WO2012010075A1 - 一种摇摆式双井抽油机 - Google Patents
一种摇摆式双井抽油机 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012010075A1 WO2012010075A1 PCT/CN2011/077300 CN2011077300W WO2012010075A1 WO 2012010075 A1 WO2012010075 A1 WO 2012010075A1 CN 2011077300 W CN2011077300 W CN 2011077300W WO 2012010075 A1 WO2012010075 A1 WO 2012010075A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- well
- swing
- motor
- pumping unit
- wire rope
- Prior art date
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010003805 Autism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020706 Autistic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
- E21B43/126—Adaptations of down-hole pump systems powered by drives outside the borehole, e.g. by a rotary or oscillating drive
- E21B43/127—Adaptations of walking-beam pump systems
Definitions
- the invention relates to a swing type double well pumping unit applied to an oil field oil well, and also relates to a coaxial joint multi-point driving double array oil well pumping unit.
- Cluster wells refer to drilling a number of ports or even hundreds of wells on a well site or platform. The wellheads are less than a few meters apart, and the well bottoms are extended to different orientations.
- Chinese patent CN101187304A discloses a high-reliability double-well pumping unit, which uses a reversing mechanism to connect with a power mechanism, and a power structure drives a reversing mechanism to perform a closed curve motion.
- the technology involves a speed reduction mechanism, a speed reduction belt, and a power chain. Wheels, driven sprocket, power chain, driven chain, and reversing links are all steel parts. Every action needs to be turned, there is rigid wear of steel parts, and the average pumping speed per minute is 3- Four calculations, millions of times of reversing rigid uninterrupted friction every year, the existing materials are difficult to meet such use conditions, which will inevitably lead to frequent shutdowns, replacement of wearing parts, and increased operating costs.
- Chinese Patent No. 200510046026.0, CN1664305A discloses an "electronic-electric-mechanical integrated traction pumping unit", which eliminates the speed reducer, the efficiency can reach more than 90%, and the stroke and the stroke can be stepless.
- the operation is accurate and stable, direct drag, low speed and large torque, the same volumetric efficiency and other superior performance, unique features such as no-power parking autism, the risk is continuous working all-weather open-air operation, There is no data on the functional stability and longevity of the electronic components of the control system from the north to the south of the climate change ambient temperature, the wet dew point on the ocean.
- the shortcomings are: Can not be used for double well pumping.
- a counterweight that matches the end of the sucker rod is required, that is, when the weight of one end of the pumping unit is 18 tons, the other end also requires a balance weight of about 18 tons. Only one end works, and the other end loses power.
- the telescopic mechanism of the head is composed of the guide rail, the handle and the screw at the upper part of the rack.
- the one end of the load carrying object is a cantilever end, and the processing precision is high.
- the guide screw needs to be lubricated and lubricated, and the manufacturing and installation cost is high.
- Another type of ultra-low-consumption double-well pumping unit disclosed in Chinese patent CN2356162Y uses a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic cylinder, a fuel tank, a commutator, and is connected to a sucker rod through a top fan.
- the hydraulic cylinder piston rod is composed of a hydraulic pump and a motor. Provides power to control the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod through the reversing valve.
- the machine has the following deficiencies: 1) Hydraulic cylinder piston rod and commutator need to be replaced frequently under continuous working conditions; 2) Fuel tank, hydraulic pump, hydraulic cylinder piston rod rubber seal is easy to aging, oil leakage and pressure under open air operation Unstable; The organization has one well that cannot be operated, shut down, and affects efficiency when one of the wells is overhauled; the mechanism uses four concentrically fixed equal-phase arc-shaped segments with large dimensions, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive to install and process.
- Chinese patent CN201092849Y discloses a chain type double well pumping unit, which adopts a chain drive mechanism.
- the transmission chain of the reducer drives the drive chain on the sprocket in the gear box through the sprocket drive to drive the connection in the upper and lower guide rails.
- the horizontal movement of the frame realizes the double well pumping, but there are obvious deficiencies: 1) The mechanism involves the reducer and the gearbox is added at the same time. The mechanical transmission efficiency is low. Due to the long-term need for oil lubrication, oil leakage imagination often occurs.
- Chinese patent CN1157527C discloses a "clustered multi-well interactive self-balancing electro-hydraulic integrated intelligent pumping unit", which adopts hydraulic components such as hydraulic pump, hydraulic cylinder, stroke control flow valve, fuel tank, hydraulic line, overflow valve, etc.
- the speed regulating motor drives the oil pump, and the liquid cylinder drives the sucker rods of the plurality of wells connected to the rope through the guiding wheel to reciprocate up and down.
- the tank, overflow valve and stroke control slide valve need to be replaced frequently under continuous working conditions; the fuel tank, hydraulic pump and hydraulic cylinder piston rod rubber seal are easy to age and leak under the open air operation, making the system pressure unstable;
- the associated cluster wells are all shut down; the stroke height and the distance between the adjacent two wells are difficult to coordinate with the stroke control slide valve.
- the stroke requirement is large, the well spacing is near, it cannot be equipped; the stroke height and the adjacent two ports The spacing of the wells is difficult to coordinate with the stroke control spools. When the stroke requirements are large, the well spacing is near and cannot be equipped.
- Russian patent RU2205978C2 discloses a "chain-driven double-well pumping unit".
- the motor converts the rotary motion of the reducer from the driven shaft to the reciprocating wheel through a driving wheel mounted on the driven shaft of the reducer and a driven wheel on the housing. Movement, the driven wheel is rotatable relative to its geometrical axis, and is coupled to the driven wheel by a plate-like chain that is placed on the sprocket, and is connected to the plate-like chain from one side through the shaft pin hinge, and the other side is vertically mounted on the balance.
- crank link at the lower end of the device can swing relative to the vertical plane, and through the fixed radial head, the movable radial head, the hanger, the sucker rod of the wellhead, the pulley, the hinge head, the bracket, the hanger, the linkage of the oil well,
- the pulley, hinge head and bracket are linked to the two (or four) pump rods of the pump.
- the main disadvantages are as follows: 1. Each steel part is subjected to long-term rigid gear chain friction friction wear under heavy load conditions, and the service life is reduced. 2.
- the plate chain, the pin hinge, the drive sprocket and the driven sprocket on the sprocket are exposed for a long time, and the dust and sand are easy to attach, causing wear and frequent maintenance. 3.
- the dust and sand are easy to attach, causing wear and frequent maintenance. 3.
- the invention aims to provide a swing type double well arrangement pumping unit and a well assembly thereof, and solve the problem mentioned in the technical background (1), and solve the problem that the energy consumption on the other side of the beam pumping unit has not been done for a long time; (2) Solving the technical problems of high cost, poor practicability, frequent maintenance, complicated controller and complicated operation caused by frequent positive and negative reversal of the sprocket chain in the existing double well pumping unit. .
- the swing type double well pumping unit is composed of a motor and one or more double well pumping units, and the double well pumping unit includes an A well bracket and a B well bracket, and a main crane is arranged in the middle of the A well bracket and the B well bracket.
- the double well pumping unit further comprises a transmission shaft, a crank wheel, a crank connecting rod, a swing rod and a traction assembly, wherein the crank wheel is connected to the motor through the transmission shaft, and one end of the crank connecting rod and the crank wheel The other end is connected with the lower part of the swing rod through the shaft pin, and the swing head is horizontally fixed to the swing head of the main hanger.
- the upper part of the swing rod is fixedly butted with a swing head, and the swing head is provided with steel a wire rope hole, the traction assembly comprising a sheave disposed at the top of the A well support, a wire rope wound around the A well, a rope wheel at the top of the B well support, and a B well wire rope wound thereon, the A well
- the wire rope and the B wire rope are fixedly linked with the wire rope hole, and the other end is respectively linked with the pumping rod of the corresponding oil well through respective suspension ropes.
- the A well wire rope and the B well wire rope may also be selected from a thin steel wire belt or a multi-layer non-woven fabric belt.
- the motor is a large torque switched reluctance motor or a permanent magnet homogenizing motor
- the transmission shaft is a motor main shaft, and the crank wheel is coaxial with the motor main shaft;
- the motor is an isoelectric motor, the output of the isoelectric motor is further A speed reducer is coupled, the drive shaft further includes an output shaft of the reducer, and the crank wheel is coaxial with the output shaft of the reducer.
- the traction assembly further includes a traction compensation weight, the traction compensation weight is disposed at the oil well of the larger load, and the weighted wire rope is connected to the suspension rope and the suspension rope.
- wells A and B work at the same time.
- the load in well A is large, (for example, well A is an inclined well and well B is a straight well).
- the oscillating head is further provided with a pitch adjusting hole; when the wire rope hole is two or more, the adjusting hole can be doubled by the steel wire tying; the main pylon is provided with a utility for adjusting the oscillating bearing fixing Multiple swing head bearing holes in position.
- a crank arm is fixedly disposed on the crank wheel, and the crank wheel is connected to the crank link via a shaft pin via a crank pin, and the connection between the crank arm and the crank link extends beyond the outer circumference of the crank wheel.
- the lower portion of the swinging rod is provided with a plurality of swing rod shaft pin holes for adjusting the fixed position of the swing rod shaft pin; the crank arm is provided with a plurality of shaft pin holes.
- the above-mentioned motor generally selects a permanent magnet homogenizing motor, and the crank wheel is coaxial with the permanent magnet coaxial motor spindle, which can eliminate the link of the reducer and maximize the working efficiency.
- the above motor can also specifically adopt a switched reluctance motor, the overall efficiency is up to 95%; the stepless speed regulation is realized in the range of 0-maximum speed; the low starting current, the high starting torque, the starting current is lower than 30% of the rated current, The starting torque reaches 200% of the rated torque, and there is no difference in the starting current of the motor.
- Constant current 5-7 times phenomenon; frequent start and stop and forward and reverse conversion; control system circuit structure is simple, high reliability, motor rotor without winding, high mechanical strength; maintain constant torque operation within rated speed, speed 5 ⁇ The moment is stable, the speed fluctuation is less than 0.15%.
- the power factor is high and there is no need to increase the reactive power compensation device.
- Both the A well bracket and the B well bracket top sheave are provided with a sheave seat and a sheave seat slide rail.
- the length of the sheave seat slide rail ensures that the sheave seat along the sheave seat slide rail can be from the side of the top of the well bracket Move to the other side; the mobile mode can be manually moved directly, or it can be rotated by the worm and worm; it is equipped with a workover counterweight for the workover.
- the A well bracket and the B well bracket top may also be fixedly provided with a support plate, and the support plate is provided with a rotating shaft parallel to the rope wheel axis, so that the rope wheel can rotate on the vertical plane with the rotating shaft, which also ensures Give up space during workover.
- the above-mentioned double-well pumping unit has a plurality of units, and the transmission shafts of each double-well pumping unit are sequentially connected in series through a coupling and a clutch, and the clutch has a clutch pedal.
- the clutch pedal is depressed, the clutch is disengaged from transmitting power, the load is removed, and after the repair is completed, the power is transmitted through the clutch, and the pumping unit resumes operation.
- a permanent magnet homogenizing motor directly drives the double well pumping. No need for frequent positive and negative reversal, the motor is in a uniform motion state, high operational reliability, easy control, and low maintenance cost.
- the two oil wells are driven by independent steel wire ropes. Avoid a sudden breakage of the sucker rod of one well and damage another well. This structure does not require rewinding of the wire rope to ensure the service life of the wire rope.
- crank wheel can be coaxial with the permanent magnet motor or the output shaft of the reducer driven by the different motor.
- the production capacity of the pumping unit can be achieved even when the power source is a different speed motor with a reducer Double the load and reduce the energy consumption per unit of oil recovery by 1/2-1/3.
- the clutch, coupling and clutch pedal make the single swing double shaft form a row of double wells at the same time, increasing production. Reduce energy consumption and reduce maintenance and technical maintenance costs.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention (a static equilibrium state when the load of the A well is larger than the load of the B well).
- Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the first embodiment of the present invention (a schematic diagram of the compensation weight of the A-side suspension traction when the A well is large).
- Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the first embodiment of the present invention (a schematic diagram of the well-duty weighting suspension of the B-well side during the B-well work-over).
- Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of the present invention (a schematic view of a main hanger).
- Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a second embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing another structure of the top of the stent of the present invention (taking the B well bracket as an example).
- the crank wheel is used as the core transmission component, and the crank wheel is fixedly disposed on the crank wheel.
- One part of the crank arm extends out of the outer circumference of the crank wheel.
- the permanent magnet is used as the power source, and the permanent magnet is used as the power source.
- the drive shaft, the crank wheel and the permanent magnet of the permanent magnet motor are coaxial; or the isoelectric motor is selected as the power source, the crank wheel is coaxial with the power output shaft of the reducer driven by the different motor; and the crank connecting rod and the crank connecting rod are provided.
- crank arm One end is connected with the crank arm through the (crank arm) shaft pin, and the other end is coupled with the lower part of the swing rod through the swing rod axle pin; according to the working principle of the crank wheel, the cooperation of the crank link with the crank wheel and the swing rod should ensure that when the motor is
- the oscillating head can swing to the left and right in the vertical plane at the main hanger with the oscillating bearing as the yaw pivot at the time of forward or reverse rotation.
- crank wheel 3 on the drive shaft 2 of the motor 1 is equipped with a crank arm 4 connected to the crank link 6-end (crank arm) shaft pin 5, and the other end is connected to the swing pin and the swing rod 8 Connection, through the type of the crank wheel 3, the rotary motion is converted into a left and right reciprocating rocking motion.
- One end of the crank connecting rod is provided with a crank arm through a crank shaft pin, and the other end is connected to the swing rod through a shaft pin.
- the swing rod 8 is pivoted to the swing head bearing 10, and is rigidly fixed on the left and right swing heads 901 and 902. 10 is mounted on the main hanger 1603 which is swingable relative to the vertical plane, and the wire ropes 1201, 1202 of the left and right wells are respectively mounted on the adjusting hole 11 on the oscillating head, and the other end is connected and suspended by the sheaves 1301 and 1302 on the left and right brackets.
- the ropes 1401, 1402, the two pumping rods are linked, so that the motor rotates once and both pumping pumps are working.
- Double-row wells work at the same time, increasing production, reducing energy consumption, and reducing maintenance and technical maintenance costs.
- a plurality of pitch adjustment holes 11 may be disposed on the left and right swing heads 901 and 902. Different pitch control holes 11 may change the lift height of the sucker rods, and the A well shaft wire rope 1201 and the B oil well wire rope 1202 have one end from the respective The corresponding position adjusting hole 11 passes through, and the other end is connected to the A well suspension 1401 via the A well sheave 1301 on the A well bracket 1601, and the B well end passes the B well sheave 1302 and B on the B well bracket 1602.
- the well suspensor 1402 is connected.
- the oscillating bearing 10 on the oscillating weight 8 also has a plurality of mounting positions, and the up and down movement of the selected mounting position changes the amplitude of the oscillating weight, thereby changing the lifting height of the sucker rod.
- the operation state of the other well while the well is being repaired is as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
- the ferrule clamp is stuck on the polished rod and supported on the ground, on the suspension rope.
- the wire rope can be freely detached, and the A sheave seat 131 and the A sheave seat slide 1311 described above are not moved, and the B sheave seat 132 on the B well bracket 1602 is moved from the side of the B sheave seat slide 1321.
- the suspension workover weight can be suspended by three types. Method, 1. The weight is suspended from the center of the wellhead (ie, the left side of the bracket 1602); 2.
- the weight can also be suspended at the distance L from the center of the wellhead (ie, the right side of the bracket 1602); At the same time, the weight is suspended at the L; in the method 1, when the S is suspended at the S, the B well weight wire rope 12022 is connected to the B well weight rope wheel 13022 and the wire rope pitch hole 11 is linked, and the other end is repaired with all the weights; 2 When reworking the L spacing, it is not necessary to re-rope After the load is removed from the suspension rope, the wire rope is unwound, and only the B sheave seat 132 is moved. The B oil well wire rope 1202 is unloaded from the other end of the B well suspension device 1402 by the load of the B well sucker rod 1502.
- the third method is to suspend the counterweight at the S and L positions. Immediately after the load is removed, the counterweight wire rope is put on, and the suspension is fitted. Heavy, at the same time, remove the suspension rope B oil well wire rope to hang up and take out the weight, the two weights at the same time balance with the A well load, so that it works normally. Re-reset after the completion of the workover.
- a well weight chute 1801, B well weight chute 1802, can quickly weigh the weight (A well compensation weight 1701, A well workover weight 17011, B well compensation weight 1702, B well workover weight 17022,) from A The left side of the well bracket 1601, the B well bracket 1602 is moved to the right side.
- the A well bracket and the B well bracket top may have another arrangement.
- the counterweight is hung on the bracket, and the angle of rotation of the pumping drum is from a1 to a2, which directly opens the workover space and quickly completes the sucker rod during workover.
- Unloading and counterweight loading after the completion of the workover, unload the configuration block, restore the angle of the pumping drum, return from a2 to a, re-hang the pumping rod polished rod, and quickly restore the normal pumping state.
- a swing type double well arrangement pumping unit applied to a double-row well as shown in FIG. 5, a clutch 21, a coupling 22, a clutch pedal 23, the clutch 21 is provided with a crank wheel 3, a crank arm 4, ( a crank arm 5; the coupling 22 connects the transmission shaft 2 on the motor 1 at a multi-point, and the clutch pedal 23 disengages the transmission torque through the clutch pedal 23 when the load is removed, the one column
- the double-row wells transmit power in a positive and negative manner.
- FIG. 6 another structure of a swinging double well (arrangement) pumping unit applied to a double well or a double row well still uses a crank wheel as a core component of the transmission mechanism, and is coaxial with the crank wheel.
- the ⁇ motor shaft can also be the output shaft of the reducer, but this type of swaying double well (arrangement) pumping unit is especially used in the case of double well load balancing, especially for small pumping units with small strokes and high strokes. .
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Description
一种摇摆式双井抽油机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种应用于油田油井的摇摆式双井抽油机, 也涉及一种同轴 联接多点驱动双排列油井抽油机。
背景技术
现有的油井, 大多数采用一机一井配置, 少数采油双井一机配置, 在高 原沟壑地带, 因平地稀缺, 多采用定向斜井构成排列式井, 人工岛上土地资 源有限, 多采用排井, 采油一机双井乃至多井抽油可大大降低能源消耗, 降 低采油成本, 节约设备投资。 各油田公司积极推广占地面积少、 利用效率高 的丛式井组应用, 取得明显效果, 丛式井是指在一个井场或平台上, 钻出若 干口甚至上百口井, 各井的井口相距不到数米, 各井井底则伸向不同方位。
我国现行的抽油机标准 SY/T5044-2003《游梁式抽油机》是参考美国石油 学会 1993年颁布 API spiel IE《抽油机规范》基础上结合现实生产和使用情况 修订完成的, 减速机额定扭矩 M, 悬点最大载荷 P, 最大冲程 S是抽油机的 3 个主要参数, 采用 PS/M=C (常数:), 随着生产条件的变化, 比如抽油杆直径、 泵径、 冲次、 冲程、 下泵深度等改变, C值发生改变, 三种参数按不同等级 的搭配形成了 77 (API spicllE) 种和 28种 (SY/T5044-2003)不同规格的抽油 机(C值通常在 3-12间), 上述各型号均为单机单井结构, 仅一侧抽油, 另一 侧消耗能源, 使抽油机单位功率价格大, 抽油效率低下, 与低碳经济相悖。
中国专利 CN101187304A公开的一种高可靠性的双井抽油机, 采用换向 机构与动力机构连接, 动力结构驱动换向机构作封闭曲线运动, 该项技术涉 及有减速机构、 减速皮带、 动力链轮、 从动链轮、 动力链条、 从动链条、 换 向链节, 均为钢质件, 每次动作需转向, 存在钢制件刚性磨损, 按平均每分 钟抽油机的冲次 3-4次计算,每年几百万次的换向刚性不间断摩擦,现有材料 很难满足这样的使用条件, 必然带来频繁停机, 更换易损件, 运行成本增加。
中国专利 200510046026.0, CN1664305A公开了一种 "电子-电气-机械一 体化曳引式抽油机", 省去了减速机, 效率可达 90%以上, 冲程、 冲次无级可
同歩无齿轮曳引机, 运行精确平稳, 直接拖动、 低速大转矩、 同等体积 效率大等优越性能, 无功耗停车自闭等独到的特点, 其风险为连续工作制全 天候露天作业, 从北到南气候变化环境温度海洋上的潮湿露点等对控制*** 电子元件功能稳定性和寿命的影响, 尚无数据。 但存在的不足是: 不能用于 双井抽油。 需要与抽油杆一端相匹配的平衡重, 即当抽油机一端悬挂的重量 为 18吨时, 另一端也需大约 18吨的平衡配重。 仅一端做功, 另一端无功损 耗。 机头伸缩机构由机架上部的导轨、 手柄、 螺杆组成, 承载提升物一端为 悬臂端, 加工精度要求高, 导轨螺杆需要加油润滑, 制造、 安装成本高。
中国专利 CN2356162Y公开的另一种衡式超低耗双井抽油机采用液压泵、 液压缸、 油箱、 换向器、 通过顶部扇体与抽油杆连接, 液压缸活塞杆由液压 泵和电机提供动力, 通过换向阀控制液压缸活塞杆往返运动。 该机存在下列 不足: 1 ) 液压缸活塞杆、 换向器在连续工作条件下需频繁更换; 2) 油箱、 液压泵、 液压缸活塞杆橡胶密封件在露天作业下易老化、 漏油、 压力不稳; 该机构存在当其中一口井检修时, 另一口井不能工作, 停工, 影响效率; 该 机构使用尺寸较大的 4个同心固定的等相位圆弧扇形体, 安装、 加工费时费 力。
中国专利 CN201092849Y公开的一种链条式双井抽油机, 采用的链条驱 动机构, 减速机的传动链条经链轮传动带动齿轮箱内的链轮上的驱动链条再 带动卡在上下导轨内的连接架水平运动, 实现了双井抽油, 但存在明显不足: 1)该机构涉及减速机同时还另增加有齿轮箱,存在机械传动效率低下, 因长期 需要油润滑,时常出现漏油想象, 2)传动链条和驱动链条两种链条和多个链轮、 因传动需要链条驱动还是链条, 对链条的质量要求高, 长期处于野外工作环 境下, 沙粒等灰尘附着表面, 影响使用寿命, 3)驱动链条经链条连接销轴接的 连接架需卡在上下导轨做水平运动, 每个冲程一次摩擦, 金属间的摩擦滑动, 很容易磨损发热, 加速变形损坏。
中国专利 CN1157527C公开了一种 "丛式多井互动自平衡机电液一体化 智能抽油机", 采用液压泵、 液压缸、 行程控制流阀、 油箱、 液压管线, 溢流 阀等液压元件, 通过调速电机驱动油泵, 液缸通过柱塞经导向轮带动连接在 绳索上的多口井的抽油杆做上下往复运动。 存在下列不足: 液压缸柱塞、 油
箱、 溢流阀、 行程控制滑阀在连续工作条件下需频繁更换; 油箱、 液压泵、 液压缸活塞杆橡胶密封件在露天作业下易老化、 漏油, 使***压力不稳; 当 其中一口井检修时, 相关联的丛式井全部停工; 冲程高度与相邻两口井的间 距与行程控制滑阀协调困难, 当冲程要求大时, 井间距近时, 无法配备; 冲 程高度与相邻两口井的间距与行程控制滑阀协调困难, 当冲程要求大时, 井 间距近时, 无法配备。
俄罗斯专利 RU2205978C2公开了一种 "链条驱动双井抽油机", 电机通 过装在减速器的从动轴上的主动轮和壳体上的从动轮将减速机从动轴的旋转 运动转换为往复运动, 从动轮可相对于其几何轴旋转, 并通过套在链轮上的 板状链条与从动轮联动, 从一侧通过轴销铰链连接在板状链条上, 而另一侧 垂直装在平衡器下端的曲柄连杆可相对于垂直面摆动, 并通过固定径向头, 可动径向头, 吊架, 井口的抽油杆, 滑轮, 铰链头, 支架, 吊架, 油井的联 动杆, 滑轮, 铰链头和支架与抽油泵的两个 (或 4个) 泵杆联动。 主要缺点 是: 1、 各钢制件在重载荷状态下经受长期刚性齿轮链条间啮合摩擦磨损, 使用寿命降低。 2、 套在链轮上的板状链条、 轴销铰链、 主动链轮及从动链轮 长期暴露在外, 灰尘砂石易于附上, 造成磨损, 需频繁维护。 3、 一口井修井, 另一口井正常工作时, 需平衡配重等装置无法实现。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种摇摆式双井排列抽油机及其排井组合, 解决技术背 景中提及的 (1)、解决长期以来游梁式抽油机另一侧消耗能源不做功问题; (2), 解决现有双井抽油机存在有链轮链条易磨损变形液压缸泄漏及控制时需频繁 正反转带来的成本高、 实用性差、 维修频繁、 控制器复杂繁琐等技术问题。
本发明的提供的技术方案如下:
摇摆式双井抽油机, 由电机和一至多个双井抽油机组构成, 所述双井抽 油机组包括 A井支架和 B井支架, A井支架、 B井支架的中间设置有主吊架, 其特殊之处在于: 所述双井抽油机组还包括传动轴、 曲柄轮、 曲柄连杆、 摆 杆和牵引组件, 曲柄轮通过传动轴与电机连接, 曲柄连杆的一端与曲柄轮通 过轴销配合连接, 另一端通过摆杆轴销与摆杆下部连接, 摆杆中部设置有水 平固定于主吊架上的摆头轴承, 摆杆上部固定对接有摆头, 摆头上设置有钢
丝绳系孔, 所述牵引组件包括设置于 A井支架顶部的绳轮及绕接其上的 A井 钢丝绳、 B井支架顶部的绳轮及绕接其上的 B井钢丝绳, 所述 A井钢丝绳、 B 井钢丝绳的一端均与钢丝绳系孔固定链接, 另一端分别通过各自的悬绳器与 对应油井的抽油光杆链接。
所述 A井钢丝绳、 B井钢丝绳也可以选择细钢丝皮带或多层无纺布皮带。 若上述电机为大扭矩的开关磁阻电机或永磁同歩电机, 则所述传动轴为 电机主轴, 曲柄轮与电机主轴同轴; 若电机为异歩电机, 则该异歩电机输出 端还配合连接有减速机, 所述传动轴还包括该减速机输出轴, 曲柄轮与减速 机输出轴同轴。
上述牵引组件还包括牵引补偿配重, 该牵引补偿配重设置于较大载荷的 油井处, 经配重钢丝绳绕接绳轮与悬绳器链接。 例如, A井、 B井同时工作, 当 A井载荷较大时, (比如 A井为斜井, B井为直井), 在 A井支架的右侧, 坠 有牵引补偿配重, 平衡掉 A井部分重量, 保证 B井悬绳器下的载荷与 A井悬 绳器下载荷静态时处于平衡状态。
上述摆头上还设置有调距孔; 当所述钢丝绳系孔为两个或两个以上时, 调距孔可以由钢丝绳系孔兼作; 所述主吊架上设置有用以调整摆头轴承固定 位置的多个摆头轴承孔。 通过选择不同位置的调距孔以及摆头轴承孔, 可以 根据需要 (同时或有选择地) 改变 A、 B两侧的冲程。
上述曲柄轮上固定设置有曲柄臂, 所述曲柄轮经曲柄臂与曲柄连杆通过 轴销连接, 该曲柄臂与曲柄连杆的连接处伸于曲柄轮圆周外沿。 所述摆杆下 部设置有用以调整摆杆轴销固定位置的多个摆杆轴销孔; 所述曲柄臂上设置 有多个轴销孔。 当需要曲柄连杆活动范围较大时, 只需匹配足够长的曲柄臂, 曲柄臂的末端通过 (曲柄臂) 轴销与曲柄连杆连接即可, 这样, 就可以减小 曲柄轮的尺寸。
上述电机一般选择永磁同歩电机, 曲柄轮与永磁同歩电机主轴同轴, 这 样可省去减速机的环节, 使得工作效率最大化。
上述电机具体还可采用开关磁阻调速电动机, 整体效率达 95%; 在 0-最 高转速范围内实现无极调速; 低启动电流, 高启动转矩, 启动电流低于额定 电流的 30%, 启动转矩达到额定转矩的 200%, 没有异歩电机启动电流大于额
定电流 5-7倍现象; 可频繁起停及正反转变换; 控制***电路结构简单, 工 作可靠性高, 电机转子无绕组, 机械强度高; 在额定转速内保持恒转矩运行, 转速转矩稳定, 转速波动小于 0. 15%。 功率因素高, 不需增加无功补偿装置。
上述 A井支架和 B井支架顶部绳轮处均设置有绳轮座和绳轮座滑轨, 绳 轮座滑轨的长度保证绳轮座沿绳轮座滑轨能够从井支架顶部的一侧移动到另 一侧; 移动方式可采用手动直接移动方式, 也可以采用涡轮蜗杆手搖旋转方 式; 另配备有修井配重, 以备修井所需。
上述 A井支架和 B井支架顶部也可以均固定设置支撑板, 支撑板上设置 有与绳轮轴线平行的转动轴, 使得绳轮能够以该转动轴在竖直平面上转动, 这样也保证了在修井时让出空间。
当油井布置为双排井时, 上述双井抽油机机组为多个, 各双井抽油机机 组的传动轴通过联轴器和离合器依次串接, 离合器具有离合器踏板。 当某口 井需要修井时, 踩下离合器踏板, 离合器脱离传递动力, 卸掉载荷, 维修完 毕后通过离合器重新传递动力, 抽油机恢复工作。 本发明具有如下优点:
1.一台永磁同歩电机直接驱动双井抽油。不需频繁正反转, 电机处于匀速 运动状态, 运行可靠性高, 控制简便, 维修成本低。
2.安全快捷卸载加载, 设计有配重补偿装置, 当一口井需要维修时, 无需 重新穿绳、 绕绳, 快速移动绳轮座, 让出维修空间; 而另一口油井与配重补 偿相互平衡, 可正常工作。
3.两口油井分别采用独立钢丝绳传动。 避免了一口油井的抽油杆突然断 裂, 而损坏另一口井。 此结构不必钢丝绳复绕, 保证了钢丝绳的使用寿命。
4. 所述曲柄轮可以与永磁同歩电机同轴也可以与异歩电机驱动的减速机 输出轴同轴。
5.将油田传统的减速机带动的驴头游梁的上下往复运动磕头机,转变为无 减速机的直接拖动同歩电机的左右摇摆运动,节能 40-60%,设备重量减少 1/3, 日常维护成本降低约 1/2, 基建成本降低 1/2。
6. 即使在动力源为异歩电机带有减速机情况下, 也可将抽油机的生产量
提高一倍, 并可将一个采油重量单位的能耗降低 1/2-1/3, 经离合器、 联轴器、 离合器踏板使其单独的摇摆双井构成一列双排井同时工作, 提高生产量, 减 少能耗, 降低维修和技术维护费用。
附图说明
图 1为本发明的实施例 1的结构示意图 (当 A井的载荷大于 B井载荷时 的静态平衡状态)。
图 2为本发明的实施例 1的结构示意图 ( A井载荷大时 A井侧悬挂牵引 补偿配重示意图)。
图 3为本发明的实施例 1的结构示意图 (B井修井时 B井侧修井配重悬 挂示意图)。
图 4为本发明的实施例 1的结构示意图 (主吊架示意图)。
图 5为本发明的实施例 2的结构示意图。
图 6为本发明的实施例 3的结构示意图。
图 7为本发明的支架顶部的另一种结构示意图 (以 B井支架为例)。
附图标号说明:
1-电机, 2-传动轴, 3-曲柄轮, 4-曲柄臂, 5- (曲柄臂) 轴销, 6-曲柄连 杆, 7-摆杆轴销, 8-摆杆, 901-左摇摆头, 902-右摇摆头, 10-摆头轴承, 11- 钢丝绳调距孔, 1201-A油井钢丝绳, 12011-A油井配重钢丝绳, 1202-B油井 钢丝绳, 12022-B油井配重钢丝绳, 131-A绳轮座, 1311-A绳轮座滑轨, 1301-A 井绳轮, 13011-A井配重绳轮, 132-B绳轮座, 1321-B绳轮座滑轨, 1302-B 井绳轮, 13022-B井配重绳轮, 1401-A井悬绳器, 1402-B井悬绳器, 1501-A 井抽油杆, 1502-B井抽油杆, 1601-A井支架, 1602-B井支架, 1603-主吊架, 1701-A井补偿配重, 17011-A井修井配重, 1702-B井补偿配重, 17022-B井 修井配重, 1801-A井配重滑槽, 1802-B井配重滑槽, 19-控制柜, 20-底座, 21-离合器, 22-联轴器, 23-离合器踏板; 24- (与绳轮轴线平行的) 转动轴; 321-抽油滚筒 (绳轮), 322-配重滚筒 (配重绳轮)。
L一当修井配重悬挂中心处于油井支架外侧(对于 B井来说, 即附图中 B 井支架的右侧) 时, 油井口中心与修井时修井配重悬挂中心处的距离; 一般 应大于 500mm;
S—当修井配重悬挂中心处于油井支架内侧(对于 B井来说, 即附图中 B 井支架的左侧) 时, 油井口中心与修井时修井配重悬挂中心处的距离; 由于 油井井架距油井口中心的距离一般都设计大于 500mm, 自然, 修井空间大于 500mm。 具体实施方式
本发明以曲柄轮作为核心传动部件, 曲柄轮上固定设置有曲柄臂, 曲柄 臂其中一部分伸出曲柄轮的圆周外沿, 一般选择永磁同歩电机作为动力源, 永磁同歩电机主轴作为传动轴, 曲柄轮与永磁同歩电机主轴同轴; 或者选择 异歩电机作为动力源, 曲柄轮与异歩电机驱动的减速机的动力输出轴同轴; 另有曲柄连杆, 曲柄连杆一端通过 (曲柄臂) 轴销与曲柄臂配合连接, 另一 端通过摆杆轴销与摆杆下部配合连接; 根据曲柄轮工作原理, 曲柄连杆与曲 柄轮、 摆杆的配合应保证当电机在始终正转或反转时摆头能够以摆头轴承为 摇摆支点在主吊架处垂直平面上左右摆动。
如图 1所示 (当 A井的载荷大于 B井载荷时的状态; 如果两口油井载荷 相当时则不需悬挂补偿配重 1701及相关的绳 12011 ),摇摆式双井排列抽油机, 包括驱动机构和左右摇摆机构, 电机 1传动轴 2上的曲柄轮 3装有曲柄臂 4 与曲柄连杆 6—端经 (曲柄臂) 轴销 5连接, 另一端经摆杆轴销 7与 摆杆 8 连接, 通过曲柄轮 3的型式使旋转运动转换为左右往复摇摆运动。 曲柄连杆 的一端通过曲柄轴销装有曲柄臂, 另一端通过轴销连接摆杆, 摆杆 8以摆头 轴承 10为摇摆支点, 刚性固定在左右摆头 901、 902上, 经摆头轴承 10装在 相对于垂直面可摆动的主吊架 1603上, 左右井的钢丝绳 1201、 1202分别一 端装在摆头上的调距孔 11, 另一端经左右支架上的绳轮 1301、 1302连接悬绳 器 1401、 1402, 两个抽油光杆联动, 这样, 电机旋转一圈, 两个抽油泵都在 工作。 从而可将抽油机的生产量提高一倍, 并可将一个采油重量单位的能耗 降低 1/2-1/3, 经离合器、 联轴器、 离合器踏板使其单独的摇摆双井构成一列 双排井同时工作, 提高生产量, 减少能耗, 降低维修和技术维护费用。
左右摆头 901、 902上可设置有多个调距孔 11, 不同的调距孔 11可改变 抽油杆的提升高度, A油井钢丝绳 1201、 B油井钢丝绳 1202, 一端从各自的
相应位置调距孔 11穿过, 另一端经 A井支架 1601上的 A井绳轮 1301 与 A 井悬绳器 1401连接, B井一端则经 B井支架 1602上的 B井绳轮 1302 与 B 井悬绳器 1402连接。
摆杆 8上的摆头轴承 10也有多个安装位置, 其选择的安装位置的上下移 动可改变摆头幅度, 从而改变抽油杆提升高度。
A井补偿配重 1701、 B井补偿配重 1702, 平时分别置于 A井支架 1601 和 B井支架 1602内, 当其中一口井载荷明显大于另一口井时, 取出相应重量 的配置给予补偿, 比如 A井, A油井配重钢丝绳 12011、 包括设置于 A井支 架 1601上 A井配重绳轮 13011、, 该 A井配重绳轮 13011上绕有 A油井配重 钢丝绳 12011,所述 A油井配重钢丝绳 12011的一端与 A井补偿配重 1701相 连接, 所述 A油井配重钢丝绳 12011的另一端经 A井配重绳轮 13011连接至 A井悬绳器 1401。 (B井亦然)
如图 2、 图 3、 图 4所描述 B井修井时另一口井继续工作时的运行状态, 当停机卸下载荷后, 即套箍卡子卡住光杆并支撑在地面后, 悬绳器上的钢丝 绳可自由卸下, 以上所述的 A绳轮座 131、 A绳轮座滑轨 1311不动、 B井支 架 1602上的 B绳轮座 132从 B绳轮座滑轨 1321的一侧移动到支架的另一侧, 对准螺孔重新固定, 让开井上垂直空间, B井修井配重 17022和 B井补偿配 重 1702从支架 1602中取出, 悬挂修井配重可采用三种悬挂方法, 1、 与油井 口中心距离 S处 (即支架 1602左侧) 悬挂配重; 2、 也可在与油井口中心距 离 L处(即支架 1602右侧)悬挂配重; 3、 S处和 L处同时悬挂配重; 方法 1 中在 S处悬挂时需将 B油井配重钢丝绳 12022绕接 B井配重绳轮 13022与钢 丝绳调距孔 11链接,另一端挂修井全部配重;方法 2在修井让开的 L间距时, 可以不需要重新绕绳, 从悬绳器卸下载荷后, 解下钢丝绳, 仅移动 B绳轮座 132即可, B油井钢丝绳 1202经 B井悬绳器 1402的另一端卸下 B井抽油杆 1502所挂的载荷, 重新挂上修井时对应的配重, 即 B井修井配重 17022, 方 法 3是 S处和 L处同时悬挂配重, 是在停机卸下载荷后, 立即穿上配重钢丝 绳, 悬挂配重, 同时卸下悬绳器 B油井钢丝绳挂上取出配重, 两处配重同时 与 A油井载荷保持平衡, 使其正常工作。 修井结束后重新复位。
A井配重滑槽 1801、 B井配重滑槽 1802、 可快速将配重 (A井补偿配重 1701、 A井修井配重 17011、 B井补偿配重 1702、 B井修井配重 17022、)从 A
井支架 1601、 B井支架 1602的左侧移动到右侧。
如图 7所示, A井支架、 B井支架顶部可以有另一种设置形式。 修井时, 挂光杆的悬绳器卸载后, 经配重滚筒挂上支架内配重, 抽油滚筒旋转角 度从 al至 a2, 直接让开修井空间, 快速完成修井时的抽油杆卸载和配重 块加载, 修井完成后将配置块卸载, 恢复抽油滚筒角度, 从 a2回至 al, 重新挂上抽油机光杆, 快速恢复正常抽油状态。
实施例 2:
应用于双排井的摇摆式双井排列抽油机, 如图 5所示, 离合器 21、 联轴 器 22、 离合器踏板 23, 所述的离合器 21上置有曲柄轮 3、 曲柄臂 4、 (曲柄 臂) 轴销 5; 所述联轴器 22将电机 1上的传动轴 2多点连接, 所述的离合器 踏板 23, 当卸下载荷时, 通过离合器踏板 23脱离传递扭矩, 所述的一列双排 井其传递动力为正反转方式。
实施例 3 :
如图 6所示, 应用于双井或双排井的摇摆式双井 (排列)抽油机的另一种结 构, 仍然采用曲柄轮作为传动机构的核心部件, 与曲柄轮同轴的是同歩电机 轴也可以是减速机输出轴, 但此种形式的摇摆式双井 (排列) 抽油机特别应 用于双井负荷平衡的情况使用, 特别适用冲程小冲次高的小型抽油机群使用。
Claims
1、 一种摇摆式双井抽油机, 由电机和一至多个双井抽油机组构成, 所述 双井抽油机组包括 A井支架和 B井支架, A井支架、 B井支架的中间设置有 主吊架, 其特征在于: 所述双井抽油机组还包括传动轴、 曲柄轮、 曲柄连杆、 摆杆和牵引组件, 曲柄轮通过传动轴与电机连接, 曲柄连杆的一端与曲柄轮 通过轴销配合连接, 另一端通过摆杆轴销与摆杆下部连接, 摆杆中部设置有 水平固定于主吊架上的摆头轴承, 摆杆上部固定对接有摆头, 摆头上设置有 钢丝绳系孔, 所述牵引组件包括设置于 A井支架顶部的绳轮及绕接其上的 A 井钢丝绳、 B井支架顶部的绳轮及绕接其上的 B井钢丝绳,所述 A井钢丝绳、 B井钢丝绳的一端均与钢丝绳系孔固定链接, 另一端分别通过各自的悬绳器 与对应油井的抽油光杆链接。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的摇摆式双井抽油机, 其特征在于: 所述电机为 同歩电机, 所述传动轴为电机主轴, 曲柄轮与电机主轴同轴; 或者所述电机 为异歩电机, 该异歩电机输出端还配合连接有减速机, 所述传动轴还包括该 减速机输出轴, 曲柄轮与减速机输出轴同轴。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的摇摆式双井抽油机, 其特征在于: 所述牵引组 件还包括牵引补偿配重, 该牵引补偿配重设置于较大载荷的油井处, 经配重 钢丝绳绕接绳轮与悬绳器链接。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的摇摆式双井抽油机, 其特征在于: 所述摆头上 还设置有调距孔; 当所述钢丝绳系孔为两个或两个以上时, 调距孔可以由钢 丝绳系孔兼作; 所述主吊架上设置有用以调整摆头轴承固定位置的多个摆头 轴承孔。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的摇摆式双井抽油机, 其特征在于: 所述曲柄轮 上固定设置有曲柄臂, 所述曲柄轮经曲柄臂与曲柄连杆通过轴销连接, 该曲 柄臂与曲柄连杆的连接处伸于曲柄轮圆周外沿。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的摇摆式双井抽油机, 其特征在于: 所述摆杆下 部设置有用以调整摆杆轴销固定位置的多个摆杆轴销孔; 所述曲柄臂上设置 有多个轴销孔。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的摇摆式双井抽油机, 其特征在于: 所述电机为 永磁同歩电机。
8、 根据权利要求 6所述的摇摆式双井抽油机, 其特征在于: 所述电机为 开关磁阻电机。
9、 根据权利要求 7或 8所述的摇摆式双井抽油机, 其特征在于: A井支 架和 B井支架顶部绳轮处均设置有绳轮座和绳轮座滑轨, 且双井抽油机组配 备有修井配重。
10、 根据权利要求 7或 8所述的摇摆式双井抽油机, 其特征在于: A井 支架和 B井支架顶部均固定设置有支撑板, 支撑板上设置有与绳轮轴线平行 的转动轴, 使得绳轮能够以该转动轴在竖直平面上转动。
11、 根据权利要求 1任一所述的摇摆式双井抽油机, 其特征在于: 所述 双井抽油机机组为多个, 各双井抽油机机组的传动轴通过联轴器和离合器依 次串接。
12、 根据权利要求 12所述的摇摆式双井抽油机, 其特征在于: 所述离合 器具有离合器踏板。
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CN103452530A (zh) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-12-18 | 福建省意科电气科技有限公司 | 一种轮式抽油机的钢丝绳紧固安装座 |
CN104565242A (zh) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-04-29 | 董少明 | 对称循环链条抽油机传动装置 |
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CN201874536U (zh) * | 2010-07-21 | 2011-06-22 | 崔钢都 | 一种摇摆式双井抽油机 |
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