WO2012033197A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012033197A1 WO2012033197A1 PCT/JP2011/070607 JP2011070607W WO2012033197A1 WO 2012033197 A1 WO2012033197 A1 WO 2012033197A1 JP 2011070607 W JP2011070607 W JP 2011070607W WO 2012033197 A1 WO2012033197 A1 WO 2012033197A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1266—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest between cold rolling steps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1272—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1294—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a localized treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
- H01F1/18—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets with insulating coating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
- C21D2201/05—Grain orientation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet suitable for an iron core of a transformer and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Patent Document 3 As a technique for reducing the iron loss of grain-oriented electrical steel sheets, there is a technique for introducing a strain into the surface of the ground iron to subdivide the magnetic domains (Patent Document 3). However, since the wound iron core is subjected to strain relief annealing in the manufacturing process, the introduced strain is relaxed during annealing, and the magnetic domain is not sufficiently subdivided.
- Patent Documents 1, 2, 4, 5 There is a technique of forming a groove on the surface of the ground iron as a method to compensate for this defect. Furthermore, there is a technique of forming a groove on the surface of the ground iron and forming a crystal grain boundary extending from the bottom of the groove to the back surface of the ground steel in the plate thickness direction (Patent Document 6).
- the method of forming grooves and grain boundaries is highly effective in improving iron loss.
- productivity is significantly reduced.
- the groove width is set to about 30 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, and further, the formation of crystal grain boundaries, adhesion and annealing of Sn and the like to the groove, addition of strain to the groove, Alternatively, radiation such as laser light or plasma for heat treatment to the grooves is required.
- processing such as adhesion of Sn, addition of distortion, laser light emission, etc. in accordance with a narrow groove. To achieve this, at least the plate passing speed is extremely slow. It is necessary.
- Patent Document 6 includes a method of performing electrolytic etching as a method of forming a groove.
- it is necessary to perform application of a resist, corrosion treatment using an etching solution, removal of the resist, and cleaning. Therefore, the man-hour and the processing time are greatly increased.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet capable of industrially mass-producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a low iron loss and a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a low iron loss.
- the present invention adopts the following means.
- a method of manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet includes a cold rolling step of performing cold rolling while moving a silicon steel sheet containing Si along the plate direction; A first continuous annealing step for causing decarburization and primary recrystallization of; a winding step for winding the silicon steel plate to obtain a steel plate coil; and between the cold rolling step and the winding step, A laser beam is irradiated a plurality of times at predetermined intervals in the sheet passing direction from one end edge to the other end edge of the silicon steel plate in the width direction of the silicon steel plate, and follows the locus of the laser beam.
- the condensing diameter of the beam condensing spot in the plate passing direction is Dl (mm)
- the condensing diameter in the plate width direction is Dc (mm)
- the scanning speed of the laser beam in the plate width direction is Vc (mm / s)
- gas in the groove forming step, gas may be sprayed at a flow rate of 10 L / min or more and 500 L / min or less to a portion of the silicon steel plate that is irradiated with the laser beam. .
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an aspect of the present invention extends along the groove formed from the locus of the laser beam scanned from one end edge to the other end edge in the plate width direction. And a crystal grain boundary penetrating.
- the grain size in the sheet width direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is 10 mm or more and the sheet width or less, and the grain size in the longitudinal direction of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is greater than 0 mm and 10 mm.
- the following crystal grains may be present, and the crystal grains may exist from the groove to the back surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
- a glass film is formed in the groove, and an average characteristic X-ray intensity of Mg other than the groove part on the surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the glass film
- the X-ray intensity ratio Ir of the Mg characteristic X-ray intensity of the groove may be in the range of 0 ⁇ Ir ⁇ 0.9.
- a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet with low iron loss can be obtained by a method that can be industrially mass-produced.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- cold rolling is performed on a silicon steel sheet 1 containing, for example, 2% by mass to 4% by mass of Si.
- This silicon steel plate 1 is produced, for example, through continuous casting of molten steel, hot rolling of a slab obtained by continuous casting, annealing of a hot rolled steel plate obtained by hot rolling, and the like.
- the annealing temperature is about 1100 ° C., for example.
- the thickness of the silicon steel sheet 1 after cold rolling is, for example, about 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm.
- the silicon steel sheet 1 is wound into a coil shape to form a cold rolled coil.
- the coiled silicon steel sheet 1 is unrolled and supplied to the decarburization annealing furnace 3, and the first continuous annealing, so-called decarburization annealing, is performed in the annealing furnace 3.
- the annealing temperature is, for example, 700 ° C. to 900 ° C.
- decarburization and primary recrystallization occur.
- goth-oriented crystal grains having easy magnetization axes aligned in the rolling direction are formed with a certain probability.
- the silicon steel sheet 1 discharged from the decarburization annealing furnace 3 is cooled using the cooling device 4.
- coating 5 to the surface of the silicon steel plate 1 of the annealing separation agent which has MgO as a main component is performed. Then, the silicon steel sheet 1 coated with the annealing separator is wound into a coil shape to form a steel sheet coil 31.
- a groove is formed on the surface of the silicon steel plate 1 using the laser beam irradiation device 2 after the coiled silicon steel plate 1 is unwound and supplied to the decarburization annealing furnace 3.
- a plurality of laser beams are emitted from the one end edge in the plate width direction of the silicon steel plate 1 toward the other end edge at a predetermined light collection power density Ip and a predetermined light collection energy density Up at a predetermined interval in the plate passing direction. Irradiate once. As shown in FIG.
- the laser beam irradiation device 2 is arranged downstream of the cooling device 4 in the sheet passing direction, and the surface of the silicon steel plate 1 between the cooling by the cooling device 4 and the application 5 of the annealing separator. May be irradiated with a laser beam.
- the laser beam irradiation device 2 may be arranged on both the upstream side in the plate passing direction with respect to the annealing furnace 3 and on the downstream side in the plate passing direction with respect to the cooling device 4, and the laser beam may be irradiated on both.
- a laser beam may be irradiated between the annealing furnace 3 and the cooling device 4, or irradiation may be performed in the annealing furnace 3 or the cooling device 4.
- the formation of the groove by the laser beam generates a molten layer described later. Since this molten layer does not disappear by decarburization annealing or the like, the effect can be obtained even if laser irradiation is performed in any step before secondary recrystallization.
- the laser beam is irradiated with a laser beam 9 emitted from a laser device as a light source, and a scanning device 10 has a plate width substantially perpendicular to the L direction, which is the rolling direction of the silicon steel plate 1. This is performed by scanning in the C direction, which is the direction, at a predetermined interval PL.
- an assist gas 25 such as air or an inert gas is blown onto a portion of the silicon steel plate 1 to which the laser beam 9 is irradiated.
- a groove 23 is formed on the surface of the silicon steel plate 1 where the laser beam 9 is irradiated.
- the rolling direction coincides with the sheet passing direction.
- the scanning of the laser beam across the entire width of the silicon steel plate 1 may be performed by one scanning device 10 or may be performed by a plurality of scanning devices 20 as shown in FIG. 3B.
- a plurality of scanning devices 20 are used, only one laser device that is a light source of the laser beam 19 incident on each scanning device 20 may be provided, and one laser device is provided for each scanning device 20. It may be.
- the laser beam emitted from this light source may be divided into the laser beam 19.
- a plurality of scanning devices 20 it is possible to divide the irradiation region into a plurality of parts in the plate width direction, so that the time required for scanning and irradiation per laser beam is shortened. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for high-speed threading equipment.
- the laser beam 9 or 19 is condensed by a lens in the scanning device 10 or 20.
- the shape of the laser beam condensing spot 24 of the laser beam 9 or 19 on the surface of the silicon steel plate 1 is, for example, a diameter in the C direction which is the plate width direction and a rolling direction. It is a circle or an ellipse with a diameter in the L direction of Dl.
- the scanning with the laser beam 9 or 19 is performed at a speed Vc using, for example, a polygon mirror in the scanning device 10 or 20.
- the C direction diameter Dc which is the diameter in the plate width direction
- the L direction diameter Dl which is the diameter in the rolling direction
- a CO 2 laser As the laser device that is a light source, for example, a CO 2 laser can be used.
- a high-power laser generally used for industrial use such as a YAG laser, a semiconductor laser, or a fiber laser may be used.
- the laser to be used may be either a pulse laser or a continuous wave laser as long as the grooves 23 and the crystal grains 26 are stably formed.
- the temperature of the silicon steel plate 1 when performing laser beam irradiation is not particularly limited.
- laser beam irradiation can be performed on the silicon steel sheet 1 at about room temperature.
- the direction in which the laser beam is scanned need not coincide with the C direction which is the plate width direction.
- the angle formed by the scanning direction and the C direction which is the plate width direction is preferably within 45 ° from the viewpoint of work efficiency and the like and from the point of subdividing the magnetic domains into strips that are long in the rolling direction.
- the angle is more preferably within 20 °, and still more preferably within 10 °.
- the instantaneous power density Ip and irradiation energy density Up of the laser beam suitable for forming the groove 23 will be described.
- the peak power density of the laser beam defined by Expression 2 that is, the instantaneous power density Ip, satisfies Expression 4
- the irradiation energy of the laser beam defined by Expression 1 It is preferable that the density Up satisfies the formula 3.
- the irradiated portion is melted and a part thereof is scattered or evaporated. As a result, the groove 23 is formed. Of the melted portion, the portion that has not been scattered or evaporated remains as it is, and solidifies after the irradiation of the laser beam 9 is completed. During this solidification, as shown in FIG. 5, columnar crystals extending long from the bottom of the groove toward the inside of the silicon steel plate and / or crystal grains having a larger particle size than the laser non-irradiated portion, that is, primary recrystallization Thus, crystal grains 26 having a shape different from that of the crystal grains 27 obtained by the above are formed. The crystal grains 26 serve as starting points for crystal grain boundary growth during secondary recrystallization.
- the instantaneous power density Ip When the instantaneous power density Ip is less than 100 kW / mm 2 , it is difficult to sufficiently melt and scatter or evaporate the silicon steel sheet 1. That is, it becomes difficult to form the groove 23. On the other hand, when the instantaneous power density Ip exceeds 2000 kW / mm 2 , most of the molten steel is scattered or evaporated, and the crystal grains 26 are hardly formed. When irradiation energy density Up exceeds 10 J / mm ⁇ 2 >, the part which the silicon steel plate 1 fuse
- the assist gas 25 is sprayed to remove the components scattered or evaporated from the silicon steel plate 1 from the irradiation path of the laser beam 9.
- the laser beam 9 stably reaches the silicon steel plate 1, so that the groove 23 is stably formed.
- the assist gas 25 reattachment of the component to the silicon steel plate 1 can be suppressed.
- the flow rate of the assist gas 25 is preferably 10 L (liter) / min or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 500 L / min.
- the preferable conditions described above are the same when the laser beam irradiation is performed between the decarburization annealing and the finish annealing, and when the laser beam irradiation is performed before and after the decarburization annealing.
- the steel plate coil 31 is transported into the annealing furnace 6 and placed with the central axis of the steel plate coil 31 being substantially vertical. Thereafter, batch annealing of the steel sheet coil 31 is performed by batch processing, so-called finish annealing.
- the maximum temperature reached in this batch annealing is, for example, about 1200 ° C., and the holding time is, for example, about 20 hours.
- the steel sheet coil 31 is taken out from the annealing furnace 6.
- the glass film obtained by the above-described aspect has an X-ray intensity ratio Ir of the characteristic X-ray intensity of Mg in the groove when the average value of the characteristic X-ray intensity of Mg other than the groove on the surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is 1. It is desirable that the range is 0 ⁇ Ir ⁇ 0.9. Within this range, good iron loss characteristics can be obtained.
- the X-ray intensity ratio can be obtained by measuring using an EPMA (Electron Probe MicroAnalyser) or the like.
- the steel sheet coil 31 is unrolled and supplied to the annealing furnace 7, and second continuous annealing, so-called flattening annealing, is performed in the annealing furnace 7.
- second continuous annealing so-called flattening annealing
- the winding and distortion generated during the finish annealing are removed, and the silicon steel plate 1 becomes flat.
- an annealing condition for example, it can be held at a temperature of 700 ° C. to 900 ° C. for 10 seconds to 120 seconds.
- coating 8 is performed on the surface of the silicon steel plate 1.
- the coating 8 a coating capable of ensuring electrical insulation and applying tension that reduces iron loss is applied.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 32 is manufactured through these series of processes. After the film is formed with the coating 8, for example, the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 32 is wound into a coil for convenience of storage and transportation.
- the grain boundaries shown in FIG. 7A were observed. These crystal grain boundaries included crystal grain boundaries 41 formed along the grooves. In the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet manufactured according to the above embodiment except that the laser beam irradiation was omitted, the grain boundaries shown in FIG. 7B were observed.
- FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B are photographs taken by removing the glass film from the surface of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and exposing the ground iron, and then pickling the surface. In these photographs, crystal grains and crystal grain boundaries obtained by secondary recrystallization appear.
- the effect of magnetic domain refinement is obtained by the grooves 23 formed on the surface of the ground iron. Further, the magnetic domain refinement effect is also obtained by the crystal grain boundary 41 penetrating the front and back of the silicon steel plate 1 along the groove 23. These synergistic effects can lower the iron loss.
- the groove 23 is formed by irradiation with a predetermined laser beam, the formation of the crystal grain boundary 41 is extremely easy. That is, it is not necessary to perform alignment or the like based on the position of the groove 23 for forming the crystal grain boundary 41 after the formation of the groove 23. Therefore, it is possible to industrially mass-produce grain-oriented electrical steel sheets without requiring a significant decrease in sheet passing speed.
- Laser beam irradiation can be performed at high speed, and can be focused in a minute space to obtain a high energy density. Therefore, the increase in the time required for processing is small even when compared with the case where the laser beam irradiation is not performed. That is, regardless of the presence or absence of laser beam irradiation, there is almost no need to change the sheet feeding speed in the process of performing decarburization annealing while unwinding the cold rolled coil. Furthermore, since the temperature at which the laser beam is irradiated is not limited, a heat insulation mechanism or the like of the laser irradiation apparatus is unnecessary. Therefore, the configuration of the apparatus can be simplified as compared with the case where processing in the high temperature furnace is required.
- the depth of the groove 23 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less. If the depth of the groove 23 is less than 1 ⁇ m, the magnetic domain may not be sufficiently subdivided. When the depth of the groove 23 exceeds 30 ⁇ m, the amount of the silicon steel plate that is a magnetic material, that is, the ground iron is lowered, and the magnetic flux density is lowered. More preferably, they are 10 micrometers or more and 20 micrometers or less.
- the groove 23 may be formed only on one side of the silicon steel plate, or may be formed on both sides.
- the interval PL between the grooves 23 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 mm or more and 10 mm or less.
- the interval PL is less than 2 mm, the magnetic flux formation is significantly inhibited by the grooves, and it is difficult to form a sufficiently high magnetic flux density necessary for a transformer.
- the interval PL exceeds 10 mm, the effect of improving the magnetic characteristics due to the grooves and grain boundaries is greatly reduced.
- one crystal grain boundary 41 is formed along one groove 23.
- some of the crystal grains 26 are more than the other crystal grains 26 during the secondary recrystallization. May grow relatively quickly.
- a plurality of crystal grains 53 along the groove 23 having a certain width are formed below the groove 23 in the plate thickness direction.
- the grain size Wcl in the rolling direction of the crystal grains 53 may be more than 0 mm, for example, 1 mm or more, but tends to be 10 mm or less.
- the reason why the particle size Wcl tends to be 10 mm or less is that the crystal grains that grow with the highest priority during the secondary recrystallization are the Goth-oriented crystal grains 54, and the growth is hindered by the crystal grains 54.
- a crystal grain boundary 52 exists between adjacent crystal grains 53.
- the grain size Wcc of the crystal grains 53 in the plate width direction tends to be 10 mm or more, for example.
- the crystal grain 53 may exist as one crystal grain in the width direction over the entire plate width, and in that case, the crystal grain boundary 52 may not exist.
- a particle size it can measure with the following method, for example.
- the field of view of 100 mm is observed in the width direction of 300 mm in the rolling direction, and the rolling direction and the thickness direction of the crystal grains are observed visually or by image processing. Measure the dimensions and get the average value.
- the crystal grains 53 extending along the grooves 23 are not necessarily goth-oriented crystal grains. However, since its size is limited, its influence on magnetic properties is extremely small.
- Patent Documents 1 to 9 describe that a groove is formed by laser beam irradiation as in the above-described embodiment, and further, a crystal grain boundary extending along the groove is generated during secondary recrystallization. It has not been. That is, even though it is described that the laser beam is irradiated, the effect obtained in the above embodiment cannot be obtained because the irradiation timing is not appropriate.
- Example No. 3 grooves were formed by laser beam irradiation, and then decarburization annealing was performed to cause primary recrystallization.
- the laser beam was irradiated using a fiber laser. In either case, the power P was 2000 W, and the light condensing shape was as in Example No. 1, no.
- Example No. 1 the L direction diameter Dl is 0.05 mm, and the C direction diameter Dc is 0.4 mm.
- Example No. 3 the L direction diameter Dl is 0.04 mm, and the C direction diameter Dc is 0.04 mm.
- the scanning speed Vc is the same as in Example No. 1 and No. 3 is 10 m / s, Example No. 2 was 50 m / s. Therefore, the instantaneous power density Ip is the same as that of Example No. 1, no. 2 is 127 kW / mm 2 , and Example No. 3 is 1600 kW / mm 2 .
- Irradiation energy density Up was measured in Example No. 1 is 5.1 J / mm 2 , Example No. 2 is 1.0 J / mm 2 , Example No.
- Example No. 3 is 6.4 J / mm 2 .
- the irradiation pitch PL was 4 mm, and air was blown as an assist gas at a flow rate of 15 L / min.
- the width of the formed groove was determined according to Example No. 1, no. 3 is about 0.06 mm, that is, 60 ⁇ m. 2 was 0.05 mm or 50 ⁇ m.
- the depth of the groove is the same as in Example No. 1 is about 0.02 mm, that is, 20 ⁇ m. 2 is 3 ⁇ m, Example No. 3 was 30 ⁇ m.
- the variation in width was within ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, and the variation in depth was within ⁇ 2 ⁇ m.
- Comparative Example No. For another cold rolled coil corresponding to 1, a groove was formed by etching, followed by decarburization annealing to cause primary recrystallization. The shape of this groove is the same as that of Example No. 1 formed by the above laser beam irradiation. The shape of the groove 1 was the same. Comparative Example No. The remaining one cold-rolled coil corresponding to 2 was not formed with a groove, but was subsequently decarburized and annealed to cause primary recrystallization.
- Example No. 1 Example No. 2, Example No. 3, Comparative Example No. 1, Comparative Example No.
- the silicon steel sheet was subjected to application of an annealing separator, finish annealing, planarization annealing, and coating.
- an annealing separator finish annealing
- planarization annealing planarization annealing
- Example No. 1 Example No. 2, Example No. 3, Comparative Example No. 1, Comparative Example No. In both cases, there were secondary recrystallized grains formed by secondary recrystallization.
- the iron loss W 17/50 is an iron loss when the directional electrical steel sheet is AC-excited under the conditions that the maximum magnetic flux density is 1.7 T and the frequency is 50 Hz.
- a grain- oriented electrical steel sheet having a smaller iron loss W 17/50 has a lower energy loss and is suitable for a transformer.
- the average values of magnetic flux density B 8 (T) and iron loss W 17/50 (W / kg) are shown in Table 1 below. Further, the X-ray intensity ratio Ir was measured using EMPA for the above single plate sample. The average values are shown in Table 1 below.
- the first condition a continuous wave fiber laser was used.
- the power P was 2000 W
- the L direction diameter Dl was 0.05 mm
- the C direction diameter Dc was 0.4 mm
- the scanning speed Vc was 5 m / s. Therefore, the instantaneous power density Ip is 127 kW / mm 2 and the irradiation energy density Up is 10.2 J / mm 2 . That is, the scanning speed was halved and the irradiation energy density Up was doubled compared to the conditions of the first experiment. Therefore, the first condition does not satisfy Equation 3. As a result, warpage deformation of the steel plate occurred from the irradiated part. Since the warp angle reached 3 ° to 10 °, it was difficult to wind it in a coil shape.
- a continuous wave fiber laser was also used in the second condition.
- the power P was 2000 W
- the L direction diameter Dl was 0.10 mm
- the C direction diameter Dc was 0.3 mm
- the scanning speed Vc was 10 m / s. Therefore, the instantaneous power density Ip is 85 kW / mm 2 and the irradiation energy density Up is 2.5 J / mm 2 . That is, the instantaneous power density Ip was reduced by changing the L-direction diameter Dl and the C-direction system Dc as compared with the conditions of the first experiment.
- the second condition does not satisfy Equation 4. As a result, it is difficult to form a grain boundary that penetrates.
- a continuous wave fiber laser was also used in the third condition.
- the power P was 2000 W
- the L direction diameter Dl was 0.03 mm
- the C direction diameter Dc was 0.03 mm
- the scanning speed Vc was 10 m / s. Therefore, the instantaneous power density Ip is 2800 kW / mm 2 and the irradiation energy density Up is 8.5 J / mm 2 . That is, the L-direction diameter Dl was made smaller and the instantaneous power density Ip was made larger than the conditions of the first experiment. Therefore, the third condition also does not satisfy Equation 4. As a result, it has been difficult to sufficiently form crystal grain boundaries along the grooves.
- a continuous wave fiber laser was also used in the fourth condition.
- the power P was 2000 W
- the L direction diameter Dl was 0.05 mm
- the C direction diameter Dc was 0.4 mm
- the scanning speed Vc was 60 m / s. Therefore, the instantaneous power density Ip is 127 kW / mm 2 and the irradiation energy density Up is 0.8 J / mm 2 . That is, the scanning speed was increased and the irradiation energy density Up was decreased compared to the conditions of the first experiment.
- the fourth condition does not satisfy Equation 3. As a result, in the fourth condition, it was difficult to form a groove having a depth of 1 ⁇ m or more.
- a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet with low iron loss can be obtained by a method that can be industrially mass-produced.
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Abstract
Description
Up=(4/π)×P/(Dl×Vc)…(式1)
Ip=(4/π)×P/(Dl×Dc)…(式2)
1≦Up≦10(J/mm2)…(式3)
100(kW/mm2)≦Ip≦2000(kW/mm2)…(式4)
Up=(4/π)×P/(Dl×Vc) ・・・(式1)
Ip=(4/π)×P/(Dl×Dc) ・・・(式2)
1≦Up≦10J/mm2 ・・・(式3)
100kW/mm2≦Ip≦2000kW/mm2 ・・・(式4)
ここで、Pはレーザビームの平均強度、すなわちパワー(W)を示し、Dlはレーザビームの集光スポットの圧延方向の径(mm)を示し、Dcはレーザビームの集光スポットの板幅方向の径(mm)を示し、Vcはレーザビームの板幅方向の走査速度(mm/s)を示す。
上述の態様によって得られたグラス皮膜は、方向性電磁鋼板表面の溝部以外のMgの特性X線強度の平均値を1とした場合における溝部のMgの特性X線強度のX線強度比Irが0≦Ir≦0.9の範囲内であることが望ましい。この範囲であれば、良好な鉄損特性が得られる。
上記X線強度比は、EPMA(Electron Probe MicroAnalyser)等を用いて、測定することで得られる。
第1の実験では、方向性電磁鋼用の鋼材の熱間圧延、焼鈍、及び冷間圧延を行い、珪素鋼板の厚さを0.23mmとし、これを巻き取って冷延コイルとした。冷延コイルは5個作製した。続いて、実施例No.1、No.2、No.3にあたる3個の冷延コイルについては、レーザビームの照射による溝の形成を行い、その後に、脱炭焼鈍を行って一次再結晶を生じさせた。レーザビームの照射は、ファイバレーザを使用して行った。いずれもパワーPは2000W、集光形状は、実施例No.1、No.2については、L方向径Dlが0.05mm、C方向径Dcが0.4mmである。実施例No.3については、L方向径Dlが0.04mm、C方向径Dcが0.04mmである。走査速度Vcは、実施例No.1とNo.3が10m/s、実施例No.2が、50m/sとした。従って、瞬時パワー密度Ipは実施例No.1、No.2が127kW/mm2であり、実施例No.3が1600kW/mm2である。照射エネルギー密度Upは、実施例No.1が5.1J/mm2、実施例No.2が1.0J/mm2、実施例No.3が6.4J/mm2である。照射ピッチPLは4mmとし、アシストガスとして空気を15L/分の流量で吹き付けた。この結果、形成された溝の幅は、実施例No.1、No.3が約0.06mmすなわち60μmで、実施例No.2が0.05mmすなわち50μmであった。溝の深さは実施例No.1が約0.02mmすなわち20μmで、実施例No.2が3μm、実施例No.3が30μmであった。幅のばらつきは±5μm以内、深さのばらつきは±2μm以内であった。
第2の実験では、レーザビームの照射条件に関する検証を行った。ここでは、下記の4種の条件でレーザビームの照射を行った。
第3の実験では、アシストガスの流量を10L/分未満とした条件、及びアシストガスを供給しないという条件の2種類の条件でレーザビームの照射を行った。この結果、溝の深さを安定させることが困難であり、溝の幅のばらつきが±10μm以上、深さのばらつきが±5μm以上であった。このため、実施例と比較して磁気特性のばらつきが大きかった。
2 レーザビーム照射装置
3、6、7 焼鈍炉
31 鋼板コイル
32 方向性電磁鋼板
9、19 レーザビーム
10、20 走査装置
23 溝
24 レーザビーム集光スポット
25 アシストガス
26、27、53、54 結晶粒
41、51、52 結晶粒界
Claims (5)
- Siを含む珪素鋼板を通板方向に沿って移動させながら冷間圧延を行う冷間圧延工程と;
前記珪素鋼板の脱炭及び一次再結晶を生じさせる第1の連続焼鈍工程と;
前記珪素鋼板を巻き取って鋼板コイルを得る巻き取り工程と;
前記冷間圧延工程から前記巻き取り工程にかけての間に、前記珪素鋼板の表面に対して、前記珪素鋼板の板幅方向の一端縁から他端縁にかけてレーザビームを前記通板方向で所定の間隔をあけて複数回照射して、前記レーザビームの軌跡に沿う溝を形成する溝形成工程と;
前記鋼板コイルに二次再結晶を生じさせるバッチ焼鈍工程と;
前記鋼板コイルを巻き解いて平坦化する第2の連続焼鈍工程と;
前記珪素鋼板の表面に張力と電気的絶縁性を付与する連続コーティング工程と;
を有し、
前記バッチ焼鈍工程で、前記溝に沿って前記珪素鋼板の表裏を貫通する結晶粒界を生じさせ、
前記レーザビームの平均強度をP(W)、前記レーザビームの集光スポットの前記通板方向の集光径をDl(mm)、前記板幅方向の集光径をDc(mm)、前記レーザビームの前記板幅方向の走査速度をVc(mm/s)、前記レーザビームの照射エネルギー密度Upを下記式1、前記レーザビームの瞬時パワー密度Ipを下記式2としたとき、下記の式3及び式4を満たす
ことを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
Up=(4/π)×P/(Dl×Vc)…(式1)
Ip=(4/π)×P/(Dl×Dc)…(式2)
1≦Up≦10(J/mm2)…(式3)
100(kW/mm2)≦Ip≦2000(kW/mm2)…(式4) - 前記溝形成工程で、前記珪素鋼板の、前記レーザビームが照射される部分に10L/分以上500L/分以下の流量でガスを吹き付けることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 板幅方向の一端縁から他端縁にかけて走査されたレーザビームの軌跡より形成された溝と、
前記溝に沿って延在し、表裏を貫通する結晶粒界と、
を有することを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板。 - 前記方向性電磁鋼板の前記板幅方向における粒径が10mm以上板幅以下でかつ、前記方向性電磁鋼板の長手方向における粒径が0mm超10mm以下である結晶粒を有し、前記結晶粒が、前記溝から前記方向性電磁鋼板の裏面に渡って存在することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
- 前記溝にグラス皮膜が形成され、前記グラス皮膜の前記方向性電磁鋼板表面の前記溝部以外のMgの特性X線強度の平均値を1とした場合における前記溝部のMgの特性X線強度のX線強度比Irが、0≦Ir≦0.9の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項3または4に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
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Also Published As
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BR112013005335A2 (pt) | 2016-08-30 |
BR112013005335B1 (pt) | 2018-10-23 |
TW201224158A (en) | 2012-06-16 |
US20130139932A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
CN104099458A (zh) | 2014-10-15 |
JPWO2012033197A1 (ja) | 2014-01-20 |
CN103097557B (zh) | 2014-07-09 |
CN103097557A (zh) | 2013-05-08 |
EP2615184B1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
EP2615184A1 (en) | 2013-07-17 |
JP2013036121A (ja) | 2013-02-21 |
EP2615184A4 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
TWI417394B (zh) | 2013-12-01 |
JP5477438B2 (ja) | 2014-04-23 |
KR101345469B1 (ko) | 2013-12-27 |
CN104099458B (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
RU2509813C1 (ru) | 2014-03-20 |
US8657968B2 (en) | 2014-02-25 |
JP5158285B2 (ja) | 2013-03-06 |
KR20130043232A (ko) | 2013-04-29 |
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