WO2012014189A1 - An energy converter and a method for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water to rotational energy, and a hydroelectricity generator - Google Patents

An energy converter and a method for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water to rotational energy, and a hydroelectricity generator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012014189A1
WO2012014189A1 PCT/IE2011/000042 IE2011000042W WO2012014189A1 WO 2012014189 A1 WO2012014189 A1 WO 2012014189A1 IE 2011000042 W IE2011000042 W IE 2011000042W WO 2012014189 A1 WO2012014189 A1 WO 2012014189A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy converter
water
chassis
stream
energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IE2011/000042
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Augustine Pascal Joseph Murphy
Patricia Josephine Cullen
Original Assignee
Augustine Pascal Joseph Murphy
Patricia Josephine Cullen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Augustine Pascal Joseph Murphy, Patricia Josephine Cullen filed Critical Augustine Pascal Joseph Murphy
Publication of WO2012014189A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012014189A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F03B13/264—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the horizontal flow of water resulting from tide movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/062—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction
    • F03B17/063—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction the flow engaging parts having no movement relative to the rotor during its rotation
    • F03B17/064—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction the flow engaging parts having no movement relative to the rotor during its rotation and a rotor of the endless-chain type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/062—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction
    • F03B17/065—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction the flow engaging parts having a cyclic movement relative to the rotor during its rotation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an energy converter and a method for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water to rotational energy, and the invention also relates to a hydroelectricity generator.
  • Hydroelectricity generators are known.
  • such hydroelectricity generators are known for generating electricity from the kinetic energy of a stream of flowing water, for example, flowing water in a river, flowing water as a result of tidal movements in the ocean and the like.
  • Such hydroelectricity generators which are suitable for generating electricity from a river, in general, require the river to be dammed in order to provide a head of water for the generator. Damming of a river in the majority of instances is ecologically undesirable, and in general, is a relatively expensive procedure.
  • hydroelectricity generators for generating electricity from the kinetic energy of a stream of flowing water in a river or in the ocean as a result of tidal movement tend to be relatively complex and costly, and many tend to be relatively inefficient.
  • such hydroelectricity generators tend to be maintenance intensive and require regular maintenance and servicing which can be relatively costly.
  • many such known hydroelectricity generators are unsuitable for use in relatively small rivers, and in applications where the velocity of the water flow in the river or tidal movement tends to be relatively low.
  • the present invention is directed towards providing a hydroelectricity generator which addresses at least some of the above discussed problems and disadvantages of known hydroelectricity generators.
  • the invention is also directed towards a method and an energy converter for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water to rotational energy, which addresses at least some of the above mentioned problems and disadvantages of known hydroelectricity generators
  • an energy converter for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water to rotational energy comprising a chassis, a converting means adapted for converting linear motion into rotational motion, the converting means being mounted on the chassis and comprising a linearly moveable element and a rotatably mounted output shaft, the linearly moveable element co-operating with the output shaft for rotating the output shaft for producing the rotational motion from the linear motion, at least one water engaging element coupled to the linearly moveable element and adapted to extend into the stream of flowing water and being responsive to water flow therein for imparting linear motion to the linearly moveable element, and a mounting means adapted for maintaining the
  • the linearly moveable element comprises at least one endless primary transmission element carried on and extending around corresponding spaced apart rotatably mounted first and second primary carrier elements.
  • each first primary carrier element is mounted fast on the output shaft.
  • each second primary carrier element is mounted fast on a rotatably mounted idler shaft spaced apart from and extending parallel to the output shaft.
  • each primary transmission element is carried on a corresponding pair of first and second primary carrier elements.
  • each primary transmission element comprises a primary transmission chain, and the first and second primary carrier elements comprise respective first and second primary sprockets.
  • each primary transmission element comprises a primary transmission belt, and the first and second primary carrier elements comprise respective first and second primary transmission pulleys.
  • each primary transmission belt comprises a primary transmission rope.
  • each primary transmission rope comprises a steel transmission rope.
  • a secondary transmission means for transmitting the rotational motion from the output shaft to one of an hydraulic pump, a pneumatic pump and an electricity generator.
  • an hydraulic pump is mounted on the chassis and is driven by the secondary transmission means.
  • the hydraulic pump is adapted for driving an hydraulic motor.
  • the hydraulic motor is adapted for mounting remote of the energy converter.
  • the hydraulic motor is adapted for land mounting.
  • the hydraulic motor is adapted for coupling to an electricity generator for generating electricity.
  • a pneumatic pump is mounted on the chassis and is driven by the secondary transmission means.
  • the pneumatic pump is adapted for coupling to a pneumatic motor.
  • the pneumatic motor is adapted for mounting remote of the energy converter.
  • the pneumatic motor is adapted for land mounting.
  • the pneumatic motor is adapted for coupling to an electricity generator for producing electricity.
  • an electricity generator is mounted on the chassis and is driven by the secondary transmission means.
  • the secondary transmission means comprises a gearbox.
  • the one of the hydraulic pump, the pneumatic pump and the electricity generator is driven through the gearbox.
  • the secondary transmission means comprises a secondary transmission element carried on and extending around first and second secondary carrier elements, the first secondary transmission elements being mounted fast on the output shaft, and the second secondary carrier element being mounted fast on an input shaft of the gearbox or an input shaft of one of the hydraulic pump, the pneumatic pump and the electricity generator.
  • the secondary transmission element comprises a secondary transmission chain
  • the first and second secondary carrier elements comprise first and second secondary sprockets, respectively.
  • a plurality of water engaging elements are coupled to the linearly moveable element spaced apart longitudinally along the linearly moveable element.
  • each water engaging element extends transversely of each primary transmission element.
  • each water engaging element comprises a water engaging paddle.
  • each water engaging paddle is of arcuate shape.
  • each water engaging paddle is concave when viewed from the direction of water flow in the stream of flowing water.
  • each water engaging element is pivotally coupled to the linearly moveable element.
  • an adjustment means is provided for selectively adjusting the angle of attack of each water engaging element relative to the linearly moveable element.
  • each stabilising means comprises at least one stabilising roller adjacent the linearly moveable element engageable with a track extending parallel to the linearly moveable element.
  • a pair of spaced apart guide tracks are provided on respective opposite sides of the linearly moveable element for engaging respective opposite ends of each stabilising roller.
  • each stabilising roller extends outwardly at respective opposite side edges of the water engaging element for engaging an adjacent one of the guide tracks.
  • a pair of stabilising rollers are provided adjacent each water engaging element adjacent respective opposite faces thereof.
  • a water collecting tray is located adjacent each water engaging element for collecting water from the water engaging element, when the water engaging element is extending out of the stream of flowing water.
  • each water collecting tray is located adjacent the connection of the corresponding water engaging element with the linearly moveable element.
  • each water engaging element is of length greater than the spacing between the pairs of first and second primary carrier elements.
  • the linearly moveable element is adapted to move with rectilinear motion.
  • each water engaging element is coupled to the linearly moveable element to move with rectilinear motion.
  • the mounting means comprises at least one float for maintaining the chassis floating on the stream of flowing water.
  • the mounting means comprises a pair of spaced apart floats, and the chassis is mounted on and carried on the floats.
  • each float comprises an elongated float.
  • the floats are located on respective opposite sides of the chassis, and are adapted to extend in a direction substantially parallel to the direction of linear motion of the linearly moveable element.
  • the floats are adapted for mounting the chassis above the water level with the respective water engaging elements extending downwardly into the stream of flowing water.
  • At least one coupling means is provided on one of the chassis and the at least one float, the coupling means being adapted for coupling to an anchor cable.
  • one coupling means are provided on adjacent ends of the respective floats.
  • one coupling means is provided on each end of each float.
  • the converting means is adapted for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water resulting from tidal flow in an ocean to rotational energy. In another embodiment of the invention the converting means is adapted for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water resulting from flow of water in a river.
  • the invention also provides a hydroelectricity generator comprising an energy converter according to the invention, and an electricity generator adapted to be powered by the rotational energy produced on the output shaft of the converting means.
  • the invention provides a method for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water to rotational energy, the method comprising providing a chassis, providing a converting means adapted for converting linear motion into rotational motion, mounting the converting means on the chassis, and providing the converting means in the form of a linearly moveable element and a rotatably mounted output shaft with the linearly moveable element co-operating with the output shaft for rotating the output shaft for producing the rotational motion from the linear motion, coupling at least one water engaging element to the linearly moveable element, and mounting the chassis relative to the stream of flowing water with the at least one water engaging element extending into the stream of flowing water, so that the at least one water engaging element is responsive to water flow therein for imparting linear motion to the linearly moveable element.
  • the advantages of the hydroelectricity generator and the energy converter according to the invention are many.
  • the energy converter is of relatively simple straightforward construction, and includes the minimum of moving parts, thereby producing an energy converter and an electricity generator which requires minimum maintenance and servicing.
  • a particularly important advantage of the energy converter according to the invention is that the energy converter is particularly suitable for use in applications where the available kinetic energy from flowing water is relatively low, and in particular, the energy converter is particularly suitable for use in relatively small rivers, and in applications where the velocity of the stream of flowing water is relatively low.
  • the energy converter is also suitable for tidal applications relatively close to shore.
  • the energy converter is also suitable for use in relatively large rivers and offshore tidal applications.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the energy converter according to the invention does not require a head of water for its operation, and thus, damming of a river is not required.
  • the energy converter can be scaled up or down, and thus, is suitable for large scale applications and small scale applications, as well as medium size applications.
  • the hydroelectricity generator according to the invention is suitable for similar applications to those for which the energy converter according to the invention is suitable, and the advantages of the hydroelectricity generator according to the invention are similar to those achieved by the energy converter according to the invention.
  • a particularly important advantage of the hydroelectricity generator is that the hydroelectricity generator can be produced to many scales, both large scale, small scale and medium scale applications, and can be readily and easily produced to be of any suitable size.
  • the hydroelectricity generator may be suitable for producing electricity to meet relatively small demands, such as, for example, the demand of a single domestic dwelling, or a group of domestic dwellings, an industrial unit or a group of industrial units, or a combination of industrial units and domestic dwellings.
  • the hydroelectricity generator according to the invention is also suitable for use by electricity utility for producing electricity on a large scale basis.
  • a further advantage of the hydroelectricity generator according to the invention is that the hydroelectricity generator may be adapted for connecting into a mains electricity supply grid.
  • Fig.1. is a side elevational view of a hydroelectricity generator according to the invention
  • Fig.2. is a top plan view of the hydroelectricity generator of Fig.1 ,
  • Fig. 3. is a side elevational view of a detail of the hydroelectricity generator of Fig.1 ,
  • Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 1 of a hydroelectricity generator according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a side elevational view of a detail of the hydroelectricity generator of Fig. 4
  • Fig. 6 is an end elevational view of a portion of the detail of Fig. 5 of the hydroelectricity generator of Fig. 4,
  • Fig. 7 is an end elevational view of a portion of the detail of Fig. 5 of the hydroelectricity generator of Fig. 4, and
  • Fig. 8 is an end elevational view of another detail of the hydroelectricity generator of Fig. 4.
  • a hydroelectricity generator according to the invention indicated generally by the reference numeral 1 for generating electricity from kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water, for example, from water flow in a river, tidal flow in an ocean or the like.
  • the hydroelectricity generator 1 comprises an energy converter also according to the invention, indicated generally by the reference numeral 2, for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water to rotational energy.
  • the energy converter 2 comprises a chassis 3 which is mounted on a mounting means comprising a pair of spaced apart longitudinally extending elongated floats 4 for supporting the chassis 3 above the water level.
  • the chassis 3 comprises a pair of spaced apart side frames 5 of steel which are joined together by transverse members (not shown) also of steel.
  • the floats 4 are located on opposite sides of the chassis 3, and are connected to the chassis 3 by struts 6 which extend sidewardly outwardly and downwardly from the side frames 5 of the chassis 3.
  • the struts 6 are illustrated in Fig. 2 only.
  • Each side frame 5 comprises longitudinally extending top and bottom members 7 and 8, respectively, which are joined at their respective opposite ends by end members 9 of arcuate shape.
  • a pair of spaced apart transversely extending shafts namely, an output shaft 10 and an idler shaft 11 are rotatably mounted in the side frames 5 and extend between the side frames 5.
  • Mounting members (not shown) are provided in the side frames 5 extending between the top and bottom members 7 and 8 for rotatably carrying the output and idler shafts 10 and 11 in bearings (not shown).
  • the output shaft 10 carries a pair of spaced apart first primary carrier elements, which in this
  • first primary sprockets 12 which are mounted fast on the output shaft 10.
  • the idler shaft 11 carries a pair of spaced apart second primary carrier elements, which in this embodiment of the invention comprise a pair of spaced apart second primary sprockets 13, which are mounted fast on the idler shaft 11.
  • a converting means comprising a converter 15 for converting linear motion to rotational motion comprises a pair of spaced apart linearly moveable elements, namely, a pair of endless primary transmission elements provided by a pair of primary transmission chains 16 which extend around and are carried on
  • a plurality of water engaging elements namely, water engaging paddles 17 are coupled to the primary transmission chains 16 and are longitudinally spaced apart along the primary transmission chains 16.
  • the water engaging paddles 17 extend between the side frames 5, and the water engaging paddles 17 on the lower legs 19 of the primary transmission chains 16 extend downwardly into the stream of flowing water, so that the action of the flowing water in the direction of the arrow A, of Fig.1 urges the water engaging paddles 17 on the lower legs 19 of the primary
  • An electricity generator 20 is mounted on the chassis 3 between the side frames 5, and is driven by the output shaft 10 through a secondary transmission means, which comprises a gearbox 21 and a secondary chain and sprocket transmission 22 through which drive is transmitted from the output shaft 10 to the gearbox 21.
  • the gearbox 21 is also mounted on the chassis 3 between the side frames 5, and the electricity generator 20 is driven by a transmission shaft 23 extending from the gearbox 21.
  • the secondary chain and sprocket transmission 22 comprises a drive sprocket 24 which is mounted fast on the output shaft 10 and a driven sprocket 25 which is fast on an input shaft 27 of the gearbox 21.
  • a secondary transmission chain 28 around the drive sprocket 24 and the driven sprocket 25 transmits drive from the output shaft 0 to the input shaft 27 of the gearbox 21.
  • each water engaging paddle 17 extends from a transversely extending carrier member 30 which extends between and is secured to the primary transmission chains 16.
  • the water engaging paddles 17 are of arcuate shape and are coupled to the primary transmission chains 16 by the corresponding carrier members 30 to be of concave shape when viewed from the direction of water flow for maximising the capture of the kinetic energy of the flowing water.
  • a water collecting channel 31 extends along the length of each carrier member 30 for collecting water from the corresponding water engaging paddle 17 as the water engaging paddle 17 is extending upwardly from upper legs 33 of the primary transmission chains 16.
  • a stabilising means, for stabilising the primary transmission chains 16 adjacent each water engaging paddle 17 comprises two stabilising rollers 34 which are located at respective opposite sides of each carrier member 30 for rotatably engaging respective corresponding guide tracks 35, see Fig. 3 extending inwardly from the side frames 5, so that as the primary transmission chains 16 are urged by the action of the flowing water on the water engaging paddles 17 the stabilising rollers 34 engage the guide tracks 35 for stabilising the primary transmission chains 16, and for controlling the torque from the water engaging paddles 17, to thereby prevent any slack occurring in the primary transmission chains 16.
  • Four coupling means comprising coupling elements 38 are provided at the respective opposite ends of the floats 4 for receiving anchor cables (not shown) for anchoring the hydroelectricity generator 1 in the stream of flowing water.
  • anchor cables would be coupled to each of the four coupling elements 38 and would be anchored to the river bank, or the river bed, as the case may be for retaining the
  • hydroelectricity generator 1 longitudinally orientated relative to the flow of water and for maintaining the hydroelectricity generator 1 centrally in the stream of flowing water.
  • the hydroelectricity generator 1 is located in the sea, for example, in a tidal estuary only two of the coupling elements 38 would be used at one end of the hydroelectricity generator 1 so that the hydroelectricity generator 1 could swing around on each turn of the tide.
  • the hydroelectricity generator 1 is maintained floating on the water by the floats 4 with the chassis 3 above the water level and the water engaging paddles 17 on the lower legs 19 of the primary transmission chains 16 extending downwardly into the stream of flowing water, be it a river or tidal flow.
  • the hydroelectricity generator 1 is appropriately anchored by anchor cables (not shown) coupled to the appropriate ones of the coupling elements 38.
  • anchor cables not shown
  • all four of the coupling elements 38 are used when the hydroelectricity generator 1 is located in a river, and only two of the coupling elements 38 at one end of the hydroelectricity generator 1 are used when the hydroelectricity generator 1 is located in a tidal flow.
  • the two coupling elements 38 which are used for anchoring the hydroelectricity generator 1 in a tidal flow are the coupling elements 38a at the forward end 39 of the hydroelectricity generator 1.
  • Electricity from the electricity generator 20 is relayed to a land based station by suitable cables (not shown).
  • the hydroelectricity generator 1 may be produced to any scale, from smaller scale versions to the larger scale versions.
  • a relatively small scale version of the electricity generator 1 would be of length of approximately five metres and width of approximately three to four metres.
  • the dimensions of larger scale hydroelectricity generators according to the invention within reason could be of any desirable length and width.
  • a medium size hydroelectricity generator according to the invention would be of size of
  • a hydroelectricity generator according to another embodiment of the invention indicated generally by the reference numeral 40.
  • the hydroelectricity generator 40 is substantially similar to the hydroelectricity generator 1 and similar components are identified by the same reference numerals.
  • the main difference between the hydroelectricity generator 40 and the hydroelectricity generator 1 is in the primary transmission element, and the first and second primary carrier elements.
  • the primary transmission element instead of being provided by a primary transmission chain, comprises a primary transmission belt in the form of an endless steel rope 41 which is carried around first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44, respectively, which are mounted fast on the output shaft 10 and the idler shaft 11 , respectively.
  • slots 45 are cut into each water engaging paddle 17 in order to accommodate the first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44 as the water engaging paddles 17 are being carried around the first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44.
  • Pairs of abutment elements 46 which extend radially from the second primary pulleys 44 at equi-spaced apart intervals of 90° circumferentially engage the water engaging paddles 17 should the steel ropes 41 slip in the first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44, in order to minimise slippage between the ropes 41 and the first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44.
  • Clamps 47 in the slots 45 engage the steel ropes 41 for clamping the water engaging panels 17 onto the ropes 41 at longitudinally spaced apart intervals.
  • grooves 48 of the respective first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44 are lined with a rubber lining 49.
  • the provision of the rubber lining 49 in the grooves 48 of the first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44 as well as minimising slip between the ropes 41 and the first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44 also reduces transmission noises between the ropes 41 and the first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44.
  • the electricity generator 40 and its use is similar to that already described with reference to the hydroelectricity generator 1 of Figs. 1 to 3.
  • the water engaging paddles 17 have been described as being coupled to the corresponding carrier members 30, it is envisaged in certain cases, that the water engaging paddles 17 may be pivotally coupled to the corresponding carrier members 30 so that the angle of attack of the water engaging paddles 17 to the flowing water could be selectively varied to compensate for variation in the flow rate of the stream of flowing water in order to maintain the speed at which the electricity generator 20 is driven substantially constant as the speed and kinetic energy of the flowing water varies.
  • the chassis may be mounted on the floats to facilitate raising and lowering the chassis 3 relative to the floats 4, for in turn varying the area of the water engaging paddles 17 available to the flowing water, for similarly accommodating variation in the speed and kinetic energy of the flowing water.
  • the chassis may be carried on hydraulic or pneumatic rams mounted on the floats for raising and lowering the chassis relative to the floats.
  • a screw-jack or screw-jack means may be provided for raising and lowering the chassis relative to the floats.
  • the level of the chassis relative to the floats would also be adjustable in order to avoid the water engaging paddles 17 touching the river bed or the sea bed. Such adjustment could be carried out when the hydroelectricity generator is being installed, and suitable control apparatus could also be provided for adjusting the level of the chassis above the floats in response to a falling or rising tide or a flooded river and the like.
  • the paddles may be replaceable with paddles of different size, similarly to accommodate variation in the kinetic energy and speed of the flowing water.
  • the electricity generator has been described as being mounted on the chassis, the electricity generator may be mounted in any suitable location, and it is envisaged that in certain cases the electricity generator may be land mounted and in which case, an hydraulic or a pneumatic pump would be driven either directly or indirectly by the output shaft 10.
  • An hydraulic or a pneumatic motor would be land mounted and coupled to the corresponding one of the hydraulic pump and the pneumatic pump for driving thereof through suitable hydraulic or pneumatic piping.
  • the one of the hydraulic motor and the pneumatic motor would be mechanically coupled either directly or through a gearbox to the electricity generator, which would also be land based for generating electricity.
  • the hydroelectricity generator 1 according to the invention would be housed in a suitable protective housing for protecting the hydroelectricity generator from weather and other environmental hazards.
  • the housing could be of any suitable material, for example, fibreglass, light gauge steel sheeting and the like.
  • a strong steel mesh protective guard would be located adjacent the front of the hydroelectricity generator in order to protect the
  • hydroelectricity generator from flotsam, such as floating debris, trees, branches of trees and the like. It is also envisaged that channel iron steel may be secured to the floats. Indeed, it is also envisaged that Y-section steel and heavier channels may also be secured to the floats.
  • chassis has been described as being of steel, the chassis may be of any suitable material.
  • the floats 4 may also be of any suitable material, and typically, would be of a plastics material and may be formed by any suitable plastics forming process, for example, rotational moulding or the like.
  • the water engaging paddles may be of any suitable material, and typically, would be of a relatively rigid plastics material.
  • the energy converter according to the invention has been described for use in conjunction with an hydroelectricity generator, it is envisaged that the energy converter according to the invention may be used in other applications besides that of generating electricity. In which case, the rotational energy would be derived from the output shaft of the energy converter to drive other components.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oceanography (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

An hydroelectricity generator (1) comprises a chassis (3) supported on a pair of floats (4). A pair of primary transmission chains (16) are carried on first and second primary sprockets (12) and (13) which are mounted fast on an output shaft (10) and an idler shaft (11), respectively, which in turn are rotatably carried in side frames (5) of the chassis (3). Water engaging paddles (17) carried on the primary transmission chains (16) at spaced apart intervals along the primary transmission chains (16) extend downwardly from lower legs (19) of the primary chains (16) to extend into a stream of flowing water. Water flowing in the direction of the arrow A impinging on the water engaging paddles (17) urges the water engaging paddles (17) in the direction of the arrow A for in turn urging the lower legs (19) of the primary transmission chains (16) also in the direction of the arrow A for rotating the output shaft (10) in order to convert linear motion of the water engaging paddles (17) into rotational energy of the output shaft (10). An electricity generator (20) mounted on the chassis (3) is driven from the output shaft (10) through a secondary chain and sprocket transmission (22) and a gearbox (21) for generating electricity.

Description

"An energy converter and a method for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water to rotational energy, and a hydroelectricity generator"
The present invention relates to an energy converter and a method for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water to rotational energy, and the invention also relates to a hydroelectricity generator.
Hydroelectricity generators are known. In particular, such hydroelectricity generators are known for generating electricity from the kinetic energy of a stream of flowing water, for example, flowing water in a river, flowing water as a result of tidal movements in the ocean and the like. Such hydroelectricity generators which are suitable for generating electricity from a river, in general, require the river to be dammed in order to provide a head of water for the generator. Damming of a river in the majority of instances is ecologically undesirable, and in general, is a relatively expensive procedure. Additionally, hydroelectricity generators for generating electricity from the kinetic energy of a stream of flowing water in a river or in the ocean as a result of tidal movement tend to be relatively complex and costly, and many tend to be relatively inefficient. In general, such hydroelectricity generators tend to be maintenance intensive and require regular maintenance and servicing which can be relatively costly. Furthermore, many such known hydroelectricity generators are unsuitable for use in relatively small rivers, and in applications where the velocity of the water flow in the river or tidal movement tends to be relatively low.
There is therefore a need for a hydroelectricity generator which addresses at least some of these problems and disadvantages of hydroelectricity generators known heretofore.
The present invention is directed towards providing a hydroelectricity generator which addresses at least some of the above discussed problems and disadvantages of known hydroelectricity generators. The invention is also directed towards a method and an energy converter for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water to rotational energy, which addresses at least some of the above mentioned problems and disadvantages of known hydroelectricity generators According to the invention there is provided an energy converter for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water to rotational energy, the energy converter comprising a chassis, a converting means adapted for converting linear motion into rotational motion, the converting means being mounted on the chassis and comprising a linearly moveable element and a rotatably mounted output shaft, the linearly moveable element co-operating with the output shaft for rotating the output shaft for producing the rotational motion from the linear motion, at least one water engaging element coupled to the linearly moveable element and adapted to extend into the stream of flowing water and being responsive to water flow therein for imparting linear motion to the linearly moveable element, and a mounting means adapted for maintaining the chassis relative to the stream of flowing water with the at least one water engaging element extending into the stream of flowing water. Preferably, the mounting means is adapted for maintaining the chassis relative to the stream of flowing water with the at least one water engaging element extending transversely of the direction of flow of the stream of flowing water.
In one embodiment of the invention the linearly moveable element comprises at least one endless primary transmission element carried on and extending around corresponding spaced apart rotatably mounted first and second primary carrier elements. Preferably, each first primary carrier element is mounted fast on the output shaft. Advantageously, each second primary carrier element is mounted fast on a rotatably mounted idler shaft spaced apart from and extending parallel to the output shaft.
In another embodiment of the invention a pair of spaced apart primary transmission elements are provided, each primary transmission element being carried on a corresponding pair of first and second primary carrier elements. Preferably, each primary transmission element comprises a primary transmission chain, and the first and second primary carrier elements comprise respective first and second primary sprockets. In an alternative embodiment of the invention each primary transmission element comprises a primary transmission belt, and the first and second primary carrier elements comprise respective first and second primary transmission pulleys.
Preferably, each primary transmission belt comprises a primary transmission rope. Advantageously, each primary transmission rope comprises a steel transmission rope.
In another embodiment of the invention a secondary transmission means is provided for transmitting the rotational motion from the output shaft to one of an hydraulic pump, a pneumatic pump and an electricity generator.
In one embodiment of the invention an hydraulic pump is mounted on the chassis and is driven by the secondary transmission means. Preferably, the hydraulic pump is adapted for driving an hydraulic motor. Advantageously, the hydraulic motor is adapted for mounting remote of the energy converter. Ideally, the hydraulic motor is adapted for land mounting. Preferably, the hydraulic motor is adapted for coupling to an electricity generator for generating electricity.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention a pneumatic pump is mounted on the chassis and is driven by the secondary transmission means. Preferably, the pneumatic pump is adapted for coupling to a pneumatic motor. Advantageously, the pneumatic motor is adapted for mounting remote of the energy converter. Ideally, the pneumatic motor is adapted for land mounting. Preferably, the pneumatic motor is adapted for coupling to an electricity generator for producing electricity.
In another embodiment of the invention an electricity generator is mounted on the chassis and is driven by the secondary transmission means.
In a further embodiment of the invention the secondary transmission means comprises a gearbox. Preferably, the one of the hydraulic pump, the pneumatic pump and the electricity generator is driven through the gearbox.
In another embodiment of the invention the secondary transmission means comprises a secondary transmission element carried on and extending around first and second secondary carrier elements, the first secondary transmission elements being mounted fast on the output shaft, and the second secondary carrier element being mounted fast on an input shaft of the gearbox or an input shaft of one of the hydraulic pump, the pneumatic pump and the electricity generator. Preferably, the secondary transmission element comprises a secondary transmission chain, and the first and second secondary carrier elements comprise first and second secondary sprockets, respectively. In one embodiment of the invention a plurality of water engaging elements are coupled to the linearly moveable element spaced apart longitudinally along the linearly moveable element.
Preferably, each water engaging element extends transversely of each primary transmission element. Advantageously, each water engaging element comprises a water engaging paddle. Ideally, each water engaging paddle is of arcuate shape.
In one embodiment of the invention each water engaging paddle is concave when viewed from the direction of water flow in the stream of flowing water. Preferably, each water engaging element is pivotally coupled to the linearly moveable element. Preferably, an adjustment means is provided for selectively adjusting the angle of attack of each water engaging element relative to the linearly moveable element.
In another embodiment of the invention a stabilising means is provided for stabilising the linearly moveable element adjacent each water engaging element. Preferably, each stabilising means comprises at least one stabilising roller adjacent the linearly moveable element engageable with a track extending parallel to the linearly moveable element. Preferably, a pair of spaced apart guide tracks are provided on respective opposite sides of the linearly moveable element for engaging respective opposite ends of each stabilising roller. Preferably, each stabilising roller extends outwardly at respective opposite side edges of the water engaging element for engaging an adjacent one of the guide tracks. In one embodiment of the invention a pair of stabilising rollers are provided adjacent each water engaging element adjacent respective opposite faces thereof.
In a further embodiment of the invention a water collecting tray is located adjacent each water engaging element for collecting water from the water engaging element, when the water engaging element is extending out of the stream of flowing water. Preferably, each water collecting tray is located adjacent the connection of the corresponding water engaging element with the linearly moveable element. In another embodiment of the invention each water engaging element is of length greater than the spacing between the pairs of first and second primary carrier elements.
In a further embodiment of the invention the linearly moveable element is adapted to move with rectilinear motion.
Preferably, each water engaging element is coupled to the linearly moveable element to move with rectilinear motion. In one embodiment of the invention the mounting means comprises at least one float for maintaining the chassis floating on the stream of flowing water. Preferably, the mounting means comprises a pair of spaced apart floats, and the chassis is mounted on and carried on the floats. In another embodiment of the invention each float comprises an elongated float.
Preferably, the floats are located on respective opposite sides of the chassis, and are adapted to extend in a direction substantially parallel to the direction of linear motion of the linearly moveable element. Advantageously, the floats are adapted for mounting the chassis above the water level with the respective water engaging elements extending downwardly into the stream of flowing water.
In another embodiment of the invention at least one coupling means is provided on one of the chassis and the at least one float, the coupling means being adapted for coupling to an anchor cable. Preferably, one coupling means are provided on adjacent ends of the respective floats. Advantageously, one coupling means is provided on each end of each float.
In one embodiment of the invention the converting means is adapted for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water resulting from tidal flow in an ocean to rotational energy. In another embodiment of the invention the converting means is adapted for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water resulting from flow of water in a river.
The invention also provides a hydroelectricity generator comprising an energy converter according to the invention, and an electricity generator adapted to be powered by the rotational energy produced on the output shaft of the converting means.
Further the invention provides a method for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water to rotational energy, the method comprising providing a chassis, providing a converting means adapted for converting linear motion into rotational motion, mounting the converting means on the chassis, and providing the converting means in the form of a linearly moveable element and a rotatably mounted output shaft with the linearly moveable element co-operating with the output shaft for rotating the output shaft for producing the rotational motion from the linear motion, coupling at least one water engaging element to the linearly moveable element, and mounting the chassis relative to the stream of flowing water with the at least one water engaging element extending into the stream of flowing water, so that the at least one water engaging element is responsive to water flow therein for imparting linear motion to the linearly moveable element.
The advantages of the hydroelectricity generator and the energy converter according to the invention are many. One of the advantages of the energy converter, whether it is used as an energy converter or as an electricity generator, lies in its simplicity. The energy converter is of relatively simple straightforward construction, and includes the minimum of moving parts, thereby producing an energy converter and an electricity generator which requires minimum maintenance and servicing. A particularly important advantage of the energy converter according to the invention is that the energy converter is particularly suitable for use in applications where the available kinetic energy from flowing water is relatively low, and in particular, the energy converter is particularly suitable for use in relatively small rivers, and in applications where the velocity of the stream of flowing water is relatively low. The energy converter is also suitable for tidal applications relatively close to shore.
However, as well as being suitable for use in relatively small rivers and tidal applications close to shore, the energy converter is also suitable for use in relatively large rivers and offshore tidal applications. A further advantage of the invention is that the energy converter according to the invention does not require a head of water for its operation, and thus, damming of a river is not required. The energy converter can be scaled up or down, and thus, is suitable for large scale applications and small scale applications, as well as medium size applications.
The hydroelectricity generator according to the invention is suitable for similar applications to those for which the energy converter according to the invention is suitable, and the advantages of the hydroelectricity generator according to the invention are similar to those achieved by the energy converter according to the invention. A particularly important advantage of the hydroelectricity generator is that the hydroelectricity generator can be produced to many scales, both large scale, small scale and medium scale applications, and can be readily and easily produced to be of any suitable size. For example, the hydroelectricity generator may be suitable for producing electricity to meet relatively small demands, such as, for example, the demand of a single domestic dwelling, or a group of domestic dwellings, an industrial unit or a group of industrial units, or a combination of industrial units and domestic dwellings. The hydroelectricity generator according to the invention is also suitable for use by electricity utility for producing electricity on a large scale basis. A further advantage of the hydroelectricity generator according to the invention is that the hydroelectricity generator may be adapted for connecting into a mains electricity supply grid.
The advantages of the method according to the invention for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water to rotational energy are similar to those achieved by the energy converter according to the invention.
The invention will be more clearly understood from the following description of some preferred embodiments thereof which are given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig.1. is a side elevational view of a hydroelectricity generator according to the invention
Fig.2. is a top plan view of the hydroelectricity generator of Fig.1 ,
Fig. 3. is a side elevational view of a detail of the hydroelectricity generator of Fig.1 ,
Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 1 of a hydroelectricity generator according to another embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 5 is a side elevational view of a detail of the hydroelectricity generator of Fig. 4, Fig. 6 is an end elevational view of a portion of the detail of Fig. 5 of the hydroelectricity generator of Fig. 4,
Fig. 7 is an end elevational view of a portion of the detail of Fig. 5 of the hydroelectricity generator of Fig. 4, and
Fig. 8 is an end elevational view of another detail of the hydroelectricity generator of Fig. 4. Referring to the drawings and initially to Figs. 1 to 3 thereof, there is illustrated a hydroelectricity generator according to the invention indicated generally by the reference numeral 1 for generating electricity from kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water, for example, from water flow in a river, tidal flow in an ocean or the like. The hydroelectricity generator 1 comprises an energy converter also according to the invention, indicated generally by the reference numeral 2, for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water to rotational energy. The energy converter 2 comprises a chassis 3 which is mounted on a mounting means comprising a pair of spaced apart longitudinally extending elongated floats 4 for supporting the chassis 3 above the water level. The chassis 3 comprises a pair of spaced apart side frames 5 of steel which are joined together by transverse members (not shown) also of steel. The floats 4 are located on opposite sides of the chassis 3, and are connected to the chassis 3 by struts 6 which extend sidewardly outwardly and downwardly from the side frames 5 of the chassis 3. The struts 6 are illustrated in Fig. 2 only. Each side frame 5 comprises longitudinally extending top and bottom members 7 and 8, respectively, which are joined at their respective opposite ends by end members 9 of arcuate shape.
A pair of spaced apart transversely extending shafts, namely, an output shaft 10 and an idler shaft 11 are rotatably mounted in the side frames 5 and extend between the side frames 5. Mounting members (not shown) are provided in the side frames 5 extending between the top and bottom members 7 and 8 for rotatably carrying the output and idler shafts 10 and 11 in bearings (not shown). The output shaft 10 carries a pair of spaced apart first primary carrier elements, which in this
embodiment of the invention comprise a pair of spaced apart first primary sprockets 12, which are mounted fast on the output shaft 10. The idler shaft 11 carries a pair of spaced apart second primary carrier elements, which in this embodiment of the invention comprise a pair of spaced apart second primary sprockets 13, which are mounted fast on the idler shaft 11.
A converting means comprising a converter 15 for converting linear motion to rotational motion comprises a pair of spaced apart linearly moveable elements, namely, a pair of endless primary transmission elements provided by a pair of primary transmission chains 16 which extend around and are carried on
corresponding ones of the first and second primary sprockets 12 and 13, so that as the primary transmission chains 16 move with rectilinear motion in the direction of the arrow A, the rectilinear motion of the primary transmission chains 16 is converted to rotational motion of the output shaft 10 in order to produce rotational energy.
A plurality of water engaging elements, namely, water engaging paddles 17 are coupled to the primary transmission chains 16 and are longitudinally spaced apart along the primary transmission chains 16. The water engaging paddles 17 extend between the side frames 5, and the water engaging paddles 17 on the lower legs 19 of the primary transmission chains 16 extend downwardly into the stream of flowing water, so that the action of the flowing water in the direction of the arrow A, of Fig.1 urges the water engaging paddles 17 on the lower legs 19 of the primary
transmission chains 16 with rectilinear motion in the direction of the arrow A. In turn the lower legs 19 of the primary transmission chains 16 are also urged in the direction of the arrow A with rectilinear motion, so that the rectilinear motion of the lower legs 19 of the primary transmission chains 16 is converted into rotational energy of the output shaft 10 and the idler shaft 11. An electricity generator 20 is mounted on the chassis 3 between the side frames 5, and is driven by the output shaft 10 through a secondary transmission means, which comprises a gearbox 21 and a secondary chain and sprocket transmission 22 through which drive is transmitted from the output shaft 10 to the gearbox 21. The gearbox 21 is also mounted on the chassis 3 between the side frames 5, and the electricity generator 20 is driven by a transmission shaft 23 extending from the gearbox 21. The secondary chain and sprocket transmission 22 comprises a drive sprocket 24 which is mounted fast on the output shaft 10 and a driven sprocket 25 which is fast on an input shaft 27 of the gearbox 21. A secondary transmission chain 28 around the drive sprocket 24 and the driven sprocket 25 transmits drive from the output shaft 0 to the input shaft 27 of the gearbox 21.
Returning now to the water engaging paddles 17, each water engaging paddle 17 extends from a transversely extending carrier member 30 which extends between and is secured to the primary transmission chains 16. The water engaging paddles 17 are of arcuate shape and are coupled to the primary transmission chains 16 by the corresponding carrier members 30 to be of concave shape when viewed from the direction of water flow for maximising the capture of the kinetic energy of the flowing water. A water collecting channel 31 extends along the length of each carrier member 30 for collecting water from the corresponding water engaging paddle 17 as the water engaging paddle 17 is extending upwardly from upper legs 33 of the primary transmission chains 16. A stabilising means, for stabilising the primary transmission chains 16 adjacent each water engaging paddle 17 comprises two stabilising rollers 34 which are located at respective opposite sides of each carrier member 30 for rotatably engaging respective corresponding guide tracks 35, see Fig. 3 extending inwardly from the side frames 5, so that as the primary transmission chains 16 are urged by the action of the flowing water on the water engaging paddles 17 the stabilising rollers 34 engage the guide tracks 35 for stabilising the primary transmission chains 16, and for controlling the torque from the water engaging paddles 17, to thereby prevent any slack occurring in the primary transmission chains 16. Four coupling means comprising coupling elements 38 are provided at the respective opposite ends of the floats 4 for receiving anchor cables (not shown) for anchoring the hydroelectricity generator 1 in the stream of flowing water. In the event of the hydroelectricity generator 1 being located in a river, anchor cables would be coupled to each of the four coupling elements 38 and would be anchored to the river bank, or the river bed, as the case may be for retaining the
hydroelectricity generator 1 longitudinally orientated relative to the flow of water and for maintaining the hydroelectricity generator 1 centrally in the stream of flowing water. On the other hand, where the hydroelectricity generator 1 is located in the sea, for example, in a tidal estuary only two of the coupling elements 38 would be used at one end of the hydroelectricity generator 1 so that the hydroelectricity generator 1 could swing around on each turn of the tide.
In use, the hydroelectricity generator 1 is maintained floating on the water by the floats 4 with the chassis 3 above the water level and the water engaging paddles 17 on the lower legs 19 of the primary transmission chains 16 extending downwardly into the stream of flowing water, be it a river or tidal flow. The hydroelectricity generator 1 is appropriately anchored by anchor cables (not shown) coupled to the appropriate ones of the coupling elements 38. As discussed above all four of the coupling elements 38 are used when the hydroelectricity generator 1 is located in a river, and only two of the coupling elements 38 at one end of the hydroelectricity generator 1 are used when the hydroelectricity generator 1 is located in a tidal flow. The two coupling elements 38 which are used for anchoring the hydroelectricity generator 1 in a tidal flow are the coupling elements 38a at the forward end 39 of the hydroelectricity generator 1.
As the stream of water flowing in the direction of the arrow A acts on the water engaging paddles 7 extending downwardly from the lower legs 19 of the primary transmission chains 16, the water engaging paddles 7 are urged with rectilinear motion in the direction of the arrow A, thereby causing the primary transmission chains 16 to rotate the output shafts 10 and idler shaft 11. Drive from the output shaft 10 is transmitted through the secondary chain and sprocket transmission 22 to the gearbox 21 , and in turn to the electricity generator 20 for driving thereof.
Electricity from the electricity generator 20 is relayed to a land based station by suitable cables (not shown).
The hydroelectricity generator 1 may be produced to any scale, from smaller scale versions to the larger scale versions. For example, it is envisaged that a relatively small scale version of the electricity generator 1 would be of length of approximately five metres and width of approximately three to four metres. The dimensions of larger scale hydroelectricity generators according to the invention within reason could be of any desirable length and width. It is envisaged that a medium size hydroelectricity generator according to the invention would be of size of
approximately twelve metres in length by ten metres in width. However, the hydroelectricity generator according to the invention, and the energy converter according to the invention are not to be limited to any particular dimensions. Referring now to Figs. 4 to 8, there is illustrated a hydroelectricity generator according to another embodiment of the invention, indicated generally by the reference numeral 40. The hydroelectricity generator 40 is substantially similar to the hydroelectricity generator 1 and similar components are identified by the same reference numerals. The main difference between the hydroelectricity generator 40 and the hydroelectricity generator 1 is in the primary transmission element, and the first and second primary carrier elements. In this embodiment of the invention the primary transmission element, instead of being provided by a primary transmission chain, comprises a primary transmission belt in the form of an endless steel rope 41 which is carried around first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44, respectively, which are mounted fast on the output shaft 10 and the idler shaft 11 , respectively. In this embodiment of the invention slots 45 are cut into each water engaging paddle 17 in order to accommodate the first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44 as the water engaging paddles 17 are being carried around the first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44. Pairs of abutment elements 46, which extend radially from the second primary pulleys 44 at equi-spaced apart intervals of 90° circumferentially engage the water engaging paddles 17 should the steel ropes 41 slip in the first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44, in order to minimise slippage between the ropes 41 and the first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44. Clamps 47 in the slots 45 engage the steel ropes 41 for clamping the water engaging panels 17 onto the ropes 41 at longitudinally spaced apart intervals.
In order to minimise slippage of the ropes 41 in the first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44, grooves 48 of the respective first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44 are lined with a rubber lining 49. The provision of the rubber lining 49 in the grooves 48 of the first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44 as well as minimising slip between the ropes 41 and the first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44 also reduces transmission noises between the ropes 41 and the first and second primary pulleys 43 and 44.
Otherwise, the electricity generator 40 and its use is similar to that already described with reference to the hydroelectricity generator 1 of Figs. 1 to 3. While the water engaging paddles 17 have been described as being coupled to the corresponding carrier members 30, it is envisaged in certain cases, that the water engaging paddles 17 may be pivotally coupled to the corresponding carrier members 30 so that the angle of attack of the water engaging paddles 17 to the flowing water could be selectively varied to compensate for variation in the flow rate of the stream of flowing water in order to maintain the speed at which the electricity generator 20 is driven substantially constant as the speed and kinetic energy of the flowing water varies. Alternatively it is envisaged that the chassis may be mounted on the floats to facilitate raising and lowering the chassis 3 relative to the floats 4, for in turn varying the area of the water engaging paddles 17 available to the flowing water, for similarly accommodating variation in the speed and kinetic energy of the flowing water. For example, the chassis may be carried on hydraulic or pneumatic rams mounted on the floats for raising and lowering the chassis relative to the floats. Alternatively, a screw-jack or screw-jack means may be provided for raising and lowering the chassis relative to the floats. When the chassis is raisable and lowerable relative to the floats, it is envisaged that maintenance of the hydroelectricity generator could be carried out with the chassis raised. As well as adjusting the height of the chassis relative to the floats for adjusting the area of the water engaging paddles 17 available to the flowing water, the level of the chassis relative to the floats would also be adjustable in order to avoid the water engaging paddles 17 touching the river bed or the sea bed. Such adjustment could be carried out when the hydroelectricity generator is being installed, and suitable control apparatus could also be provided for adjusting the level of the chassis above the floats in response to a falling or rising tide or a flooded river and the like.
It is also envisaged that in certain cases the paddles may be replaceable with paddles of different size, similarly to accommodate variation in the kinetic energy and speed of the flowing water. While the electricity generator has been described as being mounted on the chassis, the electricity generator may be mounted in any suitable location, and it is envisaged that in certain cases the electricity generator may be land mounted and in which case, an hydraulic or a pneumatic pump would be driven either directly or indirectly by the output shaft 10. An hydraulic or a pneumatic motor would be land mounted and coupled to the corresponding one of the hydraulic pump and the pneumatic pump for driving thereof through suitable hydraulic or pneumatic piping. The one of the hydraulic motor and the pneumatic motor would be mechanically coupled either directly or through a gearbox to the electricity generator, which would also be land based for generating electricity.
It is also envisaged that the hydroelectricity generator 1 according to the invention would be housed in a suitable protective housing for protecting the hydroelectricity generator from weather and other environmental hazards. The housing could be of any suitable material, for example, fibreglass, light gauge steel sheeting and the like. It is also envisaged that a strong steel mesh protective guard would be located adjacent the front of the hydroelectricity generator in order to protect the
hydroelectricity generator from flotsam, such as floating debris, trees, branches of trees and the like. It is also envisaged that channel iron steel may be secured to the floats. Indeed, it is also envisaged that Y-section steel and heavier channels may also be secured to the floats.
While the chassis has been described as being of steel, the chassis may be of any suitable material. Needless to say the floats 4 may also be of any suitable material, and typically, would be of a plastics material and may be formed by any suitable plastics forming process, for example, rotational moulding or the like. The water engaging paddles may be of any suitable material, and typically, would be of a relatively rigid plastics material.
While the energy converter according to the invention has been described for use in conjunction with an hydroelectricity generator, it is envisaged that the energy converter according to the invention may be used in other applications besides that of generating electricity. In which case, the rotational energy would be derived from the output shaft of the energy converter to drive other components.

Claims

Claims
1. An energy converter for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water to rotational energy, the energy converter comprising a chassis, a converting means adapted for converting linear motion into rotational motion, the converting means being mounted on the chassis and comprising a linearly moveable element and a rotatably mounted output shaft, the linearly moveable element co-operating with the output shaft for rotating the output shaft for producing the rotational motion from the linear motion, at least one water engaging element coupled to the linearly moveable element and adapted to extend into the stream of flowing water and being responsive to water flow therein for imparting linear motion to the linearly moveable element, and a mounting means adapted for maintaining the chassis relative to the stream of flowing water with the at least one water engaging element extending into the stream of flowing water.
2. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 1 in which the mounting means is adapted for maintaining the chassis relative to the stream of flowing water with the at least one water engaging element extending transversely of the direction of flow of the stream of flowing water.
3. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 1 or 2 in which the linearly moveable element comprises at least one endless primary transmission element carried on and extending around corresponding spaced apart rotatably mounted first and second primary carrier elements.
4. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 3 in which each first primary carrier element is mounted fast on the output shaft.
5. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 3 or 4 in which each second primary carrier element is mounted fast on a rotatably mounted idler shaft spaced apart from and extending parallel to the output shaft.
6. An energy converter as claimed in any of Claims 3 to 5 in which a pair of spaced apart primary transmission elements are provided, each primary transmission element being carried on a corresponding pair of first and second primary carrier elements.
7. An energy converter as claimed in any of Claims 3 to 6 in which each primary transmission element comprises a primary transmission chain, and the first and second primary carrier elements comprise respective first and second primary sprockets.
8. An energy converter as claimed in any of Claims 3 to 6 in which each primary transmission element comprises a primary transmission belt, and the first and second primary carrier elements comprise respective first and second primary transmission pulleys.
9. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 8 in which each primary
transmission belt comprises a primary transmission rope.
10. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 9 in which each primary
transmission rope comprises a steel transmission rope.
11. An energy converter as claimed in any preceding claim in which a secondary transmission means is provided for transmitting the rotational motion from the output shaft to one of an hydraulic pump, a pneumatic pump and an electricity generator.
12. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 11 in which an hydraulic pump is mounted on the chassis and is driven by the secondary transmission means.
13. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 12 in which the hydraulic pump is adapted for driving an hydraulic motor.
14. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 13 in which the hydraulic motor is adapted for mounting remote of the energy converter.
15. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 13 or 14 in which the hydraulic motor is adapted for land mounting.
16. An energy converter as claimed in any of Claims 13 to 15 in which the hydraulic motor is adapted for coupling to an electricity generator for generating electricity.
17. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 11 in which a pneumatic pump is mounted on the chassis and is driven by the secondary transmission means.
18. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 17 in which the pneumatic pump is adapted for coupling to a pneumatic motor.
19. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 18 in which the pneumatic motor is adapted for mounting remote of the energy converter.
20. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 18 or 19 in which the pneumatic motor is adapted for land mounting.
21. An energy converter as claimed in any of Claims 18 to 20 in which the pneumatic motor is adapted for coupling to an electricity generator for producing electricity.
22. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 11 in which an electricity generator is mounted on the chassis and is driven by the secondary transmission means.
23. An energy converter as claimed in any of Claims 11 to 22 in which the secondary transmission means comprises a gearbox.
24. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 23 in which the one of the hydraulic pump, the pneumatic pump and the electricity generator is driven through the gearbox.
25. An energy converter as claimed in any of Claims 11 to 24 in which the secondary transmission means comprises a secondary transmission element carried on and extending around first and second secondary carrier elements, the first secondary transmission elements being mounted fast on the output shaft, and the second secondary carrier element being mounted fast on an input shaft of the gearbox or an input shaft of one of the hydraulic pump, the pneumatic pump and the electricity generator.
26. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 25 in which the secondary transmission element comprises a secondary transmission chain, and the first and second secondary carrier elements comprise first and second secondary sprockets, respectively.
27. An energy converter as claimed in any preceding claim in which a plurality of water engaging elements are coupled to the linearly moveable element spaced apart longitudinally along the linearly moveable element.
28. An energy converter as claimed in any preceding claim in which each water engaging element extends transversely of each primary transmission element.
29. An energy converter as claimed in any preceding claim in which each water engaging element comprises a water engaging paddle.
30. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 29 in which each water engaging paddle is of arcuate shape.
31. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 29 or 30 in which each water engaging paddle is concave when viewed from the direction of water flow in the stream of flowing water.
32. An energy converter as claimed in any preceding claim in which each water engaging element is pivotally coupled to the linearly moveable element.
33. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 32 in which an adjustment means is provided for selectively adjusting the angle of attack of each water engaging element relative to the linearly moveable element.
34. An energy converter as claimed in any preceding claim in which a stabilising means is provided for stabilising the linearly moveable element adjacent each water engaging element.
35. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 34 in which each stabilising means comprises at least one stabilising roller adjacent the linearly moveable element engageable with a track extending parallel to the linearly moveable element.
36. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 35 in which a pair of spaced apart guide tracks are provided on respective opposite sides of the linearly moveable element for engaging respective opposite ends of each stabilising roller.
37. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 36 in which each stabilising roller extends outwardly at respective opposite side edges of the water engaging element for engaging an adjacent one of the guide tracks.
38. An energy converter as claimed in any of Claims 35 to 37 in which a pair of stabilising rollers are provided adjacent each water engaging element adjacent respective opposite faces thereof.
39. An energy converter as claimed in any preceding claim in which a water collecting tray is located adjacent each water engaging element for collecting water from the water engaging element, when the water engaging element is extending out of the stream of flowing water.
40. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 39 in which each water collecting tray is located adjacent the connection of the corresponding water engaging element with the linearly moveable element.
41. An energy converter as claimed in any preceding claim in which each water engaging element is of length greater than the spacing between the pairs of first and second primary carrier elements.
42. An energy converter as claimed in any preceding claim in which the linearly moveable element is adapted to move with rectilinear motion.
43. An energy converter as claimed in any preceding claim in which each water engaging element is coupled to the linearly moveable element to move with rectilinear motion.
44. An energy converter as claimed in any preceding claim in which the mounting means comprises at least one float for maintaining the chassis floating on the stream of flowing water.
45. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 44 in which the mounting means comprises a pair of spaced apart floats, and the chassis is mounted on and carried on the floats.
46. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 44 or 45 in which each float comprises an elongated float.
47. An energy converter as claimed in any of Claims 44 to 46 in which the floats are located on respective opposite sides of the chassis, and are adapted to extend in a direction substantially parallel to the direction of linear motion of the linearly moveable element.
48. An energy converter as claimed in any of Claims 44 to 47 in which the floats are adapted for mounting the chassis above the water level with the respective water engaging elements extending downwardly into the stream of flowing water.
49. An energy converter as claimed in any of Claims 44 to 48 in which at least one coupling means is provided on one of the chassis and the at least one float, the coupling means being adapted for coupling to an anchor cable.
50. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 49 in which one coupling means are provided on adjacent ends of the respective floats.
51. An energy converter as claimed in Claim 49 or 50 in which one coupling means is provided on each end of each float.
52. An energy converter as claimed in any preceding claim in which the converting means is adapted for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water resulting from tidal flow in an ocean to rotational energy.
53. An energy converter as claimed in any preceding claim in which the converting means is adapted for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water resulting from flow of water in a river.
54. A hydroelectricity generator comprising an energy converter as claimed in any preceding claim, and an electricity generator adapted to be powered by the rotational energy produced on the output shaft of the converting means.
55. A method for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water to rotational energy, the method comprising providing a chassis, providing a converting means adapted for converting linear motion into rotational motion, mounting the converting means on the chassis, and providing the converting means in the form of a linearly moveable element and a rotatably mounted output shaft with the linearly moveable element co-operating with the output shaft for rotating the output shaft for producing the rotational motion from the linear motion, coupling at least one water engaging element to the linearly moveable element, and mounting the chassis relative to the stream of flowing water with the at least one water engaging element extending into the stream of flowing water, so that the at least one water engaging element is responsive to water flow therein for imparting linear motion to the linearly moveable element.
PCT/IE2011/000042 2010-07-30 2011-07-29 An energy converter and a method for converting kinetic energy in a stream of flowing water to rotational energy, and a hydroelectricity generator WO2012014189A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108252847A (en) * 2018-01-08 2018-07-06 朱雪峰 A kind of more body activity paddle-type air wave power generating ships
WO2018158612A1 (en) * 2017-03-01 2018-09-07 Morovati Sharif Abadi Mostafa Wave energy convertor – bouyant paddels

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US4184807A (en) * 1978-07-10 1980-01-22 Berg George W Reversible hydraulic engine
DE3338132A1 (en) * 1983-10-20 1985-05-09 Temeco-Projects Handelsgesellschaft mbH & Co KG, 2803 Weyhe Turbo-machine, especially for low rates of flow
DE202006013818U1 (en) * 2006-09-09 2006-12-14 Winterfeld, Helmuth, Dipl.-Ing. Conveyor unit with scoop-like blades is floatable and drives an electricity generator mounted on it
DE102008015660A1 (en) * 2008-03-25 2009-10-01 Rös, Helmut Turbo engine for use as e.g. hydraulic engine in hydro-electric power plant, has energy conversion unit drive-connected with set of movable wings, and actuating lever and control bar provided for controllable pivoting of wings

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4184807A (en) * 1978-07-10 1980-01-22 Berg George W Reversible hydraulic engine
DE3338132A1 (en) * 1983-10-20 1985-05-09 Temeco-Projects Handelsgesellschaft mbH & Co KG, 2803 Weyhe Turbo-machine, especially for low rates of flow
DE202006013818U1 (en) * 2006-09-09 2006-12-14 Winterfeld, Helmuth, Dipl.-Ing. Conveyor unit with scoop-like blades is floatable and drives an electricity generator mounted on it
DE102008015660A1 (en) * 2008-03-25 2009-10-01 Rös, Helmut Turbo engine for use as e.g. hydraulic engine in hydro-electric power plant, has energy conversion unit drive-connected with set of movable wings, and actuating lever and control bar provided for controllable pivoting of wings

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018158612A1 (en) * 2017-03-01 2018-09-07 Morovati Sharif Abadi Mostafa Wave energy convertor – bouyant paddels
CN108252847A (en) * 2018-01-08 2018-07-06 朱雪峰 A kind of more body activity paddle-type air wave power generating ships

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