WO2012069652A2 - Mélanges fongicides - Google Patents

Mélanges fongicides Download PDF

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WO2012069652A2
WO2012069652A2 PCT/EP2011/071073 EP2011071073W WO2012069652A2 WO 2012069652 A2 WO2012069652 A2 WO 2012069652A2 EP 2011071073 W EP2011071073 W EP 2011071073W WO 2012069652 A2 WO2012069652 A2 WO 2012069652A2
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compound
methyl
formula
phenyl
substituted
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PCT/EP2011/071073
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WO2012069652A3 (fr
Inventor
Laura Quaranta
Clemens Lamberth
David Guillaume Claude François LEFRANC
Jayant Umarye
Peter Renold
Andrew Edmunds
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Syngenta Participations Ag
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Publication of WO2012069652A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012069652A3/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel compositions of fungicides comprising quinazoline containing compounds and a further fungicidial active ingredient, their use methods for the control and/or prevention of microbial infection, particularly fungal infection, in plants and to processes for the preparation of these compounds.
  • Fungicides are compounds, of natural or synthetic origin, which act to protect plants against damage caused by fungi.
  • Current methods of agriculture rely heavily on the use of fungicides. In fact, some crops cannot be grown usefully without the use of fungicides.
  • fungicidal agents allow a grower to increase the yield of the crop and consequently, increase the value of the crop.
  • Numerous fungicidal agents have been developed.
  • the treatment of fungal infestations continues to be a major problem.
  • fungicide resistance has become a serious problem, rendering these agents ineffective for some agricultural uses.
  • compositions for controlling or preventing infestation of plants or plant propagation material and/or harvested food crops susceptible to microbial attack by treating plants or plant propagation material and/or harvested food crops with an effective amount of composition
  • R 1 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, cyano, C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, C 1-8 alkoxy, C 1-8
  • haloalkoxy C 1-8 alkylthio or C 3-10 cycloalkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C 1-8 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl C 1-8 alkoxy, C 1-8 alkenyloxy or
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are, independently, hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, cyano, nitro, amino, mono- and bis-C 1-8 alkyl amino, C 1-8 alkyl, C 2-8 alkenyl, C 2-8 alkynyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, Ci_ 8 alkoxy, C 1-8 haloalkoxy, C 1-8 alkylthio or C 3-10 cycloalkyl;
  • A is halo, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, C 1-8 alkoxy, C 3-10
  • cycloalkyl C 3-10 cycloalkyloxy, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy or arylthio; preferably A is halo, C 1-8 alkyl, C 2-8 alkenyl, C 2-8 alkynyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, C 1-8 alkoxy, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyloxy, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy or arylthio;
  • R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is hydrogen
  • R 2 is not chlorine
  • component B is selected from at least one compound from
  • chlozolinate cinnamaldehyde, copper, copper ammoniumcarbonate, copper hydroxide, copper octanoate, copper oleate, copper sulphate, cyazofamid, cycloheximide, cymoxanil, dichlofluanid, dichlone, dichloropropene, diclocymet, diclomezine, dicloran, diethofencarb, diflumetorim, dimethirimol, dimethomorph, dinocap, dithianon, dodine, edifenphos, ethaboxam, ethirimol, etridiazole, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenaminosulf, fenamiphos, fenarimol, fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenoxanil, fenpiclonil, fentin acetate,
  • X is a bivalent group selected from
  • Ri is cyclopropyl substituted by cyclopropyl at the 1 -position, R 2 is bromine, R 3 is methyl, R 4 is CN and X is X 1 ;
  • Ri is methyl substituted by cyclopropyl, R 2 is CF 3 , R 3 is methyl, R 4 is CI and X is Xi; c) Ri is cyclopropyl substituted by cyclopropyl at the 1 -position, R 2 is CF 3 , R 3 is methyl, R 4 is CI and X is Xi;
  • Ri is cyclopropyl substituted by cyclopropyl at the 1 -position, R 2 is CF 3 , R 3 is methyl, R 4 is CN and X is Xi;
  • Ri is cyclopropyl substituted by cyclopropyl at the 1 -position, R 2 is OCH 2 CF 3 , R 3 is methyl, R 4 is CN and X is Xi;
  • Ri is isopropyl, R 2 is methoxy; R 3 is methyl, R 4 is hydrogen and X is X 8 ;
  • Ri is isopropyl, R 2 is trifluoromethyl, R 3 is chlorine, R 4 is hydrogen and X is X 8 ;
  • Ri is isopropyl, R 2 is trifluoromethyl, R 3 is methyl, R 4 is hydrogen and X is X 8 ;
  • Ri is methyl, R 2 is bromine, R 3 is methyl, R 4 is CN and X is Xi ;
  • Ri is methyl
  • R 2 is bromine
  • R 3 is methyl
  • R 4 is CI
  • X is Xi
  • compositions comprising (A) a compound of formula I and
  • a strobilurin fungicide (B2) an azole fungicide, (B3) a morpholine fungicide, (B4) an anilinopyrimidine fungicide, (B5) a fungicide selected from the group consisting of
  • chlozolinate 149
  • cinnamaldehyde copper, copper ammoniumcarbonate, copper hydroxide (169), copper octanoate (170), copper oleate, copper sulphate (87), cyazofamid (185), cycloheximide (1022), cymoxanil (200), dichlofluanid (230), dichlone (1052),
  • Examples of especially suitable compounds as component (B) are compounds selected from the following group P:
  • Group P especially suitable compounds as component (B) in the compositions according to the invention:
  • a strobilurin fungicide selected from azoxystrobin (47), dimoxystrobin (226), fluoxastrobin (382), kresoxim-methyl (485), metominostrobin (551), oiysastrobin, picoxystrobin (647), pyraclostrobin (690); trifloxystrobin (832), Dichloaminostrobin, Flufenoxystrobin,
  • Pyrametostrobin Praoxystrobin, methyl (2E)-2- ⁇ 2-[(3,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7- yl)oxymethyl]phenyl ⁇ -3-methoxyacrylate (CAS Reg Nr 850881-30-0, coumethoxystrobin, jiaxiangjunzhi), Enoxastrobin, Coumoxystrobin, Enoxastrobin, Fenaminostrobin
  • an azole fungicide selected from azaconazole (40), bromuconazole (96), cyproconazole (207), difenoconazole (247), diniconazole (267), diniconazole-M (267), epoxiconazole (298), fenbuconazole (329), fluquinconazole (385), flusilazole (393), flutriafol (397), hexaconazole (435), imazalil (449), imibenconazole (457), ipconazole (468), metconazole (525), myclobutanil (564), oxpoconazole (607), pefurazoate (618), penconazole (619), prochloraz (659), propiconazole (675), prothioconazole (685), simeconazole (731), tebuconazole (761), tetraconazole (778), triadimefon (814), triadimenol
  • a morpholine fungicide selected from aldimorph, dodemorph (288), fenpropimorph (344), tridemorph (830), fenpropidin (343), spiroxamine (740), piperalin (648) and a compound of formula B-3.1
  • an anilino-pyrimidine fungicide selected from cyprodinil (208), mepanipyrim (508) and pyrimethanil (705);
  • a fungicide selected from the group consisting of
  • dichloropropene (233), diclocymet (237), diclomezine (239), dicloran (240), diethofencarb (245), diflumetorim (253), dimethirimol (1082), dimethomorph (263), dinocap (270), dithianon (279), dodine (289), edifenphos (290), ethaboxam (304), ethirimol (1133), etridiazole (321), famoxadone (322), fenamidone (325), fenaminosulf (1144), fenamiphos (326), fenarimol (327), fenfuram (333), fenhexamid (334), fenoxanil (338), fenpiclonil (341), fentin acetate (347), fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide (347), ferbam (350), ferimzone (351), fluazinam (363),
  • a plant-bioregulator selected from the group consisting of
  • an insecticide selected from the group consisting of
  • compositions selected from the following group Q are compounds selected from the following group Q:
  • Group Q especially suitable compounds as component (B) in the compositions according to the invention:
  • a strobilurin fungicide selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin,
  • an azole fungicide selected from the group consisting of azaconazole, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole,
  • fenbuconazole fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imazalil,
  • imibenconazole imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, pefurazoate, penconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triflumizole, triticonazole, diclobutrazol, etaconazole, furconazole, furconazole-cis and quinconazole;
  • a morpholine fungicide selected from the group consisting of aldimorph, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, spiroxamine, piperalin and a compound of formula B-3.1;
  • an anilino-pyrimidine fungicide selected from the group consisting of cyprodinil, mepanipyrim and pyrimethanil;
  • a fungicide selected from the group consisting of benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, benomyl, bitertanol, boscalid, captan, carboxin, carpropamid, chlorothalonil, copper, cyazofamid, cymoxanil, diethofencarb, dithianon, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenhexamide, fenoxycarb, fenpiclonil, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flutolanil, folpet, guazatine, hymexazole, iprodione, lufenuron, mancozeb, metalaxyl, mefenoxam, metrafenone, nuarimol, paclobutrazol, pencycuron, penthiopyrad, procymidone, proquinazid, pyroquilon, quinoxyfen
  • a plant-bioregulator selected from acibenzolar-S-methyl, chlormequat chloride, ethephon, mepiquat chloride and trinexapc-ethyl;
  • an insecticide selected from abamectin, emamectin benzoate, tefluthnn, thiamethoxam, and glyphosate, a compound of formula V
  • component (B) is selected from mefenoxam, metalaxyl, Fludioxonil, thiabendazole, azoxystrobin, sedaxane, difenoconazole,
  • the component (B) is selected from a strobilurin fungicide preferably the strobilurin fungicide selected from azoxystrobin (47), dimoxystrobin (226), fluoxastrobin (382), kresoxim-methyl (485), metominostrobin (551), orysastrobin, picoxystrobin (647), pyraclostrobin (690); trifloxystrobin (832), Dichl
  • Fenaminostrobin (Dicloamonostrobin), Flufenoxystrobin, Pyrametostrobin, Pyraoxystrobin, Triclopyricarb
  • trobilurin fungicide selected from azoxystrobin (47), dimoxystrobin (226), fluoxastrobin (382), kresoxim-methyl (485), metominostrobin (551), orysastrobin, picoxystrobin (647), pyraclostrobin (690); trifloxystrobin (832), a compound of formula B- 1.1
  • trobilurin fungicide selected from azoxystrobin (47),
  • fluoxastrobin (382), pyraclostrobin (690); trifloxystrobin (832).
  • the component (B) is selected from an azole fungicide, preferable the azole fungicide selected from azaconazole (40), bromuconazole (96), cyproconazole (207), difenoconazole (247), diniconazole (267), diniconazole-M (267), epoxiconazole (298), fenbuconazole (329), fluquinconazole (385), flusilazole (393), flutriafol (397), hexaconazole (435), imazalil (449), imibenconazole (457), ipconazole (468), metconazole (525), myclobutanil (564), oxpoconazole (607), pefurazoate (618), penconazole (619), prochloraz (659), propiconazole (675), prothioconazole (685), simeconazole (731), tebuconazole (761), te
  • the component (B) is selected from a strobilurin fungicide selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim- methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin; trifloxystrobin and a compound of formula B- 1.1 ;
  • the component (B) is selected from an azole fungicide selected from the group consisting of azaconazole, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole,
  • fluquinconazole flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imazalil, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, pefurazoate, penconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triflumizole, triticonazole, diclobutrazol, etaconazole, furconazole, furconazole- cis and quinconazole;
  • component (B) is selected from a morpholine fungicide selected from the group consisting of aldimorph, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, spiroxamine, piperalin and a compound of formula B-3.1;
  • component (B) is selected from an anilino-pyrimidine fungicide selected from the group consisting of cyprodinil, mepanipyrim and pyrimethanil;
  • the component (B) is selected from amide fungicide selected from the group carpropamid, chloraniformethan, cyflufenamid, diclocymet, diclocymet, dimoxystrobin, fenoxanil, flumetover, furametpyr, isopyrazam, mandipropamid, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, penthiopyrad, prochloraz, quinazamid, silthiofam, triforine, xiwojunan.
  • amide fungicide selected from the group carpropamid, chloraniformethan, cyflufenamid, diclocymet, diclocymet, dimoxystrobin, fenoxanil, flumetover, furametpyr, isopyrazam, mandipropamid, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, penthiopyrad, prochloraz, quinazamid, silthiofam, triforine, x
  • the component (B) is selected from a pyridine fungiocide selected from the group consisting of Boscalid, buthiobate, dingjunezuo, dipyrithione, fluazinam,. Fluopicolide, fluopyram, lvdingjunzhi, parinol, pyribencarb, pyridinitril, pyrifenox, pyroxychlor, pyroxyfur.
  • a pyridine fungiocide selected from the group consisting of Boscalid, buthiobate, dingjunezuo, dipyrithione, fluazinam,. Fluopicolide, fluopyram, lvdingjunzhi, parinol, pyribencarb, pyridinitril, pyrifenox, pyroxychlor, pyroxyfur.
  • component (B) is selected from the group consisting of Azoxystrobin, Cycproconazol, Cyprodinil, Difenoconazol, Penconazol, Mandipropamid, Isopyrazam, Fluazinam.
  • component (B) in combination with component (A) surprisingly and substantially may enhance the effectiveness of the latter against fungi, and vice versa. Additionally, the method of the invention is effective against a wider spectrum of such fungi that can be combated with the active ingredients of this method, when used solely.
  • the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 2000 : 1 to 1 : 1000.
  • a non-limiting example for such weight ratios is compound of formula I : compound of formula B-2 is 10: 1.
  • the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is preferably from 100 : 1 to 1 : 100; more preferably from 20 : 1 to 1 : 50.
  • the active ingredient mixture of component (A) to component (B) comprises compounds of formula I and a further, other biocidally active ingredients or compositions preferably in a mixing ratio of from 1000: 1 to 1 : 1000, especially from 50: 1 to 1 :50, more especially in a ratio of from 20: 1 to 1 :20, even more especially from 10: 1 to 1 : 10, very especially from 5: 1 and 1 :5, special preference being given to a ratio of from 2: 1 to 1 :2, and a ratio of from 4: 1 to 2: 1 being likewise preferred, above all in a ratio of 1 : 1, or 5: 1, or 5:2, or 5:3, or 5:4, or 4: 1, or 4:2, or 4:3, or 3 : 1, or 3 :2, or 2: 1, or 1 :5, or 2:5, or 3 :5, or 4:5, or 1 :4, or 2:4, or 3 :4, or 1 :3, or 2:3, or 1 :2, or 1 :600, or 1 :300, or 1 : 150
  • compositions wherein component (A) and component (B) are present in the composition in amounts producing a synergistic effect.
  • This synergistic activity is apparent from the fact that the fungicidal activity of the composition comprising component (A) and component (B) is greater than the sum of the fungicidal activities of component (A) and of component (B).
  • This synergistic activity extends the range of action of component (A) and component (B) in two ways.
  • synergism corresponds to a positive value for the difference of (O-E).
  • expected activity said difference (O-E) is zero.
  • a negative value of said difference (O-E) signals a loss of activity compared to the expected activity.
  • the compositions according to the invention can also have further surprising advantageous properties.
  • Such advantageous properties are: more advantageuos degradability; improved toxicological and/or ecotoxicological behaviour; or improved characteristics of the useful plants including: emergence, crop yields, more developed root system, tillering increase, increase in plant height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger tillers, greener leaf colour, less fertilizers needed, less seeds needed, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, early grain maturity, less plant verse (lodging), increased shoot growth, improved plant vigor, and early germination.
  • compositions according to the invention have a systemic action and can be
  • compositions according to the invention it is possible to inhibit or destroy the phytopathogenic microorganisms which occur in plants or in parts of plants (fruit, blossoms, leaves, stems, tubers, roots) in different useful plants, while at the same time the parts of plants which grow later are also protected from attack by phytopathogenic microorganisms.
  • the compositions according to the invention can be applied to the phytopathogenic microorganisms, the useful plants, the locus thereof, the propagation material thereof, storage goods or technical materials threatened by microorganism attack.
  • compositions according to the invention may be applied before or after infection of the useful plants, the propagation material thereof, storage goods or technical materials by the microorganisms.
  • a further aspect of the present invention is a method of controlling diseases on useful plants or on propagation material thereof caused by phytopathogens, which comprises applying to the useful plants, the locus thereof or propagation material thereof a composition according to the invention.
  • a method which comprises applying to the useful plants or to the locus thereof a composition according to the invention, more preferably to the useful plants.
  • a method which comprises applying to the propagation material of the useful plants a composition according to the invention.
  • the components (B) are known for example from "The Pesticide Manual” [The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium; Thirteenth Edition (New edition (02 Nov 2003)); Editor: C. D. S. Tomlin; The British Crop Protection Council, ISBN-10: 1901396134; ISBN-13 : 978-1901396133] or its electronic version "e-Pesticide Manual V4.2" or from the website http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/. Where the components (B) are included in "The Pesticide Manual” [The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium; Thirteenth Edition;
  • aldimorph (CAS 91315-15-0); arsenates (CAS 1327-53-3); benalaxyl -M (CAS 98243-83-5); benthiavalicarb (CAS 413615-35-7); cadmium chloride (CAS 10108-64-2); cedar leaf oil
  • compound B-5.1 ("mandipropamid") in WO 01/87822; compound B-5.2 in WO 98/46607; compound B-5.3 (“fluopicolide”) in WO 99/42447; compound B-5.4 (“cyflufenamid”) in WO 96/19442; compound B-5.5 in WO 99/14187; compound B-5.6 (“pyribencarb”) is registered under CAS-Reg. No. 325156-49-8; compound B-5.7 (“amisulbrom" or
  • Isopyraxam (3-(difluoromethyl)-l-methyl-N-[l,2,3,4- tetrahydro-9-(l -methylethyl)- 1 ,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide) is described in WO 2004/035589, in WO 2006/037632 and in EP1556385B 1 and is registered under the CAS-Reg. 881685-58-1.
  • Sedaxane N-[2-[l, l '-bicyclopropyl]-2-ylphenyl]-3- (difluoromethyl)-l -methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide
  • WO 2003/074491 is registered under the CAS-Reg. 874967-67-6
  • the compound of formula (VI) is described in WO 2008/014870
  • the compounds of formula (VII) is described in WO 2007/048556.
  • Fomesafen is registered under the CAS-Reg. No. 72178-02-0.
  • composition stands for the various mixtures or combinations of components (A) and (B), for example in a single “ready-mix” form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active ingredient components, such as a "tank-mix", and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e. one after the other with a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days.
  • the order of applying the components (A) and (B) is not essential for working the present invention.
  • compositions according to the invention may also comprise more than one of the active components (B), if, for example, a broadening of the spectrum of disease control is desired. For instance, it may be advantageous in the agricultural practice to combine two or three components (B) with component (A).
  • An example is a composition comprising a compound of formula (I), azoxystrobin and cyproconazole.
  • Alkyl means a linear saturated monovalent hydrocarbon radical of one to eight carbon atoms or a branched saturated monovalent hydrocarbon radical of three to ten carbon atoms, or the number of carbon atoms as indicated, e.g. methyl, ethyl, ⁇ -propyl, z ' o-propyl,7-butyl, sec-butyl, z ' o-butyl, tert-butyl, zz-pentyl, z ' o-amyl, zz-hexyl and the like. It is noted that this definition applies both when the term is used alone and when it is used as part of a compound term, such as "haloalkyl" and similar terms.
  • linear alkyl groups contain one to six carbon atoms, more preferably one to three carbon atoms and most preferably are selected from methyl, ethyl or zz-propyl.
  • branched alkyl groups contain three to six carbon atoms and more preferably are selected from z ' so-propyl (1- methylethyl), sec-butyl (1-methylpropyl), z ' so-butyl (2-methylpropyl), tert-butyl (1, 1- dimethylethyl) or z ' so-amyl (3-methylbutyl).
  • Cycloalkyl means a monovalent cyclic hydrocarbon radical of three to eight ring carbons and, more preferably, three to six ring carbons. Cycloalkyl groups are fully saturated. Preferably, cycloalkyl groups are selected from cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
  • Heterocyclic means a heterocyclic moiety containing at least one atom of carbon, and at least one element other than carbon, such as sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen within a ring structure. These structures may comprise either simple aromatic rings or non-aromatic rings. Some examples are pyridine, pyrimidine and dioxane.
  • alkenyl means a linear monovalent saturated hydrocarbon radical of two to eight carbon atoms, or a branched monovalent hydrocarbon radical of three to eight carbon atoms containing at least one double bond, e.g. ethenyl, propenyl and the like. Where appropriate, an alkenyl group can be of either the (E)- or (Z)-configuration.
  • linear alkenyl groups contain two to six carbon atoms and more preferably are selected from ethenyl, prop- 1-enyl, prop-2-enyl, prop-l,2-dienyl, but-l-enyl, but-2-enyl, but-3-enyl, but-l,2-dienyl, but- 1,3-dienyl, pent-l-enyl, pent-3-enyl and hex-l-enyl.
  • branched alkenyl groups contain three to six carbon atoms and more preferably are selected from 1-methylethenyl, 1- methylprop-l-enyl, l-methylprop-2-enyl, 2-methylprop-l-enyl, 2-methylprop-2-enyl and 4- methyl-pent-3-enyl.
  • Cycloalkenyl means a monovalent cyclic hydrocarbon radical of three to eight ring carbons and, more preferably, three to six ring carbons containing at least one double bond.
  • cycloalkenyl groups are selected from cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl,
  • Alkynyl means a linear monovalent saturated hydrocarbon radical of two to eight carbon atoms, or a branched monovalent hydrocarbon radical of five to eight carbon atoms, containing at least one triple bond, e.g. ethynyl, propynyl and the like.
  • linear alkynyl groups contain two to six carbon atoms and more preferably are selected from ethynyl, prop-l-ynyl, prop-2-ynyl, but-l-ynyl, but-2-ynyl and but-3-ynyl.
  • branched alkynyl groups contain four to six carbon atoms and more preferably are selected from l-methylprop-2-ynyl, 3-methylbut-l-ynyl, l-methylbut-2-ynyl, l-methylbut-3-ynyl and l-methylbut-3-ynyl.
  • Alkoxy means a radical -OR, where R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl as defined above and, preferably, wherein R is alkyl.
  • Alkoxy groups include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, 1-methylethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy and 2-methylpropoxy.
  • alkoxy means methoxy or ethoxy.
  • Alkenoxy means a radical -OR, where R is alkenyl as defined above.
  • Alkynoxy means a radical -OR, where R is alkynyl as defined above.
  • Cycloalkyloxy means a radical -OR, where R is cycloalkyl as defined above.
  • Alkoxyalkyl means a radical -ROR, where each R is, independently, alkyl as defined above
  • Aryl or “aromatic ring moiety” refers to an aromatic substituent which may be a single ring or multiple rings which are fused together, linked covalently, thus aryl groups derived from arenes by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring carbon atom, and arenes are monoyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • the term “Aryl” may mean substituted or unsubstituted aryl unless otherwise indicated and hence the aryl moieties may be
  • aryl include, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, azulenyl, indanyl, indenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, biphenyl, diphenylmethyl and 2,2- diphenyl-1 -ethyl, therefore
  • substituents for "aryl" groups may be selected from the list including aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and heterocyclic moiety containing at least one atom of carbon, and at least one element other than carbon, such as sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen within a ring structure, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkyloxy, haloalkenyloxy, haloalkynyloxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, cycloalkylthio, alkyl carbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, alkenyl carbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, formyl,
  • Preferred substituents are aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and heterocyclic moiety containing at least one atom of carbon, and at least one element other than carbon, such as sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen within a ring structure, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, nitro and cyano and are more preferably halogen (in particular, fluoro or chloro), cyano, alkyl (in particular, methyl and ethyl), haloalkyl (in particular, trifluoromethyl), alkoxy (in particular, methoxy or ethoxy) and haloalkoxy.
  • halogen in particular, fluoro or chloro
  • alkyl in particular, methyl and ethyl
  • haloalkyl in particular, trifluoromethyl
  • alkoxy in particular, methoxy or ethoxy
  • the aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocyclic substituent of the aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocyclic group may be unsubstituted or further substituted, wherein the substituents are selected from the list including halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkyloxy, haloalkenyloxy, haloalkynyloxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, cycloalkylthio, alkyl carbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynyl carbonyl, alkoxycarbony
  • Preferred aryl substituent of the aryl group may be be unsbstituted aryl or aryl substituted by substituents selected from the list including halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy and cyano and are more preferably halogen (in particular, fluoro or chloro), cyano, alkyl (in particular, methyl and ethyl), haloalkyl (in particular, trifluoromethyl), alkoxy (in particular, methoxy or ethoxy) and haloalkoxy.
  • substituents selected from the list including halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy and cyano and are more preferably halogen (in particular, fluoro or chloro), cyano,
  • Typical examples for unsubstituted or substituted aryl include 2-fluorophenyl, 3- fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2- bromophenyl, 3-bromophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4- methylphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2-cyanophenyl, 3- cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 2-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4- trifluoromethylphenyl, 2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 4- trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 2,3-difluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, 2,
  • Halo or halogen means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo, preferably chloro or fluoro.
  • Haloalkyl means alkyl as defined above substituted with one or more of the same or different halo atoms. Therefore this definition of haloalkyl may also include
  • haloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to chloromethyl, fluoromethyl, dichloromethyl, difluoromethyl, trichloromethyl,
  • Haloalkenyl means alkenyl as defined above substituted with one or more of the same or different halo atoms.
  • Haloalkynyl means alkynyl as defined above substituted with one or more of the same or different halo atoms.
  • Haloalkoxy means a radical -OR, wherein R is haloalkyl as defined above.
  • Haloalkenyloxy means a radical -OR, wherein R is haloalkenyl as defined above.
  • Haloalkynyloxy means a radical -OR, wherein R is haloalkynyl as defined above.
  • Arylalkyl means a radical -R a R b where R a is an alkylene group and R b is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group as defined above;
  • Arylalkenyl means a radical - R a R b where R a is an alkenylene group as defined below and R b is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group as defined above;
  • Arylalkynyl means a radical -R a R b where R a is an alkynylene group as defined below and R b is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group as defined above.
  • An example of an arylalkyl group is the benzyl group.
  • Cycloalkylalkyl means a radical -R a R b where R a is an alkylene group, as defined below and R b is a cycloalkyl group as defined above.
  • Cycloalkylalkenyl means a radical -R a R b where R a is a an alkenylene group as defined below and R b is a cycloalkyl group as defined above.
  • Cycloalkylalkenyl means a radical -R a R b where R a is an alkynylene group as defined below and R b is a cycloalkyl group as defined above.
  • Alkylene means a linear saturated divalent hydrocarbon radical of one to six carbon atoms or a branched saturated divalent hydrocarbon radical of three to six carbon atoms, e.g. methylene, ethylene, propylene, 2-methylpropylene and the like.
  • Preferred alkylene groups are the divalent radicals of the alkyl groups defined above.
  • alkenylene means a linear divalent hydrocarbon radical of two to six carbon atoms or a branched divalent hydrocarbon radical of three to six carbon atoms, containing at least one double bond, e.g. ethenylene, propenylene and the like.
  • Preferred alkenylene groups are the divalent radicals of the alkenyl groups defined above.
  • Alkynylene means a linear divalent hydrocarbon radical of two to six carbon atoms or a branched divalent hydrocarbon radical of three to six carbon atoms, containing at least one triple bond, e.g. ethynylene, propynylene and the like.
  • Preferred alkynylene groups are the divalent radicals of the alkynyl groups defined above.
  • Aryloxy means a radical -OR, wherein R is an aryl group as defined above.
  • Arylalkyloxy means a radical -OR wherein R is an arylalkyl group as defined above.
  • Arylalkenyleneoxy means a radical -OR wherein R is an arylalkenylene group as defined above.
  • Alkynyleneoxy means a radical -OR wherein R is an arylalkynylenel group as defined above.
  • Alkylthio means a radical -SR, where R is an alkyl as defined above. Alkylthio groups include, but are not limited to, methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, tert-butylthio, hexylthio, and the like.
  • Alkenylthio means a radical -SR, where R is an alkenyl as defined above.
  • Alkynylthio means a radical -SR, where R is an alkynyl as defined above.
  • Cycloalkylthio means a radical -SR, where R is a cycloalkyl group as defined above.
  • Haloalkylthio means a radical -SR, where R is a haloalkyl group as defined above.
  • Arylthio means a radical -SR, where R is an aryl group as defined above
  • Alkylcarbonyl means a radical -C(0)R, wherein R is alkyl as defined above.
  • Alkenylcarbonyl means a radical -C(0)R, wherein R is alkenyl as defined above.
  • Alkynylcarbonyl means a radical -C(0)R, wherein R is alkynyl as defined above.
  • Cycloalkylcarbonyl means a radical -C(0)R, wherein R is cycloalkyl as defined above.
  • Alkoxy carbonyl means a radical -C(0)OR, wherein R is alkyl as defined above.
  • Haloalkylcarbonyl means a radical -C(0)R, wherein R is haloalkyl as defined above.
  • Cyano means a -CN group.
  • Amino means an -N3 ⁇ 4 group.
  • Alkylamino means a radical - RH, where R is alkyl as defined above.
  • Dialkylamino means a radical - RR, where each R is, independently, alkyl as defined above.
  • Mercapto means an -SH group.
  • the groups defined above when used alone or as part of a compound term (e.g. alkyl when used alone or as part of, for example, haloalkyl) may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents.
  • alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyloxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxy and arylalkyloxy groups may be unsubstituted or substituted.
  • these optional substituents are independently selected from halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cycloalkyloxy, haloalkenyloxy, haloalkynyloxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, cycloalkylthio, formyl, alkylcarbonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkynylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkyl, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and heterocyclic moiety containing at least
  • Preferred substituents are alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy and cyano and are more preferably halogen (in particular, fluoro or chloro), cyano, alkyl (in particular, methyl and ethyl), haloalkyl (in particular, trifluoromethyl), alkoxy (in particular, methoxy or ethoxy),haloalkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and heterocyclic moiety containing at least one atom of carbon, and at least one element other than carbon, such as sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen within a ring structure.
  • halogen in particular, fluoro or chloro
  • cyano alkyl
  • alkyl in particular, methyl and ethyl
  • haloalkyl in particular, trifluoromethyl
  • alkoxy in particular, methoxy or
  • the compounds of formula I may exist in different geometric or optical isomeric forms or in different tautomeric forms.
  • One or more centres of chirality may be present, in which case compounds of the formula I may be present as pure enantiomers, mixtures of enantiomers, pure diastereomers or mixtures of diastereomers.
  • Centres of tautomerisation may be present. This invention covers all such isomers and tautomers and mixtures thereof in all proportions as well as isotopic forms such as deuterated compounds. Also atropisomerism may occur as a result of a restricted rotation abaout a single bond.
  • Suitable salts of the compounds of formula I include acid addition salts such as those with an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric, nitric or phosphoric acid, or an organic carboxylic acid such as oxalic, tartaric, lactic, butyric, toluic, hexanoic or phthalic acid, or a sulphonic acid such as methane, benzene or toluene sulphonic acid.
  • organic carboxylic acids include haloacids such as trifluoroacetic acid.
  • N-oxides are oxidised forms of tertiary amines or oxidised forms of nitrogen containing heteroaromatic compounds. They are described in many books for example in "Heterocyclic N-oxides" by Angelo Albini and Silvio Pietra, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1991.
  • R 1 is hydrogen, halo, cyano, C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-8 alkoxy, C 1-8 alkenyloxy, C 1-8 alkynyloxy, C 1-8 haloalkyl, or C 1-8 alkylthio.
  • R 1 is hydrogen, halo, C 1-3 alkyl, C 1-3 alkoxy, C 1-3 alkenyloxy, C 1-3 alkynyloxy, Ci-3 haloalkyl, or C 1-3 alkylthio.
  • R 1 is hydrogen, halo, C 1-3 alkyl, Ci_ 3 alkoxy, C 1-3 alkenyloxy, C 1-3 alkynyloxy, or C 1-4 haloalkyl.
  • R 1 is hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy or trifluoromethyl and, more preferably, hydrogen, methyl or methoxy.
  • R 2 is hydrogen according to formula (I), hydroxyl, halo, C 1-5 alkyl C 1-5 alkoxy, C 1-5 alkenyloxy or C 1-5 alkynyloxy.
  • R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, chloro, methyl or methoxy and, more preferably, hydrogen, methyl or methoxy.
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are, independently, hydrogen, halo, cyano, C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, C 1-8 alkoxy, C 1-8 alkenyloxy, C 1-8 alkynyloxy, or C 1-8 haloalkoxy.
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are,
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are, independently, hydrogen, halo, cyano, C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 alkoxy, C 1-3 alkenyloxy, C 1-3 alkynyloxy.
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are, independently, hydrogen, bromo, cyano, chloro, fluoro, methyl or methoxy.
  • A is halo, C 1-8 haloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted arylalkyl or unsubstituted or substituted aryloxy.
  • A is halo, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl,
  • A is halogen, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted benzyl or unsubstituted or substituted phenoxy and, more preferably, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl and unsubstituted or substituted benzyl .
  • Suitable substituents are as defined above but, more suitably, may be halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, C 1-3 alkyl, C 1-3 haloalkyl, C 1-3 alkoxy, C 1-3 alkyl carbonyl, C 1-3 alkoxycarbonyl or a combination of any of these substituents or, even more suitably, chloro, fluoro, methyl, trifluoromethyl or methoxy or a combination of any of these substituents.
  • R 1 is hydrogen, halo, cyano, C 1-3 alkyl, C 1-3 alkoxy, C 1-3 haloalkyl, or C 1-3 alkylthio;
  • R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, Ci-5 alkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl, C 1-5 alkynyloxy or C 1-5 alkoxy;
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are, independently, hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, C 1-8 alkoxy, C 1-8 haloalkoxy, amino or mono- or di-C 1-8 alkyl amino and
  • A is halo, C 1-8 alkyl, C 2-8 alkenyl, C 2-8 alkynyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, C 1-8 alkoxy, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyloxy, aryl,
  • R 1 is hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy or trifluoromethyl, preferably hydrogen, methyl or methoxy .
  • R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, chloro, methyl or methoxy, preferably hydrogen, , methyl or methoxy;
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are, independently, hydrogen, halo, cyano, Ci-3 alkyl, C 1-3 haloalkyl, C 1-3 alkoxy, C 1-3 haloalkoxy, amino or mono- or di-C 1-8 alkyl amino, preferably independently, hydrogen, halo, cyano, C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 alkoxy, more preverably independently, hydrogen, halo, cyano, C 1-3 alkyl or C 1-3 alkoxy;
  • A is halo, C 1-8 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstit
  • R 1 is hydrogen, halo, C 1-3 alkyl, Ci-3 haloalkyl or C 1-3 alkoxy
  • R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C 1-5 alkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl or Ci-5 alkoxy
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are, independently hydrogen, halo, C 1-3 alkyl, C 1-3 haloalkyl or Ci-3 alkoxy and
  • A is halo, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted arylalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryloxy or unsubstituted or substituted arylthio, wherein the optional subsituents are selected from halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, C 1-3 alkyl, Ci-3 haloalkyl, C 1-3 alkylcarbonyl, C 1-3 alkoxycarbonyl and C 1-3 al
  • R 1 is hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, ethoxy or methoxy, preferably hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, ethoxy or methoxy
  • R 2 is hydrogen, chloro, methyl or methoxy
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are, independently, hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methyl, hydroxyl, trifluoromethyl or methoxy and
  • A is bromo, chloro, iodo, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted phenylmethyl, unsubstituted or substituted phenoxy, unsubstituted or substituted phenylthio or unsubstituted or substituted phenyl ethynyl, wherein the optional substituents are selected from fluoro, chloro, cyano, methyl, trifluoromethyl, eth
  • A is halogen, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted benzyl or unsubstituted or substituted phenoxy, especially A is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl and unsubstituted or substituted benzyl.
  • the preferred compound of formula I of the present invention is a compound of formula ( ⁇ ):
  • R 11 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, cyano, unsubstituted C 1-8 alkyl, substituted C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-8 alkoxy, substituted C 1-8 alkoxy, C 1-8 haloalkoxy, unsubstituted C 1-8 alkylthio, substituted C 1-8 alkylthio, unsubstituted C 3-10 cycloalkyl or substituted C 3-10 cycloalkyl;
  • R 12 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, unsubstituted C 1-8 alkyl, substituted C 1-8 alkyl, substituted
  • R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 are, independently, hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, cyano, nitro, - R 17 R 18 where R 17 and R 18 are independently H, C ⁇ alkyl or substituted C h alky 1 or combine with the interjacent nitrogen to form a five- or six-membered ring which may comprise one or two or three heteroatoms (one or two N, O or S atoms in addition to the interjacent nitrogen atom), in which case the heterocyclic ring is unsubstituted or the heterocyclic ring is substituted by one or two C ⁇ alkyl groups, unsubstituted C 1-8 alkyl, substituted C 1-8 alkyl, unsubstituted C 2-8 alkenyl, substituted C 2-8 alkenyl,unsubstituted C 2-8 alkynyl, substituted C 2-8 alkynyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-8 alkoxy, substituted
  • a 1 is halo, unsubstituted C 1-8 alkyl, substituted C 1-8 alkyl, unsubstituted C 2-10 alkenyl,
  • R 16 is hydrogen
  • R 12 is not chlorine
  • the alkyl groups, the alkenyl groups, the alkynyl groups and the alkoxy group in the compound of formula ( ⁇ ) are either linerar or branched.
  • the preferred substituents of the substituted alkyl groups, the substituted alkenyl groups, the substituted alkynyl groups and the substituted alkoxy group in the compound of formula ( ⁇ ) are selected from the following substituents F, CI, Br, I, -OH, -CN, nitro, -Ci- 4 alkoxy, -C 1 -4 alkylthio, - R 17 R 18 where R 17 and R 18 are independently H, -Ci -4 alkyl or substituted -Ci_ 4 alkyl or combine with the interjacent nitrogen to form a five- or six-membered ring which may comprise one or two or three heteroatoms (one or two N, O or S atoms in addition to the interjacent nitrogen atom), in which case the heterocyclic ring is unsubstituted or
  • the more preferred substituents of the substituted Ci to C 4 alkyl groups are selected from the following substituents -OH, CN, F, CI, Ci -4 alkoxy, Ci -4 alkylamino.
  • the alkyl groups are branched or linear.
  • the most preferred alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, butyl, iso-butyl (2-methylpropyl), pentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1-ethylpentyl, iso-pentyl (3- methylbutyl), hexyl, heptyl, octyl, or nonyl.
  • the alkyl groups in the compound of formula ( ⁇ ) and/or the alkoxy groups in the compound of formula ( ⁇ ) bear not more than two further substituents, more preferably the alkyl groups in the compound of formula ( ⁇ ) and/or the alkoxy groups in the compound of formula ( ⁇ ) bear not more than one further substituent, most preferred the alkyl groups in the compound of formula ( ⁇ ) and/or the alkoxy groups in the compound of formula ( ⁇ ) are not further substituted.
  • the preferred alkyl groups and the preferred alkoxy groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, methoxy and ethoxy groups. Methyl, ethyl and methoxy groups are very particularly preferred.
  • the preferred substituents in the compound of formula ( ⁇ ) of the substituted aryl groups in the compound of formula ( ⁇ ) are selected from the following substituents F, CI, Br, I, -OH, -CN, nitro, -C 1-4 alkyl, -C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 alkenyloxy, -C 1-4 alkynyloxy, -C 1-4 alkoxyC 1-4 alkyl,
  • -Ci- 4 alkylthio - R R where R and R are independently H, -C 1-4 alkyl or substituted - Ci- 4 alkyl or combine with the interjacent nitrogen to form a five- or six-membered ring which may comprise one or two or three heteroatoms (one or two N, O or S atoms in addition to the interjacent nitrogen atom), in which case the heterocyclic ring is unsubstituted or the heterocyclic ring is substituted by one or two -C h alky 1 groups, -C(0)H, -C(0)(C 1-4 alkyl), -C(0)(Ci -4 alkoxy), -C(0) H 2 , -C(0) H(Ci -4 alkyl), -C(0)N(Ci -4 alkyl)( Ci -4 alkyl), - HC(0)(Ci -4 alkyl), -N(Ci -4 alkyl)C(0)( Ci -4 alkyl), - HC(0)
  • the more preferred substituents of the substituted aryl groups are selected from the following substituents F, CI, CN, -OH, nitro, -C 1-4 alkyl, -C 1-4 alkoxy, -C(0)(C 1-4 alkoxy), - C(0)H, -C(0)(Ci -4 Alkyl) wherein the alkyl groups are either substituted or unsubstituted.
  • the aryl groups are preferably naphthyl, phenantrenyl or phenyl groups, more preferably phenyl groups.
  • the preferred substituents of the substituted aiyl groups in the compound of formula ( ⁇ ) are selected from the following substituents, F, CI, -Ci -4 Alkyl, Ci- 4 alkoxy, -CN, -C(0)(C 1-4 alkoxy), -C(0)(Ci- 4 Alkyl).
  • substituents F, CI, -Ci -4 Alkyl, Ci- 4 alkoxy, -CN, -C(0)(C 1-4 alkoxy), -C(0)(Ci- 4 Alkyl).
  • R 11 is hydrogen, halo, unsubstituted C 1-4 alkyl, substituted C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl,
  • R 12 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, unsubstituted C 1-8 alkyl, substituted C 1-8 alkyl, unsubstituted
  • C3-10 cycloalkyl substituted C 3-10 cycloalkyl C 1-8 haloalkyl, unsubstituted C 1-8 alkoxy, substituted C 1-8 alkoxy, unsubstituted C 2-8 alkenyloxy, substituted C 2-8 alkenyloxy, unsubstituted C 2-8 alkynyloxy; or substituted C 2-8 alkynyloxy;
  • R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 are, independently, hydrogen, halo, nitro, amino, unsubstituted C 1-4 alkyl, substituted C 1-4 alkyl, unsubstituted C 2-4 alkenyl, substituted C 2-4 alkenyl, unsubstituted C 2-4 alkynyl, substituted C 2-4 alkynyl, unsubstituted C 1-4 alkoxy, sub stituted C 1 -4 alkoxy ;
  • a 1 is halo, unsubstituted C 1-4 alkyl, substituted C 1-4 alkyl, unsubstituted C 2-4 alkenyl,
  • R 16 is hydrogen
  • R 12 is not chlorine
  • R 11 is hydrogen, F, CI, , CN, unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, substituted C 1-3 alkyl, C 1-3 haloalkyl,
  • R 12 is hydrogen, unsubstituted C 1-4 alkyl, substituted C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, unsubstituted
  • R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 are, independently, hydrogen, halo, nitro, amino, unsubstituted C 1-4 alkyl, substituted C 1-4 alkyl, unsubstituted C 2 -4 alkenyl, substituted C 2 -4 alkenyl,unsubstituted C 2 -4 alkynyl, substituted C 2 -4 alkynyl, , unsubstituted C 1-4 alkoxy, substituted C 1-4 alkoxy;
  • a 1 is halo, unsubstituted C 1-4 alkyl, substituted C 1-4 alkyl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, unsubstituted arylalkynyl, substituted arylalkynyl,unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted aryloxy, unsubstituted arylalkyloxy, substituted arylthio or substituted arylthio;
  • At least two of the substituents R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 are H, more preferably at least three of the substituents R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 are H.
  • R 11 is hydrogen, F, CI, , unsubstituted C 1-2 alkyl, substituted C 1-2 alkyl, C 1 -2 alkoxy;
  • R 12 is hydrogen, unsubstituted C 1-4 alkyl, substituted C 1-4 alkyl, C 1 -4 haloalkyl, unsubstituted
  • R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 are, independently, hydrogen, halo, nitro, amino, unsubstituted C 1-4 alkyl, substituted C 1-4 alkyl, unsubstituted C 2 -4 alkenyl, substituted C 2 -4 alkenyl,unsubstituted C 2 -4 alkynyl, substituted C 2 -4 alkynyl, C 1 -4 alkoxy wherein at least two (more preferably at least three) of the substituents R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 are H
  • a 1 is unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl,
  • R 11 is hydrogen, F, CI, , unsubstituted C 1-2 alkyl, substituted C 1-2 alkyl, C 1 -2 alkoxy;
  • R 12 is hydrogen, unsubstituted C 1-4 alkyl, substituted C 1-4 alkyl, C 1 -4 haloalkyl, unsubstituted
  • Ci-4 alkoxy, substituted C 1-4 alkoxy; R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 are, independently, hydrogen, halo, nitro, amino, wherein at least two
  • a 1 is halo, unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl; or a salt or a N-oxide thereof.
  • R 11 is hydrogen, unsubstituted C 1-2 alkyl
  • R 12 is hydrogen
  • R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 are, hydrogen
  • a 1 is unsubstituted aryl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl; or a salt or a N-oxide thereof.
  • R 11 is hydrogen, unsubstituted C 1-2 alkyl
  • R 12 is hydrogen
  • R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 are, hydrogen
  • a 1 is phenyl, phenylCi-2 alkyl
  • the compound La 001 is the following compound (2-(6-chloro-pyridin-2- yl)-quinazoline):
  • La 035 is the following compound (2-(5-trifluormethyl-6- phenylethynyl-pyridin-2-yl)-quinazoline):
  • R 1 and A are as defined in Table 1.
  • Preferred individual compounds are:
  • the compounds of formula 1.1, wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula 1.2, wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I with a reducing agent such as Bu3SnH and a palladium catalyst.
  • a reducing agent such as Bu3SnH and a palladium catalyst.
  • the compounds of formula II, wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula 1.2, wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I and Hal is halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine, with a reduction agent such as hydrogen and a catalyst such as palladium on charcoal or raney-nickel, or with zinc and acetic acid.
  • the compounds of formula 1.2 wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I and Hal is halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine, can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula III, wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I with a phosphorus oxyhalide, e.g. phosphorus oxychloride or phosphorus oxybromide, or a thionyl halide, e.g. thionyl chloride or thionyl bromide.
  • a phosphorus oxyhalide e.g. phosphorus oxychloride or phosphorus oxybromide
  • thionyl halide e.g. thionyl chloride or thionyl bromide.
  • the compounds of formula III, wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula IV, wherein R 1 and A are as defined for formula I with an anthranilic acid of formula V, wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are as defined for formula I and a base, such as sodium hydride, sodium methylate, sodium ethylate or potassium methylate.
  • the compound of formula III wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula XII wherein R 1 and A are as defined for formula I and R7 is H with an anthranilic amide of formula Va, wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are as defined for formula I in a two-step procedure using a coupling reagent such as DCC, BOP or TBTU followed by treatment with a base such as NaOH in an alcoholic solvent.
  • a coupling reagent such as DCC, BOP or TBTU
  • a base such as NaOH in an alcoholic solvent.
  • the anthranilic acid compounds of formula V are known compounds or may be obtained readily from known compounds using processes that are routine in the art and with which the skilled man will be familiar.
  • the compounds of formula IV, wherein R 1 and A are as defined for formula I can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula VI, wherein R 1 and A are as defined for formula I with a cyanide, such as sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide or trimethylsilylcyanide and a base, such as triethylamine,
  • a cyanide such as sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide or trimethylsilylcyanide
  • a base such as triethylamine
  • the compounds of formula VI, wherein R 1 and A are as defined for formula I can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula VII, wherein R 1 and A are as defined for formula I with an oxidatizing agent, such as weto-chloroperbenzoic acid, hydrogen peroxide or oxone.
  • an oxidatizing agent such as weto-chloroperbenzoic acid, hydrogen peroxide or oxone.
  • the mono- and disubstituted pyridines of formula VII are known compounds or may be obtained readily from known compounds using processes that are routine in the art and with which the skilled man will be familiar.
  • the compounds of formula 1.1 wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula VIII, wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I with an oxidation agent, such as 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicycano-p-benzoquinone, oxygen, manganese(IV) oxide or ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate.
  • an oxidation agent such as 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicycano-p-benzoquinone, oxygen, manganese(IV) oxide or ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate.
  • the compounds of formula VIII, wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula IX, wherein R 1 and A are as defined for formula I with a compound of formula X, wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are as defined for formula I, and thionyl chloride and a base, such as triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine or pyridine.
  • the 2-aminobenzylamines of formula X are known compounds or may be obtained readily from known compounds using processes that are routine in the art and with which the skilled man will be familiar.
  • the compounds of formula IX, wherein R 1 and A are as defined for formula I can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula XI, wherein R 1 and A are as defined for formula I with ⁇ , ⁇ '-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, dimethyl sulfoxide and an acid, such as phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, or with manganese dioxide or 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicycano-p-benzoquinone.
  • the compounds of formula XI, wherein R 1 and A are as defined for formula I can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula XII, wherein R 1 and A are as defined for formula I and R 7 is hydrogen or Ci-Cealkyl, with an reducing agent, such as sodium borohydride, lithium aluminium hydride, lithium borohydride or diisobutylaluminum hydride.
  • an reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, lithium aluminium hydride, lithium borohydride or diisobutylaluminum hydride.
  • the compounds of formula XII wherein R 1 and A are as defined for formula I and R 7 is hydrogen or Ci-Cealkyl, can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula IV, wherein R 1 and A are as defined for formula I with a base, such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium methoxide or potassium ethoxide in an alcohol and subsequent treatment with an acid, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
  • a base such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium methoxide or potassium ethoxide in an alcohol
  • an acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
  • the compounds of formula 1.1 wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula XIII, wherein R 1 and A are as defined for formula I, or a salt of it, with a benzaldehyde of formula XIV, wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are as defined for formula I and R 8 is a halogen, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, or an amino group and a base, such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or potassium carbonate.
  • a halogen such as fluoro, chloro or bromo
  • a base such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or potassium carbonate.
  • the 2-halobenzaldehydes of formula XIV are known compounds or may be obtained readily from known compounds using processes that are routine in the art and with which the skilled man will be familiar.
  • the compounds of formula 1.3 wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I and R 11 is Ci -8 alkyl can be obtained by reaction of a compound of formula 1.2, wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I and Hal is halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine, with an alcohol R u -OH and a base, such as sodium hydride, potassium hydride, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
  • the compounds of formula 1.4, wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I and R 11 is Ci -8 alkyl can be obtained by alkylation of a compound of formula 1.2, wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I and Hal is halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine, with an organometallic species, such as methylmagnesium chloride, methylmagnesium bromide, trimethylaluminum or R u B(OR 7 ) 2 or trimethylboroxine.
  • organometallic species such as methylmagnesium chloride, methylmagnesium bromide, trimethylaluminum or R u B(OR 7 ) 2 or trimethylboroxine.
  • the compounds of formula 1.4, wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I and R 11 is Ci -8 alkyl can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula IIw, wherein R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I and R 11 is Ci -8 alkyl with an oxidating agent, such as 2,3-dichloro-5,6- dicycano-p-benzoquinone, oxygen, manganese(IV) oxide or ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate.
  • an oxidating agent such as 2,3-dichloro-5,6- dicycano-p-benzoquinone, oxygen, manganese(IV) oxide or ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate.
  • a are as defined for formula I can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula XV, wherein R 1 and A are as defined for formula I and R 9 is InR 7 2 , MgCl, MgBr, ZnCl, ZnBr, SnR 7 3 or B(OR 7 ) 2 with a compound of formula XVI, wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are as defined for formula I, R 7 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkyl and R 10 is a halogen, preferably chloro, bromo or iodo or a sulfonic ester such as a mesylate or tosylate and a catalyst, such as tetrakistriphenylphosphine, palladium dichloride, [1, 1- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II), palladium acetate or bis(diphenylphosphine)palladium(I
  • the metallo-substituted pyridines of formula XV and the 2-haloquinazolines of formula XVI are known compounds or may be obtained readily from known compounds using processes that are routine in the art and with which the skilled man will be familiar.
  • the compounds of formula I, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and A are as defined for formula I can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula XVII, wherein R 1 and A are as defined for formula I and R 10 is a halogen, preferably chloro, bromo or iodo or a sulfonic ester such as a mesylate or tosylate with a compound of formula XVIII, wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are as defined for formula I, R 9 is In, MgCl, MgBr, ZnCl, ZnBr, SnR 7 3 or B(OR 7 ) 2 and R
  • di- and tri- substituted pyridines of formula XVII and the 2-metallo- substituted quinazolines of formula XVIII are known compounds or may be obtained readily from known compounds using processes that are routine in the art and with which the skilled man will be familiar.
  • the compounds of the present invention are useful in preventing microbial infection (in particular, fungal infection) or controlling plant pathogenic microbes (in particular, fungi) when they are applied to a plant or plant propagation material or the locus thereof in a microbicidally (fungicidally) effective amount. Accordingly, therefore, the present invention also provides a method of preventing and/or controlling microbial (fungal) infection in plants and/or plant propagation material comprising applying to the plant or plant propagation material or the locus thereof a microbicidally (fungicidally) effective amount of a compound of formula I. the present invention also provides a method of preventing and/or controlling microbial (fungal) infection in plants and/or plant propagation material comprising applying to the plant or plant propagation material or the locus thereof a microbicidally
  • 'preventing' or 'controlling' is meant reducing the infestation of microbes (fungus) to such a level that an improvement is demonstrated.
  • Plant propagation material is meant generative parts of a plant including seeds of all kinds (fruit, tubers, bulbs, grains etc), roots, rhizomes, cuttings, cut shoots and the like. Plant propagation material may also include plants and young plants which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil.
  • 'locus' is meant the place (e.g. the field) on which the plants to be treated are growing, or where the seeds of cultivated plants are sown, or the place where the seed will be placed into the soil.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be used against phytopathogenic fungi of the following classes: Fungi imperfecti (e.g. Alternaria spp.), Basidiomycetes (e.g. Corticium spp., Ceratobasidium spp., Waitea spp., Thanatephorus spp.,
  • Fungi imperfecti e.g. Alternaria spp.
  • Basidiomycetes e.g. Corticium spp., Ceratobasidium spp., Waitea spp., Thanatephorus spp.
  • Rhizoctonia spp. Hemileia spp., Puccinia spp., Phakopsora spp., Ustilago spp., Tilletia spp.
  • Ascomycetes e.g. Venturia spp., Blumeria spp., Erysiphe spp., Podosphaera spp., Uncinula spp., Monilinia spp., Sclerotinia spp., Colletotrichum spp., Glomerella spp., Fusarium spp., Gibber ella spp., Monographella spp.,
  • Outstanding activity is observed against powdery mildews (e.g.
  • novel compounds of formula I are effective against phytopathogenic gram negative and gram positive bacteria (e.g. Xanthomonas spp, Pseudomonas spp, Erwinia amylovora, Ralstonia spp.) and viruses (e.g. tobacco mosaic virus).
  • phytopathogenic gram negative and gram positive bacteria e.g. Xanthomonas spp, Pseudomonas spp, Erwinia amylovora, Ralstonia spp.
  • viruses e.g. tobacco mosaic virus
  • the compounds of the present invention are suitable for controlling microbial (fungal) disease on a number of plants and their propagation material including, but not limited to the following target crops: cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats, maize (including field corn, pop corn and sweet corn), rice, sorghum and related crops); beet (sugar beet and fodder beet); pomes, drupes and soft fruit (apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries and blackberries); leguminous plants (beans, lentils, peas, soybeans); oil plants (rape, mustard, sunflowers, poppy, olives, coconut, castor oil plants, cocoa beans and groundnuts); cucumber plants (pumpkins, marrows, cucumbers, melons); fibre plants (cotton, flax, hemp, jute); vegetables (spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, eggplants, onions, pepper, tomatoes, potatoes, paprika, o
  • lauraceae (avocado, cinnamomum, camphor) ornamentals flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees and evergreens, such as conifers); as well as other plants such as vines, bushberries (such as blueberries), caneberries, cranberries, peppermint, rhubarb, spearmint, sugar cane, tobacco, nuts, coffee, eggplants, tea, pepper, bvines, hops and turf grasses including, but not limited to, cool-season turf grasses (for example, bluegrasses (Poa L.), such as Kentucky bluegrass ⁇ Poa pratensis L ), rough bluegrass (Poa trivialis L ), Canada bluegrass ⁇ Poa compressa L.) and annual bluegrass ⁇ Poa annua L ); bentgrasses ⁇ Agrostis L ), such as creeping bentgrass ⁇ Agrostis pal
  • ryegrasses ⁇ Lolium L such as perennial ryegrass ⁇ Lolium perenne L.) and annual (Italian) ryegrass ⁇ Lolium multiflorum Lam.)) and warm-season turf grasses (for example, Bermudagrasses ⁇ Cynodon L. C. Rich), including hybrid and common Bermudagrass; Zoysiagrasses (Zoysia Willd.), St.
  • Crops' are to be understood to include those crops that have been made tolerant to pests and pesticides, including crops which are insect resistant or disease resistant as well as crops which are tolerant to herbicides or classes of herbicides, as a result of conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering.
  • Tolerance to e.g. herbicides means a reduced susceptibility to damage caused by a particular herbicide compared to conventional crop breeds.
  • Crops can be modified or bred so as to be tolerant, for example, to HPPD inhibitors such as mesotrione or EPSPS inhibitors such as glyphosate.
  • HPPD inhibitors such as mesotrione or EPSPS inhibitors such as glyphosate.
  • the compounds of formula I may be in unmodified form or, preferably, may be incorporated into microbicidal (fungicidal) compositions.
  • the compounds of formula I are therefore formulated together with carriers and adjuvants conventionally employed in the art of formulation, using methods well known to the person skilled in the field of formulation.
  • the invention therefore also relates to a composition for the control of microbial (fungal) infection comprising a compound of formula I and an
  • the agrochemical composition will usually contain from 0.1 to 99% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 95% by weight, of the compound of formula I, 99.9 to 1%) by weight, preferably 99.8 to 5% by weight, of a solid or liquid adjuvant, and from 0 to 25%) by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 25%> by weight, of a surfactant. Rates and frequency of use of the formulations are those conventionally used in the art and will depend on the risk of infestation by the pathogen, the
  • Advantageous rates of application are normally from 5g to 2kg of active ingredient (a.i.) per hectare (ha), preferably from lOg to 1kg a.i./ha, most preferably from 20g to 600g a.i./ha.
  • convenient rates of application are from lOmg to lg of active substance per kg of seeds.
  • the agrochemical compositions comprising compound of formula I are applied as a formulation containing the various adjuvants and carriers known to or used in the industry.
  • compositions may thus be formulated as granules, as wettable or soluble powders, as emulsifiable concentrates, as coatable pastes, as dusts, as flowables, as solutions, as suspensions or emulsions, or as controlled release forms such as microcapsules.
  • These formulations are described in more detail below and may contain as little as about 0.5% to as much as about 95% or more by weight of the active ingredient. The optimum amount will depend on formulation, application equipment and nature of the plant pathogenic microbe to be controlled.
  • Suspension concentrates are aqueous formulations in which finely divided solid particles of the active compound are suspended. Such formulations include anti- settling agents and dispersing agents and may further include a wetting agent to enhance activity as well an anti-foam and a crystal growth inhibitor. In use, these concentrates are diluted in water and normally applied as a spray to the area to be treated. The amount of active ingredient may range from about 0.5% to about 95% of the concentrate. Wettable powders are in the form of finely divided particles which disperse readily in water or other liquid carriers. The particles contain the active ingredient retained in a solid matrix. Typical solid matrices include fuller's earth, kaolin clays, silicas and other readily wet organic or inorganic solids. Wettable powders normally contain about 5% to about 95% of the active ingredient plus a small amount of wetting, dispersing or emulsifying agent.
  • Emulsifiable concentrates are homogeneous liquid compositions dispersible in water or other liquid and may consist entirely of the active compound with a liquid or solid emulsifying agent, or may also contain a liquid carrier, such as xylene, heavy aromatic naphthas, isophorone and other non-volatile organic solvents. In use, these concentrates are dispersed in water or other liquid and normally applied as a spray to the area to be treated. The amount of active ingredient may range from about 0.5% to about 95% of the concentrate.
  • Granular formulations include both extrudates and relatively coarse particles and are usually applied without dilution to the area in which control of plant pathogenic microbe is required.
  • Typical inert carriers for granular formulations include sand, fuller's earth, attapulgite clay, bentonite clays, montmorillonite clay, vermiculite, perlite, calcium carbonate, brick, pumice, pyrophyllite, kaolin, dolomite, plaster, wood flour, ground corn cobs, ground peanut hulls, sugars, sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, sodium silicate, sodium borate, magnesia, mica, iron oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, antimony oxide, cryolite, gypsum, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulphate and other organic or inorganic materials which absorb or which can be coated with the active compound.
  • the inert granular carrier can be partially or wholly replaced by a granular fertilizer material.
  • Granular formulations normally contain about 5% to about 25% active ingredients which may include surface-active agents such as heavy aromatic naphthas, kerosene and other petroleum fractions, or vegetable oils; and/or stickers such as dextrins, glue or synthetic resins.
  • Dusts are free-flowing admixtures of the active ingredient with finely divided solids such as talc, clays, flours and other organic and inorganic solids which act as dispersants and carriers.
  • Microcapsules are typically droplets or granules of the active ingredient enclosed in an inert porous shell which allows escape of the enclosed material to the surroundings at controlled rates.
  • Encapsulated droplets are typically about 1 to 50 microns in diameter.
  • the enclosed liquid typically constitutes about 50 to 95% of the weight of the capsule and may include solvent in addition to the active compound.
  • Encapsulated granules are generally porous granules with porous membranes sealing the granule pore openings, retaining the active species in liquid form inside the granule pores.
  • Granules typically range from 1 millimetre to 1 centimetre and preferably 1 to 2 millimetres in diameter. Granules are formed by extrusion, agglomeration or prilling, or are naturally occurring.
  • Shell or membrane materials include natural and synthetic rubbers, cellulosic materials, styrene-butadiene copolymers, polyacrylonitriles, polyacrylates, polyesters, polyamides, polyureas, polyurethanes and starch xanthates.
  • compositions for agrochemical applications include simple solutions of the active ingredient in a solvent in which it is completely soluble at the desired concentration, such as acetone, alkylated naphthalenes, xylene and other organic solvents.
  • Pressurised sprayers wherein the active ingredient is dispersed in finely-divided form as a result of vaporisation of a low boiling dispersant solvent carrier, may also be used.
  • Suitable agricultural adjuvants and carriers that are useful in formulating the compositions of the invention in the formulation types described above are well known to those skilled in the art. Suitable examples of the different classes are found in the non-limiting list below.
  • Liquid carriers that can be employed include water, toluene, xylene, petroleum naphtha, crop oil, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetic anhydride, acetonitrile, acetophenone, amyl acetate, 2-butanone, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, alkyl acetates, diacetonalcohol, 1,2-dichloropropane, diethanolamine, p-diethylbenzene, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol abietate, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, N,N- dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, diproxito
  • Suitable solid carriers include talc, titanium dioxide, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, chalk, diatomaxeous earth, lime, calcium carbonate, bentonite clay, fuller's earth, cotton seed hulls, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, walnut shell flour, lignin and the like.
  • a broad range of surface-active agents are advantageously employed in both said liquid and solid compositions, especially those designed to be diluted with carrier before application. These agents, when used, normally comprise from 0.1% to 15% by weight of the formulation. They can be anionic, cationic, non-ionic or polymeric in character and can be employed as emulsifying agents, wetting agents, suspending agents or for other purposes.
  • Typical surface active agents include salts of alkyl sulfates, such as diethanolammonium lauryl sulphate; alkylarylsulfonate salts, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; alkylphenol-alkylene oxide addition products, such as nonylphenol-C.sub. 18 ethoxylate; alcohol-alkylene oxide addition products, such as tridecyl alcohol-C.sub. 16 ethoxylate; soaps, such as sodium stearate;
  • alkylnaphthalenesulfonate salts such as sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate
  • dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinate salts such as sodium di(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate
  • sorbitol esters such as sorbitol oleate
  • quaternary amines such as lauryl trimethylammonium chloride
  • polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids such as polyethylene glycol stearate
  • block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and salts of mono and dialkyl phosphate esters.
  • adjuvants commonly utilized in agricultural compositions include crystallisation inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, suspending agents, spray droplet modifiers, pigments, antioxidants, foaming agents, anti-foaming agents, light- blocking agents, compatibilizing agents, antifoam agents, sequestering agents, neutralising agents and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, odorants, spreading agents, penetration aids, micronutrients, emollients, lubricants, sticking agents, and the like.
  • biocidally active ingredients or compositions may be combined with the compound of formula I and used in the methods of the invention and applied simultaneously or sequentially with the compound of formula I. When applied simultaneously, these further active ingredients may be formulated together with the compound of formula I or mixed in, for example, the spray tank. These further biocidally active ingredients may be fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides and/or plant growth regulators.
  • the present invention provides a composition
  • a composition comprising (i) a compound of formula I and a further fungicide, (ii) a compound of formula I and a herbicide, (iii) a compound of formula I and an insecticide, (iv) a compound of formula I and a bactericide; (v) a compound of formula I and an acaricide, (vi) a compound of formula I and a nematicide and/or (vii) a compound of formula I and a plant growth regulator.
  • the compounds of the invention may also be applied with one or more systemically acquired resistance inducers ("SAR" inducer). SAR inducers are known and described in, for example, US Patent No.
  • 6,919,298 and include, for example, salicylates and the commercial SAR inducer acibenzolar-S-methyl.
  • the amount of the mixture and a further, other biocidally active ingredients or compositions combined with the compound of formula I to be applied, will depend on various factors, such as the compounds employed; the subject of the treatment, such as, for example plants, soil or seeds; the type of treatment, such as, for example spraying, dusting or seed dressing; the purpose of the treatment, such as, for example prophylactic or therapeutic; the type of fungi to be controlled or the application time.
  • TX means "one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds of formulae from the lines La 001 to I.z 925 described in Tables 1 a) to 1 z
  • the abbreviation "TX” means at least one compound selected from the compounds La 001 to I.z 925, preferably the abbreviation "TX” means "one compound selected from the group consisting of the compound selected from the tables 2 to 13 of the present invention, thus the abbreviation "TX” preferably means at least one compound selected from the compounds tables 2 to 13 of the present invention):
  • X is a bivalent roup selected from
  • Ri is cyclopropyl substituted by cyclopropyl at the 1 -position, R 2 is bromine, R 3 is methyl, R 4 is CN and X is Xi;
  • Ri is methyl substituted by cyclopropyl
  • R 2 is CF 3
  • R 3 is methyl
  • R 4 is CI
  • X is
  • Ri is cyclopropyl substituted by cyclopropyl at the 1 -position, R 2 is CF 3 , R 3 is methyl, R 4 is CI and X is Xi;
  • Ri is cyclopropyl substituted by cyclopropyl at the 1 -position, R 2 is CF 3 , R 3 is methyl, R 4 is CN and X is Xi; e) Ri is cyclopropyl substituted by cyclopropyl at the 1 -position, R 2 is OCH 2 CF 3 , R 3 is methyl, R 4 is CN and X is Xi;
  • Ri is isopropyl, R 2 is methoxy; R 3 is methyl, R 4 is hydrogen and X is X 8 ;
  • Ri is isopropyl, R 2 is trifluoromethyl, R 3 is chlorine, R 4 is hydrogen and X is X 8 ; h) Ri is isopropyl, R 2 is trifluoromethyl, R 3 is methyl, R 4 is hydrogen and X is X 8 ; i) Ri is methyl, R 2 is bromine, R 3 is methyl, R 4 is CN and X is Xi ;
  • Ri is methyl
  • R 2 is bromine
  • R 3 is methyl
  • R 4 is CI
  • X is Xi
  • compositions comprising a compound of formula TX and
  • a strobilurin fungicide + TX (B2) an azole fungicide + TX, (B3) a morpholine fungicide + TX, (B4) an anilinopyrimidine fungicide + TX, (B5) a fungicide selected from the group consisting of
  • a strobilurin fungicide selected from azoxystrobin (47) + TX, dimoxystrobin (226) + TX, fluoxastrobin (382) + TX, kresoxim-methyl (485) + TX, metominostrobin (551) + TX, orysastrobin + TX, picoxystrobin (647) + TX, pyraclostrobin (690);
  • an azole fungicide selected from azaconazole (40) + TX, bromuconazole (96) + TX, cyproconazole (207) + TX, difenoconazole (247) + TX, diniconazole (267) + TX, diniconazole-M (267) + TX, epoxiconazole (298) + TX, fenbuconazole (329) + TX, fluquinconazole (385) + TX, flusilazole (393) + TX, flutriafol (397) + TX, hexaconazole (435) + TX, imazalil (449) + TX, imibenconazole (457) + TX, ipconazole (468) + TX, metconazole (525) + TX, myclobutanil (564) + TX, oxpoconazole (607) + TX, pefurazoate (618) + TX, pen
  • a morpholine fungicide mixture selected from aldimorph + TX, dodemorph (288) + TX, fenpropimorph (344) + TX, tridemorph (830) + TX, fenpropidin (343) + TX, spiroxamine (740) + TX, piperalin (648) and a compound of formula B-3.1 +TX
  • an anilino-pyrimidine fungicide selected from cyprodinil (208) + TX, mepanipyrim (508) and pyrimethanil (705);
  • a fungicide mixture selected from the group consisting of
  • a plant-bioregulator selected from the group consisting of
  • an insecticide selected from the group consisting of
  • a strobilurin fungicide selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin + TX, dimoxystrobin + TX, fluoxastrobin + TX, kresoxim-methyl + TX, metominostrobin + TX, orysastrobin + TX, picoxystrobin + TX, pyraclostrobin; trifloxystrobin and a compound of formula B- 1.1 ;
  • an azole fungicide selected from the group consisting of azaconazole + TX, bromuconazole + TX, cyproconazole + TX, difenoconazole + TX, diniconazole + TX, diniconazole-M + TX, epoxiconazole + TX, fenbuconazole + TX, fluquinconazole + TX, flusilazole + TX, flutriafol + TX, hexaconazole + TX, imazalil + TX,
  • an anilino-pyrimidine fungicide selected from the group consisting of cyprodinil + TX, mepanipyrim and pyrimethanil;
  • a fungicide selected from the group consisting of benalaxyl + TX, benalaxyl-M + TX, benomyl + TX, bitertanol + TX, boscalid + TX, captan + TX, carboxin + TX, carpropamid + TX, chlorothalonil + TX, copper + TX, cyazofamid + TX, cymoxanil + TX, diethofencarb + TX, dithianon + TX, famoxadone + TX, fenamidone + TX, fenhexamide + TX, fenoxycarb + TX, fenpiclonil + TX, fluazinam + TX, fludioxonil + TX, flutolanil + TX, folpet + TX, guazatine + TX, hymexazole + TX, iprodione + TX
  • a plant-bioregulator selected from acibenzolar-S-methyl + TX, chlormequat chloride + TX, ethephon + TX, mepiquat chloride and trinexapc-ethyl;
  • an insecticide selected from abamectin + TX, emamectin benzoate + TX, tefluthrin + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, and glyphosate + TX, a compound of formula V
  • the formulations of the invention and for use in the methods of the invention can be applied to the areas where control is desired by conventional methods such as spraying, atomising, dusting, scattering, coating or pouring.
  • Dust and liquid compositions for example, can be applied by the use of power-dusters, broom and hand sprayers and spray dusters.
  • the formulations can also be applied from airplanes as a dust or a spray or by rope wick applications.
  • One method of applying the formulation of the invention is foliar application.
  • both solid and liquid formulations may also be applied to the soil in the locus of the plant to be treated allowing the active ingredient to penetrate the plant through the roots.
  • the formulations of the invention may also be used for dressing applications on plant propagation material to provide protection against microbial (fungal) infections on the plant propagation material as well as against phytopathogenic microbes (fungi) occurring in the soil.
  • the active ingredient may be applied to plant propagation material to be protected by impregnating the plant propagation material, in particular, seeds, either with a liquid formulation or coating it with a solid formulation.
  • other types of application are also possible, for example, the specific treatment of plant cuttings or twigs serving propagation. It is noted that, whereas it is preferred to formulate commercial products as concentrates, the end user will normally use dilute formulations.
  • the compounds of formula I find general use as fungicides and may therefore also be used in methods to control pathogenic fungi in related areas, for example in the protection of technical materials, in food storage or in hygiene management.
  • the present invention further provides the use of a compound of formula I for preventing and/or controlling fungal infection on technical materials, in food storage or in hygiene management.
  • the present invention also provides a method for controlling and/or preventing infestation of technical materials by fungi comprising applying the compound of formula I to the technical material or the locus thereof in a fungicidally effective amount.
  • “Technical materials” include but are not limited to organic and inorganic materials such as wood, paper, leather, natural and synthetic fibers, composites thereof such as particle board, plywood, wall-board and the like, woven and non- woven fabrics, construction surfaces and materials (e.g. building material), cooling and heating system surfaces and materials, ventilation and air conditioning system surfaces and materials, and the like.
  • the compounds and combinations according the present invention can be applied to such materials or surfaces in an amount effective to inhibit or prevent disadvantageous effects such as decay, discoloration or mold in like manner as described above. Structures and dwellings constructed using or incorporating technical materials in which such compounds or combinations have been applied are likewise protected against attack by fungi
  • the technical material can be treated with a compound of formula I in a number of ways, including, but not limited to, by including the compound in the technical material itself, absorbing, impregnating, treating (in closed pressure or vacuum systems) said material with said compound, dipping or soaking the building material, or coating the material for example by curtain coating, roller, brush, spray, atomisation, dusting, scattering or pouring application.
  • the compound of the invention can be formulated for use in treatment of technical materials by using techniques well known to the person skilled in the art. Such formulations may utilise for example, the formulation materials listed above in relation to agrochemical formulations.
  • the compounds of the present invention may find use as plant growth regulators or in plant health applications.
  • Plant growth regulators are generally any substances or mixtures of substances intended to accelerate or retard the rate of growth or maturation, or otherwise alter the development of plants or their produce.
  • Plant growth regulators affect growth and differentiation of plants.
  • various plant growth regulators can, for example, reduce plant height, stimulate seed germination, induce flowering, darken leaf coloring, change the rate of plant growth and modify the timing and efficiency of fruiting.
  • Plant health applications include, for example, improvement of advantageous properties/crop characteristics including: emergence, crop yields, protein content, increased vigour, faster maturation, increased speed of seed emergence, improved nitrogen utilization efficiency, improved water use efficiency, improved oil content and /or quality, improved digestibility, faster ripening, improved flavor, improved starch content, more developed root system (improved root growth), improved stress tolerance (e.g.
  • tillering increase, increase in plant height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger tillers, greener leaf color, pigment content, photosynthetic activity, less input needed (such as fertilizers or water), less seeds needed, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, early grain maturity, less plant verse (lodging), increased shoot growth, enhanced plant vigor, increased plant stand and early and better germination.
  • Advantageous properties, obtained especially from foliar and/or in-furrow application are e.g. improved plant growth and plant development, better growth, more tillers, greener leafes, largers leaves, more biomass, better roots, improved stress tolerance of the plants, more grain yield, more biomass harvested, improved quality of the harvest (content of fatty acids, metabolites, oil etc), more marketable products (e.g. improved size), improved process (e.g. longer shelf-life, better extraction of compounds), improved quality of seeds (for being seeded in the following seasons for seed production); or any other advantages familiar to a person skilled in the art.
  • plant health thus comprises various sorts of improvements of plants that are not connected to the control of harmful microbes.
  • dichloromethane (950 mg, 1.1 mmol) is added and the reaction mixture is stirred for 2 h at 95 °C. Subsequently the reaction mixture is cooled, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer is washed with sodium hydroxide solution (1 M in water) and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The remainder is purified by chromatography on silica gel, using a mixture of cyclohexane / ethyl acetate 2 : 1 as eluent to obtain 2-(3-fluoro-4- methoxyphenyl)-3-methylpyridine.
  • N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (5.0 g, 47 mmol) is added slowly within 30 min.
  • the reaction mixture is stirred for 16 h at 65°C, then quenched by slow addition of water.
  • the organic layer is washed with sodium hydroxide solution (2 M in water) and water, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure.
  • the remainder is purified by chromatography on silica gel, using a mixture of cyclohexane / ethyl acetate 3 : 1 as eluent to obtain 6-(3- fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylpyridine-2-carbonitrile.
  • anthranilic acid (8.7 g, 64 mmol) is added and the reaction mixture is stirred for 16 h at 95 °C, then cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate and extracted with sodium hydroxide solution (2 M in water). The combined organic layer is then washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue is taken up in 15 ml of dichloromethane, stirred for 10 min and filtered to obtain 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylpyridin-2-yl]-3H-quinazolin-4-one.
  • Example 2 This example illustrates the preparation of 2-(6-benzylpyridin-2-yl)- quinazoline (Compound La.17); a) Preparation of 2-(6-bromopyridin-2-yl)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazoline A solution of pyridine (5.1 g, 64 mmol) in 50 ml of dichloromethane is added to a solution of thionyl chloride (7.6 g, 64 mmol) in 50 ml of dichloromethane at 0 °C.
  • 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicycano-p-benzoquinone (121 g, 0.53 mol) is added to a suspension of 2-(6-bromopyridin-2-yl)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazoline (77 g, 0.26 mol) in 1450 ml of toluene.
  • the reaction mixture is stirred for 30 min at room temperature, basified with sodium hydroxide solution (5 M in water) and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer is washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure.
  • Tetrakis(triphenylphosphin)palladium (0.36 g, 0.32 mmol) is added and the mixture is stirred for 30 min at 65 °C.
  • 70 ml of a benzylzinc bromide solution (0.5 M in tetrahydrofurane) are added and the reaction mixture is heated to reflux for 16 h.
  • the mixture is cooled and 250 ml of a EDTA solution (12 % in water) are added and the mixture is stirred for further 72 h at room temperature, then diluted with sodium hydroxide solution (1 M in water) and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer is washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure.
  • Example 3 This example illustrates the preparation of 2-(6-o-tolyloxypyridin-2-yl)- quinazoline (CompoundTable 4/Entry 22)
  • Example 4 This example illustrates the preparation of 2-[6-(4-chlorophenylsulfanyl)- pyridin-2-yl]-quinazoline (CompoundTable 9/Entry 3)
  • Example 5 This example illustrates the preparation of 4-Methyl-2-(5-methyl-6- phenyl-pyridin-2-yl)-quinazoline (Compound Table 1 I/Entry 8) a) Synthesis of 3-methyl-2-phenyl-pyridine:
  • dimethoxyethane (1.3 L) was added in one portion phenylboronic acid (42.5 g, 349 mmol) at room temperature, followed by an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate (3 M in water, 233 mL, 698 mmol). The mixture was degassed with argon for about 30 minutes, after which [l, l '-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II), complex with dichloromethane (4.3 g, 5.0 mmol) was added, under argon. The reaction was stirred at 95°C for 2 hours. The crude mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and water and the organic layer was decanted.
  • ionization method electrospray, polarity: positive ionization, capillary (kV) 3.00, cone (V) 30.00, Extractor (V) 3.00, source temperature (°C) 150, desolvation temperature (°C) 320, cone gas flow (L/Hr) 50, desolvation gas flow (L/Hr) 400, mass range: 150 to 800 Da.
  • ionization method electrospray, polarity: positive ionization, capillary (kV) 3.00, cone (V) 30.00, extractor (V) 3.00, source temperature (°C) 100, desolvation temperature (°C) 200, cone gas flow (L/Hr) 200, desolvation gas flow (L/Hr) 250, mass range: 150 to 800 Da.
  • Ionisation method Electrospray ;Polarity: positive ions; Capillary (kV) 3.00, Cone (V) 30.00, Extractor (V) 2.00, Source Temperature (°C) 100, Desolvation Temperature (°C) 250, Cone Gas Flow (L/Hr) 50, Desolvation Gas Flow (L/Hr) 400 ; Mass range: 150 to 1000 Da
  • Table 2 shows retention time and (M+H) + value and/or melting point value measured for selected compounds of the formula La where R 1 is H and A is optionally substituted aryl
  • Table 3 shows retention time and (M+H) + value and/or melting point value measured for selected compounds of the formula La where R 1 is Methyl and A is optionally substituted aryl
  • Table 5 shows retention time and (M+H) + value and/or melting point value measured for selected compounds of the formula La where Rl is Methyl and A is optionally substituted aryloxy
  • Table 6 shows retention time and (M+H) + value and/or melting point value measured for selected compounds of the formula La where R 1 is H and A is optionally substituted arylalkyl.
  • Table 7 shows retention time and (M+H) + value and/or melting point value measured for selected compounds of the formula La where R 1 is Methyl and A is optionally substituted arylalkyl.
  • Table 8 shows retention time and (M+H) + value and/or melting point value measured for selected compounds of the formula La where R 1 is Methyl or H and A is optionally substituted C2-8-alkynyl.
  • Table 9 shows retention time and (M+H) + value and/or melting point value measured for selected compounds of the formula La where R 1 is methyl or H and A is arylthio
  • Table 10 shows retention time and (M+H) + value and/or melting point value measured for selected compounds of the formula La where R 1 is H or methyl and A is halogen, unsubstituted and substituted C 1-8 alkyl, C 2-8 alkenyl, C 3 -10 cycloalkyl, substituted and unsubstituted C 1-8 alkoxy, C 1-8 haloalkyl and arylalkyloxy
  • Table 11 shows retention time and (M+H) + value and/or melting point value measured for selected compounds of the formula I where R 1 is Methyl , A is unsubstituted phenyl and at least one substituent among R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 is different from H
  • Table 12 shows retention time and (M+H) + value and/or melting point value measured for selected compounds of the formula I where R 1 is H or methyl , A is C 1-8 alkyl, or arylalkyl and at least one substituent among R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 is different from H
  • Table 13 shows retention time and (M+H) value and/or melting point value measured for selected compounds of the formula I where R 1 is H or methyl , A is C 2-10 alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl and R 2 is CI -8 alkyl or CI -8 alkoxy.
  • Table 14 shows retention time and (M+H) + value and/or melting point value measured for selected compounds of the formula I where R 1 Methoxy and A is halogen, C 2 - 10 alkynyl, aryl, aryloxy and arylalkyl
  • Example 6 Biological examples Alternaria solani I tomato / preventative (Alternaria on tomato)
  • 4-week old tomato plants cv. Roter Gnom are treated with the formulated test compound in a spray chamber.
  • the test plants are inoculated by spraying them with a spore suspension two days after application.
  • the inoculated test plants are incubated at 22/18° C (day/night) and 95% rh in a greenhouse and the percentage leaf area covered by disease is assessed when an appropriate level of disease appears on untreated check plants (5 - 7 days after application).
  • Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea) I tomato / preventative (Botrytis on tomato) 4-week old tomato plants cv. Roter Gnom are treated with the formulated test compound in a spray chamber.
  • the test plants are inoculated by spraying them with a spore suspension two days after application.
  • the inoculated test plants are incubated at 20° C and 95% rh in a greenhouse and the percentage leaf area covered by disease is assessed when an appropriate level of disease appears on untreated check plants (5 - 6 days after application).
  • 5-week old grape seedlings cv. Gutedel are treated with the formulated test compound in a spray chamber.
  • the test plants are inoculated by shaking plants infected with grape powdery mildew above them 1 day after application.
  • the inoculated test plants are incubated at 24/22° C (day/night) and 70% rh under a light regime of 14/10 h (light/dark) and the percentage leaf area covered by disease is assessed when an appropriate level of disease appears on untreated check plants (7 - 9 days after application).
  • Mycosphaerella arachidis (Cercospora arachidicola) / peanut / preventative
  • 3 -week old peanut plants cv. Georgia Green are treated with the formulated test compound in a spray chamber.
  • the test plants are inoculated by spraying them with a spore suspension on their lower leaf surface one day after application. After an incubation period of 4 days under a plastic hood at 23° C and 100% rh, the test plants are kept at 23° C / 20° C (day/night) and 70% rh in a greenhouse.
  • the percentage leaf area covered by disease is assessed when an appropriate level of disease appears on untreated check plants (12 - 14 days after application).
  • 2-week old wheat plants cv. Riband are treated with the formulated test compound in a spray chamber.
  • the test plants are inoculated by spraying a spore suspension on them one day after application. After an incubation period of 1 day at 22°C/21 °C (day/night) and 95% rh, the test plants are kept at 22°C/21°C (day/night) and 70% rh in a greenhouse.
  • the percentage leaf area covered by disease is assessed when an appropriate level of disease appears on untreated check plants (16 - 19 days after application).
  • 2-week old potato plants cv. Bintje are treated with the formulated test compound in a spray chamber.
  • the test plants are inoculated by spraying them with a sporangia suspension 2 days after application.
  • the inoculated test plants are incubated at 18° C with 14 h light/day and 100 % rh in a growth chamber and the percentage leaf area covered by disease is assessed when an appropriate level of disease appears on untreated check plants (5 - 7 days after application).
  • Plasmopara viticola I grape / preventative Gram downy mildew
  • 5-week old grape seedlings cv. Gutedel are treated with the formulated test compound in a spray chamber.
  • the test plants plants are inoculated by spraying a sporangia suspension on their lower leaf surface one day after application.
  • the inoculated test plants are incubated at 22° C and 100% rh in a greenhouse and the percentage leaf area covered by disease is assessed when an appropriate level of disease appears on untreated check plants (6 - 8 days after application).
  • 1-week old barley plants cv. Regina are treated with the formulated test compound in a spray chamber.
  • the test plants are inoculated by spraying them with a spore suspension 2 days after application.
  • the inoculated test plants are incubated at 20° C and 95%> rh and the percentage leaf area covered by disease is assessed when an appropriate level of disease appears on untreated check plants (5 - 7 days after application).
  • Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Septoria nodorum) I wheat / leaf disc preventative (Glume blotch)
  • Wheat leaf segments cv. Kanzler are placed on agar in a multiwell plate (24-well format) and sprayed with the formulated test compound diluted in water.
  • the leaf disks are inoculated with a spore suspension of the fungus 2 days after application.
  • the inoculated test leaf disks are incubated at 20oC and 75% rh under a light regime of 12 h light / 12 h darkness in a climate cabinet and the activity of a compound is assessed as percent disease control compared to untreated when an appropriate level of disease damage appears in untreated check leaf disks (5 - 7 days after application).
  • Example 7 Biological examples with mixtures Liquid culture tests in well plates:
  • Mycelia fragments or conidia suspensions of a fungus prepared either freshly from liquid cultures of the fungus or from cryogenic storage, are directly mixed into nutrient broth.
  • DMSO solutions of the test compound (max. 10 mg/ml) is diluted with 0.025% Tween20 by factor 50 and 10 ⁇ of this solution is pipetted into a microtiter plate (96-well format).
  • the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores/mycelia fragments is then added to give an end concentration of the tested compound.
  • the test plates are incubated in the dark at 24°C and 96% rh.
  • the inhibition of fungal growth is determined photometrically after 2 - 7 days, depending on the pathosystem, and percent antifungal activity relative to the untreated check is calculated.
  • Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24°C and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 2-3 day after application.
  • nutrient broth PDB potato dextrose broth
  • Botryotinia fuckeliana Botryotinia fuckeliana I liquid culture in Vogels media (Gray mould)
  • Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (Vogels broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of test compound into a microtiter plate (96-well format), the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24°C and the inhibition of growth is determined photometrically 3-4 days after application.
  • DMSO fetal sulfate
  • Botrytinia fuckeliana Botrytis cinerea

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne, d'une part une composition permettant de lutter contre des maladies provoquées par des agents phytopathogènes, et d'autre part un procédé de lutte contre de telles maladies affectant des plantes utiles. Cette composition comprend (A) un composé représenté par la formule (I), ou l'un de ses sels ou N-oxydes, et (B) au moins un composé pris parmi les composés connus pour leur activité fongicide, les substituants de la formule (I) étant tels que définis dans la revendication N°1.
PCT/EP2011/071073 2010-11-26 2011-11-25 Mélanges fongicides WO2012069652A2 (fr)

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US10966429B2 (en) 2016-03-07 2021-04-06 Agrofresh Inc. Synergistic methods of using benzoxaborole compounds and preservative gases as an antimicrobial for crops
US11039617B2 (en) 2013-01-30 2021-06-22 Agrofresh Inc. Large scale methods of uniformly coating packaging surfaces with a volatile antimicrobial to preserve food freshness

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