir, and the water outlet is connected with the sea;

【C1】、变速箱，该变速箱的动力输入轴与所述水轮机的动力输出轴连接； [C1], a gearbox, the power input shaft of the gearbox is connected to a power output shaft of the water turbine;

【D1】、高压泵，其动力输入轴与所述变速箱的动力输出轴连接，所述高压泵的进水口与大海中的海水或蓄水池中的海水连通； [D1], a high pressure pump whose power input shaft is connected to a power output shaft of the transmission, and the water inlet of the high pressure pump is connected to sea water in the sea or seawater in the water reservoir;

【E1】、反渗透膜组件，设置有淡水出口和浓海水出口，该反渗透膜组件的进水口与所述高压泵的出水口连通； [E1], a reverse osmosis membrane module, provided with a fresh water outlet and a concentrated seawater outlet, wherein a water inlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module is connected to an outlet of the high pressure pump;

【F1】、涡轮机，其进水口与所述反渗透膜组件的浓海水出口连通，出水口与大海连通；【G1】、发电机，该发电机的动力输入轴与涡轮机的动力输出轴连接。第二种装置包括： [F1], the turbine, the water inlet is connected with the concentrated seawater outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module, and the water outlet is connected with the sea; [G1], the generator, the power input shaft of the generator is connected with the power output shaft of the turbine. The second device includes:

【A2】、蓄水池，该蓄水池的海水进口设置有单向水闸； [A2], a reservoir, the water inlet of the reservoir is provided with a one-way sluice;

【B2】、水轮机，其进水口与所述蓄水池的出水口连通，出水口与大海连通； [B2], the water turbine, the water inlet is connected with the water outlet of the water reservoir, and the water outlet is connected with the sea;

【C2】、变速箱，该变速箱的动力输入轴与所述水轮机的动力输出轴连接； [C2], a gearbox, the power input shaft of the gearbox is connected to the power output shaft of the water turbine;

【D2】、高压泵，其动力输入轴与所述变速箱的动力输出轴连接，所述高压泵的进水口与大海中的海水或蓄水池中的海水连通； [D2], a high pressure pump, the power input shaft is connected to the power output shaft of the transmission, and the water inlet of the high pressure pump is connected with sea water in the sea or seawater in the reservoir;

【E2】、反渗透膜组件，设置有淡水出口和浓海水出口，该反渗透膜组件的进水口通过第一单向阀与所述高压泵的出水口连通； [E2], the reverse osmosis membrane module is provided with a fresh water outlet and a concentrated seawater outlet, and the water inlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module is connected to the water outlet of the high pressure pump through the first one-way valve;

【F2】、增压泵，其进水口通过第二单向阀与连通所述第一单向阀和高压泵的管路连通，增压泵的出水口与连通所述第一单向阀和反渗透膜组件的连接管路连通； [F2] a booster pump, wherein the water inlet communicates with the pipeline connecting the first check valve and the high pressure pump through a second one-way valve, and the water outlet of the booster pump communicates with the first check valve and The connecting pipe of the reverse osmosis membrane module is connected;

【G2】、涡轮机，其进水口与所述反渗透膜组件的浓海水出口连通，出水口与大海连通； [G2], the turbine, the water inlet is connected to the concentrated seawater outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module, and the water outlet is connected to the sea;

【H2】、发电机，该发电机的动力输入轴与涡轮机的动力输出轴连接； [H2], a generator, the power input shaft of the generator is connected to a power output shaft of the turbine;

【12】、蓄电池，该蓄电池的电源由发电机提供； [12], a battery, the power source of the battery is provided by a generator;

【J2】、电动机，该电动机的工作电源由蓄电池提供，所述电动机的动力输出轴与所述增压泵的动力输入轴连接。 [J2], an electric motor, an operating power source of the electric motor is provided by a battery, and a power output shaft of the electric motor is connected to a power input shaft of the boosting pump.

第三种装置包括： The third device includes:

【A3】、蓄水池，该蓄水池的海水进口设置有单向水闸； [A3], a reservoir, the water inlet of the reservoir is provided with a one-way sluice;

【B3】、水轮机，其进水口与所述蓄水池的出水口连通，出水口与大海连通； [B3], the water turbine, the water inlet is connected with the water outlet of the water reservoir, and the water outlet is connected with the sea;

【C3】、变速箱，该变速箱的动力输入轴与所述水轮机的动力输出轴连接； [C3], a gearbox, the power input shaft of the gearbox is connected to a power output shaft of the water turbine;

【D3】、高压泵，其动力输入轴与所述变速箱的动力输出轴连接，所述高压泵的进水口通过第一单向阀与大海中的海水或蓄水池中的海水连通； [D3], a high-pressure pump, the power input shaft is connected to the power output shaft of the transmission, and the water inlet of the high-pressure pump communicates with the seawater in the sea or the seawater in the reservoir through the first one-way valve;

【E3】、反渗透膜组件，设置有淡水出口和浓海水出口，该反渗透膜组件的进水口与所述高压泵的出水口连通； [E3], the reverse osmosis membrane module is provided with a fresh water outlet and a concentrated seawater outlet, and the water inlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module is connected to the outlet of the high pressure pump;

【F3】、增压泵，其进水口通过第二单向阀与大海中的海水或蓄水池中的海水连通，增压泵的出水口与连通所述高压泵和反渗透膜组件的连接管路连通； [F3], the booster pump, the water inlet is connected to the seawater in the sea or the seawater in the reservoir through the second one-way valve, and the water outlet of the booster pump is connected with the high pressure pump and the reverse osmosis membrane module. Pipeline connection;

【G3】、涡轮机，其进水口与所述反渗透膜组件的浓海水出口连通，出水口与大海连通； [G3], the turbine, the water inlet is connected to the concentrated seawater outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module, and the water outlet is connected to the sea;

【H3】、发电机，该发电机的动力输入轴与涡轮机的动力输出轴连接； [H3], a generator, the power input shaft of the generator is connected to a power output shaft of the turbine;

【13】、蓄电池，该蓄电池的电源由发电机提供； [13], a battery, the power source of the battery is provided by a generator;

【J3】、电动机，该电动机的工作电源由蓄电池提供，所述电动机的动力输出轴与所述增压泵的动力输入轴连接。 [J3], an electric motor, an operating power source of the electric motor is provided by a battery, and a power output shaft of the electric motor is connected to a power input shaft of the boosting pump.

第四种装置包括： The fourth device includes:

【A4】、蓄水池，该蓄水池的海水进口设置有单向水闸； [A4], a reservoir, the water inlet of the reservoir is provided with a one-way sluice;

【B4】、水轮机，其进水口与所述蓄水池的出水口连通，出水口与大海连通； [B4], the water turbine, the water inlet is connected with the water outlet of the water reservoir, and the water outlet is connected with the sea;

【C4】、变速箱，其动力输入轴与所述水轮机的动力输出轴连接；所述变速箱的动力输入轴设置有两组主动齿轮，对应的也设置有两组从动齿轮，其中一组从动齿轮可与其中一组主动齿轮啮合或分离，另一组从动齿轮可与另一组主动齿轮啮合或分离，所述两组从动齿轮各设置有一动力输出轴； [C4], the gearbox, the power input shaft is connected with the power output shaft of the water turbine; the power input shaft of the gearbox is provided with two sets of driving gears, and correspondingly, two sets of driven gears are also provided, one of which is The driven gear can be meshed or disengaged with one of the driving gears, and the other set of driven gears can be meshed or disengaged with another set of driven gears, each of which is provided with a power output shaft;

【D4】、第一高压泵，其动力输入轴与所述变速箱的其中一动力输出轴连接，所述第一高压泵的进水口通过第一单向阀与大海中的海水或蓄水池中的海水连通； [D4] The first high-pressure pump has a power input shaft connected to one of the power output shafts of the transmission, and the water inlet of the first high-pressure pump passes through the first check valve and the seawater or the reservoir in the sea. The seawater in the middle;

【E4】、第二高压泵，该第二高压泵的功率小于所述第一高压泵的功率，所述第二高压泵的动力输入轴与所述变速箱的另一动力输出轴连接，所述第二高压泵的进水口通过第二单向阀与大海中的海水或蓄水池中的海水连通； [E4], a second high pressure pump, the power of the second high pressure pump is less than the power of the first high pressure pump, and the power input shaft of the second high pressure pump is connected to another power output shaft of the gearbox, The water inlet of the second high pressure pump is connected to the seawater in the sea or the seawater in the reservoir through the second one-way valve;

【F4】、两组反渗透膜组件，均设置有淡水出口和浓海水出口，其中一组反渗透膜组件的进水口与连通所述第一高压泵出水口和第二高压泵出水口的管路连通，另一组反渗透膜组件的进水口通过电磁阀与连通所述第一高压泵出水口和第二高压泵出水口的管路连通； [F4], two sets of reverse osmosis membrane modules are provided with a fresh water outlet and a concentrated seawater outlet, wherein a water inlet of a group of reverse osmosis membrane modules and a tube connecting the first high pressure pump outlet and the second high pressure pump outlet The water inlet of the other reverse osmosis membrane module is connected to the pipeline connecting the first high pressure pump outlet and the second high pressure pump outlet through a solenoid valve;

【G4】、涡轮机，其进水口与所述两组反渗透膜组件的浓海水出口连通，涡轮机的出水口与大海连通； [G4], the turbine, the water inlet is connected with the concentrated seawater outlet of the two sets of reverse osmosis membrane modules, and the water outlet of the turbine is connected to the sea;

【H4】、发电机，该发电机的动力输入轴与涡轮机的动力输出轴连接。第五种装置包括： [H4], the generator, the power input shaft of the generator is connected to the power output shaft of the turbine. The fifth device includes:

【A5】、蓄水池，该蓄水池设置有进水管路和出水管路，所述进水管路和出水管路上分别设置有第一电磁阀和第二电磁阀； [A5], a water reservoir, the water storage tank is provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, and the first water solenoid valve and the second electromagnetic valve are respectively disposed on the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe;

【B5】、第一水轮机，设置在所述蓄水池的进水管路上； [B5], the first water turbine is disposed on the water inlet pipe of the water storage tank;

【C5】、第二水轮机，设置在所述蓄水池的出水管路上； [C5], a second water turbine, disposed on the outlet pipe of the reservoir;

【D5】、传动箱，该传动箱设置有两组输入端主动齿轮和一组输入端从动齿轮，所述输入端从动齿轮可分别与其中一组输入端主动齿轮啮合或分离，所述输入端主动齿轮各设置有一动力输入轴，所述传动箱的其中一动力输入轴与第一水轮机的动力输出轴连接，另一动力输入轴与第二水轮机的动力输出轴连接； [D5], a transmission case, the transmission case is provided with two sets of input end drive gears and a set of input end driven gears, and the input end driven gears can respectively be meshed or separated from one of the input end drive gears, The input driving gears are each provided with a power input shaft, one of the power input shafts of the transmission box is connected with the power output shaft of the first water turbine, and the other power input shaft is connected with the power output shaft of the second water turbine;

【E5】、变速箱，该变速箱的动力输入轴与所述传动箱的动力输出轴连接； [E5], a gearbox, the power input shaft of the gearbox is connected to the power output shaft of the transmission case;

【F5】、高压泵，其动力输入轴与所述变速箱的动力输出轴连接，所述高压泵的进水口与大海中的海水或蓄水池中的海水连通； [F5], a high-pressure pump, the power input shaft is connected to the power output shaft of the transmission, and the water inlet of the high-pressure pump is connected with sea water in the sea or seawater in the reservoir;

【G5】、反渗透膜组件，设置有淡水出口和浓海水出口，该反渗透膜组件的进水口与所述高压泵的出水口连通； [G5], a reverse osmosis membrane module, provided with a fresh water outlet and a concentrated seawater outlet, wherein a water inlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module is connected to an outlet of the high pressure pump;

【H5】、涡轮机，其进水口与所述反渗透膜组件的浓海水出口连通，出水口与大海连通； [H5], the turbine, the water inlet is connected with the concentrated seawater outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module, and the water outlet is connected to the sea;

【15】、发电机，该发电机的动力输入轴与涡轮机的动力输出轴连接。 [15], a generator, the power input shaft of the generator is connected to a power output shaft of the turbine.

第六种装置包括： The sixth device includes:

【A6】、蓄水池，该蓄水池设置有进水管路和出水管路，所述进水管路和出水管路上分别设置有第一电磁阀和第二电磁阀； [A6], a water reservoir, the water storage tank is provided with a water inlet pipeline and a water outlet pipeline, and the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve are respectively disposed on the water inlet pipeline and the outlet water pipeline;

【B6】、第一水轮机，设置在所述蓄水池的进水管路上； [B6], the first water turbine is disposed on the water inlet pipe of the water storage tank;

【C6】、第二水轮机，设置在所述蓄水池的出水管路上； [C6], a second water turbine, disposed on the outlet pipe of the reservoir;

【D6】、传动箱，该传动箱设置有两组输入端主动齿轮和一组输入端从动齿轮，所述输入端从动齿轮可分别与其中一组输入端主动齿轮啮合或分离，所述输入端主动齿轮各设置有一动力输入轴，所述传动箱的其中一动力输入轴与第一水轮机的动力输出轴连接，另一动力输入轴与第二水轮机的动力输出轴连接； [D6], a transmission case, the transmission case is provided with two sets of input end drive gears and a set of input end driven gears, and the input end driven gears can respectively mesh or separate with one of the input end drive gears, The input driving gears are each provided with a power input shaft, one of the power input shafts of the transmission box is connected with the power output shaft of the first water turbine, and the other power input shaft is connected with the power output shaft of the second water turbine;

【E6】、变速箱，该变速箱的动力输入轴与所述传动箱的动力输出轴连接； [E6], a gearbox, the power input shaft of the gearbox is connected to the power output shaft of the transmission case;

【F6】、高压泵，其动力输入轴与所述变速箱的动力输出轴连接，所述高压泵的进水口与大海中的海水或蓄水池中的海水连通； [F6], a high-pressure pump, the power input shaft is connected to the power output shaft of the transmission, and the water inlet of the high-pressure pump is connected with sea water in the sea or seawater in the reservoir;

【G6】、反渗透膜组件，设置有淡水出口和浓海水出口，该反渗透膜组件的进水口通过第一单向阀与所述高压泵的出水口连通； [G6], the reverse osmosis membrane module is provided with a fresh water outlet and a concentrated seawater outlet, and the water inlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module is connected to the water outlet of the high pressure pump through the first one-way valve;

【H6】、增压泵，其进水口通过第二单向阀与连通所述第一单向阀和高压泵的管路连通，增压泵的出水口与连通所述第一单向阀和反渗透膜组件的连接管路连通； [H6], a booster pump, wherein the water inlet communicates with a pipeline connecting the first check valve and the high pressure pump through a second one-way valve, and the water outlet of the booster pump communicates with the first check valve and The connecting pipe of the reverse osmosis membrane module is connected;

【16】、涡轮机，其进水口与所述反渗透膜组件的浓海水出口连通，出水口与大海连通； [16] The turbine has a water inlet connected to the concentrated seawater outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module, and the water outlet is connected to the sea;

【J6】、发电机，该发电机的动力输入轴与涡轮机的动力输出轴连接； [J6], a generator, the power input shaft of the generator is connected to a power output shaft of the turbine;

【K6】、蓄电池，该蓄电池的电源由发电机提供； [K6], the battery, the power of the battery is provided by the generator;

【L6】、电动机，该电动机的工作电源由蓄电池提供，所述电动机的动力输出轴与所述增压泵的动力输入轴连接。 [L6], an electric motor, an operating power source of the electric motor is provided by a battery, and a power output shaft of the electric motor is connected to a power input shaft of the boosting pump.

第七种装置包括： The seventh device includes:

【A7】、蓄水池，该蓄水池设置有进水管路和出水管路，所述进水管路和出水管路上分别设置有第一电磁阀和第二电磁阀； [A7], a water reservoir, the water storage tank is provided with an inlet water pipe and a water outlet pipe, and the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve are respectively disposed on the water inlet pipe and the outlet pipe;

【B7】、第一水轮机，设置在所述蓄水池的进水管路上； [B7], the first water turbine is disposed on the water inlet pipe of the water storage tank;

【C7】、第二水轮机，设置在所述蓄水池的出水管路上； [C7], a second water turbine, disposed on the outlet pipe of the reservoir;

【D7】传动箱，该传动箱设置有两组输入端主动齿轮和一组输入端从动齿轮，所述输入端从动齿轮可分别与其中一组输入端主动齿轮啮合或分离，所述输入端主动齿轮各设置有一动力输入轴，所述传动箱的其中一动力输入轴与第一水轮机的动力输出轴连接，另一动力输入轴与第二水轮机的动力输出轴连接； [D7] a transmission case, the transmission case is provided with two sets of input end drive gears and a set of input end driven gears, and the input end driven gears can respectively mesh or separate with one of the input end drive gears, the input The end drive gears are each provided with a power input shaft, one of the power input shafts of the transmission box is connected with the power output shaft of the first water turbine, and the other power input shaft is connected with the power output shaft of the second water turbine;

【E7】、变速箱，该变速箱的动力输入轴与所述传动箱的动力输出轴连接； [E7], a gearbox, the power input shaft of the gearbox is connected to the power output shaft of the transmission case;

【F7】、高压泵，其动力输入轴与所述变速箱的动力输出轴连接，所述高压泵的进水口通过第一单向阀与大海中的海水或蓄水池中的海水连通；【G7】、反渗透膜组件，设置有淡水出口和浓海水出口，该反渗透膜组件的进水口与所述高压泵的出水口连通； [F7], a high-pressure pump, the power input shaft is connected to the power output shaft of the transmission, and the water inlet of the high-pressure pump communicates with the seawater in the sea or the seawater in the reservoir through the first one-way valve; [G7], a reverse osmosis membrane module, provided with a fresh water outlet and a concentrated seawater outlet, wherein a water inlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module is connected to a water outlet of the high pressure pump;

【H7】、增压泵，其进水口通过第二单向阀与大海中的海水或蓄水池中的海水连通，增压泵的出水口与连通所述高压泵和反渗透膜组件的连接管路连通； [H7], the booster pump, the water inlet is connected to the seawater in the sea or the seawater in the reservoir through the second check valve, and the water outlet of the booster pump is connected with the high pressure pump and the reverse osmosis membrane module. Pipeline connection;

【17】、涡轮机，其进水口与所述反渗透膜组件的浓海水出口连通，出水口与大海连通； [17] The turbine has a water inlet connected to the concentrated seawater outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module, and the water outlet is connected to the sea;

【J7】、发电机，该发电机的动力输入轴与涡轮机的动力输出轴连接； [J7], a generator, the power input shaft of the generator is connected to a power output shaft of the turbine;

【K7】、蓄电池，该蓄电池的电源由发电机提供； [K7], the battery, the power of the battery is provided by the generator;

【L7】、电动机，该电动机的工作电源由蓄电池提供，所述电动机的动力输出轴与所述增压泵的动力输入轴连接。 [L7], an electric motor, an operating power source of the electric motor is provided by a battery, and a power output shaft of the electric motor is connected to a power input shaft of the boosting pump.

第八种装置包括： The eighth device includes:

【A8】、蓄水池，该蓄水池设置有进水管路和出水管路，所述进水管路和出水管路上分别设置有第一电磁阀和第二电磁阀； [A8], a water reservoir, the water storage tank is provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, and the first water solenoid valve and the second electromagnetic valve are respectively disposed on the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe;

【B8】、第一水轮机，设置在所述蓄水池的进水管路上； [B8], the first water turbine is disposed on the water inlet pipe of the water storage tank;

【C8】、第二水轮机，设置在所述蓄水池的出水管路上； [C8], a second water turbine, disposed on the outlet pipe of the reservoir;

【D8】、传动箱，该传动箱设置有两组输入端主动齿轮和一组输入端从动齿轮，所述输入端从动齿轮可分别与其中一组输入端主动齿轮啮合或分离，所述输入端主动齿轮各设置有一动力输入轴，所述传动箱的其中一动力输入轴与第一水轮机的动力输出轴连接，另一动力输入轴与第二水轮机的动力输出轴连接；【E8】、变速箱，其动力输入轴与所述传动箱的动力输出轴连接；所述变速箱的动力输入轴设置有两组主动齿轮，对应的也设置有两组从动齿轮，其中一组从动齿轮可与其中一组主动齿轮啮合或分离，另一组从动齿轮可与另一组主动齿轮啮合或分离，所述两组从动齿轮各设置有一动力输出轴； [D8], a transmission case, the transmission case is provided with two sets of input end drive gears and a set of input end driven gears, and the input end driven gears can be respectively meshed or separated from one of the input end drive gears, The input drive gears are each provided with a power input shaft, one of the power input shafts of the transmission box is connected with the power output shaft of the first water turbine, and the other power input shaft is connected with the power output shaft of the second water turbine; [E8], a power transmission input shaft is coupled to the power output shaft of the transmission case; the power input shaft of the transmission is provided with two sets of driving gears, and correspondingly, two sets of driven gears are also provided, wherein one set of driven gears One set of driving gears may be meshed or disengaged, and the other set of driven gears may be meshed or disengaged from another set of driven gears, each of which is provided with a power output shaft;

【F8】、第一高压泵，其动力输入轴与所述变速箱的其中一动力输出轴连接，所述第一高压泵的进水口通过第一单向阀与大海中的海水或蓄水池中的海水连通； [F8] The first high-pressure pump has a power input shaft connected to one of the power output shafts of the transmission, and the water inlet of the first high-pressure pump passes through the first check valve and the seawater or the reservoir in the sea. The seawater in the middle;

【G8】、第二高压泵，该第二高压泵的功率小于所述第一高压泵的功率，所述第二高压泵的动力输入轴与所述变速箱的另一动力输出轴连接，所述第二高压泵的进水口通过第二单向阀与大海中的海水或蓄水池中的海水连通； [G8], a second high pressure pump, the power of the second high pressure pump is less than the power of the first high pressure pump, and the power input shaft of the second high pressure pump is connected to another power output shaft of the gearbox. The water inlet of the second high pressure pump is connected to the seawater in the sea or the seawater in the reservoir through the second one-way valve;

【H8】、两组反渗透膜组件，均设置有淡水出口和浓海水出口，其中一组反渗透膜组件的进水口与连通所述第一高压泵出水口和第二高压泵出水口的管路连通，另一组反渗透膜组件的进水口通过电磁阀与连通所述第一高压泵出水口和第二高压泵出水口的管路连通； [H8], two sets of reverse osmosis membrane modules are provided with a fresh water outlet and a concentrated seawater outlet, wherein a water inlet of a group of reverse osmosis membrane modules and a tube connecting the first high pressure pump outlet and the second high pressure pump outlet The water inlet of the other reverse osmosis membrane module is connected to the pipeline connecting the first high pressure pump outlet and the second high pressure pump outlet through a solenoid valve;

【18】、涡轮机，其进水口与所述两组反渗透膜组件的浓海水出口连通，涡轮机的出水口与大海连通；【J8】、发电机，该发电机的动力输入轴与涡轮机的动力输出轴连接。 [18], the turbine, the water inlet is connected with the concentrated seawater outlets of the two sets of reverse osmosis membrane modules, and the water outlet of the turbine is connected with the sea; [J8], the generator, the power input shaft of the generator and the power of the turbine Output shaft connection.

本发明的有益效果是：本发明利用涨潮时大海中的高位海水在流向蓄水池内的过程中和 /或退潮后蓄水池中的高位海水在流向大海的过程中冲击水轮机转动，水轮机带动高压泵工作产生高压海水，高压海水经过反渗透膜组件淡化产生淡水，从反渗透膜组件中排出的高压浓海水冲击涡轮机转动，涡轮机带动发电机转动产生电能，实现潮汐能的综合利用和转化，产生的电能还可以储备在蓄电池中，当由于潮差较低造成的高压海水压力不够时，用此电能供给电动机驱动增压泵，补充反渗透膜组件的进水压力，使海水淡化过程在稳定的高压海水下进行。能源利用与转化过程中的排放物无污染，清洁环保， ***不需要另外提供动力，运行成本低，潮汐能是一种可再生能源，具有可持续发展性，具有良好的社会效益和应用价值。附图说明 The invention has the beneficial effects that the present invention utilizes the high seawater in the sea during the high tide to flow into the reservoir and/or the high seawater in the reservoir after the ebb tide flows into the sea, and the turbine rotates, and the turbine drives the high pressure. The pump works to produce high-pressure seawater. The high-pressure seawater is desalted by the reverse osmosis membrane module to produce fresh water. The high-pressure concentrated seawater discharged from the reverse osmosis membrane module impacts the turbine to rotate, and the turbine drives the generator to generate electric energy to realize the comprehensive utilization and conversion of tidal energy. The electric energy can also be stored in the battery. When the high pressure seawater pressure is insufficient due to the low tidal range, the electric energy is supplied to the motor to drive the booster pump to supplement the inlet pressure of the reverse osmosis membrane module, so that the seawater desalination process is stable. Under high pressure seawater. The emissions in the energy utilization and conversion process are non-polluting, clean and environmentally friendly, the system does not need to provide additional power, and the operating cost is low. The tidal energy is a renewable energy, sustainable, with good social benefits and application value. DRAWINGS

下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。 The invention will now be further described with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

图 1是第一种实施装置结构示意图； Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a first embodiment;

图 2是第二种实施装置结构示意图； Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of a second implementation device;

图 3是第三种实施装置结构示意图； Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of a third implementation device;

图 4是第四种实施装置结构示意图； Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of a fourth implementation device;

图 5是第五种实施装置结构示意图； Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a fifth implementation device;

图 6是第六种实施装置结构示意图；图 7是第七种实施装置结构示意图； Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of a sixth implementation device; Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of a seventh implementation device;

图 8是第八种实施装置结构示意图； Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of an eighth implementation device;

图 9是皮囊式蓄能器的结构示意图。 Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a bladder type accumulator.

具体实施方式 detailed description

一种利用潮汐能驱动的海水淡化及发电的方法，首先在海边建立蓄水池，利用涨潮时大海中的高位海水在流向所述蓄水池内的过程中和 /或退潮后蓄水池中的高位海水在流向大海的过程中冲击水轮机转动，水轮机通过变速箱带动高压泵工作产生高压海水，高压海水首先流经反渗透膜组件制取淡水，未透过渗透膜的剩余浓海水是原海水的 60 %左右，此时的浓海水依然保持高压，从反渗透膜组件中排出的高压浓海水再流经涡轮机冲击涡轮机转动，涡轮机带动发电机工作产生电能，实现海洋能的综合利用。 A method for utilizing tidal energy-driven seawater desalination and power generation, first establishing a reservoir at the seaside, utilizing high seawater in the sea during high tide in the process of flowing into the reservoir and/or in the reservoir after ebb tide The high seawater impacts the turbine in the process of flowing to the sea. The turbine drives the high pressure pump to generate high pressure seawater through the gearbox. The high pressure seawater first flows through the reverse osmosis membrane module to obtain fresh water. The remaining concentrated seawater that does not penetrate the permeable membrane is the original seawater. About 60%, the concentrated seawater is still high pressure at this time, and the high-pressure concentrated seawater discharged from the reverse osmosis membrane module flows through the turbine to impact the turbine to rotate, and the turbine drives the generator to generate electric energy to realize the comprehensive utilization of ocean energy.

实现上述方法的装置可以有很多种结构，本发明给出 8种不同结构的装置。 The apparatus for carrying out the above method can have a wide variety of configurations, and the present invention provides eight different configurations of apparatus.

参照图 1，第一种装置包括： Referring to Figure 1, the first device includes:

【A1】、蓄水池 102，该蓄水池 102的海水进口 100设置有单向水闸 101 ; [A1], a reservoir 102, the seawater inlet 100 of the reservoir 102 is provided with a one-way sluice 101;

【B1】、水轮机 106，其进水口 105与所述蓄水池 102的出水口 103连通，出水口 107与大海连通；【C1】、变速箱 111，该变速箱 111的动力输入轴 110通过联轴器 109与所述水轮机 106的动力输出轴 108连接； [B1], the water turbine 106, the water inlet 105 communicates with the water outlet 103 of the water reservoir 102, and the water outlet 107 communicates with the sea; [C1], the transmission 111, the power input shaft 110 of the transmission 111 passes through A shaft 109 is coupled to the power take-off shaft 108 of the turbine 106;

【D1】、高压泵 115，其动力输入轴 113通过联轴器 114与所述变速箱 111的动力输出轴 112连接，所述高压泵 115的进水口 117通过单向阀 121与大海中的海水或蓄水池 102中的海水连通； [D1], the high pressure pump 115, whose power input shaft 113 is connected to the power output shaft 112 of the transmission 111 through the coupling 114, and the water inlet 117 of the high pressure pump 115 passes through the check valve 121 and the seawater in the sea. Or the seawater in the reservoir 102 is connected;

【E1】、反渗透膜组件 123，设置有淡水出口 125和浓海水出口 126，该反渗透膜组件 123的进水口 124 与所述高压泵 115的出水口 116连通； [E1], the reverse osmosis membrane module 123 is provided with a fresh water outlet 125 and a concentrated seawater outlet 126, and the water inlet 124 of the reverse osmosis membrane module 123 is in communication with the water outlet 116 of the high pressure pump 115;

【F1】、涡轮机 129，其进水口 128与所述反渗透膜组件 123的浓海水出口 126连通，出水口 130与大海连通； [F1], the turbine 129, the water inlet 128 is in communication with the concentrated seawater outlet 126 of the reverse osmosis membrane module 123, and the water outlet 130 is connected to the sea;

【G1】、发电机 134，该发电机 134的动力输入轴 132通过联轴器 133与涡轮机 129的动力输出轴 131 连接。 [G1], the generator 134, and the power input shaft 132 of the generator 134 is connected to the power output shaft 131 of the turbine 129 via the coupling 133.

蓄水池 102中水位高低不同，冲击水轮机 106的动能也不同，为确保水轮机 106能平稳运行，蓄水池 102的出水口 103和水轮机 106的进水口 105之间设置有水闸 104，所述水闸 104连接有流量调节器 137，该流量调节器 137根据水轮机 106的转速，输出信令调整水闸 104的开度大小，使***能够获得稳定的水压。 The water level in the reservoir 102 is different, and the kinetic energy of the impingement turbine 106 is also different. To ensure smooth operation of the turbine 106, a water gate 104 is disposed between the water outlet 103 of the reservoir 102 and the water inlet 105 of the turbine 106. A flow regulator 137 is connected to the flow regulator 137. The flow regulator 137 outputs signaling to adjust the opening degree of the water gate 104 according to the rotational speed of the turbine 106, so that the system can obtain a stable water pressure.

所述发电机 134发出的电能一部分存储在蓄电池 135中，满足本***使用，多余的电能可以输送到电网。 A portion of the electrical energy emitted by the generator 134 is stored in the battery 135 for use by the system, and excess electrical energy can be delivered to the electrical grid.

由于海水中有大量的杂物，应该在海水进入设备的管路上添加海水前处理装置，海水前处理装置包括在高压泵 115进水口设置的海水粗过滤器 120和阻垢剂添加器 119，对海水过滤，剔除杂物，防止杂物损坏设备及设备内壁，在高压泵 115的出水口 116设置精密过滤器 118进一步除杂，在反渗透膜组件 123 的进水口 124前设置储能器 122，使反渗透膜组件 123内的水压稳定。 Due to the large amount of debris in the seawater, a seawater pretreatment device should be added to the pipeline of the seawater entering the equipment. The seawater pretreatment device includes a seawater coarse filter 120 and a scale inhibitor additive 119 disposed at the water inlet of the high pressure pump 115, The seawater is filtered to remove debris, to prevent debris from damaging the equipment and the inner wall of the device, and a precision filter 118 is disposed at the water outlet 116 of the high pressure pump 115 to further remove impurities, and an accumulator 122 is disposed in front of the water inlet 124 of the reverse osmosis membrane module 123. The water pressure in the reverse osmosis membrane module 123 is stabilized.

蓄能器是根据能量平衡的原理，使密闭容器中的液体具有一定的压力，这种能量能够在水路***需要时被释放出来。可作为辅助动力源，紧急动力源，补充泄漏和保压，液体的补充装置，压力和流量补偿装置，吸收压力脉动和动力冲击等。 The accumulator is based on the principle of energy balance, which gives the liquid in the closed container a certain pressure that can be released when the water system needs it. It can be used as an auxiliary power source, emergency power source, supplemental leakage and pressure retention, liquid replenishing device, pressure and flow compensation device, absorption pressure pulsation and power shock.

蓄能器的结构形式主要有皮囊式、活塞式、隔膜式、重锤式、弹簧式等几种。 The structure of the accumulator mainly includes a bladder type, a piston type, a diaphragm type, a heavy hammer type, and a spring type.

本发明优先采用皮囊式蓄能器。皮囊式蓄能器的结构图参见图 9，皮囊式蓄能器，外面是刚性容器壳体 900，里面有一个气囊 901，通过改变气囊内预充氮气的体积，从而使蓄能器储液腔内的液体具有一定的压力，这种蓄能器具有密封性好，效率高、灵敏度高、结构紧凑、重量轻、易维护、动作惯性小等优点，故而使用较广。 The present invention preferably uses a bladder-type accumulator. The structure of the bladder accumulator is shown in Fig. 9. The bladder accumulator has a rigid container casing 900 on the outside and an air bag 901 therein. The accumulator reservoir is made by changing the volume of the prefilled nitrogen gas in the bladder. The liquid inside has a certain pressure. The accumulator has the advantages of good sealing performance, high efficiency, high sensitivity, compact structure, light weight, easy maintenance, small inertia of operation, and the like, and thus is widely used.

蓄能器的作用是： The role of the accumulator is:

( 1 ) ***保压； (1) The system maintains pressure;

( 3 ) 缓和冲击压力； (3) mitigating the impact pressure;

( 3 ) 吸收脉动压力。 (3) Absorb pulsating pressure.

当涨潮时，大海中的海水水位上涨，海水通过单向水闸 101进入到蓄水池 102内，由于单向水闸 101 是单向的，退潮时蓄水池 102中的海水不会从单向水闸 101返回大海。涨潮过程中，水闸 104和单向阀 121 是关闭着的；只有当大海的水位又降回到一定高度，蓄水池 102中的海水水位与大海水面有足够的高度差时，水闸 104和单向阀 121才打开。 When the tide is high, the seawater level in the sea rises, and the seawater enters the reservoir 102 through the one-way sluice 101, due to the one-way sluice 101. It is unidirectional, and the seawater in the reservoir 102 does not return to the sea from the one-way sluice 101 when the tide is ebb. During the high tide, the sluice 104 and the check valve 121 are closed; only when the water level of the sea drops back to a certain height, and the sea level in the reservoir 102 has a sufficient height difference from the sea surface, the sluice 104 and the single The valve 121 is opened.

当打开水闸 104时，由于水位差作用，蓄水池 102中的海水经过水闸 104、水轮机 106，最后从水轮机 106的出水口 107流出排入大海，当海水经过水轮机 106时，会驱动水轮机 106转动，带动水轮机 106 的动力输出轴 108输出轴功。 When the water gate 104 is opened, the seawater in the water reservoir 102 passes through the water gate 104, the water turbine 106, and finally flows out of the water outlet 107 of the water turbine 106 into the sea due to the water level difference. When the sea water passes through the water turbine 106, the water turbine 106 is driven to rotate. The power output shaft 108 that drives the turbine 106 outputs shaft work.

变速箱 111主要起了传动及变速的作用，变速箱 111与高压泵 115的匹配方式有 2种：一是变速箱 111 为低传动比的变速箱，高压泵 115为多级高压泵或者往复泵；二是变速箱 111为高传动比的变速箱，高压泵 115为单级高速高压泵。 The gearbox 111 mainly functions as a transmission and a shifting gear. The gearbox 111 and the high-pressure pump 115 are matched in two ways: one is that the gearbox 111 is a gearbox with a low gear ratio, and the high-pressure pump 115 is a multi-stage high-pressure pump or a reciprocating pump. Second, the gearbox 111 is a gearbox with a high gear ratio, and the high pressure pump 115 is a single-stage high-speed high-pressure pump.

当***开始运行时，单向阀 121打开，这时，海水从高压泵 115的进水口 117进入高压泵 115内，经过增压后的高压海水从高压泵 115的出水口 116流出。 When the system starts operating, the check valve 121 is opened, at which time seawater enters the high pressure pump 115 from the water inlet 117 of the high pressure pump 115, and the pressurized high pressure seawater flows out from the water outlet 116 of the high pressure pump 115.

从高压泵 115的出水口 116流出的海水进入到反渗透膜组件 123内，产出的淡水从淡水出口 125流出，并流到淡水收集罐 127内，剩下的高压浓海水从浓海水出口 126流出，流出的浓海水从涡轮机 129的进水口 128流入，推动涡轮机 129转动，并带动发电机 134发电，做完功的低压浓海水从涡轮机 129的出水口 130重力作用自然流出，流出的低压浓海水直接排入大海，也可以对从涡轮机 129的出水口 130流出的低压浓海水进一步加工利用。 The seawater flowing out of the water outlet 116 of the high pressure pump 115 enters the reverse osmosis membrane module 123, and the fresh water produced flows out from the fresh water outlet 125 and flows into the fresh water collection tank 127, and the remaining high-pressure concentrated seawater flows from the concentrated seawater outlet 126. The concentrated seawater flowing out flows from the water inlet 128 of the turbine 129, drives the turbine 129 to rotate, and drives the generator 134 to generate electricity. The low-pressure concentrated seawater that has been completed is naturally flowed out from the water outlet 130 of the turbine 129, and the low-pressure is discharged. The seawater is directly discharged into the sea, and the low-pressure concentrated seawater flowing out of the water outlet 130 of the turbine 129 can be further processed and utilized.

海水提取淡水后将产生大量高盐度海水。一般一吨海水淡化后，要排放 0.65吨左右盐度在 52以上浓海水，其中含有高浓度的镁、钙、钾等金属离子和各种酸根，这不仅是对有限的资源的浪费，也将对脆弱的海洋生态带来巨大威胁。由于在浓海水中这些化学组分的浓度约为海水浓度的 2倍。因此，获取相同化学资源的处理量仅为海水直接处理量的一半，可显著降低提取成本。此外，利用浓海水进行化学资源提取不需要另外设置取海水和加氯杀菌等预处理设备，可大大节约投资和工程造价，并且，海水淡化操作过程中产生的浓海水的温度、流量参数稳定，便于化学资源提取过程中的稳定操作。 A large amount of high salinity seawater will be produced after seawater is extracted from fresh water. Generally, after one ton of seawater desalination, about 0.65 tons of salinity above 52 concentrated seawater, which contains high concentrations of metal ions such as magnesium, calcium, potassium and various acid radicals, is not only a waste of limited resources, but also A huge threat to the fragile marine ecosystem. Since the concentration of these chemical components in concentrated seawater is about twice that of seawater. Therefore, the processing capacity for the same chemical resource is only half of the direct treatment of seawater, which can significantly reduce the extraction cost. In addition, the use of concentrated seawater for chemical resource extraction does not require additional pretreatment equipment such as seawater and chlorination, which can greatly save investment and engineering cost, and the temperature and flow parameters of concentrated seawater generated during seawater desalination operation are stable. It facilitates stable operation during chemical resource extraction.

从涡轮机的出水口流出的低压浓海水进一步加工利用的项目有以下几种： There are several items for further processing and utilization of low-pressure concentrated seawater flowing out of the turbine outlet:

1、基于盐田法的传统综合利用方案。 1. Traditional comprehensive utilization scheme based on the Yantian Law.

基于盐田法方案主要是基于传统的滩晒法海水资源综合利用流程。滩晒法工艺过程为原料海水经扬水站纳入盐田，在自然条件下海水蒸发浓缩，分别经过初级制卤区、中级制卤区和高级制卤区后得到的饱和卤，进一步在结晶区中析出氯化钠晶体，同时得到的苦卤输送到苦卤化工厂进行钾盐、溴素和镁盐的提取。该流程是目前国内盐场普遍采用的流程，可以实现海水中化学资源的全利用。 The Yantian Law Scheme is mainly based on the traditional comprehensive utilization process of seawater resources. The beach drying process is carried out in the crystallization zone by the raw water seawater being introduced into the salt field by the Yangshui station, and the seawater is evaporated and concentrated under natural conditions, respectively, through the saturated brine obtained after the primary halogen zone, the intermediate halogen zone and the advanced halogen zone. The sodium chloride crystals are simultaneously supplied to the bitter halogen plant for the extraction of potassium salts, bromine and magnesium salts. This process is a commonly used process in domestic salt fields, which can realize the full utilization of chemical resources in seawater.

基于盐田法的浓海水综合利用方案，即将淡化浓海水直接引入相应浓度的制卤区，其它工艺过程不变。该方案的最大优势是工艺技术成熟，利用现有的盐场面积和海洋化工厂设备即可满足生产的需要。 Based on the salt field method, the concentrated seawater comprehensive utilization scheme will directly dilute the concentrated seawater into the corresponding concentration of the halogen-making zone, and the other processes will not change. The biggest advantage of this solution is that the process technology is mature, and the existing salt field area and marine chemical plant equipment can be used to meet the production needs.

2、基于电渗析法制盐的综合利用方案。 2. Comprehensive utilization plan for salt production based on electrodialysis.

自 20世纪 50年代起日本大力开展离子交换膜电渗析法浓缩制盐研究，并从 70 年代实现了工业化。目前日本已全部废除了盐田法制盐工艺，年产食盐 150万 t全部使用膜法制盐。国内目前还未见这项技术工业化应用的报道。据报导，采用一价离子选择性离子交换膜制备的卤水中氯化钠浓度可达 200g/L，吨盐耗电量在 150kW * h左右。电渗析法制得的卤水经蒸发、干燥后得到食用盐，同时副产苦卤。离子交换膜电渗析法浓缩海水制盐工艺主要由电渗析、蒸发结晶、干燥、包装四部分组成。其中，电渗析浓缩制卤是整个过程的心脏，这部分由海水的提取、预处理和电渗析三部分组成。若与采用淡化副产的浓海水作为进料，则不需要另外设置取海水和加氯杀菌等预处理设备，可大大节约投资和工程造价，直接将浓海水用于电渗析制卤。 Since the 1950s, Japan has vigorously carried out research on ion exchange membrane electrodialysis concentrated salt production, and industrialization has been realized since the 1970s. At present, Japan has completely abolished the salt-making process of the salt field, and the annual output of salt is 1.5 million tons. There is no report on the industrial application of this technology in China. It has been reported that the concentration of sodium chloride in brine prepared by monovalent ion selective ion exchange membrane can reach 200g/L, and the power consumption per ton of salt is about 150kW * h. The brine obtained by electrodialysis is evaporated and dried to obtain an edible salt, and the bitter brine is produced by-product. Ion exchange membrane electrodialysis concentrated seawater salt production process mainly consists of electrodialysis, evaporation crystallization, drying, packaging. Among them, electrodialysis concentrated halogen is the heart of the whole process, which is composed of seawater extraction, pretreatment and electrodialysis. If the concentrated seawater with lighter by-products is used as the feed, it is not necessary to set up pretreatment equipment such as seawater and chlorination, which can greatly save investment and engineering cost, and directly use concentrated seawater for electrodialysis to produce halogen.

基于电渗析法制盐的综合利用方式与盐田法制盐的方式相比，电渗析法节省了大量的土地，而且不受季节影响，可全年生产，投资少，节省人力。 The comprehensive utilization method of salt production based on electrodialysis method saves a large amount of land compared with the salt method of salt field method, and the electrodialysis method saves a large amount of land, and is not affected by the season, and can be produced all year round with less investment and labor saving.

3、基于直接提取水化学资源的综合利用方案 3. Comprehensive utilization plan based on direct extraction of water chemistry resources

由于传统的利用苦卤提取海水中的钾、溴、镁的方法受到田规模的限制，目前海水化学资源直接提取受到越来越多研究者的关注。若在浓海水进入电渗析制卤***之前进行钾、溴、镁等化学元素的提取，再将剩余的卤水通入电渗析***浓缩制卤，与浓海水直接电渗析浓缩制卤工艺相比，可大大提高化学资源的综合利用率。经过二十多年的努力，由我国自主研发 "改性沸石离子筛提钾核心技术 "，成功地突破了海水中钾的高选择性、高倍率富集和钾肥的高效、节能分离等一系列关键技术难题，开发出沸石离子筛法海水提取钾肥高效节能技术，并成功地完成了百吨级中试和工业试验，获得了可供大规模推广的产业化技术。研究结果表明，本技术海水中钾的富集率达 200倍，钾肥产品质量达进口优质钾肥标准，生产成本则较进口钾肥降低 20%，从而在国际上率先实现了海水提钾过技术经济关。应用该技术成果的 1万 t/ a海水提取硝酸钾工程已于日前建成投产，河北、山东等地企业也在积极筹建海水提钾万吨级产业化工程。 Since the traditional method of extracting potassium, bromine and magnesium from seawater by bitter brine is limited by the size of the field, the direct extraction of seawater chemical resources is attracting more and more researchers' attention. If the concentrated seawater enters the electrodialysis system to extract the chemical elements such as potassium, bromine and magnesium, and then the remaining brine is introduced into the electrodialysis system to concentrate the halogen, compared with the direct electrodialysis concentrated halogen process of concentrated seawater. Can greatly improve the comprehensive utilization of chemical resources. After more than 20 years of hard work, China's independent research and development of "modified zeolite ion sieve potassium core technology" successfully broke through the high selectivity of potassium in seawater, high rate enrichment and potash fertilizer efficient, energy-saving separation, etc. Key technical problems, the development of high-efficiency energy-saving technology of seawater extraction potassium fertilizer by zeolite ion sieve method, and successfully completed the 100-ton pilot and industrial test, and obtained industrialization technology for large-scale promotion. The research results show that the enrichment rate of potassium in seawater of this technology is 200 times, the quality of potassium fertilizer product reaches the standard of imported high-quality potassium fertilizer, and the production cost is reduced by 20% compared with imported potash fertilizer, thus achieving the international economic development of seawater potassium extraction. . The 10,000 t/a seawater extraction potassium nitrate project using this technology has been completed and put into operation recently, and enterprises in Hebei and Shandong are also actively planning to build a 10,000-ton industrialization project for seawater potassium extraction.

从海水中提取溴素的工艺技术有空气吹出法、溶剂萃取法、吸附法和沉淀法等。其中，工业化的主要工艺是由美国 DOW化学公司开发的空气吹出法，该工艺适用于中浓度海水中溴素的提取。其它的海水溴素提取技术如气态膜法提溴也有研究。 Processes for extracting bromine from seawater include air blowing, solvent extraction, adsorption, and precipitation. Among them, the main process of industrialization is the air blowing method developed by DOW Chemical Company of the United States, which is suitable for the extraction of bromine in medium-concentration seawater. Other seawater bromide extraction techniques such as the gas phase membrane extraction of bromine have also been studied.

利用沉淀法海水制取氢氧化镁、高纯氧化镁技术在国外经过几十年的发展，已形成数百万吨的产业化规模。 The technology of precipitating seawater to obtain magnesium hydroxide and high-purity magnesium oxide has been developed in foreign countries for several decades, and has formed an industrial scale of several million tons.

4. 反渗透一电渗析集成膜过程的综合利用 4. Comprehensive utilization of reverse osmosis-electrodialysis integrated membrane process

反渗透一电渗析集成膜过程的海水综合利用技术创新提案：先将预处理后的原海水通入多价离子吸附塔，将碱土金属离子去除 60%，以防止高回收率的反渗透海水淡化时浓缩水中的 CaS04、 CaC03等沉淀结垢。然后利用高压反渗透进行海水淡化，海水回收率可达到 70% 〜80%。将反渗透浓水通入一价离子交换膜电渗析器进行一价与多价离子浓缩、分离，分离的溶液分别进入一价离子与多价离子吸附塔实现进一步分离和回收。该过程的工艺流程图如图 2所示，通过该过程，最终分别得到产品水、食盐、单价离子化合物和多价离子化合物。 Innovative proposal for comprehensive utilization of seawater in reverse osmosis-electrodialysis integrated membrane process: First, the pretreated raw seawater is passed into a multivalent ion adsorption tower to remove alkaline earth metal ions by 60% to prevent high recovery of reverse osmosis desalination. When the concentrated water, CaS04, CaC03, etc. precipitate precipitates. The seawater desalination is then carried out by high pressure reverse osmosis, and the seawater recovery rate can reach 70% to 80%. The reverse osmosis concentrated water is passed through a monovalent ion exchange membrane electrodialyser for monovalent and multivalent ion concentration, separation, and separation of the solution into a monovalent ion and multivalent ion adsorption tower for further separation and recovery. The process flow chart of the process is shown in Fig. 2. Through the process, product water, salt, monovalent ion compound and multivalent ionic compound are finally obtained respectively.

5.浓海水用来灌溉高耐盐的植物也是浓海水利用的一个方向。这些植物可承受高于 35000mg/L的盐度，但是此法要注意对地下水和地表水的保护。有研究表明，在半干旱或半湿润易旱滨海地区，用海水直接灌溉耐盐经济植物，控制一定的灌溉定额，采取有效的调控措施，土壤盐分与水分会在一个理想的水平达到平衡，不会造成土壤严重盐渍化。 5. Concentrated seawater used to irrigate plants with high salt tolerance is also a direction for the use of concentrated seawater. These plants can withstand salinities above 35,000 mg/L, but this method requires attention to the protection of groundwater and surface water. Studies have shown that in semi-arid or semi-humid and drought-prone coastal areas, direct use of seawater to irrigate salt-tolerant economic plants, control certain irrigation quotas, and adopt effective control measures, soil salinity and water will reach equilibrium at an ideal level, Will cause serious soil salinization.

参照图 2，第二种装置包括： Referring to Figure 2, the second device includes:

【A2】、蓄水池 202，该蓄水池 202的海水进口 200设置有单向水闸 201 ; [A2], a reservoir 202, the seawater inlet 200 of the reservoir 202 is provided with a one-way sluice 201;

【B2】、水轮机 206，其进水口 205与所述蓄水池 202的出水口 203连通，出水口 207与大海连通；在水轮机 206的进水口 205和蓄水池 202的出水口 203之间设置有水闸 204，水闸连接有流量调节器 208 ; [B2], the water turbine 206, the water inlet 205 communicates with the water outlet 203 of the water reservoir 202, and the water outlet 207 communicates with the sea; and is disposed between the water inlet 205 of the water turbine 206 and the water outlet 203 of the water reservoir 202. There is a water gate 204, and the water gate is connected with a flow regulator 208;

【C2】、变速箱 212，该变速箱 212的动力输入轴 211通过联轴器 210与所述水轮机 206的动力输出轴 209连接； [C2], a gearbox 212, the power input shaft 211 of the gearbox 212 is coupled to the power take-off shaft 209 of the turbine 206 via a coupling 210;

【D2】、高压泵 216，其动力输入轴 215通过联轴器 214与所述变速箱 212的动力输出轴 213连接，所述高压泵 216的进水口 217通过第三单向阀 241与大海中的海水或蓄水池 202中的海水连通； [D2], the high pressure pump 216, the power input shaft 215 is connected to the power output shaft 213 of the transmission 212 through the coupling 214, and the water inlet 217 of the high pressure pump 216 passes through the third check valve 241 and the sea. The seawater or the seawater in the reservoir 202 is connected;

【E2】、反渗透膜组件 222，设置有淡水出口 229和浓海水出口 230，该反渗透膜组件 222的进水口 228 通过第一单向阀 220与所述高压泵 216的出水口 218连通，淡水出口 229连接有淡水收集罐 232; [E2], the reverse osmosis membrane module 222 is provided with a fresh water outlet 229 and a concentrated seawater outlet 230. The water inlet 228 of the reverse osmosis membrane module 222 communicates with the water outlet 218 of the high pressure pump 216 through the first one-way valve 220. The fresh water outlet 229 is connected to the fresh water collection tank 232;

【F2】、增压泵 225，其进水口 224通过第二单向阀 223与连通所述第一单向阀 220和高压泵 216的管路连通，增压泵 225的出水口 227与连通所述第一单向阀 220和反渗透膜组件 222的连接管路连通；【G2】、涡轮机 234，其进水口 231与所述反渗透膜组件 222的浓海水出口 230连通，出水口 233与大海连通； [F2], the booster pump 225, the water inlet 224 communicates with the pipeline connecting the first check valve 220 and the high pressure pump 216 through the second check valve 223, and the water outlet 227 and the communication port of the booster pump 225 The first check valve 220 and the reverse osmosis membrane module 222 are connected to the connecting line; [G2], the turbine 234, the water inlet 231 is in communication with the concentrated seawater outlet 230 of the reverse osmosis membrane module 222, and the water outlet 233 and the sea Connected

【H2】、发电机 238，该发电机 238的动力输入轴 237通过联轴器 236与涡轮机 234的动力输出轴 235 连接； [H2], generator 238, the power input shaft 237 of the generator 238 is coupled to the power take-off shaft 235 of the turbine 234 via the coupling 236;

【12】、蓄电池 239，该蓄电池 239的电源由发电机 238提供； [12], battery 239, the power source of the battery 239 is provided by the generator 238;

【J2】、电动机 226，该电动机 226的工作电源由蓄电池 239提供，所述电动机 226的动力输出轴 245 与所述增压泵 225的动力输入轴 244连接。 [J2], motor 226, the operating power of the motor 226 is provided by a battery 239, and the power output shaft 245 of the motor 226 is coupled to the power input shaft 244 of the boost pump 225.

本装置水轮机 206、高压泵 216、反渗透膜组件 222、涡轮机 234、发电机 238、水闸 204、流量调节器 208的工作原理与第一种装置的工作原理相同，海水粗过滤器 242、阻垢剂添加器 243、精密过滤器 219 和储能器 221的连接方式和作用也与第一种装置相同。 The working principle of the device turbine 206, the high pressure pump 216, the reverse osmosis membrane module 222, the turbine 234, the generator 238, the sluice 204, and the flow regulator 208 is the same as that of the first device, the seawater coarse filter 242, the scale inhibition The attachment mode and function of the agent adder 243, the precision filter 219, and the accumulator 221 are also the same as those of the first device.

增压泵 225形成分支水流，如果高压泵 216的出水口 218水压较高，则第一单向阀 220开启，第二单向阀 223关闭，高压水直接经第一单向阀 220流入反渗透膜组件 222的进水口 228，在高压泵 216的出水口 218水压不足时，则第一单向阀 220关闭，第二单向阀 223打开，同时增压泵 225在电动机 226的带动下工作，高压泵 216出水口的高压水经过第二单向阀 223流入增压泵 225的进水口 224，增压泵 225对高压水增压，增压后的高压海水流入反渗透膜组件 222的进水口 228。 The booster pump 225 forms a branching water flow. If the water pressure of the water outlet 218 of the high pressure pump 216 is high, the first check valve 220 is opened, the second check valve 223 is closed, and the high pressure water flows directly through the first check valve 220. The water inlet 228 of the permeable membrane module 222, the water outlet of the high pressure pump 216 When the water pressure of the port 218 is insufficient, the first one-way valve 220 is closed, the second one-way valve 223 is opened, and the booster pump 225 is operated by the motor 226, and the high-pressure water of the water outlet of the high-pressure pump 216 passes through the second one-way. The valve 223 flows into the water inlet 224 of the booster pump 225, and the booster pump 225 pressurizes the high pressure water, and the pressurized high pressure seawater flows into the water inlet 228 of the reverse osmosis membrane module 222.

参照图 3，第三种装置包括： Referring to Figure 3, the third device includes:

【A3】、蓄水池 302，该蓄水池 302的海水进口 300设置有单向水闸 301 ; [A3], a reservoir 302, the seawater inlet 300 of the reservoir 302 is provided with a one-way sluice 301;

【B3】、水轮机 306，其进水口 305与所述蓄水池 302的出水口 303连通，出水口 307与大海连通，水轮机 306的进水口 305与蓄水池 302的出水口 303之间设置有水闸 304，水闸 304连接有流量调节器 335 ; [B3], the water turbine 306, the water inlet 305 communicates with the water outlet 303 of the water reservoir 302, the water outlet 307 communicates with the sea, and the water inlet 305 of the water turbine 306 and the water outlet 303 of the water reservoir 302 are disposed between Sluice 304, sluice 304 is connected with a flow regulator 335;

【C3】、变速箱 311，该变速箱 311的动力输入轴 310通过联轴器 309与所述水轮机 306的动力输出轴 308连接； [C3], a gearbox 311, the power input shaft 310 of the gearbox 311 is coupled to the power take-off shaft 308 of the turbine 306 via a coupling 309;

【D3】、高压泵 336，其动力输入轴 314通过联轴器 313与所述变速箱 311的动力输出轴 312连接，所述高压泵 336的进水口 339通过第一单向阀 338与大海中的海水或蓄水池 302中的海水连通； [D3], a high pressure pump 336, whose power input shaft 314 is connected to the power output shaft 312 of the transmission 311 via a coupling 313, and the water inlet 339 of the high pressure pump 336 passes through the first check valve 338 and the sea. The seawater or the seawater in the reservoir 302 is connected;

【E3】、反渗透膜组件 317，设置有淡水出口 319和浓海水出口 320，该反渗透膜组件 317的进水口 318 与所述高压泵 336的出水口 337连通； [E3], the reverse osmosis membrane module 317 is provided with a fresh water outlet 319 and a concentrated seawater outlet 320, and the water inlet 318 of the reverse osmosis membrane module 317 is in communication with the water outlet 337 of the high pressure pump 336;

【F3】、增压泵 331，其进水口 341通过第二单向阀 340与大海中的海水或蓄水池 302中的海水连通，增压泵 331的出水口 342与连通所述高压泵 336和反渗透膜组件 317的连接管路连通； [F3], the booster pump 331, the water inlet 341 communicates with the seawater in the sea or the seawater in the reservoir 302 through the second check valve 340, and the water outlet 342 of the booster pump 331 communicates with the high pressure pump 336. Connecting with the connecting pipe of the reverse osmosis membrane module 317;

【G3】、涡轮机 323，其进水口 321与所述反渗透膜组件 317的浓海水出口 320连通，出水口 322与大海连通； [G3], the turbine 323, the water inlet 321 is in communication with the concentrated seawater outlet 320 of the reverse osmosis membrane module 317, and the water outlet 322 is connected to the sea;

【H3】、发电机 327，该发电机 327的动力输入轴 326通过联轴器 325与涡轮机 323的动力输出轴 324 连接，发电机 327的电能输出端可以接蓄电池 328和电网； [H3], generator 327, the power input shaft 326 of the generator 327 is connected to the power output shaft 324 of the turbine 323 through the coupling 325, and the power output end of the generator 327 can be connected to the battery 328 and the power grid;

【13】、蓄电池 328，该蓄电池 328的电源由发电机 327提供； [13], battery 328, the power of the battery 328 is provided by the generator 327;

【J3】、电动机 330，该电动机 330的工作电源由蓄电池 328提供，所述电动机 330的动力输出轴 344 与所述增压泵 331的动力输入轴 343连接。 [J3], the motor 330, the operating power of the motor 330 is supplied from a battery 328, and the power output shaft 344 of the motor 330 is connected to the power input shaft 343 of the booster pump 331.

本装置的工作模式与第二种装置相同，区别是增压泵 331从旁路补充水压，高压泵 336和增压泵 331 共用海水粗过滤器 334、阻垢剂添加器 332，并在阻垢剂添加器 332的进水端设置单向阀 333。精密过滤器 315和储能器 316的连接方式和作用也与第一种装置相同。 The working mode of the device is the same as that of the second device, except that the booster pump 331 supplements the water pressure from the bypass, and the high pressure pump 336 and the booster pump 331 share the seawater coarse filter 334 and the scale inhibitor adder 332, and are blocked. A check valve 333 is provided at the water inlet end of the scale adder 332. The connection and function of the precision filter 315 and the accumulator 316 are also the same as those of the first device.

如果高压泵 336出口的水压较高，则第二单向阀 340关闭，增压泵 331不工作，***完全靠高压泵 336 提供高压水；如果高压泵 336出口 337的水压不足，则第二单向阀 340打开，增压泵 331工作，从旁路补充高压水， ***靠高压泵 336和增压泵 331提供高压水，确保反渗透膜组件 317内的水压稳定。 If the water pressure at the outlet of the high pressure pump 336 is high, the second check valve 340 is closed, the boost pump 331 is not operating, and the system is completely supplied with high pressure water by the high pressure pump 336; if the water pressure at the outlet 337 of the high pressure pump 336 is insufficient, then The two check valve 340 is opened, the booster pump 331 is operated, the high pressure water is replenished from the bypass, and the system is supplied with high pressure water by the high pressure pump 336 and the booster pump 331 to ensure the water pressure in the reverse osmosis membrane module 317 is stabilized.

同样，本***中的增压泵 331也可以单独通过电动机 330带动工作，在高压泵 336不工作的情况下，单独提供***工作所需要的高压海水，确保***在需要时工作。 Similarly, the booster pump 331 in the system can also be driven by the motor 330 alone. When the high pressure pump 336 is not operating, the high pressure seawater required for the system operation can be separately provided to ensure that the system works when needed.

参照图 4，第四种装置包括： Referring to Figure 4, the fourth device includes:

【A4】、蓄水池 402，该蓄水池 402的海水进口 400设置有单向水闸 401 ; [A4], a reservoir 402, the seawater inlet 400 of the reservoir 402 is provided with a one-way sluice 401;

【B4】、水轮机 406，其进水口 405与所述蓄水池 402的出水口 403连通，出水口 407与大海连通；【C4】、变速箱 413，其动力输入轴 410通过联轴器 409与所述水轮机 406的动力输出轴 408连接；所述变速箱 413的动力输入轴 410设置有两组主动齿轮 412、 414，对应的也设置有两组从动齿轮 453、 452，其中一组从动齿轮 453可与其中一组主动齿轮 414啮合或分离，另一组从动齿轮 452可与另一组主动齿轮 412啮合或分离，所述两组从动齿轮 453、 452各设置有一动力输出轴 415、 446；从动齿轮 452、 453与主动齿轮 412、 414实现啮合或分离的方式有很多种，如在主动齿轮 412、 414和从动齿轮 452、 453之间设置离合器，或者从动齿轮 452、 453保持不动，主动齿轮 412、 414轴向运动，或者主动齿轮 412、 414保持不动，从动齿轮 453、 452轴向运动均能实现离合。 [B4], the water turbine 406, the water inlet 405 communicates with the water outlet 403 of the reservoir 402, and the water outlet 407 communicates with the sea; [C4], the gearbox 413, the power input shaft 410 passes through the coupling 409 and The power output shaft 408 of the water turbine 406 is connected; the power input shaft 410 of the gearbox 413 is provided with two sets of driving gears 412, 414, correspondingly also provided with two sets of driven gears 453, 452, one of which is driven The gear 453 can be meshed with or disengaged from one of the drive gears 414, and the other set of driven gears 452 can be meshed or disengaged from another set of drive gears 412, each of which is provided with a power take-off shaft 415 446; the driven gears 452, 453 are engaged or disengaged from the driving gears 412, 414, such as a clutch, or a driven gear 452, between the driving gears 412, 414 and the driven gears 452, 453, The 453 remains stationary, the drive gears 412, 414 move axially, or the drive gears 412, 414 remain stationary, and the driven gears 453, 452 move axially to achieve clutching.

【D4】、第一高压泵 451，其动力输入轴 417通过联轴器 416与所述变速箱 413的其中一动力输出轴 415连接，所述第一高压泵 451的进水口 450通过第一单向阀 455与大海中的海水或蓄水池 402中的海水连通； [D4], the first high-pressure pump 451, the power input shaft 417 is connected to one of the power output shafts 415 of the gearbox 413 through the coupling 416, and the water inlet 450 of the first high-pressure pump 451 passes the first single The valve 455 is in communication with seawater in the sea or seawater in the reservoir 402;

【E4】、第二高压泵 443，该第二高压泵 443的功率小于所述第一高压泵 451的功率，所述第二高压泵 443的动力输入轴 444通过联轴器 445与所述变速箱 413的另一动力输出轴 446连接，所述第二高压泵 443 的进水口 448通过第二单向阀 442与大海中的海水或蓄水池 402中的海水连通；【F4】、两组反渗透膜组件 420、 436, 分别设置有淡水出口 423、 424和浓海水出口 422、 437，其中一组反渗透膜组件 420的进水口 421与连通所述第一高压泵 451出水口 454和第二高压泵 443出水口 449 的管路连通，另一组反渗透膜组件 436的进水口 438通过电磁阀 435与连通所述第一高压泵 451出水口 454 和第二高压泵 443出水口 449的管路连通，两组反渗透膜组件 420、 436的淡水出口 423、 424连接有淡水收集罐 425 ; [E4], the second high pressure pump 443, the power of the second high pressure pump 443 is less than the power of the first high pressure pump 451, the power input shaft 444 of the second high pressure pump 443 passes through the coupling 445 and the shifting Another power output shaft 446 of the tank 413 is connected, and the water inlet 448 of the second high pressure pump 443 communicates with seawater in the sea or seawater in the reservoir 402 through the second one-way valve 442; [F4], two sets of reverse osmosis membrane modules 420, 436, respectively provided with fresh water outlets 423, 424 and concentrated seawater outlets 422, 437, wherein a set of reverse osmosis membrane modules 420 inlet 421 and the first high pressure pump The 451 water outlet 454 is in communication with the conduit of the second high pressure pump 443 outlet 449, and the water inlet 438 of the other set of reverse osmosis membrane modules 436 is connected to the first high pressure pump 451 outlet 454 and the second high pressure via a solenoid valve 435. The pipeline of the water outlet 449 of the pump 443 is connected, and the fresh water outlets 425 and 424 of the two sets of reverse osmosis membrane modules 420 and 436 are connected with a fresh water collection tank 425;

【G4】、涡轮机 428，其进水口 427与所述两组反渗透膜组件 420、 436的浓海水出口 422、 437连通，涡轮机 428的出水口 426与大海连通； [G4], turbine 428, whose water inlet 427 is in communication with the concentrated seawater outlets 422, 437 of the two sets of reverse osmosis membrane modules 420, 436, and the water outlet 426 of the turbine 428 is in communication with the sea;

【H4】、发电机 432，该发电机 432的动力输入轴 431通过联轴器 430与涡轮机 428的动力输出轴 429 连接，该发电机可连接蓄电池 433或电网； [H4], the generator 432, the power input shaft 431 of the generator 432 is connected to the power output shaft 429 of the turbine 428 through the coupling 430, and the generator can be connected to the battery 433 or the power grid;

第一高压泵 451、第二高压泵 443的进水端设置有海水粗过滤器 440、阻垢剂添加器 439，并在粗过滤器 440的进水端设置有单向阀 441，精密过滤器 418和储能器 419的连接方式和作用也与前几种装置相同。 The water inlet end of the first high pressure pump 451 and the second high pressure pump 443 is provided with a seawater coarse filter 440, a scale inhibitor adder 439, and a check valve 441 is provided at the water inlet end of the coarse filter 440, and the precision filter is provided. The connection and function of the 418 and the accumulator 419 are also the same as those of the prior devices.

这种结构的变速箱有三种工作状态：一、主动齿轮 414与从动齿轮 453不啮合，主动齿轮 412与从动齿轮 452也不啮合；二、主动齿轮 414与从动齿轮 453啮合，主动齿轮 412与从动齿轮 452不啮合；三、主动齿轮 414与从动齿轮 453不啮合，主动齿轮 412与从动齿轮 452啮合。 The gearbox of this structure has three working states: 1. The driving gear 414 does not mesh with the driven gear 453, and the driving gear 412 and the driven gear 452 do not mesh; 2. The driving gear 414 meshes with the driven gear 453, the driving gear 412 does not mesh with the driven gear 452; 3. The driving gear 414 does not mesh with the driven gear 453, and the driving gear 412 meshes with the driven gear 452.

水轮机 406开动之前，变速箱 413处于工作状态一，第一高压泵 451和第二高压泵 443都不工作。本装置的第一种工作模式是：当蓄水池 402内的水面与海平面的水面之差较大，水轮机 406输出功大的情况下，变速箱 413处于工作状态二，第二单向阀 442关闭，第一单向阀 455开启，电磁阀 435开启，海水从高压泵 451的进水口 450进入并被增压，高压海水从高压泵 451的出水口 454流出，同时进入反渗透膜组件 420的进水口 421和反渗透膜组件 436的进水口 438，两组反渗透膜组件 420、 436都参与工作，两组反渗透膜组件 420、 436的浓海水从浓海水出口 422、 437流入涡轮机 428内，冲击涡轮机 428转动并带动发电机 432发电。 Before the turbine 406 is started, the transmission 413 is in operation 1, and the first high pressure pump 451 and the second high pressure pump 443 are not operating. The first mode of operation of the device is: when the difference between the water surface in the reservoir 402 and the sea level is large, and the output of the turbine 406 is large, the gearbox 413 is in the working state 2, the second check valve 442 is closed, the first check valve 455 is opened, the solenoid valve 435 is opened, seawater enters from the water inlet 450 of the high pressure pump 451 and is pressurized, and the high pressure seawater flows out from the water outlet 454 of the high pressure pump 451 while entering the reverse osmosis membrane module 420. The water inlet 421 and the water inlet 438 of the reverse osmosis membrane module 436, the two sets of reverse osmosis membrane modules 420, 436 are all involved, and the concentrated seawater of the two sets of reverse osmosis membrane modules 420, 436 flows from the concentrated seawater outlets 422, 437 into the turbine 428. Inside, the impact turbine 428 rotates and drives the generator 432 to generate electricity.

本装置的第二种工作模式是：当蓄水池 402内的水面与海平面的水面之差较小，水轮机 406输出功小的情况下，变速箱 413处于工作状态三，这时第一单向阀 455关闭，第二单向阀 442开启，电磁阀 435关闭，海水从第二高压泵 443的进水口 448进入并被增压，高压海水从第二高压泵 443的出水口 449流出，进入反渗透膜组件 420的进水口 421，反渗透膜组件 420工作，另一组反渗透膜组件 436不工作，反渗透膜组件 420的浓海水从浓海水出口 422流入涡轮机 428内，冲击涡轮机 428转动并带动发电机 432发电。 The second mode of operation of the device is: when the difference between the water surface in the reservoir 402 and the sea level is small, and the output of the turbine 406 is small, the gearbox 413 is in the working state three, then the first single The valve 455 is closed, the second check valve 442 is opened, the solenoid valve 435 is closed, the seawater enters from the water inlet 448 of the second high pressure pump 443 and is pressurized, and the high pressure seawater flows out from the water outlet 449 of the second high pressure pump 443. The water inlet 421 of the reverse osmosis membrane module 420, the reverse osmosis membrane module 420 operates, and the other group of reverse osmosis membrane modules 436 do not operate. The concentrated seawater of the reverse osmosis membrane module 420 flows from the concentrated seawater outlet 422 into the turbine 428, and the impact turbine 428 rotates. And the generator 432 is driven to generate electricity.

以上的四种装置是利用了退潮后蓄水池中的高位海水在流向大海的过程中冲击水轮机转动，由于涨潮时，大海中的高位海水在流向所述蓄水池内的过程中也能冲击水轮机转动，因此退潮和涨潮两种状态的潮汐能都应当被利用，下面的四种装置可以利用退潮和涨潮的能量。 The above four devices utilize the high seawater in the reservoir after the ebb tide to impact the turbine in the process of flowing to the sea. Due to the high tide, the high seawater in the sea can also impact the turbine during the flow to the reservoir. Rotation, so the tides of both low tide and high tide should be utilized. The following four devices can utilize the energy of low tide and high tide.

参照图 5，第五种装置包括： Referring to Figure 5, the fifth device includes:

【A5】、蓄水池 500，该蓄水池 500设置有进水管路 505和出水管路 506，所述进水管路 505和出水管路 506上分别设置有第一电磁阀 501和第二电磁阀 543 ; [A5], a water reservoir 500, the water storage tank 500 is provided with a water inlet pipe 505 and a water outlet pipe 506, and the water inlet pipe 505 and the water outlet pipe 506 are respectively provided with a first electromagnetic valve 501 and a second electromagnetic Valve 543;

【B5】、第一水轮机 503，设置在所述蓄水池 500的进水管路 505上； [B5], the first water turbine 503 is disposed on the water inlet pipe 505 of the water reservoir 500;

【C5】、第二水轮机 504，设置在所述蓄水池 500的出水管路 506上； [C5], a second water turbine 504, disposed on the water outlet pipe 506 of the water reservoir 500;

【D5】、传动箱 509，该传动箱 509设置有两组输入端主动齿轮 508、 544和一组输入端从动齿轮 540，所述输入端从动齿轮 540可分别与其中一组输入端主动齿轮 508、 544啮合或分离，所述输入端主动齿轮 508、 544各设置有一动力输入轴 546、 548，这两个动力输入轴 546、 548即为传动箱 509的两个动力输入轴，所述传动箱 509的其中一动力输入轴 548通过联轴器 541与第一水轮机 503的动力输出轴 547连接，另一动力输入轴 546通过联轴器 507与第二水轮机 504的动力输出轴 545连接； [D5], a transmission box 509, the transmission box 509 is provided with two sets of input drive gears 508, 544 and a set of input driven gears 540, the input driven gear 540 can be active with one of the input ends The gears 508, 544 are engaged or disengaged, and the input drive gears 508, 544 are each provided with a power input shaft 546, 548. The two power input shafts 546, 548 are two power input shafts of the transmission box 509, One of the power input shafts 548 of the transmission case 509 is coupled to the power output shaft 547 of the first water turbine 503 through a coupling 541, and the other power input shaft 546 is coupled to the power output shaft 545 of the second water turbine 504 via a coupling 507;

【E5】、变速箱 514，该变速箱 514的动力输入轴 513通过联轴器 512与所述传动箱 509的动力输出轴 510连接； [E5], a gearbox 514, the power input shaft 513 of the gearbox 514 is coupled to the power take-off shaft 510 of the transmission case 509 via a coupling 512;

【F5】、高压泵 518，其动力输入轴 516通过联轴器 517与所述变速箱 514的动力输出轴 515连接，所述高压泵 518的进水口 525与大海中的海水或蓄水池 500中的海水连通； [F5], a high pressure pump 518 whose power input shaft 516 is coupled to the power output shaft 515 of the transmission 514 via a coupling 517, the water inlet 525 of the high pressure pump 518 and the seawater or reservoir 500 in the sea. The seawater in the middle;

【G5】、反渗透膜组件 529，设置有淡水出口 527和浓海水出口 528，淡水出口 527连接有淡水收集罐 [G5], reverse osmosis membrane module 529, with fresh water outlet 527 and concentrated seawater outlet 528, fresh water outlet 527 connected with fresh water collection tank

531 , 该反渗透膜组件 529的进水口 526与所述高压泵 518的出水口 524连通；【H5】、涡轮机 532，其进水口 530与所述反渗透膜组件 529的浓海水出口 528连通，出水口 535与大海连通； 531, the water inlet 526 of the reverse osmosis membrane module 529 is in communication with the water outlet 524 of the high pressure pump 518; [H5], the turbine 532, the water inlet 530 is in communication with the concentrated seawater outlet 528 of the reverse osmosis membrane module 529, and the water outlet 535 is connected to the sea;

【15】、发电机 537，该发电机 537的动力输入轴 534通过联轴器 536与涡轮机 532的动力输出轴 533 连接，发电机连接有蓄电池 538，多余的电能也可以直接送入电网。 [15], the generator 537, the power input shaft 534 of the generator 537 is connected to the power output shaft 533 of the turbine 532 through the coupling 536, and the battery 538 is connected to the generator, and excess electric energy can also be directly sent to the power grid.

这种装置变速箱 514、高压泵 518、反渗透膜组件 529、涡轮机 532和发电机 537的工作原理与方式与第一种装置相同，高压泵 518的进水端设置有海水粗过滤器 520、阻垢剂添加器 519，单向阀 521、精密过滤器 523和储能器 522的连接方式和作用也与第一种装置相同。 The operation principle and mode of the device gearbox 514, the high pressure pump 518, the reverse osmosis membrane module 529, the turbine 532 and the generator 537 are the same as those of the first device. The inlet end of the high pressure pump 518 is provided with a seawater coarse filter 520, The scale inhibitor addition 519, the check valve 521, the precision filter 523, and the accumulator 522 are also connected and function in the same manner as the first device.

本装置设有两台水轮机 503、 504，第一电磁阀 501和第二电磁阀 543也分别连接有一流量调节器 502、 542，流量调节器 502、 542分别控制第一电磁阀 501和第二电磁阀 543的开度，控制原理与第一种装置的原理相同。 The device is provided with two hydraulic turbines 503, 504. The first electromagnetic valve 501 and the second electromagnetic valve 543 are also respectively connected with a flow regulator 502, 542. The flow regulators 502, 542 respectively control the first electromagnetic valve 501 and the second electromagnetic The opening degree of the valve 543 is the same as that of the first device.

当***不工作时，第一电磁阀 501和第二电磁阀 543关闭。 When the system is not operating, the first solenoid valve 501 and the second solenoid valve 543 are closed.

涨潮时，大海中海水的水位高于蓄水池 500中海水的水位，第一电磁阀 501打开，第二电磁阀 543关闭，大海中的海水通过第一水轮机 503流入蓄水池 500的过程中，冲击第一水轮机 503转动，此时输入端主动齿轮 544与输入端从动齿轮 540啮合，输入端主动齿轮 508与输入端从动齿轮 540分离，第一水轮机 503通过传动箱 509、变速箱 514带动高压泵 518工作，工作方式与第一种装置相同。 At high tide, the water level of the sea water in the sea is higher than the water level of the sea water in the water storage tank 500, the first electromagnetic valve 501 is opened, the second electromagnetic valve 543 is closed, and the seawater in the sea flows into the water storage tank 500 through the first water turbine 503. The first turbine 503 is rotated, and the input driving gear 544 is meshed with the input driven gear 540. The input driving gear 508 is separated from the input driven gear 540. The first turbine 503 passes through the transmission box 509 and the transmission 514. The high pressure pump 518 is driven to work in the same manner as the first device.

退潮后，蓄水池 500中海水的水位高于大海中海水的水位，第一电磁阀 501关闭，第二电磁阀 543打开，蓄水池 500中的海水通过第二水轮机 504流入大海的过程中，冲击第二水轮机 504转动，此时输入端主动齿轮 544与输入端从动齿轮 540分离，输入端主动齿轮 508与输入端从动齿轮 540啮合，第二水轮机 504通过传动箱 509、变速箱 514带动高压泵 518工作，工作方式与涨潮时相同。 After the ebb tide, the water level of the seawater in the water storage tank 500 is higher than the water level of the sea water in the sea, the first electromagnetic valve 501 is closed, the second electromagnetic valve 543 is opened, and the seawater in the water storage tank 500 flows into the sea through the second water turbine 504. The second hydraulic turbine 504 is driven to rotate. At this time, the input driving gear 544 is separated from the input driven gear 540, the input driving gear 508 is meshed with the input driven gear 540, and the second turbine 504 passes through the transmission box 509 and the transmission 514. Drive the high pressure pump 518 to work in the same way as during high tide.

输入端主动齿轮 544、输入端主动齿轮 508和输入端从动齿轮 540分离与啮合可以通过离合器实现，也可以采用第四种装置的变速箱 413结构实现。 The input drive gear 544, the input drive gear 508 and the input drive gear 540 can be disengaged and engaged by a clutch or by a fourth type of gearbox 413 configuration.

参照图 6，第六种装置包括： Referring to Figure 6, the sixth device includes:

【A6】、蓄水池 600，该蓄水池 600设置有进水管路 605和出水管路 606，所述进水管路 605和出水管路 606上分别设置有第一电磁阀 601和第二电磁阀 643，第一电磁阀 601和第二电磁阀 643也分别连接有流量调节器 602、 644； [A6], a water storage tank 600, the water storage tank 600 is provided with a water inlet pipe 605 and a water outlet pipe 606, and the water inlet pipe 605 and the water outlet pipe 606 are respectively provided with a first electromagnetic valve 601 and a second electromagnetic Valve 643, the first solenoid valve 601 and the second solenoid valve 643 are also connected to the flow regulators 602, 644;

【B6】、第一水轮机 603，设置在所述蓄水池 600的进水管路 605上； [B6], the first water turbine 603 is disposed on the water inlet pipe 605 of the water reservoir 600;

【C6】、第二水轮机 604，设置在所述蓄水池 600的出水管路 606上； [C6], a second water turbine 604, disposed on the water outlet pipe 606 of the water reservoir 600;

【D6】传动箱 648，该传动箱 648设置有两组输入端主动齿轮 607、 646和一组输入端从动齿轮 647，所述输入端从动齿轮 647可分别与其中一组输入端主动齿轮 607、 646啮合或分离，所述输入端主动齿轮 607、 646各设置有一动力输入轴 650、 649，所述传动箱 648的其中一动力输入轴 649通过联轴器 645与第一水轮机 603的动力输出轴 652连接，另一动力输入轴 650通过联轴器 642与第二水轮机 604的动力输出轴 651连接； [D6] a transmission case 648, the transmission case 648 is provided with two sets of input end drive gears 607, 646 and a set of input end driven gears 647, and the input end driven gears 647 can be respectively coupled with one of the input end drive gears 607, 646 are engaged or disengaged, and the input driving gears 607, 646 are each provided with a power input shaft 650, 649, and one of the power input shafts 649 of the transmission box 648 passes through the coupling 645 and the power of the first water turbine 603. The output shaft 652 is connected, and the other power input shaft 650 is coupled to the power output shaft 651 of the second water turbine 604 through the coupling 642;

【E6】、变速箱 611，该变速箱 611的动力输入轴 610通过联轴器 609与所述传动箱 648的动力输出轴 608连接； [E6], gearbox 611, the power input shaft 610 of the gearbox 611 is coupled to the power take-off shaft 608 of the transmission case 648 via a coupling 609;

【F6】、高压泵 619，其动力输入轴 614通过联轴器 613与所述变速箱 611的动力输出轴 612连接，所述高压泵 619的进水口 620依次通过阻垢剂添加器 623、海水粗过滤器 622和单向阀 624与大海中的海水或蓄水池 600中的海水连通； [F6], the high pressure pump 619, the power input shaft 614 is connected to the power output shaft 612 of the gearbox 611 through the coupling 613, and the water inlet 620 of the high pressure pump 619 sequentially passes through the scale inhibitor adder 623, seawater. The coarse filter 622 and the one-way valve 624 are in communication with seawater in the sea or seawater in the reservoir 600;

【G6】、反渗透膜组件 618，设置有淡水出口 631和浓海水出口 632，淡水出口 631连接有淡水收集灌 634, 该反渗透膜组件 618的进水口 630通过第一单向阀 616与所述高压泵 619的出水口 621连通，在反渗透膜组件 618和高压泵 619的连接管路上设置有精密过滤器 615和储能器 617 ; [G6], the reverse osmosis membrane module 618 is provided with a fresh water outlet 631 and a concentrated seawater outlet 632, and the fresh water outlet 631 is connected with a fresh water collection irrigation 634. The water inlet 630 of the reverse osmosis membrane module 618 passes through the first one-way valve 616 and the The water outlet 621 of the high pressure pump 619 is connected, and a precision filter 615 and an accumulator 617 are disposed on the connecting pipeline of the reverse osmosis membrane module 618 and the high pressure pump 619;

【H6】、增压泵 625，其进水口 627通过第二单向阀 628与连通所述第一单向阀 616和高压泵 619的管路连通，增压泵 625的出水口 629与连通所述第一单向阀 616和反渗透膜组件 618的连接管路连通； [H6], the booster pump 625, the water inlet 627 communicates with the pipeline connecting the first check valve 616 and the high pressure pump 619 through the second check valve 628, the water outlet 629 of the booster pump 625 and the communication center The first check valve 616 and the connecting pipe of the reverse osmosis membrane module 618 are in communication;

【16】、涡轮机 636, 其进水口 633与所述反渗透膜组件 618的浓海水出口 632连通，出水口 635与大海连通； [16], turbine 636, its water inlet 633 is in communication with the concentrated seawater outlet 632 of the reverse osmosis membrane module 618, and the water outlet 635 is connected to the sea;

【J6】、发电机 640，该发电机 640的动力输入轴 639通过联轴器 638与涡轮机 636的动力输出轴 637 连接，发电机 640的电能输出端连接有蓄电池 641和电网；【K6】、蓄电池 641，该蓄电池 641的电源由发电机 640提供； [J6], the generator 640, the power input shaft 639 of the generator 640 is connected to the power output shaft 637 of the turbine 636 through the coupling 638, and the power output end of the generator 640 is connected with the battery 641 and the power grid; [K6], battery 641, the power of the battery 641 is provided by the generator 640;

【L6】、电动机 626，该电动机 626的工作电源由蓄电池 641提供，所述电动机 626的动力输出轴 654 与所述增压泵 625的动力输入轴 653连接。 [L6], motor 626, the operating power of the motor 626 is provided by a battery 641, and the power output shaft 654 of the motor 626 is coupled to the power input shaft 653 of the booster pump 625.

这种装置的水轮机、传动箱部分工作原理与第五种装置相同，其他部分的工作原理与第二种装置相同。参见图 7，第七种装置包括： The working principle of the turbine and the transmission case of this device is the same as that of the fifth device, and the working principle of the other parts is the same as that of the second device. See Figure 7, the seventh device includes:

【A7】、蓄水池 700，该蓄水池 700设置有进水管路 705和出水管路 706，所述进水管路 705和出水管路 706上分别设置有第一电磁阀 701和第二电磁阀 732，第一电磁阀 701和第二电磁阀 732分别连接有流量调节器 702、 733； [A7], a water reservoir 700, the water storage tank 700 is provided with a water inlet pipe 705 and a water outlet pipe 706, and the water inlet pipe 705 and the water outlet pipe 706 are respectively provided with a first electromagnetic valve 701 and a second electromagnetic The valve 732, the first solenoid valve 701 and the second solenoid valve 732 are connected to the flow regulators 702, 733;

【B7】、第一水轮机 703，设置在所述蓄水池 700的进水管路 705上； [B7], the first water turbine 703 is disposed on the water inlet pipe 705 of the water reservoir 700;

【C7】、第二水轮机 704，设置在所述蓄水池 700的出水管路 706上； [C7], a second water turbine 704, disposed on the water outlet pipe 706 of the water reservoir 700;

【D7】、传动箱 736，该传动箱 736设置有两组输入端主动齿轮 708、 735和一组输入端从动齿轮 749，所述输入端从动齿轮 749可分别与其中一组输入端主动齿轮 708、 735啮合或分离，所述输入端主动齿轮 708、 735各设置有一动力输入轴 750、 752，所述传动箱 749的其中一动力输入轴 752通过联轴器 734与第一水轮机 703的动力输出轴 753连接，另一动力输入轴 750通过联轴器 707与第二水轮机 704的动力输出轴 751连接； [D7], a transmission case 736, the transmission case 736 is provided with two sets of input end drive gears 708, 735 and a set of input end driven gears 749, the input end driven gears 749 can be active with one of the input ends respectively The gears 708, 735 are meshed or disengaged, and the input drive gears 708, 735 are each provided with a power input shaft 750, 752. One of the power input shafts 752 of the transmission case 749 passes through the coupling 734 and the first water turbine 703. The power output shaft 753 is connected, and the other power input shaft 750 is coupled to the power output shaft 751 of the second water turbine 704 through the coupling 707;

【E7】、变速箱 712，该变速箱 712的动力输入轴 711通过联轴器 710与所述传动箱 736的动力输出轴 709连接； [E7], a gearbox 712, the power input shaft 711 of the gearbox 712 is coupled to the power take-off shaft 709 of the transmission case 736 via a coupling 710;

【F7】、高压泵 737，其动力输入轴 715通过联轴器 714与所述变速箱 712的动力输出轴 713连接，所述高压泵 737的进水口 740依次通过第一单向阀 741、阻垢剂添加器 738、海水粗过滤器 748和单向阀 747 与大海中的海水或蓄水池 700中的海水连通； [F7], the high pressure pump 737, the power input shaft 715 is connected to the power output shaft 713 of the gearbox 712 through the coupling 714, and the water inlet 740 of the high pressure pump 737 sequentially passes through the first check valve 741, the resistance A scale adder 738, a seawater coarse filter 748, and a check valve 747 are in communication with seawater in the sea or seawater in the reservoir 700;

【G7】、反渗透膜组件 718，设置有淡水出口 720和浓海水出口 721，淡水出口 720连接有淡水收集灌 723 , 该反渗透膜组件 718的进水口 719与所述高压泵 737的出水口 739连通；反渗透膜组件 718的进水端设置有精密过滤器 716和储能器 717 ; [G7], the reverse osmosis membrane module 718 is provided with a fresh water outlet 720 and a concentrated seawater outlet 721, and the fresh water outlet 720 is connected with a fresh water collection and irrigation tank 723. The water inlet 719 of the reverse osmosis membrane module 718 and the water outlet of the high pressure pump 737 739 is connected; the inlet end of the reverse osmosis membrane module 718 is provided with a precision filter 716 and an accumulator 717;

【H7】、增压泵 744，其进水口 743通过第二单向阀 742与大海中的海水或蓄水池 700中的海水连通，增压泵 744的出水口 754与连通所述高压泵 737和反渗透膜组件 718的连接管路连通，增压泵 744和高压泵 737共用一阻垢剂添加器 738、海水粗过滤器 748和单向阀 747 ; [H7], the booster pump 744, the water inlet 743 communicates with the seawater in the sea or the seawater in the reservoir 700 through the second check valve 742, and the water outlet 754 of the booster pump 744 communicates with the high pressure pump 737. The booster pump 744 and the high pressure pump 737 share a scale inhibitor adder 738, a seawater coarse filter 748 and a check valve 747;

【17】、涡轮机 724，其进水口 722与所述反渗透膜组件 718的浓海水出口 721连通，出水口 725与大海连通； [17] a turbine 724 having a water inlet 722 communicating with a concentrated seawater outlet 721 of the reverse osmosis membrane module 718, and a water outlet 725 communicating with the sea;

【J7】、发电机 729，该发电机 729的动力输入轴 728通过联轴器 727与涡轮机 724的动力输出轴 726 连接，发电机 729的电能输出端连接有蓄电池 730，多余的电能也可以送入电网； [J7], the generator 729, the power input shaft 728 of the generator 729 is connected to the power output shaft 726 of the turbine 724 through the coupling 727, and the battery 730 is connected to the power output end of the generator 729, and excess electric energy can also be sent. Into the grid;

【K7】、蓄电池 730，该蓄电池 730的电源由发电机 729提供； [K7], battery 730, the power of the battery 730 is provided by the generator 729;

【L7】、电动机 745，该电动机 745的工作电源由蓄电池 730提供，所述电动机 745的动力输出轴 756 与所述增压泵 744的动力输入轴 755连接。 [L7], motor 745, the operating power of the motor 745 is provided by a battery 730, and the power output shaft 756 of the motor 745 is coupled to the power input shaft 755 of the booster pump 744.

这种装置的水轮机、传动箱部分工作原理与第五种装置相同，其他部分的工作原理与第三种装置相同。参照图 8，第八种装置包括： The hydraulic turbine and transmission case of this device work in the same way as the fifth device, and the other parts work in the same way as the third device. Referring to Figure 8, the eighth device includes:

【A8】、蓄水池 800，该蓄水池 800设置有进水管路 805和出水管路 806，所述进水管路 805和出水管路 806上分别设置有第一电磁阀 801和第二电磁阀 858，第一电磁阀 801和第二电磁阀 858分别连接有流量调节器 802、 857； [A8], a water storage tank 800, the water storage tank 800 is provided with a water inlet pipe 805 and a water outlet pipe 806, and the water inlet pipe 805 and the water outlet pipe 806 are respectively provided with a first electromagnetic valve 801 and a second electromagnetic Valve 858, the first solenoid valve 801 and the second solenoid valve 858 are connected to the flow regulators 802, 857;

【B8】、第一水轮机 803，设置在所述蓄水池 800的进水管路 805上； [B8], a first water turbine 803, disposed on the water inlet pipe 805 of the water reservoir 800;

【C8】、第二水轮机 804，设置在蓄水池 800的出水管路 806上； [C8], a second turbine 804, disposed on the water outlet pipe 806 of the reservoir 800;

【D8】、传动箱 854，该传动箱 854设置有两组输入端主动齿轮 808、 855和一组输入端从动齿轮 859，所述输入端从动齿轮 859可分别与其中一组输入端主动齿轮 808、 855啮合或分离，所述输入端主动齿轮 808、 855各设置有一动力输入轴 860、 863，所述传动箱 854的其中一动力输入轴 863通过联轴器 856与第一水轮机 803的动力输出轴 862连接，另一动力输入轴 860通过联轴器 807与第二水轮机 804的动力输出轴 861连接； [D8], a transmission case 854, the transmission case 854 is provided with two sets of input end drive gears 808, 855 and a set of input end driven gears 859, the input end driven gear 859 can be active with one of the input ends respectively The gears 808, 855 are meshed or disengaged, and the input drive gears 808, 855 are each provided with a power input shaft 860, 863. One of the power input shafts 863 of the transmission case 854 passes through the coupling 856 and the first water turbine 803. The power output shaft 862 is connected, and the other power input shaft 860 is coupled to the power output shaft 861 of the second water turbine 804 through the coupling 807;

【E8】、变速箱 813，其动力输入轴 811通过联轴器 810与所述传动箱 854的动力输出轴 809连接；所述变速箱 813的动力输入轴 811设置有两组主动齿轮 812、 814，对应的也设置有两组从动齿轮 819、 818，其中一组从动齿轮 818可与其中一组主动齿轮 814啮合或分离，另一组从动齿轮 819可与另一组主动齿轮 812啮合或分离，所述两组从动齿轮 819、 818各设置有一动力输出轴 853、 815； [E8], a gearbox 813 whose power input shaft 811 is coupled to the power output shaft 809 of the transmission case 854 via a coupling 810; The power input shaft 811 of the transmission 813 is provided with two sets of driving gears 812, 814, correspondingly also provided with two sets of driven gears 819, 818, wherein a set of driven gears 818 can be engaged with one of the driving gears 814 or Separating, another set of driven gears 819 can be meshed with or separated from another set of drive gears 812, each of the two sets of driven gears 819, 818 is provided with a power output shaft 853, 815;

【F8】、第一高压泵 820，其动力输入轴 817通过联轴器 816与所述变速箱 813的其中一动力输出轴 815连接，所述第一高压泵 820的进水口 843依次通过第一单向阀 842、阻垢剂添加器 847、海水粗过滤器 848和单向阀 862与大海中的海水或蓄水池 800中的海水连通； [F8], the first high-pressure pump 820, the power input shaft 817 is connected to one of the power output shafts 815 of the gearbox 813 through the coupling 816, and the water inlet 843 of the first high-pressure pump 820 passes through the first The check valve 842, the scale inhibitor adder 847, the seawater coarse filter 848, and the check valve 862 are in communication with seawater in the sea or seawater in the reservoir 800;

【G8】、第二高压泵 850，该第二高压泵 850的功率小于所述第一高压泵 820的功率，所述第二高压泵 850的动力输入轴 851通过联轴器 852与所述变速箱 813的另一动力输出轴 853连接，所述第二高压泵 850的进水口 849也依次通过第二单向阀 846、阻垢剂添加器 847、海水粗过滤器 848和单向阀 862与大海中的海水或蓄水池 800中的海水连通； [G8], a second high-pressure pump 850, the power of the second high-pressure pump 850 is less than the power of the first high-pressure pump 820, and the power input shaft 851 of the second high-pressure pump 850 passes through the coupling 852 and the shifting The other power output shaft 853 of the tank 813 is connected, and the water inlet 849 of the second high pressure pump 850 is also sequentially passed through the second check valve 846, the scale inhibitor adder 847, the seawater coarse filter 848 and the check valve 862. The seawater in the sea or the seawater in the reservoir 800 is connected;

【H8】、两组反渗透膜组件 822、 837，分别设置有淡水出口 825、 826和浓海水出口 824、 838，淡水出口 825、 826连接有淡水收集灌 827，其中一组反渗透膜组件 822的进水口 823与连通所述第一高压泵 820出水口 844和第二高压泵 850出水口 845的管路连通，另一组反渗透膜组件 837的进水口 839通过电磁阀 840与连通所述第一高压泵 820出水口 844和第二高压泵 850出水口 845的管路连通；在反渗透膜组件 822、 837与第一高压泵 820、第二高压泵 850的连接主管道上设置有精密过滤器 821和储能器 841 ; [H8], two sets of reverse osmosis membrane modules 822, 837 are respectively provided with fresh water outlets 825, 826 and concentrated seawater outlets 824, 838, and fresh water outlets 825, 826 are connected with fresh water collection irrigation 827, wherein a group of reverse osmosis membrane modules 822 The water inlet 823 is in communication with a line connecting the first high pressure pump 820 water outlet 844 and the second high pressure pump 850 water outlet 845, and the water inlet 839 of the other set of reverse osmosis membrane modules 837 is connected to the water through the electromagnetic valve 840. The first high pressure pump 820 outlet 844 is in communication with the second high pressure pump 850 outlet 845; the reverse osmosis membrane modules 822, 837 are connected to the first high pressure pump 820 and the second high pressure pump 850. 821 and an accumulator 841;

【18】、涡轮机 828，其进水口 830与所述两组反渗透膜组件 822、 837的浓海水出口 824、 838连通，涡轮机 828的出水口 829与大海连通； [18], turbine 828, whose water inlet 830 is in communication with the concentrated seawater outlets 824, 838 of the two sets of reverse osmosis membrane modules 822, 837, and the water outlet 829 of the turbine 828 is in communication with the sea;

【J8】、发电机 834，该发电机 834的动力输入轴 833通过联轴器 832与涡轮机 828的动力输出轴 831 连接，发电机 834的电能输出端连接有蓄电池 835，多余的电能也可以送入电网。 [J8], the generator 834, the power input shaft 833 of the generator 834 is connected to the power output shaft 831 of the turbine 828 through the coupling 832, and the battery 835 is connected to the power output end of the generator 834, and excess electric energy can also be sent. Enter the grid.

这种装置的水轮机、传动箱部分工作原理与第五种装置相同，其他部分的工作原理与第四种装置相同。在上述的八种装置中，精过滤也可以放在高压泵之前，也可以放在高压泵之后。除对进入高压泵的海水粗过滤外，为了确保反渗透***的正常进行，水中的悬浮物 (SS；)、胶体物质和可溶性有机高分子物质、结垢性物质、金属氧化物、微生物和细菌等也应该在海水进入高压泵之前进行处理，因此，还应该在高压泵前增加杀生剂装置、絮凝剂装置、 PH调节装置、去除余氯装置，具体如下： The hydraulic turbine and transmission case of this device work in the same way as the fifth device, and the other parts work in the same way as the fourth device. In the above eight devices, the fine filtration can also be placed before the high pressure pump or after the high pressure pump. In addition to coarse filtration of seawater entering the high pressure pump, suspended solids (SS;), colloidal substances and soluble organic high molecular substances, fouling substances, metal oxides, microorganisms and bacteria Etc. should also be treated before the seawater enters the high pressure pump. Therefore, the biocide device, the flocculant device, the pH adjusting device, and the residual chlorine device should be added in front of the high pressure pump, as follows:

1、加杀生剂 1, add biocide

膜生物污染指海水中的细菌、藻类、真菌、病毒和其它高等生物利用浓缩富集在膜表面上的营养物质繁殖而形成生物膜的过程。 Membrane biofouling refers to the process by which bacteria, algae, fungi, viruses, and other higher organisms in seawater use a concentration of nutrients enriched on the surface of the membrane to reproduce to form a biofilm.

工程中常用的预处理措施是氯杀菌，采用的消毒剂为氯气、次氯酸钠或次氯酸钙，利用消毒剂水解产生的 OC1-离子及其与海水中氨氮反应生成的氯氨的杀菌作用，消灭水中的微生物。 The pretreatment measures commonly used in engineering are chlorine sterilization. The disinfectant used is chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite. The bactericidal action of OC1- ions generated by hydrolysis of disinfectant and its reaction with ammonia nitrogen in seawater is eliminated. Microorganisms in water.

2、加絮凝剂 2, adding flocculant

当原水所含悬浮物浓度大，淤积指数 SDI很高时（SDI值是判断胶体和颗粒污染程度的重要水质指标），可采用传统的絮凝沉淀处理工艺，由于海水 PH值较高，且水温季节性变化大，选用三氯化铁作为絮凝剂具有温度影响小，沉降速度快等优点。 When the concentration of suspended solids in raw water is large and the sedimentation index SDI is high (SDI value is an important water quality index for judging the degree of colloid and particle pollution), the traditional flocculation and sedimentation treatment process can be adopted, because the seawater PH value is high, and the water temperature season The change of sex is large, and the use of ferric chloride as flocculant has the advantages of small temperature influence and fast sedimentation speed.

3、 PH调节 3, PH adjustment

海水的 PH值大多在 6.8— 8.0之间，偏弱碱性。一般采用加酸的方法调节海水淡化的 PH值。 The pH of seawater is mostly between 6.8 and 8.0, which is weakly alkaline. The pH of seawater desalination is generally adjusted by adding acid.

4、余氯去除 4, residual chlorine removal

常用的的方法有： Commonly used methods are:

( 1 )、二氧化硫法； (1), sulfur dioxide method;

( 2 )、活性炭吸附：活性炭与水中余氯接触后的初期，去除余氯以吸附作用为主;达到吸附平衡后，余氯浓度继续下降则是由于化学反应的作用。接触时间越长、余氯初始浓度越高、 pH较低，活性炭去除余氯量越大。 (2) Activated carbon adsorption: In the initial stage after contact between activated carbon and residual chlorine in water, the residual chlorine is mainly removed by adsorption; after reaching the adsorption equilibrium, the residual chlorine concentration continues to decrease due to the chemical reaction. The longer the contact time, the higher the initial concentration of residual chlorine, and the lower the pH, the greater the amount of residual chlorine removed by the activated carbon.

5、精密过滤 5, precision filtration

采用聚丙烯纤维蜂房式管状滤芯过滤。聚丙烯滤芯广泛应用于水处理设备的重要元器件。耐酸，耐碱及耐其它有机溶剂的腐蚀。强度高，耐温性能好，过滤量、纳污量大，过滤效率 99.9%以上。 Filtered with polypropylene fiber honeycomb tube filter. Polypropylene filter cartridges are widely used in important components of water treatment equipment. Resistant to acids, alkalis and other organic solvents. High strength, good temperature resistance, large amount of filtration, large amount of dirt, and filtration efficiency of 99.9% or more.

基于本发明的原理，也可以有很多种其他结构的装置也能实现，以上的八种实施装置的具体结构不能限定本发明的保护范围，只要是依照本发明的保护范围所做的均等修饰与变化，仍然属于本发明创造涵盖的范围之内。 Based on the principles of the present invention, a wide variety of other configurations can also be implemented. The specific configurations of the above eight implementing devices are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, as long as the equivalent modifications are made according to the scope of the present invention. Change, still belongs to the creation of the invention Within the scope of.

Claims

权利要求书、一种利用潮汐能驱动的海水淡化及发电的方法，其特征在于：在海边建立蓄水池，利用涨潮时大海中的高位海水在流向所述蓄水池内的过程中和 /或退潮后蓄水池中的高位海水在流向大海的过程中冲击水轮机转动，水轮机带动高压泵工作产生高压海水，高压海水流经反渗透膜组件制取淡水，从反渗透膜组件中排出的高压浓海水冲击涡轮机转动，涡轮机带动发电机工作产生电能。 Claims, a method for utilizing tidal energy-driven seawater desalination and power generation, characterized by: establishing a reservoir at the seaside, utilizing high seawater in the sea during high tide to flow into the reservoir and/or After the ebb tide, the high seawater in the reservoir flows to the sea and impacts the turbine to rotate. The turbine drives the high pressure pump to produce high pressure seawater. The high pressure seawater flows through the reverse osmosis membrane module to produce fresh water. The high pressure is discharged from the reverse osmosis membrane module. The seawater impacts the turbine to rotate, and the turbine drives the generator to generate electricity.

、一种实现如权利要求 1所述方法的装置，其特征在于它包括： An apparatus for implementing the method of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises:

【F1】、涡轮机，其进水口与所述反渗透膜组件的浓海水出口连通，出水口与大海连通；【G1】、发电机，该发电机的动力输入轴与涡轮机的动力输出轴连接。 [F1], the turbine, the water inlet is connected with the concentrated seawater outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module, and the water outlet is connected with the sea; [G1], the generator, the power input shaft of the generator is connected with the power output shaft of the turbine.

【G2】、涡轮机，其进水口与所述反渗透膜组件的浓海水出口连通，出水口与大海连通；【H2】、发电机，该发电机的动力输入轴与涡轮机的动力输出轴连接； [G2], the turbine, the water inlet is connected with the concentrated seawater outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module, and the water outlet is connected with the sea; [H2], the generator, the power input shaft of the generator is connected with the power output shaft of the turbine;

【G3】、涡轮机，其进水口与所述反渗透膜组件的浓海水出口连通，出水口与大海连通；【H3】、发电机，该发电机的动力输入轴与涡轮机的动力输出轴连接； [G3], the turbine, the water inlet is connected with the concentrated seawater outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module, and the water outlet is connected with the sea; [H3], the generator, the power input shaft of the generator is connected with the power output shaft of the turbine;

【J3】、电动机，该电动机的工作电源由蓄电池提供，所述电动机的动力输出轴与所述增压泵的动力输入轴连接。 [J3], an electric motor, the operating power of the electric motor is provided by a battery, and the power output shaft of the electric motor and the power transmission of the boosting pump Inline connection.

一种实现如权利要求 1所述方法的装置，其特征在于它包括： An apparatus for implementing the method of claim 1 characterized in that it comprises:

【C4】、变速箱，其动力输入轴与所述水轮机的动力输出轴连接；所述变速箱的动力输入轴设置有两组主动齿轮，对应的也设置有两组从动齿轮，其中一组从动齿轮可与其中一组主动齿轮啮合或分离，另一组从动齿轮可与另一组主动齿轮啮合或分离，所述两组从动齿轮各设置有一动力输出轴；【D4】、第一高压泵，其动力输入轴与所述变速箱的其中一动力输出轴连接，所述第一高压泵的进水口通过第一单向阀与大海中的海水或蓄水池中的海水连通； [C4], the gearbox, the power input shaft is connected with the power output shaft of the water turbine; the power input shaft of the gearbox is provided with two sets of driving gears, and correspondingly, two sets of driven gears are also provided, one of which is The driven gear can be meshed or disengaged with one of the driving gears, and the other set of driven gears can be meshed or disengaged with another set of driven gears, each of which is provided with a power output shaft; [D4], a high-pressure pump having a power input shaft connected to one of the power output shafts of the gearbox, wherein the water inlet of the first high-pressure pump communicates with seawater in the sea or seawater in the reservoir through the first one-way valve;

【G4】、涡轮机，其进水口与所述两组反渗透膜组件的浓海水出口连通，涡轮机的出水口与大海连通；【H4】、发电机，该发电机的动力输入轴与涡轮机的动力输出轴连接。 [G4], the turbine, the water inlet is connected with the concentrated seawater outlet of the two sets of reverse osmosis membrane modules, and the water outlet of the turbine is connected with the sea; [H4], the generator, the power input shaft of the generator and the power of the turbine Output shaft connection.

【G6】、反渗透膜组件，设置有淡水出口和浓海水出口，该反渗透膜组件的进水口通过第一单向阀与所述高压泵的出水口连通； [G6], a reverse osmosis membrane module, provided with a fresh water outlet and a concentrated seawater outlet, the water inlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module passes through the first one-way valve The water outlet of the high pressure pump is connected;

8、一种实现如权利要求 1所述方法的装置，其特征在于它包括： 8. Apparatus for implementing the method of claim 1 including:

【D7】、传动箱，该传动箱设置有两组输入端主动齿轮和一组输入端从动齿轮，所述输入端从动齿轮可分别与其中一组输入端主动齿轮啮合或分离，所述输入端主动齿轮各设置有一动力输入轴，所述传动箱的其中一动力输入轴与第一水轮机的动力输出轴连接，另一动力输入轴与第二水轮机的动力输出轴连接； [D7], a transmission case, the transmission case is provided with two sets of input end drive gears and a set of input end driven gears, and the input end driven gears can respectively be meshed or separated from one of the input end drive gears, The input driving gears are each provided with a power input shaft, one of the power input shafts of the transmission box is connected with the power output shaft of the first water turbine, and the other power input shaft is connected with the power output shaft of the second water turbine;

【F7】、高压泵，其动力输入轴与所述变速箱的动力输出轴连接，所述高压泵的进水口通过第一单向阀与大海中的海水或蓄水池中的海水连通； [F7], a high-pressure pump, the power input shaft is connected to the power output shaft of the transmission, and the water inlet of the high-pressure pump communicates with the seawater in the sea or the seawater in the reservoir through the first one-way valve;

【G7】、反渗透膜组件，设置有淡水出口和浓海水出口，该反渗透膜组件的进水口与所述高压泵的出水口连通； [G7], a reverse osmosis membrane module, provided with a fresh water outlet and a concentrated seawater outlet, wherein the water inlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module is connected to the outlet of the high pressure pump;

9、一种实现如权利要求 1所述方法的装置，其特征在于它包括： 9. Apparatus for implementing the method of claim 1 including:

【D8】、传动箱，该传动箱设置有两组输入端主动齿轮和一组输入端从动齿轮，所述输入端从动齿轮可分别与其中一组输入端主动齿轮啮合或分离，所述输入端主动齿轮各设置有一动力输入轴，所述传动箱的其中一动力输入轴与第一水轮机的动力输出轴连接，另一动力输入轴与第二水轮机的动力输出轴连接； [D8], a transmission case, the transmission case is provided with two sets of input end drive gears and a set of input end driven gears, and the input end driven gears can be respectively meshed or separated from one of the input end drive gears, The input driving gears are each provided with a power input shaft, one of the power input shafts of the transmission box is connected with the power output shaft of the first water turbine, and the other power input shaft is connected with the power output shaft of the second water turbine;

【E8】、变速箱，其动力输入轴与所述传动箱的动力输出轴连接；所述变速箱的动力输入轴设置有两组主动齿轮，对应的也设置有两组从动齿轮，其中一组从动齿轮可与其中一组主动齿轮啮合或分离，另一组从动齿轮可与另一组主动齿轮啮合或分离，所述两组从动齿轮各设置有一动力输出轴；【F8】、第一高压泵，其动力输入轴与所述变速箱的其中一动力输出轴连接，所述第一高压泵的进水口通过第一单向阀与大海中的海水或蓄水池中的海水连通； [E8], the gearbox, the power input shaft is connected with the power output shaft of the transmission box; the power input shaft of the gearbox is provided with two sets of driving gears, correspondingly also provided with two sets of driven gears, one of which The set of driven gears may be meshed or disengaged with one of the driving gears, and the other set of driven gears may be meshed or disengaged with another set of driven gears, each of which is provided with a power output shaft; [F8], a first high-pressure pump whose power input shaft is connected to one of the power output shafts of the transmission, and the water inlet of the first high-pressure pump communicates with seawater in the sea or seawater in the reservoir through the first one-way valve ;

【G8】、第二高压泵，该第二高压泵的功率小于所述第一高压泵的功率，所述第二高压泵的动力输入轴与所述变速箱的另一动力输出轴连接，所述第二高压泵的进水口通过第二单向阀与大海中的海水或蓄水池中的海水连通；【H8】、两组反渗透膜组件，均设置有淡水出口、和浓海水出口，其中一组反渗透膜组件的进水口与连通所述第一高压泵出水口和第二高压泵出水口的管路连通，另一组反渗透膜组件的进水口通过电磁阀与连通所述第一高压泵出水口和第二高压泵出水口的管路连通； [G8], a second high pressure pump, the power of the second high pressure pump is less than the power of the first high pressure pump, and the power input shaft of the second high pressure pump is connected to another power output shaft of the gearbox. The water inlet of the second high pressure pump is connected to the seawater in the sea or the seawater in the reservoir through the second one-way valve; [H8], two sets of reverse osmosis membrane modules are provided with a fresh water outlet, and a concentrated seawater outlet, wherein a water inlet of a group of reverse osmosis membrane modules communicates with the first high pressure pump outlet and the second high pressure pump outlet The pipeline is connected, and the water inlet of the other group of reverse osmosis membrane modules is connected to the pipeline connecting the first high pressure pump outlet and the second high pressure pump outlet through a solenoid valve;