WO2012069498A1 - Offshore wind-powered device with specific semi-submersible float - Google Patents

Offshore wind-powered device with specific semi-submersible float Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012069498A1
WO2012069498A1 PCT/EP2011/070722 EP2011070722W WO2012069498A1 WO 2012069498 A1 WO2012069498 A1 WO 2012069498A1 EP 2011070722 W EP2011070722 W EP 2011070722W WO 2012069498 A1 WO2012069498 A1 WO 2012069498A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
submerged
float
column
columns
stabilizing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/070722
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Alexander Mitzlaff
Cyril Bourgoin
Original Assignee
Nass&Wind Industrie
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nass&Wind Industrie filed Critical Nass&Wind Industrie
Priority to EP11784725.1A priority Critical patent/EP2643209A1/en
Publication of WO2012069498A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012069498A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
    • B63B1/107—Semi-submersibles; Small waterline area multiple hull vessels and the like, e.g. SWATH
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
    • B63B39/06—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by using foils acting on ambient water
    • B63B2039/067—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by using foils acting on ambient water effecting motion dampening by means of fixed or movable resistance bodies, e.g. by bilge keels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an offshore floating wind turbine device comprising a wind turbine mounted on a semi-submersible float, more particularly such a device with a particular float.
  • Floating structures for example of the semi-submersible type, barge, offshore oil production and storage vessel, SPAR
  • SPAR offshore oil production and storage vessel
  • a floating offshore wind turbine device comprising a semi-submersible type float and at least one wind turbine comprising blades, a rotor, a nacelle and a mast, the mast being assembled. to said float.
  • the float comprises at least three columns, each column comprising a non-immersed portion and a submerged portion, and connecting elements for rigidly connecting the columns to each other.
  • a horizontal plate In order to stabilize the float, a horizontal plate, called anti-heave plate, is attached to the base of each column.
  • the function of this plate is to increase the added mass of the system as well as to reinforce the damping phenomena.
  • the plates In order to withstand the extreme and fatigue loads induced by the waves, the plates must be supported by an additional reinforcing structure, including radial stiffeners, spacers between the stiffeners and the column, several cross members between two adjacent stiffeners and several side members between the sleepers.
  • the anti-heave plates are formed by thin steel panels, these thin panels being mounted on the underside of the reinforcing structure.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a new float design to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, and in particular to minimize the movements, speeds and accelerations at the nacelle and the rotor, and that is especially simple design .
  • the present invention proposes an offshore floating wind turbine device comprising a semi-submersible type float and at least one wind turbine comprising blades, a rotor, preferably having a horizontal axis of rotation, a nacelle and a mast, the mast being assembled to said float.
  • Said float comprises at least three columns, said outer, for example substantially vertical, having a longitudinal axis, each column comprising a non-immersed portion and a submerged portion, and connecting elements for rigidly connecting the columns to each other.
  • Said float is characterized in that the submerged portion of at least one of the columns comprises at least one stabilization portion of larger cross section than the cross section of the remainder of the immersed portion, which defines an upper surface and a lower surface connected to one another by a peripheral surface, thus forming a substantial displacement volume.
  • the upper surface and the lower surface are vertically distant from each other, these remote surfaces imparting specific hydromechanical properties that provide an effective stabilizing effect to the float.
  • the stepped column according to the invention equipped with a stabilizing portion with distant upper and lower surfaces, provides hydromechanical properties different from the float, with a cooling effect. higher stabilization.
  • At least one of the columns preferably all the outer columns of the float, have such stepped geometry to form at least one immersed stabilization portion which is fully integrated with the column structure.
  • This column equipped with stabilizing portion can be manufactured easily.
  • the stabilizing portion can be sized to provide a high stabilizing effect while ensuring stabilizing portion good resistance to hydrodynamic loads.
  • the stabilization portion fully integrated in the column constitutes a volume that can be used as a ballast tank or can constitute an effective ballast.
  • the float according to the invention can be easily adapted to different locations and different wind turbines.
  • the stabilizing portion may be coaxial or non-coaxial with the rest of the column.
  • the connecting elements comprise at least one submerged lower beam or pontoon rigidly connecting two stabilizing portions to one another.
  • Each pontoon has an upper surface and a lower surface, preferably spaced from each other and preferably connected to each other by side surfaces, to constitute a volume for the displacement of water, and to provide thus a stabilizing effect.
  • the pontoons may also constitute a volume that can be used as a ballast tank or can constitute an effective ballast.
  • the float according to the invention provided with these stepped columns, in combination in particular with such pontoons, makes it possible to propose a hydromechanical system with movement characteristics that are specifically adapted to the function, the loads and the reliability of the wind turbine. .
  • the float according to the invention makes it possible to minimize the static inclination of the wind turbine resulting from the thrust forces due to the wind, as well as the dynamic inclination of the wind turbine.
  • the float according to the invention makes it possible to minimize the movements, speeds and accelerations of the nacelle and the rotor.
  • One consequence is the reduction of the dynamic impact induced by the relative speed of movement of the rotor plane in the wind field.
  • the amplitude of the speed variations at the end of the blade is also reduced and the risk of seeing resonance phenomena and / or unstable dynamic behavior is thus limited.
  • the float according to the invention thus makes it possible to improve the quality of the electrical production of the wind turbine and its efficiency.
  • each column is in the form of a hollow body comprising a peripheral wall, the stabilization portion being weighted and / or constitutes a ballast tank.
  • each immersed pontoon preferably arranged substantially horizontally, has a substantially rectangular cross-section with an upper surface and a lower surface connected to one another by two lateral surfaces, the horizontal dimension, also called width the pontoon, being preference greater than or equal to the vertical dimension, also called pontoon height.
  • each submerged portion of each column comprises a stabilizing portion.
  • the float comprises several submerged pontoons, each submerged pontoon connecting two adjacent columns.
  • the submerged portion comprises an upper portion extending downwardly from the non-immersed portion, the stabilizing portion extending downwardly from said upper portion, and preferably constitutes the end portion. of the column.
  • the ratio (cross section of the stabilization portion in m / cross section of the upper portion in m) is between 1.00 and 5.00, preferably between 2.50 and 3.50, even better between 2.90 and 3.20, and / or the ratio (height of the upper portion / height of the stabilizing portion) is between 2.00 and 10.00, preferably between 4.00 and 6, 50, even better between 5.00 and 5.50.
  • the height of the upper portion and the height of the stabilizing portion correspond to the lengths of said portions along the longitudinal axis of the column.
  • the cross section of the upper portion and the cross section of the non-immersed portion are substantially constant and are substantially equal.
  • the cross section of the stabilizing portion may be substantially constant or may be variable.
  • the column and in particular its stabilizing portion, may be of cylindrical shape, with a circular cross section.
  • the cross section of the column and the stabilizing portion of the column may be of any other shape.
  • the columns are substantially vertical. According to alternative embodiments, the columns are inclined, for example at an angle of 5 ° to 25 ° relative to the vertical, preferably inclined outwards.
  • the distance between the upper surface and the lower surface of the pontoon, which corresponds to the height pontoon is at least 1 meter (m), preferably at least 2 m, more preferably at least 3 m.
  • the ratio (pontoon height / height of the stabilization portion) is between 0.5 and 4.0, preferably between 0.8 and 2.5, better still between 1.0 and 2. , 0.
  • the ratio (cross section of the upper portion of the column / cross section of the pontoon) is between 0.5 and 4.0, preferably between 0.8 and 3.0, better still between 1 and , 2 and 2.0.
  • the submerged pontoon is in the form of a hollow body comprising a peripheral wall, the submerged pontoon being ballasted and / or constitutes a ballast tank.
  • the upper surface and the lower surface of the stabilizing portion are substantially horizontal and / or the peripheral surface of the stabilizing portion is substantially vertical.
  • the pontoons and / or the stabilizing portion are made of concrete or filled with concrete.
  • the height of the stabilization portion which corresponds to the distance between the upper surface and the lower surface of the stabilizing portion, is at least 1 meter (m), preferably at least 2 m, even better by at least 3 m.
  • the ratio (radial distance between the point of intersection of the axis of each column with the waterline and the central vertical axis of the device / height of the immersed part) is between 1.00 and 4.00, preferably between 1.25 and 2.00, more preferably between 1.50 and 1.80.
  • the float according to the invention is particularly suitable for a wind turbine disposed substantially axially on the float, and supported by the outer columns of the float, without a central column to support a wind turbine.
  • the connecting elements comprise upper beams, preferably horizontal, each beam being connected by a first end to a column, preferably at the upper end of the column, and extends radially towards the interior, the beams being connected by their second ends to the vertical central axis of the float, preferably to a piece of central junction, this junction piece being preferably equipped with a vertical intermediate piece, extending vertically upwards from said connecting piece, for the support of the mast of the wind turbine.
  • the beams are connected to a central column penetrating into the water, said central column carrying the mast of the wind turbine.
  • the connecting elements comprise diagonal primary struts which are connected to the immersed part of the columns, above the stabilizing portion, and to the intermediate piece, the primary struts being preferably guided through the beams and structurally connected to said beams.
  • the connecting elements comprise diagonal secondary struts which are connected to the submerged pontoons and to the primary struts, the secondary struts being preferably connected to the pontoons, substantially in the middle of the length of the pontoons and substantially in the middle of the length of the primary spacers.
  • the primary spacers are connected to the intermediate piece, at a point disposed between half and three quarters of the height of the intermediate piece, preferably about two-thirds of the height of the intermediate piece.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a wind turbine device according to the invention comprising a wind turbine mounted on a semi-submersible float;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a column of the float of FIG. 1;
  • the device comprises a wind turbine 1 and a hull or float 2 of semi-submersible type.
  • the wind turbine 1 comprises, in known manner, blades 11, a hub or rotor 12, a nacelle 13 and a mast 14.
  • the float 2 comprises at least three external columns 3 arranged around the central vertical axis A of the float, and interconnected by connecting elements 6.
  • Each column 3 has a non-submerged section or portion 4, which is disposed at above the waterline 9 (fig.2) of the float in condition of use of the device, and a submerged section or part 5.
  • the float 2 comprises three external vertical columns 3, each with a vertical longitudinal axis B substantially parallel to the axis A.
  • the columns are arranged at regular angular spaces around the axis A.
  • the part non-submerged 4 and the submerged portion 5 are of cylindrical shape, with circular cross sections, substantially constant.
  • the columns may be of any other form suitable for the construction of the float, for example of dodecagonal shape.
  • the submerged portion 5 comprises a lower portion, called a stabilizing portion 52, with a diameter that is increased relative to the remainder of the immersed portion.
  • the submerged portion 5 comprises an upper portion 51 extending downwardly from the non-submerged portion 4, the stabilizing portion 52 extending downwardly from the upper portion 51 and constitutes the lower end portion of the column. .
  • the cross sections of the non-submerged portion 4 and the upper portion 51 are identical and substantially constant.
  • the cross section of the stabilizing portion is substantially constant.
  • the upper portion and the stabilizing portion are arranged substantially coaxially, the stabilizing portion 52 defines an annular upper horizontal surface 52a, a disc-shaped horizontal bottom surface 52b, and a cylindrical vertical peripheral surface 52c.
  • the upper surface and the lower surface are solid surfaces, that is to say substantially without opening.
  • Each column consists of a hollow body, comprising a cylindrical peripheral wall 31, closed at its ends by an upper wall 32 and a bottom wall 33.
  • the bottom wall 33 forms the bottom surface 52b of the stabilizing portion.
  • the upper wall 32 forms a bridge at the top of the column.
  • the connecting elements 6 comprise fully immersed horizontal beams or pontoons 61, upper beams 62, also called bridges or bridges, a central junction piece 63, primary struts 64 and secondary struts 65.
  • each pontoon is rigidly connected at its ends between two stabilizing portions, the height of the pontoons being substantially equal to the height of the stabilizing portions.
  • the cross sections of the beams are of rectangular shape.
  • the cross sections of the beams may be of any other form suitable for the construction of the float, for example of circular shape.
  • the three beams 62 are connected at the axis A to the junction piece 63.
  • a vertical intermediate piece 66 for the support of the mast 14 of the wind turbine is assembled to the junction piece 63.
  • the intermediate piece 66 is circular section.
  • a flange assembly or a solder joint is used for the connection of the mast 14 to the intermediate piece 66.
  • the diameter of the intermediate piece is substantially equal to the diameter of the mast to ensure continuity of structure and reduce stress concentrations.
  • the columns 3, the pontoons 61, the beams 62 and the intermediate piece 66 are interconnected with a trellis structure composed of diagonally arranged primary struts 64 and diagonal spacers 65 .
  • the primary struts 64 are connected to the immersed part, more precisely to the lower part of the upper portion 51, above the stabilizing portion 52, and to the intermediate piece 66.
  • the primary struts 64 are guided to through the beams 62 and structurally connected thereto.
  • the primary spacers are connected to the intermediate piece, approximately two-thirds of the height of the intermediate piece.
  • the secondary struts 65 are connected to the submerged pontoons 61 and the primary struts.
  • the secondary struts are connected about the middle of the length of the pontoons, and about the middle of the length of the primary struts.
  • the primary struts and the secondary struts are tubular in shape, with circular or rectangular cross sections.
  • the primary struts and the secondary struts may also be formed of I, H or T cross-section beams. Strakes or similar elements may be arranged along the primary struts and / or the secondary struts. to control the generation of vortices.
  • the intermediate piece and the primary spacers steel plates are wound and welded to form tubular portions. These portions are connected by circumferential welds and preferably reinforced by partitions, annular stiffeners and longitudinal stiffeners.
  • the pontoons, the beams and the connecting piece are made of steel panels, preferably reinforced by partitions, transverse stiffeners and longitudinal stiffeners.
  • the secondary spacers are formed from certified tubes for offshore application. For all welding processes, welding machines or automated welding robots are used to enable mass production at a high quality level, in a reduced time and at reduced costs.
  • Columns 3 form ballasts.
  • the interior volume of the columns is compartmentalized.
  • the upper portion 51 and the stabilizing portion 52 form two separate ballast compartments.
  • Each pontoon also constitutes a separate ballast tank.
  • the device includes pipeline systems for loading and unloading of ballast water, and control and monitoring systems for controlling pipeline systems.
  • Each column may also be equipped with at least one anti-heave plate 7, an anti-heave plate being for example attached to the upper portion 51 of each column.
  • This float design for an offshore wind turbine as herein provided provides a solid and efficient structure for both extreme loadings (ULS) and fatigue loadings (FLS).
  • the float resistance and rigidity are the result of the tetrahedral geometry of the structure and substructures formed by columns, pontoons, beams, junction piece, intermediate piece, primary spacers and the secondary spacers.
  • the static load of the components of the wind turbine (blades 11, rotor 12, nacelle 13 and mast 14) is carried by the primary spacers on the three columns.
  • the tensile strength and fatigue resistance, as well as the rigidity of the float structure, can be adapted and optimized:
  • the float design is defined so that there is always, taking into account the movements and static inclinations of the floating wind turbine, a minimum air draft between the highest expected wave peaks, and the beams and decks. at the top of each column.
  • the height of the nacelle of the wind turbine above the water level is defined so that, for a selected diameter of the rotor, there is always - taking into account the static movements and inclinations of the floating wind turbine - a minimum blade clearance between the peaks of the highest expected waves and the ends of the rotor blades.
  • a catenary anchoring system is for example designed for a range of depths between 50 and 300 m.
  • This anchoring system consists of at least three anchor lines 8, at least one anchor line being attached to each column.
  • the anchor lines include chains, flexible cables, weights arranged discretely along the anchor line, and anchors.
  • the catenary anchoring system shall prevent the floating wind turbine from deviating from its nominal position by counteracting the combined action of the average forces induced by the wind turbine, constant forces induced by the wind acting on the mast and the float, constant forces induced by the current acting on the float and average drifting forces due to the swell.
  • the anchoring system must allow, without constraining, the first-order movements induced by the swell and the wind turbine, even under extreme conditions.
  • the float has a symmetrical shape, with the intermediate part for the mast centered along the vertical central axis and the three columns arranged at an angle of 120 ° from each other. Therefore, the arrangement of the anchoring system is also of symmetrical shape, the deployment angle of each anchor line is about 120 °.
  • the risk of exciting the low frequency motions of the system is limited.
  • different values of the deployment angle may be chosen depending on the conditions specific to the selected location.
  • the particular modular structure of the float according to the invention makes it possible to adapt the design of the float to different conditions while keeping a large number of identical structural elements and changing only a limited number of structural elements.
  • the main parameter for adapting the float design to environmental conditions (sea state, current, wind) and rotor thrust characteristics is the radial distance of the vertical columns from the central vertical axis.
  • the dimensions of the non-submerged portion and the immersed portion (upper portion and stabilizing portion) of the vertical columns and the dimensions of the connecting piece and the intermediate piece remain identical.
  • the dimensions of the transverse sections of the submerged pontoons, the beams, the primary and secondary spacers remain identical, but the lengths of these elements are adapted to the radial position of the vertical columns.
  • Two additional parameters for the design adaptation are the diameters and heights of the non-immersed part and the submerged part (upper portion and stabilization portion) of the vertical columns.
  • Report A (radial distance between the point of intersection of the axis of each column with the waterline and the vertical central axis of the device) / (height of the immersed part of the columns)
  • each column 103 of the float has a vertical longitudinal axis B and has a non-immersed portion 104 and a submerged portion 105.
  • Each column consists of a hollow body, comprising a peripheral wall 131, closed at its ends by an upper wall 132 and a bottom wall 133.
  • the submerged portion comprises an upper portion 151 extending downwardly from the non-submerged portion 104, a stabilizing portion 152 extending downwardly.
  • the stabilizing portions of the columns are connected in pairs by pontoons.
  • the cross section of the non-submerged portion 104, the upper portion 151 and the lower portion 153 are substantially identical and substantially constant.
  • the cross section of the stabilizing portion is substantially constant and larger than that of the other portions 151, 153.
  • the non-submerged portion 104, the upper portion 151 and the lower portion 153 are disposed coaxially.
  • the stabilizing portion is not coaxial with the other portions, its vertical axis being shifted laterally, for example shifted radially outwardly relative to the central axis of the float.
  • the stabilizing portion defines an annular horizontal upper surface 152a, an annular horizontal lower surface 152b, and a vertical peripheral surface 152c.
  • each column 203 of the float has a vertical longitudinal axis B and has a non-submerged portion 204 and a submerged portion 205.
  • Each column consists of a hollow body, comprising a peripheral wall 231, closed at its ends by an upper wall 232 and a bottom wall 233.
  • the submerged portion comprises an upper portion 251 extending downwardly from the non-submerged portion 204, a stabilizing portion 252 extending downwardly. from the upper portion and a lower portion 253 which extends downwardly from the stabilizing portion and which is closed by the bottom wall 233.
  • the stabilizing portions of the columns are connected in pairs by pontoons.
  • the cross section of the non-submerged portion 204, the upper portion 251 and the lower portion 253 are identical and substantially constant.
  • the cross-section of the stabilization portion is greater than that of the other portions 251, 253.
  • the non-immersed portion and the three portions 251, 252, 253 are arranged coaxially, the cross-section of the stabilization portion is non-constant, so that defining an annular upper horizontal surface 252a, a vertical peripheral surface 252c and a frustoconical lower surface 252b, with a cross-section which decreases substantially continuously, from top to bottom.
  • each column 303 of the float has a vertical longitudinal axis B and has a non-submerged portion 304 and a submerged portion 305.
  • Each column consists of a hollow body, comprising a peripheral wall 331 closed at its ends by an upper wall 332 and a lower wall 333.
  • the submerged portion comprises an upper portion 351 extending downwardly from the non-submerged portion 304 and a stabilizing portion 352 extending downwardly from the upper portion and constituting the lower end portion of the column.
  • the stabilization portions of the columns are connected in pairs by pontoons.
  • the cross section of the non-submerged portion 304 and the upper portion 351 are identical and substantially constant.
  • the cross section of the stabilizing portion is greater than that of the other portion 351.
  • the portions 351, 352 are coaxial, the cross section of the stabilizing portion is not constant, to define a frustoconical annular upper surface 352a , with a cross-section which increases substantially continuously from top to bottom, a vertical peripheral surface 352c and a horizontal disc-shaped lower surface 352b formed by the bottom wall.
  • each column 403 of the float has an inclined longitudinal axis B ', which is inclined preferably outwardly with respect to the central axis of the float, for example at an angle of 5 ° at 25 ° to the vertical.
  • the column has a non-submerged portion 404 and a submerged portion 405.
  • Each column consists of a hollow body, comprising a peripheral wall 431, closed at its ends by an upper wall 432 and a lower wall 433.
  • the submerged portion comprises an upper portion 451 extending downwardly from the non-submerged portion 404, a stabilizing portion 452 extending downwardly from the upper portion, and a lower portion 453 extending downwardly from the stabilizing portion and closed by the bottom wall 433.
  • the stabilizing portions of the columns are connected two to one another. two by pontoons 461.
  • the non-submerged portion 404, the upper portion 451 and the lower portion 453 are coaxial, and their cross sections are identical and substantially constant.
  • the cross-section of the stabilizing portion is substantially constant, is greater than that of the other portions 451, 453, and is not arranged coaxially, so as to define an annular upper annular surface 452a, a horizontal annular lower surface 452b, and a vertical peripheral surface 452c.
  • each column may comprise a plurality of stabilization portions spaced from one another along the submerged portion, and / or may comprise stepped stabilizing portions, with a non-continuous top surface and / or a surface lower non-continuous, said non-continuous surfaces comprising at least two portions which are offset vertically and interconnected by a peripheral surface.
  • the stabilization portions and / or the immersed pontoons are provided with holes or vertical wells passing through, the vertical wells of a stabilizing portion opening on its upper and lower surfaces, and the vertical holes of a pontoon opening on its upper and lower surfaces.
  • These vertical holes may have different cross sections, for example rectangular cross sections.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a floating offshore wind-powered device comprising a float (2) of semi-submersible type and at least one wind generator (1) comprising blades (11), a rotor (12), a nacelle (13) and a tower (14), the tower being assembled with said float. The float comprises at least three columns (3), each column comprising a non-immersed part (4) and an immersed part (5), and connecting elements (6) for rigidly connecting the columns to one another. The immersed part (5) of at least one of the columns (3) comprises at least one stabilizing portion (52) of larger cross section, which defines a top surface (52a) and a bottom surface, which surfaces are connected to one another by a peripheral surface (52c).

Description

DISPOSITIF D'EOLIENNE OFFSHORE AVEC FLOTTEUR SEMI- SUBMERSIBLE PARTICULIER  OFFSHORE WIND POWER DEVICE WITH PARTICULAR SEMI-SUBMERSIBLE FLOAT
La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'éolienne flottante offshore comprenant une éolienne montée sur un flotteur semi- submersible, plus particulièrement un tel dispositif avec un flotteur particulier. The present invention relates to an offshore floating wind turbine device comprising a wind turbine mounted on a semi-submersible float, more particularly such a device with a particular float.
Les structures flottantes (par exemple de type semi-submersible, barge, navire de production et de stockage de pétrole au large, SPAR) conçues pour une application offshore, notamment dans le domaine pétrolier, sont aujourd'hui développées de manière à minimiser les mouvements, les vitesses et les accélérations au niveau de la ligne de flottaison ou des ponts de la structure.  Floating structures (for example of the semi-submersible type, barge, offshore oil production and storage vessel, SPAR) designed for offshore application, particularly in the oil field, are now developed in such a way as to minimize the movements , velocities and accelerations at the waterline or bridges of the structure.
L'utilisation de ces conceptions existantes pour une application à l'éolien flottant se traduirait par l'apparition de mouvements de translation, de vitesse et d'accélérations excessives au niveau de la nacelle et du rotor, avec pour conséquence des charges dynamiques supplémentaires importantes sur tous les composants de Γ éolienne.  The use of these existing designs for floating wind applications would result in excessive translation, velocity, and acceleration of the nacelle and rotor, resulting in significant additional dynamic loads. on all wind turbine components.
Il est connu, notamment par le document brevet WO 2009/131826 un dispositif d'éolienne offshore flottante comprenant un flotteur de type semi-submersible et au moins une éolienne comprenant des pales, un rotor, une nacelle et un mât, le mât étant assemblé au dit flotteur. Le flotteur comprend au moins trois colonnes, chaque colonne comprenant une partie non-immergée et une partie immergée, et des éléments de liaison pour relier rigidement les colonnes les unes aux autres.  It is known, in particular from patent document WO 2009/131826, a floating offshore wind turbine device comprising a semi-submersible type float and at least one wind turbine comprising blades, a rotor, a nacelle and a mast, the mast being assembled. to said float. The float comprises at least three columns, each column comprising a non-immersed portion and a submerged portion, and connecting elements for rigidly connecting the columns to each other.
Afin de stabiliser le flotteur, une plaque horizontale, dite plaque anti-pilonnement, est attachée à la base de chaque colonne. La fonction de cette plaque est d'augmenter la masse ajoutée du système ainsi que de renforcer les phénomènes d'amortissement. Afin de résister aux charges extrêmes et de fatigue induites par les vagues, les plaques doivent être soutenues par une structure de renfort supplémentaire, comprenant des raidisseurs radiaux, des entretoises entre les raidisseurs et la colonne, plusieurs traverses entre deux raidisseurs adjacents et plusieurs longerons entre les traverses. Les plaques anti-pilonnement sont formées par de fins panneaux en acier, ces panneaux fins étant montés sur le côté inférieur de la structure de renfort. Le but de la présente invention est de proposer une nouvelle conception de flotteur visant à pallier les inconvénients précités, et permettant notamment de minimiser les mouvements, les vitesses et les accélérations au niveau de la nacelle et du rotor, et qui soit notamment de simple conception. In order to stabilize the float, a horizontal plate, called anti-heave plate, is attached to the base of each column. The function of this plate is to increase the added mass of the system as well as to reinforce the damping phenomena. In order to withstand the extreme and fatigue loads induced by the waves, the plates must be supported by an additional reinforcing structure, including radial stiffeners, spacers between the stiffeners and the column, several cross members between two adjacent stiffeners and several side members between the sleepers. The anti-heave plates are formed by thin steel panels, these thin panels being mounted on the underside of the reinforcing structure. The object of the present invention is to propose a new float design to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, and in particular to minimize the movements, speeds and accelerations at the nacelle and the rotor, and that is especially simple design .
A cet effet, la présente invention propose un dispositif d'éolienne flottante offshore comprenant un flotteur de type semi-submersible et au moins une éolienne comprenant des pales, un rotor, de préférence à axe de rotation horizontal, une nacelle et un mât, le mât étant assemblé audit flotteur. Ledit flotteur comprend au moins trois colonnes, dites extérieures, par exemple sensiblement verticales, ayant un axe longitudinal, chaque colonne comprenant une partie non-immergée et une partie immergée, et des éléments de liaison pour relier rigidement les colonnes les unes aux autres. Ledit flotteur est caractérisé en ce que la partie immergée d'au moins une des colonnes comprend au moins une portion de stabilisation de plus grande section transversale que la section transversale du reste de la partie immergée, qui définit une surface supérieure et une surface inférieure reliées l'une à l'autre par une surface périphérique, formant ainsi un volume de déplacement substantiel.  For this purpose, the present invention proposes an offshore floating wind turbine device comprising a semi-submersible type float and at least one wind turbine comprising blades, a rotor, preferably having a horizontal axis of rotation, a nacelle and a mast, the mast being assembled to said float. Said float comprises at least three columns, said outer, for example substantially vertical, having a longitudinal axis, each column comprising a non-immersed portion and a submerged portion, and connecting elements for rigidly connecting the columns to each other. Said float is characterized in that the submerged portion of at least one of the columns comprises at least one stabilization portion of larger cross section than the cross section of the remainder of the immersed portion, which defines an upper surface and a lower surface connected to one another by a peripheral surface, thus forming a substantial displacement volume.
La surface supérieure et la surface inférieure sont verticalement distantes l'une de l'autre, ces surfaces distantes conférant des propriétés hydromécaniques spécifiques qui procurent un effet de stabilisation efficace au flotteur.  The upper surface and the lower surface are vertically distant from each other, these remote surfaces imparting specific hydromechanical properties that provide an effective stabilizing effect to the float.
En comparaison des fines plaques anti-pilonnement de l'art antérieur attachées à une colonne, la colonne étagée selon l'invention, équipée de portion de stabilisation avec des surfaces supérieure et inférieure distantes procurent des propriétés hydromécaniques différentes au flotteur, avec un effet de stabilisation plus élevé.  Compared with the thin anti-heaving plates of the prior art attached to a column, the stepped column according to the invention, equipped with a stabilizing portion with distant upper and lower surfaces, provides hydromechanical properties different from the float, with a cooling effect. higher stabilization.
Selon l'invention, au moins une des colonnes, de préférence toutes les colonnes extérieures du flotteur, possèdent une telle géométrie étagée afin de former au moins une portion de stabilisation immergée qui est entièrement intégrée à la structure de la colonne.  According to the invention, at least one of the columns, preferably all the outer columns of the float, have such stepped geometry to form at least one immersed stabilization portion which is fully integrated with the column structure.
Cette colonne équipée de portion de stabilisation peut être fabriquée facilement. La portion de stabilisation peut être dimensionnée pour procurer un effet de stabilisation élevé tout en garantissant à la portion de stabilisation une bonne résistance aux charges hydrodynamiques . This column equipped with stabilizing portion can be manufactured easily. The stabilizing portion can be sized to provide a high stabilizing effect while ensuring stabilizing portion good resistance to hydrodynamic loads.
En outre, la portion de stabilisation entièrement intégrée à la colonne, constitue un volume qui peut être utilisé comme réservoir de ballast ou peut constituer un lest efficace.  In addition, the stabilization portion fully integrated in the column, constitutes a volume that can be used as a ballast tank or can constitute an effective ballast.
En outre, le flotteur selon l'invention peut être adapté facilement à différents emplacements et à différentes éoliennes.  In addition, the float according to the invention can be easily adapted to different locations and different wind turbines.
La portion de stabilisation peut être coaxiale ou non coaxiale au reste de la colonne.  The stabilizing portion may be coaxial or non-coaxial with the rest of the column.
Selon une autre particularité, les éléments de liaison comprennent au moins une poutre inférieure ou ponton immergé reliant rigidement deux portions de stabilisation l'une à l'autre.  According to another feature, the connecting elements comprise at least one submerged lower beam or pontoon rigidly connecting two stabilizing portions to one another.
Ces pontons donnent un effet de stabilisation supplémentaire aux mouvements du flotteur. Chaque ponton présente une surface supérieure et une surface inférieure, de préférence espacées l'une de l'autre et de préférence reliées l'une à l'autre par des surfaces latérales, pour constituer un volume pour le déplacement d'eau, et procurer ainsi un effet de stabilisation.  These pontoons give an additional stabilizing effect to the movements of the float. Each pontoon has an upper surface and a lower surface, preferably spaced from each other and preferably connected to each other by side surfaces, to constitute a volume for the displacement of water, and to provide thus a stabilizing effect.
En outre, les pontons peuvent constituer également un volume qui peut être utilisé comme réservoir de ballast ou peut constituer un lest efficace.  In addition, the pontoons may also constitute a volume that can be used as a ballast tank or can constitute an effective ballast.
Le flotteur selon l'invention, muni de ces colonnes étagées, en combinaison notamment avec de tels pontons, permet de proposer un système hydromécanique avec des caractéristiques de mouvement qui sont spécifiquement adaptées à la fonction, aux charges et à la fiabilité de l'éolienne.  The float according to the invention, provided with these stepped columns, in combination in particular with such pontoons, makes it possible to propose a hydromechanical system with movement characteristics that are specifically adapted to the function, the loads and the reliability of the wind turbine. .
Le flotteur selon l'invention permet de minimiser l'inclinaison statique de l'éolienne résultant des efforts de poussée dus au vent, ainsi que l'inclinaison dynamique de l'éolienne.  The float according to the invention makes it possible to minimize the static inclination of the wind turbine resulting from the thrust forces due to the wind, as well as the dynamic inclination of the wind turbine.
Le flotteur selon l'invention permet de réduire au minimum les mouvements, les vitesses et les accélérations de la nacelle et du rotor. Une conséquence est la réduction de l'impact dynamique induit par la vitesse relative de déplacement du plan rotor dans le champ du vent. L'amplitude des variations de vitesse en bout de pale est également réduite et le risque de voir apparaître des phénomènes de résonance et/ou des comportements dynamiques instables est ainsi limité. Le flotteur selon l'invention permet ainsi d'améliorer la qualité de la production électrique de l'éolienne et son rendement. The float according to the invention makes it possible to minimize the movements, speeds and accelerations of the nacelle and the rotor. One consequence is the reduction of the dynamic impact induced by the relative speed of movement of the rotor plane in the wind field. The amplitude of the speed variations at the end of the blade is also reduced and the risk of seeing resonance phenomena and / or unstable dynamic behavior is thus limited. The float according to the invention thus makes it possible to improve the quality of the electrical production of the wind turbine and its efficiency.
Les principaux avantages de ce système hydromécanique sont : The main advantages of this hydromechanical system are:
- Réduction des forces et moments, induits par les vagues au premier ordre, agissant sur le flotteur dans la plage de fréquences pertinente ; phénomène dit d'équilibrage, entraînant une annulation partielle des efforts d'excitation de la houle par un agencement et un dimensionnement spécifique des différents éléments du flotteur (partie non-immergée, portion supérieure et portion de stabilisation des colonnes, pontons immergés, et autres éléments de liaison tels que des entretoises primaires et secondaires) ; - Reduction of the forces and moments, induced by the first order waves, acting on the float in the relevant frequency range; so-called balancing phenomenon, resulting in a partial cancellation of the excitation forces of the swell by a specific arrangement and dimensioning of the various elements of the float (non-immersed portion, upper portion and stabilizing portion columns, submerged pontoons, and other connecting elements such as primary and secondary spacers);
- Augmentation de la masse ajoutée du système et des moments d'inertie en cavalement, embardée , pilonnement, roulis , tangage et lacet (yaw), ainsi que des coefficients croisés de la matrice des masses ;  - Increase of the system mass added and moments of inertia in caval, yaw, heave, roll, pitch and yaw, as well as cross-coefficients of the mass matrix;
- Augmentation de l'amortissement hydrodynamique autour des fréquences propres en pilonnement, roulis et tangage et augmentation de la valeur des coefficients croisés de la matrice d'amortissement hydrodynamique pour ces mêmes degrés de libertés ;  - Increase of the hydrodynamic damping around the natural frequencies in heave, roll and pitch and increase of the value of the cross coefficients of the hydrodynamic damping matrix for these same degrees of freedom;
- Diminution des efforts de dérive moyens induits par la houle au second ordre en cavalement, embardée et lacet ;  - Decrease of the average drifting forces induced by second-order swell in caval, yaw and yaw;
- Position verticale élevée du centre de rotation instantané par un agencement spécifique du centre de gravité, centre de flottabilité, moment d'inertie géométrique de la surface de flottaison ;  - High vertical position of the instantaneous center of rotation by a specific arrangement of the center of gravity, center of buoyancy, geometrical moment of inertia of the flotation surface;
- Décalage des fréquences propres des mouvements de pilonnement, roulis et tangage en dehors des plages de fréquences propres de l'éolienne et des plages de fréquences pour lesquelles la houle présente une énergie significative.  - Offset the natural frequencies of heave, roll and pitch motions outside the eigenvalue ranges of the wind turbine and frequency ranges for which the swell has significant energy.
Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque colonne se présente sous la forme d'un corps creux comprenant une paroi périphérique, la portion de stabilisation étant lestée et/ou constitue un réservoir de ballast.  According to one embodiment, each column is in the form of a hollow body comprising a peripheral wall, the stabilization portion being weighted and / or constitutes a ballast tank.
Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque ponton immergé, de préférence disposé substantiellement horizontalement, a une section transversale sensiblement rectangulaire avec une surface supérieure et une surface inférieure reliées l'une à l'autre par deux surfaces latérales, la dimension horizontale, également appelée largeur du ponton, étant de préférence supérieure ou égale à la dimension verticale, également appelée hauteur du ponton. According to one embodiment, each immersed pontoon, preferably arranged substantially horizontally, has a substantially rectangular cross-section with an upper surface and a lower surface connected to one another by two lateral surfaces, the horizontal dimension, also called width the pontoon, being preference greater than or equal to the vertical dimension, also called pontoon height.
Selon un mode de réalisation chaque partie immergée de chaque colonne comprend une portion de stabilisation.  According to one embodiment each submerged portion of each column comprises a stabilizing portion.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le flotteur comprend plusieurs pontons immergés, chaque ponton immergé reliant deux colonnes adjacentes.  According to one embodiment, the float comprises several submerged pontoons, each submerged pontoon connecting two adjacent columns.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la partie immergée comprend une portion supérieure s'étendant vers le bas depuis la partie non-immergée, la portion de stabilisation s'étendant vers le bas depuis ladite portion supérieure, et de préférence constitue la partie d'extrémité de la colonne.  According to one embodiment, the submerged portion comprises an upper portion extending downwardly from the non-immersed portion, the stabilizing portion extending downwardly from said upper portion, and preferably constitutes the end portion. of the column.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le rapport (section transversale de la portion de stabilisation en m / section transversale de la portion supérieure en m ) est compris entre 1,00 et 5,00, de préférence entre 2,50 et 3,50, encore mieux entre 2,90 et 3,20, et/ou le rapport (hauteur de la portion supérieure / hauteur de la portion de stabilisation) est compris entre 2,00 et 10,00, de préférence entre 4,00 et 6,50, encore mieux entre 5,00 et 5,50. La hauteur de la portion supérieure et la hauteur de la portion de stabilisation correspondent aux longueurs desdites portions selon l'axe longitudinal de la colonne.  According to one embodiment, the ratio (cross section of the stabilization portion in m / cross section of the upper portion in m) is between 1.00 and 5.00, preferably between 2.50 and 3.50, even better between 2.90 and 3.20, and / or the ratio (height of the upper portion / height of the stabilizing portion) is between 2.00 and 10.00, preferably between 4.00 and 6, 50, even better between 5.00 and 5.50. The height of the upper portion and the height of the stabilizing portion correspond to the lengths of said portions along the longitudinal axis of the column.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la section transversale de la portion supérieure et la section transversale de la partie non-immergée sont sensiblement constantes et sont sensiblement égales.  According to one embodiment, the cross section of the upper portion and the cross section of the non-immersed portion are substantially constant and are substantially equal.
La section transversale de la portion de stabilisation peut être sensiblement constante ou peut être variable.  The cross section of the stabilizing portion may be substantially constant or may be variable.
La colonne, et notamment sa portion de stabilisation, peuvent être de forme cylindrique, avec une section transversale circulaire. Cependant, la section transversale de la colonne et de la portion de stabilisation de la colonne peut être de toute autre forme.  The column, and in particular its stabilizing portion, may be of cylindrical shape, with a circular cross section. However, the cross section of the column and the stabilizing portion of the column may be of any other shape.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les colonnes sont sensiblement verticales. Selon des variantes de réalisation, les colonnes sont inclinées, par exemple d'un angle de 5° à 25° par rapport à la verticale, de préférence inclinées vers l'extérieur.  According to one embodiment, the columns are substantially vertical. According to alternative embodiments, the columns are inclined, for example at an angle of 5 ° to 25 ° relative to the vertical, preferably inclined outwards.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la distance entre la surface supérieure et la surface inférieure du ponton, qui correspond à la hauteur de ponton, est d'au moins 1 mètre (m), de préférence d'au moins 2 m, mieux encore d'au moins 3 m. According to one embodiment, the distance between the upper surface and the lower surface of the pontoon, which corresponds to the height pontoon, is at least 1 meter (m), preferably at least 2 m, more preferably at least 3 m.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le rapport (hauteur de ponton/ hauteur de la portion de stabilisation) est compris entre 0,5 et 4,0, de préférence entre 0,8 et 2,5, mieux encore entre 1 ,0 et 2,0.  According to one embodiment, the ratio (pontoon height / height of the stabilization portion) is between 0.5 and 4.0, preferably between 0.8 and 2.5, better still between 1.0 and 2. , 0.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le rapport (section transversale de la portion supérieure de la colonne / section transversale du ponton) est compris entre 0,5 et 4,0, de préférence entre 0,8 et 3,0, mieux encore entre 1,2 et 2,0.  According to one embodiment, the ratio (cross section of the upper portion of the column / cross section of the pontoon) is between 0.5 and 4.0, preferably between 0.8 and 3.0, better still between 1 and , 2 and 2.0.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le ponton immergé se présente sous la forme d'un corps creux comprenant une paroi périphérique, le ponton immergé étant lesté et/ou constitue un réservoir de ballast.  According to one embodiment, the submerged pontoon is in the form of a hollow body comprising a peripheral wall, the submerged pontoon being ballasted and / or constitutes a ballast tank.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la surface supérieure et la surface inférieure de la portion de stabilisation sont sensiblement horizontales et/ou la surface périphérique de la portion de stabilisation est sensiblement verticale.  According to one embodiment, the upper surface and the lower surface of the stabilizing portion are substantially horizontal and / or the peripheral surface of the stabilizing portion is substantially vertical.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les pontons et/ou la portion de stabilisation sont en béton ou remplis de béton.  According to one embodiment, the pontoons and / or the stabilizing portion are made of concrete or filled with concrete.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la hauteur de la portion de stabilisation, qui correspond à la distance entre la surface supérieure et la surface inférieure de la portion de stabilisation, est d'au moins 1 mètre (m), de préférence d'au moins 2 m, encore mieux d'au moins 3 m.  According to one embodiment, the height of the stabilization portion, which corresponds to the distance between the upper surface and the lower surface of the stabilizing portion, is at least 1 meter (m), preferably at least 2 m, even better by at least 3 m.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le rapport (distance radiale entre le point d'intersection de l'axe de chaque colonne avec la ligne de flottaison et l'axe vertical central du dispositif / hauteur de la partie immergée) est compris entre 1,00 et 4,00, de préférence entre 1,25 et 2,00, encore mieux entre 1 ,50 et 1,80.  According to one embodiment, the ratio (radial distance between the point of intersection of the axis of each column with the waterline and the central vertical axis of the device / height of the immersed part) is between 1.00 and 4.00, preferably between 1.25 and 2.00, more preferably between 1.50 and 1.80.
Le flotteur selon l'invention est particulièrement adapté pour une éolienne disposée sensiblement axialement sur le flotteur, et supportée par les colonnes extérieures du flotteur, sans colonne centrale pour supporter Γ éolienne. Selon un mode de réalisation, les éléments de liaison comprennent des poutres supérieures, de préférence horizontales, chaque poutre étant reliée par une première extrémité à une colonne, de préférence à l'extrémité supérieure de la colonne, et s'étend radialement vers l'intérieur, les poutres étant reliées par leurs secondes extrémités au niveau de l'axe central vertical du flotteur, de préférence à une pièce de jonction centrale, cette pièce de jonction étant de préférence équipée d'une pièce intermédiaire verticale, s'étendant verticalement vers le haut depuis ladite pièce de jonction, pour le support du mât de l'éolienne. The float according to the invention is particularly suitable for a wind turbine disposed substantially axially on the float, and supported by the outer columns of the float, without a central column to support a wind turbine. According to one embodiment, the connecting elements comprise upper beams, preferably horizontal, each beam being connected by a first end to a column, preferably at the upper end of the column, and extends radially towards the interior, the beams being connected by their second ends to the vertical central axis of the float, preferably to a piece of central junction, this junction piece being preferably equipped with a vertical intermediate piece, extending vertically upwards from said connecting piece, for the support of the mast of the wind turbine.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les poutres sont reliées à une colonne centrale pénétrant dans l'eau, ladite colonne centrale portant le mât de l'éolienne.  According to one embodiment, the beams are connected to a central column penetrating into the water, said central column carrying the mast of the wind turbine.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les éléments de liaison comprennent des entretoises primaires diagonales qui sont reliées à la partie immergée des colonnes, au-dessus de la portion de stabilisation, et à la pièce intermédiaire, les entretoises primaires étant de préférence guidées à travers les poutres et structurellement reliées auxdites poutres.  According to one embodiment, the connecting elements comprise diagonal primary struts which are connected to the immersed part of the columns, above the stabilizing portion, and to the intermediate piece, the primary struts being preferably guided through the beams and structurally connected to said beams.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les éléments de liaison comprennent des entretoises secondaires diagonales qui sont reliées aux pontons immergés et aux entretoises primaires, les secondaires entretoises étant de préférence raccordées aux pontons, sensiblement au milieu de la longueur des pontons et sensiblement au milieu de la longueur des entretoises primaires.  According to one embodiment, the connecting elements comprise diagonal secondary struts which are connected to the submerged pontoons and to the primary struts, the secondary struts being preferably connected to the pontoons, substantially in the middle of the length of the pontoons and substantially in the middle of the length of the primary spacers.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les entretoises primaires sont reliées à la pièce intermédiaire, en un point disposé entre la moitié et les trois quarts de la hauteur de la pièce intermédiaire, de préférence environ au deux tiers de la hauteur de la pièce intermédiaire.  According to one embodiment, the primary spacers are connected to the intermediate piece, at a point disposed between half and three quarters of the height of the intermediate piece, preferably about two-thirds of the height of the intermediate piece.
L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description explicative détaillée qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation particulier actuellement préféré de l'invention, en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés, sur lesquels :  The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, features and advantages will become more clearly apparent from the following detailed explanatory description of a particular presently preferred embodiment of the invention, with reference to the schematic drawings. annexed, in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un dispositif d'éolienne selon l'invention comprenant une éolienne montée sur un flotteur semi- submersible ;  - Figure 1 is a perspective view of a wind turbine device according to the invention comprising a wind turbine mounted on a semi-submersible float;
- la figure 2 est une vue de côté schématique d'une colonne du flotteur de la figure 1 ; et,  FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a column of the float of FIG. 1; and,
- les figures 3A à 3D sont des vues schématiques de côté de différentes colonnes selon des variantes de réalisation de l'invention.  - Figures 3A to 3D are schematic side views of different columns according to alternative embodiments of the invention.
En référence à la figure 1 , le dispositif comprend une éolienne 1 et une coque ou flotteur 2 de type semi-submersible. L'éolienne 1 comprend de manière connue des pales 11, un moyeu ou rotor 12, une nacelle 13 et un mât 14. With reference to FIG. 1, the device comprises a wind turbine 1 and a hull or float 2 of semi-submersible type. The wind turbine 1 comprises, in known manner, blades 11, a hub or rotor 12, a nacelle 13 and a mast 14.
Le flotteur 2 comprend au moins trois colonnes 3 externes disposées autour de l'axe A central vertical du flotteur, et reliées entre elles par des éléments de liaison 6. Chaque colonne 3 présente une section ou partie non-immergée 4, qui est disposée au-dessus de la ligne de flottaison 9 (fig.2) du flotteur en condition d'utilisation du dispositif, et une section ou partie immergée 5.  The float 2 comprises at least three external columns 3 arranged around the central vertical axis A of the float, and interconnected by connecting elements 6. Each column 3 has a non-submerged section or portion 4, which is disposed at above the waterline 9 (fig.2) of the float in condition of use of the device, and a submerged section or part 5.
Dans le présent mode de réalisation illustré, le flotteur 2 comprend trois colonnes 3 verticales externes, chacune avec un axe B longitudinal vertical sensiblement parallèle à l'axe A. Les colonnes sont disposées à espaces angulaires réguliers autour de l'axe A. La partie non-immergée 4 et la partie immergée 5 sont de forme cylindrique, avec des sections transversales circulaires, sensiblement constantes. Les colonnes peuvent être de toute autre forme appropriée pour la construction du flotteur, par exemple de forme dodécagonale.  In the present illustrated embodiment, the float 2 comprises three external vertical columns 3, each with a vertical longitudinal axis B substantially parallel to the axis A. The columns are arranged at regular angular spaces around the axis A. The part non-submerged 4 and the submerged portion 5 are of cylindrical shape, with circular cross sections, substantially constant. The columns may be of any other form suitable for the construction of the float, for example of dodecagonal shape.
Afin d'optimiser les caractéristiques de mouvements de pilonnement, de roulis et de tangage du dispositif, les colonnes, plus précisément leur partie immergée, ont une géométrie étagée. En référence à la figure 2, la partie immergée 5 comprend une portion inférieure, appelée portion de stabilisation 52, avec un diamètre qui est augmenté par rapport au reste de la partie immergée. La partie immergée 5 comprend une portion supérieure 51 s'étendant vers le bas depuis la partie non-immergée 4, la portion de stabilisation 52 s'étendant vers le bas depuis la portion supérieure 51 et constitue la partie d'extrémité inférieure de la colonne. Les sections transversales de la partie non- immergée 4 et de la portion supérieure 51 sont identiques et sensiblement constantes. La section transversale de la portion de stabilisation est sensiblement constante. La portion supérieure et la portion de stabilisation sont disposées sensiblement coaxialement, la portion de stabilisation 52 définit une surface supérieure 52a horizontale annulaire, une surface inférieure 52b horizontale en forme de disque, et une surface périphérique 52c verticale cylindrique. La surface supérieure et la surface inférieure sont des surfaces pleines, c'est-à-dire sensiblement sans ouverture. Chaque colonne est constituée d'un corps creux, comprenant une paroi périphérique 31 cylindrique, fermée à ses extrémités par une paroi supérieure 32 et une paroi inférieure 33. La paroi inférieure 33 forme la surface inférieure 52b de la portion de stabilisation. La paroi supérieure 32 forme un pont en haut de la colonne. In order to optimize the characteristics of heave, roll and pitch movements of the device, the columns, more precisely their immersed part, have a stepped geometry. With reference to FIG. 2, the submerged portion 5 comprises a lower portion, called a stabilizing portion 52, with a diameter that is increased relative to the remainder of the immersed portion. The submerged portion 5 comprises an upper portion 51 extending downwardly from the non-submerged portion 4, the stabilizing portion 52 extending downwardly from the upper portion 51 and constitutes the lower end portion of the column. . The cross sections of the non-submerged portion 4 and the upper portion 51 are identical and substantially constant. The cross section of the stabilizing portion is substantially constant. The upper portion and the stabilizing portion are arranged substantially coaxially, the stabilizing portion 52 defines an annular upper horizontal surface 52a, a disc-shaped horizontal bottom surface 52b, and a cylindrical vertical peripheral surface 52c. The upper surface and the lower surface are solid surfaces, that is to say substantially without opening. Each column consists of a hollow body, comprising a cylindrical peripheral wall 31, closed at its ends by an upper wall 32 and a bottom wall 33. The bottom wall 33 forms the bottom surface 52b of the stabilizing portion. The upper wall 32 forms a bridge at the top of the column.
Les éléments de liaison 6 comprennent des poutres inférieures ou pontons 61 horizontaux entièrement immergés, des poutres 62 supérieures, appelées également passerelles ou ponts, une pièce de jonction 63 centrale, des entretoises primaires 64 et des entretoises secondaires 65.  The connecting elements 6 comprise fully immersed horizontal beams or pontoons 61, upper beams 62, also called bridges or bridges, a central junction piece 63, primary struts 64 and secondary struts 65.
Entre les portions de stabilisation 52 des colonnes, trois pontons horizontaux 61 entièrement immergés sont disposés. Ces pontons procurent à la fois une résistance structurelle et une optimisation hydromécanique du flotteur. Les sections transversales des pontons sont de forme rectangulaire, avec une surface supérieure 61a horizontale pleine et une surface inférieure 61b horizontale pleine reliées entre elles par deux surfaces latérales 61c verticales. Selon des variantes de réalisation, les sections transversales des pontons peuvent être de n'importe quelle autre forme appropriée pour la construction du flotteur, par exemple de forme globalement circulaire. Chaque ponton est rigidement relié par ses extrémités entre deux portions de stabilisation, la hauteur des pontons étant sensiblement égale à la hauteur des portions de stabilisation.  Between the stabilization portions 52 of the columns, three horizontal pontoons 61 fully immersed are arranged. These pontoons provide both structural strength and hydromechanical optimization of the float. The cross sections of the pontoons are of rectangular shape, with a solid upper horizontal surface 61a and a horizontal lower surface 61b solid interconnected by two vertical side surfaces 61c. According to alternative embodiments, the transverse sections of the pontoons may be of any other form suitable for the construction of the float, for example of generally circular shape. Each pontoon is rigidly connected at its ends between two stabilizing portions, the height of the pontoons being substantially equal to the height of the stabilizing portions.
Au niveau supérieur de la partie non-immergée de la colonne, trois poutres 62 supérieures sont disposées, chacune s 'étendant radialement depuis l'axe A du flotteur vers l'une des parties non-immergées. Selon un mode de réalisation, les sections transversales des poutres sont de forme rectangulaire. Cependant, les sections transversales des poutres peuvent être de n'importe quelle autre forme convenant à la construction du flotteur, par exemple de forme circulaire. Les trois poutres 62 sont reliées au niveau de l'axe A à la pièce de jonction 63. Une pièce intermédiaire 66 verticale pour le support du mât 14 de l'éolienne est assemblée à la pièce de jonction 63. La pièce intermédiaire 66 est de section circulaire. Un assemblage par bride ou un assemblage par soudure est utilisé pour la liaison du mât 14 à la pièce intermédiaire 66. A l'interface d'assemblage entre la pièce intermédiaire et le mât, le diamètre de la pièce intermédiaire est sensiblement égal au diamètre du mât afin d'assurer une continuité de structure et réduire les concentrations des contraintes. At the upper level of the non-immersed part of the column, three upper beams 62 are arranged, each extending radially from the axis A of the float towards one of the non-immersed parts. According to one embodiment, the cross sections of the beams are of rectangular shape. However, the cross sections of the beams may be of any other form suitable for the construction of the float, for example of circular shape. The three beams 62 are connected at the axis A to the junction piece 63. A vertical intermediate piece 66 for the support of the mast 14 of the wind turbine is assembled to the junction piece 63. The intermediate piece 66 is circular section. A flange assembly or a solder joint is used for the connection of the mast 14 to the intermediate piece 66. At the assembly interface between the intermediate piece and the mast, the diameter of the intermediate piece is substantially equal to the diameter of the mast to ensure continuity of structure and reduce stress concentrations.
Pour une meilleure résistance structurelle et une meilleure rigidité, les colonnes 3, les pontons 61, les poutres 62 et la pièce intermédiaire 66 sont interconnectés avec structure en treillis composée d' entretoises primaires 64 disposées en diagonale et d' entretoises secondaires 65 disposées en diagonale. Les entretoises primaires 64 sont reliées à la partie immergée, plus précisément à la partie inférieure de la portion supérieure 51, au-dessus de la portion de stabilisation 52, et à la pièce intermédiaire 66. En outre, les entretoises primaires 64 sont guidées à travers les poutres 62 et structurellement reliées à ces dernières. Selon un mode de réalisation, les entretoises primaires sont connectées à la pièce intermédiaire, environ aux deux tiers de la hauteur de la pièce intermédiaire. Les entretoises secondaires 65 sont connectées aux pontons 61 immergés et aux entretoises primaires. Selon un mode de réalisation, les entretoises secondaires sont connectées environ au milieu de la longueur des pontons, et environ au milieu de la longueur des entretoises primaires. Les entretoises primaires et les entretoises secondaires sont de formes tubulaires, avec des sections transversales circulaires ou rectangulaires. Selon d'autres modes de réalisation, les entretoises primaires et les entretoises secondaires peuvent également être formées de poutres de section transversale en I, H ou T. Des virures ou éléments semblables peuvent être disposés le long des entretoises primaires et/ou des entretoises secondaires afin de contrôler la génération de tourbillons.  For better structural strength and stiffness, the columns 3, the pontoons 61, the beams 62 and the intermediate piece 66 are interconnected with a trellis structure composed of diagonally arranged primary struts 64 and diagonal spacers 65 . The primary struts 64 are connected to the immersed part, more precisely to the lower part of the upper portion 51, above the stabilizing portion 52, and to the intermediate piece 66. In addition, the primary struts 64 are guided to through the beams 62 and structurally connected thereto. According to one embodiment, the primary spacers are connected to the intermediate piece, approximately two-thirds of the height of the intermediate piece. The secondary struts 65 are connected to the submerged pontoons 61 and the primary struts. According to one embodiment, the secondary struts are connected about the middle of the length of the pontoons, and about the middle of the length of the primary struts. The primary struts and the secondary struts are tubular in shape, with circular or rectangular cross sections. According to other embodiments, the primary struts and the secondary struts may also be formed of I, H or T cross-section beams. Strakes or similar elements may be arranged along the primary struts and / or the secondary struts. to control the generation of vortices.
Avec cette conception de structure utilisant une pièce intermédiaire 66 et des entretoises primaires raccordées à la pièce intermédiaire environ aux deux tiers de la hauteur de la pièce intermédiaire, les moments de flexion statique et dynamique exercés par l'éolienne sur la structure du flotteur sont considérablement réduits.  With this structural design using an intermediate piece 66 and primary spacers connected to the intermediate piece about two-thirds of the height of the intermediate piece, the static and dynamic moment of bending exerted by the wind turbine on the structure of the float are considerably reduced.
Pour la construction des colonnes, de la pièce intermédiaire et des entretoises primaires, des plaques d'acier sont enroulées et soudées pour former des portions tubulaires. Ces portions sont reliées par des soudures circonférentielles et de préférence renforcées par des cloisons, des raidisseurs annulaires et des raidisseurs longitudinaux. Les pontons, les poutres et la pièce de jonction sont formés de panneaux en acier de préférence renforcés par des cloisons, des raidisseurs transversaux et des raidisseurs longitudinaux. Les entretoises secondaires sont formées à partir de tubes certifiés pour une application offshore. Pour tous les procédés de soudage, des machines à souder ou des robots de soudage automatisés sont utilisés afin de permettre une production en série à un niveau de qualité élevé, en un temps réduit et à coûts réduits. For the construction of the columns, the intermediate piece and the primary spacers, steel plates are wound and welded to form tubular portions. These portions are connected by circumferential welds and preferably reinforced by partitions, annular stiffeners and longitudinal stiffeners. The pontoons, the beams and the connecting piece are made of steel panels, preferably reinforced by partitions, transverse stiffeners and longitudinal stiffeners. The secondary spacers are formed from certified tubes for offshore application. For all welding processes, welding machines or automated welding robots are used to enable mass production at a high quality level, in a reduced time and at reduced costs.
Les colonnes 3 forment des ballasts. De préférence, le volume intérieur des colonnes est compartimenté. La portion supérieure 51 et la portion de stabilisation 52 forment deux compartiments de ballast séparés. Chaque ponton constitue également un réservoir de ballast séparé. Le dispositif comprend des systèmes de canalisation pour le chargement et le déchargement des eaux de ballast, et des systèmes de contrôle et de surveillance pour contrôler les systèmes de canalisation.  Columns 3 form ballasts. Preferably, the interior volume of the columns is compartmentalized. The upper portion 51 and the stabilizing portion 52 form two separate ballast compartments. Each pontoon also constitutes a separate ballast tank. The device includes pipeline systems for loading and unloading of ballast water, and control and monitoring systems for controlling pipeline systems.
Chaque colonne peut également être équipée d'au moins une plaque anti-pilonnement 7, une plaque anti-pilonnement étant par exemple attachée à la portion supérieure 51 de chaque colonne.  Each column may also be equipped with at least one anti-heave plate 7, an anti-heave plate being for example attached to the upper portion 51 of each column.
Cette conception du flotteur pour une éolienne offshore tel que dans la présente procure une structure solide et efficace, tant vis-à-vis des chargements extrêmes (ULS) que des chargements en fatigue (FLS). Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, la résistance et la rigidité du flotteur sont le résultat de la géométrie tétraédrique de la structure et des substructures formées par les colonnes, les pontons, les poutres, la pièce de jonction, la pièce intermédiaire, les entretoises primaires et les entretoises secondaires. La charge statique des composants de l'éolienne (pales 11, rotor 12, nacelle 13 et mât 14) est reportée par les entretoises primaires sur les trois colonnes.  This float design for an offshore wind turbine as herein provided provides a solid and efficient structure for both extreme loadings (ULS) and fatigue loadings (FLS). In the illustrated embodiment, the float resistance and rigidity are the result of the tetrahedral geometry of the structure and substructures formed by columns, pontoons, beams, junction piece, intermediate piece, primary spacers and the secondary spacers. The static load of the components of the wind turbine (blades 11, rotor 12, nacelle 13 and mast 14) is carried by the primary spacers on the three columns.
La résistance à la rupture et la résistance à la fatigue, ainsi que la rigidité de la structure du flotteur, peuvent être adaptées et optimisées :  The tensile strength and fatigue resistance, as well as the rigidity of the float structure, can be adapted and optimized:
- en faisant varier les épaisseurs de plaque des colonnes, des pontons, des poutres, de la pièce de jonction, de la pièce intermédiaire, des entretoises primaires et des secondaires entretoises ; et,  by varying the plate thicknesses of the columns, pontoons, beams, junction piece, intermediate piece, primary spacers and secondary spacers; and,
- en faisant varier les dimensions des sections transversales des poutres, des entretoises primaires et des secondaires entretoises. La conception de flotteur est définie de sorte qu'il existe toujours, en tenant compte des mouvements et des inclinaisons statiques de l'éolienne flottante, un tirant d'air minimal entre les crêtes des vagues les plus élevées attendues, et les poutres et ponts en haut de chaque colonne. - by varying the dimensions of the cross sections of the beams, primary spacers and secondary spacers. The float design is defined so that there is always, taking into account the movements and static inclinations of the floating wind turbine, a minimum air draft between the highest expected wave peaks, and the beams and decks. at the top of each column.
La hauteur de la nacelle de l'éolienne au-dessus du niveau de l'eau est définie de sorte que, pour un diamètre choisi du rotor, il existe toujours - en tenant compte des mouvements et des inclinaisons statiques de l'éolienne flottante - une garde sous pale minimale entre les crêtes des vagues les plus élevées attendues et les extrémités des pales du rotor.  The height of the nacelle of the wind turbine above the water level is defined so that, for a selected diameter of the rotor, there is always - taking into account the static movements and inclinations of the floating wind turbine - a minimum blade clearance between the peaks of the highest expected waves and the ends of the rotor blades.
Pour le positionnement de l'éolienne flottante, un système d'ancrage caténaire est par exemple conçu pour une plage de profondeurs entre 50 et 300 m. Ce système d'ancrage se compose d'au moins trois lignes d'ancrage 8, au moins une ligne d'ancrage étant attachée à chaque colonne. Les lignes d'ancrage comprennent des chaînes, des câbles souples, des poids disposés de façon discrète le long de la ligne d'ancrage, et des ancres. Le système d'ancrage caténaire doit empêcher l'éolienne flottante de s'écarter de sa position nominale en contrecarrant l'action combinée des efforts moyens induits par l'éolienne, des efforts constants induits par le vent agissant sur le mât et le flotteur, des efforts constants induits par le courant agissant sur le flotteur et des efforts moyens de dérive dus à la houle. D'autre part, le système d'ancrage doit autoriser, sans les contraindre, les mouvements du premier ordre induits par la houle et l'éolienne, et ceci même dans les conditions extrêmes.  For the positioning of the floating wind turbine, a catenary anchoring system is for example designed for a range of depths between 50 and 300 m. This anchoring system consists of at least three anchor lines 8, at least one anchor line being attached to each column. The anchor lines include chains, flexible cables, weights arranged discretely along the anchor line, and anchors. The catenary anchoring system shall prevent the floating wind turbine from deviating from its nominal position by counteracting the combined action of the average forces induced by the wind turbine, constant forces induced by the wind acting on the mast and the float, constant forces induced by the current acting on the float and average drifting forces due to the swell. On the other hand, the anchoring system must allow, without constraining, the first-order movements induced by the swell and the wind turbine, even under extreme conditions.
En particulier, dans le mode de réalisation illustré, le flotteur a une forme symétrique, avec la pièce intermédiaire pour le mât centrée selon l'axe central vertical et les trois colonnes disposées à un angle de 120° les unes des autres. Par conséquent, l'arrangement du système d'ancrage est également de forme symétrique, l'angle de déploiement de chaque ligne d'ancrage est d'environ 120°. Par cette approche de conception de symétrie à 120°, on limite le risque d'exciter les mouvements basses fréquences du système. En outre, il n'est plus nécessaire de prévoir de systèmes de ballast actifs, qui augmentent le coût total et constituent un risque supplémentaire en cas de panne ou de dysfonctionnement. Même pour des emplacements de parc éolien avec des orientations significativement dominantes de vent et/ou de houle, un arrangement non symétrique du flotteur et du système d'ancrage serait d'aucun avantage par rapport à la conception de flotteur selon l'invention. Dans d'autres modes de réalisation, des valeurs différentes de l'angle de déploiement peuvent être choisies selon les conditions spécifiques à l'emplacement sélectionné. In particular, in the illustrated embodiment, the float has a symmetrical shape, with the intermediate part for the mast centered along the vertical central axis and the three columns arranged at an angle of 120 ° from each other. Therefore, the arrangement of the anchoring system is also of symmetrical shape, the deployment angle of each anchor line is about 120 °. By this 120 ° symmetry design approach, the risk of exciting the low frequency motions of the system is limited. In addition, it is no longer necessary to provide active ballast systems, which increase the total cost and constitute an additional risk in case of failure or malfunction. Even for wind farm sites with significantly dominant wind and / or wave orientations, an unsymmetrical arrangement of the float and anchoring system would be of no interest. advantage over the float design according to the invention. In other embodiments, different values of the deployment angle may be chosen depending on the conditions specific to the selected location.
La structure modulable particulière du flotteur selon l'invention permet d'adapter la conception du flotteur à différentes conditions tout en gardant un grand nombre d'éléments structuraux identiques et en changeant qu'un nombre limité d'éléments structuraux.  The particular modular structure of the float according to the invention makes it possible to adapt the design of the float to different conditions while keeping a large number of identical structural elements and changing only a limited number of structural elements.
Le paramètre principal pour l'adaptation de la conception du flotteur à des conditions environnementales (état de mer, courant, vent) et à des caractéristiques de poussée du rotor, est la distance radiale des colonnes verticales par rapport à l'axe vertical central. En adaptant la distance radiale des colonnes verticales, la stabilité hydrostatique en gîte et en assiette du flotteur, ainsi que les fréquences propres en roulis et en tangage peuvent être ajustées aux niveaux requis.  The main parameter for adapting the float design to environmental conditions (sea state, current, wind) and rotor thrust characteristics is the radial distance of the vertical columns from the central vertical axis. By adapting the radial distance of the vertical columns, the hydrostatic stability in heel and float attitude, as well as the natural frequencies in roll and pitch can be adjusted to the required levels.
En outre, les fréquences d'annulation pour les efforts d'excitation induits par la houle en cavalement, embardée et lacet peuvent être adaptées.  In addition, the cancellation frequencies for the excitation forces induced by the wave swell, yaw and yaw can be adapted.
Les dimensions de la partie non-immergée et de la partie immergée (portion supérieure et portion de stabilisation) des colonnes verticales et les dimensions de la pièce de jonction et de la pièce intermédiaire restent identiques. Les dimensions des sections transversales des pontons immergés, des poutres, des entretoises primaires et secondaires restent identiques, mais les longueurs de ces éléments sont adaptées à la position radiale des colonnes verticales.  The dimensions of the non-submerged portion and the immersed portion (upper portion and stabilizing portion) of the vertical columns and the dimensions of the connecting piece and the intermediate piece remain identical. The dimensions of the transverse sections of the submerged pontoons, the beams, the primary and secondary spacers remain identical, but the lengths of these elements are adapted to the radial position of the vertical columns.
Deux paramètres supplémentaires pour l'adaptation de la conception sont les diamètres et les hauteurs de la partie non-immergée et de la partie immergée (portion supérieure et portion de stabilisation) des colonnes verticales. En adaptant les diamètres de la partie non- immergée 4 et de la portion supérieure 51 des colonnes verticales, la stabilité hydrostatique en pilonnement, gîte et assiette du flotteur, ainsi que les fréquences propres en pilonnement, roulis et tangage peuvent être ajustées aux niveaux requis.  Two additional parameters for the design adaptation are the diameters and heights of the non-immersed part and the submerged part (upper portion and stabilization portion) of the vertical columns. By adapting the diameters of the non-submerged portion 4 and the upper portion 51 of the vertical columns, the hydrostatic stability in heave, heel and float attitude, and the natural frequencies in heave, roll and pitch can be adjusted to the required levels. .
Un exemple non limitatif d'un dispositif selon l'invention est défini dans le tableau 1 ci-dessous : Tableau 1 A non-limiting example of a device according to the invention is defined in Table 1 below: Table 1
Figure imgf000016_0001
Figure imgf000016_0001
Rapport A = (distance radiale entre le point d'intersection de l'axe de chaque colonne avec la ligne de flottaison et l'axe central vertical du dispositif) / (hauteur de la partie immergée des colonnes)  Report A = (radial distance between the point of intersection of the axis of each column with the waterline and the vertical central axis of the device) / (height of the immersed part of the columns)
Rapport B = (section transversale de la portion de stabilisation) / (section transversale de la portion supérieure) Rapport C = (hauteur de la portion supérieure)/ (hauteur de la portion de stabilisation) Selon une variante de réalisation illustrée à la figure 3A, chaque colonne 103 du flotteur a un axe longitudinal B vertical et présente une partie non-immergée 104 et une partie immergée 105. Chaque colonne est constituée d'un corps creux, comprenant une paroi périphérique 131, fermée à ses extrémités par une paroi supérieure 132 et une paroi inférieure 133. La partie immergée comprend une portion supérieure 151 s'étendant vers le bas depuis la partie non-immergée 104, une portion de stabilisation 152 s'étendant vers le bas depuis la portion supérieure, et une portion inférieure 153 qui s'étend vers le bas depuis la portion de stabilisation et qui est fermée par la paroi inférieure 133. Les portions de stabilisation des colonnes sont reliées deux à deux par des pontons. La section transversale de la partie non-immergée 104, de la portion supérieure 151 et de la portion inférieure 153 sont sensiblement identiques et sensiblement constantes. La section transversale de la portion de stabilisation est sensiblement constante et plus grande que celle des autres portions 151, 153. La partie non-immergée 104, la portion supérieure 151 et la portion inférieure 153 sont disposées coaxialement. La portion de stabilisation n'est pas coaxiale avec les autres portions, son axe vertical étant décalé latéralement, par exemple décalé radialement vers l'extérieur par rapport à l'axe central du flotteur. La portion de stabilisation définit une surface supérieure 152a horizontale annulaire, une surface inférieure 152b horizontale annulaire, et une surface périphérique 152c verticale. Ratio B = (cross-section of the stabilization portion) / (cross-section of the upper portion) Ratio C = (height of the upper portion) / (height of the stabilization portion) According to an alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3A, each column 103 of the float has a vertical longitudinal axis B and has a non-immersed portion 104 and a submerged portion 105. Each column consists of a hollow body, comprising a peripheral wall 131, closed at its ends by an upper wall 132 and a bottom wall 133. The submerged portion comprises an upper portion 151 extending downwardly from the non-submerged portion 104, a stabilizing portion 152 extending downwardly. from the upper portion, and a lower portion 153 which extends downwardly from the stabilizing portion and which is closed by the bottom wall 133. The stabilizing portions of the columns are connected in pairs by pontoons. The cross section of the non-submerged portion 104, the upper portion 151 and the lower portion 153 are substantially identical and substantially constant. The cross section of the stabilizing portion is substantially constant and larger than that of the other portions 151, 153. The non-submerged portion 104, the upper portion 151 and the lower portion 153 are disposed coaxially. The stabilizing portion is not coaxial with the other portions, its vertical axis being shifted laterally, for example shifted radially outwardly relative to the central axis of the float. The stabilizing portion defines an annular horizontal upper surface 152a, an annular horizontal lower surface 152b, and a vertical peripheral surface 152c.
Selon une variante de réalisation illustrée à la figure 3B, chaque colonne 203 du flotteur a un axe longitudinal B vertical et présente une partie non-immergée 204 et une partie immergée 205. Chaque colonne est constituée d'un corps creux, comprenant une paroi périphérique 231 , fermée à ses extrémités par une paroi supérieure 232 et une paroi inférieure 233. La partie immergée comprend une portion supérieure 251 s'étendant vers le bas depuis la partie non-immergée 204, une portion de stabilisation 252 s'étendant vers le bas depuis la portion supérieure et une portion inférieure 253 qui s'étend vers le bas depuis la portion de stabilisation et qui est fermée par la paroi inférieure 233. Les portions de stabilisation des colonnes sont reliées deux à deux par des pontons. La section transversale de la partie non-immergée 204, de la portion supérieure 251 et de la portion inférieure 253 sont identiques et sensiblement constantes. La section transversale de la portion de stabilisation est supérieure à celle des autres portions 251 , 253. La partie non-immergée et les trois portions 251, 252, 253 sont disposées coaxialement, la section transversale de la portion de stabilisation est non constante, afin de définir une surface supérieure 252a horizontale annulaire, une surface périphérique 252c verticale et une surface inférieure 252b tronconique, avec une section transversale qui diminue de manière sensiblement continue, de haut en bas. According to an alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3B, each column 203 of the float has a vertical longitudinal axis B and has a non-submerged portion 204 and a submerged portion 205. Each column consists of a hollow body, comprising a peripheral wall 231, closed at its ends by an upper wall 232 and a bottom wall 233. The submerged portion comprises an upper portion 251 extending downwardly from the non-submerged portion 204, a stabilizing portion 252 extending downwardly. from the upper portion and a lower portion 253 which extends downwardly from the stabilizing portion and which is closed by the bottom wall 233. The stabilizing portions of the columns are connected in pairs by pontoons. The cross section of the non-submerged portion 204, the upper portion 251 and the lower portion 253 are identical and substantially constant. The cross-section of the stabilization portion is greater than that of the other portions 251, 253. The non-immersed portion and the three portions 251, 252, 253 are arranged coaxially, the cross-section of the stabilization portion is non-constant, so that defining an annular upper horizontal surface 252a, a vertical peripheral surface 252c and a frustoconical lower surface 252b, with a cross-section which decreases substantially continuously, from top to bottom.
Selon une variante de réalisation illustrée à la figure 3C, chaque colonne 303 du flotteur a un axe longitudinal B vertical et présente une partie non-immergée 304 et une partie immergée 305. Chaque colonne est constituée d'un corps creux, comprenant une paroi périphérique 331 fermée à ses extrémités par une paroi supérieure 332 et une paroi inférieure 333. La partie immergée comprend une portion supérieure 351 s 'étendant vers le bas depuis la partie non-immergée 304 et une portion de stabilisation 352 s'étendant vers le bas depuis la portion supérieure et constituant la partie d'extrémité inférieure de la colonne. Les portions de stabilisation des colonnes sont reliées deux à deux par des pontons. La section transversale de la partie non-immergée 304 et de la portion supérieure 351 sont identiques et sensiblement constantes. La section transversale de la portion de stabilisation est supérieure à celle de l'autre portion 351. Les portions 351 , 352 sont coaxiales, la section transversale de la portion de stabilisation n'est pas constante, afin de définir une surface supérieure 352a annulaire tronconique, avec une section transversale qui augmente de manière sensiblement continue de haut en bas, une surface périphérique 352c verticale et une surface inférieure 352b horizontale en forme de disque, constituée par la paroi inférieure.  According to an alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3C, each column 303 of the float has a vertical longitudinal axis B and has a non-submerged portion 304 and a submerged portion 305. Each column consists of a hollow body, comprising a peripheral wall 331 closed at its ends by an upper wall 332 and a lower wall 333. The submerged portion comprises an upper portion 351 extending downwardly from the non-submerged portion 304 and a stabilizing portion 352 extending downwardly from the upper portion and constituting the lower end portion of the column. The stabilization portions of the columns are connected in pairs by pontoons. The cross section of the non-submerged portion 304 and the upper portion 351 are identical and substantially constant. The cross section of the stabilizing portion is greater than that of the other portion 351. The portions 351, 352 are coaxial, the cross section of the stabilizing portion is not constant, to define a frustoconical annular upper surface 352a , with a cross-section which increases substantially continuously from top to bottom, a vertical peripheral surface 352c and a horizontal disc-shaped lower surface 352b formed by the bottom wall.
Selon une variante de réalisation illustrée à la figure 3D, chaque colonne 403 du flotteur a un axe longitudinal B' incliné, qui est incliné de préférence vers l'extérieur par rapport à l'axe central du flotteur, par exemple d'un angle de 5° à 25° par rapport à la verticale. La colonne présente une partie non-immergée 404 et une partie immergée 405. Chaque colonne est constituée d'un corps creux, comprenant une paroi périphérique 431, fermée à ses extrémités par une paroi supérieure 432 et une paroi inférieure 433. La partie immergée comprend une portion supérieure 451 s'étendant vers le bas depuis la partie non-immergée 404, une portion de stabilisation 452 s'étendant vers le bas depuis la portion supérieure, et une portion inférieure 453 s'étendant vers le bas depuis la portion de stabilisation et fermée par la paroi inférieure 433. Les portions de stabilisation des colonnes sont reliées deux à deux par des pontons 461. La partie non-immergée 404, la portion supérieure 451 et la portion inférieure 453 sont coaxiales, et leurs sections transversales sont identiques et sensiblement constantes. La section transversale de la portion de stabilisation est sensiblement constante, est supérieure à celle des autres portions 451, 453, et n'est pas disposée coaxialement, de manière à définir une surface supérieure 452a horizontale annulaire, une surface inférieure 452b horizontale annulaire, et une surface périphérique 452c verticale. According to an alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3D, each column 403 of the float has an inclined longitudinal axis B ', which is inclined preferably outwardly with respect to the central axis of the float, for example at an angle of 5 ° at 25 ° to the vertical. The column has a non-submerged portion 404 and a submerged portion 405. Each column consists of a hollow body, comprising a peripheral wall 431, closed at its ends by an upper wall 432 and a lower wall 433. The submerged portion comprises an upper portion 451 extending downwardly from the non-submerged portion 404, a stabilizing portion 452 extending downwardly from the upper portion, and a lower portion 453 extending downwardly from the stabilizing portion and closed by the bottom wall 433. The stabilizing portions of the columns are connected two to one another. two by pontoons 461. The non-submerged portion 404, the upper portion 451 and the lower portion 453 are coaxial, and their cross sections are identical and substantially constant. The cross-section of the stabilizing portion is substantially constant, is greater than that of the other portions 451, 453, and is not arranged coaxially, so as to define an annular upper annular surface 452a, a horizontal annular lower surface 452b, and a vertical peripheral surface 452c.
Dans d'autres modes de réalisation, chaque colonne peut comprendre plusieurs portions de stabilisation espacées les unes des autres le long de la partie immergée, et/ou peut comprendre des portions de stabilisation étagées, avec une surface supérieure non continue et/ou une surface inférieure non continue, lesdites surfaces non continues comprenant au moins deux portions qui sont décalées verticalement et reliées entre elles par une surface périphérique.  In other embodiments, each column may comprise a plurality of stabilization portions spaced from one another along the submerged portion, and / or may comprise stepped stabilizing portions, with a non-continuous top surface and / or a surface lower non-continuous, said non-continuous surfaces comprising at least two portions which are offset vertically and interconnected by a peripheral surface.
Selon une variante de réalisation, les portions de stabilisation et/ou les pontons immergés sont munis de trous ou puits verticaux traversant, les puits verticaux d'une portion de stabilisation débouchant sur ses surfaces supérieure et inférieure, et les trous verticaux d'un ponton débouchant sur ses surfaces supérieure et inférieure. Ces trous verticaux peuvent présenter différentes sections transversales, par exemple des sections transversales rectangulaires.  According to an alternative embodiment, the stabilization portions and / or the immersed pontoons are provided with holes or vertical wells passing through, the vertical wells of a stabilizing portion opening on its upper and lower surfaces, and the vertical holes of a pontoon opening on its upper and lower surfaces. These vertical holes may have different cross sections, for example rectangular cross sections.
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec différents modes de réalisation particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention.  Although the invention has been described in connection with various particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is not limited thereto and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if they are within the scope of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif d'éolienne flottante offshore comprenant 1. Offshore floating wind turbine device comprising
- un flotteur (2) de type semi-submersible comprenant a float (2) of semi-submersible type comprising
- au moins trois colonnes (3), chaque colonne comprenant une partie (4) non-immergée et une partie (5) immergée, et  at least three columns (3), each column comprising a non-immersed part (4) and a submerged part (5), and
- éléments de liaison (6) pour relier rigidement les colonnes les unes aux autres, et  connecting elements (6) for rigidly connecting the columns to each other, and
- au moins une éolienne (1) comprenant des pales (11), un rotor (12), une nacelle (13) et un mât (14), le mât étant assemblé audit flotteur, caractérisé en ce que la partie immergée (5) des colonnes (3) comprend au moins une portion de stabilisation (52) de plus grande section transversale, qui définit une surface supérieure (52a) et une surface inférieure reliées l'une à l'autre par une surface périphérique (52c), les éléments de liaison (6) comprennent au moins un ponton immergé (61) reliant rigidement deux portions de stabilisation (52) l'une à l'autre.  at least one wind turbine (1) comprising blades (11), a rotor (12), a nacelle (13) and a mast (14), the mast being assembled to said float, characterized in that the immersed part (5) columns (3) comprises at least one stabilizing portion (52) of larger cross section, which defines an upper surface (52a) and a lower surface connected to each other by a peripheral surface (52c), the connecting elements (6) comprise at least one submerged pontoon (61) rigidly connecting two stabilizing portions (52) to each other.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chaque ponton immergé (61) est disposé sensiblement horizontalement et a une section transversale sensiblement rectangulaire avec une surface supérieure (61a) et une surface inférieure (61b) reliées l'une à l'autre par deux surfaces latérales (61c).  2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that each submerged pontoon (61) is disposed substantially horizontally and has a substantially rectangular cross-section with an upper surface (61a) and a lower surface (61b) connected to one another. other by two side surfaces (61c).
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le ponton immergé (61) se présente sous la forme d'un corps creux comprenant une paroi périphérique, le ponton immergé étant lesté ou constitue un réservoir de ballast.  3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the submerged pontoon (61) is in the form of a hollow body comprising a peripheral wall, the submerged pontoon being weighted or constitutes a ballast tank.
4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la surface périphérique (52c) est sensiblement verticale.  4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the peripheral surface (52c) is substantially vertical.
5. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la surface supérieure (52a) et la surface inférieure (52b) de la portion de stabilisation (52) sont sensiblement horizontales.  5. Device according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the upper surface (52a) and the lower surface (52b) of the stabilizing portion (52) are substantially horizontal.
6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que chaque colonne (3) se présente sous la forme d'un corps creux comprenant une paroi périphérique (31), la portion de stabilisation (52) étant lestée ou constitue un réservoir de ballast. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each column (3) is in the form of a hollow body comprising a peripheral wall (31), the stabilizing portion (52) being weighted or constitutes a ballast tank.
7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que chaque partie immergée (5) de chaque colonne comprend une portion de stabilisation (52). 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each submerged portion (5) of each column comprises a stabilizing portion (52).
8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le flotteur comprend plusieurs pontons immergés (61), chaque ponton immergé reliant deux colonnes adjacentes (3).  8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the float comprises a plurality of submerged pontoons (61), each submerged pontoon connecting two adjacent columns (3).
9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la partie immergée (5) comprend une portion supérieure (51), s'étendant vers le bas depuis la partie non-immergée (4), la portion de stabilisation (52) s'étendant vers le bas depuis ladite portion supérieure (51).  9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the submerged portion (5) comprises an upper portion (51), extending downwardly from the non-immersed portion (4), the portion of stabilizer (52) extending downwardly from said upper portion (51).
10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le rapport (section transversale de la portion de stabilisation / section transversale de la portion supérieure) est comprise entre 1,00 et 5,00.  10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the ratio (cross section of the stabilizing portion / cross section of the upper portion) is between 1.00 and 5.00.
11. Dispositif selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que le rapport (hauteur de la portion supérieure / hauteur de la portion de stabilisation) est comprise entre 2,00 et 10,00.  11. Device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the ratio (height of the upper portion / height of the stabilizing portion) is between 2.00 and 10.00.
12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le rapport (hauteur de ponton / hauteur de la portion de stabilisation) est compris entre 0,5 et 4,0.  12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the ratio (pontoon height / height of the stabilizing portion) is between 0.5 and 4.0.
13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le rapport (section transversale de la portion supérieure de la colonne / section transversale du ponton) est compris entre 0,5 et 4,0.  13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the ratio (cross section of the upper portion of the column / cross section of the pontoon) is between 0.5 and 4.0.
14. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le rapport (distance radiale du point d'intersection de l'axe de chaque colonne avec la ligne de flottaison à l'axe vertical central du dispositif / hauteur de la partie immergée) est compris entre 1,00 et 4,00.  14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the ratio (radial distance from the point of intersection of the axis of each column with the waterline to the central vertical axis of the device / height of the immersed part) is between 1.00 and 4.00.
15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de liaison (6) comprennent  15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the connecting elements (6) comprise
- des poutres (62), chaque poutre est reliée par une première extrémité à une colonne (3) et s'étend radialement vers l'intérieur, les poutres étant reliées par leurs secondes extrémités, au niveau de l'axe central vertical (A) du flotteur, à une pièce de jonction (63) centrale, cette pièce de jonction étant équipée d'une pièce intermédiaire (66) verticale pour le support du mât (14) de l'éolienne (1), - des entretoises primaires (64) diagonales qui sont reliées à la partie immergée (5) des colonnes (3) et à la pièce intermédiaire (66), lesdites entretoises primaires (64) étant reliées à la pièce intermédiaire (66), en un point disposé entre la moitié et les trois quarts de la hauteur de la pièce intermédiaire, et - Beams (62), each beam is connected by a first end to a column (3) and extends radially inward, the beams being connected by their second ends, at the central vertical axis (A ) of the float, to a central connecting piece (63), this connecting piece being equipped with an intermediate piece (66) vertical for supporting the mast (14) of the wind turbine (1), - diagonal primary struts (64) which are connected to the immersed part (5) of the columns (3) and to the intermediate piece (66), said primary struts (64) being connected to the intermediate piece (66), in one point lying between half and three quarters of the height of the intermediate piece, and
- des entretoises secondaires (65) diagonales qui sont reliées aux pontons immergés (61) et aux entretoises primaires (64).  - Diagonal secondary struts (65) which are connected to the submerged pontoons (61) and the primary struts (64).
PCT/EP2011/070722 2010-11-22 2011-11-22 Offshore wind-powered device with specific semi-submersible float WO2012069498A1 (en)

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FR1059603 2010-11-22
FR1059603A FR2967642B1 (en) 2010-11-22 2010-11-22 OFFSHORE WIND POWER DEVICE WITH PARTICULAR SEMI-SUBMERSIBLE FLOAT

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