WO2012028022A1 - 一种直播内容分发方法和*** - Google Patents

一种直播内容分发方法和*** Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012028022A1
WO2012028022A1 PCT/CN2011/076316 CN2011076316W WO2012028022A1 WO 2012028022 A1 WO2012028022 A1 WO 2012028022A1 CN 2011076316 W CN2011076316 W CN 2011076316W WO 2012028022 A1 WO2012028022 A1 WO 2012028022A1
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Prior art keywords
stream
node
edge node
server
central node
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PCT/CN2011/076316
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李竹平
戴志军
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2012028022A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012028022A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/21Server components or server architectures
    • H04N21/218Source of audio or video content, e.g. local disk arrays
    • H04N21/2187Live feed
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/61Network physical structure; Signal processing
    • H04N21/6106Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the downstream path of the transmission network
    • H04N21/6125Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the downstream path of the transmission network involving transmission via Internet
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/643Communication protocols
    • H04N21/64322IP

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of network multimedia technologies, and in particular, to a live content distribution method, a system, and an edge node.
  • HLS Hypertext Transfer Protocol
  • HLS draft draft-pantos-http-live-streaming
  • HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol
  • the server component is responsible for encapsulating the input media stream into a format suitable for transmission for transmission;
  • the distributor component is composed of a standard Web server (Web Server), and is responsible for receiving client requests and transmitting the encapsulated media and related resources to the client;
  • the client software is responsible for selecting media, downloading media resources, integrating media resources, and presenting them to users in a continuous media stream.
  • the format suitable for transmission as described above is a multimedia playlist file identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).
  • URI Uniform Resource Identifier
  • the HLS draft extends the definition of the M3U8 playlist file based on the M3U playlist format, referred to as the M3U8 index, where the order includes the media URI and the information tag, and each media URI points to a media file, which is a segment of a single continuous media stream.
  • the continuous media stream conforms to the MPEG-2 Transport Stream or MPEG-2 audio elementary stream [IS0 13818] standard, referred to as a Transport Stream (TS) code stream, and the media file is referred to as a TS segment.
  • TS Transport Stream
  • the client software When playing the media stream, the client software first obtains the M3U8 index, and then acquires and plays each TS segment in the M3U8 index. The client software obtains the new TS segment by reloading the M3U8 index.
  • HLS realizes the transmission of media streams through HTTP download. There is no media timeline restriction when media transmission, and it can fully utilize network bandwidth and resist network instability.
  • HLS uses standard Web. The server is convenient for operators to deploy media services on the live network.
  • HLS uses HTTP and is easy to traverse the firewall of the Internet Service Provider (ISP). The network adaptability is strong. With the above advantages, HLS has gradually revealed the trend of surpassing the Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) in the field of network multimedia.
  • RTSP Real-Time Streaming Protocol
  • HLS encoders encode video signals into M3U8 indexes and TS segments, and push them to the web of the node.
  • the server thus implements a single node service.
  • Large-scale commercial requirements require a multi-node networking architecture, which is generally divided into a multi-level hierarchical structure of central nodes and n-level edge nodes, or each node may be in a parallel relationship.
  • the parallel structure is equivalent to deploying multiple of the above single nodes, and the video signal needs to be connected to each node, thereby increasing the complexity of content management, and setting the encoders at each node significantly increases the equipment investment and cannot be accepted by the operator.
  • the M3U8 index and the TS segment file are relayed between the nodes at each level.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a live content distribution method, system, and edge node to solve the problem that the prior art cannot adapt to a large-scale commercial media stream distribution scenario.
  • the present invention provides a live content distribution system, the system comprising: a central node and at least one edge node, the edge node directly connected to the central node, or through one or more edge nodes The central node is connected, wherein: the central node is connected to a live broadcast source, and the central node is configured to: obtain a transport stream (TS) stream, and send the TS stream to the edge node; : Encapsulating and storing the TS stream obtained from the central node, and accepting a request from the edge node client to provide a live broadcast service.
  • TS transport stream
  • the central node is further configured to: encapsulate and store the TS stream, and accept a request for providing a live broadcast service by the central node client.
  • the central node includes: a central node streaming media server, a central node hypertext transfer protocol live stream (HLS) server, and a central node web page (Web) server, wherein: the central node streaming media server is configured to: Obtaining the TS stream, processing the TS stream, and adding additional information, forwarding the TS stream and additional information to the central node HLS server and an edge node;
  • the central node HLS server is configured to: encapsulate the TS stream and store the encapsulated media and related resources; the central node web server is configured to: accept the request of the central node client, and save
  • the edge node includes: an edge node streaming media server, an edge node HLS server, and an edge node WEB server, where: the edge node streaming media server is configured to: relay the TS stream from the central node streaming server And the additional information, forwarding the TS stream and the additional information to the edge node HLS server; the edge node HLS server is configured to: encapsulate the TS stream and store the encapsulated media and related resources;
  • the node WEB server is set to: accept the request of the edge node client,
  • the encapsulating comprises encapsulating the TS stream into an M3U8 index and a TS segment.
  • the present invention further provides a live content distribution method, the method comprising: a central node acquiring a transport stream (TS) stream, transmitting the TS stream to an edge node; and the edge node encapsulating and storing the slave node
  • the TS stream obtained by the central node accepts a request from the edge node client to provide a live broadcast service.
  • the method further includes: the central node encapsulating and storing the TS stream, and accepting a request from the central node client to provide a live broadcast service.
  • the central node acquiring the TS stream, and sending the TS stream to the edge node includes: the central node streaming media server acquiring the TS stream, processing the TS stream, and adding additional information, Forwarding the TS stream and the additional information to the edge node; the central node encapsulating and storing the TS stream, and receiving the request of the central node client to provide a live broadcast service includes: the central node hypertext transfer protocol broadcast a flow (HLS) server processes the TS stream and adds additional information, forwards the TS stream and additional information to a central node HLS server; and the central node HLS server encapsulates and stores the TS stream The media and related resources; the central node web page (Web) server receives the request of the central node client, and sends the stored encapsulated media and related resources to the central node client.
  • HLS hypertext transfer protocol broadcast
  • a flow (HLS) server processes the TS stream and adds additional information, forwards the TS stream and additional information to a
  • the edge node encapsulates and stores the TS stream obtained from the central node, and accepts the request of the edge node client to provide a live broadcast service, including: the edge node streaming media server streams the media server from the central node Relaying the TS stream and additional information, forwarding the TS stream and additional information to the edge node HLS server; the edge node HLS server encapsulates the TS stream and stores the encapsulated media and related resources; and the edge node WEB server accepts The edge node client sends the stored media and related resources to the edge node client.
  • the encapsulating comprises encapsulating the TS stream into an M3U8 index and a TS segment.
  • the present invention provides a live content distribution edge node, where the edge node is directly connected to the central node, or is connected to the central node through one or more edge nodes, and the edge node is set to : Receiving a transport stream (TS) stream obtained from the live broadcast source sent by the central node to the edge node; and encapsulating and storing the TS stream obtained from the central node, and accepting a live broadcast service provided by the edge node client Request.
  • TS transport stream
  • the edge node includes: an edge node streaming media server, an edge node HLS server, and an edge node WEB server, where: the edge node streaming media server is configured to: relay the TS stream and additional information from the central node streaming server, Forwarding the TS stream and the additional information to the edge node HLS server; the edge node HLS server is configured to: encapsulate the TS stream and store the encapsulated media and related resources; and set the edge node WEB server To: accept the request of the edge node client, will
  • the encapsulating includes encapsulating the TS stream into an M3U8 index and a TS segment.
  • the live content distribution method, system and edge node proposed by the invention solve the distribution of live content in the case of large-scale application of HLS, can effectively reduce the live broadcast delay, reduce the investment of the operator hardware equipment, and facilitate the operator in the existing streaming media platform. Based on the HLS business.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a flow of a HLS code stream distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for distributing a live content.
  • the method includes: distributing a live content using a multi-level hierarchical structure, and a live broadcast encoder of the central node encodes and outputs a TS stream, and the TS stream is transmitted from the central node to the edge through a relay.
  • the node, the central node and the edge node both set the segmenter component, the segmenter component is encapsulated (encapsulated into M3U8 index and TS segment in HTTP Live Streaming) and stores the TS stream, and is pushed to the local node web server for transmission. Finally, the local web server provides the live broadcast service to the client.
  • the live content distribution system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1 , and the system uses a multi-layer hierarchical network architecture.
  • the system includes a central node and at least one edge node, and the edge node may be directly connected to the central node, or connected to the central node through one or more edge nodes, and the live broadcast source accesses the central node, and the streaming node platform is deployed on the central node and the edge node.
  • the streaming media platform includes a streaming media management configuration client (not shown in FIG. 1), a streaming media server, an HLS server, and a web server.
  • the HLS server and web server may also not be configured at the central node.
  • the specific functions of the modules of the central node are as follows:
  • the central node streaming media server obtains the TS stream, wherein the live broadcast encoder can be set at the central node, the live broadcast source is connected to the live broadcast encoder, and the live broadcast encoder encodes the output TS stream to the central node streaming media.
  • the server; the live broadcast encoder can also be independent of the central node, and the live encoder output TS stream to the central node streaming server; the central node streaming server processes the TS stream and adds additional information to forward the TS stream and additional information to the node.
  • the HLS server and transmitting the TS stream and the additional information to the edge node; the processing may include, but is not limited to: adding descrambling, I frame parsing, and program clock reference (PCR) parsing;
  • the HLS server encapsulates the TS stream and stores the encapsulated media and related resources; the storage medium is a storage space shared by the node; wherein, in the HLS, the TS stream is encapsulated into an M3U8 index and a TS segment and stored in real time;
  • the TS stream can be encapsulated into a corresponding format, such as in HTTP Streaming ( Said DASH), the package can be defined according to 3GPP TS26.244 media segment configuration (Media Segment Profile, MDP, i.e.
  • central node Web server accepts the request from the central node to provide a live customer service side, with Physically, the client node request is received by the center node, and the stored encapsulated media and related resources are sent to the client.
  • the central node web server refers to sending M3U8 indexes and TS segments to the client.
  • the functions of each module of the edge node are as follows:
  • the edge node streaming server is configured to: relay the TS stream and additional information from the central node streaming server; forward the relayed TS stream and additional information to the edge node HLS server; and the edge node HLS server encapsulates the relayed TS stream And storing the encapsulated media and related resources;
  • the specific encapsulation method is the same as the central node HLS server, and the storage medium is a storage space shared by the node;
  • the edge node web server accepts the request of the edge node client to provide the HLS live broadcast service. Specifically, the edge node web server accepts the edge node client request, and sends the stored encapsulated media and related resources to the client.
  • the embodiment further provides a live content distribution edge node, where the edge node is directly connected to the central node, or is connected to the central node by one or more edge nodes, and the edge node is set as: Transmitting a transport stream (TS) stream obtained from a live broadcast source to the edge node; and encapsulating and storing the TS stream obtained from the central node, and accepting a request for providing a live broadcast service by the edge node client .
  • TS transport stream
  • the edge node includes: an edge node streaming media server, an edge node HLS server, and an edge node WEB server, where: the edge node streaming media server is configured to: relay the TS stream and additional information from the central node streaming server, Forwarding the TS stream and the additional information to the edge node HLS server; the edge node HLS server is configured to: encapsulate the TS stream and store the encapsulated media and related resources;
  • the edge node WEB server is set to: accept the request of the edge node client,
  • the encapsulating includes encapsulating the TS stream into an M3U8 index and a TS segment.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a live content distribution method, including: a central node acquiring a TS stream, and sending the TS stream to an edge node; the central node further encapsulating and storing the TS stream, and accepting the HLS provided by the central node client a request for a live broadcast service; and the edge node encapsulates and stores the TS stream obtained from the central node, and accepts a request from the edge node client to provide an HLS live broadcast service.
  • the central node acquires the TS stream, and the step of transmitting the TS stream to the edge node, the central node streaming media server acquires the TS stream, processes the TS stream, and adds additional information, and the TS is Flow and additional information are forwarded to the edge node and the central node HLS server; wherein the central node further encapsulates and stores the TS stream, the central node
  • the HLS server encapsulates the TS stream and stores the encapsulated media and related resources; in the step that the central node accepts the request of the central node client to provide the HLS live broadcast service, the central node web server accepts the request of the central node client, and The stored encapsulated media and related resources are sent to the client.
  • the edge node streaming media server relays the TS stream and additional information from the central node streaming media server, and the TS stream is And the additional information is forwarded to the edge node HLS server; and the edge node HLS server encapsulates the TS stream and stores the encapsulated media and related resources; and the edge node accepts the request of the edge node client to provide the HLS live broadcast service,
  • the edge node WEB server receives the request from the edge node client, and sends the encapsulated media and related resources to the client.
  • the encapsulating comprises encapsulating the TS stream into an M3U8 index and a TS segment.
  • the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
  • the audio and video input access center node live encoder is encoded, and the TS stream output by the live encoder is sent to the central node streaming server.
  • the central node streaming media server parses the video I frame, and encapsulates the TS packet into an RTP packet.
  • the timestamp of the RTP packet is based on the PCR conversion of the TS packet, and the RTP packet carries the extension header to indicate whether the I frame and other processing information.
  • the central node streaming server forwards the TS stream (TS over RTP stream) packaged into RTP to the local node HLS server.
  • the central node HLS server cuts the TS stream into a TS segment and an M3U8 index conforming to the HLS draft, and stores it on the shared storage device of the node.
  • the central node streaming media server receives the RTSP (Real Time Transport Stream Protocol) request of the edge node streaming media server, and establishes a relay connection according to the RTSP standard process, wherein the control protocol of the relay connection uses RTSP, and the transmission protocol is used. RTP.
  • the central node streaming server forwards the TS stream packaged into RTP to the edge node streaming server.
  • the edge node streaming media server forwards the received TS stream directly to the edge node HLS server, and the subsequent process is the same as the central node HLS process.
  • the edge node web server reads the TS segment and the M3U8 index from the edge edge shared storage device and returns the result to the client, and the client presents the live program to the client. user.
  • the above embodiment is described by HTTP Live Streaming live content distribution, and the present invention is also applicable to live streaming content distribution of HTTP Streaming (or DASH).
  • the live content distribution method and system proposed by the invention solves the distribution of live content in the case of large-scale application of HLS, can effectively reduce the live broadcast delay, reduce the investment of the operator hardware equipment, and facilitate the operator to develop on the basis of the existing streaming media platform. HLS business.
  • the specific embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of individual examples of the present invention, and HTTP Live Streaming implemented using the design concept of the present invention and any equivalent transformation thereof.
  • the distribution of live content should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • each module unit in the foregoing embodiment may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may be implemented in the form of a software function module. The invention is not limited to any specific form of combination of hardware and software.
  • the present invention solves the distribution of live content in the case of large-scale application of HLS, can effectively reduce the live broadcast delay, reduce the investment of hardware equipment of operators, and facilitate operators to carry out HLS services based on the existing streaming media platform.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种直播内容分发***、方法以及边缘节点,其中,所述***包括:中心节点和至少一个边缘节点,所述边缘节点直接与所述中心节点相连,或者通过一个或多个边缘节点与所述中心节点相连,其中:所述中心节点与直播源相连,所述中心节点设置为:获取传输流(TS)流,将所述TS流发送至所述边缘节点;所述边缘节点设置为:封装并存储从所述中心节点获取的所述TS流,以及接受本边缘节点客户端的提供直播服务的请求。本发明能有效降低直播时延,并降低运营商硬件设备投资。

Description

一种直播内容分发方法和***
技术领域 本发明涉及网络多媒体技术领域, 具体涉及一种直播内容分发方法、 系 统和边缘节点。
背景技术
因特网工程任务组织 (Internet Engineering Task Force, 简称 IETF ) 于 2009年 5月提出超文本传输协议直播流(HTTP Live Streaming, 简称 HLS ) 草案 draft-pantos-http-live-streaming (简称 HLS草案) , 并于 2010年 6月最 新更新, HLS是一种基于超文本传输协议(HyperText Transfer Protocol, 简 称 HTTP ) /1.1的网络流媒体应用层协议。 根据 HLS草案定义, HLS 由服务器组件、 分发器组件、 以及客户端软 件三部分构成。 服务器组件负责将输入媒体流封装为适合传输的格式以备传 输; 分发器组件由标准的 Web服务器( Web Server )构成, 负责接收客户端 请求并把封装后的媒体及相关资源传输给客户端;客户端软件负责选择媒体, 下载媒体资源, 整合媒体资源, 并以连续媒体流的方式呈现给用户。 上文所述适合传输的格式,是一个用通用资源标识符( Uniform Resource Identifier, 简称 URI )标识的多媒体播放列表文件。 HLS草案在 M3U播放列 表格式基础上扩展定义了 M3U8播放列表文件, 简称 M3U8索引, 其中顺序 包含媒体 URI和信息标签,每个媒体 URI指向一个媒体文件,该媒体文件是 单个连续媒体流的分段, 连续媒体流符合 MPEG-2 Transport Stream 或者 MPEG-2 audio elementary stream [IS0 13818]标准, 简称传输流(Transport Stream, TS )码流, 媒体文件简称 TS分段。 播放媒体流时, 客户端软件首 先获取 M3U8索引, 然后获取并播放 M3U8索引中的各个 TS分段。 客户端 软件通过重载 M3U8索引获取新的 TS分段。
HLS通过 HTTP下载实现媒体流的传输, 媒体传输时没有媒体时间线限 制, 能够充分利用网络带宽, 抗网络不稳定性能力强; HLS 釆用标准 Web 服务器便于运营商在现网部署媒体服务; HLS釆用 HTTP, 易于穿越 Internet 服务提供者( Internet Services Provider, 简称 ISP )的防火墙, 网络适应性强。 HLS凭借上述优势,在网络多媒体领域逐渐显露超越实时流协议 (Real-Time Streaming Protocol, 简称 RTSP)的趋势。 HLS的大规模商用面临媒体流的分发问题。 关于 HLS媒体流的分发, 业界现有解决方案是针对单节点的, 视频信号接入至商用 HLS编码器, HLS 编码器将视频信号编码封装成 M3U8索引和 TS分段, 推送给本节点的 Web 服务器从而实现单节点服务。 大规模商用要求釆用多个节点的组网架构, 一 般分为中心节点和 n级边缘节点的多级分层结构, 也可能各个节点是并列的 关系。 釆用并列结构相当于部署多个上述单节点, 视频信号需要接入各个节 点, 从而增加了内容管理的复杂度, 而且各节点设置编码器显著增加了设备 投资, 不能为运营商所接受。 釆用多级分层结构的情况下, 在各级节点间中 继 M3U8索引和 TS分段文件, 一方面由于分发涉及多个文件难以保持各节 点内容的一致性, 另一方面增加下级节点的时延。 因此, 上述两种方式都不 能很好的解决 HLS大规模商用的媒体流分发问题。
发明内容 本发明的目的是提供一种直播内容分发方法、 ***和边缘节点, 以解决 现有技术无法适应大规模商用的媒体流分发场景的问题。 为了解决上述问题, 本发明提供了一种直播内容分发***, 所述***包 括: 中心节点和至少一个边缘节点,所述边缘节点直接与所述中心节点相连, 或者通过一个或多个边缘节点与所述中心节点相连, 其中: 所述中心节点与直播源相连, 所述中心节点设置为: 获取传输流(TS ) 流, 将所述 TS流发送至所述边缘节点; 所述边缘节点设置为: 封装并存储从所述中心节点获取的所述 TS 流, 以及接受本边缘节点客户端的提供直播服务的请求。 上述***中, 所述中心节点还设置为: 封装并存储所述 TS 流, 以及接 受本中心节点客户端的提供直播服务的请求。 上述***中, 所述中心节点包括: 中心节点流媒体服务器、 中心节点超文本传输协议 直播流(HLS )服务器、 以及中心节点网页 (Web )服务器, 其中: 所述中心节点流媒体服务器设置为: 获取所述 TS流, 将所述 TS流进行 处理并添加附加信息, 将所述 TS流及附加信息转发给所述中心节点 HLS服 务器和边缘节点;
所述中心节点 HLS服务器设置为: 将所述 TS流进行封装并存储封装后 的媒体及相关资源; 所述中心节点 Web服务器设置为: 接受本中心节点客户端的请求,将存
上述***中,所述边缘节点包括:边缘节点流媒体服务器、边缘节点 HLS 服务器和边缘节点 WEB服务器, 其中: 所述边缘节点流媒体服务器设置为: 从中心节点流媒体服务器中继所述 TS流和附加信息,将所述 TS流及附加信息转发给所述边缘节点 HLS服务器; 所述边缘节点 HLS服务器设置为: 将所述 TS流进行封装并存储封装后 的媒体及相关资源; 所述边缘节点 WEB服务器设置为: 接受本边缘节点客户端的请求, 将
上述***中, 所述封装包括将所述 TS流封装成 M3U8索引和 TS分段。 为了解决上述问题, 本发明还提供了一种直播内容分发方法, 该方法包 括: 中心节点获取传输流(TS ) 流, 将所述 TS流发送至边缘节点; 以及 所述边缘节点封装并存储从所述中心节点获取的所述 TS流, 接受本边 缘节点客户端的提供直播服务的请求。 所述方法还包括: 所述中心节点封装并存储所述 TS 流, 以及接受本中 心节点客户端的提供直播服务的请求。 上述方法中, 所述中心节点获取 TS流,将所述 TS流发送至所述边缘节点的步骤包括: 中心节点流媒体服务器获取所述 TS流,将所述 TS流进行处理并添加附 加信息, 将所述 TS流及附加信息转发给所述边缘节点; 所述中心节点封装并存储所述 TS 流, 以及接受本中心节点客户端的提 供直播服务的请求的步骤包括: 中心节点超文本传输协议直播流(HLS )服务器将所述 TS 流进行处理 并添加附加信息, 将所述 TS流及附加信息转发给中心节点 HLS服务器; 以 及 所述中心节点 HLS服务器将所述 TS流进行封装并存储封装后的媒体及 相关资源; 中心节点网页 (Web )服务器接受本中心节点客户端的请求, 将存储的 所述封装后的媒体及相关资源发送给所述本中心节点客户端。 上述方法中, 所述边缘节点封装并存储从所述中心节点获取的所述 TS流, 并接受本 边缘节点客户端的提供直播服务的请求的步骤包括: 边缘节点流媒体服务器从中心节点流媒体服务器中继 TS流和附加信息, 将所述 TS流及附加信息转发给边缘节点 HLS服务器; 边缘节点 HLS服务器将所述 TS流进行封装并存储封装后的媒体及相关 资源; 以及 边缘节点 WEB服务器接受本边缘节点客户端的请求, 将存储的所述封 装后的媒体及相关资源发送给本边缘节点客户端。 上述方法中, 所述封装包括将所述 TS流封装成 M3U8索引和 TS分段。 为了解决上述问题, 本发明提供了一种直播内容分发边缘节点, 所述边 缘节点直接与所述中心节点相连, 或者通过一个或多个边缘节点与所述中心 节点相连, 所述边缘节点设置为: 接收所述中心节点向所述边缘节点发送的从直播源获取的传输流( TS ) 流; 以及 封装并存储从所述中心节点获取的所述 TS流, 以及接受本边缘节点客 户端的提供直播服务的请求。 所述边缘节点包括: 边缘节点流媒体服务器、边缘节点 HLS服务器和边 缘节点 WEB服务器, 其中: 所述边缘节点流媒体服务器设置为: 从中心节点流媒体服务器中继所述 TS流和附加信息,将所述 TS流及附加信息转发给所述边缘节点 HLS服务器; 所述边缘节点 HLS服务器设置为: 将所述 TS流进行封装并存储封装后 的媒体及相关资源; 所述边缘节点 WEB服务器设置为: 接受本边缘节点客户端的请求, 将
所述封装包括将所述 TS流封装成 M3U8索引和 TS分段。
本发明提出的直播内容分发方法、 ***和边缘节点,解决了 HLS大规模 应用情况下直播内容的分发, 能有效降低直播时延, 降低运营商硬件设备投 资, 便于运营商在现有流媒体平台基础上开展 HLS业务。
附图概述 图 1 是本发明实施例的应用场景示意图; 图 2 是本发明实施例 HLS码流分发流程示意图; 图 3 是本发明实施例 HLS客户端请求处理流程示意图。
本发明的较佳实施方式 为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚明白, 下文中将结合附图 对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。 需要说明的是, 在不冲突的情况下, 本申 请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。 本发明实施例提供一种直播内容分发方法, 该方法包括: 直播内容的分 发釆用多级分层结构, 中心节点的直播编码器编码输出 TS流, TS流通过中 继从中心节点传输到边缘节点, 中心节点和边缘节点均设置分段器组件, 分 段器组件封装(在 HTTP Live Streaming中封装成 M3U8索引和 TS分段 )并 存储 TS流,并推送给本节点 Web服务器以备传输, 最后由本节点 Web服务 器向客户端提供直播服务。 本发明实施例提供的直播内容分发***如图 1所示, 该***釆用多层分 级的网络架构。 该***包括中心节点和至少一个边缘节点, 边缘节点可以直 接与中心节点相连, 或者通过一个或多个边缘节点与中心节点相连, 直播源 接入中心节点, 中心节点与边缘节点上部署流媒体平台, 流媒体平台包括流 媒体管理配置客户端(图 1中未示出) 、 流媒体服务器、 HLS服务器和 Web 服务器。 中心节点处也可以不配置 HLS服务器和 Web服务器。 其中, 中心节点各模块具体功能如下: 中心节点流媒体服务器获取 TS流, 其中, 可以在中心节点设置直播编 码器, 直播源接入直播编码器, 直播编码器编码输出 TS流至中心节点流媒 体服务器; 直播编码器也可独立于中心节点, 直播编码器输出 TS 流至中心 节点流媒体服务器; 中心节点流媒体服务器对 TS流进行处理并添加附加信息,将 TS流及附 加信息转发给本节点 HLS服务器, 以及, 将所述 TS流及附加信息发送给边 缘节点; 所述处理可包括但不限于: 加解扰、 I 帧解析、 以及节目时钟参考 (program clock reference , PCR)解析; 中心节点 HLS服务器将 TS流进行封装,存储封装后的媒体及相关资源; 存储介质为节点共享的存储空间; 其中, 在 HLS中, TS流被封装成 M3U8 索引和 TS分段并实时存储; 在其他应用环境中, TS流可以封装成相应的格 式, 比如在 HTTP Streaming (也称 DASH ) 中 , 可按照 3GPP TS26.244定义 的媒体分段配置 (Media Segment Profile, MDP, 即 3gm9 )格式进行封装; 中心节点 Web服务器接受本中心节点客户端的提供直播服务的请求,具 体地, 接受本中心节点客户端请求, 将存储的所述封装后的媒体及相关资源 发送给客户端。 在 HLS中, 中心节点 Web服务器是指将 M3U8索引和 TS 分段发送给客户端。 其中, 边缘节点各模块功能如下:
边缘节点流媒体服务器设置为: 从中心节点流媒体服务器中继 TS 流及 附加信息; 把中继的 TS流及附加信息转发给边缘节点 HLS服务器; 边缘节点 HLS服务器把中继的 TS流进行封装并存储封装后的媒体及相 关资源; 具体封装方法同中心节点 HLS服务器,存储介质为节点共享的存储 空间; 边缘节点 Web服务器接受本边缘节点客户端的提供 HLS直播服务的请 求。 具体地, 边缘节点 Web服务器接受本边缘节点客户端请求, 将存储的所 述封装后的媒体及相关资源发送给客户端。
本实施例还提供了一种直播内容分发边缘节点, 所述边缘节点直接与所 述中心节点相连, 或者通过一个或多个边缘节点与所述中心节点相连, 所述 边缘节点设置为: 接收所述中心节点向所述边缘节点发送的从直播源获取的传输流 ( TS ) 流; 以及 封装并存储从所述中心节点获取的所述 TS流, 以及接受本边缘节点客 户端的提供直播服务的请求。 所述边缘节点包括: 边缘节点流媒体服务器、边缘节点 HLS服务器和边 缘节点 WEB服务器, 其中: 所述边缘节点流媒体服务器设置为: 从中心节点流媒体服务器中继所述 TS流和附加信息,将所述 TS流及附加信息转发给所述边缘节点 HLS服务器; 所述边缘节点 HLS服务器设置为: 将所述 TS流进行封装并存储封装后 的媒体及相关资源; 所述边缘节点 WEB服务器设置为: 接受本边缘节点客户端的请求, 将
上述边缘节点中, 所述封装包括将所述 TS流封装成 M3U8索引和 TS 分段。
本发明实施例提供一种直播内容分发方法包括: 中心节点获取 TS流, 将所述 TS流发送至边缘节点; 所述中心节点还封 装并存储所述 TS流, 接受本中心节点客户端的提供 HLS直播服务的请求; 以及 边缘节点封装并存储从所述中心节点获取的所述 TS 流, 接受本边缘节 点客户端的提供 HLS直播服务的请求。 该方法中,中心节点获取 TS流,将所述 TS流发送至边缘节点的步骤中, 中心节点流媒体服务器获取所述 TS流,将所述 TS流进行处理并添加附加信 息, 将所述 TS流及附加信息转发给所述边缘节点及中心节点 HLS服务器; 所述中心节点还将所述 TS 流进行封装并存储的步骤中, 所述中心节点
HLS服务器将所述 TS流进行封装并存储封装后的媒体及相关资源; 中心节点接受本中心节点客户端的提供 HLS直播服务的请求的步骤中, 中心节点 Web服务器接受本中心节点客户端请求,将存储的所述封装后的媒 体及相关资源发送给客户端。 上述方法中, 边缘节点封装并存储从所述中心节点获取的所述 TS 流的 步骤中, 边缘节点流媒体服务器从中心节点流媒体服务器中继所述 TS流和 附加信息, 将所述 TS流及附加信息转发给边缘节点 HLS服务器; 以及边缘 节点 HLS服务器将所述 TS流进行封装并存储封装后的媒体及相关资源; 边缘节点接受本边缘节点客户端的提供 HLS直播服务的请求的步骤中, 边缘节点 WEB服务器接受本边缘节点客户端请求, 将存储所述封装后的媒 体及相关资源发送给客户端。 上述方法中, 所述封装包括将所述 TS流封装成 M3U8索引和 TS分段。 下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。 如图 2所示, 音视频输入接入中心节点直播编码器进行编码, 直播编码 器输出的 TS 流发送给中心节点流媒体服务器。 中心节点流媒体服务器解析 视频 I帧, 把 TS包封装为 RTP包, RTP包的时间戳根据 TS包的 PCR转换 而来, RTP包携带扩展头用来指示是否 I帧及其它处理信息。 然后, 一方面, 中心节点流媒体服务器把打包成 RTP的 TS流(TS over RTP流)转发给本节点 HLS服务器。 本中心节点 HLS服务器把 TS流切成 符合 HLS草案的 TS分段和 M3U8索引, 存储于本节点共享存储设备上。 另 一方面, 中心节点流媒体服务器接收边缘节点流媒体服务器的 RTSP (实时 传输流协议)请求, 遵循 RTSP标准过程建立中继连接, 其中, 中继连接的 控制协议釆用 RTSP, 传输协议釆用 RTP。 中心节点流媒体服务器把打包成 RTP的 TS流转发给边缘节点流媒体服务器。 由于 TS流已经过中心节点处理, 边缘节点流媒体服务器将接收到的中 继的 TS流后直接转发给本边缘节点 HLS服务器,后续过程同中心节点 HLS 过程。 如图 3所示, 当客户端向边缘节点 Web服务器请求直播服务时, 边缘节 点 Web服务器从本边缘节点共享存储设备读取 TS分段和 M3U8索引返回给 客户端, 客户端将直播节目呈现给用户。
上述实施例中以 HTTP Live Streaming直播内容分发进行说明,本发明也 可以适用于 HTTP Streaming (或称 DASH ) 的直播内容分发。 本发明提出的直播内容分发方法和***,解决了 HLS大规模应用情况下 直播内容的分发, 能有效降低直播时延, 降低运营商硬件设备投资, 便于运 营商在现有流媒体平台基础上开展 HLS业务。 这里需要指出的是, 本发明中的具体实施例只是列举了本发明的个别实 例, 使用本发明的设计思想及其任何等效变换实现的 HTTP Live Streaming 直播内容分发, 均应属于本发明的保护范围。 本领域普通技术人员可以理解上述方法中的全部或部分步骤可通过程序 来指令相关硬件完成, 所述程序可以存储于计算机可读存储介质中, 如只读 存储器、 磁盘或光盘等。 可选地, 上述实施例的全部或部分步骤也可以使用 一个或多个集成电路来实现。 相应地, 上述实施例中的各模块单元可以釆用 硬件的形式实现, 也可以釆用软件功能模块的形式实现。 本发明不限制于任 何特定形式的硬件和软件的结合。
工业实用性 本发明解决了 HLS大规模应用情况下直播内容的分发,能有效降低直播 时延, 降低运营商硬件设备投资, 便于运营商在现有流媒体平台基础上开展 HLS业务。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、一种直播内容分发***, 所述***包括: 中心节点和至少一个边缘节 点, 所述边缘节点直接与所述中心节点相连, 或者通过一个或多个边缘节点 与所述中心节点相连, 其中: 所述中心节点与直播源相连, 所述中心节点设置为: 获取传输流(TS ) 流, 将所述 TS流发送至所述边缘节点; 所述边缘节点设置为: 封装并存储从所述中心节点获取的所述 TS 流, 以及接受本边缘节点客户端的提供直播服务的请求。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的***, 其中, 所述中心节点还设置为: 封装并存 储所述 TS流, 以及接受本中心节点客户端的提供直播服务的请求。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的***, 其中, 所述中心节点包括: 中心节点流媒体服务器、 中心节点超文本传输协议 直播流(HLS )服务器、 以及中心节点网页 (Web )服务器, 其中: 所述中心节点流媒体服务器设置为: 获取所述 TS流, 将所述 TS流进行 处理并添加附加信息, 将所述 TS流及附加信息转发给所述中心节点 HLS服 务器和边缘节点; 所述中心节点 HLS服务器设置为: 将所述 TS流进行封装并存储封装后 的媒体及相关资源; 所述中心节点 Web服务器设置为: 接受本中心节点客户端的请求,将存
4、 如权利要求 3所述的***, 其中, 所述边缘节点包括: 边缘节点流媒 体服务器、 边缘节点 HLS服务器和边缘节点 WEB服务器, 其中: 所述边缘节点流媒体服务器设置为: 从中心节点流媒体服务器中继所述 TS流和附加信息,将所述 TS流及附加信息转发给所述边缘节点 HLS服务器; 所述边缘节点 HLS服务器设置为: 将所述 TS流进行封装并存储封装后 的媒体及相关资源; 所述边缘节点 WEB服务器设置为: 接受本边缘节点客户端的请求, 将
5、 如权利要求 3或 4所述的***, 其中, 所述封装包括将所述 TS流封 装成 M3U8索引和 TS分段。
6、 一种直播内容分发方法, 该方法包括: 中心节点获取传输流(TS ) 流, 将所述 TS流发送至边缘节点; 以及 所述边缘节点封装并存储从所述中心节点获取的所述 TS流, 接受本边 缘节点客户端的提供直播服务的请求。
7、如权利要求 6所述的方法, 所述方法还包括: 所述中心节点封装并存 储所述 TS流, 以及接受本中心节点客户端的提供直播服务的请求。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的方法, 其中, 所述中心节点获取 TS流,将所述 TS流发送至所述边缘节点的步骤包括: 中心节点流媒体服务器获取所述 TS流,将所述 TS流进行处理并添加附 加信息, 将所述 TS流及附加信息转发给所述边缘节点; 所述中心节点封装并存储所述 TS 流, 以及接受本中心节点客户端的提 供直播服务的请求的步骤包括: 中心节点超文本传输协议直播流(HLS )服务器将所述 TS 流进行处理 并添加附加信息, 将所述 TS流及附加信息转发给中心节点 HLS服务器; 以 及 所述中心节点 HLS服务器将所述 TS流进行封装并存储封装后的媒体及 相关资源; 中心节点网页 (Web )服务器接受本中心节点客户端的请求, 将存储的 所述封装后的媒体及相关资源发送给所述本中心节点客户端。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的方法, 其中, 所述边缘节点封装并存储从所述中心节点获取的所述 TS流, 并接受本 边缘节点客户端的提供直播服务的请求的步骤包括: 边缘节点流媒体服务器从中心节点流媒体服务器中继 TS流和附加信息, 将所述 TS流及附加信息转发给边缘节点 HLS服务器; 边缘节点 HLS服务器将所述 TS流进行封装并存储封装后的媒体及相关 资源; 以及 边缘节点 WEB服务器接受本边缘节点客户端的请求, 将存储的所述封 装后的媒体及相关资源发送给本边缘节点客户端。
10、 如权利要求 8或 9所述的方法, 其中, 所述封装包括将所述 TS流 封装成 M3U8索引和 TS分段。
11、 一种直播内容分发边缘节点, 其特征在于, 所述边缘节点直接与所 述中心节点相连, 或者通过一个或多个边缘节点与所述中心节点相连, 所述 边缘节点设置为: 接收所述中心节点向所述边缘节点发送的从直播源获取的传输流 ( TS ) 流; 以及 封装并存储从所述中心节点获取的所述 TS流, 以及接受本边缘节点客 户端的提供直播服务的请求。
12、如权利要求 11所述的边缘节点, 所述边缘节点包括: 边缘节点流媒 体服务器、 边缘节点 HLS服务器和边缘节点 WEB服务器, 其中: 所述边缘节点流媒体服务器设置为: 从中心节点流媒体服务器中继所述 TS流和附加信息,将所述 TS流及附加信息转发给所述边缘节点 HLS服务器; 所述边缘节点 HLS服务器设置为: 将所述 TS流进行封装并存储封装后 的媒体及相关资源; 所述边缘节点 WEB服务器设置为: 接受本边缘节点客户端的请求, 将
13、 如权利要求 12所述的边缘节点, 其中, 所述封装包括将所述 TS流 封装成 M3U8索引和 TS分段。
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