WO2012010615A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour faire fonctionner un véhicule qui comprend au moins un moteur électrique - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour faire fonctionner un véhicule qui comprend au moins un moteur électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012010615A1
WO2012010615A1 PCT/EP2011/062392 EP2011062392W WO2012010615A1 WO 2012010615 A1 WO2012010615 A1 WO 2012010615A1 EP 2011062392 W EP2011062392 W EP 2011062392W WO 2012010615 A1 WO2012010615 A1 WO 2012010615A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
energy
electric machine
electrical
drive unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/062392
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jens-Werner Falkenstein
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2012010615A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012010615A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18109—Braking
    • B60W30/18127—Regenerative braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/14—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric lighting circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B60L7/18—Controlling the braking effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/20—Braking by supplying regenerated power to the prime mover of vehicles comprising engine-driven generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/30—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/244—Charge state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/30—Auxiliary equipments
    • B60W2710/305—Auxiliary equipments target power to auxiliaries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • Method and device for operating a vehicle which comprises at least one electric machine
  • the invention relates to a method for operating a vehicle, which comprises at least one electric machine, wherein the electric machine is operated as a generator during a braking operation of the vehicle and at least partially as useful energy for supplying electrical consumers in the vehicle during regenerative operation by the electric machine is used and a device for carrying out the method.
  • Electric, hydraulic or hybrid vehicles usually have one or more drive units, such as electric or hydraulic motors, which are mechanically connected to at least one drive wheel, said drive units are powered by an energy storage with energy.
  • said drive units In a deceleration or braking of the vehicle while braking energy is recovered. This is done in which the drive unit is operated as a generator and the braking energy is stored in the energy storage.
  • the braking effect of the drive unit is used to relieve the service brake system of the motor vehicle and a power loss of the service brake system, e.g. due to overheating of brake discs and friction linings etc. to avoid.
  • the storage of the recovered braking energy in the energy storage is limited by the absorption capacity of the energy storage. If, for example, a driver of an electric vehicle embarks on an almost completely charged energy store, the electric machine can go on a longer decline not or only to a limited extent generate a braking effect, since the charged energy storage can not absorb the electrical energy generated by the electric machine while driving in generator mode.
  • the braking power in this case must be largely generated by the service brake system. There is thus the risk of overheating of the service brake system, associated with a high risk to the vehicle occupants and the vehicle environment.
  • Vehicle electrical energy is removed from the working as generators electric motors and is provided as useful energy the ancillaries of the vehicle.
  • the ancillaries can consume the useful energy provided only if the connection of the ancillaries by the driver or the vehicle occupant is desired or requires the vehicle state this.
  • Vehicle is generated by the at least one electric machine, but is not required by the currently operated according to the driving condition of the vehicle and / or the driver's electrical consumers as useful energy, by commissioning at least one additional electrical load of the vehicle and / or at least one additional drive unit of the Vehicle and / or converted by shifting the operating point of at least one electrical load and / or at least one drive unit of the vehicle into heat and dissipated to the environment, it is ensured that the excess amount of energy is completely reduced and the electric machine a maximum possible Braking assistance for the vehicle applies, for example, when the capacity of an energy storage is reduced.
  • the instantaneous cooling requirement of powertrains and consumers may determine the instantaneous power of a variable-power electrical coolant pump.
  • the electrical consumers currently actuated according to the driving state of the vehicle and / or the driver's request do not include the electrical consumers put into operation in accordance with the method according to the invention.
  • energy also means an amount of energy per unit of time in the sense of a service, ie the terms energy amount and useful energy also mean corresponding services such as an amount of power and a net output
  • the amount of energy is determined from the difference between the regenerated energy of the at least one electric machine and the current required by the driving state of the vehicle and / or the driver's request electrical consumers needed and / or recorded by one or more energy storage useful energy.
  • the determination of the difference amount of the energy generated by the electric machine in regenerative operation and the energy used by the electrical consumers or one or more energy stores allows a precise strategy, which further consumers or drive units put into operation and / or which consumers or drive units must be moved in its operating point to consume the difference calculated.
  • the useful energy corresponds to the energy that is currently available according to the driving state of the vehicle and / or the driver. wished actuated electrical consumers is required at the best possible efficiencies and / or the energy storage or the maximum can be accommodated.
  • the driving state of the vehicle or the driver's request determines which electrical consumers are actuated and with what power they are required. For example, this is done by the driver turning on an indoor fan and specifying one of several fan levels.
  • the useful energy is determined by the operation in operating points with the best possible degrees of efficiency is based on the operated according to the driving condition of the vehicle and / or the driver's request electrical consumers. This results in a basis or a defined starting point for the inventive shift of the operating points. This allows a precise strategy, as well as the consideration of the maximum of the energy storage recordable energy.
  • Potential consumers may include an air conditioning compressor, an interior electric heater, an electric heater for controlling the temperature of an aggregate, an electric cooling water heater, a window heater, a ventilation, a radiator fan, pumps, power steering, lighting, radio, controllers, a fuel cell compressor, and so on.
  • Useful energy can not be utilized, several consumers and / or drive units of the vehicle brought one after the other at different times in a changed operating point. This ensures that more electrical energy is converted into heat or heat energy, which is delivered to the environment of the motor vehicle.
  • An increased power can e.g. be achieved by an increase in the speed of a fan or a pump, a lower efficiency is obtained in an electric machine, e.g. by influencing the magnetization.
  • the additionally commissioned and / or shifted in the operating point, electrical consumers and / or drive units of the vehicle are monitored by a cooling system, which increases the power loss of the additionally commissioned and / or shifted at the operating point at least one electrical load and / or the at least one drive unit provides an increased cooling capacity.
  • a cooling system which increases the power loss of the additionally commissioned and / or shifted at the operating point at least one electrical load and / or the at least one drive unit provides an increased cooling capacity.
  • At least one energy store is charged only incompletely in order to absorb the energy generated during the braking process of the vehicle by the electrical machine operating in generator mode. This ensures that during a braking operation of the vehicle at least one energy storage device is capable of receiving the energy provided by the electric machine.
  • the starting state of charge of the at least one energy store is determined, for example, on the basis of the energy amount incurred during the preceding journeys, which is used as user energy. gie can not be utilized and / or on the basis of route data, such as a navigation device adapted
  • the amount of energy that is generated in the braking operation of the vehicle by the at least one electric machine is not required by the currently operated according to the driving condition of the vehicle and / or the driver's request electrical consumers, estimated when the at least one Energy storage and the actuated electrical consumers of the electric machine in the
  • Brake operation generated electrical energy still absorb when the absorption capacity of the at least one energy storage device falls below a predetermined threshold. Such an allowance allows a quick response to changes in braking power and protection of the energy storage by an overload of the energy storage and thus overheating of the same is avoided.
  • connection of the number of additional electrical loads or the additional drive units and / or the shift of the operating points of the number of electrical loads or the drive units takes place in dependence on the capacity of the at least one energy storage and / or the energy amount.
  • a further development of the invention relates to a device for operating a vehicle, which comprises at least one electric machine, wherein the electric machine is operated as a generator during a braking operation of the vehicle and the energy provided by the electric machine during generator operation as useful energy for the supply electrical
  • means are provided which an amount of energy generated in the braking operation of the vehicle by the at least one electric machine, but of the according to the driving condition of the vehicle and / or the driver's request operated electrical consumers is not required as useful energy, by commissioning at least one additional electrical load of the vehicle and / or at least one additional drive unit of the vehicle and / or by shifting the operating point of at least one electrical consumer and / or at least one drive unit of the vehicle to heat and dissipate to the environment. This ensures that the excess amount of energy is completely dissipated and the electric machine applies maximum possible brake assistance to the service brake system of the motor vehicle, e.g. if the absorption capacity of the at least one energy storage is limited.
  • the vehicle has a first electric machine as a drive unit, an energy store and a combination of an internal combustion engine and a second electric machine, wherein in the braking mode of the vehicle, the second electric machine is driven by the first electric motor and drags the internal combustion engine. Since the internal combustion engine is not ignited, but only rotates mechanically, the energy provided by the first electric machine during the braking process of the motor vehicle is converted into heat by the mechanical movement of the internal combustion engine and thus degraded.
  • a speed of the second electric machine varying control device is connected to the first electrical machine.
  • the change in the rotational speed of the second electric machine influences the rotational movement of the internal combustion engine and thus the amount of energy that is released as heat to the environment.
  • FIG. 1 schematic diagram of a hybrid vehicle with a range
  • the vehicle 1 shows a hybrid vehicle 1 with a serial drive with a first electric machine 2, which is connected to a serving as an energy storage battery 3 and a second electric machine 4.
  • the first electric machine 2 is connected via a differential gear 5 via drive shafts 6 to the drive wheels 7, 8 of the vehicle 1.
  • the second electric machine 4 is coupled to an internal combustion engine 9.
  • Such a combination of internal combustion engine 9 and second electric machine 4 is referred to as a range extender.
  • the internal combustion engine 9 drives the second electric machine 4, whose energy is used by the first electric machine 2 to drive the vehicle when the energy of the battery 3 is insufficient.
  • the second electric machine 4 can charge the battery 3 during generator operation, while the first electric machine 2 drives the drive wheels 7, 8 of the vehicle 1 via the differential gear 5.
  • first 2 and the second electric machine 4 are connected to a control unit 10, which controls the two electric machines 2, 4, the engine 9 and the battery 3.
  • the internal combustion engine 9 is switched off.
  • the energy required to drive the vehicle 1 is supplied by the battery 3 to the first electric machine 2.
  • the first electric machine 2 is operated as a generator, that is to say that the mechanical energy of the wheels 7, 8 is converted by the first electric machine 2 into electrical energy.
  • the electrical energy thus generated is absorbed by the battery 3.
  • the state of charge of the battery 3 increases, whereby the energy absorption capacity of the battery 3 is reduced.
  • the power consumption capacity of the battery 3 is also reduced.
  • the operating point of the range extender 4 9 is influenced by the control unit 10.
  • the second electric machine 4 is put into operation and operated by a motor. That is, the second electric machine 4 receives the electric power supplied from the first electric machine 2. Since the second electric machine 4 is fixedly coupled to the engine 9, the engine 9 is towed by the second electric machine 4, which means that the engine 9 rotates mechanically, but no fuel injection is initiated. This has the consequence that no ignition takes place in the internal combustion engine 9 and thus an independent movement of the internal combustion engine 9 is prevented.
  • the towing power of the internal combustion engine 9 and thus the electrical energy absorbed by the second electric machine 4 is varied as needed, so that always a maximum braking power by the first electric machine 2 is guaranteed.
  • the towing power of the internal combustion engine 9 can also be changed by influencing by a throttle valve. If required, an additional throttle valve, not shown, is used as an engine brake in the exhaust line of the internal combustion engine 9 in order to increase the towing power and the electrical energy absorbed by the second electric machine 4. By doing so, the first electric machine 2 generates braking power even if the battery 3 can not absorb energy or power.
  • the deterioration of the efficiency of an electrical component occurs when the absorption capacity of the battery 3 falls below a predetermined threshold. For example, this is done by the first electric machine 2 is brought by influencing the magnetization at a constant torque in a low-efficiency operating point and the mechanical energy of the wheels 7, 8 are largely converted into heat and dissipated to the environment.
  • the power of an electrical component is increased when the absorption capacity of the battery 3 falls below a predetermined threshold, e.g.
  • a predetermined threshold e.g.
  • an air conditioning compressor, a heat pump or a compressor for compressed air supply e.g. for a fuel cell system, can be operated at increased power.
  • the additional power is not used, but stored or converted into heat and discharged, for example via a radiator or a throttle point to the environment.
  • a braking action by the drive train can not or only partially be generated, a warning message is sent to the driver.
  • Another application for the solution according to the invention is when starting on a hill or a slope.
  • the approach to the mountain is carried out by a forward, ie uphill driving positive (positive) torque of the first electric machine 2 on the drive wheels 7, 8.
  • a forward movement, ie uphill there is a positive speed of the first electric Machine 2, connected to a motorized operation.
  • the vehicle 1 can roll backwards, ie downhill, during the starting process, connected to a negative rotational speed of the first electric machine.
  • positive torque and negative speed of the first electric machine 2 results in a regenerative operation, wherein the first electric machine 2 provides electrical energy. If this electrical energy can not be dissipated, the positive torque collapses and the vehicle 1 continues to accelerate backwards, ie downhill. A start in the forward direction is then no longer possible. This misconduct is reliably prevented by the method according to the invention.
  • Corresponding conditions arise in a desired by the driver, eg by a selector lever position "R" backwards, ie
  • the inventive solution can also be used in vehicles with hydraulic or pneumatic drive units, consumers and energy storage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour faire fonctionner un véhicule (1) qui comprend au moins un moteur électrique (2), le moteur électrique (2) fonctionnant comme un générateur lors d'un processus de freinage du véhicule (1) et l'énergie produite par le moteur électrique (2) en mode générateur étant utilisée comme énergie utile pour l'alimentation de consommateurs électriques dans le véhicule (1). Pour garantir une action de ralentissement ou encore de freinage du moteur électrique (2), décharger le système de freins de service du véhicule (1) et empêcher une baisse de puissance du système de freins de service, une quantité d'énergie, qui est produite en mode de freinage du véhicule (1) par ledit moteur électrique (2) mais dont les consommateurs électriques, actionnés en fonction de l'état de conduite du véhicule (1) et/ou du souhait du conducteur, ne nécessitent pas momentanément, est transformée en chaleur par la mise en service d'au moins un consommateur électrique supplémentaire du véhicule (1) et/ou d'au moins un groupe motopropulseur (4, 9) supplémentaire du véhicule (1) et/ou par déplacement du point de fonctionnement d'au moins un consommateur électrique et/ou d'au moins un groupe motopropulseur (4, 9) du véhicule (1), et évacuée dans l'environnement.
PCT/EP2011/062392 2010-07-20 2011-07-19 Procédé et dispositif pour faire fonctionner un véhicule qui comprend au moins un moteur électrique WO2012010615A1 (fr)

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DE102010031540A DE102010031540A1 (de) 2010-07-20 2010-07-20 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines Fahrzeuges, welches mindestens eine elektrische Maschine umfasst
DE102010031540.0 2010-07-20

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WO2012010615A1 true WO2012010615A1 (fr) 2012-01-26

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CN112297850A (zh) * 2020-10-23 2021-02-02 东风汽车股份有限公司 一种电机控制器失效模式下削弱冲击电流的方法

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FR2997056A1 (fr) * 2012-10-22 2014-04-25 Renault Sa "procede de commande d'un prolongateur d'autonomie dans un vehicule automobile a moteur electrique"
DE102018218398A1 (de) * 2018-10-26 2020-04-30 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Verfahren und Steuerungssystem zum Betreiben eines als Elektrofahrzeug oder Brennstoffzellenfahrzeug ausgebildeten Kraftfahrzeugs
FR3093080B1 (fr) * 2019-02-26 2021-03-05 Safran Helicopter Engines Architecture propulsive hybride-electrique et procédé de dissipation d’énergie électrique dans une telle architecture
WO2021254706A1 (fr) * 2020-06-16 2021-12-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de freinage pour véhicules à moteur électrique
DE102022119803A1 (de) 2022-08-05 2024-02-08 Zf Cv Systems Global Gmbh Verfahren für ein elektrisch antreibbares Fahrzeug, insbesondere Nutzfahrzeug, Computerprogramm und/oder computerlesbares Medium, Steuergerät, elektrisch antreibbares Fahrzeug, insbesondere Nutzfahrzeug

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CN112297850A (zh) * 2020-10-23 2021-02-02 东风汽车股份有限公司 一种电机控制器失效模式下削弱冲击电流的方法
CN112297850B (zh) * 2020-10-23 2021-11-30 东风汽车股份有限公司 一种电机控制器失效模式下削弱冲击电流的方法

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