WO2011145250A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池システムおよび電池パック - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池システムおよび電池パック Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011145250A1 WO2011145250A1 PCT/JP2011/001545 JP2011001545W WO2011145250A1 WO 2011145250 A1 WO2011145250 A1 WO 2011145250A1 JP 2011001545 W JP2011001545 W JP 2011001545W WO 2011145250 A1 WO2011145250 A1 WO 2011145250A1
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- ion secondary
- lithium ion
- secondary battery
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- temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improvement in discharge control of a battery system using a lithium ion secondary battery containing an olivine-based lithium composite phosphate as a positive electrode active material.
- the discharge capacity of a lithium ion secondary battery varies depending on the temperature during discharge. Specifically, for example, when the discharge current is constant, the discharge voltage decreases as the environmental temperature during discharge decreases in the same state of charge (SOC). As a result, the predetermined discharge end voltage is reached quickly, and the discharge capacity is reduced.
- SOC state of charge
- Such a decrease in discharge voltage at a low temperature is due to a decrease in voltage due to an increase in internal resistance of the battery due to a decrease in lithium ion mobility due to a decrease in lithium ion mobility.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 detect the temperature of the battery when the battery is used, and the detected temperature is preset. In the case where the temperature is lower than the temperature, a technique for suppressing a decrease in battery capacity by heating the battery is disclosed. As another method, an attempt has been made to secure a slightly larger discharge capacity by setting the discharge end voltage low and delaying reaching the discharge end voltage.
- a lithium ion secondary battery As an active material to replace a lithium ion secondary battery (hereinafter referred to as a cobalt acid lithium ion battery) using a lithium cobaltate-based positive electrode active material that has been widely used in the past as a positive electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a lithium ion secondary battery hereinafter referred to as an olivine lithium ion battery
- an olivine lithium ion battery using an olivine-based lithium composite phosphate-based positive electrode active material excellent in thermal stability is expected.
- the discharge voltage decreases as the environmental temperature during discharge decreases, and as a result, the discharge capacity decreases. Therefore, as in the techniques disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, when the environmental temperature is low, the temperature of the battery is detected when the battery is used, and the detected temperature is compared with a preset temperature. In the case where the temperature is low, it is considered that a technique for suppressing a decrease in the capacity of the battery by heating the battery is effective. In addition, it seems that a method of delaying reaching the discharge end voltage by setting the discharge end voltage low is also effective.
- the olivine-based lithium ion battery has a problem in that deterioration of the positive electrode active material is easily promoted when heated while the SOC is in a charged state. Moreover, when the discharge end voltage is set low, there is also a problem that deterioration of the positive electrode active material is easily promoted by elution of metal components such as iron and manganese in the positive electrode active material.
- the present invention provides a lithium ion secondary battery system and a battery pack that can achieve the suppression of deterioration of a lithium ion secondary battery containing an olivine-based lithium composite phosphate in the positive electrode and the securing of the discharge capacity. Objective.
- One aspect of the present invention measures an assembled battery including a plurality of lithium ion secondary batteries including a positive electrode including an olivine-based lithium composite phosphate, and an SOC representing at least one state of charge of the lithium ion secondary battery.
- a heating control unit that controls heating to at least one of the ion secondary batteries, The measured SOC measured by the SOC measuring unit is lower than the preset SOC set in advance in association with the discharge rate, and the detected temperature detected by the temperature detection unit is preset in association with the discharge rate.
- a lithium ion secondary battery system wherein when the temperature is lower than a preset temperature, the heating control unit issues a command to heat at least one of the lithium ion secondary batteries to a predetermined target temperature; It is.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a battery pack comprising the above lithium ion secondary battery system and a charge / discharge control unit that controls charging and discharging of the plurality of lithium ion secondary batteries. .
- the lithium ion secondary battery including the olivine-based lithium composite phosphate in the positive electrode
- the lithium ion secondary battery is heated only at the end of discharge when the SOC is lower than the preset SOC. Deterioration of the positive electrode active material due to unnecessary heating can be suppressed.
- 2 is a flowchart showing a control method of the lithium ion secondary battery system of FIG. 1.
- It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure of the modification of the lithium ion secondary battery system of FIG.
- It is a graph which shows the discharge characteristic curve of the lithium ion secondary battery using the olivine type
- the inventor examined in detail the temperature dependency and discharge rate dependency of the discharge characteristic curve of the olivine-based lithium ion battery, and the discharge behavior of the olivine-based lithium ion battery is different from that of the cobalt oxide lithium ion battery. Therefore, it has been found that there is a need to control the discharge state by an approach different from that of the cobalt oxide lithium ion battery.
- FIG. 4 shows a discharge characteristic curve when the environmental temperature and discharge rate of a lithium ion secondary battery using olivine-based lithium composite phosphate as a positive electrode active material are changed.
- (a) is a characteristic curve at low rate (0.2 C) discharge in a room temperature (25 ° C.) environment
- (b) is a characteristic curve at low rate discharge in a low temperature (0 ° C.) environment
- (C) is a characteristic curve at the time of high rate (2C) discharge in a normal temperature environment
- (d) is a characteristic curve at the time of high rate discharge in a high temperature (45 degreeC) environment.
- the discharge voltage decreases significantly when high rate discharge is performed.
- the dependence of the discharge voltage on the environmental temperature is high in the region where the SOC is low. Recognize.
- the present inventor has shown that the dependence of the discharge voltage on the environmental temperature is small from the initial stage to the middle stage when the SOC does not decrease. At the end of discharge where the SOC is not high and the SOC is low, the dependence of the battery capacity on the environmental temperature and the discharge rate is found to be significant, and the present invention has been completed.
- a lithium ion secondary battery system represents a battery pack including a plurality of lithium ion secondary batteries including a positive electrode including an olivine-based lithium composite phosphate, and a state of charge of the lithium ion secondary battery.
- An SOC measurement unit that measures SOC (State of Charge), a temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of the lithium ion secondary battery, a heating unit that heats the lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion secondary by the heating unit
- a heating control unit that controls heating of the battery.
- the heating control unit is configured so that the measured SOC measured by the SOC measuring unit is lower than a preset SOC set in advance in association with the discharge rate, and the detected temperature detected by the temperature detecting unit is associated in advance with the discharge rate.
- a command to heat the lithium ion secondary battery to a predetermined target temperature is issued.
- the SOC measurement unit and the temperature detection unit only need to measure the SOC or temperature of at least one lithium ion secondary battery among the plurality of lithium ion secondary batteries.
- the temperature detection unit may individually detect the temperatures of those lithium ion secondary batteries, or those lithium ion secondary batteries. The average temperature may be detected.
- the SOC measurement unit may individually detect the SOCs of those lithium ion secondary batteries, or those lithium ion secondary batteries. The average SOC of the battery may be detected. Even when the SOC is detected individually, if there is a group of batteries having the same SOC, one SOC may be detected in the group.
- the heating unit and the heating control unit may be anything that heats or controls the heating of at least one lithium ion secondary battery among the plurality of lithium ion secondary batteries.
- the heating unit may individually heat those lithium ion secondary batteries, or may heat those lithium ion secondary batteries as a whole. Also good.
- the heating control unit individually heats two or more lithium ion secondary batteries, it is preferable to individually control the heating of each lithium ion secondary battery.
- the heating unit heats two or more lithium ion secondary batteries as a whole, it is only necessary to control the overall heating.
- the heating of the lithium ion secondary battery is performed such that the measured SOC is lower than the preset SOC that is preset according to the discharge rate, and the preset temperature is preset according to the discharge rate. Only done when the temperature is lower than the set temperature. In other words, heating is not performed in a state where the measured SOC of the lithium ion secondary battery is higher than the set SOC. Accordingly, since the lithium ion secondary battery is heated only when the SOC at the end of discharge is low, the battery capacity can be improved while suppressing deterioration of the olivine-based lithium composite phosphate due to heating. Furthermore, since the heating that does not contribute much to the improvement of the discharge capacity is eliminated, unnecessary energy consumption can be prevented.
- the set SOC and the set temperature are set in advance in association with, for example, a discharge rate required by a load device (external device) connected to the lithium ion secondary battery system.
- the set SOC is set within the range of 5-40% with respect to 100% SOC of the fully charged state of each lithium ion secondary battery, and the set temperature is set within the range of 25-50 ° C. And it is preferable from the point which suppresses the capacity
- the target temperature is preferably set within the range of 45 to 55 ° C. from the viewpoint of suppressing the modification of the separator and the like due to overheating.
- the olivine-based lithium composite phosphate is preferably represented by the general formula (1): Li x Me (PO y ) z from the viewpoint of increasing the capacity.
- Me is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Sc, Y, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Cr, Pb, Sb and B, and 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 3 ⁇ y ⁇ 4, 0.5 ⁇ z ⁇ 1.5. It is preferable that two or more elements are included as the element Me, and 20 mol% or more of the element Me is Fe.
- heating means such as a resistor that generates heat when energized, a heating device using induction heating, and a heating device using an external heat source can be used.
- the lithium ion secondary battery is mounted as a power source for driving a vehicle, it is particularly preferable to use residual heat generated by driving the vehicle as an external heat source from the viewpoint of improving energy efficiency.
- the above heating means can be used in combination.
- a mode in which heating by an external heat source is mainly used and that is assisted by heating of a resistor that generates heat by energization is preferable.
- the above-described lithium ion secondary battery system can be embodied as a battery pack integrated with a charge / discharge control unit that controls charging and discharging of each lithium ion secondary battery.
- the heating control unit is made independent, and it is incorporated into an electronic control unit (ECU: Electric Control Unit) including the charge / discharge control unit, and the ECU is embodied in a form such as being incorporated in a load device, for example. Also good.
- ECU Electric Control Unit
- the battery pack 10 shown in FIG. 1 will be described in detail as an example.
- the battery pack 10 includes an assembled battery 12 including a plurality of lithium ion secondary batteries 11 (11a, 11b,..., 11n), a battery control unit 13, and a heating unit that heats each lithium ion secondary battery 11. ing. These are accommodated in a housing (not shown) made of resin, for example.
- the assembled battery 12 is electrically connected to a connection terminal 12a on the positive electrode side and a connection terminal 12b on the negative electrode side that extend outside the casing.
- the connection terminal 12a and the connection terminal 12b are connected to the positive connection terminal 15a and the negative connection terminal 15b of the load device 15, respectively.
- a driving motor such as a hybrid car or an electric vehicle can be used.
- electronic devices such as notebook computers and mobile phones can also be used.
- connection terminal 12a and the connection terminal 12b are connected to the assembled battery 12 via an unillustrated discharging switching element or discharging switching circuit and an unillustrated charging switching element or charging switching circuit.
- discharge switching element When the discharge switching element is on, a current flows from the assembled battery 12 to a discharge circuit (not shown) to supply power to the load device 15.
- the charging switching element when the charging switching element is on, the assembled battery 12 is charged with electric power supplied from the outside.
- the battery control unit 13 includes a switching element for charging so that the voltage of each lithium ion secondary battery 11 of the assembled battery 12 does not exceed a predetermined charge end voltage during charging and does not fall below a predetermined discharge end voltage during discharge. And a charge / discharge control unit for controlling the discharge switching element. Note that, in the illustrated battery pack 10, the assembled battery 12 and the battery control unit 13 are integrally stored inside the casing of the battery pack 10. However, the battery control unit may be incorporated in the load device 15 as an electronic control unit independent of the battery pack.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 11 includes a positive electrode including an olivine-based lithium composite phosphate as a positive electrode active material.
- the olivine-based lithium composite phosphate include compounds represented by general formula (1): Li x Me (PO y ) z .
- Me is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Sc, Y, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Cr, Pb, Sb and B, and 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 3 ⁇ y ⁇ 4, 0.5 ⁇ z ⁇ 1.5.
- X in General formula (1) shows the atomic ratio of Li, and it fluctuates by charging / discharging.
- the variation range is 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.
- the preferable range of x in the non-charged state immediately after the manufacture of the battery is 0.9 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2.
- Fe is particularly preferable. In the case where Me represents two or more elements, it is preferable that 20 mol% or more of the whole element represented by Me is Fe.
- the range of y is 3 ⁇ y ⁇ 4, and preferably 3.8 ⁇ y ⁇ 4.
- the range of z is 0.5 ⁇ z ⁇ 1.5, preferably 0.9 ⁇ z ⁇ 1.1.
- the olivine-based lithium composite phosphate is particularly preferably Li x FePO 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) among the above examples.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 11 is characterized in that it contains olivine-based lithium composite phosphate as a positive electrode active material, and other components are not particularly limited.
- the assembled battery 12 includes a plurality of lithium ion secondary batteries 11a, 11b, ..., 11n connected in series.
- the assembled battery may be an assembled battery in which a plurality of lithium ion secondary batteries are connected in parallel, or may be an assembled battery in which series connection and parallel connection are combined.
- the battery control unit 13 includes an SOC measurement unit that measures the SOC of each lithium ion secondary battery 11, a temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of each lithium ion secondary battery 11, and each lithium ion secondary battery 11 that uses a heating unit.
- the heating control part 21 which controls the heating to and the memory
- the SOC measuring unit detects the SOC of each lithium ion secondary battery 11 based on the timer 17, the current sensor 16 that detects the current flowing through each lithium ion secondary battery 11 of the assembled battery 12, and the output signal of the current sensor 16. And an SOC calculation unit 18 for calculating.
- the battery pack 12 of the illustrated example all the lithium ion secondary batteries 11 are connected in series, so that only one current sensor 16 is disposed on the connection line between the battery pack 16 and the terminal 12a.
- the SOC calculation unit 18 calculates the integrated value of the total discharge current from the start of discharge of the lithium ion secondary battery 11 using the discharge current value detected by the current sensor 16 and the discharge time measured by the timer 17. The remaining capacity is calculated, and the calculated remaining capacity [mAh] is divided by the fully charged capacity [mAh] of the lithium ion secondary battery 11 to calculate the SOC (%) of the lithium ion secondary battery 11. To do. It is preferable to periodically measure the open circuit voltage (OCV) of each lithium ion secondary battery 11 and periodically correct the calculated SOC error.
- the current sensor 16 is, for example, a current detection resistor (current ⁇ ⁇ sensing ⁇ resistor) and converts the discharge current into a voltage to detect it.
- the SOC data of the lithium ion secondary battery 11 that is the measurement result by the SOC measurement unit 18 is sequentially stored in the storage unit 22.
- the temperature detection unit is configured based on a plurality of temperature sensors 19 a, 19 b,..., 19 n respectively disposed on or near the surface of each lithium ion secondary battery 11, and each lithium ion secondary battery based on an output signal of each temperature sensor. And a temperature calculation unit 20 that sequentially calculates 11 temperatures.
- the temperature data of each lithium ion secondary battery 11 calculated by the temperature calculation unit 20 is sequentially stored in the storage unit 22.
- the heating unit heats each lithium ion secondary battery 11 in response to a heating command from the heating control unit 21.
- the heating unit includes, for example, a plurality of heaters 23 (23a, 23b,..., 23n) that are resistors that generate heat when energized, and a heater driving unit 14 that supplies a predetermined current to each heater 23.
- the heater may be provided on a one-to-one basis corresponding to the number of each lithium ion secondary battery 11, or may be provided in a plurality, or a specific lithium ion secondary battery 11 may be selected and provided.
- the power of the lithium ion secondary battery 11 can be used for energizing each heater 23.
- the heating unit is not limited to the resistor heater 23, and various heating devices such as a heating device using induction heating can be used.
- the temperature sensor may be provided in one-to-one correspondence with the number of each lithium ion secondary battery 11, or may be provided in plural, and a specific lithium ion secondary battery 11 may be selected and provided. May be.
- the heating control unit 21 is included in the control unit 24.
- the control unit 24 is, for example, a control circuit including an integrated circuit (Integrated Circuit).
- the control unit 24 includes a heating control unit 21 and a determination unit 25.
- the determination unit 25 retrieves the measured SOC data and the detected temperature data stored in the storage unit 22, and associates the retrieved data with the set SOC and discharge rate that are set in advance in association with the target discharge rate. And the preset temperature set in advance. Specifically, whether the measured SOC is lower than the set SOC and the detected temperature is lower than the set temperature is determined by comparison. When the determination unit 25 determines that the measured SOC is lower than the set SOC and the detected temperature is lower than the set temperature, the heating control unit 21 sets each lithium ion secondary battery 11 to a predetermined target temperature. Issue a command to heat up.
- the set SOC is set within a range of 5 to 40% with respect to SOC 100% in the fully charged state.
- the fully charged state means a state where the battery is charged up to the upper limit of the nominal capacity.
- the SOC 0% fully discharged state means a state in which the battery is discharged to the lower limit of the nominal capacity.
- the composition of the positive electrode active material is represented by the general formula (1): Li x Me (PO y ) z
- x is generally about 0.03 in a fully charged state.
- the set SOC is set in advance within a range of 5 to 40% based on experimental data and design information according to the discharge rate of the lithium ion secondary battery 11. For example, when the discharge rate is low (during low rate discharge), the set SOC is set low, and when the discharge rate is high (during high rate discharge), the set SOC is set high. More specifically, when the discharge rate of the lithium ion secondary battery 11 is 0.1 to 1C, the set SOC is preferably 5 to 30%, and when the discharge rate is 5 to 10C, The set SOC is preferably 35 to 40%.
- 1C is a current value when an amount of electricity equal to the nominal capacity is discharged in 1 hour. For example, if the nominal capacity is 1 Ah, 0.1 to 1C is 0.1 to 1A, 5 to 10C is 5 to 10A.
- the set SOC can be determined as follows based on, for example, the discharge characteristics of the lithium ion secondary battery 11 measured in advance at a predetermined discharge rate. First, the voltage when the SOC is 50% at a predetermined discharge rate is used as a reference. Next, the SOC when the voltage of the lithium ion secondary battery 11 drops by 0.05 to 0.15 V (approximately 0.1 V) from the reference voltage is obtained. The SOC value thus obtained is set as the set SOC at the discharge rate.
- the set temperature is set in advance in the range of 25 to 50 ° C., preferably in the range of 30 to 50 ° C., based on experimental data and design information in accordance with the discharge rate.
- the set temperature is set to be relatively low during low rate discharge and set to a relatively high value during high rate discharge. More specifically, when the discharge rate of the lithium ion secondary battery 11 is 0.1 to 1 C, the set temperature is preferably 30 to 35 ° C., and when the discharge rate is 5 to 10 C, The set temperature is preferably 40 to 50 ° C.
- the set temperature is, for example, about the same as the reference discharge capacity with reference to the discharge capacity of the lithium ion secondary battery 11 when the discharge rate is 0.1 C and the temperature is 30 ° C. It is preferable to set in advance according to the discharge rate so as to obtain the discharge capacity.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 11 is heated with a heating part.
- the heating control unit 21 Based on data received from the temperature calculation unit 20 when the lithium ion secondary battery 11 is heated by the heating unit for a certain period of time, the heating control unit 21 sets the detected temperature of each lithium ion secondary battery 11 to a predetermined target temperature. If it is determined that it has reached, a command to stop heating is issued to the heating unit. In this way, the heating control for the heating unit by the heating control unit 21 is performed.
- the target temperature of the lithium ion secondary battery 11 is preferably in the range of about 45 to 55 ° C., for example.
- step S2 when a discharge switching element (not shown) is turned on, discharge is started from the battery pack 10 by a predetermined discharge circuit, and power supply to the load device 15 is started. Simultaneously with the start of discharge, measurement of the SOC of the lithium ion secondary battery 11 by the SOC measurement unit is started (step S2). Moreover, detection of the temperature of the lithium ion secondary battery 11 by a temperature detection part is also started (step S3).
- the execution order of step S2 and step S3 is not particularly limited, and step S3 may be executed prior to step S2.
- the measured SOC of the lithium ion secondary battery 11 is lower than the set SOC stored in the storage unit 22 in advance, and the detected temperature of the detected lithium ion secondary battery 11 is stored in the storage unit 22 in advance.
- the heating control unit 21 issues a command to heat the lithium ion secondary battery 11 to the heater driving unit 14. Thereby, the heater 23 is energized and heating of the lithium ion secondary battery 11 is started (step S6).
- the series of processing is repeatedly executed until the voltage of the lithium ion secondary battery 11 decreases and reaches the discharge end voltage.
- the lithium ion secondary battery system 30 includes an assembled battery 12 including a plurality of lithium ion secondary batteries 11, a battery ECU 31, a load device 15 connected to the assembled battery 12, and a heating unit including a heat source unit 32.
- the configurations denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 indicate the same configurations, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the battery ECU 31 includes an SOC measurement unit, a temperature detection unit, and a storage unit 22 similar to those in the apparatus of FIG. 1, and a control unit 34 for controlling the lithium ion secondary battery system 30.
- the control unit 34 is a control circuit including an integrated circuit, for example, and includes a heating control unit 35 and a determination unit 25.
- the heating unit heats each lithium ion secondary battery 11 by the amount of heat supplied from the heat source unit 32 that is an external heat source.
- the heating unit includes a fluid pump 33 and a heat medium passage 36 disposed on or near the surface of each lithium ion secondary battery 11.
- As the heat source unit 32 for example, residual heat generated by driving the vehicle can be used. Such residual heat is stored in a heat exchange fluid such as air, water, or oil, and then supplied to the heat medium flow path 36 by the fluid pump 33.
- the fluid pump 33 recirculates the heat exchange fluid between the heat medium flow path 36 and the heat source unit 32 in accordance with a command from the heating control unit 35. Thereby, each lithium ion secondary battery 11 is heated.
- the operation of the lithium ion secondary battery system 30 shown in FIG. 3 is different in that the heat source part 32 outside the battery system is used as a heat source for heating the lithium ion secondary battery 11, except that the lithium ion shown in FIG. Similar to the secondary battery system 10.
- the present invention is useful as a battery system that requires a large current discharge, such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid car.
- 10 battery pack 11 (11a, 11b, 11n) lithium ion secondary battery, 12 assembled battery, 12a connection terminal, 12b connection terminal, 13 battery control unit, 14 heater drive unit, 15 load device, 15a connection terminal, 15b connection Terminal, 16 current sensor, 17 timer, 18 SOC calculation unit, 19a temperature sensor, 19b temperature sensor, 19n temperature sensor, 20 temperature calculation unit, 21 heating control unit, 22 storage unit, 23 (23a, 23b, 23n) heater, 25 determination unit, 30 lithium ion secondary battery system, 32 heat source unit, 33 fluid pump, 34 control unit, 35 heating control unit, 36 heat medium flow path
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Abstract
Description
前記SOC計測部により計測された計測SOCが、放電レートと関連付けて予め設定される設定SOCよりも低く、かつ、前記温度検出部により検出された検出温度が、前記放電レートと関連付けて予め設定される設定温度よりも低いときに、前記加熱制御部が前記リチウムイオン二次電池の少なくとも1つを所定の目標温度になるように加熱する指令を発することを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池システム、である。
目標温度は、45~55℃の範囲内で設定されることが、過熱によるセパレータなどの変性を抑制する点から好ましい。
リチウムイオン二次電池11は、正極活物質としてオリビン系リチウム複合リン酸塩を含むことに特徴を有しており、他の構成要素は特に限定されない。
リチウムイオン二次電池11の目標温度は、例えば、45~55℃程度の範囲であることが好ましい。
図示例のリチウムイオン二次電池システムにおいては、はじめに、電池パック10が給電する負荷装置15の特性に応じて特定される放電レートと関連付けて、設定SOCおよび設定温度を決定する。すなわち、設定SOCおよび設定温度は、放電レートと関連付けた三次元データ((x,y,z)=(設定SOC,設定温度,放電レート))として、予め実験的または設計的に定められる。この設定値は、記憶部22に予め格納される(ステップS1)。
リチウムイオン二次電池システム30は、複数のリチウムイオン二次電池11からなる組電池12と、電池ECU31と、組電池12に接続される負荷装置15と、熱源部32を含む加熱部と、を備えている。図1と同一の符号を付した構成は、同一の構成であることを示し、以降の説明を省略する。
加熱部は、外部熱源である熱源部32から供給される熱量により各リチウムイオン二次電池11を加熱する。加熱部は、流体ポンプ33と、各リチウムイオン二次電池11の表面または近傍に配置される熱媒体流路36とを含む。熱源部32としては、例えば、車両の駆動により発生する余熱を用いることができる。このような余熱は、エア、水、オイルなどの熱交換流体に蓄熱させた上で流体ポンプ33により熱媒体流路36に供給される。流体ポンプ33は、熱交換流体を、加熱制御部35からの指令に応じて、熱媒体流路36と熱源部32との間で還流させる。これにより、各リチウムイオン二次電池11が加熱される。
Claims (10)
- オリビン系リチウム複合リン酸塩を含む正極を備えた複数のリチウムイオン二次電池からなる組電池と、前記リチウムイオン二次電池の少なくとも1つの充電状態を表すSOCを計測するSOC計測部と、前記リチウムイオン二次電池の少なくとも1つの温度を検出する温度検出部と、前記リチウムイオン二次電池の少なくとも1つを加熱するための加熱部と、前記加熱部による前記リチウムイオン二次電池の少なくとも1つへの加熱を制御する加熱制御部と、を備え、
前記SOC計測部により計測された計測SOCが、放電レートと関連付けて予め設定される設定SOCよりも低く、かつ、前記温度検出部により検出された検出温度が、前記放電レートと関連付けて予め設定される設定温度よりも低いときに、前記加熱制御部が前記リチウムイオン二次電池の少なくとも1つを所定の目標温度になるように加熱する指令を発することを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池システム。 - 前記設定SOCが、前記リチウムイオン二次電池の少なくとも1つの満充電状態のSOC100%に対して5~40%である請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池システム。
- 前記設定温度が25~50℃である請求項1または2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池システム。
- 前記目標温度が45~55℃である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池システム。
- 前記オリビン系リチウム複合リン酸塩が、一般式(1):LixMe(POy)z、ただし、MeはNa、Mg、Sc、Y、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Al、Cr、Pb、SbおよびBからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素であり、かつ0<x≦2、3≦y≦4、0.5<z≦1.5、である、で表される請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池システム。
- 前記一般式(1)で表されるオリビン系リチウム複合リン酸塩が、元素Meとして、前記群より選ばれる2種以上の元素を含み、かつ、元素Meの20モル%以上がFeである請求項5に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池システム。
- 前記加熱部が通電により発熱する抵抗体を含む請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池システム。
- 前記加熱部が、熱源として外部熱源を使用する請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池システム。
- 車両の駆動用電源として搭載されるものであり、
前記外部熱源が前記車両の駆動により発生する余熱である請求項8に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池システム。 - 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池システムと、前記複数のリチウムイオン二次電池の充電および放電を制御する充放電制御部と、を備えることを特徴とする電池パック。
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