WO2012069072A1 - Autostereoscopic display and method for displaying stereoscopic images - Google Patents
Autostereoscopic display and method for displaying stereoscopic images Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012069072A1 WO2012069072A1 PCT/EP2010/007283 EP2010007283W WO2012069072A1 WO 2012069072 A1 WO2012069072 A1 WO 2012069072A1 EP 2010007283 W EP2010007283 W EP 2010007283W WO 2012069072 A1 WO2012069072 A1 WO 2012069072A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/305—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/317—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using slanted parallax optics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/366—Image reproducers using viewer tracking
- H04N13/368—Image reproducers using viewer tracking for two or more viewers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/366—Image reproducers using viewer tracking
- H04N13/376—Image reproducers using viewer tracking for tracking left-right translational head movements, i.e. lateral movements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an autostereoscopic display for simultaneously displaying a plurality of more than two views, each of the views being visible from one of a first number of viewing zones such that the viewing zones form a connected observation area in front of the display. Furthermore the invention relates to a corresponding method for displaying stereoscopic images by simultaneously displaying a plurality of views such that each of the views are visible from one of the viewing zones.
- An autostereoscopic display of this kind comprises a pixel array and an optical grating, wherein the pixel array comprises a number of subsets of pixels, this number being equal to said first number and each of the subsets forming a family of parallel stripes and corresponding to one of the viewing zones which is, thereby, unambiguously assigned to this subset, stripes of the different subsets alternating in a cyclical sequence and each of the stripes comprising a plurality of pixels, the optical grating showing a structure aligned with said parallel stripes for directing light coming from pixels of each of the subsets into the viewing zone assigned to the respective subset .
- Displays of this kind are known as so called multi- view displays and used in the state of the art for displaying stereoscopic images by displaying a number of images, this number being equal to said first number, on the pixel array of the display such that each of this first number of images is reproduced by the pixels of one of the subsets, the images being half images of the same scene corresponding to views from adjacent observation points, pairs of them complementing each other to stereoscopic images, and the images reproduced by any pair of the subsets comprising adjacent stripes corresponding to views from a pair of adjacent observation points.
- this scene can be perceived as a three-dimensional image by any user adopting a position which makes sure that the two eyes of this user are placed in two different of said viewing zones.
- the optical grating of the autostereoscopic display according to the invention is variable such that the viewing zones and the observation area formed by the viewing zones can be laterally shifted by varying the optical grating.
- this display comprises a tracking device and a control unit, wherein the tracking device is configured for detecting head positions or eye positions of at least two users and for generating a tracking signal depending on the detected head positions or eye positions, and wherein the control unit is configured for receiving the tracking signal and for receiving or generating image data of a second number of images or image sequences corresponding to views from the same number of adjacent observation points, this second number being larger than said first number, the control unit being furthermore configured for varying the grating de- pending on the tracking signal received from the tracking device and for activating the pixels depending on the image data and on the tracking signal.
- control unit is programmed for - selecting, out of the second number of images or image sequences, a number of images or image sequences equal to said first number and activating the pixels such that each image or image sequence of this first number of images or image sequences is repro- pokerd by the pixels of one of the subsets and that the images or image sequences reproduced by any pair of subsets comprising adjacent stripes correspond to views from a pair of adjacent observation points, - checking, by evaluating the tracking signal, whether the head position or the eye positions of any of the users are moving into a lateral direction towards a boundary of the observation area and, if so, whether an eye position of this user can be prevented from leaving the observation area without causing an eye position of any other of the users to leave the observation area by laterally shifting the observation area by an amount of a width of one viewing zone or an integer multiple of this width, and
- the optical grating to be varied such that the observation area is shifted together with the viewing zones into said lateral direction by said amount and, simultaneously, changing an activation of the pixels by exchanging the images or image sequences reproduced by the pix- els of the different subsets such that, from any place in an intersection of the observation area before and after the shifting, the same of these images or image sequences can be seen on the display before and after the shifting and exchanging.
- optical grating is used, in this context, in a broad sense.
- the grating does not have to be a diffraction grating. It may, rather, be realized by any structure having the function described here. Typically, the grating will show a structure of equidistant parallel lines.
- This method which can be performed by means of a display of the kind described here, comprises
- each image or image sequence of this first number of images or image sequences is reproduced by pixels of one of a number of subsets of pixels of the pixel array, the number of subsets being equal to the first number, each of the subsets forming a family of parallel stripes and corresponding to one of the viewing zones which is, thereby, unambiguously assigned to this subset, stripes of different subsets alternating in a cyclical sequence, the images or image sequences being half images corresponding to views from adjacent observation points, pairs of them complementing each other to stereoscopic images, and the images or image sequences reproduced by any pair of subsets comprising adjacent stripes corresponding to views from a pair of adjacent observation points, wherein light coming from pixels of each of the subsets is directed, by a structure of an optical grating of the display aligned with said parallel stripes, into the viewing zone assigned to this subset,
- the optical grating such that the observation area is shifted together with the viewing zones into said lateral direction by said amount and, simultaneously, changing an activation of the pixels such that, from any place in an intersection of the observation area before and after the shifting, the same of the first number of images or image sequences can be seen on the display before and after the shifting while, on any of the subsets corresponding to a viewing zone which is shifted beyond the boundary of the observation area as defined before the shifting, a new image or image sequence is reproduced which is not part of said first number of images or image sequences displayed before the shifting, wherein the images or image sequences reproduced after the shifting by any pair of subsets comprising adjacent stripes are half images corresponding to views from a pair of adjacent observation points.
- the first number of images or image sequences and the at least one new image or image sequence can be selected from a second number of images or image sequences corresponding to views from the same number of adjacent observation points, this second number being larger than said first number.
- the at least one new image or image sequence can be generated by means of a renderer or se- lected from image data received by a control unit of the display. The same may apply to one or more of the first number of images or image sequences.
- the grating can be varied by shifting the whole grating or by shifting only the structure of the grating.
- the pixel array of the suggested autostereoscopic display can, for example, be given by a liquid crystal display.
- the structure of the optical grating is typically given by a family of cylindrical lenses or slits. As it is possible that any of the stripes of the subsets of pixels can be seen not only through one of these lenses or slits but also through one or more adjacent lenses or slits, it shall not be excluded that there are, in addition to said first number of viewing zones, additional zones from which one or the other of the displayed images or image sequences can be seen. Typically, a quality of the images seen from these additional zones is worse compared to an image quality realized in said first number of viewing zones .
- the stripes of the subsets of pixels on the pixel array are equidistant.
- the cylindrical lenses or slits are preferably equidistant.
- the optical grating of the display can, for being variable, be designed slidable as a whole. As it should be possible to vary the grating as fast as possible it may, however, be advantageous if the structure of the grating is shiftable without moving the whole grating for varying the grating.
- the grating is electro- mechanically or electronically variable for shifting the observation area.
- a material of the grating is de- formable for varying the grating. This may, in particular, be the case if the structure of the grating is given by lenses which may effectively be shifted by deforming said material.
- the grating comprises a liq- uid crystal layer or a refractive layer or a bire- fringent layer, wherein the grating is variable by changing an electronic activation of this layer.
- control unit is configured for extrapolating a detected move of the head or eye positions and for receiving or generating image data of at least one image or image sequence out of the second number of images or image sequences presently not represented on any of the subsets of pixels and expected to be used for exchanging at least one of the images or image sequences represented on the pixels of the different subsets in view of the extrapolated move. This helps to compensate for delays caused by the fact that generating and displaying new images takes a certain time.
- the second number does not need to be defined as a fix number as new images or image sequences can be generated by means of a renderer when they are needed.
- Fig. 1 shows a top view of an autostereoscopic
- Fig. 2 shows a partial view of a pixel array of this display.
- Fig. 3 shows, schematically, a top view of a part of the display and two pairs of eyes of two users in front of the display in a situation corresponding to Fig. 1.
- Fig. 4 shows a top view of the same part of the display after a move of one of the users.
- Fig. 1 shows an autostereoscopic display for simultaneously displaying a plurality of a first number of views.
- this first number is chosen to be six.
- the display comprises a pixel array 11, which is a liquid crystal display, and an optical grating 12 arranged in front of the pixel array 11.
- a part of the pixel array 12 can be seen in Fig. 2.
- a plurality of pixels 1', 2', 3', 4', 5' and 6' of the pixel array 12 are arranged in lines and columns, columns of red, green and blue pixels 1' to 6 1 alter- nating in a cyclical sequence.
- the pixels 1' to 6 ' are marked with one of the letters R, G and B.
- the pixels 1' to 6 1 are assigned to six different subsets.
- a first of these subsets is composed of the pixels 1', a second subset of the pixels 2 1 a third subset of the pixels 3 1 , a fourth subset of the pixels 4 ' , a fifth subset of the pixels 5', and a sixth subset of the pixels 6' .
- each of the subsets forms a family of equidistant parallel stripes, wherein the stripes belonging to the different subsets alternate in a cyclical sequence.
- Each of the subsets is unambiguously assigned to one of six viewing zones 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 which are shown in Fig. 1. These viewing zones 21 to 26 form a connected observation area 20 in front of the display.
- the optical grating 12 has a structure which is given by a family of equidistant parallel cylindrical lenses or slits aligned with the stripes forming the different subsets of pixels 1' to 6 1 . In Fig. 2, this structure is indicated by dashed lines. Light coming from the pixels 1 1 , 2', 3', 4 ' , 5' and 6 ' of the different subsets is directed, by the structure of the optical grating 12, into the viewing zone 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 or 26 assigned to the respective sub- set. Thus, an image represented on the pixels l 1 , 2',
- 3 1 , 4 1 5 ' or 6 1 of any of the subsets is visible from the viewing zone 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 or 26 assigned to this subset.
- six views can simultaneously be displayed by means of the autostereoscopic display such that each of these views can be seen from one of the viewing zones 21 to 26.
- the optical grating 12 is variable such that the viewing zones 21 to 26 and the observation area 20 formed by the viewing zones 21 to 26 can be laterally shifted by varying the optical grating 12.
- the grating 12 can be slidably mounted or be realized such that the structure of the grating 12 can be shifted without moving the whole grating 12.
- the grating 12 can be varied electro- mechanically by deforming a material of the grating 12 and, thus, shifting the lenses forming said structure.
- the grating 12 comprises a liquid crystal layer or a refractive layer or a bi- refractive layer and can be varied electronically by changing an electronic activation of this layer such that transparent slits or lenses formed by this layer are shifted.
- the display comprises a tracking device 13 and a control unit 14 for activating the pixels 1' to 6' of the pixel array 11 and for varying the structure of the optical grating 12.
- the tracking device 13 is given by a stereo camera and configured for detecting eye positions of a first user 31 and a second user 32 and any other user. The eye positions can either directly be detected by evaluating pictures taken with the stereo camera or indirectly by detecting head positions of the users
- the control unit 14 is configured for receiving a tracking signal 15 and for receiving or generating image data 16 of a larger number of more than six images or image sequences. These images or image sequences are half images corresponding to views from adjacent observation points, pairs of them complementing each other to stereoscopic images.
- the tracking signal 15 is generated by the tracking device 13 and represents the detected eye positions.
- the control unit 14 which is programmed accordingly, selects six images or image sequences out of the larger number of images or image sequences and activates the pixels 1 ' to 6' such that each of these six images or image sequences is reproduced by the pixels 1 1 , 2', 3', 4', 5' or 6' of one of the subsets. More precisely, images or image sequences reproduced by any pair or subsets comprising adjacent stripes correspond to views from a pair of adjacent observation points and are complementing each other to a stereo- scopic image.
- there are five of said pairs of subsets namely the pair of the subsets composed of the pixels 1 ' and 2 1 , the pair of the subsets composed of the pixels 2' and 3', the pair of the subsets composed of the pixels 3 1 and 4 ' , the pair of the subsets composed of the pixels 4 ' and 5', and the pair of the subsets composed of the pixels 5 ' and 6 ' .
- control unit 14 is programmed for performing the following steps.
- the control unit 14 checks whether the head position or the eye positions of any of the users 31 and 32 are moving into a lateral direction towards the boundary of the observation area 20. As an example, it is assumed that this is the case for the second user 32. A move of this user 32 is indicated in Fig. 1 by an arrow.
- the control unit 14 checks whether an eye position of this user 32 can be prevented from leaving the observation area 20 without causing an eye posi- tion of the first user 31 or any other user to leave the observation area 20 by laterally shifting the observation area 20 by an amount of a width of one of the viewing zones 21 to 26 or an integer multiple of this width. If this is the case, as in the situation of Fig. 1, the control unit 14 causes the optical grating 12 to be varied such that the observation area 20 is shifted together with the viewing zones 21 to 26 into said lateral direction by said amount. In the present case, this amount corresponds to the width of one the viewing zones 21 to 26. In Fig.
- a doted line 20' indicates a position of the observation area 20 after the shifting.
- the control unit 14 is, furthermore, programmed to simultaneously change an activation of the pixels 1' to 6 1 by exchanging the images or image sequences reproduced by the pixels l 1 to 6 ' of the different subsets such that, from any place in an intersection of the observation area 20 before and after the shifting, the same of these images or image sequences can be seen on the display before and after the shifting and exchanging while, on any subset corresponding to any of the viewing zones 21 to 26 which is shifted beyond the boundary of the observation area 20 as defined before the shifting, a new image or image sequence is reproduced which is not part of the six images or image sequences displayed before the shifting.
- the new image or image sequence is selected such that the images or image sequences reproduced after the shifting by any pair of subsets comprising adjacent stripes on the pixel array 11 are, again, half images corresponding to views from a pair of adjacent observation points.
- the images or image sequences are exchanged such that the images or image sequences represented, before the shifting and exchanging, on the subsets composed of the pixels 1' to 5' are, after the shifting and exchanging, represented on the subsets composed of the pixels 2' to 6' .
- the new image or image sequence which is selected from the larger number of images coded by the image data 16, is represented on the subset composed by the pixels 1 1 . Together with the image or image sequence represented now be the pixels 2 ' , this new image or images sequence combines to a stereoscopic image which can, after the shifting and exchanging, be seen by the second user 32.
- the structure of the optical grating 12 is shown here as a family of cylindrical lenses.
- Fig.3 shows the same situation as Fig. 1. Said larger number of images or image sequences out of which the six images or image sequences are selected is chosen to be ten. Below the pixel array 12, image information of these ten images or image sequences is illustrated and marked with the corresponding numbers 1 to 10. In the situation shown here, only the images or image sequences 3 to 8 are selected out of this larger number of images or image sequences and represented on one of the subsets.
- images sequences are, for simplicity, also referred to as images. More precisely, the image 3 is represented on the subset composed of the pixels 1 ' , the image 4 is represented on the subset composed of the pixels 2', the image 5 is represented on the subset composed of the pixels 3 1 , the image 6 is rep- resented on the subset composed of the pixels 4 ' , the image 7 is represented on the subset composed of the pixels 5 1 , and the image 8 is represented on the subset composed of the pixels 6 1 .
- the right eye Rl of the first user 31 can see, through the grating 12, the image 7 while the left eye LI of this user 31 can see the image 6.
- the right eye R2 of the second user 32 can see the image 4, and the left eye L2 of this user 32 can see the image 3.
- both users 32 see a stereoscopic image from perspectives depending on their position.
- Fig. 4 shows a situation after the move of the second user 32.
- the structure of the optical grating 12 is now shifted such that the second user 32 can, as before his move and before the grating 12 has been varied, still see the subsets of the pixels 1' and 2'. Due to the shifting of the grating 12, the first user 31 will now see the pixels 5' and 6' instead of the pixels 4' and 5'. Correspondingly, the images 2 to 7 are now selected from the larger number of images instead of the images 3 to 8.
- the image 2 is represented on the pixels 1', the image 3 on the pixels 2 ' , the image 4 on the pixels 3 ' , the image 5 on the pixels 4', the image 6 on the pixels 5', and the image 7 is represented on the pixels 6 1 .
- the second user 32 will now see a changed stereoscopic image composed of the half images 2 and 3 and corresponding to a changed observation point.
- the first user 31, however, can still see the same stereoscopic image composed of the half images 6 and 7, even though his eyes LI and Rl are now in the viewing zones 25 and 26 and no more in the viewing zones 24 and 25.
- the described method for compensating the move of the user 32 can be realized in two different ways.
- the control unit 14 receives, at any time, the image data 16 of all ten images 1 to 10 and selects the six images to be displayed out of these existing images 1 to 10.
- the images to be displayed - e.g. images 3 to 8 or 2 to 7 in the situations shown in Figures 3 and 4 - are generated only when they are actually needed.
- This can be done by means of a renderer which may be comprised by the control unit 14.
- the larger number of images are indirectly defined by the image data 16 and calculated by means of the renderer depending on information contained in the image data 16 and on the tracking signal 15.
- control unit 14 is, furthermore, configured for extrapolating any detected move of the head or eye positions and for receiving image data 16 of at least one new image or for generating this new image which is presently not represented on any of the subsets of pixels 1 ' to 6' and expected to be used for exchanging at least one of the images presently represented on the pixels 1' to 6 1 in view of the extrapolated move.
- image data 16 of at least one new image or for generating this new image which is presently not represented on any of the subsets of pixels 1 ' to 6' and expected to be used for exchanging at least one of the images presently represented on the pixels 1' to 6 1 in view of the extrapolated move.
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Abstract
The invention relates to an autostereoscopic display for simultaneously displaying a plurality of more than two views, each of the views being visible from one of a plurality of viewing zones (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), these viewing zones (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) forming a connected observation area (20) in front of the display, the display comprising a pixel array (11), an optical grating (12), a tracking device (13) and a control unit (14), wherein the pixel array (11) comprises a plurality of subsets of pixels (1', 2', 3', 4 ', 5 ', 6'), each of the subsets corresponding to one of the viewing zones (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), wherein the optical grating (12) can be laterally shifted by varying the optical grating (12), and wherein the control unit (14) is configured for varying the grating (12) depending on a tracking signal (15) received from the tracking device (13) and for activating the pixels (1', 2', 3', 4', 5', 61) de¬ pending on image data (16) and on the tracking signal (15), the control unit (14) being programmed for causing, under certain conditions, the optical grating (12) to be varied such that the observation area (20) is shifted together with the viewing zones (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) into a lateral direction and for simultaneously changing an activation of the pixels (1', 2', 3 ', 4 ', 5 ', 6') by exchanging the images or image sequences reproduced by the pixels (1', 2', 3', 4', 5', 6'). The invention relates, furthermore, to a corresponding method for displaying stereoscopic images.
Description
Autostereoscopic display and method for displaying stereoscopic images
The present invention relates to an autostereoscopic display for simultaneously displaying a plurality of more than two views, each of the views being visible from one of a first number of viewing zones such that the viewing zones form a connected observation area in front of the display. Furthermore the invention relates to a corresponding method for displaying stereoscopic images by simultaneously displaying a plurality of views such that each of the views are visible from one of the viewing zones.
An autostereoscopic display of this kind comprises a pixel array and an optical grating, wherein the pixel array comprises a number of subsets of pixels, this number being equal to said first number and each of the subsets forming a family of parallel stripes and corresponding to one of the viewing zones which is,
thereby, unambiguously assigned to this subset, stripes of the different subsets alternating in a cyclical sequence and each of the stripes comprising a plurality of pixels, the optical grating showing a structure aligned with said parallel stripes for directing light coming from pixels of each of the subsets into the viewing zone assigned to the respective subset .
Displays of this kind are known as so called multi- view displays and used in the state of the art for displaying stereoscopic images by displaying a number of images, this number being equal to said first number, on the pixel array of the display such that each of this first number of images is reproduced by the pixels of one of the subsets, the images being half images of the same scene corresponding to views from adjacent observation points, pairs of them complementing each other to stereoscopic images, and the images reproduced by any pair of the subsets comprising adjacent stripes corresponding to views from a pair of adjacent observation points. Thus, this scene can be perceived as a three-dimensional image by any user adopting a position which makes sure that the two eyes of this user are placed in two different of said viewing zones.
This implies that one or several users who freely move within the observation area will always see the displayed stereoscopic image, this image corresponding to a changing observation point depending on a position of the user in the observation area. As soon, however, as one of the users moves to far and leaves the observation area formed by said first num- ber of viewing zones, this user will either stop to see anything on the display or he will see only one
half image or a superposition of half images which do not match and, thus, do not properly combine to a stereoscopic image. Thus, the users have to confine themselves to stay with their heads within boundaries of the observation area. This may be disadvantageous as the number and the size of the viewing zones forming the observation area are limited.
It is an object of the present invention to develop a corresponding autostereoscopic display permitting the users to see the displayed stereoscopic images even if they move within larger boundaries. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to develop a corresponding method for displaying stereoscopic images on an autostereoscopic screen such that they can be seen by one or more users and in a way permitting the users to move within larger boundaries .
This object is achieved by an autostereoscopic dis- play according to claim 1 and by a method according to claim 9. Further advantageous effects may be achieved by the features of the dependent claims.
The optical grating of the autostereoscopic display according to the invention is variable such that the viewing zones and the observation area formed by the viewing zones can be laterally shifted by varying the optical grating. Furthermore, this display comprises a tracking device and a control unit, wherein the tracking device is configured for detecting head positions or eye positions of at least two users and for generating a tracking signal depending on the detected head positions or eye positions, and wherein the control unit is configured for receiving the tracking signal and for receiving or generating image data of a second number of images or image sequences
corresponding to views from the same number of adjacent observation points, this second number being larger than said first number, the control unit being furthermore configured for varying the grating de- pending on the tracking signal received from the tracking device and for activating the pixels depending on the image data and on the tracking signal. More precisely, the control unit is programmed for - selecting, out of the second number of images or image sequences, a number of images or image sequences equal to said first number and activating the pixels such that each image or image sequence of this first number of images or image sequences is repro- duced by the pixels of one of the subsets and that the images or image sequences reproduced by any pair of subsets comprising adjacent stripes correspond to views from a pair of adjacent observation points, - checking, by evaluating the tracking signal, whether the head position or the eye positions of any of the users are moving into a lateral direction towards a boundary of the observation area and, if so, whether an eye position of this user can be prevented from leaving the observation area without causing an eye position of any other of the users to leave the observation area by laterally shifting the observation area by an amount of a width of one viewing zone or an integer multiple of this width, and
- causing, if this is the case, the optical grating to be varied such that the observation area is shifted together with the viewing zones into said lateral direction by said amount and, simultaneously, changing an activation of the pixels by exchanging the images or image sequences reproduced by the pix-
els of the different subsets such that, from any place in an intersection of the observation area before and after the shifting, the same of these images or image sequences can be seen on the display before and after the shifting and exchanging.
The term "optical grating" is used, in this context, in a broad sense. In particular, the grating does not have to be a diffraction grating. It may, rather, be realized by any structure having the function described here. Typically, the grating will show a structure of equidistant parallel lines.
Due to the fact that the observation area is shifted by varying the optical grating, a user does not stop to properly see a stereoscopic of a displayed scene even if he crosses the lateral boundary of the observation area as it was before the shifting. An additional advantage is achieved by simultaneously ex- changing the images or image sequences as described above. This makes sure that the at least one remaining user will not see any disturbing change in the stereoscopic image on the screen caused by the move of the other user.
The same advantages are realized by the suggested method for displaying stereoscopic images on an autostereoscopic display by simultaneously displaying a plurality of views, each of the views being visible from one of a first number of more than two viewing zones, these viewing zones forming a connected observation area in front of the display. This method, which can be performed by means of a display of the kind described here, comprises
- displaying a number of images or image sequences,
this number being equal to said first number, on a pixel array of the display such that each image or image sequence of this first number of images or image sequences is reproduced by pixels of one of a number of subsets of pixels of the pixel array, the number of subsets being equal to the first number, each of the subsets forming a family of parallel stripes and corresponding to one of the viewing zones which is, thereby, unambiguously assigned to this subset, stripes of different subsets alternating in a cyclical sequence, the images or image sequences being half images corresponding to views from adjacent observation points, pairs of them complementing each other to stereoscopic images, and the images or image sequences reproduced by any pair of subsets comprising adjacent stripes corresponding to views from a pair of adjacent observation points, wherein light coming from pixels of each of the subsets is directed, by a structure of an optical grating of the display aligned with said parallel stripes, into the viewing zone assigned to this subset,
- detecting head positions or eye positions of at least two users and generating a tracking signal depending on the detected head positions or eye positions ,
- checking, by evaluating the tracking signal, whether the head position or the eye positions of any of the users are moving into a lateral direction towards a boundary of the observation area and, if so, whether an eye position of this user can be prevented from leaving the observation area without causing an eye position of any other of the users to leave the observation area by laterally shifting the observation area by an amount of a width of one viewing zone
or an integer multiple of this width, and
- varying, when this is the case, the optical grating such that the observation area is shifted together with the viewing zones into said lateral direction by said amount and, simultaneously, changing an activation of the pixels such that, from any place in an intersection of the observation area before and after the shifting, the same of the first number of images or image sequences can be seen on the display before and after the shifting while, on any of the subsets corresponding to a viewing zone which is shifted beyond the boundary of the observation area as defined before the shifting, a new image or image sequence is reproduced which is not part of said first number of images or image sequences displayed before the shifting, wherein the images or image sequences reproduced after the shifting by any pair of subsets comprising adjacent stripes are half images corresponding to views from a pair of adjacent observation points.
For performing this method, the first number of images or image sequences and the at least one new image or image sequence can be selected from a second number of images or image sequences corresponding to views from the same number of adjacent observation points, this second number being larger than said first number. The at least one new image or image sequence can be generated by means of a renderer or se- lected from image data received by a control unit of the display. The same may apply to one or more of the first number of images or image sequences. For shifting the observation area, the grating can be varied by shifting the whole grating or by shifting only the structure of the grating.
The pixel array of the suggested autostereoscopic display can, for example, be given by a liquid crystal display. The structure of the optical grating is typically given by a family of cylindrical lenses or slits. As it is possible that any of the stripes of the subsets of pixels can be seen not only through one of these lenses or slits but also through one or more adjacent lenses or slits, it shall not be excluded that there are, in addition to said first number of viewing zones, additional zones from which one or the other of the displayed images or image sequences can be seen. Typically, a quality of the images seen from these additional zones is worse compared to an image quality realized in said first number of viewing zones .
Usually, the stripes of the subsets of pixels on the pixel array are equidistant. Correspondingly, the cylindrical lenses or slits are preferably equidistant.
The optical grating of the display can, for being variable, be designed slidable as a whole. As it should be possible to vary the grating as fast as possible it may, however, be advantageous if the structure of the grating is shiftable without moving the whole grating for varying the grating.
It is possible that the grating is electro- mechanically or electronically variable for shifting the observation area.
In some embodiments, a material of the grating is de- formable for varying the grating. This may, in particular, be the case if the structure of the grating
is given by lenses which may effectively be shifted by deforming said material.
In typical embodiments, the grating comprises a liq- uid crystal layer or a refractive layer or a bire- fringent layer, wherein the grating is variable by changing an electronic activation of this layer.
In an advantageous embodiment, the control unit is configured for extrapolating a detected move of the head or eye positions and for receiving or generating image data of at least one image or image sequence out of the second number of images or image sequences presently not represented on any of the subsets of pixels and expected to be used for exchanging at least one of the images or image sequences represented on the pixels of the different subsets in view of the extrapolated move. This helps to compensate for delays caused by the fact that generating and displaying new images takes a certain time.
In particular, the second number does not need to be defined as a fix number as new images or image sequences can be generated by means of a renderer when they are needed.
Examples for embodiments of the invention are explained hereafter referring to Figures 1 to 4.
Fig. 1 shows a top view of an autostereoscopic
display.
Fig. 2 shows a partial view of a pixel array of this display.
Fig. 3 shows, schematically, a top view of a part
of the display and two pairs of eyes of two users in front of the display in a situation corresponding to Fig. 1. Fig. 4 shows a top view of the same part of the display after a move of one of the users.
Fig. 1 shows an autostereoscopic display for simultaneously displaying a plurality of a first number of views. In the present embodiment, this first number is chosen to be six. The display comprises a pixel array 11, which is a liquid crystal display, and an optical grating 12 arranged in front of the pixel array 11.
A part of the pixel array 12 can be seen in Fig. 2. A plurality of pixels 1', 2', 3', 4', 5' and 6' of the pixel array 12 are arranged in lines and columns, columns of red, green and blue pixels 1' to 61 alter- nating in a cyclical sequence. Depending on their colour, the pixels 1' to 6 ' are marked with one of the letters R, G and B. The pixels 1' to 61 are assigned to six different subsets. A first of these subsets is composed of the pixels 1', a second subset of the pixels 21 a third subset of the pixels 31 , a fourth subset of the pixels 4 ' , a fifth subset of the pixels 5', and a sixth subset of the pixels 6' . As can be seen in Fig. 2, each of the subsets forms a family of equidistant parallel stripes, wherein the stripes belonging to the different subsets alternate in a cyclical sequence.
Each of the subsets is unambiguously assigned to one of six viewing zones 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 which are shown in Fig. 1. These viewing zones 21 to 26 form a connected observation area 20 in front of the
display. The optical grating 12 has a structure which is given by a family of equidistant parallel cylindrical lenses or slits aligned with the stripes forming the different subsets of pixels 1' to 61. In Fig. 2, this structure is indicated by dashed lines. Light coming from the pixels 11 , 2', 3', 4 ' , 5' and 6 ' of the different subsets is directed, by the structure of the optical grating 12, into the viewing zone 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 or 26 assigned to the respective sub- set. Thus, an image represented on the pixels l1, 2',
31 , 41 5 ' or 61 of any of the subsets is visible from the viewing zone 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 or 26 assigned to this subset. Thus, six views can simultaneously be displayed by means of the autostereoscopic display such that each of these views can be seen from one of the viewing zones 21 to 26.
The optical grating 12 is variable such that the viewing zones 21 to 26 and the observation area 20 formed by the viewing zones 21 to 26 can be laterally shifted by varying the optical grating 12. To this end, the grating 12 can be slidably mounted or be realized such that the structure of the grating 12 can be shifted without moving the whole grating 12. In one embodiment, the grating 12 can be varied electro- mechanically by deforming a material of the grating 12 and, thus, shifting the lenses forming said structure. In another embodiment, the grating 12 comprises a liquid crystal layer or a refractive layer or a bi- refractive layer and can be varied electronically by changing an electronic activation of this layer such that transparent slits or lenses formed by this layer are shifted.
In addition to the pixel array 11 and the optical grating 12, the display comprises a tracking device
13 and a control unit 14 for activating the pixels 1' to 6' of the pixel array 11 and for varying the structure of the optical grating 12. The tracking device 13 is given by a stereo camera and configured for detecting eye positions of a first user 31 and a second user 32 and any other user. The eye positions can either directly be detected by evaluating pictures taken with the stereo camera or indirectly by detecting head positions of the users
31 and 32 or any other user first and by calculating the eye positions depending on the detected head positions . The control unit 14 is configured for receiving a tracking signal 15 and for receiving or generating image data 16 of a larger number of more than six images or image sequences. These images or image sequences are half images corresponding to views from adjacent observation points, pairs of them complementing each other to stereoscopic images. The tracking signal 15 is generated by the tracking device 13 and represents the detected eye positions. The control unit 14, which is programmed accordingly, selects six images or image sequences out of the larger number of images or image sequences and activates the pixels 1 ' to 6' such that each of these six images or image sequences is reproduced by the pixels 11 , 2', 3', 4', 5' or 6' of one of the subsets. More precisely, images or image sequences reproduced by any pair or subsets comprising adjacent stripes correspond to views from a pair of adjacent observation points and are complementing each other to a stereo- scopic image. In the present embodiment, there are five of said pairs of subsets, namely the pair of the
subsets composed of the pixels 1 ' and 21 , the pair of the subsets composed of the pixels 2' and 3', the pair of the subsets composed of the pixels 31 and 4 ' , the pair of the subsets composed of the pixels 4 ' and 5', and the pair of the subsets composed of the pixels 5 ' and 6 ' .
In the situation shown in Fig. 1, a left eye LI and a right eye Rl of the first user 31 are placed in the two adjacent viewing zones 24 and 25. Thus, this user
31 will see, on the display, a stereoscopic image composed of two of the half images. The same is true for the second user 32 as a left eye L2 and a right eye R2 or the second user 32 are placed in the two adjacent viewing zones 21 and 22. Furthermore, it is clear that the users 31 and 32 will always see a proper stereoscopic image even if they move as long as they keep their eyes Rl and LI or R2 and L2 within the observation area 20.
Due to additional features described here below, the users 31 and 32 can move even beyond lateral boundaries of the observation area 20 as they run in the situation shown in Fig. 1 and still see a stereo- scopic image of the scene displayed on the auto- stereoscopic display. To this end, the control unit 14 is programmed for performing the following steps.
By evaluating the tracking signal 15, the control unit 14 checks whether the head position or the eye positions of any of the users 31 and 32 are moving into a lateral direction towards the boundary of the observation area 20. As an example, it is assumed that this is the case for the second user 32. A move of this user 32 is indicated in Fig. 1 by an arrow.
As soon as the lateral movement of the user 32 to-
wards the boundary of the observation area 20 is detected, the control unit 14 checks whether an eye position of this user 32 can be prevented from leaving the observation area 20 without causing an eye posi- tion of the first user 31 or any other user to leave the observation area 20 by laterally shifting the observation area 20 by an amount of a width of one of the viewing zones 21 to 26 or an integer multiple of this width. If this is the case, as in the situation of Fig. 1, the control unit 14 causes the optical grating 12 to be varied such that the observation area 20 is shifted together with the viewing zones 21 to 26 into said lateral direction by said amount. In the present case, this amount corresponds to the width of one the viewing zones 21 to 26. In Fig. 1, a doted line 20' indicates a position of the observation area 20 after the shifting. The control unit 14 is, furthermore, programmed to simultaneously change an activation of the pixels 1' to 61 by exchanging the images or image sequences reproduced by the pixels l1 to 6 ' of the different subsets such that, from any place in an intersection of the observation area 20 before and after the shifting, the same of these images or image sequences can be seen on the display before and after the shifting and exchanging while, on any subset corresponding to any of the viewing zones 21 to 26 which is shifted beyond the boundary of the observation area 20 as defined before the shifting, a new image or image sequence is reproduced which is not part of the six images or image sequences displayed before the shifting. The new image or image sequence is selected such that the images or image sequences reproduced after the shifting by any pair of subsets comprising adjacent stripes on the pixel array 11 are, again, half images corresponding to views from a pair of adjacent observation points.
For the situation shown in Fig. 1, the images or image sequences are exchanged such that the images or image sequences represented, before the shifting and exchanging, on the subsets composed of the pixels 1' to 5' are, after the shifting and exchanging, represented on the subsets composed of the pixels 2' to 6' . The new image or image sequence, which is selected from the larger number of images coded by the image data 16, is represented on the subset composed by the pixels 11. Together with the image or image sequence represented now be the pixels 2 ' , this new image or images sequence combines to a stereoscopic image which can, after the shifting and exchanging, be seen by the second user 32.
This is illustrated in more detail in Figures 3 and 4. The same features are, again, identified with the same reference signs. The structure of the optical grating 12 is shown here as a family of cylindrical lenses. Fig.3 shows the same situation as Fig. 1. Said larger number of images or image sequences out of which the six images or image sequences are selected is chosen to be ten. Below the pixel array 12, image information of these ten images or image sequences is illustrated and marked with the corresponding numbers 1 to 10. In the situation shown here, only the images or image sequences 3 to 8 are selected out of this larger number of images or image sequences and represented on one of the subsets.
Hereinafter, images sequences are, for simplicity, also referred to as images. More precisely, the image 3 is represented on the subset composed of the pixels 1 ' , the image 4 is represented on the subset composed of the pixels 2', the image 5 is represented on the subset composed of the pixels 31 , the image 6 is rep-
resented on the subset composed of the pixels 4 ' , the image 7 is represented on the subset composed of the pixels 51 , and the image 8 is represented on the subset composed of the pixels 61. The right eye Rl of the first user 31 can see, through the grating 12, the image 7 while the left eye LI of this user 31 can see the image 6. The right eye R2 of the second user 32 can see the image 4, and the left eye L2 of this user 32 can see the image 3. Thus, both users 32 see a stereoscopic image from perspectives depending on their position.
Fig. 4 shows a situation after the move of the second user 32. The structure of the optical grating 12 is now shifted such that the second user 32 can, as before his move and before the grating 12 has been varied, still see the subsets of the pixels 1' and 2'. Due to the shifting of the grating 12, the first user 31 will now see the pixels 5' and 6' instead of the pixels 4' and 5'. Correspondingly, the images 2 to 7 are now selected from the larger number of images instead of the images 3 to 8. Now, the image 2 is represented on the pixels 1', the image 3 on the pixels 2 ' , the image 4 on the pixels 3 ' , the image 5 on the pixels 4', the image 6 on the pixels 5', and the image 7 is represented on the pixels 61. In accordance with his changed position, the second user 32 will now see a changed stereoscopic image composed of the half images 2 and 3 and corresponding to a changed observation point. The first user 31, however, can still see the same stereoscopic image composed of the half images 6 and 7, even though his eyes LI and Rl are now in the viewing zones 25 and 26 and no more in the viewing zones 24 and 25.
The described method for compensating the move of the
user 32 can be realized in two different ways. Either the control unit 14 receives, at any time, the image data 16 of all ten images 1 to 10 and selects the six images to be displayed out of these existing images 1 to 10. In an alternative embodiment, the images to be displayed - e.g. images 3 to 8 or 2 to 7 in the situations shown in Figures 3 and 4 - are generated only when they are actually needed. This can be done by means of a renderer which may be comprised by the control unit 14. In this case, the larger number of images are indirectly defined by the image data 16 and calculated by means of the renderer depending on information contained in the image data 16 and on the tracking signal 15.
Preferably, the control unit 14 is, furthermore, configured for extrapolating any detected move of the head or eye positions and for receiving image data 16 of at least one new image or for generating this new image which is presently not represented on any of the subsets of pixels 1 ' to 6' and expected to be used for exchanging at least one of the images presently represented on the pixels 1' to 61 in view of the extrapolated move. This means that, in the exam- pie illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, the control unit
14 extrapolates the beginning move of the second user 32 towards the boundary of the observation area 20 and predicts that the image 2, which is presently not represented on the pixel array 11, is needed for com- pensating the ongoing move. Then, image information of this image 2 is generated or read out of the image data 16 well in advance such that the control unit 14 is ready to activate the pixels 1' in accordance with the image information of the image 2 when the image information is shifted as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.
Claims
An autostereoscopic display for simultaneously displaying a plurality of more than two views, each of the views being visible from one of a first number of viewing zones (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), these viewing zones (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) forming a connected observation area
(20) in front of the display, the display comprising a pixel array (11) , an optical grating
(12) , a tracking device (13) and a control unit
(14) , wherein the pixel array (11) comprises a number of subsets of pixels (Ι', 2 ' , 3', 4', 5', 6'), this number being equal to the first number and each of the subsets forming a family of parallel stripes and corresponding to one of the viewing zones (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) which is,
thereby, unambiguously assigned to this subset, stripes of the different subsets alternating in a cyclical sequence and each of the stripes comprising a plurality of pixels (1', 2', 3', 4', 5' , 6' ) , wherein the optical grating (12) shows a structure aligned with said parallel stripes for directing light coming from pixels (1', 2', 31 , 41 , 51 , 6 ' ) of each of the subsets into the viewing zone (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) assigned to the respective subset, the optical grating (12) being variable such that the viewing zones (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) and the observation area (20) formed by the viewing zones (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) can be laterally shifted by varying the optical grating (12) , wherein the tracking device (13) is configured for detecting head positions or eye positions of at least two users (31, 32) and for generating a tracking signal (15) depending on the detected head positions or eye positions, and wherein the control unit (14) is configured for receiving the tracking signal (15) and for receiving or generating image data (16) of a second number of images or image sequences corresponding to views from the same number of adjacent observation points, this second number being larger than said first number, the control unit (14) being furthermore configured for varying the grating (12) depending on the tracking signal (15) received from the tracking device
(13) and for activating the pixels (1', 2', 3', 4', 5', 6') depending on the image data (16) and on the tracking signal (15) , the control unit
(14) being programmed for
- selecting, out of the second number of images or image sequences, a number of images or image sequences equal to said first number and activating the pixels (l1, 2', 3', 4', 5', 6') such that each image or image sequence of this first number of images or image sequences is reproduced by the pixels (1', 2', 3', 4', 5', 6') of one of the subsets and that the images or image sequences reproduced by any pair of subsets comprising adjacent stripes correspond to views from a pair of adjacent observation points, - checking, by evaluating the tracking signal (15) , whether the head position or the eye positions of any of the users (31, 32) are moving into a lateral direction towards a boundary of the observation area (20) and, if so, whether an eye position of this user (32) can be prevented from leaving the observation area (20) without causing an eye position of any other of the users (31, 32) to leave the observation area (20) by laterally shifting the observation area (20) by an amount of a width of one viewing zone (21) or an integer multiple of this width, and
- causing, if this is the case, the optical grating (12) to be varied such that the observation area (20) is shifted together with the viewing zones (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) into said lateral direction by said amount and, simultaneously, changing an activation of the pixels (Ι', 2 ' , 3', 4 ' , 5', 6') by exchanging the images or image sequences reproduced by the pixels (1', 2', 3', 4', 5', 6') of the different subsets such that, from any place in an intersection of the observation area (20) before and after the shifting, the same of these images or image sequences can be seen on the display before and after the shifting and exchanging.
The display of claim 1, wherein the structure of the optical grating (12) is given by a family of cylindrical lenses or slits.
The display of any of the claims 1 or 2, wherein the grating (12) is realized by an element and wherein, for varying the grating (12), the structure of the grating (12) is shiftable without moving this element as a whole.
The display of any of the claims 1 to 3 , wherein the grating (12) is electro-mechanically or electronically variable.
The display of any of the claims 1 to 4 , wherein a material of the grating (12) is deformable for varying the grating (12) .
The display of any of the claims 1 to 5 , wherein the grating (12) comprises a liquid crystal layer or a refractive layer or a birefringent layer, the grating (12) being variable by changing an electronic activation of this layer.
The display of any of the claims 1 or 2, wherein the grating (12) is, for being variable, designed slidable as a whole.
The display of any of the claims 1 to 7, wherein the control unit (14) is configured for extrapolating a detected move of the head or eye positions and for receiving or generating image data (16) of at least one image or image sequence out of the second number of images or image sequences presently not represented on any of the subsets of pixels (l1, 2', 31, 4', 5', 6') and expected to be used for exchanging at least one of the images or image sequences represented on the pixels (1', 2', 3·, 4·, 5', 6') of the different subsets in view of the extrapolated move.
A method for displaying stereoscopic images on an autostereoscopic display by simultaneously displaying a plurality of views, each of the views being visible from one of a first number of more than two viewing zones (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), these viewing zones (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) forming a connected observation area (20) in front of the display, the method comprising
- displaying a number of images or image sequences, this number being equal to said first number, on a pixel array (11) of the display such that each image or image sequence of this first number of images or image sequences is reproduced by pixels (Ι', 2', 3', 4', 5', 6') of one of a number of subsets of pixels (l1, 2', 3', 4', 5', 6') of the pixel array (11), the number of subsets being equal to the first number, each of the subsets forming a family of parallel stripes and corresponding to one of the viewing zones (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) which is, thereby, unambiguously assigned to this subset, stripes of different subsets alternating in a cyclical sequence, the images or image sequences being half images corresponding to views from adjacent observation points, pairs of them complementing each other to stereoscopic images, and the images or image sequences reproduced by any pair of subsets comprising adjacent stripes corresponding to views from a pair of adjacent observation points, wherein light coming from pixels (1', 2', 3', 4', 5', 6') of each of the subsets is directed, by a structure of an optical grating (12) of the display aligned with said parallel stripes, into the viewing zone (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) assigned to this subset, the method further comprising
- detecting head positions or eye positions at least two users (31, 32) and generating a tracking signal (15) depending on the detected head positions or eye positions,
- checking, by evaluating the tracking signal (15) , whether the head position or the eye positions of any of the users (31, 32) are moving into a lateral direction towards a boundary of the observation area (20) and, if so, whether an eye position of this user (32) can be prevented from leaving the observation area (20) without causing an eye position of any other of the users (31, 32) to leave the observation area (20) by laterally shifting the observation area (20) by an amount of a width of one viewing zone (21) or an integer multiple of this width, and
- varying, when this is the case, the optical grating (12) such that the observation area (20) is shifted together with the viewing zones (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) into said lateral direction by said amount and, simultaneously, changing an activation of the pixels (l1, 21, 3', 4', 5', 6') such that, from any place in an intersection of the observation area (20) before and after the shifting, the same of the first number of images or image sequences can be seen on the display before and after the shifting while, on any of the subsets corresponding to a viewing zone (21) which is shifted beyond the boundary of the observation area (20) as defined before the shifting, a new image or image sequence is reproduced which is not part of said first number of images or image sequences displayed before the shifting, wherein the images or image sequences reproduced after the shifting by any pair of subsets comprising adjacent stripes are half images corresponding to views from a pair of adjacent observation points.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the grating (12) is varied by shifting the whole grating (12) or the structure of the grating (12) .
11. The method of any of the claims 9 or 10, wherein the first number of images or image sequences and the at least one new image or image sequence are selected from a second number of images or image sequences corresponding to views from the same number of adjacent observation points, this second number being larger than said first number .
12. The method of any of the claims 9 to 11, wherein the new image or image sequence and/or at least
. one of the first number of images or image sequences are generated by means of a renderer or selected from image data (16) received by a control unit (14) of the display.
13. A use of the display of any of the claims 1 to 8 for performing the method of any of the claims 9 to 12.
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| PCT/EP2010/007283 WO2012069072A1 (en) | 2010-11-24 | 2010-11-24 | Autostereoscopic display and method for displaying stereoscopic images |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| PCT/EP2010/007283 WO2012069072A1 (en) | 2010-11-24 | 2010-11-24 | Autostereoscopic display and method for displaying stereoscopic images |
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| CN113376860A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-10 | 南方科技大学 | Stereoscopic display device |
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