WO2011137631A1 - Method and apparatus for detecting ranging code - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for detecting ranging code Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011137631A1 WO2011137631A1 PCT/CN2010/077739 CN2010077739W WO2011137631A1 WO 2011137631 A1 WO2011137631 A1 WO 2011137631A1 CN 2010077739 W CN2010077739 W CN 2010077739W WO 2011137631 A1 WO2011137631 A1 WO 2011137631A1
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- sequence
- ranging
- peak
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
- G01S11/02—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
- H04L7/02—Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of mobile broadband wireless, and in particular, to a method and device for detecting a ranging code. Background technique
- IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.16e is a standard for mobile broadband wireless access systems based on OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access) technology. Ranging is a process used in the 802.16e protocol to adjust the mobile subscriber carrier frequency offset, timing offset, and received power in an OFDMA system.
- OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access
- the base station specifies a time-frequency resource block for the mobile user to perform ranging, and the resource block is called a ranging region.
- the 802.16e protocol specifies four ranging methods.
- the base station specifies a corresponding ranging code for different ranging methods.
- the ranging code is a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) code. .
- the mobile user selects a ranging code from the code table specified by the base station to be transmitted on the specified ranging area, and is used to complete system parameter estimation and adjustment of the uplink ranging process.
- the base station detects the ranging code sent by the mobile user from the received ranging signal and calculates information such as time offset and frequency offset, and then feeds back to the mobile user transmitting the ranging code. The mobile user then adjusts his own transmission parameters based on this information.
- the detection method of the ranging code is mainly based on the autocorrelation property of the ranging code, and can be divided into a time domain correlation method and a frequency domain correlation method.
- the former means that the base station does not do the time domain data received.
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform
- IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform, Fast Fourier Transform
- time domain correlation method In practical practice, the time domain correlation method is rarely used because of the large amount of computation and the vulnerability of data users.
- the idea of frequency domain correlation method is simple, the implementation is simple, and the introduction of IFFT operation makes the calculation amount much less than the time domain correlation method. Therefore, it is usually used to detect the distance measurement code.
- the false alarm rate is the probability of detecting a ranging code that the user has not sent.
- MIMO Multi-Input Multiple-Output
- beamforming technology the performance indicators such as downlink coverage and throughput of the base station have been greatly improved, and the system works normally.
- the sensitivity ie, signal to noise ratio
- the frequency domain correlation method has a very low detection rate at low SNR, which makes the system performance limited by the uplink initial ranging code access detection. At present, most of the range detection methods used only consider application scenarios where the signal-to-noise ratio is above OdB.
- the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting a ranging code, which is used to solve the problem that the detection rate of the ranging code detection method proposed in the prior art is extremely low at a low SNR, so that the system performance is limited by the initial ranging of the uplink.
- Code access detection issues including:
- Phase compensation is performed on sequences of other symbols except the first symbol, and the compensation value is an equivalent phase delay of the cyclic prefix CP length;
- the sequence of the first symbol and the sequence obtained by phase compensation of each of the other symbols are weighted and combined to obtain a combined sequence, wherein the weighted weight is between [0, 1], and the sum of the weights is equal to 1 .
- the weighted weight is between [0, 1], and the sum of the weights is equal to 1 .
- the embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for detecting a ranging code, which is used to solve the problem that the detection method of the ranging code detection method proposed in the prior art has a very low detection rate at a low SNR, so that the system performance is limited by the initial measurement of the uplink.
- the problem of code access detection includes:
- each of the time domain signals is separately operated to obtain a sequence generated by the differential operation: performing a fast Fourier transform FFT on the time domain signal, and obtaining a frequency domain signal after the transform.
- the sequences obtained by phase compensation of each symbol are weighted and combined to obtain a combined sequence, wherein the weighted weights are located between [0, 1], the sum of the weights is equal to 1, and the data information carried on each symbol
- the quantity is proportional; the local code is sequentially selected in the stored code table, the correlation operation is performed by using the sequence of the selected local code and the combined sequence, and the sequence obtained after the correlation operation is differentially operated;
- the embodiment of the present invention further provides a ranging code detecting device, which is used to solve the problem that the detection rate of the ranging code detecting method proposed in the prior art is extremely low at a low SNR, so that the system performance is limited by the initial measurement of the uplink.
- the problem of code access detection includes:
- a compensation module configured to perform fast Fourier transform FFT on the time domain signal received by the single antenna, and obtain a ranging signal on the ranging subcarrier of the frequency domain signal obtained after the transform; and other symbols except the first symbol
- the sequence is separately phase compensated, and the compensation value is an equivalent phase delay of the cyclic prefix CP length;
- a weighting module configured to weight combine the sequence of the first symbol and the sequence obtained by phase compensation of the other symbols to obtain a combined sequence, wherein the weighted weight is between [0, 1], each weight The sum is equal to 1 and is proportional to the amount of data carried on each symbol;
- a calculation module configured to sequentially select a local code in the stored code table, perform a correlation operation by using the selected local code sequence and the merged sequence; perform differential operation and FFT on the sequence obtained after the correlation operation, and calculate the difference The power of each value in the sequence generated after operation and transformation; calculating the peak-to-average ratio of the power of the sequence obtained by the FFT transformation;
- a first determining module configured to: when the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determine that the received time domain signal carries a ranging code, where the first threshold is not less than a preset detection rate upper limit Corresponding threshold.
- the embodiment of the present invention provides a ranging code detecting apparatus, which is used to solve the problem that the detection method of the ranging code method proposed in the prior art has a very low detection rate at a low SNR, so that the system performance is limited by the uplink initial ranging code.
- Access detection issues including:
- Obtaining a module when used for multiple time domain signals received via multiple antennas, respectively performing the following operations for each time domain signal to obtain a sequence generated by the differential operation: performing fast Fourier transform FFT on the time domain signal, after the transform Obtaining a ranging signal on the ranging subcarrier of the obtained frequency domain signal; Phase compensation is performed on sequences of symbols other than the first symbol, and the compensation value is an equivalent phase delay of the cyclic prefix CP length; the sequence of the first symbol and the sequence obtained by phase compensation of other symbols are weighted.
- the adding module is configured to add the sequence values of the obtained sequence generated by the difference operation to obtain the added sequence, and perform FFT; calculate the power determining peak of the sequence obtained by the FFT transform Ratio
- a third determining module configured to: when the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determine that the received time domain signal carries a ranging code, where the first threshold is not less than a preset detection rate upper limit Corresponding threshold.
- the method and the device provided by the embodiments of the present invention add and combine two or more symbols included in the ranging signal in the frequency domain, thereby improving the signal to noise ratio, thereby solving the low signal to noise ratio mentioned in the background art.
- the detection rate of the ranging code is low, so that the system is limited by the problem of the uplink initial ranging code access detection, and the performance of the system is improved.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a first method for detecting a ranging code according to an embodiment of the present invention; a flowchart of a first method for determining a rate;
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a second ranging code according to an embodiment of the present invention. a flowchart of a second method for determining a rate;
- FIG. 5 is a specific flowchart of a method for detecting a ranging code according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a first ranging code detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a computing module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a first ranging code detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a second ranging code detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an obtaining module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an adding module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a second structure of a second ranging code detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
- the embodiment of the present invention provides two ranging code detection methods.
- the first method for detecting a ranging code provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applicable to an application scenario in which a signal is received by using a single antenna.
- the specific processing flow is shown in FIG. 1 , and the method includes:
- Step 101 Acquire a ranging signal.
- the fast Fourier transform FFT is performed on the time domain signal received by the single antenna, and the ranging signal is obtained on the ranging subcarrier of the frequency domain signal obtained after the transform, and the ranging signal is composed of at least two symbols in the time domain. .
- Step 102 Perform phase compensation.
- Step 103 Perform weighted combining.
- the sequence of the first symbol and the sequence obtained by phase compensation of each of the other symbols are weighted and combined to obtain a combined sequence.
- the weighted weight is between [0, 1], and the sum of the weights is equal to 1 and is proportional to the amount of data information carried on each symbol.
- Step 104 Perform correlation operations, differential operations, and FFTs.
- the local code is sequentially selected in the stored code table, and the correlation operation is performed by using the sequence of the selected local code and the merged sequence.
- Step 105 Determine a peak-to-average ratio.
- the peak-to-average ratio is determined according to the power of each value in the sequence generated by the differential operation and the FFT transformation, and the peak-to-average ratio is the ratio of the peak power to the mean power of each value of the sequence generated by the differential operation and the transformation.
- Step 106 When the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determine that the received time domain signal carries the ranging code.
- the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, it is determined that the received time domain signal carries a ranging code, and the first threshold is not less than a threshold corresponding to the upper limit of the preset ranging code detection rate.
- the ranging signal is composed of at least two symbols in the time domain, wherein, from the perspective of the time domain, the other symbols located after the first symbol are copies of the first symbol; From the perspective of the domain, the subcarriers occupied by the symbols in the frequency domain are identical. Therefore, the process in which the ranging signal is affected by independent Gaussian white noise after passing through the channel can be regarded as the same signal undergoing two different interferences.
- the signal-to-noise ratio after adding and combining the signals of different white noise interferences is S times, and S is a positive integer.
- the ranging signal two or more symbols are added and combined in the frequency domain, and the ranging signal pair can be
- the signal-to-noise ratio should be more than doubled.
- adding and combining two symbols in the frequency domain can increase the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of about 3 dB.
- the CP of other symbols except the first symbol needs to be added at the end of the symbol.
- the phase deflection in the frequency domain is brought about. Therefore, it is not possible to directly add more than two symbols.
- the compensated frequency domain value, ⁇ is the CP length
- N is the equivalent phase delay of cp length, exp (- / iL k)
- the compensation value is N .
- the weighted weight is proportional to the amount of data information carried on each symbol.
- the weighted weight may be further defined.
- the weighted weight may be further defined according to the coverage radius of the cell, and each weight is defined. It is proportional to the coverage radius of the small cell in which it is located.
- the weighted weights can also be defined according to other cell environments or conditions, and the accuracy of the sequence obtained after the weighted combination can be increased.
- the two existing symbols are described as an example, and one weight is set for each of the two symbols according to the proportion of the amount of data information carried on the two symbols.
- the obtained merged expression is as follows: ⁇ ' ⁇ + ' i ⁇ , where Y k represents the sequence obtained by combining the two symbols.
- adding and combining two or more symbols included in the ranging signal in the frequency domain can improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and further can solve the ranging caused by the low signal-to-noise ratio mentioned in the background art.
- the code detection rate is low, so that the system is limited by the problem of uplink initial ranging code access detection, and the performance of the system is improved.
- step 104 is performed in a differential operation and an FFT.
- the embodiment of the present invention provides a preferred implementation manner. The specific process is shown in FIG. 2:
- Step 201 Map the correlated frequency domain sequence to the ranging subcarrier.
- Step 202 Perform differential operations on the sequence carried on the ranging subcarriers in sequence.
- V where l ⁇ n ⁇ M, n, M is a positive integer, M is the maximum interval of subcarriers, ⁇ / is the interval between two adjacent subcarriers, K represents the set of all ranging subcarriers, H k and H k+n is the channel correlation coefficient, and C k and C k+n are sequences corresponding to the local code C, 1.
- I the time offset of the received time domain signal
- N is the value of the system FFT window size.
- Step 203 Perform zero-padding and fast Fourier transform.
- the sequence of length M is complemented by N t -M 0s, and the sequence of length N t formed after zero padding is subjected to FFT, where N t is located at [N/8, N Between, and N t is progressive by a power of two.
- step 203 when the local code is a ranging code sent by the user, the sequence obtained after the FFT operation is a quasi-function waveform, and the peak is located at the position of the user.
- the channel coefficient also has a certain influence on the detection rate. If the channel coefficient is too large, the detection rate is also greatly reduced.
- the present invention is implemented.
- the example provides a solution by utilizing the characteristics in the coherent bandwidth. The characteristics are as follows: When the two subcarriers participating in the differential operation should be located within the coherence bandwidth of the channel, the influence of the channel coefficients can be eliminated by the differential operation between the subcarriers.
- the subcarriers with the interval smaller than the coherent bandwidth are calculated, and compared with the fading multiplication of the subcarriers with only the interval of 1 to eliminate the fading effect of the channel, better performance can be obtained with a small amount of calculation.
- step 106 according to the comparison result between the peak-to-average ratio and the first threshold, whether the ranging code is included in the time domain signal is included in the background signal, and the performance of the ranging detection algorithm is generally measured.
- the detection rate is proportional to the false alarm rate, the detection rate is high, and the corresponding false alarm rate is also increased, and the detection rate is improved. If the alarm rate is low, the corresponding threshold rate is reduced, and a low false alarm rate cannot be obtained while ensuring a high detection rate.
- the embodiment of the present invention proposes to determine the first threshold value and the second threshold value.
- the method of the ranging code is as follows: After confirming that the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determining that the received time-domain signal carries the ranging code, determining that the peak-to-peak ratio is greater than the second threshold, wherein, the peak The peak ratio is the ratio of the peak power of each value of the sequence generated by the differential operation and the conversion to the mean value of the peak power corresponding to each local code, and the second threshold is not less than the gate corresponding to the lower limit of the preset ranging code alarm rate. Value.
- the first threshold value depends on the signal-to-noise ratio and the specific channel environment.
- the first threshold value ranges from [12, 16], usually, in [12, 16]. Can be used when taking values Enough to ensure a high detection rate.
- the second threshold value also depends on the signal-to-noise ratio and the specific channel environment. Preferably, the second threshold value ranges from [3, 6], and is usually taken in [3, 6]. A low false alarm rate can be guaranteed for the value.
- the method of determining the ranging code by combining the first threshold value and the second threshold value overcomes the contradiction between the detection rate and the false alarm rate caused by simply relying on the peak-to-average ratio detection ranging code, and can improve the detection.
- the rate is guaranteed to achieve a lower false alarm rate.
- the method of determining the ranging code by combining the first threshold value and the second threshold value that is, the method of determining the ranging code by using the peak-to-average ratio and the peak-to-peak ratio
- there may be other methods for determining the ranging code it is possible to increase the detection rate while ensuring a low false alarm rate.
- the second method for detecting a distance detection code provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applicable to an application scenario in which a signal is received by using multiple antennas.
- the specific processing flow is as shown in FIG. 3, and includes: Step 301: Receiving through multiple antennas When multiple time domain signals are used, the following operations are performed on each of the time domain signals to obtain a sequence generated by the differential operation; specifically, the fast Fourier transform FFT is performed on the time domain signal, and the frequency domain signal obtained after the transform is obtained.
- the ranging signal is composed of at least two symbols in the time domain; phase compensation is performed on sequences of other symbols except the first symbol, and the compensation value is a cyclic prefix CP length, etc. Effect phase delay; weighting and merging the sequence of the first symbol and the sequence obtained by phase compensation of other symbols to obtain a combined sequence, wherein the weighted weight is between [0, 1], and each weight And equal to 1, and is proportional to the amount of data information carried on each symbol; select the local code in turn in the stored code table, using the selection The combined sequence of the local code sequences with correlation operation, the correlation operation and differential operation sequence obtained.
- Step 302 Add the sequence values of the obtained plurality of sequence operations generated by the difference operation to obtain the added sequence, and perform FFT.
- Step 303 Calculate the power of the sequence obtained by the FFT transformation, and determine a peak-to-average ratio.
- the peak-to-average ratio is the ratio of the peak power to the mean power of each value of the sequence generated after the differential operation and transformation.
- Step 304 When the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determine that the received time domain signal carries a ranging code, and the first threshold is not less than a threshold corresponding to the upper limit of the preset ranging code detection rate.
- Step 301 When implemented, the ranging signal is composed of at least two symbols in the time domain, wherein, from the perspective of the time domain, the other symbols located after the first symbol are copies of the first symbol; From the perspective of the domain, the subcarriers occupied by the symbols in the frequency domain are identical.
- the sequence is separately compensated, wherein i, j, k are positive integers, i > 2,
- N is the FFT window value, indicating the frequency domain value of the kth subcarrier of the ith symbol, indicating the ith symbol Phase exp(k / - ⁇ iL k) of the kth subcarrier
- the compensated frequency domain value, ⁇ is the CP length
- N is the equivalent phase delay of cp length, exp(— / ⁇ iL k)
- the compensation value is N .
- the weighted weight is proportional to the amount of data information carried on each symbol.
- the weighted weight may be further defined.
- the weighted weight may be further defined according to the coverage radius of the cell, and each weight is defined. It is proportional to the coverage radius of the small cell in which it is located.
- weighted The weight can also be defined according to other community environments or conditions, and the accuracy of the sequence obtained by weighted combination can be increased.
- two symbols are taken as an example for illustration, and one weight is given to each of the two symbols according to the proportion of the amount of data information carried on the two symbols.
- the obtained combination is as follows: ⁇ + ' 1 ⁇ , where Y k represents the frequency domain sequence obtained by combining the two symbols.
- adding and combining two or more symbols included in the ranging signal in the frequency domain can improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and further can solve the ranging caused by the low signal-to-noise ratio mentioned in the background art.
- the code detection rate is low, so that the system is limited by the problem of uplink initial ranging code access detection, and the performance of the system is improved.
- step 301 and step 302 the mapped ranging subcarriers are differentially operated, and the sequence values on the plurality of antennas generated by the differential operation are added to obtain the added values.
- the sequence determines the corresponding power of each point in the added sequence, and calculates the peak-to-average ratio.
- FIG. 4 The specific processing manner is as shown in FIG. 4, including:
- Step 401 Map the sequence obtained after the correlation operation to the corresponding ranging subcarrier.
- Step 402 Perform differential operations on the sequence carried on the ranging subcarriers in sequence.
- sequence carried on the ranging subcarriers with a distance of " ⁇ / is sequentially subjected to a differential operation according to the following formula to obtain a sequence of length ⁇ :
- N is the system FFT window size.
- Step 403 Perform an adding operation.
- the differential post-sequences of the plurality of antennas generated by the differential operation are correspondingly added to obtain an added sequence of length M;
- Step 404 zero padding and performing fast Fourier transform.
- the sequence of length M is complemented by N t -M 0s, and the sequence of length N t formed after zero padding is subjected to FFT, where N t is located at [N/8, N Between, and N t is progressive by a power of two.
- step 403 when the local code is the ranging code sent by the user, the sequence obtained by the FFT operation is a quasi-function waveform, and the peak is located at the time of the user.
- step 402 the sequence of multiple antennas generated by the differential operation is correspondingly added to obtain an added frequency-sequence sequence of length M, which is avoided as mentioned in other ranging code detection methods.
- Each antenna data is subjected to an FFT operation (or IFFT operation), which can greatly reduce the amount of calculation and save resources.
- the channel coefficient In the process of detecting and determining the ranging code, the channel coefficient also has a certain influence on the detection rate. If the channel coefficient is too large, the detection rate is also greatly reduced.
- the present invention is implemented.
- the example provides a solution by utilizing the characteristics in the coherent bandwidth.
- the characteristics are as follows: When the two subcarriers participating in the differential operation should be located within the coherence bandwidth of the channel, the influence of the channel coefficients can be eliminated by the differential operation between the subcarriers.
- the solution is as follows: Take two subcarriers with subcarrier spacing less than the coherent bandwidth for differential operation.
- the subcarriers with the interval smaller than the coherent bandwidth are calculated, and compared with the fading multiplication of the subcarriers with only the interval of 1 to eliminate the fading effect of the channel, the calculation can be better with a small amount of calculation. Performance.
- step 304 according to the comparison result between the peak-to-average ratio and the first threshold, whether the ranging code is included in the time domain signal is included, as mentioned in the background art, the performance of the ranging detection algorithm is generally measured.
- detection rate is proportional to the false alarm rate, the detection rate is high, and the corresponding false alarm rate is also increased, and the detection rate is improved. If the problem is low, the corresponding false alarm rate is also reduced, and a low false alarm rate cannot be obtained while ensuring a high detection rate.
- the embodiment of the present invention proposes combining the first threshold and the second threshold.
- the method for determining the ranging code is as follows: After confirming that the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determining that the received time-domain signal carries the ranging code, determining that the peak-to-peak ratio is greater than the second threshold, where The peak-to-peak ratio is the ratio of the peak power of each value of the sequence generated by the differential operation and the conversion to the mean value of the peak power corresponding to each local code, and the second threshold is not less than the corresponding lower limit of the preset ranging code alarm rate. door Value.
- the first threshold value depends on the signal-to-noise ratio and the specific channel environment.
- the first threshold value ranges from [12, 16], usually, in [12, 16]. A high detection rate can be ensured when the value is taken.
- the second threshold value also depends on the signal-to-noise ratio and the specific channel environment. Preferably, the second threshold value ranges from [3, 6], and is usually taken in [3, 6]. A low false alarm rate can be guaranteed for the value.
- the method of determining the ranging code by combining the first threshold value and the second threshold value overcomes the contradiction between the detection rate and the false alarm rate caused by simply relying on the peak-to-average ratio detection ranging code, and can improve the detection.
- the rate is guaranteed to achieve a lower false alarm rate.
- the method of determining the ranging code by combining the first threshold value and the second threshold value that is, the method of determining the ranging code by using the peak-to-average ratio and the peak-to-peak ratio
- there may be other methods for determining the ranging code it is possible to increase the detection rate while ensuring a low false alarm rate.
- the 4 antenna is received, and the 10M system is used.
- the 10M system is used.
- four time domain signals can be synchronously received, and the ranging subcarriers occupy 144 of all 1024 subcarriers, and each ranging signal includes two symbols, respectively, symbol 1, symbol 2, CP.
- the length of the system is 1024.
- the size of the system FFT window is 1024.
- the number of local codes stored in the code table is 64. For details, see Figure 5, including:
- Step 501 Each antenna receives the time domain signal, and transforms to the frequency domain by FFT, and completes phase compensation of symbol 2 and weighted combining processing with symbol 1.
- Step 502 Take a local code to perform a correlation operation; specifically, take a local code 0 noir( 0 ⁇ ⁇ 64 ),
- Step 503 Perform a determination of the ranging code according to the power peak value and the average value, and obtain a time offset.
- the method specifically includes:
- the received time domain data is transformed into the frequency domain by FFT to obtain frequency domain data
- the method specifically includes: performing differential operation processing on the sequence in which the local code C m and the Yi ' k are related to each other, that is,
- the four receiving antenna data are processed according to the above steps, and four sequences of length M are obtained;
- the above operation is performed for all the local codes C to obtain 64 P avg , and pos m .
- the method specifically includes:
- TP m is compared with the second threshold TH2. If PAPR m >jm and PTP ⁇ Tm, the candidate code is regarded as the measurement sent by the user. Distance code, go to the next One-step processing; otherwise, the next local code is processed directly.
- an embodiment of the present invention further provides a ranging code detecting device.
- the specific structure is as shown in FIG. 6, and includes:
- a compensation module 601 configured to perform fast Fourier transform on a time domain signal received through a single antenna
- the FFT acquiring a ranging signal on a ranging subcarrier of the frequency domain signal obtained after the transform, the ranging signal is composed of at least two symbols in the time domain; and respectively performing phase sequences of other symbols except the first symbol Compensation, the compensation value is the equivalent phase delay of the cyclic prefix CP length;
- the weighting module 602 is configured to weight combine the sequence of the first symbol and the sequence obtained by phase compensation of the other symbols to obtain a combined sequence, wherein the weighted weight is between [0, 1], and each weight The sum of the values is equal to 1 and is proportional to the amount of data carried on each symbol;
- the calculating module 603 is configured to sequentially select a local code in the stored code table, perform a correlation operation using the sequence of the selected local code and the combined sequence, perform a differential operation and an FFT on the sequence obtained after the correlation operation, and calculate the The power of each value in the sequence generated by the differential operation and the transformation; the peak-to-average ratio is determined according to the power of each value in the sequence generated by the difference operation and the transformation, and the peak-to-average ratio is the sequence value generated after the differential operation and the transformation a ratio of the peak power to the average power; the first determining module 604, configured to: when the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determine that the received time domain signal carries the ranging code, and the first threshold is not less than Set the threshold corresponding to the upper limit of the range detection rate.
- the weighting module 602 can be further configured to: The coverage radius of the region determines the weighted weight, wherein the weighted weight is proportional to the coverage radius of the cell in which the single antenna is located.
- the calculation module 603 specifically includes: a first mapping sub-module 701, configured to map the sequence obtained after the correlation operation to the corresponding ranging subcarrier;
- V is divided to obtain a sequence of length M, where l ⁇ n ⁇ M, n, M are positive integers, M is the maximum interval of subcarriers, ⁇ / is the interval between two adjacent subcarriers, and K is all measurements From the set of subcarriers, 3 ⁇ 4 and Hk+n are channel correlation coefficients, and Ck and Ck+n are sequences corresponding to the local code C.
- N is the system FFT window size
- the first transform sub-module 703 is configured to complement the sequence of length M after the differential operation by N t -M 0, and perform FFT on the sequence of length N t formed after zero-padding, where N t is not Less than M, located between [N/8, N], and the value of N t is equal to the power of 2.
- the number of carrier pairs with a spacing of " ⁇ /" in the set of ranging subcarriers K is the number of carrier pairs with a spacing of " ⁇ /" in the set of ranging subcarriers K.
- the ranging code detecting apparatus may further include: a second determining module 801, configured to determine that a peak-to-peak ratio is greater than a second threshold, wherein an average value of the peak-to-peak power The ratio of the second threshold is not less than a threshold corresponding to a lower limit of the preset ranging code alarm rate.
- the embodiment of the present invention further provides another ranging code detecting device.
- the specific structure is as shown in FIG. 9, and includes:
- the obtaining module 901 is configured to perform, for each time domain signal, a sequence generated by the differential operation when performing multiple time domain signals received through multiple antennas: performing fast Fourier transform FFT on the time domain signal, and transforming Obtaining a ranging signal on the ranging subcarrier of the obtained frequency domain signal, where the ranging signal is composed of at least two symbols in the time domain; phase compensation is performed on sequences of other symbols except the first symbol, The compensation value is an equivalent phase delay of the cyclic prefix CP length; the sequence of the first symbol and the sequence obtained by phase compensation of each symbol are weighted and combined to obtain a combined sequence, wherein the weighted weight is located at [0, Between 1], the sum of the weights is equal to 1 and is proportional to the amount of data information carried on each symbol; the local code is sequentially selected in the stored code table, and the sequence of the selected local code and the merged sequence are used. Perform correlation operations and perform differential operations on sequences obtained after correlation operations;
- the adding module 902 is configured to add the sequence values of the obtained sequence generated by the difference operation to obtain the added sequence, and perform FFT; calculate the power of the sequence obtained by the FFT transform, and determine a peak-to-average ratio, wherein the peak-to-average ratio is a ratio of a peak power to a mean power of each value of the sequence generated after the differential operation and the transformation;
- the third determining module 903 is configured to: when the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determine that the received time domain signal carries the ranging code, where the first threshold is not less than the upper limit of the preset ranging code detection rate. The corresponding threshold value.
- the obtaining module 901 may be further configured to: determine a weighted weight according to a coverage radius of a cell where the multiple antennas are located, where the weighted weight is proportional to a coverage radius of a cell where the multiple antennas are located.
- the obtaining module 901 may include: a second mapping sub-module 1001, configured to map the sequence obtained after the correlation operation to the corresponding ranging subcarrier;
- V is divided to obtain a sequence of length M, where l ⁇ n ⁇ M, n, M are positive integers, M is the maximum interval of subcarriers, ⁇ / is the interval between two adjacent subcarriers, and K is all measurements From the set of subcarriers, 3 ⁇ 4 and Hk+n are channel correlation coefficients, Ck and Ck+n are sequences corresponding to local code C, 10 is the time offset of the received time domain signal, and N is the system FFT window. size.
- the adding module 902 may include: an adding sub-module 1101, where values of a sequence of a sequence of length ⁇ obtained after the differential operation are correspondingly added to obtain a phase The sequence after the addition, the length of the added sequence is ⁇ ;
- the second transform sub-module 1102 is configured to complement N t -M 0s after the addition, the sequence of length ⁇ , and perform FFT on the sequence of length N t formed after zero-padding, where N t is not Less than M, located between [N/8, N], and the value of N t is equal to the power of 2.
- the ranging code detecting apparatus may further include:
- the fourth determining module 1201 is configured to determine that a peak-to-peak ratio is greater than a second threshold, where a peak-to-peak ratio is a ratio of a mean value of the power, and the second threshold is not less than a gate corresponding to a lower limit of the preset ranging code Limit.
- adding and combining two or more symbols included in the ranging signal in the frequency domain can improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and further can solve the ranging caused by the low signal-to-noise ratio mentioned in the background art.
- the code detection rate is low, so that the system is limited by the problem of uplink initial ranging code access detection, and the performance of the system is improved.
- the method for determining the ranging code by combining the first threshold value and the second threshold value overcomes the contradiction between the detection rate and the false alarm rate caused by simply relying on the peak-to-average ratio detection ranging code, and can Increase the detection rate while ensuring a low false alarm rate.
- the subcarriers with the interval smaller than the coherent bandwidth are calculated, and the conjugate is multiplied by the subcarriers with the interval of 1 to eliminate the fading effect of the channel, the calculation amount is greatly reduced, the computation complexity is reduced, and the computation is reduced.
- the use of resources can save resources, improve resource utilization, and achieve better performance with a small amount of computation.
- the frequency domain values of the plurality of frequency division sequences generated by the differential operation are correspondingly added to obtain the added frequency division sequence of length M, which is avoided as mentioned in other ranging code detection methods.
- Each sequence obtained after the differential operation is subjected to an FFT operation, which can greatly reduce the amount of calculation and save resources.
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Abstract
A method for detecting ranging code is provided by the present invention,which includes: performing a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for the received time domain signal, obtaining the ranging signal from the ranging subcarrier of the frequency domain signal which is obtained after the transformation, wherein, the ranging signal is composed of at least two symbols in the time domain; performing phase compensation and weighted combination for the sequence of the symbols except for the first symbol, and obtaining the combined sequence; selecting the local codes in turn from the stored code list, performing correlation operation, difference operation and FFT with the selected local code sequence and the combined sequence, calculating the power of the sequence generated after the FFT, and obtaining the Peak-to-Mean Ratio of the sequence; when the Peak-to-Mean Ratio is higher than a first threshold, determining that the received time domain signal carries the ranging code. Other Apparatus and methods for detecting ranging code are also provided by the present invention. Application of the present invention can improve the detection ratio of the ranging code.
Description
测距码检测方法和装置 技术领域 Ranging code detection method and device
本发明涉及移动宽带无线领域, 尤其涉及一种测距码检测方法和装置。 背景技术 The present invention relates to the field of mobile broadband wireless, and in particular, to a method and device for detecting a ranging code. Background technique
IEEE ( Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers , 电气和电子工程 师学会) 802.16e 是一种以 OFDMA ( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access, 正交频分多址)技术为基础的移动宽带无线接入*** 的标准。测距是 802.16e协议规定 OFDMA***中一种用于调整移动用户载 波频偏、 定时偏差和接收功率的过程。 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.16e is a standard for mobile broadband wireless access systems based on OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access) technology. Ranging is a process used in the 802.16e protocol to adjust the mobile subscriber carrier frequency offset, timing offset, and received power in an OFDMA system.
通常, 基站会指定时频资源块让移动用户进行测距, 该资源块被称为 测距区(ranging region )。 802.16e协议规定了四种测距方式, 基站会针对不 同的测距方式指定一组相应的测距码, 该测距码是一种 CDMA ( Code Division Multiple Access, 码分多址接入 )码。 Generally, the base station specifies a time-frequency resource block for the mobile user to perform ranging, and the resource block is called a ranging region. The 802.16e protocol specifies four ranging methods. The base station specifies a corresponding ranging code for different ranging methods. The ranging code is a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) code. .
进行初始测距时, 移动用户从基站指定的码表中选择一个测距码在指 定的测距区上发送, 用来完成上行测距过程的***参数估计和调整。 基站 从接收到的测距信号中检测出移动用户发送的测距码并计算其时偏、 频偏 等信息, 然后反馈给发送测距码的移动用户。 移动用户再根据这些信息调 整自己的发送参数。 When the initial ranging is performed, the mobile user selects a ranging code from the code table specified by the base station to be transmitted on the specified ranging area, and is used to complete system parameter estimation and adjustment of the uplink ranging process. The base station detects the ranging code sent by the mobile user from the received ranging signal and calculates information such as time offset and frequency offset, and then feeds back to the mobile user transmitting the ranging code. The mobile user then adjusts his own transmission parameters based on this information.
目前釆用的测距码检测方法主要是根据测距码的自相关特性进行的, 可以分为时域相关法和频域相关法。 前者是指基站对接收的时域数据不做 At present, the detection method of the ranging code is mainly based on the autocorrelation property of the ranging code, and can be divided into a time domain correlation method and a frequency domain correlation method. The former means that the base station does not do the time domain data received.
FFT ( Fast Fourier Transform, 快速傅立叶变换), 直接与本地码进行相关、 峰值检测操作; 后者是指基站对接收到的时域数据 FFT变换后, 抽取测距 子信道上的值再与本地码进行相关运算、 IFFT ( Inverse Fast Fourier
Transform, 快速傅里叶逆变换)等操作。 FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), which directly correlates with the local code and detects the peak value; the latter refers to the FFT of the received time domain data after the base station transforms the value on the ranging subchannel and the local code. Perform correlation operations, IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform, Fast Fourier Transform) and other operations.
在实际实用中, 由于时域相关法存在计算量非常大、 易受数据用户的 干扰等问题而很少被釆用。 频域相关法的思想简洁, 实现简单、 IFFT运算 的引入又使得计算量大大少于时域相关法, 因此实际中通常被用来进行测 距码的检测。 In practical practice, the time domain correlation method is rarely used because of the large amount of computation and the vulnerability of data users. The idea of frequency domain correlation method is simple, the implementation is simple, and the introduction of IFFT operation makes the calculation amount much less than the time domain correlation method. Therefore, it is usually used to detect the distance measurement code.
衡量测距检测算法性能一般有两个指标: 检测率和虚警率。 虚警率是 指检测出用户没有发送的测距码的概率。 随着各种先进技术如 MIMO ( Multiple-Input Multiple-Out-put , 多输入多输出 )、 波束成形技术 beamforming等的运用, 基站的下行覆盖、吞吐量等性能指标得到了大幅提 升, ***正常工作的灵敏度(即信噪比)也进一步降低。 但是, 频域相关 法在低信噪比下的检测率极低, 使得***性能受限于上行的初始测距码接 入检测。 目前釆用的 ranging检测方法大多只考虑了信噪比在 OdB以上的应 用场景, 对于信噪比远低于 OdB的情况并未加以考虑, 因此在低信噪比下 性能不理想。 此外, 很多 ranging检测方法都是在 AWGN ( Additive white Gaussian noise, 加性高斯白噪声)信道下推导出来的, 而实际应用环境中, 信道多为多径衰落信道, 与检测方法的环境并不匹配, 会导致对测距码的 检测率进一步下降。 发明内容 There are generally two indicators for measuring the performance of the ranging detection algorithm: detection rate and false alarm rate. The false alarm rate is the probability of detecting a ranging code that the user has not sent. With the application of various advanced technologies such as MIMO (Multi-Input Multiple-Output) and beamforming technology, the performance indicators such as downlink coverage and throughput of the base station have been greatly improved, and the system works normally. The sensitivity (ie, signal to noise ratio) is further reduced. However, the frequency domain correlation method has a very low detection rate at low SNR, which makes the system performance limited by the uplink initial ranging code access detection. At present, most of the range detection methods used only consider application scenarios where the signal-to-noise ratio is above OdB. For the case where the signal-to-noise ratio is much lower than OdB, the performance is not satisfactory at low SNR. In addition, many ranging detection methods are derived under the AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) channel. In actual application environments, the channels are mostly multipath fading channels, which do not match the detection method environment. , will lead to a further decline in the detection rate of the ranging code. Summary of the invention
本发明实施例提供一种测距码检测方法, 用以解决现有技术中提出的 测距码检测方法在低信噪比下的检测率极低, 使得***性能受限于上行的 初始测距码接入检测的问题, 包括: The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting a ranging code, which is used to solve the problem that the detection rate of the ranging code detection method proposed in the prior art is extremely low at a low SNR, so that the system performance is limited by the initial ranging of the uplink. Code access detection issues, including:
对经单天线接收的时域信号进行快速傅立叶变换 FFT, 在变换后获得 的频域信号的测距子载波上获取测距信号; Performing a fast Fourier transform FFT on the time domain signal received by the single antenna, and acquiring a ranging signal on the ranging subcarrier of the frequency domain signal obtained after the transform;
对除第一个符号外的其他符号的序列分别进行相位补偿, 补偿值为循 环前缀 CP长度的等效相位延迟;
对第一个符号的序列及其他各符号经相位补偿后获得的序列进行加权 合并, 获得合并后的序列, 其中加权的权值位于 〔0, 1〕之间, 各权值之 和等于 1 , 且与各符号上携带的数据信息量成正比; Phase compensation is performed on sequences of other symbols except the first symbol, and the compensation value is an equivalent phase delay of the cyclic prefix CP length; The sequence of the first symbol and the sequence obtained by phase compensation of each of the other symbols are weighted and combined to obtain a combined sequence, wherein the weighted weight is between [0, 1], and the sum of the weights is equal to 1 . And proportional to the amount of data information carried on each symbol;
在已存储的码表中依次选择本地码, 利用选择的本地码的序列与合并 后的序列进行相关运算; Selecting a local code in the stored code table, and performing a correlation operation using the sequence of the selected local code and the merged sequence;
对相关运算后得到的序列进行差分操作及 FFT, 并计算经差分操作及 变换后生成的序列中各值的功率; Performing a differential operation and an FFT on the sequence obtained after the correlation operation, and calculating the power of each value in the sequence generated by the differential operation and the transformation;
根据经差分操作及变换后生成的序列中各值的功率确定峰均比; 当峰均比大于第一门限值时, 确定接收的时域信号中携带有测距码, 所述第一门限值不小于预设测距码检测率上限所对应的门限值。 Determining a peak-to-average ratio according to the power of each value in the sequence generated by the differential operation and the transformation; when the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determining that the received time domain signal carries a ranging code, the first gate The limit is not less than the threshold corresponding to the upper limit of the preset range detection rate.
本发明实施例还提供一种测距码检测方法, 用以解决现有技术中提出 的测距码检测方法在低信噪比下的检测率极低, 使得***性能受限于上行 的初始测距码接入检测的问题, 包括: The embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for detecting a ranging code, which is used to solve the problem that the detection method of the ranging code detection method proposed in the prior art has a very low detection rate at a low SNR, so that the system performance is limited by the initial measurement of the uplink. The problem of code access detection includes:
经由多天线接收的多个时域信号时, 分别对每个时域信号均进行如下 操作以获得经差分操作生成的序列: 对时域信号进行快速傅立叶变换 FFT, 在变换后获得的频域信号的测距子载波上获取测距信号; 对除第一个符号 外的其他符号的序列分别进行相位补偿,补偿值为循环前缀 CP长度的等效 相位延迟; 对第一个符号的序列及其他各符号经相位补偿后获得的序列进 行加权合并, 获得合并后的序列, 其中加权的权值位于 〔0, 1〕之间, 各 权值之和等于 1 , 且与各符号上携带的数据信息量成正比; 在已存储的码表 中依次选择本地码, 利用选择的本地码的序列与合并后的序列进行相关运 算, 并对相关运算后得到的序列进行差分操作; When a plurality of time domain signals are received via multiple antennas, each of the time domain signals is separately operated to obtain a sequence generated by the differential operation: performing a fast Fourier transform FFT on the time domain signal, and obtaining a frequency domain signal after the transform. Obtaining a ranging signal on the ranging subcarrier; performing phase compensation on the sequences of other symbols except the first symbol, the compensation value is an equivalent phase delay of the cyclic prefix CP length; the sequence of the first symbol and other The sequences obtained by phase compensation of each symbol are weighted and combined to obtain a combined sequence, wherein the weighted weights are located between [0, 1], the sum of the weights is equal to 1, and the data information carried on each symbol The quantity is proportional; the local code is sequentially selected in the stored code table, the correlation operation is performed by using the sequence of the selected local code and the combined sequence, and the sequence obtained after the correlation operation is differentially operated;
将获得的多个经差分操作生成的序列的序列各值对应相加, 得到相加 后的序列, 并进行 FFT; Combining the obtained sequence values of the plurality of sequences generated by the differential operation to obtain the added sequence, and performing FFT;
计算出经 FFT变换后得到的序列的功率确定峰均比;
当峰均比大于第一门限值时, 确定接收的时域信号中携带有测距码, 所述第一门限值不小于预设测距码检测率上限所对应的门限值。 Calculating the power-determined peak-to-average ratio of the sequence obtained by the FFT transformation; When the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, it is determined that the received time domain signal carries a ranging code, and the first threshold is not less than a threshold corresponding to the upper limit of the preset ranging code detection rate.
本发明实施例还提供一种测距码检测装置, 用以解决现有技术中提出 的测距码检测方法在低信噪比下的检测率极低, 使得***性能受限于上行 的初始测距码接入检测的问题, 包括: The embodiment of the present invention further provides a ranging code detecting device, which is used to solve the problem that the detection rate of the ranging code detecting method proposed in the prior art is extremely low at a low SNR, so that the system performance is limited by the initial measurement of the uplink. The problem of code access detection includes:
补偿模块, 用于对经单天线接收的时域信号进行快速傅立叶变换 FFT, 在变换后获得的频域信号的测距子载波上获取测距信号; 对除第一个符号 外的其他符号的序列分别进行相位补偿,补偿值为循环前缀 CP长度的等效 相位延迟; a compensation module, configured to perform fast Fourier transform FFT on the time domain signal received by the single antenna, and obtain a ranging signal on the ranging subcarrier of the frequency domain signal obtained after the transform; and other symbols except the first symbol The sequence is separately phase compensated, and the compensation value is an equivalent phase delay of the cyclic prefix CP length;
加权模块, 用于对第一个符号的序列及其他各符号经相位补偿后获得 的序列进行加权合并, 获得合并后的序列, 其中加权的权值位于 〔0, 1〕 之间, 各权值之和等于 1 , 且与各符号上携带的数据信息量成正比; a weighting module, configured to weight combine the sequence of the first symbol and the sequence obtained by phase compensation of the other symbols to obtain a combined sequence, wherein the weighted weight is between [0, 1], each weight The sum is equal to 1 and is proportional to the amount of data carried on each symbol;
计算模块, 用于在已存储的码表中依次选择本地码, 利用选择的本地 码的序列与合并后的序列进行相关运算; 对相关运算后得到的序列进行差 分操作及 FFT, 并计算经差分操作及变换后生成的序列中各值的功率; 计 算出经 FFT变换后得到的序列的功率确定峰均比; a calculation module, configured to sequentially select a local code in the stored code table, perform a correlation operation by using the selected local code sequence and the merged sequence; perform differential operation and FFT on the sequence obtained after the correlation operation, and calculate the difference The power of each value in the sequence generated after operation and transformation; calculating the peak-to-average ratio of the power of the sequence obtained by the FFT transformation;
第一确定模块, 用于当峰均比大于第一门限值时, 确定接收的时域信 号中携带有测距码, 所述第一门限值不小于预设测距码检测率上限所对应 的门限值。 a first determining module, configured to: when the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determine that the received time domain signal carries a ranging code, where the first threshold is not less than a preset detection rate upper limit Corresponding threshold.
本发明实施例提供一种测距码检测装置, 用以解决现有技术中提出的 测距码方法在低信噪比下的检测率极低, 使得***性能受限于上行的初始 测距码接入检测的问题, 包括: The embodiment of the present invention provides a ranging code detecting apparatus, which is used to solve the problem that the detection method of the ranging code method proposed in the prior art has a very low detection rate at a low SNR, so that the system performance is limited by the uplink initial ranging code. Access detection issues, including:
获得模块, 用于经由多天线接收的多个时域信号时, 分别对每个时域 信号均进行如下操作以获得经差分操作生成的序列: 对时域信号进行快速 傅立叶变换 FFT, 在变换后获得的频域信号的测距子载波上获取测距信号;
对除第一个符号外的其他符号的序列分别进行相位补偿, 补偿值为循环前 缀 CP长度的等效相位延迟;对第一个符号的序列及其他各符号经相位补偿 后获得的序列进行加权合并, 获得合并后的序列,其中加权的权值位于〔0, 1〕之间, 各权值之和等于 1 , 且与各符号上携带的数据信息量成正比; 在 已存储的码表中依次选择本地码, 利用选择的本地码的序列与合并后的序 列进行相关运算, 并对相关运算后得到的序列进行差分操作; Obtaining a module, when used for multiple time domain signals received via multiple antennas, respectively performing the following operations for each time domain signal to obtain a sequence generated by the differential operation: performing fast Fourier transform FFT on the time domain signal, after the transform Obtaining a ranging signal on the ranging subcarrier of the obtained frequency domain signal; Phase compensation is performed on sequences of symbols other than the first symbol, and the compensation value is an equivalent phase delay of the cyclic prefix CP length; the sequence of the first symbol and the sequence obtained by phase compensation of other symbols are weighted. Merging, obtaining a merged sequence, wherein the weighted weights are between [0, 1], the sum of the weights is equal to 1, and is proportional to the amount of data information carried on each symbol; in the stored code table Selecting a local code in turn, performing a correlation operation on the sequence of the selected local code and the merged sequence, and performing a differential operation on the sequence obtained after the correlation operation;
相加模块, 用于将获得的多个经差分操作生成的序列的序列各值对应 相加, 得到相加后的序列, 并进行 FFT; 计算出经 FFT变换后得到的序列 的功率确定峰均比; The adding module is configured to add the sequence values of the obtained sequence generated by the difference operation to obtain the added sequence, and perform FFT; calculate the power determining peak of the sequence obtained by the FFT transform Ratio
第三确定模块, 用于当峰均比大于第一门限值时, 确定接收的时域信 号中携带有测距码, 所述第一门限值不小于预设测距码检测率上限所对应 的门限值。 a third determining module, configured to: when the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determine that the received time domain signal carries a ranging code, where the first threshold is not less than a preset detection rate upper limit Corresponding threshold.
本发明实施例提供的方法及装置, 将测距信号包含的两个以上符号在 频域上进行相加合并, 从而能够提高信噪比, 进而可以解决背景技术中提 到的因低信噪比导致测距码检测率低, 从而使***受限于上行的初始测距 码接入检测的问题, 提高***的性能。 附图说明 The method and the device provided by the embodiments of the present invention add and combine two or more symbols included in the ranging signal in the frequency domain, thereby improving the signal to noise ratio, thereby solving the low signal to noise ratio mentioned in the background art. As a result, the detection rate of the ranging code is low, so that the system is limited by the problem of the uplink initial ranging code access detection, and the performance of the system is improved. DRAWINGS
图 1为本发明实施例提供的第一种测距码检测方法的流程图; 率的第一种确定方法的流程图; 1 is a flowchart of a first method for detecting a ranging code according to an embodiment of the present invention; a flowchart of a first method for determining a rate;
图 3为本发明实施例提供的第二种测距码检测方法的流程图; 率的第二种确定方法的流程图; 3 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a second ranging code according to an embodiment of the present invention; a flowchart of a second method for determining a rate;
图 5为本发明实施例提供的测距码检测方法的具体流程图; FIG. 5 is a specific flowchart of a method for detecting a ranging code according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图 6为本发明实施例提供的第一种测距码检测装置的第一种结构示意
图; FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a first ranging code detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure
图 7为本发明实施例提供的计算模块的结构示意图; FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a computing module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图 8为本发明实施例提供的第一种测距码检测装置的第二种结构示意 图; FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a first ranging code detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.
图 9为本发明实施例提供的第二种测距码检测装置的第一种结构示意 图; FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a second ranging code detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.
图 10为本发明实施例提供的获得模块的结构示意图; FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an obtaining module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图 11为本发明实施例提供的相加模块的结构示意图; FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an adding module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图 12为本发明实施例提供的第二种测距码检测装置的第二种结构示意 图。 具体实施方式 FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a second structure of a second ranging code detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
为解决频域相关法在低信噪比下的检测率极低, 使得***性能受限于 上行的初始测距码接入检测的问题, 本发明实施例提供了两种测距码检测 方法, 一种适用于利用单天线接收信号的应用场景, 另一种适用于利用多 天线接收信号的应用场景。 In order to solve the problem that the frequency domain correlation method has a very low detection rate at a low SNR, the system performance is limited by the uplink initial ranging code access detection. The embodiment of the present invention provides two ranging code detection methods. One application scenario suitable for receiving signals by using a single antenna, and another application scenario for receiving signals by using multiple antennas.
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明实施例提供的第一种测距码检测方法, 适用于利用单天线接收信号的应用场景, 具体处理流程如图 1 所示, 该方 法包括: To solve the above technical problem, the first method for detecting a ranging code provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applicable to an application scenario in which a signal is received by using a single antenna. The specific processing flow is shown in FIG. 1 , and the method includes:
步骤 101、 获取测距信号。 Step 101: Acquire a ranging signal.
具体的, 对经单天线接收的时域信号进行快速傅立叶变换 FFT, 在变 换后获得的频域信号的测距子载波上获取测距信号, 测距信号在时域上由 至少两个符号组成。 Specifically, the fast Fourier transform FFT is performed on the time domain signal received by the single antenna, and the ranging signal is obtained on the ranging subcarrier of the frequency domain signal obtained after the transform, and the ranging signal is composed of at least two symbols in the time domain. .
步骤 102、 进行相位补偿。 Step 102: Perform phase compensation.
具体的, 对除第一个符号外的其他符号的序列分别进行相位补偿, 补 偿值为 CP ( Cyclic Prefix, 循环前缀) 长度的等效相位延迟。
步骤 103、 进行加权合并。 Specifically, the sequences of the symbols other than the first symbol are respectively phase-compensated, and the compensation value is an equivalent phase delay of the length of the CP (Cyclic Prefix). Step 103: Perform weighted combining.
具体的, 对第一个符号的序列及其他各符号经相位补偿后获得的序列 进行加权合并, 获得合并后的序列。 Specifically, the sequence of the first symbol and the sequence obtained by phase compensation of each of the other symbols are weighted and combined to obtain a combined sequence.
其中, 加权的权值位于〔0, 1〕之间, 各权值之和等于 1 , 且与各符号 上携带的数据信息量成正比。 Wherein, the weighted weight is between [0, 1], and the sum of the weights is equal to 1 and is proportional to the amount of data information carried on each symbol.
步骤 104、 进行相关运算、 差分操作及 FFT。 Step 104: Perform correlation operations, differential operations, and FFTs.
具体的, 在已存储的码表中依次选择本地码, 利用选择的本地码的序 列与合并后的序列进行相关运算。 Specifically, the local code is sequentially selected in the stored code table, and the correlation operation is performed by using the sequence of the selected local code and the merged sequence.
对相关运算后得到的序列进行差分操作及 FFT, 并计算经差分操作及 变换后生成的序列中各值的功率。 Perform differential operation and FFT on the sequence obtained after the correlation operation, and calculate the power of each value in the sequence generated after the differential operation and transformation.
步骤 105、 确定峰均比。 Step 105: Determine a peak-to-average ratio.
具体的, 根据经差分操作及 FFT变换后生成的序列中各值的功率, 确 定峰均比, 峰均比为经差分操作及变换后生成的序列各值的峰值功率与均 值功率的比值。 Specifically, the peak-to-average ratio is determined according to the power of each value in the sequence generated by the differential operation and the FFT transformation, and the peak-to-average ratio is the ratio of the peak power to the mean power of each value of the sequence generated by the differential operation and the transformation.
步骤 106、 当峰均比大第一门限值时, 确定接收的时域信号中携带有测 距码。 Step 106: When the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determine that the received time domain signal carries the ranging code.
具体的, 当峰均比大于第一门限值时, 确定接收的时域信号中携带有 测距码, 第一门限值不小于预设测距码检测率上限所对应的门限值。 Specifically, when the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, it is determined that the received time domain signal carries a ranging code, and the first threshold is not less than a threshold corresponding to the upper limit of the preset ranging code detection rate.
步骤 101 在实施时, 测距信号在时域上是由至少两个符号构成的, 其 中, 从时域角度上看, 位于第一个符号后的其他符号是第一个符号的拷贝; 从频域角度上看, 符号在频域上占有的子载波是完全相同的。 因此, 测距 信号经过信道后受到独立的高斯白噪声影响的过程, 可以被视为同一信号 经历两次不同的干扰。 根据随机数字信号处理理论, 将经历 S次不同白噪 声干扰的信号进行相加合并后的信噪比为原来 S倍, S为正整数。 因此, 对 于测距信号而言, 两个以上符号在频域上进行相加合并可以将测距信号对
应的信噪比提高一倍以上。 例如, 当测距信号包括两个符号时, 对两个符 号在频域上进行相加合并可以将其信噪比提高 1倍, 约为 3dB。 除第一个符号外的其他符号的 CP需要添加在符号结尾,对于其他符号 而言, 会带来频域上的相位偏转, 因此, 不能直接将两个以上的符号进行 相加, 为解决该问题, 步骤 102在实施时, 本发明实施例提出对每个符号 进行长度为 CP的相位补偿方法, 具体处理方式如下: 按照公式 Υ;Λ = Υί * xp(-j^k)对其他各符号的序列分别进行相位补 偿, 其中, i、 j、 k均为正整数, i > 2 , N为 FFT窗口值, 表示第 i个符 号的第 k个子载波的频域值, 表示第 i个符号的第 k个子载波的经相位 exp (- / iL k) Step 101 In implementation, the ranging signal is composed of at least two symbols in the time domain, wherein, from the perspective of the time domain, the other symbols located after the first symbol are copies of the first symbol; From the perspective of the domain, the subcarriers occupied by the symbols in the frequency domain are identical. Therefore, the process in which the ranging signal is affected by independent Gaussian white noise after passing through the channel can be regarded as the same signal undergoing two different interferences. According to the theory of random digital signal processing, the signal-to-noise ratio after adding and combining the signals of different white noise interferences is S times, and S is a positive integer. Therefore, for the ranging signal, two or more symbols are added and combined in the frequency domain, and the ranging signal pair can be The signal-to-noise ratio should be more than doubled. For example, when the ranging signal includes two symbols, adding and combining two symbols in the frequency domain can increase the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of about 3 dB. The CP of other symbols except the first symbol needs to be added at the end of the symbol. For other symbols, the phase deflection in the frequency domain is brought about. Therefore, it is not possible to directly add more than two symbols. The problem is that, when the step 102 is implemented, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a phase compensation method with a length of CP for each symbol, and the specific processing manner is as follows: According to the formula Υ; Λ = Υ ί * xp (-j^k) for each other The sequence of symbols is phase compensated separately, where i, j, and k are positive integers, i > 2, where N is the FFT window value, indicating the frequency domain value of the kth subcarrier of the ith symbol, indicating the ith symbol Phase exp (- / iL k) of the kth subcarrier
补偿后的频域值, ^是 CP长度, N 为 cp长度的等效相位延迟, exp (- / iL k) The compensated frequency domain value, ^ is the CP length, N is the equivalent phase delay of cp length, exp (- / iL k)
换句话说, 补偿值即为 N ,。 In other words, the compensation value is N .
在测距信号传输过程中, 考虑到测距信号到达接收端时会存在一定时 间的延迟, 第一个符号上携带的信息可能会有所减少, 因此, 可以对两个 以上的符号分别设置权值, 各符号分别乘以相应权值后再相加。 如步骤 103 中提到的, 加权的权值与各符号上携带的数据信息量成正比。 在实施时, 为了保证加权合并后得到的频域序列的准确性, 可以对加权的权值进行进 一步的限定, 例如, 可以进一步根据所在小区的覆盖半径对加权的权值进 行限定, 各权值与所在小小区的覆盖半径成正比。 当然, 在实施时, 加权 的权值还可以根据其他小区环境或条件进行限定, 能够增加加权合并后得 到的序列的准确性即可。 In the process of ranging signal transmission, considering that the ranging signal arrives at the receiving end, there will be a delay of a certain time, and the information carried on the first symbol may be reduced. Therefore, two or more symbols may be separately set. Value, each symbol is multiplied by the corresponding weight and then added. As mentioned in step 103, the weighted weight is proportional to the amount of data information carried on each symbol. In the implementation, in order to ensure the accuracy of the frequency domain sequence obtained after the weighted combination, the weighted weight may be further defined. For example, the weighted weight may be further defined according to the coverage radius of the cell, and each weight is defined. It is proportional to the coverage radius of the small cell in which it is located. Of course, in implementation, the weighted weights can also be defined according to other cell environments or conditions, and the accuracy of the sequence obtained after the weighted combination can be increased.
为更清楚更形象说明利用权值加权合并的方法, 现有两个符号为例进 行说明, 根据两个符号上携带的数据信息量的比例对两个符号各设一个权
获得的合并式如下: ^ ' ^ + ' i^ , 其中, Yk表示两符号合并后得到的 序列。 In order to clarify and more clearly illustrate the method of weighted merging using weights, the two existing symbols are described as an example, and one weight is set for each of the two symbols according to the proportion of the amount of data information carried on the two symbols. The obtained merged expression is as follows: ^ ' ^ + ' i^ , where Y k represents the sequence obtained by combining the two symbols.
根据本发明实施例提供的方法, 将测距信号包含的两个以上符号在频 域上进行相加合并可以提高信噪比, 进而可以解决背景技术中提到的因低 信噪比导致测距码检测率低, 从而使***受限于上行的初始测距码接入检 测的问题, 提高***的性能。 According to the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, adding and combining two or more symbols included in the ranging signal in the frequency domain can improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and further can solve the ranging caused by the low signal-to-noise ratio mentioned in the background art. The code detection rate is low, so that the system is limited by the problem of uplink initial ranging code access detection, and the performance of the system is improved.
如图 1所示流程, 步骤 104在实施时, 进行差分操作及 FFT, 本发明 实施例提供了一种较佳的实施方式, 具体流程如图 2所示: In the process shown in FIG. 1, the step 104 is performed in a differential operation and an FFT. The embodiment of the present invention provides a preferred implementation manner. The specific process is shown in FIG. 2:
步骤 201、 将相关后的频域序列映射到测距子载波。 Step 201: Map the correlated frequency domain sequence to the ranging subcarrier.
步骤 202、 依次对测距子载波上承载的序列进行差分操作。 Step 202: Perform differential operations on the sequence carried on the ranging subcarriers in sequence.
具体的,对相距为 "Δ/的测距子载波上承载的序列按以下公式进行差分 操作, 得到长度为 Μ的序列: η] = ∑ ckYkHk χρ(- Ά0) * (ck+nYk+nHk+n exp(~ 2 + ") /。))*Specifically, the sequence carried on the ranging subcarriers with the distance Δ / is differentially operated according to the following formula to obtain a sequence of length Μ: η] = ∑ c k Y k H k χρ(- Ά 0 ) * ( c k+n Y k+n H k+n exp(~ 2 + ") /.))*
V V V V
= ∑ HtHln Q V(j^n)= ∑ H t Hl n QV (j^n)
V 其中, l≤n≤M, n、 M为正整数, M是子载波的最大间隔, Δ/为相临 两个子载波间的间隔, K表示所有测距子载波组成的集合, Hk和 Hk+n为信 道相关系数, Ck和 Ck+n是本地码 C对应的序列, 1。是接收的时域信号的时 偏, N为*** FFT窗口大小的数值。 V where l≤n≤M, n, M is a positive integer, M is the maximum interval of subcarriers, Δ/ is the interval between two adjacent subcarriers, K represents the set of all ranging subcarriers, H k and H k+n is the channel correlation coefficient, and C k and C k+n are sequences corresponding to the local code C, 1. Is the time offset of the received time domain signal, and N is the value of the system FFT window size.
步骤 203、 进行补零及快速傅立叶变换。 Step 203: Perform zero-padding and fast Fourier transform.
具体的, 在差分操作后得到的、 长度为 M的序列后补 Nt-M个 0, 对补 零后形成的长度为 Nt的序列做 FFT, 其中, Nt位于 〔N/8, N〕之间, 且 Nt以 2的幂次方递进。 Specifically, after the differential operation, the sequence of length M is complemented by N t -M 0s, and the sequence of length N t formed after zero padding is subjected to FFT, where N t is located at [N/8, N Between, and N t is progressive by a power of two.
步骤 203在实施时, 当本地码是用户发送的测距码时, FFT运算后得 到的序列是一个准 函数波形, 峰值位于 处, 为用户时偏。
在对测距码进行检测确定的过程中, 信道系数对检测率也起到一定的 影响, 若信道系数影响过大, 也会在很大程度上降低检测率, 为解决该问 题, 本发明实施例利用相干带宽内的特性提供了一种解决方法, 其特性为: 参与差分操作的两个子载波应位于信道的相干带宽之内时, 通过子载波间 的差分操作可以消除信道系数的影响, 具体的解决方法如下: 取子载波间 隔小于相干带宽的两个子载波进行差分操作, 此时, 可以近似地视为信道 系数相同, 即 Hk = Hk+n, 经过差分操作后可得: xWK^exp ^^) , 其中, In step 203, when the local code is a ranging code sent by the user, the sequence obtained after the FFT operation is a quasi-function waveform, and the peak is located at the position of the user. In the process of detecting and determining the ranging code, the channel coefficient also has a certain influence on the detection rate. If the channel coefficient is too large, the detection rate is also greatly reduced. To solve the problem, the present invention is implemented. The example provides a solution by utilizing the characteristics in the coherent bandwidth. The characteristics are as follows: When the two subcarriers participating in the differential operation should be located within the coherence bandwidth of the channel, the influence of the channel coefficients can be eliminated by the differential operation between the subcarriers. The solution is as follows: Take two subcarriers with subcarrier spacing less than the coherent bandwidth for differential operation. At this time, it can be approximated as the same channel coefficient, that is, H k = H k+n . After differential operation, it can be obtained: xWK^ Exp ^^) , where,
N N
是测距子载波集 K中间距为 "Δ 的载波对的数目, Δ/是 802.16e协议规 定的子载波间隔。 Is the number of carrier pairs with a spacing of " Δ " in the ranging subcarrier set K, and Δ/ is the subcarrier spacing specified by the 802.16e protocol.
取间隔小于相干带宽的子载波进行计算, 与只取间隔为 1 的子载波对 其进行共轭相乘消除信道的衰落影响相比, 能够以少量的计算量获得更好 的性能。 The subcarriers with the interval smaller than the coherent bandwidth are calculated, and compared with the fading multiplication of the subcarriers with only the interval of 1 to eliminate the fading effect of the channel, better performance can be obtained with a small amount of calculation.
如图 1所示流程, 步骤 106在实施时, 根据峰均比与第一门限值的比 较结果确定时域信号中是否包括测距码, 背景技术中提到, 衡量测距检测 算法性能一般有两个指标, 检测率和虚警率, 但是, 在现有的测距码检测 方法中, 检测率和虚警率成正比, 检测率高, 对应的虚警率也会提高, 而 检测率低, 对应的警率也会降低, 无法在保证高检测率的同时获得较低的 虚警率, 为解决该问题, 本发明实施例提出了结合第一门限值和第二门限 值确定测距码的方法, 具体如下: 在确认峰均比大于第一门限值之后, 确 定接收的时域信号中携带有测距码之前, 确定峰峰比大于第二门限值, 其 中, 峰峰比为经差分操作及转换后生成的序列各值的峰值功率与各本地码 对应的峰值功率的均值的比值, 第二门限值不小于预设测距码警码率下限 所对应的门限值。 As shown in FIG. 1 , in step 106, according to the comparison result between the peak-to-average ratio and the first threshold, whether the ranging code is included in the time domain signal is included in the background signal, and the performance of the ranging detection algorithm is generally measured. There are two indicators, detection rate and false alarm rate. However, in the existing ranging code detection method, the detection rate is proportional to the false alarm rate, the detection rate is high, and the corresponding false alarm rate is also increased, and the detection rate is improved. If the alarm rate is low, the corresponding threshold rate is reduced, and a low false alarm rate cannot be obtained while ensuring a high detection rate. To solve the problem, the embodiment of the present invention proposes to determine the first threshold value and the second threshold value. The method of the ranging code is as follows: After confirming that the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determining that the received time-domain signal carries the ranging code, determining that the peak-to-peak ratio is greater than the second threshold, wherein, the peak The peak ratio is the ratio of the peak power of each value of the sequence generated by the differential operation and the conversion to the mean value of the peak power corresponding to each local code, and the second threshold is not less than the gate corresponding to the lower limit of the preset ranging code alarm rate. Value.
实施时, 第一门限值取值取决于信噪比与具体的信道环境, 较优的, 第一门限值的取值范围为 〔12 , 16〕, 通常, 在〔12, 16〕 中进行取值时能
够保证较高的检测率。 In implementation, the first threshold value depends on the signal-to-noise ratio and the specific channel environment. Preferably, the first threshold value ranges from [12, 16], usually, in [12, 16]. Can be used when taking values Enough to ensure a high detection rate.
另外, 第二门限值也同样取决于信噪比与具体的信道环境, 较优的, 第二门限值的取值范围为 〔3 , 6〕, 通常在〔3 , 6〕 中进行取值时能够保证 较低的虚警率。 In addition, the second threshold value also depends on the signal-to-noise ratio and the specific channel environment. Preferably, the second threshold value ranges from [3, 6], and is usually taken in [3, 6]. A low false alarm rate can be guaranteed for the value.
釆用结合第一门限值和第二门限值确定测距码的方法, 克服了单纯依 赖峰均比检测测距码时造成的检测率和虚警率相互矛盾的问题, 能够在提 高检测率的同时保证可以获得较低的虚警率。 The method of determining the ranging code by combining the first threshold value and the second threshold value overcomes the contradiction between the detection rate and the false alarm rate caused by simply relying on the peak-to-average ratio detection ranging code, and can improve the detection. The rate is guaranteed to achieve a lower false alarm rate.
实施时, 除结合第一门限值和第二门限值确定测距码的方法, 即利用 峰均比和峰峰比确定测距码的方法, 还可能存在其他确定测距码的方法, 能够在提高检测率的同时保证可以获得较低的虚警率即可。 In implementation, in addition to the method of determining the ranging code by combining the first threshold value and the second threshold value, that is, the method of determining the ranging code by using the peak-to-average ratio and the peak-to-peak ratio, there may be other methods for determining the ranging code. It is possible to increase the detection rate while ensuring a low false alarm rate.
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明实施例提供的第二种测距码检测方法, 适用于利用多天线接收信号的应用场景, 具体处理流程如图 3所示, 包括: 步骤 301、 经由多天线接收的多个时域信号时, 分别对每个时域信号均 进行如下操作以获得经差分操作生成的序列; 具体的, 对时域信号进行快 速傅立叶变换 FFT, 在变换后获得的频域信号的测距子载波上获取测距信 号, 测距信号在时域上由至少两个符号组成; 对除第一个符号外的其他符 号的序列分别进行相位补偿, 补偿值为循环前缀 CP长度的等效相位延迟; 对第一个符号的序列及其他各符号经相位补偿后获得的序列进行加权合 并, 获得合并后的序列, 其中加权的权值位于 〔0, 1〕之间, 各权值之和 等于 1 , 且与各符号上携带的数据信息量成正比; 在已存储的码表中依次选 择本地码, 利用选择的本地码的序列与合并后的序列进行相关运算, 并对 相关运算后得到的序列进行差分操作。 In order to solve the above technical problem, the second method for detecting a distance detection code provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applicable to an application scenario in which a signal is received by using multiple antennas. The specific processing flow is as shown in FIG. 3, and includes: Step 301: Receiving through multiple antennas When multiple time domain signals are used, the following operations are performed on each of the time domain signals to obtain a sequence generated by the differential operation; specifically, the fast Fourier transform FFT is performed on the time domain signal, and the frequency domain signal obtained after the transform is obtained. Obtaining a ranging signal on the ranging subcarrier, the ranging signal is composed of at least two symbols in the time domain; phase compensation is performed on sequences of other symbols except the first symbol, and the compensation value is a cyclic prefix CP length, etc. Effect phase delay; weighting and merging the sequence of the first symbol and the sequence obtained by phase compensation of other symbols to obtain a combined sequence, wherein the weighted weight is between [0, 1], and each weight And equal to 1, and is proportional to the amount of data information carried on each symbol; select the local code in turn in the stored code table, using the selection The combined sequence of the local code sequences with correlation operation, the correlation operation and differential operation sequence obtained.
步骤 302、 将获得的多个经差分操作生成的序列的序列各值对应相加, 得到相加后的序列, 并进行 FFT。 Step 302: Add the sequence values of the obtained plurality of sequence operations generated by the difference operation to obtain the added sequence, and perform FFT.
步骤 303、 计算出经 FFT变换后得到的序列的功率, 并确定峰均比,
峰均比为经差分操作及变换后生成的序列各值的峰值功率与均值功率的比 值。 Step 303: Calculate the power of the sequence obtained by the FFT transformation, and determine a peak-to-average ratio. The peak-to-average ratio is the ratio of the peak power to the mean power of each value of the sequence generated after the differential operation and transformation.
步骤 304、 当峰均比大于第一门限值时, 确定接收的时域信号中携带有 测距码, 第一门限值不小于预设测距码检测率上限所对应的门限值。 Step 304: When the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determine that the received time domain signal carries a ranging code, and the first threshold is not less than a threshold corresponding to the upper limit of the preset ranging code detection rate.
步骤 301 在实施时, 测距信号在时域上是由至少两个符号构成的, 其 中, 从时域角度上看, 位于第一个符号后的其他符号是第一个符号的拷贝; 从频域角度上看, 符号在频域上占有的子载波是完全相同的。 Step 301: When implemented, the ranging signal is composed of at least two symbols in the time domain, wherein, from the perspective of the time domain, the other symbols located after the first symbol are copies of the first symbol; From the perspective of the domain, the subcarriers occupied by the symbols in the frequency domain are identical.
对于测距符号而言, 第二个符号的 CP添加在符号结尾, 因此相对第一 个符号而言, 会带来频域上的相位偏转, 因此, 不能直接将两个符号进行 相加, 为解决该问题, 参见步骤 301 , 本发明实施例提出对每个符号进行长 度为 CP的相位补偿方法, 具体处理方式如下: 按照公式 1^ = Υί * cxp(-j^k)对其他各符号的序列分别进行相位补 偿, 其中, i、 j、 k均为正整数, i > 2 , N为 FFT窗口值, 表示第 i个符 号的第 k个子载波的频域值, 表示第 i个符号的第 k个子载波的经相位 exp(— /· iL k) For the ranging symbol, the CP of the second symbol is added at the end of the symbol, so the phase deflection in the frequency domain is brought about relative to the first symbol. Therefore, the two symbols cannot be directly added. To solve the problem, refer to step 301. The embodiment of the present invention proposes a phase compensation method with a length of CP for each symbol, and the specific processing manner is as follows: According to the formula 1^ = Υ ί * cxp (-j^k) for other symbols The sequence is separately compensated, wherein i, j, k are positive integers, i > 2, N is the FFT window value, indicating the frequency domain value of the kth subcarrier of the ith symbol, indicating the ith symbol Phase exp(k / - · iL k) of the kth subcarrier
补偿后的频域值, ^是 CP长度, N 为 cp长度的等效相位延迟, exp(— /· iL k) The compensated frequency domain value, ^ is the CP length, N is the equivalent phase delay of cp length, exp(— /· iL k)
换句话说, 补偿值即为 N ,。 In other words, the compensation value is N .
在测距信号传输过程中, 考虑到测距信号到达接收端时会存在一定时 间的延迟, 第一个符号上携带的信息可能会有所减少, 因此, 可以对两个 以上的符号分别设置权值, 各符号分别乘以相应权值后再相加。 如步骤 103 中提到的, 加权的权值与各符号上携带的数据信息量成正比。 在实施时, 为了保证加权合并后得到的频域序列的准确性, 可以对加权的权值进行进 一步的限定, 例如, 可以进一步根据所在小区的覆盖半径对加权的权值进 行限定, 各权值与所在小小区的覆盖半径成正比。 当然, 在实施时, 加权
的权值还可以根据其他小区环境或条件进行限定, 能够增加加权合并后得 到的序列的准确性即可。 In the process of ranging signal transmission, considering that the ranging signal arrives at the receiving end, there will be a delay of a certain time, and the information carried on the first symbol may be reduced. Therefore, two or more symbols may be separately set. Value, each symbol is multiplied by the corresponding weight and then added. As mentioned in step 103, the weighted weight is proportional to the amount of data information carried on each symbol. In the implementation, in order to ensure the accuracy of the frequency domain sequence obtained after the weighted combination, the weighted weight may be further defined. For example, the weighted weight may be further defined according to the coverage radius of the cell, and each weight is defined. It is proportional to the coverage radius of the small cell in which it is located. Of course, when implemented, weighted The weight can also be defined according to other community environments or conditions, and the accuracy of the sequence obtained by weighted combination can be increased.
为更清楚更形象说明利用权值加权合并的方法, 现以两个符号为例进 行说明, 根据两个符号上携带的数据信息量的比例对两个符号各设一个权 In order to clarify and more clearly illustrate the method of weighted merging using weights, two symbols are taken as an example for illustration, and one weight is given to each of the two symbols according to the proportion of the amount of data information carried on the two symbols.
获得的合并式如下: Ί + ' 1^ , 其中, Yk表示两符号合并后得到的 频域序列。 The obtained combination is as follows: Ί + ' 1 ^ , where Y k represents the frequency domain sequence obtained by combining the two symbols.
根据本发明实施例提供的方法, 将测距信号包含的两个以上符号在频 域上进行相加合并可以提高信噪比, 进而可以解决背景技术中提到的因低 信噪比导致测距码检测率低, 从而使***受限于上行的初始测距码接入检 测的问题, 提高***的性能。 According to the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, adding and combining two or more symbols included in the ranging signal in the frequency domain can improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and further can solve the ranging caused by the low signal-to-noise ratio mentioned in the background art. The code detection rate is low, so that the system is limited by the problem of uplink initial ranging code access detection, and the performance of the system is improved.
如图 3所示流程, 步骤 301及步骤 302在实施时, 对映射后的测距子 载波进行差分操作, 将经差分操作生成的多个天线上的序列值对应相加, 得到相加后的序列, 确定相加后的序列中各点的对应功率, 计算出峰均比, 具体处理方式如图 4所示, 包括: In the process shown in FIG. 3, in step 301 and step 302, the mapped ranging subcarriers are differentially operated, and the sequence values on the plurality of antennas generated by the differential operation are added to obtain the added values. The sequence determines the corresponding power of each point in the added sequence, and calculates the peak-to-average ratio. The specific processing manner is as shown in FIG. 4, including:
步骤 401、 将相关运算后得到的序列映射回对应的测距子载波。 Step 401: Map the sequence obtained after the correlation operation to the corresponding ranging subcarrier.
步骤 402、 依次对测距子载波上承载的序列进行差分操作。 Step 402: Perform differential operations on the sequence carried on the ranging subcarriers in sequence.
具体的,依次对相距为 "Δ /的测距子载波上承载的序列按以下公式进行 差分操作, 得到长度为 Μ的序列: Specifically, the sequence carried on the ranging subcarriers with a distance of " Δ / is sequentially subjected to a differential operation according to the following formula to obtain a sequence of length Μ:
4η] = ∑ ckYkHk χρ(- Ά0) * (ck+nYk+nHk+n exp(~ 2 + ") /。))*4η] = ∑ c k Y k H k χρ(- Ά 0 ) * (c k+n Y k+n H k+n exp(~ 2 + ") /.))*
V V V V
其中, l≤n≤M, n、 M为正整数, M是子载波的最大间隔, Δ/为相临 两个子载波间的间隔, K表示所有测距子载波组成的集合, Hk和 Hk+n为信 道相关系数, Ck和 Ck+n是本地码 C对应的序列, lo是接收的时域信号时偏,
N为*** FFT窗口大小。 Where l≤n≤M, n, M are positive integers, M is the maximum interval of subcarriers, Δ/ is the interval between two adjacent subcarriers, and K is the set of all ranging subcarriers, H k and H k+n is the channel correlation coefficient, C k and C k+n are the sequences corresponding to the local code C, and lo is the time domain signal of the received time domain. N is the system FFT window size.
步骤 403、 执行相加操作。 Step 403: Perform an adding operation.
具体的, 将经差分操作生成的多个天线的差分后序列对应相加, 得到 相加后的、 长度为 M的序列; Specifically, the differential post-sequences of the plurality of antennas generated by the differential operation are correspondingly added to obtain an added sequence of length M;
步骤 404、 补零并进行快速傅立叶变换。 Step 404, zero padding and performing fast Fourier transform.
具体的, 在差分操作后得到的、 长度为 M的序列后补 Nt-M个 0, 对补 零后形成的长度为 Nt的序列做 FFT, 其中, Nt位于 〔N/8, N〕之间, 且 Nt以 2的幂次方递进。 Specifically, after the differential operation, the sequence of length M is complemented by N t -M 0s, and the sequence of length N t formed after zero padding is subjected to FFT, where N t is located at [N/8, N Between, and N t is progressive by a power of two.
步骤 403在实施时, 当本地码是用户发送的测距码时, 经 FFT运算后 得到的序列是一个准 函数波形, 峰值位于 处, 为用户时偏。 In step 403, when the local code is the ranging code sent by the user, the sequence obtained by the FFT operation is a quasi-function waveform, and the peak is located at the time of the user.
步骤 402在实施时, 将经差分操作生成的多个天线的序列对应相加, 得到相加后的、 长度为 M的频分序列, 避免了如其他测距码检测方法中提 到的, 对每根天线的数据均进行一次 FFT运算(或 IFFT运算), 能够大幅 度减少计算量, 节省资源。 In the implementation of step 402, the sequence of multiple antennas generated by the differential operation is correspondingly added to obtain an added frequency-sequence sequence of length M, which is avoided as mentioned in other ranging code detection methods. Each antenna data is subjected to an FFT operation (or IFFT operation), which can greatly reduce the amount of calculation and save resources.
在对测距码进行检测确定的过程中, 信道系数对检测率也起到一定的 影响, 若信道系数影响过大, 也会在很大程度上降低检测率, 为解决该问 题, 本发明实施例利用相干带宽内的特性提供了一种解决方法, 其特性为: 参与差分操作的两个子载波应位于信道的相干带宽之内时, 通过子载波间 的差分操作可以消除信道系数的影响, 具体的解决方法如下: 取子载波间 隔小于相干带宽的两个子载波进行差分操作, 此时, 可以近似地视为信道 謹 同, ^Ρ ¾ = ¾+η, 跳 " ^ " ) , 中, 是测距子 载波集 K中间距为 "Δ /的载波对的数目, Δ/是 802.16e协议规定的子载波间 隔。 In the process of detecting and determining the ranging code, the channel coefficient also has a certain influence on the detection rate. If the channel coefficient is too large, the detection rate is also greatly reduced. To solve the problem, the present invention is implemented. The example provides a solution by utilizing the characteristics in the coherent bandwidth. The characteristics are as follows: When the two subcarriers participating in the differential operation should be located within the coherence bandwidth of the channel, the influence of the channel coefficients can be eliminated by the differential operation between the subcarriers. The solution is as follows: Take two subcarriers with subcarrier spacing less than the coherent bandwidth for differential operation. In this case, it can be approximated as channel affinity, ^Ρ 3⁄4 = 3⁄4+η , jump "^"), medium, is measured The number of carrier pairs with a spacing of " Δ /" from the set of subcarriers K, Δ / is the subcarrier spacing specified by the 802.16e protocol.
取间隔小于相干带宽的子载波进行计算, 与只取间隔为 1 的子载波对 其进行共轭相乘消除信道的衰落影响相比, 能够以少量的计算量获得更好
的性能。 The subcarriers with the interval smaller than the coherent bandwidth are calculated, and compared with the fading multiplication of the subcarriers with only the interval of 1 to eliminate the fading effect of the channel, the calculation can be better with a small amount of calculation. Performance.
如图 3所示流程, 步骤 304在实施时, 根据峰均比与第一门限值的比 较结果确定时域信号中是否包括测距码, 背景技术中提到, 衡量测距检测 算法性能一般有两个指标, 检测率和虚警率, 但是, 在现有的测距码检测 方法中, 检测率和虚警率成正比, 检测率高, 对应的虚警率也会提高, 而 检测率低, 对应的虚警率也会降低, 无法在保证高检测率的同时获得较低 的虚警率, 为解决该问题, 本发明实施例提出了结合第一门限值和第二门 限值确定测距码的方法, 具体如下: 在确认峰均比大于第一门限值之后, 确定接收的时域信号中携带有测距码之前, 确定峰峰比大于第二门限值, 其中, 峰峰比为经差分操作及转换后生成的序列各值的峰值功率与各本地 码对应的峰值功率的均值的比值, 第二门限值不小于预设测距码警码率下 限所对应的门限值。 As shown in FIG. 3, in step 304, according to the comparison result between the peak-to-average ratio and the first threshold, whether the ranging code is included in the time domain signal is included, as mentioned in the background art, the performance of the ranging detection algorithm is generally measured. There are two indicators, detection rate and false alarm rate. However, in the existing ranging code detection method, the detection rate is proportional to the false alarm rate, the detection rate is high, and the corresponding false alarm rate is also increased, and the detection rate is improved. If the problem is low, the corresponding false alarm rate is also reduced, and a low false alarm rate cannot be obtained while ensuring a high detection rate. To solve the problem, the embodiment of the present invention proposes combining the first threshold and the second threshold. The method for determining the ranging code is as follows: After confirming that the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determining that the received time-domain signal carries the ranging code, determining that the peak-to-peak ratio is greater than the second threshold, where The peak-to-peak ratio is the ratio of the peak power of each value of the sequence generated by the differential operation and the conversion to the mean value of the peak power corresponding to each local code, and the second threshold is not less than the corresponding lower limit of the preset ranging code alarm rate. door Value.
实施时, 第一门限值取值取决于信噪比与具体的信道环境, 较优的, 第一门限值的取值范围为 〔12 , 16〕, 通常, 在〔12, 16〕 中进行取值时能 够保证较高的检测率。 In implementation, the first threshold value depends on the signal-to-noise ratio and the specific channel environment. Preferably, the first threshold value ranges from [12, 16], usually, in [12, 16]. A high detection rate can be ensured when the value is taken.
另外, 第二门限值也同样取决于信噪比与具体的信道环境, 较优的, 第二门限值的取值范围为 〔3 , 6〕, 通常在〔3 , 6〕 中进行取值时能够保证 较低的虚警率。 In addition, the second threshold value also depends on the signal-to-noise ratio and the specific channel environment. Preferably, the second threshold value ranges from [3, 6], and is usually taken in [3, 6]. A low false alarm rate can be guaranteed for the value.
釆用结合第一门限值和第二门限值确定测距码的方法, 克服了单纯依 赖峰均比检测测距码时造成的检测率和虚警率相互矛盾的问题, 能够在提 高检测率的同时保证可以获得较低的虚警率。 The method of determining the ranging code by combining the first threshold value and the second threshold value overcomes the contradiction between the detection rate and the false alarm rate caused by simply relying on the peak-to-average ratio detection ranging code, and can improve the detection. The rate is guaranteed to achieve a lower false alarm rate.
实施时, 除结合第一门限值和第二门限值确定测距码的方法, 即利用 峰均比和峰峰比确定测距码的方法, 还可能存在其他确定测距码的方法, 能够在提高检测率的同时保证可以获得较低的虚警率即可。 In implementation, in addition to the method of determining the ranging code by combining the first threshold value and the second threshold value, that is, the method of determining the ranging code by using the peak-to-average ratio and the peak-to-peak ratio, there may be other methods for determining the ranging code. It is possible to increase the detection rate while ensuring a low false alarm rate.
现以一个具体实施例进行说明, 在本例中, 以 4天线接收、 10M***
为例, 即, 实施时能够同步接收四个时域信号, 测距子载波占所有的 1024 个子载波中的 144个,每个测距信号包含两个符号, 分别为符号 1,符号 2, CP长度为 128, *** FFT窗口的大小 N为 1024, 已存储在码表中的本地 码个数为 64, 具体实施流程请参见图 5, 包括: Now, a specific embodiment will be described. In this example, the 4 antenna is received, and the 10M system is used. For example, in the implementation, four time domain signals can be synchronously received, and the ranging subcarriers occupy 144 of all 1024 subcarriers, and each ranging signal includes two symbols, respectively, symbol 1, symbol 2, CP. The length of the system is 1024. The size of the system FFT window is 1024. The number of local codes stored in the code table is 64. For details, see Figure 5, including:
步骤 501、 各个天线接收到时域信号, 通过 FFT变换到频域, 完成符 号 2的相位补偿、 与符号 1的加权合并处理。 Step 501: Each antenna receives the time domain signal, and transforms to the frequency domain by FFT, and completes phase compensation of symbol 2 and weighted combining processing with symbol 1.
步骤 502、取本地码进行相关运算; 具体的, 取本地码0„( 0≤ <64 ), Step 502: Take a local code to perform a correlation operation; specifically, take a local code 0 „( 0 ≤ <64 ),
Cm = (C™,0, ,l, ,143) _^ ^ ^进行相关运算,得到相关后的序歹 |J C m = ( C TM,0, ,l, ,143) _^ ^ ^ Perform correlation operations to obtain the relevant sequence 歹|J
进行差分操作并进行多天线合并; 对合并后的差分序列进行 FFT变换, 计 算序列功率, 求出其功率峰值和均值。 Perform differential operation and perform multi-antenna combining; perform FFT transformation on the combined difference sequence, calculate the sequence power, and find the power peak and the mean.
步骤 503、 根据功率峰值和均值进行测距码的判定, 并求出时偏。 Step 503: Perform a determination of the ranging code according to the power peak value and the average value, and obtain a time offset.
具体的, 步骤 501在实施时, 具体包括: Specifically, when the step 501 is implemented, the method specifically includes:
将接收到的时域数据经 FFT变换到频域, 得到频域数据; The received time domain data is transformed into the frequency domain by FFT to obtain frequency domain data;
从频域数据中抽取出 ranging子载波上的数据,得到 ranging频域数据, 用 Y"'k表示,其中 i, j, k分别表示接收天线序号、 ranging符号序号和 ranging 子载波物理序号; 对第二个 ranging符号的数据 Y2'k按照 = ^ ' ^ + "2 · Υ 进行 128点的时 偏补偿, 用 表示时偏补偿后的序列: ¼ί = ¼ί' 7^; The data on theranging subcarrier is extracted from the frequency domain data to obtain the ranging frequency domain data, which is represented by Y "' k , where i, j, k respectively represent the receiving antenna sequence number, the ranging symbol sequence number, and the ranging subcarrier physical sequence number; partial compensation data of the second ranging symbol Y2 'k accordance = ^' ^ + "2 · Υ for 128 points, a partial compensation sequence represented: ¼ί = ¼ί '7 ^;
对 ^乘以符号 2权值" 2 , 加上符号 1的频域数据 w乘以符号 1权值 αι , 得到一个新的序列^ , , ^ + ^1^。 Multiply ^ by the symbol 2 weight "2, plus the symbol 1 frequency domain data w multiplied by the symbol 1 weight α ι , to get a new sequence ^ , , ^ + ^ 1 ^.
具体的, 步骤 502在实施时, 具体包括: 对本地码 Cm与 Yi'k进行相关运算的序列进行差分操作处理, 即: Specifically, when the step 502 is implemented, the method specifically includes: performing differential operation processing on the sequence in which the local code C m and the Yi ' k are related to each other, that is,
〉 d, d
其中 1≤"≤M , M为共轭差分的最大子载波数, 根据信道条件设定, 通 过上述操作可得到一数据长度为 M的序列; 〉 d, d Where 1 ≤ " ≤ M, M is the maximum number of subcarriers of the conjugate difference, and according to the channel condition setting, a sequence of data length M can be obtained by the above operation;
对 4根接收天线数据分别按照以上步骤进行处理, 得到 4个长度为 M 的序列; The four receiving antenna data are processed according to the above steps, and four sequences of length M are obtained;
将这 4个序列进行合并, 得到一长度为 M 的序列并将其补 0 至 Nt, Nt=256, 得到序列 Z ≤" < 256 , 合并公式如下: The four sequences are combined to obtain a sequence of length M and complemented by 0 to N t , N t = 256, and the sequence Z ≤ "< 256 is obtained . The combined formula is as follows:
对2 "进行 256点的 FFT变换, 得到一变换后序列, 计算出该序列的功 率,并求出其平均功率 ,保存于均值存储器中;找出其功率峰值 及其位置 posm, 保存于峰值存储器中和峰值位置存储器中; Perform a 256-point FFT on 2 " to obtain a transformed sequence, calculate the power of the sequence, and find the average power, store it in the mean memory; find its power peak and its position pos m , and store it at the peak. In memory and in peak position memory;
对所有的本地码 C均进行上述操作, 得到 64个 Pavg、 和 posm。 The above operation is performed for all the local codes C to obtain 64 P avg , and pos m .
具体的, 步骤 503在实施时, 具体包括: Specifically, when the step 503 is implemented, the method specifically includes:
对于当前候选码 Cm, 取出其峰值功率 与均值功率 , 计算峰 For the current candidate code C m , take out its peak power and mean power, and calculate the peak.
Ρ Ρ
PAPR ― m,peak PAPR ― m,peak
均比 E4PRm: P ; 取出本帧中所有其他码的峰值, 并求出这些峰值的均值^ * ; 用候选码 Equivalent to E4PR m : P ; Take out the peak values of all other codes in this frame, and find the mean of these peaks ^ * ;
Cm的峰值尸 m,„除以 " 得到峰峰比 pTPm, 计算式如下: p =一 p Cm peak dead m, "is divided by" ratio of peak obtained p T P m, the formula is calculated as follows: p = a p
0<κ<63 0<κ<63
ρ ρ
m ― ― 用 / R^与第一门限值 TH1比较, 尸: TPm与第二门限值 TH2比较, 若 PAPRm>jm且 PTP^Tm , 则该候选码被视为用户发送的测距码, 转到下
一步处理; 反之则直接处理下一个本地码。 m ― ― Use / R^ to compare with the first threshold TH1, corpse: TP m is compared with the second threshold TH2. If PAPR m >jm and PTP^Tm, the candidate code is regarded as the measurement sent by the user. Distance code, go to the next One-step processing; otherwise, the next local code is processed directly.
基于同一发明构思, 本发明实施例还提供了一种测距码检测装置, 具 体结构如图 6所示, 包括: Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a ranging code detecting device. The specific structure is as shown in FIG. 6, and includes:
补偿模块 601 , 用于对经单天线接收的时域信号进行快速傅立叶变换 a compensation module 601, configured to perform fast Fourier transform on a time domain signal received through a single antenna
FFT, 在变换后获得的频域信号的测距子载波上获取测距信号, 测距信号在 时域上由至少两个符号组成; 对除第一个符号外的其他符号的序列分别进 行相位补偿, 补偿值为循环前缀 CP长度的等效相位延迟; FFT, acquiring a ranging signal on a ranging subcarrier of the frequency domain signal obtained after the transform, the ranging signal is composed of at least two symbols in the time domain; and respectively performing phase sequences of other symbols except the first symbol Compensation, the compensation value is the equivalent phase delay of the cyclic prefix CP length;
加权模块 602 ,用于对第一个符号的序列及其他各符号经相位补偿后获 得的序列进行加权合并, 获得合并后的序列, 其中加权的权值位于〔0, 1〕 之间, 各权值之和等于 1 , 且与各符号上携带的数据信息量成正比; The weighting module 602 is configured to weight combine the sequence of the first symbol and the sequence obtained by phase compensation of the other symbols to obtain a combined sequence, wherein the weighted weight is between [0, 1], and each weight The sum of the values is equal to 1 and is proportional to the amount of data carried on each symbol;
计算模块 603 , 用于在已存储的码表中依次选择本地码, 利用选择的本 地码的序列与合并后的序列进行相关运算; 对相关运算后得到的序列进行 差分操作及 FFT, 并计算经差分操作及变换后生成的序列中各值的功率; 根据经差分操作及变换后生成的序列中各值的功率, 确定峰均比, 峰均比 为经差分操作及变换后生成的序列各值的峰值功率与均值功率的比值; 第一确定模块 604, 用于当峰均比大于第一门限值时, 确定接收的时域 信号中携带有测距码, 第一门限值不小于预设测距码检测率上限所对应的 门限值。 The calculating module 603 is configured to sequentially select a local code in the stored code table, perform a correlation operation using the sequence of the selected local code and the combined sequence, perform a differential operation and an FFT on the sequence obtained after the correlation operation, and calculate the The power of each value in the sequence generated by the differential operation and the transformation; the peak-to-average ratio is determined according to the power of each value in the sequence generated by the difference operation and the transformation, and the peak-to-average ratio is the sequence value generated after the differential operation and the transformation a ratio of the peak power to the average power; the first determining module 604, configured to: when the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determine that the received time domain signal carries the ranging code, and the first threshold is not less than Set the threshold corresponding to the upper limit of the range detection rate.
在一个实施例中, 补偿模块 601 可以具体用于: 按照公式 = *exp(-_ ^^)对其他各符号的序列分别进行相位补偿, 其中, i、 j、 k均为正整数, i > 2, N为 FFT窗口值, ^表示第 i个符号的第 k个子载波 的频域值, 表示第 i个符号的第 k个子载波的经相位补偿后的频域值, lcp exp (- / iL k) In an embodiment, the compensation module 601 may be specifically configured to: perform phase compensation on the sequences of the other symbols according to the formula = * ex p(-_ ^^), where i, j, and k are positive integers, i > 2, N is the FFT window value, ^ represents the frequency domain value of the kth subcarrier of the ith symbol, and represents the phase compensated frequency domain value of the kth subcarrier of the ith symbol, l cp exp (- / iL k)
是 CP长度, N 为 cp长度的等效相位延迟。 在一个实施例中, 加权模块 602 可以进一步用于: 根据单天线所在小
区的覆盖半径确定加权的权值, 其中, 加权的权值与单天线所在小区的覆 盖半径成正比。 Is the length of the CP, and N is the equivalent phase delay of the cp length. In an embodiment, the weighting module 602 can be further configured to: The coverage radius of the region determines the weighted weight, wherein the weighted weight is proportional to the coverage radius of the cell in which the single antenna is located.
在一个实施例中, 如图 7所示结构, 计算模块 603具体包括: 第一映射子模块 701 ,用于将相关运算后得到的序列映射回对应的测距 子载波; In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the calculation module 603 specifically includes: a first mapping sub-module 701, configured to map the sequence obtained after the correlation operation to the corresponding ranging subcarrier;
第一差分子模块 702, 用于依次对相距为 "Δ /的测距子载波上承载的序 η] = /。))* 列按公式
进行差 a first difference numerator module 702, configured to sequentially formulate a sequence of η] = /.))* on a ranging subcarrier with a distance of " Δ /" Carry out the difference
= ∑ HkHln Q V(j^ n)= ∑ H k Hl n QV (j^ n)
V 分操作, 得到长度为 M的序列, 其中, l≤n≤M, n、 M为正整数, M是子 载波的最大间隔, Δ/为相临两个子载波间的间隔, K表示所有测距子载波 组成的集合, ¾和 Hk+n为信道相关系数, Ck和 Ck+n是本地码 C对应的序列,V is divided to obtain a sequence of length M, where l≤n≤M, n, M are positive integers, M is the maximum interval of subcarriers, Δ/ is the interval between two adjacent subcarriers, and K is all measurements From the set of subcarriers, 3⁄4 and Hk+n are channel correlation coefficients, and Ck and Ck+n are sequences corresponding to the local code C.
10是接收的时域信号的时偏, N为*** FFT窗口大小; 10 is the time offset of the received time domain signal, and N is the system FFT window size;
第一变换子模块 703 , 用于在差分操作后得到的、 长度为 M的序列后 补 Nt-M个 0,对补零后形成的长度为 Nt的序列做 FFT,其中, Nt不小于 M, 位于 〔N/8 , N〕之间, 且 Nt的值等于 2的幂次方。 The first transform sub-module 703 is configured to complement the sequence of length M after the differential operation by N t -M 0, and perform FFT on the sequence of length N t formed after zero-padding, where N t is not Less than M, located between [N/8, N], and the value of N t is equal to the power of 2.
在一个实施例中, 第一差分子模块 702 可以进一步用于: 当子载波间 隔小于相干带宽时, Hk = Hk+n, 此时, x[n] = k(n) Qxp(j^n) , 其中, 是 In one embodiment, the first difference numerator module 702 can be further configured to: when the subcarrier spacing is less than the coherence bandwidth, H k = H k+n , at this time, x[n] = k(n) Q xp(j ^n) , where, is
N N
测距子载波集 K中间距为 "Δ/的载波对的数目。 The number of carrier pairs with a spacing of " Δ /" in the set of ranging subcarriers K.
在一个实施例中, 如图 8所示结构, 测距码检测装置还可以包括: 第二确定模块 801 , 用于确定峰峰比大于第二门限值, 其中, 所述峰峰 值功率的均值的比值, 所述第二门限值不小于预设测距码警码率下限所对 应的门限值。
基于同一发明构思, 本发明实施例还提供了另外一种测距码检测装置, 具体结构如图 9所示, 包括: In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the ranging code detecting apparatus may further include: a second determining module 801, configured to determine that a peak-to-peak ratio is greater than a second threshold, wherein an average value of the peak-to-peak power The ratio of the second threshold is not less than a threshold corresponding to a lower limit of the preset ranging code alarm rate. Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention further provides another ranging code detecting device. The specific structure is as shown in FIG. 9, and includes:
获得模块 901 , 用于经由多天线接收的多个时域信号时, 分别对每个时 域信号均进行如下操作以获得经差分操作生成的序列: 对时域信号进行快 速傅立叶变换 FFT, 在变换后获得的频域信号的测距子载波上获取测距信 号, 所述测距信号在时域上由至少两个符号组成; 对除第一个符号外的其 他符号的序列分别进行相位补偿,补偿值为循环前缀 CP长度的等效相位延 迟; 对第一个符号的序列及其他各符号经相位补偿后获得的序列进行加权 合并, 获得合并后的序列, 其中加权的权值位于 〔0, 1〕之间, 各权值之 和等于 1 , 且与各符号上携带的数据信息量成正比; 在已存储的码表中依次 选择本地码, 利用选择的本地码的序列与合并后的序列进行相关运算, 并 对相关运算后得到的序列进行差分操作; The obtaining module 901 is configured to perform, for each time domain signal, a sequence generated by the differential operation when performing multiple time domain signals received through multiple antennas: performing fast Fourier transform FFT on the time domain signal, and transforming Obtaining a ranging signal on the ranging subcarrier of the obtained frequency domain signal, where the ranging signal is composed of at least two symbols in the time domain; phase compensation is performed on sequences of other symbols except the first symbol, The compensation value is an equivalent phase delay of the cyclic prefix CP length; the sequence of the first symbol and the sequence obtained by phase compensation of each symbol are weighted and combined to obtain a combined sequence, wherein the weighted weight is located at [0, Between 1], the sum of the weights is equal to 1 and is proportional to the amount of data information carried on each symbol; the local code is sequentially selected in the stored code table, and the sequence of the selected local code and the merged sequence are used. Perform correlation operations and perform differential operations on sequences obtained after correlation operations;
相加模块 902 ,用于将获得的多个经差分操作生成的序列的序列各值对 应相加, 得到相加后的序列, 并进行 FFT; 计算出经 FFT变换后得到的序 列的功率, 确定峰均比, 所述峰均比为经差分操作及变换后生成的序列各 值的峰值功率与均值功率的比值; The adding module 902 is configured to add the sequence values of the obtained sequence generated by the difference operation to obtain the added sequence, and perform FFT; calculate the power of the sequence obtained by the FFT transform, and determine a peak-to-average ratio, wherein the peak-to-average ratio is a ratio of a peak power to a mean power of each value of the sequence generated after the differential operation and the transformation;
第三确定模块 903 , 用于当峰均比大于第一门限值时, 确定接收的时域 信号中携带有测距码, 所述第一门限值不小于预设测距码检测率上限所对 应的门限值。 The third determining module 903 is configured to: when the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determine that the received time domain signal carries the ranging code, where the first threshold is not less than the upper limit of the preset ranging code detection rate. The corresponding threshold value.
在一个实施例中, 获得模块 901 可以进一步用于: 按照公式 = *exp(-_ ^^)对其他各符号的序列分别进行相位补偿, 其中, i、 j、 k均为正整数, i > 2, N为 FFT窗口值, ^表示第 i个符号的第 k个子载波 的频域值, 表示第 i个符号的第 k个子载波的经相位补偿后的频域值, lcp exp (- / iL k) In an embodiment, the obtaining module 901 may be further configured to: perform phase compensation on the sequences of the other symbols according to the formula = * ex p(-_ ^^), where i, j, and k are positive integers, i > 2, N is the FFT window value, ^ represents the frequency domain value of the kth subcarrier of the ith symbol, and represents the phase compensated frequency domain value of the kth subcarrier of the ith symbol, l cp exp (- / iL k)
是 CP长度, N 为 cp长度的等效相位延迟。
在一个实施例中, 获得模块 901 可以进一步用于: 根据多天线所在小 区的覆盖半径确定加权的权值, 其中, 加权的权值与多天线所在小区的覆 盖半径成正比。 Is the length of the CP, and N is the equivalent phase delay of the cp length. In an embodiment, the obtaining module 901 may be further configured to: determine a weighted weight according to a coverage radius of a cell where the multiple antennas are located, where the weighted weight is proportional to a coverage radius of a cell where the multiple antennas are located.
在一个实施例中, 如图 10所示结构, 获得模块 901可以包括: 第二映射子模块 1001 , 用于将相关运算后得到的序列映射回对应的测 距子载波; In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, the obtaining module 901 may include: a second mapping sub-module 1001, configured to map the sequence obtained after the correlation operation to the corresponding ranging subcarrier;
第二差分子模块 1002 ,用于依次对相距为 "Δ/的测距子载波上承载的序 η] = /。))* 列按公式:
进行差 The second difference molecular module 1002 is configured to sequentially formulate the sequence η] = /.))* which is carried on the ranging subcarriers with a distance of " Δ /": Carry out the difference
= ∑ HkHln Q V(j^ n)= ∑ H k Hl n QV (j^ n)
V 分操作, 得到长度为 M的序列, 其中, l≤n≤M, n、 M为正整数, M是子 载波的最大间隔, Δ/为相临两个子载波间的间隔, K表示所有测距子载波 组成的集合, ¾和 Hk+n为信道相关系数, Ck和 Ck+n是本地码 C对应的序列, 10是接收的时域信号的时偏, N为*** FFT窗口大小。 V is divided to obtain a sequence of length M, where l≤n≤M, n, M are positive integers, M is the maximum interval of subcarriers, Δ/ is the interval between two adjacent subcarriers, and K is all measurements From the set of subcarriers, 3⁄4 and Hk+n are channel correlation coefficients, Ck and Ck+n are sequences corresponding to local code C, 10 is the time offset of the received time domain signal, and N is the system FFT window. size.
在一个实施例中, 第二差分子模块 1002可以进一步用于: 当所述子载 波间隔小于相干带宽时, Hk = Hk+n, 此时, x[n] = k(n) QxV(j^n) , 其中, In an embodiment, the second difference merging module 1002 may be further configured to: when the subcarrier spacing is less than the coherence bandwidth, H k = H k+n , at this time, x[n] = k(n) Q x V (j^n) , where,
N N
是测距子载波集 K中间距为 "Δ /的载波对的数目。 Is the number of carrier pairs with a spacing of " Δ /" in the set of ranging subcarriers K.
在一个实施例中, 如图 11所示结构, 相加模块 902可以包括: 相加子模块 1101 , 用于在差分操作后得到的、 长度为 Μ的序列的序列 各值对应相加, 得到相加后的序列, 所述相加后的序列长度为 Μ; In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, the adding module 902 may include: an adding sub-module 1101, where values of a sequence of a sequence of length Μ obtained after the differential operation are correspondingly added to obtain a phase The sequence after the addition, the length of the added sequence is Μ;
第二变换子模块 1102, 用于在相加后得到的、 长度为 Μ 的序列后补 Nt-M个 0, 对补零后形成的长度为 Nt的序列做 FFT, 其中, Nt不小于 M, 位于 〔N/8 , N〕之间, 且 Nt的值等于 2的幂次方。 The second transform sub-module 1102 is configured to complement N t -M 0s after the addition, the sequence of length Μ, and perform FFT on the sequence of length N t formed after zero-padding, where N t is not Less than M, located between [N/8, N], and the value of N t is equal to the power of 2.
在一个实施例中, 如图 12所示结构, 测距码检测装置还可以包括:
第四确定模块 1201 , 用于确定峰峰比大于第二门限值, 其中, 峰峰比 功率的均值的比值, 第二门限值不小于预设测距码警码率下限所对应的门 限值。 In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12, the ranging code detecting apparatus may further include: The fourth determining module 1201 is configured to determine that a peak-to-peak ratio is greater than a second threshold, where a peak-to-peak ratio is a ratio of a mean value of the power, and the second threshold is not less than a gate corresponding to a lower limit of the preset ranging code Limit.
根据本发明实施例提供的方法, 将测距信号包含的两个以上符号在频 域上进行相加合并可以提高信噪比, 进而可以解决背景技术中提到的因低 信噪比导致测距码检测率低, 从而使***受限于上行的初始测距码接入检 测的问题, 提高***的性能。 According to the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, adding and combining two or more symbols included in the ranging signal in the frequency domain can improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and further can solve the ranging caused by the low signal-to-noise ratio mentioned in the background art. The code detection rate is low, so that the system is limited by the problem of uplink initial ranging code access detection, and the performance of the system is improved.
进一步, 釆用结合第一门限值和第二门限值确定测距码的方法, 克服 了单纯依赖峰均比检测测距码时造成的检测率和虚警率相互矛盾的问题, 能够在提高检测率的同时保证可以获得较低的虚警率。 Further, the method for determining the ranging code by combining the first threshold value and the second threshold value overcomes the contradiction between the detection rate and the false alarm rate caused by simply relying on the peak-to-average ratio detection ranging code, and can Increase the detection rate while ensuring a low false alarm rate.
进一步, 取间隔小于相干带宽的子载波进行计算, 与只取间隔为 1 的 子载波对其进行共轭相乘消除信道的衰落影响相比, 计算量大大减少, 减 少了计算的复杂度, 降低了对资源的占用, 能够节省资源, 提高资源利用 率, 能够以少量的计算量获得更好的性能。 Further, the subcarriers with the interval smaller than the coherent bandwidth are calculated, and the conjugate is multiplied by the subcarriers with the interval of 1 to eliminate the fading effect of the channel, the calculation amount is greatly reduced, the computation complexity is reduced, and the computation is reduced. The use of resources can save resources, improve resource utilization, and achieve better performance with a small amount of computation.
进一步, 将经差分操作生成的多个频分序列的频域值对应相加, 得到 相加后的、长度为 M的频分序列,避免了如其他测距码检测方法中提到的, 在差分操作后得到的每个序列均进行一次 FFT运算, 能够大幅度减少计算 量, 节省资源。 本发明的精神和范围。 这样, 倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权 利要求及其等同技术的范围之内, 则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在 内。
Further, the frequency domain values of the plurality of frequency division sequences generated by the differential operation are correspondingly added to obtain the added frequency division sequence of length M, which is avoided as mentioned in other ranging code detection methods. Each sequence obtained after the differential operation is subjected to an FFT operation, which can greatly reduce the amount of calculation and save resources. The spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and modifications of the invention
Claims
1、 一种测距码检测方法, 其特征在于, 该方法包括: A method for detecting a ranging code, the method comprising:
对经单天线接收的时域信号进行快速傅立叶变换 FFT, 在变换后获得 的频域信号的测距子载波上获取测距信号; Performing a fast Fourier transform FFT on the time domain signal received by the single antenna, and acquiring a ranging signal on the ranging subcarrier of the frequency domain signal obtained after the transform;
对除第一个符号外的其他符号的序列分别进行相位补偿, 补偿值为循 环前缀 CP长度的等效相位延迟; Phase compensation is performed on sequences of symbols other than the first symbol, and the compensation value is an equivalent phase delay of the cyclic prefix CP length;
对第一个符号的序列及其他各符号经相位补偿后获得的序列进行加权 合并, 获得合并后的序列, 其中加权的权值位于 〔0, 1〕之间, 各权值之 和等于 1 , 且与各符号上携带的数据信息量成正比; The sequence of the first symbol and the sequence obtained by phase compensation of each of the other symbols are weighted and combined to obtain a combined sequence, wherein the weighted weight is between [0, 1], and the sum of the weights is equal to 1 . And proportional to the amount of data information carried on each symbol;
在已存储的码表中依次选择本地码, 利用选择的本地码的序列与合并 后的序列进行相关运算; Selecting a local code in the stored code table, and performing a correlation operation using the sequence of the selected local code and the merged sequence;
对相关运算后得到的序列进行差分操作及 FFT, 并计算经差分操作及 变换后生成的序列中各值的功率; Performing a differential operation and an FFT on the sequence obtained after the correlation operation, and calculating the power of each value in the sequence generated by the differential operation and the transformation;
根据经差分操作及变换后生成的序列中各值的功率确定峰均比; 当峰均比大于第一门限值时, 确定接收的时域信号中携带有测距码, 所述第一门限值不小于预设测距码检测率上限所对应的门限值。 Determining a peak-to-average ratio according to the power of each value in the sequence generated by the differential operation and the transformation; when the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determining that the received time domain signal carries a ranging code, the first gate The limit is not less than the threshold corresponding to the upper limit of the preset range detection rate.
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述对除第一个符号外的 其他符号的序列分别进行相位补偿为: 按照公式 Υ;λ = Υί * Qxp(-j^k)对其他各符号的序列分别进行相位补 偿, 其中, i、 j、 k均为正整数, i > 2 , N为 FFT窗口值, 表示第 i个符 号的第 k个子载波的频域值, ^表示第 i个符号的第 k个子载波的经相位 exp (- / i k) 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sequence of the symbols other than the first symbol is separately compensated according to the formula: λ = Υ ί * Q xp (-j^ k) performing phase compensation on the sequences of the other symbols, where i, j, and k are positive integers, i > 2, where N is an FFT window value, indicating the frequency domain value of the kth subcarrier of the ith symbol, ^ indicates the phase exp (- / i k) of the kth subcarrier of the ith symbol
补偿后的频域值, lcp是 CP长度, N 为 CP长度的等效相位延迟。 The compensated frequency domain value, l cp is the CP length, and N is the equivalent phase delay of the CP length.
3、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述加权的权值与所述单 天线所在小区的覆盖半径成正比。 3. The method of claim 1 wherein: the weighted weight and the single The coverage radius of the cell where the antenna is located is proportional.
4、 如权利要求 1至 3任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述对相关运 算后得到的序列进行差分操作及 FFT变换为: The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the differential operation and the FFT transformation on the sequence obtained after the correlation are:
将相关运算后得到的序列映射回对应的测距子载波; Mapping the sequence obtained after the correlation operation to the corresponding ranging subcarrier;
依次对相距为 "Δ/ 的测距子载波上承载的序列按公式 η] = ∑ ckYkHk exp(-7 ^ /0) * (ck+nYk+nH k+n Qxp(-j 1 ") /。))* Sequences carried on the ranging subcarriers with a distance of Δ / are sequentially given by the formula η] = ∑ c k Y k H k exp(-7 ^ / 0 ) * (c k+n Y k+n H k+n Q xp(-j 1 ") /.))*
(k+n)" 进行差分操作,得 (k+n) "Different operation, get
丄 N 到长度为 M的序列, 其中, l≤n≤M, n、 M为正整数, M是子载波的最大 间隔, Δ/为相临两个子载波间的间隔, K表示所有测距子载波组成的集合, ¾和 Hk+n为信道相关系数, Ck和 (^+11是本地码 C对应的序列, 1。是接收的 时域信号的时偏; 丄N to a sequence of length M, where l≤n≤M, n, M are positive integers, M is the maximum interval of subcarriers, Δ/ is the interval between two adjacent subcarriers, and K represents all distances The set of carrier components, 3⁄4 and H k+n are channel correlation coefficients, C k and (^ +11 are sequences corresponding to the local code C, and 1 is the time offset of the received time domain signal;
在差分操作后得到的、长度为 M的序列后补 Nt-M个 0,对补零后形成 的长度为 Nt的序列做 FFT, 其中, Nt不小于 M, 位于〔N/8, N〕之间, 且 Nt的值等于 2的幂次方。 After the differential operation, the sequence of length M is complemented by N t -M 0s, and the sequence of length N t formed after zero padding is subjected to FFT, where N t is not less than M, located at [N/8, Between N and , and the value of N t is equal to the power of 2.
5、 如权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, 当所述子载波间隔小于相 干带宽时, Hk = Hk+n, x[n-\ = k(n)Q j^n) , 其中, 是测距子载波集 K 5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein, when the subcarrier spacing is less than the coherence bandwidth, H k = H k + n , x [n- \ = k (n) Q j ^ n), Where is the ranging subcarrier set K
N N
中间距为 "Δ/的载波对的数目。 The number of carrier pairs with a spacing of " Δ /".
6、 如权利要求 1至 3任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述第一门限 值位于 〔12, 16〕之间。 The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first threshold value is between [12, 16].
7、 如权利要求 1至 3任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 确认峰均比大 于第一门限值之后、 确定接收的时域信号中携带有测距码之前, 该方法还 包括: The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, after confirming that the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, and determining that the received time domain signal carries the ranging code, the method further includes :
确定峰峰比大于第二门限值, 其中, 所述峰峰比为经差分操作及转换 所述第二门限值不小于预设测距码警码率下限所对应的门限值。 Determining that the peak-to-peak ratio is greater than a second threshold, wherein the peak-to-peak ratio is differential operation and conversion The second threshold is not less than a threshold corresponding to a lower limit of the preset ranging code alarm rate.
8、 如权利要求 7所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述第二门限值位于〔3 , 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the second threshold is located at [3,
6〕之间。 6) between.
9、 一种测距码检测方法, 其特征在于, 该方法包括: 9. A method for detecting a ranging code, the method comprising:
经由多天线接收多个时域信号时, 分别对每个时域信号均进行如下操 作以获得经差分操作生成的序列: 对时域信号进行快速傅立叶变换 FFT, 在变换后获得的频域信号的测距子载波上获取测距信号; 对除第一个符号 外的其他符号的序列分别进行相位补偿,补偿值为循环前缀 CP长度的等效 相位延迟; 对第一个符号的序列及其他各符号经相位补偿后获得的序列进 行加权合并, 获得合并后的序列, 其中加权的权值位于 〔0, 1〕之间, 各 权值之和等于 1 , 且与各符号上携带的数据信息量成正比; 在已存储的码表 中依次选择本地码, 利用选择的本地码的序列与合并后的序列进行相关运 算, 并对相关运算后得到的序列进行差分操作; When receiving multiple time domain signals via multiple antennas, each of the time domain signals is respectively subjected to the following operations to obtain a sequence generated by the differential operation: performing fast Fourier transform FFT on the time domain signal, and obtaining the frequency domain signal after the transform Obtaining a ranging signal on the ranging subcarrier; performing phase compensation on the sequences of other symbols except the first symbol, the compensation value is an equivalent phase delay of the cyclic prefix CP length; the sequence of the first symbol and other The sequence obtained by phase compensation of the symbols is weighted and combined to obtain a combined sequence, wherein the weighted weights are located between [0, 1], the sum of the weights is equal to 1, and the amount of data information carried on each symbol Directly proportional; select the local code in the stored code table, use the selected local code sequence and the combined sequence to perform correlation operations, and perform differential operations on the sequence obtained after the correlation operation;
将获得的多个经差分操作生成的序列各值对应相加, 得到相加后的序 列, 并进行 FFT; Adding a plurality of obtained values of the sequence generated by the difference operation to obtain an added sequence, and performing FFT;
计算出经 FFT变换后得到的序列的功率, 确定峰均比; Calculating the power of the sequence obtained by the FFT transformation to determine the peak-to-average ratio;
当峰均比大于第一门限值时, 确定接收的时域信号中携带有测距码, 所述第一门限值不小于预设测距码检测率上限所对应的门限值。 When the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, it is determined that the received time domain signal carries a ranging code, and the first threshold is not less than a threshold corresponding to the upper limit of the preset ranging code detection rate.
10、 如权利要求 9所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述对除第一个符号外 的其他符号的序列分别进行相位补偿为: 按照公式 Υ;λ = Υί * Qxp(-j^k)对其他各符号的序列分别进行相位补 偿, 其中, i、 j、 k均为正整数, i > 2 , N为 FFT窗口值, 表示第 i个符 号的第 k个子载波的频域值, ^表示第 i个符号的第 k个子载波的经相位 补偿后的频域值, lcp是 CP长度, 为 CP长度的等效相位延迟。10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the sequence of the symbols other than the first symbol is separately compensated according to the formula: λ = Υ ί * Q xp (-j^ k) performing phase compensation on the sequences of the other symbols, where i, j, and k are positive integers, i > 2, where N is an FFT window value, indicating the frequency domain value of the kth subcarrier of the ith symbol, ^ represents the phase of the kth subcarrier of the ith symbol The compensated frequency domain value, l cp is the CP length, The equivalent phase delay for the length of the CP.
11、 如权利要求 9 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述加权的权值与所述 多天线所在小区的覆盖半径成正比。 The method according to claim 9, wherein the weighted weight is proportional to a coverage radius of a cell in which the multiple antennas are located.
12、 如权利要求 9至 11任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述对相关 运算后得到的序列进行差分操作为: The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the differential operation of the sequence obtained after the correlation operation is:
将相关运算后得到的序列映射回对应的测距子载波; Mapping the sequence obtained after the correlation operation to the corresponding ranging subcarrier;
依次对相距为 "Δ/ 的测距子载波上承载的序列按公式 η] = ∑ c[YkHk exp(-7^/0) * (ck+nYk+nH k+n Qxp(-j 1 : ") /。))* Sequences carried on the ranging subcarriers with a distance of " Δ / according to the formula η] = ∑ c[Y k H k exp(-7^/ 0 ) * (c k+n Y k+n H k+n Q xp(-j 1 : ") /.))*
进行差分操作,得 Perform differential operation
= ∑ HkH + j^ 到长度为 M的序列, 其中, l≤n≤M, n、 M为正整数, M是子载波的最大 间隔, Δ/为相临两个子载波间的间隔, K表示所有测距子载波组成的集合, ¾和 Hk+n为信道相关系数, Ck和 (^+11是本地码 C对应的序列, 1。是接收的 时域信号的时偏。 = ∑ H k H + j^ to a sequence of length M, where l ≤ n ≤ M, n, M are positive integers, M is the maximum spacing of subcarriers, Δ / is the interval between adjacent subcarriers, K denotes a set of all ranging subcarriers, 3⁄4 and Hk+n are channel correlation coefficients, C k and (^ +11 are sequences corresponding to the local code C, and 1 is the time offset of the received time domain signal.
13、 如权利要求 12所述的方法, 其特征在于, 当所述子载波间隔小于 相干带宽时, ¾ = Hk+n, M = ^)exp(7^«) , 其中, 是测距子载波集 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein when the subcarrier spacing is less than a coherence bandwidth, 3⁄4 = H k+n , M = ^)exp(7^«) , where is a ranging Carrier set
N N
K中间距为" Δ /的载波对的数目。 The number of carrier pairs with a spacing of " Δ / in K.
14、 如权利要求 12所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述将获得的多个经差 分操作生成的序列的序列各值对应相加, 得到相加后的序列, 并进行 FFT 为: The method according to claim 12, wherein the obtained sequence values of the plurality of sequences generated by the differential operation are correspondingly added to obtain an added sequence, and the FFT is:
在差分操作后得到的、 长度为 Μ的多个序列的序列各值对应相加, 得 到相加后的序列, 所述相加后的序列长度为 Μ; The sequence values of the plurality of sequences of length Μ obtained after the differential operation are added correspondingly, and the added sequence is obtained, and the added sequence length is Μ;
在相加后得到的、长度为 Μ的序列后补 Nt-M个 0,对补零后形成的长 度为 Nt的序列做 FFT, 其中, Nt不小于 M, 位于 〔N/8, N〕之间, 且 Nt 的值等于 2的幂次方。 After the addition, the sequence of length Μ is complemented by N t -M 0, and the sequence of length N t formed after zero padding is subjected to FFT, where N t is not less than M, located at [N/8, Between N, and N t The value is equal to the power of 2.
15、 如权利要求 9至 11任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述第一门 限值位于 〔12, 16〕之间。 The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the first threshold value is between [12, 16].
16、 如权利要求 9至 11任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 确认峰均比 大于第一门限值之后、 确定接收的时域信号中携带有测距码之前, 该方法 还包括: The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein, after confirming that the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, and determining that the received time domain signal carries the ranging code, the method further includes :
确定峰峰比大于第二门限值, 其中, 所述峰峰比为经差分操作及转换 所述第二门限值不小于预设测距码警码率下限所对应的门限值。 The peak-to-peak ratio is determined to be greater than a second threshold value, wherein the peak-to-peak ratio is a threshold value corresponding to the differential operation and the conversion of the second threshold value that is not less than a lower limit of the preset ranging code alarm code rate.
17、如权利要求 16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二门限值位于〔3 , 6〕之间。 17. The method of claim 16 wherein said second threshold is between [3, 6].
18、 一种测距码检测装置, 其特征在于, 该测距码检测装置包括: 补 偿模块、 加权模块、 计算模块和第一确定模块; 其中, 18, a ranging code detecting device, wherein the ranging code detecting device comprises: a compensation module, a weighting module, a calculating module, and a first determining module; wherein
所述补偿模块, 用于对经单天线接收的时域信号进行快速傅立叶变换 FFT, 在变换后获得的频域信号的测距子载波上获取测距信号; 对除第一个 符号外的其他符号的序列分别进行相位补偿,补偿值为循环前缀 CP长度的 等效相位延迟; The compensation module is configured to perform fast Fourier transform FFT on the time domain signal received by the single antenna, and obtain a ranging signal on the ranging subcarrier of the frequency domain signal obtained after the transform; and other than the first symbol The sequence of symbols is separately phase compensated, and the compensation value is an equivalent phase delay of the cyclic prefix CP length;
所述加权模块, 用于对第一个符号的序列及其他各符号经相位补偿后 获得的序列进行加权合并, 获得合并后的序列, 其中加权的权值位于 〔0, 1〕之间, 各权值之和等于 1 , 且与各符号上携带的数据信息量成正比; 所述计算模块, 用于在已存储的码表中依次选择本地码, 利用选择的 本地码的序列与合并后的序列进行相关运算; 对相关运算后得到的序列进 行差分操作及 FFT, 并计算经差分操作及变换后生成的序列中各值的功率; 根据经差分操作及变换后生成的序列中各值的功率, 确定峰均比; The weighting module is configured to weight combine the sequence of the first symbol and the sequence obtained by phase compensation of the other symbols to obtain a combined sequence, wherein the weighted weight is between [0, 1], each The sum of the weights is equal to 1 and is proportional to the amount of data information carried on each symbol; the calculation module is configured to sequentially select the local code in the stored code table, and use the sequence of the selected local code and the merged The sequence performs correlation operations; performs differential operations and FFTs on the sequence obtained after the correlation operation, and calculates the power of each value in the sequence generated after the differential operation and transformation; the power of each value in the sequence generated by the differential operation and the transformation , determine the peak-to-average ratio;
所述第一确定模块, 用于当峰均比大于第一门限值时, 确定接收的时 域信号中携带有测距码, 所述第一门限值不小于预设测距码检测率上限所 对应的门限值。 The first determining module is configured to determine when the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold The domain signal carries a ranging code, and the first threshold is not less than a threshold corresponding to an upper limit of the preset ranging code detection rate.
19、 如权利要求 18所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述补偿模块对除第一 个符号外的其他符号的序列分别进行相位补偿为: 按照公式 The device according to claim 18, wherein the compensation module separately compensates the sequences of the symbols other than the first symbol to:
}^ = ^ * exp(- ^ t)对其他各符号的序列分别进行相位补偿, 其中, i、 j、 k均为正整数, i > 2, N为 FFT窗口值, ^表示第 i个符号的第 k个子载波 的频域值, ^表示第 i个符号的第 k个子载波的经相位补偿后的频域值, 1 exp (- / i k) ^ }^ = ^ * ex p(- ^ t) separately compensates the sequences of other symbols, where i, j, k are positive integers, i > 2, N is the FFT window value, and ^ represents the ith The frequency domain value of the kth subcarrier of the symbol, ^ represents the phase compensated frequency domain value of the kth subcarrier of the ith symbol, 1 exp (- / i k) ^
是 CP长度, N 为 cp长度的等效相位延迟。 Is the length of the CP, and N is the equivalent phase delay of the cp length.
20、 如权利要求 18所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述加权模块还用于根 据所述单天线所在小区的覆盖半径确定所述加权的权值, 其中, 所述加权 的权值与所述单天线所在小区的覆盖半径成正比。 The device according to claim 18, wherein the weighting module is further configured to determine the weighted weight according to a coverage radius of a cell where the single antenna is located, where the weighted weight and the weight are The coverage radius of the cell in which the single antenna is located is proportional.
21、 如权利要求 18至 20任一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述计算 模块具体包括: 第一映射子模块、 第一差分子模块和第一变换子模块; 其 中, The device according to any one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the calculation module specifically includes: a first mapping sub-module, a first difference molecular module, and a first transform sub-module;
所述第一映射子模块, 用于将相关运算后得到的序列映射回对应的测 距子载波; 所述第一差分子模块,用于依次对相距为 "Δ /的测距子载波上承载的序 η] = ∑ ckYkHk Qxp(- A0) * (cl+nYk+nHk+n exp(-7 2 ") /0))* 列按公式 (ί+" 进行差 The first mapping submodule is configured to map the sequence obtained by the correlation operation back to the corresponding ranging subcarrier; the first difference molecular module is configured to sequentially carry the bearer on the ranging subcarrier with a distance of “ Δ / Order η] = ∑ c k Y k H k Qxp (- A 0 ) * (cl +n Y k+n H k+n exp(-7 2 ") / 0 ))* by formula ( ί+ " Carry out the difference
= ∑ HkHln Q j^n) 分操作, 得到长度为 M的序列, 其中, l≤n≤M, n、 M为正整数, M是子 载波的最大间隔, Δ/为相临两个子载波间的间隔, K表示所有测距子载波 组成的集合, ¾和 Hk+n为信道相关系数, Ck和 (^+11是本地码 C对应的序列, lo是接收的时域信号的时偏; = ∑ H k Hl n Q j^n) Sub-operation, to obtain a sequence of length M, where l ≤ n ≤ M, n, M is a positive integer, M is the maximum interval of subcarriers, Δ / is adjacent The interval between subcarriers, K represents the set of all ranging subcarriers, 3⁄4 and Hk+n are channel correlation coefficients, C k and (^ +11 are sequences corresponding to local code C, Lo is the time offset of the received time domain signal;
所述第一变换子模块, 用于在差分操作后得到的、 长度为 M的序列后 补 Nt-M个 0,对补零后形成的长度为 Nt的序列做 FFT,其中, Nt不小于 M, 位于〔N/8 , N〕之间, 且 Nt的值等于 2的幂次方。 The first transform submodule is configured to complement N t -M 0s of the sequence of length M obtained after the differential operation, and perform FFT on the sequence of length N t formed after zero padding, where N t Not less than M, located between [N/8, N], and the value of N t is equal to the power of 2.
22、 如权利要求 21所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述第一差分子模块对 相距为 "Δ /的测距子载波上承载的序列进行差分操作且子载波间隔小于相 干带宽时, ¾ = Hk+n, x[n-\ = k(n) Q j^n) , 其中, 是测距子载波集 K The device according to claim 21, wherein the first difference molecular module performs differential operation on a sequence carried on a ranging subcarrier separated by " Δ / and the subcarrier spacing is smaller than a coherent bandwidth, 3⁄4 = H k+n , x[n-\ = k(n) Q j^n) , where is the ranging subcarrier set K
N N
中间距为 "Δ/的载波对的数目。 The number of carrier pairs with a spacing of " Δ /".
23、 如权利要求 18至 20任一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 该装置还 包括: The apparatus according to any one of claims 18 to 20, further comprising:
第二确定模块, 用于确定峰峰比大于第二门限值, 其中, 所述峰峰比 功率的均值的比值, 所述第二门限值不小于预设测距码警码率下限所对应 的门限值。 a second determining module, configured to determine that a peak-to-peak ratio is greater than a second threshold, wherein the peak-to-peak ratio is a ratio of a mean value of the power, and the second threshold is not less than a lower limit of a preset ranging code Corresponding threshold.
24、 一种测距码检测装置, 其特征在于, 该测距码检测装置包括: 获 得模块、 相加模块、 第三确定模块; 其中, 24, a ranging code detecting device, wherein the ranging code detecting device comprises: a obtaining module, an adding module, and a third determining module; wherein
所述获得模块, 用于经由多天线接收的多个时域信号时, 分别对每个 时域信号均进行如下操作以获得经差分操作生成的序列: 对时域信号进行 快速傅立叶变换 FFT, 在变换后获得的频域信号的测距子载波上获取测距 信号; 对除第一个符号外的其他符号的序列分别进行相位补偿, 补偿值为 循环前缀 CP长度的等效相位延迟;对第一个符号的序列及其他各符号经相 位补偿后获得的序列进行加权合并, 获得合并后的序列, 其中加权的权值 位于〔0, 1〕之间, 各权值之和等于 1 , 且与各符号上携带的数据信息量成 正比; 在已存储的码表中依次选择本地码, 利用选择的本地码的序列与合 并后的序列进行相关运算, 并对相关运算后得到的序列进行差分操作; 所述相加模块, 用于将获得的多个经差分操作生成的序列的序列各值 对应相加, 得到相加后的序列, 并进行 FFT; 计算出经 FFT变换后得到的 序列的功率, 确定峰均比, 所述峰均比为经差分操作及变换后生成的序列 各值的峰值功率与均值功率的比值; The obtaining module, when used for multiple time domain signals received via multiple antennas, respectively performs the following operations on each time domain signal to obtain a sequence generated by the differential operation: performing fast Fourier transform FFT on the time domain signal, Obtaining a ranging signal on a ranging subcarrier of the frequency domain signal obtained after the transform; performing phase compensation on the sequences of other symbols except the first symbol, and the compensation value is an equivalent phase delay of the cyclic prefix CP length; A sequence of symbols and other sequences obtained by phase compensation are weighted and combined to obtain a combined sequence, wherein the weighted weights are between [0, 1], and the sum of the weights is equal to 1, and The amount of data carried on each symbol is proportional; the local code is sequentially selected in the stored code table, the correlation between the selected local code sequence and the combined sequence is performed, and the sequence obtained after the correlation operation is subjected to differential operation. ; The adding module is configured to add the sequence values of the obtained sequence generated by the difference operation to obtain the added sequence, and perform FFT; calculate the power of the sequence obtained by the FFT transform, Determining a peak-to-average ratio, wherein the peak-to-average ratio is a ratio of a peak power to a mean power of each value of the sequence generated after the differential operation and the transformation;
所述第三确定模块, 用于当峰均比大于第一门限值时, 确定接收的时 域信号中携带有测距码, 所述第一门限值不小于预设测距码检测率上限所 对应的门限值。 The third determining module is configured to: when the peak-to-average ratio is greater than the first threshold, determine that the received time domain signal carries a ranging code, where the first threshold is not less than a preset ranging code detection rate. The threshold corresponding to the upper limit.
25、 如权利要求 24所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述获得模块对除第一 个符号外的其他符号的序列分别进行相位补偿为: 按照公式 The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the obtaining module separately performs phase compensation on a sequence of symbols other than the first symbol:
}^ = ^ * exp(- ^ t)对其他各符号的序列分别进行相位补偿, 其中, i、 j、 k均为正整数, i > 2, N为 FFT窗口值, ^表示第 i个符号的第 k个子载波 的频域值, ^表示第 i个符号的第 k个子载波的经相位补偿后的频域值, lcp exp (- / i k) ^ }^ = ^ * ex p(- ^ t) separately compensates the sequences of other symbols, where i, j, k are positive integers, i > 2, N is the FFT window value, and ^ represents the ith The frequency domain value of the kth subcarrier of the symbol, ^ represents the phase compensated frequency domain value of the kth subcarrier of the i-th symbol, l cp exp (- / i k) ^
是 CP长度, N 为 cp长度的等效相位延迟。 Is the length of the CP, and N is the equivalent phase delay of the cp length.
26、 如权利要求 24所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述获得模块进一步用 于: 根据所述多天线所在小区的覆盖半径确定所述加权的权值, 其中, 所 述加权的权值与所述多天线所在小区的覆盖半径成正比。 The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the obtaining module is further configured to: determine, according to a coverage radius of a cell where the multiple antennas are located, the weighted weight, where the weighted weight is The coverage radius of the cell in which the multiple antennas are located is proportional.
27、 如权利要求 24至 26任一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述获得 模块包括: 第二映射子模块和第二差分子模块; 其中, The device according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein the obtaining module comprises: a second mapping sub-module and a second difference molecular module;
所述第二映射子模块, 用于将相关运算后得到的序列映射回对应的测 距子载波; The second mapping submodule is configured to map the sequence obtained after the correlation operation to the corresponding ranging subcarrier;
所述第二差分子模块,用于依次对相距为 "Δ /的测距子载波上承载的序 An\= ∑ ckYkHk exp(-7 --/0) * (ck+nYk+nHk+n exp(~7 0)Υ 列按公式 (ί+" 进行差 The second difference molecular module is configured to sequentially carry the sequence carried on the ranging subcarriers with a distance of " Δ / An\= ∑ c k Y k H k exp(-7 --/ 0 ) * (c k+n Y k+n H k+n exp(~7 0 )Υ column by formula ( ί+ "
= ∑ H« j^ = ∑ H« j^
丄 N 分操作, 得到长度为 M的序列, 其中, l≤n≤M, n、 M为正整数, M是子 载波的最大间隔, Δ/为相临两个子载波间的间隔, K表示所有测距子载波 组成的集合, ¾和 Hk+n为信道相关系数, Ck和 (^+11是本地码 C对应的序列, 10是接收的时域信号的时偏, N为 FFT窗口数。 丄N operation, to obtain a sequence of length M, where l≤n≤M, n, M are positive integers, M is the maximum interval of subcarriers, Δ/ is the interval between two subcarriers, K means all The set of ranging subcarriers, 3⁄4 and H k+n are channel correlation coefficients, C k and (^ +11 are sequences corresponding to local code C, 10 is the time offset of the received time domain signal, and N is the FFT window number.
28、 如权利要求 27所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述第二差分子模块进 一步用于: 当所述子载波间隔小于相干带宽时, Hk = Hk+n , 此时, · , 中, 是测距徹 集 间距为 载波对 的数目。 The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the second difference numerator module is further configured to: when the subcarrier spacing is less than a coherence bandwidth, H k = H k+n , at this time, Medium is the number of ranging of the carrier pair.
29、 如权利要求 27所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述相加模块包括: 相 加子模块和第二变换子模块; 其中, The device of claim 27, wherein the adding module comprises: an adding submodule and a second transforming submodule;
所述相加子模块, 用于在差分操作后得到的、 长度为 M的序列的序列 各值对应相加, 得到相加后的序列, 所述相加后的序列长度为 M; The addition sub-module, the sequence values of the sequence of the length M obtained after the differential operation are correspondingly added to obtain the added sequence, and the added sequence length is M;
所述第二变换子模块,用于在相加后得到的、长度为 M的序列后补 Nt-M 个 0, 对补零后形成的长度为 Nt的序列做 FFT, 其中, Nt不小于 M, 位于 CN/8, N〕之间, 且 Nt的值等于 2的幂次方。 The second transform submodule is configured to complement N t -M 0s after the addition of the sequence of length M, and perform FFT on the sequence of length N t formed after zero padding, where N t Not less than M, located between CN/8, N], and the value of N t is equal to the power of 2.
30、 如权利要求 24至 26任一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 该装置还 包括第四确定模块, 用于确定峰峰比大于第二门限值, 其中, 所述峰峰比 功率的均值的比值, 所述第二门限值不小于预设测距码警码率下限所对应 的门限值。 The device according to any one of claims 24 to 26, further comprising a fourth determining module, configured to determine that a peak-to-peak ratio is greater than a second threshold, wherein the peak-to-peak ratio power The ratio of the mean value is not less than the threshold value corresponding to the lower limit of the preset ranging code alarm rate.
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