WO2011150854A9 - 谐振杆制造方法、谐振杆及腔体滤波器 - Google Patents

谐振杆制造方法、谐振杆及腔体滤波器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011150854A9
WO2011150854A9 PCT/CN2011/075128 CN2011075128W WO2011150854A9 WO 2011150854 A9 WO2011150854 A9 WO 2011150854A9 CN 2011075128 W CN2011075128 W CN 2011075128W WO 2011150854 A9 WO2011150854 A9 WO 2011150854A9
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Prior art keywords
iron
powder
resonant rod
nickel
manufacturing
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PCT/CN2011/075128
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2011150854A1 (zh
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赵可沦
申风平
万冰冰
周彦昭
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深圳市大富网络技术有限公司
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Priority to US13/701,511 priority Critical patent/US9196947B2/en
Publication of WO2011150854A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011150854A1/zh
Publication of WO2011150854A9 publication Critical patent/WO2011150854A9/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C33/00Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P11/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P11/008Manufacturing resonators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B22F5/106Tube or ring forms
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P11/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P11/001Manufacturing waveguides or transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P11/002Manufacturing hollow waveguides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P7/00Resonators of the waveguide type
    • H01P7/06Cavity resonators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • Resonance rod manufacturing method Resonant rod and cavity filter
  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of microwave communications, and in particular, to a resonant rod and a method of fabricating the same, and to a cavity filter using the resonant rod.
  • the cavity filter As a kind of passive filter, the cavity filter has good anti-interference and wide adaptability, and is widely used in the field of mobile communication.
  • the cavity filter includes a cavity and a cover plate, and the cavity has a plurality of cavities, each of which accommodates a resonant rod, so that a plurality of resonant rods are used in one cavity filter.
  • the resonant rod in the cavity filter has an irreplaceable role.
  • the resonant rod is a key component that affects the performance of the cavity filter. Therefore, there are strict requirements for the processing and manufacturing of the resonant rod.
  • invar rod resonator a special Invar iron-nickel metal alloy material, a very small coefficient of thermal expansion (less than 10- 6 / ° C in average coefficient of thermal expansion around room temperature And it has good plasticity.
  • invar is traditionally manufactured by fusion casting.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that the mechanical processing cost required to prepare a resonant rod by using Invar ingot is expensive due to the complicated shape of the resonant rod in the microwave radio frequency device and the high precision requirement. (high raw material loss) and limited production efficiency.
  • Invar smelting has the defects of alloy composition segregation, coarse and uneven casting structure, which greatly increases the preparation cost of the resonant rod and limits its application in microwave resonators.
  • the traditional cold heading process is mainly used to make parts such as bolts, nuts, nails, rivets and steel balls.
  • the forging material can be copper, aluminum, carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel and titanium alloy, and the material utilization rate can reach 80 ⁇ 90%.
  • the existing resonant rod material has to meet the requirements of hardness and expansion coefficient, so it cannot be processed by a cold heading process.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a resonant rod manufacturing method, the resonant rod Manufacturing methods include:
  • the iron-nickel alloy powder having a weight ratio of 88% to 98%, the iron-based iron powder having a weight ratio of 1% to 8%, and the nickel carbonyl powder having a weight ratio of 1% to 8% are mechanically uniformly mixed;
  • the mixed powder after the hooking is subjected to a molding process to form a resonant rod blank
  • the resonant rod blank is subjected to continuous sintering and annealing heat treatment.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a resonant rod comprising an iron-nickel alloy having a weight ratio of 88% to 98%, a weight ratio of 1% to 8%, and a weight ratio. It is 1% ⁇ 8% of the base nickel.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide a cavity filter including the above-described resonant rod.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a resonant rod, comprising: an iron-nickel alloy with a weight ratio of 88% to 98%, a weight ratio of 1% to 8%, a weight of iron, weight a resonance rod blank made of 1% to 8% of a base of nickel and a lubricant having a weight ratio of 1% to 4% of the total amount of the iron-nickel alloy, the rebel iron, and the repellent nickel; Perform cold heading processing;
  • the cold-rolled resonant rod is heat treated.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a resonant rod, comprising: placing a metal powder in a molding die;
  • the metal resonance rod formed by pressing is demolded and sintered.
  • the utility model has the beneficial effects that: the resonance rod provided by the embodiment of the invention and the manufacturing method thereof are different from the prior art, the iron-nickel alloy powder prepared by the powder metallurgy technology is pressed or injection-molded, and the performance is excellent by the heat treatment process.
  • Iron-nickel alloy microwave resonant rod Compared with the traditional casting method, the alloy composition can be minimized, and the microstructure defects of the coarse and uneven hooks can be eliminated, thereby improving the performance index and stability of the corresponding products. At the same time, it is also a kind of less cutting-free process, which can realize the net near forming and automatic mass production of the resonant rod, thereby effectively reducing the consumption of raw materials.
  • the resonant rod manufacturing method provided by the embodiment of the invention can manufacture a resonant rod whose hardness, expansion coefficient and toughness meet the requirements, and the method of cold heading processing reduces the loss of materials and improves the processing efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method of manufacturing a resonant rod according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a resonant rod according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a photomicrograph of the microstructure of the resonant rod shown in Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing a resonant rod according to still another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing a resonant rod according to still another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method for manufacturing a resonant rod according to still another embodiment of the present invention
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a resonant rod.
  • the method for manufacturing the resonant rod includes: the iron-nickel alloy powder having a weight ratio of 88% to 98%, and a weight-respecting iron powder of 1% to 8%;
  • the recalcitrant nickel powder having a weight ratio of 1% to 8% is mechanically uniformly mixed; the uniformly mixed powder is subjected to molding treatment to be formed into a resonance rod blank; and the resonance rod blank is subjected to continuous sintering and annealing heat treatment.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a resonant rod comprising an iron-nickel alloy in a weight ratio of 88% to 98%, a carbonyl iron in a weight ratio of 1% to 8%, and a weight ratio of 1% to 8%.
  • Nickel carbonyl in a weight ratio of 88% to 98%, a carbonyl iron in a weight ratio of 1% to 8%, and a weight ratio of 1% to 8%.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide a cavity filter including the above-described resonant rod.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a method for manufacturing a resonant rod, comprising: an iron-nickel alloy with a weight ratio of 88% to 98%, a weight ratio of 1% to 8%, and a weight ratio of 1% to 8
  • Responsive rod blank is made of % nickel carbonyl and a lubricant having a weight ratio of 1% to 4% of the total amount of the iron-nickel alloy, ruthenium iron, and mercapto nickel; the billet is continuously sintered and annealed and heat-treated An iron-nickel alloy rod; the rod is subjected to cold heading; and the cold-rolled resonant rod is heat-treated.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a resonant rod, comprising: placing a metal powder in a molding die; pressing a metal powder in the molding die by a press to form a metal resonant rod; and forming a metal resonant rod by pressing Demolding and sintering treatment.
  • a method for manufacturing a resonant rod the flow chart of which is shown in FIG. 1 and includes:
  • step S1 the iron-nickel alloy powder with a weight ratio of 88% to 98%, the iron-based iron powder with a weight ratio of 1% to 8%, and the repellent nickel powder with a weight ratio of 1% to 8% are mechanically and uniformly mixed.
  • the weight ratio of the iron-nickel alloy powder is preferably 92 to 96%
  • the weight ratio of the carbonyl iron powder is preferably 2-4%
  • the weight ratio of the nickel-based nickel powder is preferably 2-4%.
  • the weight ratio of the iron-nickel alloy powder is 94%
  • the weight ratio of the iron-based iron powder is 3%
  • the weight ratio of the nickel-based nickel powder is 3%.
  • the iron-nickel alloy powder, the carbonyl iron powder, the nickel carbonyl powder, and the stearic acid lubricant in the weight ratio of 1% to 4% by weight of the iron-nickel alloy powder are mechanically and uniformly mixed by a mechanical ball milling mixing process.
  • the mechanical ball milling mixing process can use a zirconia ball as a ball milling medium, the ball to material ratio can be set to 10:1, and the ball milling time range is 5-12 hours.
  • the above ball ratio and ball milling time can be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • the steps for preparing the iron-nickel alloy powder are described below:
  • pure iron and pure nickel are selected, and an alloy powder containing 36% by weight of nickel and 64% by weight of iron is prepared by ultra-high pressure water atomization or gas atomization technology, and then dehydrated, dried, sieved.
  • the high-purity iron-nickel alloy powder of 36% Ni-64% Fe is obtained by the steps of high-temperature reduction of raw powder, powder crushing, sieving, batching, etc., and the alloy powder is in the form of spherical or agglomerated particles.
  • the purity of pure iron is preferably greater than 99.95%
  • the purity of pure nickel is preferably greater than 99.6%.
  • the stearic acid lubricant can exert a good internal lubrication effect on the alloy powder to reduce the friction between the powders.
  • the stearic acid lubricant comprises from 1% to 4%, most preferably 2% by weight of the iron-nickel alloy powder.
  • the above nickel carbonyl powder and carbonyl iron powder are high-purity powder particles having a unique crystal structure and a very low carbon content, which can be an ideal composite material mixed with an iron-nickel alloy powder, and their dendritic surfaces enable them to Closely combined with large particles, a stable and uniform distribution is formed before the powder is sintered, and it can be diffused with other powders in the subsequent sintering process, and finally a precision component with a balanced metallurgical structure can be formed to ensure thermal expansion of the resonant rod product.
  • the coefficient plays an important role.
  • step S2 the mixed powders which have been uniformly mixed are subjected to a molding process to be molded into a resonance rod blank.
  • the mixed powder is placed in a molding die, press-molded at a pressure of, for example, a 100-ton hydraulic press, and then demolded to obtain a once-formed iron-nickel alloy resonance rod blank.
  • the mixed powder is placed in a high pressure injection molding machine for one injection molding, and a once formed iron-nickel alloy resonance rod blank is also obtained.
  • the forming press can be manually fed according to the actual situation, or can be automatically fed.
  • step S3 the resonant rod blank is subjected to continuous sintering and annealing heat treatment.
  • the maximum sintering temperature range for continuous sintering of the resonant rod blank is 1250-1550 ° C, and the sintering time is 3-10 hours; in the annealing heat treatment, hydrogen is used as the reducing gas, and the annealing temperature range is 1050- At 1250 ° C, the annealing time is 5-12 hours. After that, it can be made not only very High density, and no need for subsequent machining of iron-nickel alloy resonant rods.
  • the preferred maximum sintering temperature range is 1350-1450 V
  • the sintering time is 3-6 hours
  • the annealing temperature range is 1100-1200 V
  • the annealing time is 5-8 hours.
  • the most preferred maximum sintering temperature is 1400 ° C
  • the sintering time is 4 hours
  • the annealing temperature is 1150 ° C
  • the annealing time is 6 hours.
  • the stearic acid lubricant described above has been vaporized at a high temperature after the above-described steps of primary molding and continuous sintering, and the stearic acid lubricant component is substantially absent in the iron-nickel alloy resonance rod.
  • the heat-treated iron-nickel alloy resonance rod is plated, first plated with copper, and then silver plated.
  • the plated one-shot iron-nickel alloy resonant rod can be directly mounted in the cavity filter.
  • the high-purity iron-nickel alloy powder prepared by the ultra-high pressure atomization technology is used as the main-purpose mixed-powder powder to form a resonant rod at a time, and a reasonable sintering and annealing heat treatment process is used to prepare a high net shape.
  • Performance iron-nickel alloy microwave resonant rod which minimizes the segregation of alloy composition and eliminates the microstructure defects of coarse and uneven hooks, thereby improving the performance index and stability of the corresponding products, greatly improving product quality and production efficiency. To a lesser extent, raw material losses are reduced, saving the cost of machining.
  • the molding size of the once-formed iron-nickel alloy resonant rod is in good agreement with the material properties, it can be directly used for debugging in a microwave resonator.
  • Application example 1 88% high-purity iron-nickel alloy powder prepared by powder metallurgy technology, 6% carbonyl iron powder, 6% of ruthenium-based nickel powder and 1-2% of the total powder amount of stearic acid powder lubrication Agent, once pressed, after continuous sintering (maximum sintering temperature is 1450 ° C, sintering time is 10 hours) and reducing atmosphere (H2) annealing heat treatment process (annealing temperature is 1150 ° C, annealing time is 12 hours), after plating An iron-nickel alloy resonance rod having an outer diameter of 10.0 mm and a height of 11.8 mm was obtained. The test results show that the single-chamber resonance frequency reaches 2900MHz and the temperature drift is less than 0.32MHz.
  • a resonant rod 10 is shown in FIG. 2, and the resonant rod has a height H and an outer diameter D.
  • the resonant rod 10 includes an iron-nickel alloy having a weight ratio of 88% to 98%, a ruthenium iron having a weight ratio of 1% to 8%, and a nickel carbonyl having a weight ratio of 1% to 8%.
  • the iron-nickel alloy, the ruthenium iron and the nickel carbonyl are pressed or injection molded into a resonance Rod.
  • the resonance rod made by the above-mentioned ratio of iron-nickel alloy, carbonyl iron and nickel carbonyl nickel by one molding process greatly reduces the loss of raw materials and saves the cost of machining.
  • the weight ratio of the iron-nickel alloy is preferably 92 to 96%, the weight ratio of the iron-based iron is preferably 2-4%, and the weight ratio of the nickel-based nickel is preferably 2-4%. Most preferably, the weight ratio of the iron-nickel alloy is 94%, the weight ratio of the iron-based iron is 3%, and the weight ratio of the nickel carbonyl is 3%.
  • the iron-nickel alloy, the carbonyl iron and the nickel carbonyl are uniformly mixed in a powder form to form a resonant rod.
  • the powder of the iron-nickel alloy is spherical or agglomerated particles.
  • the crystal size of the resonant rod is less than 50 microns on average, and the grain distribution is densely densified, thus ensuring the test performance of the corresponding microwave resonant rod.
  • FIG. 3 shows a micrograph of the microstructure of the resonant rod shown in FIG. 1, that is, a metallographic diagram.
  • the iron-nickel alloy contains 36% by weight of nickel and 64% by weight of iron, and the powder of the iron-nickel alloy is prepared by ultra-high pressure water atomization or gas atomization.
  • a high-purity iron-nickel alloy microwave resonator with a high-purity iron-nickel alloy powder prepared by an ultra-high pressure atomization technique is used to form a resonant rod with a single-shot mixed powder, thereby preparing a net-like high-performance iron-nickel alloy microwave resonant rod. Minimize the segregation of alloy components, eliminate coarse and uneven microstructure defects, and improve the performance index and stability of the corresponding products.
  • a resonant rod comprising an iron-nickel alloy in a weight ratio of 88% to 98%, a carbonyl iron in a weight ratio of 1% to 8%, and a nickel carbonyl in a weight ratio of 1% to 8%, and an iron-nickel alloy or a carbonyl iron And nickel carbonyl is uniformly mixed in a powder form to form a resonance rod.
  • a high-performance iron-nickel alloy microwave resonant rod prepared by uniformly mixing a powder-formed resonant rod mainly composed of iron-nickel alloy powder is used to minimize the segregation of the alloy composition, eliminate coarse and uneven The microstructure defects of the hooks improve the performance index and stability of the corresponding products.
  • the weight ratio of the iron-nickel alloy is 92% to 96%
  • the weight ratio of the carbonyl iron is 2% to 4%
  • the weight ratio of the nickel-based nickel is 2% to 4%.
  • Iron-nickel alloy with weight ratio 36% nickel and 64% by weight of iron, and the iron-nickel alloy powder is prepared by ultra-high pressure water atomization or gas atomization technology, which is spherical or agglomerated particles.
  • the resonant rod has an average grain size of less than 50 microns and the grain distribution is dense.
  • a cavity filter includes the above resonant rod.
  • the invention also provides another method for manufacturing the resonant rod, as shown in FIG. 4, comprising: Step S1: an iron-nickel alloy with a weight ratio of 88% to 98%, and a weight ratio of 1% to 8% Resonant rod blank made of carbonyl iron, nickel carbonyl with a weight ratio of 1% to 8%, and a lubricant having a weight ratio of 1% to 4% of the total amount of the iron-nickel alloy powder, the iron-based iron powder, and the repellent nickel powder .
  • the iron-nickel alloy described in this step is prepared by using ultra-high pressure water atomization or gas atomization technology with pure iron having a purity greater than 99.95% and pure nickel having a purity greater than 99.96%, and finally forming iron-nickel of fine particles.
  • the alloy powder is subjected to a process of dehydration, drying, fractionation, high-temperature reduction of powder, powder crushing, fractionation, batching and the like to obtain a 36% Ni high-purity iron-nickel alloy powder.
  • the high-purity iron-nickel alloy powder is mechanically mixed with powdered carbonyl iron, nickel carbonyl and a lubricant, and the lubricant in the invention is mainly used for promoting the mixing of the above various metal powders and alloy powders.
  • the lubricant can be selected from stearic acid lubricant, paraffin wax, polyvinyl alcohol and other lubricants with the same effect.
  • the uniformly mixed powder is placed in a molding die, and pressed by a hydraulic press under heavy pressure. Forming, the pressure of the heavy pressure should not be less than the gravity generated by 100 tons of material, and then demolded to obtain an iron-nickel alloy blank of a resonant rod.
  • Step S2 The billet is subjected to sintering and annealing heat treatment to form an iron-nickel alloy rod.
  • Step S3 The bar is subjected to cold rolling processing to make the resonant rod cold-formed.
  • the iron-nickel alloy rod is subjected to cold heading processing.
  • a cold heading die is prepared, and the equipment parameters of the cold heading machine are set in combination with the mold of the product, and then the iron-nickel alloy rod is put into the rod, and the alloy rod is pressed according to the specification of the resonant rod.
  • Cutting, hoe, Accumulation, forming, chamfering, twisting, shrinking, trimming, and then cold or cold extrusion complete the formation of the resonant rod, and perform the cutting without cutting or cutting for the once formed resonant rod.
  • Step S4 heat-treating the cold-rolled resonant rod.
  • the step of heat-treating the cold-formed product is not taken.
  • heat treatment of the formed resonant rod can obtain high density and high gloss.
  • Resonant rod without subsequent machining.
  • the resonant rod is electroplated, and copper is first plated on the surface of the resonant rod, and then the resonant rod is plated with silver.
  • the plated resonant rod has good surface smoothness to avoid energy absorption and interference from the rough surface to the microwave.
  • Application Example 2 water atomized iron-nickel alloy powder in a weight ratio of 98%, carbonyl iron powder in a weight ratio of 1%, nickel carbonyl powder in a weight ratio of 1%, and a weight ratio of the iron-nickel alloy powder, carbonyl group
  • a lubricant of 1% of the total amount of iron powder and ruthenium nickel powder is a compound, and a billet of a resonance rod is prepared.
  • the lubricant may be a stearic acid lubricant, a paraffin wax or a polyvinyl alcohol. In the present embodiment, stearic acid is used.
  • Lubricant in this step, pure iron containing >99.95% iron and pure nickel containing >99.96% nickel, alloy powder containing 36% Ni prepared by ultra-high pressure water atomization technology or vapor atomization technology Then, a high-purity iron-nickel alloy powder of 36% Ni is obtained by dehydration, drying, sieving, high-temperature reduction of powder, powder crushing, sieving, batching and the like.
  • the high-purity iron-nickel alloy powder is mechanically mixed with the rebel iron powder, the nickel carbonyl powder and the stearic acid lubricant to be uniformly refined, and then the uniformly mixed powder is placed in a molding die, and the molding pressure of the hydraulic press is not less than 100 tons. The next press molding is carried out, and then demolded to obtain an iron-nickel alloy blank of a resonant rod.
  • the billet is sintered and heat-treated to form an iron-nickel alloy rod.
  • the sintering temperature for sintering the billet is set to 1350 ⁇ 1550 ° C, the sintering time is 3 ⁇ 10 hours; after the sintering is completed, H 2 Annealing as a reducing gas, the annealing temperature is set to 1050 ⁇ 1250 ° C, and the annealing time is 5 ⁇ 12 hours.
  • the sintering temperature of the billet was set to 1550 ° C
  • the sintering time was set to 10 hours
  • the annealing temperature was set to 1250 ° C
  • the annealing time was set to 12 hours. Finish the processing of iron-nickel alloy rods.
  • the iron-nickel alloy bar impact toughness index was 227.2 J / cm 2, the reduction of area of 74%, the expansion coefficient of 4.0 ⁇ 10- 6 / ⁇ .
  • the iron-nickel alloy rod is subjected to cold heading.
  • a cold heading die is prepared, and the equipment parameters of the cold heading machine are set in combination with the mold of the product, and then the iron-nickel alloy rod is put into the iron rod according to the specifications of the resonant rod.
  • Cutting, boring, accumulating, forming, chamfering, boring, shrinking, trimming, and then cold or cold extrusion complete the formation of the resonant rod, and perform no cutting or less cutting on the once formed resonant rod. Finishing.
  • the cold-rolled resonant rod is heat treated.
  • the step of heat-treating the cold-formed product is not taken.
  • heat treatment of the formed resonant rod can obtain high density and high gloss. Resonant rod without subsequent machining.
  • the resonant rod is plated.
  • copper is first plated on the surface of the resonant rod, and then the resonant rod is plated with silver.
  • the resonator rod manufactured by the method of the present embodiment was mainly composed of an iron-nickel alloy having a weight ratio of 98%, a ruthenium iron having a weight ratio of 1%, and carbonyl nickel having a weight ratio of 1%.
  • the resonant rod was mounted on a cavity filter and tested to achieve a single cavity resonant frequency of 3500 MHz with a temperature drift of less than 0.4 MHz.
  • Application Example 3 a vapor atomized iron-nickel alloy powder having a weight ratio of 88%, a carbonyl iron powder having a weight ratio of 6%, a nickel carbonyl powder having a weight ratio of 6%, and a weight ratio of the iron-nickel alloy powder and a carbonyl group
  • a 4% stearic acid lubricant of the total amount of iron powder and ruthenium nickel powder is used as a raw material to manufacture a billet of a resonant rod.
  • the sintering and heat treatment aging conditions of the billet were as follows: the sintering temperature was set to 1350 ° C, the sintering time was set to 3 hours, the annealing temperature was set to 1050 ° C, and the annealing time was set to 5 hours.
  • the steps of manufacturing the blank and the manufacturing of the iron-nickel alloy rod of the embodiment of the present invention can be referred to the description of Embodiment 1, and will not be described herein.
  • the iron-nickel alloy bar After testing, the iron-nickel alloy bar has an impact toughness index of 263.5 J/cm2, a section shrinkage of 68%, and a coefficient of expansion of 2.7 ⁇ 10-6/ ⁇ .
  • the resonant rod of this embodiment was mounted on a cavity filter and tested to have a single cavity resonant frequency of 3500 MHz and a temperature drift of less than 0.3 MHz.
  • Application Example 4 water atomized iron-nickel alloy powder in a weight ratio of 93%, carbonyl iron powder in a weight ratio of 4%, nickel carbonyl powder in a weight ratio of 3%, and weight ratio of the iron-nickel alloy powder, carbonyl group Iron A 2% stearic acid lubricant of the total amount of powder and ruthenium nickel powder is used as a raw material to manufacture a billet of a resonant rod.
  • the sintering and heat treatment aging conditions of the billet were as follows: the sintering temperature was set to 1450 ° C, the sintering time was set to 6 hours, the annealing temperature was set to 1100 ° C, and the annealing time was set to 8 hours.
  • the steps of manufacturing the blank and the iron-nickel alloy rod of the embodiment of the present invention reference may be made to the description of Embodiment 1, and details are not described herein again.
  • the iron-nickel alloy bar After testing, the iron-nickel alloy bar has an impact toughness index of 317.6 J/cm2, a section shrinkage of 62%, and a hardness of 1.8 ⁇ 10-6/ ⁇ .
  • the resonant rod of this embodiment was mounted on a cavity filter and tested to achieve a single cavity resonant frequency of 3500 MHz and a temperature drift of less than 0.2 MHz.
  • Embodiment 6 A method for manufacturing a resonant rod, the flow chart shown in FIG. 5, comprising:
  • the metal powder is pre-formulated, and the metal powder prepared by the metal powder may be mixed by one or more metals and one or more auxiliary materials, and the auxiliary material is added to facilitate the formation of the resonance tube. It is of course also possible to use a pure metal powder without the addition of an auxiliary material, and the composition of the specific metal powder does not constitute a limitation of the present invention.
  • An example of the metal powder is an iron-nickel alloy containing 88% to 98% by weight, a ruthenium iron having a weight ratio of 1% to 8%, a nickel carbonyl having a weight ratio of 1% to 8%, and a weight.
  • the ratio is 1% to 4% of the total amount of the iron-nickel alloy, the ruthenium iron, and the repellent nickel.
  • the details of the iron-nickel alloy, carbonyl iron, mercapto nickel, and lubricant are the same as those described above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the metal powder in the forming mold is pressed by a press to form a metal resonant rod; the process of forming the resonant rod requires the cooperation of the mold, and the molds of different shapes and sizes are designed, and the resonant rods of different specifications can be produced. It is not intended to limit the invention.
  • Press-formed resonant rods need to be sintered to make them strong and meet the requirements of use.
  • the metal resonant rod is press-formed by a press machine, which saves the cost of the raw material compared with the existing CNC processing method, and does not generate waste materials, and can be pressed once by the pressing tool due to the change of the processing method. Multiple resonant rods greatly increase production efficiency.
  • Embodiment 7 A method for manufacturing a resonant rod, the flow chart shown in FIG. 6 includes:
  • the process of preparing the metal powder may be: mixing the metal powder and the auxiliary material to form a mixed metal powder having a certain viscosity; the specific metal powder and the kind and ratio of the auxiliary material do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.
  • the auxiliary material may include: one or several of a lubricant, a graphite powder, and a binder, and the composition of the metal powder may be one or more of iron powder, copper powder, and steel powder.
  • a lubricant for the choice of specific iron powder, you can choose to reduce iron powder or atomized iron powder.
  • the coefficient of linear expansion of the resonant rod can be changed, thereby achieving the purpose of controllable temperature drift.
  • the specific press may select a hydraulic press or a pneumatic press dedicated to powder compaction.
  • the specific pressure selection and equipment selection are dependent on the size of the resonant rod produced and the ingredients, and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.
  • the sintering temperature of the integrated rod after the integral molding is 800 to 1200 ° C
  • the specific sintering temperature is related to the composition of the resonant rod, and does not constitute a limitation of the present invention.
  • Press-formed resonant rods need to be sintered to make them strong and meet the requirements of use.
  • precision machining is performed to achieve the specified dimensional tolerance requirements as well as flatness, surface roughness, surface finish, and the like.
  • precision machining There may be various processing processes for precision machining.
  • the resonant rod may be shaped or reamed.
  • it may be implemented by other conventional precision machining processes in the art, and the specific implementation does not constitute the present invention. limit. B6, plating treatment of the metal resonant rod.
  • the purpose of the electroplating is to make the surface of the resonant rod smooth and smooth, and optimize the index parameters of the filter.
  • the specific electroplating process may include: firstly plating the metal resonant rod, and then on the surface of the metal resonant rod after the copper plating silver.
  • plating methods Different plating methods and plating materials can be obtained based on different specifications and parameters of the product.
  • the method further comprises: immersing the precision-processed metal resonant rod with an organic solution for sealing treatment. Because the pressed resonant rod is made of metal powder or fine metal particles, the texture structure has a certain looseness. Under the microscope, the texture and arrangement between the internal metal powder/metal particles of the suppression resonant rod can be clearly seen. Therefore, by sealing the hole, the subsequent plating process can be made smoother.
  • the adjustment of the filter parameters related to the resonant rod can be realized by adjusting the material of the resonant rod or the proportion of the metal powder therein; Moreover, by adjusting the material of the resonant rod or the proportion of the metal powder therein, the linear expansion coefficient of the resonant rod can also be adjusted, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the temperature drift.
  • the integrated resonant rod manufactured by the method of the invention is a novel product, the raw material cost is low, the forming speed is fast, the dimensional consistency is good, the general molding pressing time is only about 3 seconds, and the smaller equipment can be produced in one minute. With more than 10 resonant rods, the production efficiency is significantly improved.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like, and the program code can be stored. Medium.

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种谐振杆制造方法,包括:将重量比例为88%~98%的铁镍合金粉末、重量比例为1%~8%的羰基铁粉末以及重量比例为1%~8%的羰基镍粉末进行机械均匀混合;将均匀混合后的混合粉末进行成型处理,成型为谐振杆坯料;将谐振杆坯料进行连续烧结和退火热处理。本发明实施例还提供了一种谐振杆及腔体滤波器。本发明实施例的谐振杆制造方法生产效率大大提高,很大程度上减少了原材料损耗,且本发明实施例的谐振杆最大限度地减少合金成分偏聚、消除粗大、不均匀的显微组织缺陷,从而提高相应产品的性能指标和稳定性。

Description

谐振杆制造方法、 谐振杆及腔体滤波器
【技术领域】
本发明实施例涉及微波通信领域, 具体涉及一种谐振杆及其制造方法, 还 涉及一种釆用该谐振杆的腔体滤波器。
【背景技术】
腔体滤波器作为一种无源滤波器, 具有良好的抗干扰性, 适应范围广, 被 广泛的应用于移动通信领域。腔体滤波器包括腔体和盖板,腔体上有多个空腔, 每个空腔内收容一个谐振杆, 因此一个腔体滤波器中会使用到多个谐振杆。
腔体滤波器中谐振杆具有不可替代的作用, 谐振杆是影响腔体滤波器性能 指标的关键部件, 因此对谐振杆的加工制造有着严格的要求。
现有技术中通常釆用殷钢作为制备谐振杆的原料, 殷钢是一种特殊的铁镍 金属合金材料,其热膨胀系数极小(在室温附近的平均热膨胀系数低于 10—6/°C ) 并且具有较好的可塑性, 此外, 传统上殷钢釆用熔铸法制造。
在对现有技术的研究和实践过程中, 本发明的发明人发现, 由于微波射频 器件中的谐振杆形状复杂且精度要求较高, 这使得利用殷钢铸锭制备谐振杆所 需的机械加工成本昂贵(原材料损耗较高) 并且生产效率有限。 此外, 殷钢釆 用熔铸法制造存在着合金成分偏聚, 铸造组织粗大和不均勾的缺陷, 这些都极 大地提高了谐振杆的制备成本并限制了其在微波谐振器中的应用。
此外, 传统冷镦加工工艺主要用于制造螺栓、 螺母、 铁钉、 铆钉和钢球等 零件。 锻坯材料可以是铜、 铝、 碳钢、 合金钢、 不锈钢和钛合金等, 材料利用 率可达 80 ~ 90 %。 而现有的谐振杆材料由于要满足硬度及膨胀系数的要求, 因 此其不能釆用冷镦工艺进行一次成型加工。
【发明内容】
为了解决上述技术问题, 本发明实施例提供了一种谐振杆制造方法, 该谐振杆 制造方法包括:
将重量比例为 88% ~ 98%的该铁镍合金粉末、重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的叛基铁粉末 以及重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的羰基镍粉末进行机械均匀混合;
将该均勾混合后的混合粉末进行成型处理, 成型为谐振杆坯料;
将该谐振杆坯料进行连续烧结和退火热处理。
为了解决上述技术问题, 本发明实施例还提供了一种谐振杆, 该谐振杆含有重 量比例为 88% ~ 98%的铁镍合金、重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的叛基铁以及重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的叛基镍。
本发明实施例还提供了一种腔体滤波器, 该腔体滤波器包括上述的谐振杆。 为了解决上述技术问题, 本发明实施例还提供了一种谐振杆制造方法, 包括: 以重量比例为 88% ~ 98%的铁镍合金、重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的叛基铁、重量比例 为 1% ~ 8%的叛基镍以及重量比例为所述铁镍合金、 叛基铁、 叛基镍的总量的 1% ~ 4%的润滑剂制造谐振杆坯料; 将所述棒材进行冷镦加工;
将冷镦成型后的谐振杆进行热处理。
为了解决上述技术问题, 本发明实施例还提供了一种谐振杆制造方法, 包括: 将金属粉置于成型模具中;
通过压力机对成型模具内的金属粉进行压制, 形成金属谐振杆;
对压制形成的金属谐振杆脱模, 并进行烧结处理。
本发明的有益效果是: 区别于现有技术的情况, 本发明实施例提供的谐振杆及 其制造方法釆用粉末冶金技术制备的铁镍合金粉末压制或射出成型, 通过热处 理工艺得到性能优良的铁镍合金微波谐振杆。 相比较传统的熔铸方法, 可以最 大限度地减少合金成分偏聚、 消除粗大、 不均勾的显微组织缺陷, 从而提高相 应产品的性能指标和稳定性。 同时, 它也是一种少无切削工艺, 可以实现谐振 杆的净近成型和自动化批量生产, 从而有效地降低原材料消耗。 此外, 本发明实施例提供的谐振杆制造方法能够制造出硬度、 膨胀系数及韧性 都满足要求的谐振杆, 釆用冷镦加工的方式, 减少了材料的损耗, 提高了加工 效率。
【附图说明】
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案, 下面将对实施例描述中所 需要使用的附图作简单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明 的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图, 其中:
图 1是 本发明实施例的谐振杆制造方法的流程示意图;
图 2是 本发明另一实施例的谐振杆的结构示意图;
图 3是 图 2所示谐振杆的组织结构形貌显微照片; 以及
图 4是 本发明又一实施例的谐振杆制造方法的流程示意图; 图 5是 本发明又一实施例的谐振杆制造方法的流程示意图; 图 6是 本发明又一实施例的谐振杆制造方法的流程示意图。
【具体实施方式】
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图, 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清 楚、 完整地描述, 显然, 所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例, 而不是 全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例, 本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造 性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例, 都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供了一种谐振杆制造方法, 该谐振杆制造方法包括: 将重 量比例为 88% ~ 98%的该铁镍合金粉末、重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的叛基铁粉末以及 重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的叛基镍粉末进行机械均匀混合;将该均匀混合后的混合粉 末进行成型处理, 成型为谐振杆坯料; 以及将该谐振杆坯料进行连续烧结和退 火热处理。 本发明实施例还提供了一种谐振杆, 该谐振杆含有重量比例为 88% ~ 98% 的铁镍合金、 重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的羰基铁以及重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的羰基镍。
本发明实施例还提供了一种腔体滤波器,该腔体滤波器包括上述的谐振杆。 本发明实施例还提供了一种谐振杆制造方法, 包括: 以重量比例为 88% ~ 98%的铁镍合金、 重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的叛基铁、 重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的羰基镍 以及重量比例为所述铁镍合金、叛基铁、叛基镍的总量的 1% ~ 4%的润滑剂制造 谐振杆坯料; 将所述坯料进行连续烧结和退火热处理制成铁镍合金棒材; 将所 述棒材进行冷镦加工; 以及将冷镦成型后的谐振杆进行热处理。
本发明实施例还提供了一种谐振杆制造方法, 包括: 将金属粉置于成型模 具中; 通过压力机对成型模具内的金属粉进行压制, 形成金属谐振杆; 对压制 形成的金属谐振杆脱模, 并进行烧结处理。 实施例一
一种谐振杆的制造方法, 其流程图如图 1所示, 包括:
步骤 S1 , 将重量比例为 88% ~ 98%的铁镍合金粉末、 重量比例为 1% ~ 8% 的叛基铁粉末以及重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的叛基镍粉末进行机械均匀混合。
本发明实施例中, 铁镍合金粉末的重量比例优选为 92-96%, 羰基铁粉末的 重量比例优选为 2-4%, 叛基镍粉末的重量比例优选为 2-4%。 最优选地, 铁镍合 金粉末的重量比例为 94%, 叛基铁粉末的重量比例为 3%, 叛基镍粉末的重量比 例为 3%。 需要说明的是, 原材料不可避免地含有稍许比例的碳、 氮、 硫和磷等 杂质, 一般杂质的比例不大于 0.1%。
本发明实施例中, 釆用机械球磨混合工艺将铁镍合金粉末、 羰基铁粉末、 羰基镍粉末以及占铁镍合金粉末重量比例为 1% ~ 4%的硬脂酸润滑剂进行机械 均匀混合。 其中, 该机械球磨混合工艺可釆用氧化锆球为球磨介质, 球料比可 设定为 10:1 , 球磨时间范围为 5-12小时。 当然, 可根据实际需要调整上述球料 比及球磨时间。 下面介绍制备铁镍合金粉末的步骤:
本发明实施例中, 选用纯铁和纯镍, 运用超高压水雾化或气雾化技术制备 含重量比 36%镍和重量比 64%铁的合金粉体, 再经脱水、 烘干、 筛分、 生粉高 温还原、粉饼破碎、筛分、合批等工序获得 36%Ni-64%Fe的高纯铁镍合金粉末, 该合金粉末呈球状或团状颗粒的形态。 其中, 纯铁的纯度优选大于 99.95%, 纯 镍的纯度优选大于 99.6%。鉴于超高压水雾化或气雾化技术为本领域技术人员所 已知, 在此不再进行详细介绍。
步骤 S1中,硬脂酸润滑剂可以对合金粉末起到较好的内润滑作用, 用来降 低粉末间的摩擦力。 在优选实施例中, 硬脂酸润滑剂占铁镍合金粉末重量比例 为 1% ~ 4%, 最优选为 2%。
其中, 上述羰基镍粉末和羰基铁粉末是具有独特的晶形结构和极低碳含量 的高纯度粉体颗粒, 它们能成为与铁镍合金粉末混合的理想复合材料, 它们树 枝状的表面使其能与大颗粒紧密结合, 在粉末烧结前形成稳固而均勾的分布, 在随后的烧结过程中能和其它粉末扩散均勾, 最后能形成具有平衡冶金结构的 精密部件, 对于保证谐振杆产品的热膨胀系数具有重要作用。
步骤 S2, 将均勾混合后的混合粉末进行成型处理, 成型为谐振杆坯料。 本发明实施例中, 将混合粉末置于成型模具中, 在例如为 100吨油压机的 压力下, 一次压制成型, 然后脱模, 得到一次成型的铁镍合金谐振杆坯料。
在可替代的备选实施例中, 将混合粉末置于高压注射成型机中, 进行一次 注射成型, 同样可得到一次成型的铁镍合金谐振杆坯料。
当然地, 在上述的一次成型工艺中, 成型压机根据实际情况可以釆用手动 加料, 也可以釆用自动加料。
步骤 S3 , 将谐振杆坯料进行连续烧结和退火热处理。
本发明实施例中, 对谐振杆坯料进行连续烧结的最高烧结温度范围为 1250-1550°C , 烧结时间为 3-10小时; 在退火热处理中釆用氢气作为还原气体, 退火温度范围为 1050-1250°C , 退火时间为 5-12小时。之后, 可制得不仅具有很 高的致密度, 而且无需后续机械加工的铁镍合金谐振杆。
其中, 优选的最高烧结温度范围为 1350-1450 V , 烧结时间为 3-6 小 时, 退火温度范围为 1100-1200 V , 退火时间为 5-8小时。 最优选的最高烧结温 度为 1400°C , 烧结时间为 4小时, 退火温度为 1150°C , 退火时间为 6小时。
需要说明书的是, 上述的硬脂酸润滑剂经过前述一次成型以及连续烧结等 步骤之后, 已经高温汽化, 在铁镍合金谐振杆中基本不存在该硬脂酸润滑剂成 分。
本发明实施例中, 将谐振杆坯料进行连续烧结和退火热处理之后, 还包括 如下步骤:
将该热处理后的铁镍合金谐振杆进行电镀, 先镀铜, 后镀银。 该电镀后的 一次成型铁镍合金谐振杆可直接安装于腔体滤波器中。
在本发明实施例中, 利用以超高压雾化技术制备的高纯铁镍合金粉为主体 的均勾混合粉末一次压制成型谐振杆, 釆用合理的烧结和退火热处理工艺, 制 备出近净成型的高性能铁镍合金微波谐振杆, 最大限度地减少合金成分偏聚、 消除粗大、 不均勾的显微组织缺陷, 从而提高相应产品的性能指标和稳定性, 产品质量和生产效率大大提高, 很大程度上减少了原材料损耗, 节省了机械加 工的成本。 此外, 由于该一次成型的铁镍合金谐振杆的成型尺寸与材料性能的 一致性好, 可直接在微波谐振器中调试使用。
下面结合表 1对本发明上述实施例应用到具体应用环境的若干应用例进行 详细描述。
表 1 不同配比粉料烧成样品烧结与退火的热处理条件和腔体滤波器单腔测 试性能指标
Figure imgf000008_0001
6
更正页 (细则第 91条) ISA/CN 和羰基镍粉)
2900MHz;
88%, 6%, 6%
0.32MHz
3200MHz;
90%, 5%, 5% 1350。C, 8h 1100。C, 8h
0.33MHz
3500MHz;
92%, 4%, 4% o 1250。C, 6 h 1050。C,3h
0.27MHz o o 3500MHz;
94%, 3%, 3% 1150。C p, 6h 1050。C,3h
0.24MHz
3300MHz;
96%, 2%, 2% 1250。C, 8 h 1150。C, 8h
0.28MHz
O o 3100MHz;
98%, 1%, 1% ° 。
0.35MHz
下面仅举例说明表 1中的第一个应用例, 其余应用例可同理参照。
应用例一: 釆用粉末冶金技术制备的 88%高纯铁镍合金粉料, 6%的羰基铁 粉, 6%的叛基镍粉以及占上述粉料总量 1-2%的硬脂酸粉末润滑剂, 一次压制成 型, 经过连续烧结(最高烧结温度为 1450°C, 烧结时间为 10小时)和还原气氛 (H2)退火热处理过程(退火温度为 1150°C, 退火时间为 12小时), 电镀后得 到外径为 10.0mm, 高度为 11.8mm的铁镍合金谐振杆。 测试结果表明: 单腔谐 振频率达到 2900MHz, 温漂小于 0.32MHz。
实施例二
一种谐振杆 10, 其结构示意图如图 2所示, 该谐振杆的高度为 H, 外径为 D。 该谐振杆 10包括重量比例为 88% ~ 98%的铁镍合金、 重量比例为 1%~8% 的叛基铁以及重量比例为 1%~8%的羰基镍。
在本发明实施例中, 铁镍合金、 叛基铁和羰基镍经压制或注射成型为谐振 杆。
釆用上述比例的铁镍合金、 羰基铁以及羰基镍釆用一次成型工艺制得的谐 振杆, 很大程度上减少了原材料损耗, 节省了机械加工的成本。
本发明实施例中, 铁镍合金的重量比例优选为 92-96%, 叛基铁的重量比例 优选为 2-4%, 叛基镍的重量比例优选为 2-4%。 最优选地, 铁镍合金的重量比例 为 94%, 叛基铁的重量比例为 3%, 羰基镍的重量比例为 3%。
在本发明进一步的实施例中, 铁镍合金、 羰基铁和羰基镍以粉末形态均匀 混合后成型为谐振杆。 铁镍合金的粉末为球状或团状颗粒。 谐振杆的晶粒尺寸 平均小于 50微米, 并且晶粒分布均勾致密, 从而保证了相应微波谐振杆的测试 性能。 具体可参见图 3 , 图 3显示了图 1所示谐振杆的组织结构形貌显微照片, 也即金相图。
在本发明进一步的实施例中, 铁镍合金含重量比例为 36%的镍和重量比例 为 64%的铁, 且铁镍合金的粉末以超高压水雾化或气雾化技术制备而成。
在本发明进一步的实施例中, 利用以超高压雾化技术制备的高纯铁镍合金 粉为主体的均勾混合粉末一次压制成型谐振杆, 制备出净近成型的高性能铁镍 合金微波谐振杆, 最大限度地减少合金成分偏聚、 消除粗大、 不均勾的显微组 织缺陷, 从而提高相应产品的性能指标和稳定性。
实施例三
一种谐振杆,含有重量比例为 88% ~ 98%的铁镍合金、重量比例为 1% ~ 8% 的羰基铁以及重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的羰基镍,且铁镍合金、羰基铁和羰基镍以粉 末形态均匀混合后成型为谐振杆。
在本发明的实施例中, 利用以铁镍合金粉为主体的均匀混合粉末成型谐振 杆, 制备出的高性能铁镍合金微波谐振杆, 最大限度地减少合金成分偏聚、 消 除粗大、 不均勾的显微组织缺陷, 从而提高相应产品的性能指标和稳定性。
在本发明进一步的实施例中, 铁镍合金的重量比例为 92% ~ 96%、 羰基铁 的重量比例为 2% ~ 4%,叛基镍的重量比例为 2% ~ 4%。铁镍合金含重量比例为 36%的镍和重量比例为 64%的铁,且铁镍合金的粉末以超高压水雾化或气雾化技 术制备而成 , 为球状或团状颗粒。
在本发明进一步的实施例中, 谐振杆的晶粒尺寸平均小于 50微米, 并且晶 粒分布均勾致密。
实施例四
一种腔体滤波器, 包括上述的谐振杆。
实施例五
本发明还提供了另一种制造所述谐振杆的方法, 如图 4所示, 包括: 步骤 S1 :以重量比例为 88% ~ 98%的铁镍合金、 重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的羰基 铁、重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的羰基镍以及重量比例为所述铁镍合金粉末、叛基铁粉、 叛基镍粉的总量的 1% ~ 4%的润滑剂制造谐振杆坯料。
本步骤中所述的铁镍合金以以纯度大于 99.95%的纯铁和纯度大于 99.96% 的纯镍为原料, 运用超高压水雾化或气雾化技术制备, 最终制成微小颗粒的铁 镍合金粉末, 再经脱水、 烘干、 分、 生粉高温还原、 粉饼破碎、 分、 合批 等工序获得 36%Ni的高纯铁镍合金粉末。 将所述高纯铁镍合金粉末与粉末状的 羰基铁、 羰基镍以及润滑剂进行机械混合均勾细化, 本发明中的润滑剂主要用 于促进上述各种金属粉末及合金粉末均勾混合, 对于润滑剂可以选用硬脂酸润 滑剂、 石蜡、 聚乙烯醇以及具有相同功效的其他润滑剂, 完成上述粉末的均匀 细化后将均匀混合粉末置于成型模具中, 利用油压机在重压下一次压制成型, 该重压的压力不应小于 100 吨物质所产生的重力, 然后脱模得到一次成型谐振 杆的铁镍合金坯料。
步骤 S2: 将所述坯料进行烧结和退火热处理制成铁镍合金棒材。
步骤 S3: 将所述棒材进行冷镦加工, 使得谐振杆冷镦成型。
本步骤中, 对所述的铁镍合金棒材进行冷镦加工。 根据谐振杆产品的尺寸 规格制定配套冷镦冲模模具, 并结合产品的模具设定冷镦机的设备参数, 然后 投入所述的铁镍合金棒材,按照谐振杆的规格对所述合金棒材进行切料、镦头、 聚积、 成形、 倒角、 搓丝、 缩径、 切边, 然后冷镦或冷挤压, 完成谐振杆的一 次成型, 对一次成型的谐振杆进行无切削或少切削的精加工。
步骤 S4: 将冷镦成型后的谐振杆进行热处理。
在现有的冷镦工艺中并未釆取对冷镦成型后的产品进行热处理的步骤, 本 实施例中在冷镦完成之后对成型的谐振杆进行热处理能够得到高致密度和高光 泽度的谐振杆,而无需后续机械加工。将冷镦成型后的谐振杆进行热处理之后, 对谐振杆进行电镀, 需要先在谐振杆表面镀铜, 然后对谐振杆镀银。 经过电镀 的谐振杆具有良好的表面光滑度, 避免粗糙表面对微波的能量吸收和干扰。
下面以具体应用例进行详细说明:
应用例二: 以重量比例为 98%的水雾化铁镍合金粉末、重量比例为 1%的羰 基铁粉、 重量比例为 1%的羰基镍粉以及重量比例为所述铁镍合金粉末、 羰基铁 粉、 叛基镍粉的总量的 1%的润滑剂为配料, 制造谐振杆的坯料, 该润滑剂可以 是硬脂酸润滑剂、 石蜡、 聚乙烯醇, 本实施例中选用硬脂酸润滑剂, 在此步骤 中, 选用含铁量 >99.95%的纯铁和含镍量>99.96%的纯镍, 运用超高压水雾化技 术或汽雾化技术制备的含 36%Ni的合金粉末, 再经脱水、 烘干、 筛分、 生粉高 温还原、 粉饼破碎、 筛分、 合批等工序获得 36%Ni的高纯铁镍合金粉末。 将所 述高纯铁镍合金粉末与叛基铁粉、 羰基镍粉以及硬脂酸润滑剂进行机械混合均 匀细化, 然后将均匀混合粉末置于成型模具中, 利用油压机在不小于 100吨的 成型压力下一次压制成型, 然后脱模得到一次成型谐振杆的铁镍合金坯料。
将所述的坯料进行烧结和热处理制成铁镍合金棒材, 此过程中, 对坯料进 行烧结的烧结温度设置为 1350 ~ 1550°C , 烧结时间为 3 ~ 10小时; 烧结完成后 以 H2作为还原气体进行退火处理, 退火温度设置为 1050 ~ 1250°C , 退火时间为 5 ~ 12小时。 本实施例中将坯料的烧结温度设置为 1550°C , 烧结时间设置为 10 小时, 退火温度设置为 1250°C , 退火时间设置为 12小时。 完成铁镍合金棒材的 加工。 经过测试, 所述的铁镍合金棒材的冲击韧性指标为 227.2 J/cm2, 断面收 缩率为 74%, 膨胀系数为 4.0χ 10—6/Κ。 在经过上述时效的烧结和热处理步骤后, 对所述的铁镍合金棒材进行冷镦 加工。 根据谐振杆产品的尺寸规格制定配套冷镦冲模模具, 并结合产品的模具 设定冷镦机的设备参数, 然后投入所述的铁镍合金棒材, 按照谐振杆的规格对 所述合金棒材进行切料、 镦头、 聚积、 成形、 倒角、 搓丝、 缩径、 切边, 然后 冷镦或冷挤压, 完成谐振杆的一次成型, 对一次成型的谐振杆进行无切削或少 切削的精加工。
将冷镦成型后的谐振杆进行热处理。 在现有的冷镦工艺中并未釆取对冷镦 成型后的产品进行热处理的步骤, 本实施例中在冷镦完成之后对成型的谐振杆 进行热处理能够得到高致密度和高光泽度的谐振杆, 而无需后续机械加工。
将冷镦成型后的谐振杆进行热处理之后, 对谐振杆进行电镀。 此步骤中, 需要先在谐振杆表面镀铜, 然后对谐振杆镀银。
通过本实施例中的方法制造的谐振杆主要由重量比例为 98%的铁镍合金、 重量比例为 1%的叛基铁、 重量比例为 1%的羰基镍构成。 将该谐振杆安装于腔 体滤波器上, 经过测试, 单腔谐振频率达到 3500 MHz , 温漂小于 0.4 MHz。
应用例三: 以重量比例为 88%的汽雾化铁镍合金粉末、重量比例为 6%的羰 基铁粉、 重量比例为 6%的羰基镍粉以及重量比例为所述铁镍合金粉末、 羰基铁 粉、 叛基镍粉的总量的 4%的硬脂酸润滑剂为配料, 制造谐振杆的坯料。 所述坯 料的烧结和热处理时效条件为: 烧结温度设置为 1350°C , 烧结时间设置为 3小 时, 退火温度设置为 1050 °C , 退火时间设置为 5小时。 本发明实施例的制造坯 料以及制造铁镍合金棒材的步骤可以参照实施例 1的描述, 此处不再赘述。
经过测试, 所述的铁镍合金棒材的冲击韧性指标为 263.5 J/cm2 , 断面收缩 率为 68%, 膨胀系数为 2.7χ 10-6/Κ。
将本实施例中的谐振杆安装于腔体滤波器上, 经过测试, 单腔谐振频率达 到 3500 MHz, 温漂小于 0.3 MHz。
应用例四: 以重量比例为 93%的水雾化铁镍合金粉末、重量比例为 4%的羰 基铁粉、 重量比例为 3%的羰基镍粉以及重量比例为所述铁镍合金粉末、 羰基铁 粉、 叛基镍粉的总量的 2%的硬脂酸润滑剂为配料, 制造谐振杆的坯料。 所述坯 料的烧结和热处理时效条件为: 烧结温度设置为 1450°C , 烧结时间设置为 6小 时, 退火温度设置为 1100°C , 退火时间设置为 8小时。 本发明实施例的制造坯 料以及制造铁镍合金棒材的步骤可以参照实施例 1的描述, 此处不再赘述。
经过测试, 所述的铁镍合金棒材的冲击韧性指标为 317.6 J/cm2 , 断面收缩 率为 62%, 硬度为膨胀系数为 1.8χ 10-6/Κ。
将本实施例中的谐振杆安装于腔体滤波器上, 经过测试, 单腔谐振频率达 到 3500 MHz, 温漂小于 0.2 MHz。
实施例六、 一种谐振杆制造方法, 流程图如图 5所示, 包括:
A1 , 将金属粉置于成型模具中;
本发明实施例中, 所述金属粉为预先配制的, 其配制的金属粉可以由一种 或多种金属, 以及一种或多种辅助材料混合而成, 添加辅助材料有利于谐振管 的成型, 当然也可以釆用不添加辅助材料的纯金属粉, 具体的金属粉的成分不 构成对本发明的限制。
其中所述金属粉的一种实例为含重量比例为 88% ~ 98%的铁镍合金、 重量 比例为 1% ~ 8%的叛基铁、重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的羰基镍以及重量比例为所述铁 镍合金、 叛基铁、 叛基镍的总量的 1% ~ 4%的润滑剂。 关于铁镍合金、 羰基铁、 叛基镍以及润滑剂的详细情况与前文同, 在此不重复介绍。
A2 , 通过压力机对成型模具内的金属粉进行压制, 形成金属谐振杆; 压制形成谐振杆的过程需要模具的配合, 设计不同形状和大小的模具, 可 以制作不同规格的谐振杆, 模具的选择不构成对本发明的限制。
A3 , 对压制形成的金属谐振杆脱模, 并进行烧结处理。
压制成型的谐振杆需要经过烧结才能使其坚固并达到使用要求。
本发明实施例一中, 通过压力机压制成型金属谐振杆, 相对于现有的 CNC 加工的方式, 节约了原材料成本用, 并且不产生废料, 并且由于加工方式的改 变, 可以通过压制工具一次压制多个谐振杆, 大大提高了生产效率。 实施例七、 一种谐振杆制造方法, 流程图如图 6所示, 包括:
B1 , 配制金属粉;
配制金属粉的过程可以是: 选用金属粉末和辅助材料混合, 形成具有一定 粘性的混合金属粉; 具体选用的金属粉末以及辅助材料的种类和配比不构成对 本发明的限制。
一般情况下: 辅助材料可以包括: 润滑剂、 石墨粉、 粘合剂中的一种或几 种, 金属粉末的成分可以为: 铁粉、 铜粉、 钢粉中的一种或几种。 具体的铁粉 的选择, 可以选择还原铁粉或雾化铁粉。
通过配制不同种类和配比的金属混合粉,可以改变该谐振杆的线膨胀系数, 从而达到温漂可控的目的。
B2, 将金属粉置于成型模具中;
B3 , 通过压力机对成型模具内的金属粉进行压制, 形成金属谐振杆; 压制形成谐振杆的过程需要模具的配合, 设计不同形状和大小的模具, 可 以制作不同规格的谐振杆, 模具的选择不构成对本发明的限制。
具体的压力机可以选择专用于进行粉末压制的油压机或气压机, 具体的压 力选择和设备选择根据生产的谐振杆的大小以及配料有关, 不构成对本发明的 限制。
B4, 对压制形成的金属谐振杆脱模, 并进行烧结处理。
本发明实施例中,一般情况下,一体成型后的谐振杆烧结温度为 800~1200°C , 具体的烧结温度与谐振杆的配制成分有关, 不构成对本发明的限制。
压制成型的谐振杆需要经过烧结才能使其坚固并达到使用要求。
B5 , 对金属谐振杆进行精密加工。
本实施例中, 进行精密加工是为了使谐振杆达到规定的尺寸公差要求以及 平面度、 表面粗糙度、 表面光洁度等要求。 精密加工的加工工艺可以有多种, 例如, 可以对谐振杆进行整形处理或扩孔处理, 当然, 也可以釆用本领域内其 他常规的精密加工工艺实现, 具体的实现方式不构成对本发明的限制。 B6, 对金属谐振杆电镀处理。
本实施例中, 电镀的目的是使谐振杆表面平整光滑, 优化滤波器的指标参 数, 具体的电镀过程可以包括: 先对金属谐振杆镀铜处理, 然后在对镀铜后的 金属谐振杆表面镀银。 当然也可以只镀铜或直接镀银处理, 具体的电镀方式有 多种, 基于对产品的指标和参数要求不同, 可以釆取不同的电镀方式和电镀材 料。
可以理解, 在本实施例步骤 B6电镀的过程之前, 还可以包括: 釆用有机溶 液浸泡经过精密加工后的金属谐振杆进行封孔处理。 因为压制谐振杆是由金属 粉或细小的金属颗粒压制而成, 其紋理结构存在一定的松散性, 在显微镜下可 以明显看出压制谐振杆的内部金属粉 /金属颗粒之间的紋理和排布, 因此通过封 孔, 可以使得后续的电镀过程更加顺利。
本发明实施例的谐振杆压制方法, 由于谐振杆的配方比例可调, 对于金属 谐振杆, 可以通过调整谐振杆的材质或其中金属粉末比例, 进而实现对谐振杆 相关的滤波器参数的调节;并且,通过调整谐振杆的材质或其中金属粉末比例, 还可以实现对谐振杆的线膨胀系数的调节, 进而达到温漂可控的目的。
本发明方法制造的一体成型谐振杆为一种新型产品, 原材料成本低廉, 成 型速度快, 尺寸一致性好, 一般的成型压制时间仅为 3 秒钟左右, 较小的设备 一分钟就可以生产出 10个以上的谐振杆, 生产效率显著提高。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解: 实现上述方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可 以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成, 前述的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存 储介质中, 该程序在执行时, 执行包括上述方法实施例的步骤; 而前述的存储 介质包括:只读存储器( Read-Only Memory, ROM )、随机存取器 ( Random Access Memory, RAM ), 磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例, 并非因此限制本发明的专利范围, 凡是利 用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换, 或直接或间接运 用在其他相关的技术领域, 均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims

权利 要求
1、 一种谐振杆制造方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
将重量比例为 88% ~ 98%的铁镍合金粉末、重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的羰基铁粉 末以及重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的叛基镍粉末进行机械均匀混合;
将所述均勾混合后的混合粉末进行成型处理, 成型为谐振杆坯料; 将所述谐振杆坯料进行连续烧结和退火热处理。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的谐振杆制造方法, 其特征在于, 在进行所述机械均 匀混合之前, 所述方法还包括制备铁镍合金粉末的步骤, 所述制备铁镍合金粉 末的步骤包括: 选用纯铁和纯镍运用超高压水雾化或气雾化技术制备含重量比 36%镍和重量比 64%铁的球状或团状颗粒合金粉末。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的谐振杆制造方法, 其特征在于, 所述进行机械均匀 混合的步骤包括: 釆用机械球磨混合工艺将所述铁镍合金粉末、 所述羰基铁粉 末、所述叛基镍粉末以及占所述铁镍合金粉末重量比例为 1% ~ 4%的硬脂酸润滑 剂进行机械均匀混合。
4、 如权利要求 1至 3中任一项所述的谐振杆制造方法, 其特征在于, 所述 进行成型处理的步骤包括: 将所述混合粉末置于成型模具中, 进行一次压制成 型。
5、 如权利要求 1至 3中任一项所述的谐振杆制造方法, 其特征在于, 所述 进行成型处理的步骤包括: 将所述混合粉末置于高压注射成型机中, 进行一次 注射成型。
6、 如权利要求 1至 3中任一项所述的谐振杆制造方法, 在所述进行连续烧 结和退火热处理的步骤中, 最高烧结温度范围为 1250-1550°C , 烧结时间为 3-10 小时; 釆用氢气作为还原气体, 退火温度范围为 1050-1250°C , 退火时间为 5-12 小时。
7、 一种谐振杆, 其特征在于, 含有重量比例为 88% ~ 98%的铁镍合金、 重 量比例为 1% ~ 8%的叛基铁以及重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的叛基镍。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的谐振杆, 其特征在于, 所述谐振杆的晶粒尺寸平均 小于 50微米, 并且晶粒分布均勾致密。
9、 如权利要求 7或 8所述的谐振杆, 其特征在于, 所述铁镍合金的重量比 例为 92% ~ 96%、所述叛基铁的重量比例为 2% ~ 4%, 所述羰基镍的重量比例为 2% ~ 4%。
10、 如权利要求 7或 8所述的谐振杆, 其特征在于, 所述铁镍合金、 所述 叛基铁和所述羰基镍以粉末形态均勾混合后成型为所述谐振杆。
11、 如权利要求 10所述的谐振杆, 其特征在于, 所述铁镍合金含重量比例 为 36%的镍和重量比例为 64%的铁, 且所述铁镍合金的粉末以超高压水雾化或 气雾化技术制备而成。
12、 如权利要求 11所述的谐振杆, 其特征在于, 所述铁镍合金的粉末为球 状或团状颗粒。
13、 如权利要求 7或 8所述的谐振杆, 其特征在于, 所述铁镍合金、 所述 叛基铁和所述羰基镍经压制或注射成型为所述谐振杆。
14、 一种腔体滤波器, 其特征在于, 包括根据权利要求 7至 13中任一项所 述的谐振杆。
15、 一种谐振杆制造方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
以重量比例为 88% ~ 98%的铁镍合金、重量比例为 1% ~ 8%的叛基铁、重量 比例为 1% ~ 8%的叛基镍以及重量比例为所述铁镍合金、羰基铁、羰基镍的总量 的 1% ~ 4%的润滑剂制造谐振杆坯料; 将所述棒材进行冷镦加工, 使得谐振杆冷镦成型;
将冷镦成型后的谐振杆进行热处理。
16、 如权利要求 15所述的谐振杆制造方法, 其特征在于: 所述制造谐振杆 坯料包括: 将所述铁镍合金、 羰基铁、 羰基镍以及润滑剂进行机械混合均勾细化, 然 后置于成型模具中, 在重压下一次压制成型。
17、 如权利要求 15所述的谐振杆制造方法, 其特征在于: 所述冷镦加工包 括:
按照谐振杆的规格对所述合金棒材进行切料、 镦头、 聚积、 成形、 倒角、 搓丝、 缩径、 切边。
18、 如权利要求 15至 17 中任一项所述的谐振杆制造方法, 其特征在于: 所述将冷镦成型后的谐振杆进行热处理包括:
谐振杆的热处理温度范围设置为 400 ~ 1000°C , 热处理的还原气为 H2 , 热 处理的退火时间为 1 ~ 3小时。
19、 一种谐振杆制造方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
将金属粉置于成型模具中;
通过压力机对成型模具内的金属粉进行压制, 形成金属谐振杆;
对压制形成的金属谐振杆脱模, 并进行烧结处理。
20、 如权利要求 19所述的谐振杆制造方法, 其特征在于, 所述将金属粉置 于成型模具中之前还包括: 配制金属粉, 所述配制金属粉的过程包括: 选用金 属粉末和辅助材料混合, 形成具有一定粘性的混合金属粉。
21、 如权利要求 20所述的谐振杆制造方法, 其特征在于, 所述金属粉末的 成分为: 铁粉、铜粉、 钢粉中的一种或几种, 所述铁粉为还原铁粉或雾化铁粉。
22、 如权利要求 19至 21 中任一项所述的谐振杆制造方法, 其特征在于, 所述进行烧结处理后还包括: 对所述金属谐振管电镀处理, 所述电镀包括: 先 对所述金属谐振管镀铜处理, 然后再对镀铜后的金属谐振管表面镀银。
23、 如权利要求 22所述的谐振杆制造方法, 其特征在于, 在对所述金属谐 振杆电镀处理之前还包括: 釆用有机溶液浸泡经过精密加工后的金属谐振杆进 行封孔处理。
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