WO2011126121A1 - 低温靭性および落重特性に優れた溶接金属 - Google Patents
低温靭性および落重特性に優れた溶接金属 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011126121A1 WO2011126121A1 PCT/JP2011/058939 JP2011058939W WO2011126121A1 WO 2011126121 A1 WO2011126121 A1 WO 2011126121A1 JP 2011058939 W JP2011058939 W JP 2011058939W WO 2011126121 A1 WO2011126121 A1 WO 2011126121A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
- B23K35/3066—Fe as the principal constituent with Ni as next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/08—Vessels characterised by the material; Selection of materials for pressure vessels
- G21C13/087—Metallic vessels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a weld metal applied in an Mn—Mo—Ni based welded structure in the field of nuclear power, and particularly to a weld metal excellent in low-temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics.
- Mn-Mo-Ni steel is known to have excellent strength and toughness, and is mainly used as a material for pressure vessels of nuclear power plants.
- the toughness level required from the viewpoint of safety has been steadily increasing.
- casks used for storing and transporting spent nuclear reactor fuel require much better low-temperature toughness.
- improvement in characteristics at low temperatures is also desired for the drop weight characteristics that ensure fracture safety.
- strength and low temperature are also required for Mn-Mo-Ni weld metals applied to these applications. Further improvements in toughness and drop weight characteristics are desired.
- a long annealing treatment for the purpose of removing stress after welding ( Hereinafter, it may be referred to as “SR annealing”), but the characteristics of the weld metal greatly change due to the precipitation of carbides during the SR annealing, so the strength and low temperature toughness corresponding to the SR annealing conditions. It is also necessary to establish technology to improve the weight loss characteristics.
- Ni-base alloy-based welding materials for improving the low temperature toughness of weld metal, for example, the effectiveness of Ni-base alloy-based welding materials as shown in Patent Document 1 and 9% Ni-base alloy-based welding materials as shown in Patent Document 2 is known. Yes.
- these Ni-based alloy-based welding materials are disadvantageous in terms of cost because they contain a large amount of expensive Ni, and 9% Ni-based alloy-based welding materials generate stable austenite during SR annealing, and yield stress is low. There is a problem of a significant drop. Therefore, a technique for further improving the strength, the low temperature toughness and the falling weight characteristic while suppressing the Ni content to a low level is required.
- TIG welding with low oxygen content is expected to have high toughness, but because it has the disadvantage of low construction efficiency, it is industrially highly efficient welding such as submerged arc welding with high oxygen content.
- construction a technology that guarantees high strength, low temperature toughness, and drop weight characteristics is desired.
- Patent Document 3 a certain low temperature toughness improving effect is obtained by the expression of a fine acicular ferrite structure starting from a Ti-based oxide.
- the low temperature toughness obtained by this technology is only at the level of ⁇ 60 ° C., and for further improvement of the low temperature toughness, the dispersion of the Ti-based oxide simultaneously causes an increase in coarse oxide which becomes a fracture starting point. It is necessary to devise.
- patent document 4 although the method of obtaining the weld metal which was excellent in the fall weight characteristic by controlling a flux and a wire component in submerged arc welding is disclosed, this technique does not assume SR annealing.
- the drop weight characteristic is that the drop non-breaking temperature is only -90 ° C.
- Patent Document 5 realizes a weld metal with excellent toughness by controlling the Ni content and Patent Document 6 utilizes Ti, but SR annealing is not assumed in the same manner.
- Patent Document 7 As a technique considering the toughness after SR annealing, a technique such as Patent Document 7 has also been proposed, but the toughness level obtained after SR annealing is the best and the absorbed energy at ⁇ 75 ° C. is about 55 J, In addition, there is room for improvement, and the effect on the drop weight characteristic is unknown.
- Patent Document 8 the toughness of high-strength MIG weld metal is improved by controlling the wire composition and the shielding gas component, but the guaranteed temperature remains at ⁇ 50 ° C. The effect of is unknown.
- Patent Document 9 high strength and toughness are achieved by performing quenching and tempering heat treatment on the weld metal. However, quenching the weld metal causes a significant complication of the process.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and its purpose is not only high strength but also good low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics, and is useful as a pressure vessel material for nuclear power plants. It is to provide a weld metal.
- the weld metal according to the present invention that has solved the above problems is C: 0.02 to 0.10% (meaning “mass%”; the same applies to the chemical composition); Si: 0.5% or less (Not including 0%), Mn: 1.0 to 1.9%, Ni: 2.7 to 8.0%, Cr: 0.7% or less (not including 0%), Mo: 0.05 -0.8%, Ti: 0.010-0.060%, N: 0.010% or less (excluding 0%) and O: 0.015-0.060%, respectively, The total content of Mo is 0.8% or less (excluding 0%), the balance is made of iron and inevitable impurities, and the A value defined by the following formula (1) is 3.8% or more, 9.0% or less, and the X value defined by the following formula (2) satisfies 0.5 or more, respectively, and is a carbide present in the weld metal. Circular area fraction of equivalent diameter of not less than 0.20 ⁇ m is 4.0% or less, equivalent circle diameter with a summary to point carbides number of more than 1.0 ⁇ m is 1000 /
- a value 0.8 ⁇ [C] ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ [Si] + 0.5 ⁇ [Mn] + 0.5 ⁇ [Cu] + [Ni] ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ [Mo] + 0.2 ⁇ [Cr] (1)
- [C], [Si], [Mn], [Cu], [Ni], [Mo] and [Cr] are respectively C, Si, Mn, Cu, Ni, Mo and Cr in the weld metal. Content (mass%) is shown.
- the “equivalent circle diameter” means the diameter when converted to a circle of the same area while paying attention to the size of the carbide.
- the B value defined by the following formula (3) is preferably 0.35% or less, and this further reduces the area fraction of those having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.20 ⁇ m or more. And low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics can be further improved.
- B value [C] ⁇ (2 ⁇ [Mn] + 3 ⁇ [Cr]) (3)
- [C], [Mn] and [Cr] indicate the contents (mass%) of C, Mn and Cr in the weld metal, respectively.
- the C content [C] and the Mo content [Mo] satisfy the relationship of the following formula (4).
- the number of carbides of 0 ⁇ m or more can be further reduced, and the low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics can be further improved. 0.01 + 2.2 ⁇ [C] ⁇ [Mo] ⁇ 0.2 + 15 ⁇ [C] (4)
- the weld metal of the present invention may further include (a) Cu: 0.35% or less (not including 0%), (b) Al: 0.030% or less (not including 0%), (c ) Nb: 0.030% or less (not including 0%) and / or V: 0.10% or less (not including 0%), etc. are also useful. Depending on the type, the characteristics of the weld metal are further improved.
- a welded structure including a weld metal excellent in low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics can be realized.
- a weld metal in a weld metal, high strength (tensile strength) can be ensured by appropriately controlling the chemical component composition while satisfying the relationship of the above formulas (1) and (2). It is possible to realize a weld metal that can exhibit excellent low-temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics, and such a weld metal is extremely useful as a material for a pressure vessel of a nuclear power plant or a material for a cask.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram showing the sampling position of a weld metal tensile test piece
- FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram showing the sampling position of a weld metal Charpy impact test piece.
- c) is a schematic view showing a sampling position of a weld metal drop test piece.
- the inventors of the present invention studied from various angles about means for realizing excellent strength, toughness, and drop weight performance in a weld metal having a high oxygen content. As a result, the fine reheated part structure formed during welding is increased and the oxide-originating acicular ferrite structure is developed to refine the original part structure (non-reheated structure), resulting in a coarser structure.
- the inventors have found that strength, low temperature toughness, and drop weight performance are improved by reducing carbides, and the present invention has been completed.
- the inventors of the present invention control the chemical component composition of the weld metal within a predetermined range, and set the following A value [formula (1)] determined by the component to 3.8% or more, 9.0% or less,
- the formula (2)] is controlled to be 0.5% or more, and the carbide present in the weld metal and having a circle equivalent diameter of 0.20 ⁇ m or more, the area fraction of the carbide is 4.0% or less. It has been found that by setting the number of carbides having an equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more to 1000 pieces / mm 2 or less, a weld metal having excellent strength, low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics can be realized.
- B value [formula (3)] obtained from the chemical component composition is 0.35% or less, the area fraction of carbide having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.20 ⁇ m or more can be further reduced, or By making the C content [C] and the Mo content [Mo] satisfy the relationship of the following formula (4), the number of carbides having an equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more can be further reduced. It was clarified that the strength, low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics were further improved.
- B value [C] ⁇ (2 ⁇ [Mn] + 3 ⁇ [Cr]) (3) However, [C], [Mn] and [Cr] indicate the contents (mass%) of C, Mn and Cr in the weld metal, respectively. 0.01 + 2.2 ⁇ [C] ⁇ [Mo] ⁇ 0.2 + 15 ⁇ [C] (4)
- the welding material component is naturally limited by the required welding metal component, and in order to obtain a predetermined carbide form, the welding conditions and the welding material component need to be appropriately controlled.
- the ⁇ value represented by the following equation (5) is 0.40% or less. It is preferable to control. This makes it easy to control the area fraction of carbides present in the weld metal and having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.20 ⁇ m or more to 4.0% or less.
- the size of carbide is also affected by the structure of the weld metal matrix. That is, as the weld metal matrix is finer, the number of carbide generation sites increases, so the carbide size is generally finer. Therefore, if the welding heat input is below the above range or the preheating / interpass temperature is low, the cooling rate during welding increases and the matrix structure becomes fine. Becomes wider. On the contrary, when the welding heat input becomes large or the preheating / interpass temperature becomes high, it is preferable to control the ⁇ value in a narrower range.
- the welding heat input and the preheat / pass temperature are parameters that affect properties such as strength, and are controlled within an appropriate range according to the required properties.
- the weld metal of the present invention has a Larson-Miller parameter (LMP) represented by the following equation (6), and is 17 ⁇ 10 3.
- LMP (T + 273) ⁇ (20 + logt) (6)
- LMP when SR annealing is performed at 565 ° C. for 4 hours (hr) is 17.3 ⁇ 10 3
- LMP when SR annealing is performed at 615 ° C. for 12 hours (hr) is 18.7 ⁇ 10 3 3
- the chemical component composition is appropriately controlled, and the A value defined by the following formula (1) is 3 according to the element content of C, Si, Mn, Cu, Ni, Mo, Cr and the like. It is necessary to satisfy the requirement of 0.8% or more and 9.0% or less.
- a value 0.8 ⁇ [C] ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ [Si] + 0.5 ⁇ [Mn] + 0.5 ⁇ [Cu] + [Ni] ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ [Mo] + 0.2 ⁇ [Cr ] (1)
- [C], [Si], [Mn], [Cu], [Ni], [Mo] and [Cr] are respectively C, Si, Mn, Cu, Ni, Mo and Cr in the weld metal. Content (mass%) is shown.
- the above formula (1) includes an element contained if necessary (for example, Cu). When this element is not included, the A value is calculated assuming that the item is not present, and the element is If included, the A value may be calculated from the above equation (1).
- the above A value is a parameter serving as an index of the transformation temperature of the weld metal.
- the preferable minimum of this A value is 4.5% or more, and a preferable upper limit is 8.0% or less.
- the X value defined by the following formula (2) is 0.5 or more depending on the content of elements such as Ti, O, Al, and Si.
- X value [Ti] / ([O] ⁇ 1.1 ⁇ [Al] + 0.05 ⁇ [Si]) (2)
- [Ti], [O], [Al] and [Si] indicate the contents (mass%) of Ti, O, Al and Si in the weld metal, respectively.
- the above formula (2) includes an element contained if necessary (for example, Al). When this element is not included, the X value is calculated assuming that the element is not present, and the element is If included, the X value may be calculated from the above equation (2).
- the X value is a parameter that defines the Ti oxide that is the starting point of the acicular ferrite. When this value is less than 0.5, Si oxide is formed on the surface of the Ti oxide, and the acicular ferrite forming ability is obtained. Will drop.
- the preferable lower limit of the X value is 0.6 or more.
- the area fraction of carbides present in the weld metal and having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.20 ⁇ m or more needs to be 4.0% or less.
- This area fraction is preferably 3.5% or less.
- the B value defined by the following equation (3) is a parameter indicating the stability of the carbide. By controlling this B value to 0.35% or less, the formation of coarse carbide is suppressed, and the low temperature toughness and the drop are reduced. This is preferable because the heavy characteristics are further improved. A more preferable upper limit of this B value is 0.30% or less.
- B value [C] ⁇ (2 ⁇ [Mn] + 3 ⁇ [Cr]) (3)
- [C], [Mn] and [Cr] indicate the contents (mass%) of C, Mn and Cr in the weld metal, respectively.
- the number of carbides present in the weld metal and having an equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more needs to be 1000 pieces / mm 2 or less.
- the number of carbides needs to be 1000 pieces / mm 2 or less, preferably 100 pieces / mm 2 or less (more preferably 50 pieces / mm 2 or less).
- the following formula (4) is a parameter for controlling the form of carbide, and the equivalent circle diameter is obtained when the C content [C] and the Mo content [Mo] satisfy the relationship of the following formula (4).
- Coarse carbides of 1.0 ⁇ m or more are preferable because they are difficult to form and the low-temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics are further improved. 0.01 + 2.2 ⁇ [C] ⁇ [Mo] ⁇ 0.2 + 15 ⁇ [C] (4)
- the composition of the weld metal is almost determined by the composition and penetration amount of the base Mn—Mo—Ni steel, the composition and penetration amount of the welding material (welding wire), and the basicity of the flux used in welding.
- the amount of penetration is largely determined by the composition of the weld joint of the base metal and the basicity of the flux during welding, while the composition of the welding material can be largely determined by the target weld metal composition and the basicity of the flux. it can.
- welding is performed while maintaining the basicity of the flux at about 2.5 to 2.6.
- each chemical component of the chemical component composition is controlled even if the A value defined by the above formula (1) and the X value defined by the above formula (2) are within predetermined ranges. If the content of (element) is not within an appropriate range, excellent mechanical properties cannot be achieved. Therefore, in the weld metal of the present invention, an A value [value of the above formula (1)] defined by an appropriate amount of C, Si, Mn, Cu, Ni, Mo and Cr, Ti, O, Al and Si are specified.
- the X value [the value of the above formula (2)] it is also necessary that the amount of each chemical component is within an appropriate range as shown below. The reasons for limiting the ranges of these components are as follows.
- C is an essential element for ensuring the strength of the weld metal. Moreover, it is an element effective also in improving low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics by lowering the transformation temperature of the weld metal and increasing the fine reheat part. In order to exhibit these effects, it is necessary to contain 0.02% or more. However, excessive C content leads to coarsening of carbides and causes deterioration in low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics, so it is necessary to make the content 0.10% or less.
- the preferable lower limit of the C content is 0.04% or more (more preferably 0.05% or more), and the preferable upper limit is 0.08% or less (more preferably 0.07% or less).
- Si 0.5% or less (excluding 0%)
- Si is an important element in securing the strength of the weld metal.
- the Si content is excessive, the strength is excessively increased, or the hard structure such as martensite is increased and the low temperature toughness and the drop weight characteristic are deteriorated. is there.
- the minimum with preferable Si content is 0.05% or more, and a preferable upper limit is 0.40% or less (more preferably 0.30% or less).
- Mn is an element necessary for ensuring the strength of the weld metal. Further, by lowering the transformation temperature of the weld metal and increasing the fine reheated portion, it is effective in improving the low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics. In order to exhibit these effects effectively, it is necessary to contain 1.0% or more of Mn. Preferably it is 1.2% or more (more preferably 1.3% or more). However, an excessive Mn content causes an excessive increase in strength and coarsening of carbides, causing low-temperature toughness and deterioration in drop weight characteristics. For these reasons, the Mn content needs to be 1.9% or less. Preferably it is 1.8% or less (more preferably 1.7% or less).
- Ni is an element effective in improving the low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics by lowering the transformation temperature of the weld metal and increasing the fine reheated portion. In order to exhibit such an effect effectively, Ni needs to be contained 2.7% or more. Preferably it is 3.0% or more (more preferably 4.0% or more). However, if the Ni content is excessive, fresh martensite is generated by SR annealing, which lowers the low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristic, so it is necessary to make it 8.0% or less. Preferably it is 7.0% or less (more preferably 6.0% or less).
- Cr 0.7% or less (excluding 0%)
- Cr is an element effective for ensuring the strength of the weld metal.
- the low temperature toughness and the drop weight characteristic are improved by lowering the transformation temperature of the weld metal and increasing the fine reheat part.
- the Cr content needs to be 0.7% or less.
- it is 0.6% or less (more preferably 0.5% or less).
- the preferable minimum for exhibiting the effect by Cr effectively is 0.05% or more (more preferably 0.1% or more).
- Mo 0.05 to 0.8%
- Mo is an element effective in forming fine carbides during SR annealing and improving strength. In order to exert such an effect effectively, it is necessary to contain 0.05% or more of Mo. If the Mo content is insufficient, the strength after SR annealing is reduced, coarse cementite is stabilized, low temperature toughness and drop are reduced. Heavy characteristics deteriorate. Preferably it is 0.1% or more (more preferably 0.2% or more). However, when the content is excessive, the coarsening of the carbide is promoted, and the low temperature toughness and the falling weight characteristic are deteriorated. For these reasons, the Mo content needs to be 0.8% or less. Preferably it is 0.6% or less (more preferably 0.5% or less).
- Cr + Mo 0.8% or less (excluding 0%)
- Cr and Mo are carbide-forming elements, which form fine carbides during SR annealing and exert an effect of improving strength.
- the preferable lower limit of the total content is 0.10% or more (more preferably 0.15% or more), and the preferable upper limit is 0.7% or less (more preferably 0.65% or less).
- Ti 0.010 to 0.060%
- Ti is an element effective in improving the weld metal strength, low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics after SR annealing by forming a Ti oxide and expressing a fine acicular ferrite structure. In order to exhibit such an effect, it is necessary to make it contain 0.010% or more. Preferably it is 0.015% or more (more preferably 0.020% or more). However, when the Ti content is excessive, the oxide is coarsened, and the low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristic are deteriorated. Therefore, the Ti content is preferably 0.060% or less. More preferably, it is 0.05% or less (more preferably 0.04% or less).
- N 0.010% or less (excluding 0%)
- N is an element effective for improving the strength of the weld metal by forming a nitride (or carbonitride) with Ti or an element such as Nb or V contained if necessary.
- N is contained excessively, N that exists alone without forming a nitride (solid solution N) increases, which adversely affects toughness.
- the N content needs to be 0.010% or less. Preferably it is 0.0080% or less.
- O is an element necessary for forming a Ti oxide, and in order to form a sufficient Ti oxide, it is necessary to contain 0.015% or more. Preferably it is 0.020% or more (more preferably 0.025% or more). However, if the O content is excessively large, coarse oxides increase, and the low temperature toughness is lowered by becoming the starting point of brittle fracture. For these reasons, the O content needs to be 0.060% or less. Preferably it is 0.050% or less (more preferably 0.045% or less).
- the contained elements specified in the present invention are as described above, and the balance is iron and unavoidable impurities, and the elements (for example, P, S) brought in as raw materials, materials, production facilities, etc. as the unavoidable impurities. , B, Sn, Zr, Bi, Pb, etc.) can be permitted.
- Co since Co is activated by neutron irradiation in a structure for nuclear power, it must be regulated to 0.05% or less in the weld metal and 0.05% or less in the welding wire.
- the weld metal of the present invention may further include (a) Cu: 0.35% or less (not including 0%), (b) Al: 0.030% or less (not including 0%), (c) as necessary. ) Nb: 0.030% or less (not including 0%) and / or V: 0.10% or less (not including 0%), etc. are also useful. Depending on the type, the properties of the weld metal are further improved.
- Cu 0.35% or less (excluding 0%)
- Cu is an element effective for improving the strength of the weld metal.
- the low temperature toughness and the drop weight characteristic are improved by lowering the transformation temperature of the weld metal and increasing the fine reheat part.
- the strength is excessively increased and adversely affects the low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics. More preferably, it is 0.30% or less (more preferably 0.25% or less).
- the preferable minimum for exhibiting the effect by Cu effectively is 0.02% or more (more preferably 0.05% or more).
- Al 0.030% or less (excluding 0%)
- Al is an element that is effective as a deoxidizer, but if its content exceeds 0.030%, it causes oxide coarsening and adversely affects low-temperature toughness. More preferably, it is 0.025% or less (more preferably 0.02% or less). In addition, the preferable minimum for exhibiting the effect by Al effectively is 0.005% or more.
- Nb and V are effective elements for forming carbonitride and improving the strength of the weld metal.
- Nb is 0.030% or less (more preferably 0.02% or less)
- V is 0.10% or less ( More preferably, it is 0.08% or less).
- the preferable minimum for exhibiting the effect by these elements effectively is 0.008% or more (more preferably 0.01% or more) in Nb, and 0.010% or more (more preferably 0.02) in V. % Or more).
- a welded structure including a weld metal excellent in low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics can be realized.
- the chemical component composition of the base material (welding base material) used at this time is as shown in Table 3 below, and the chemical component composition of the flux is as shown in Table 4 below.
- the basicity shown in Table 4 was basically calculated by the following formula recommended by IIW (International Institute of Welding) (the oxide in the formula represents the mass% of the oxide). .
- AC SiO 2 + (Al 2 O 3 + TiO 2 + ZrO 2 ) / 2
- the chemical component composition of the formed weld metal is shown in Tables 5 and 6 below together with the A value, the X value, the B value, the suitability of the equation (4) (Mo amount determination), and the basicity of the flux.
- the area fraction (total area ratio) of carbides having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.20 ⁇ m or more, the number of carbides having an equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more, and the tensile strength (TS) of the weld metal, low temperature Toughness (vE ⁇ 74 ) and drop weight characteristics were evaluated under the following conditions.
- a Charpy impact test piece (JIS Z31114 test piece [V-notch test piece]) is taken in the weld line direction from the center of the welded metal after SR treatment [FIG. 1 (b)], in accordance with JIS Z 2242
- the Charpy impact test was performed three times each at ⁇ 74 ° C., and the average value of the absorbed energy (vE ⁇ 74 ) at ⁇ 74 ° C. was measured. It was evaluated that the absorbed energy (vE ⁇ 74 ) exceeded 70 J and excellent in low temperature toughness.
- No. 20 to 36 are examples that do not meet any of the requirements defined in the present invention, and at least any of the characteristics is inferior.
- the C content exceeds the range specified in the present invention, and although high strength is obtained, low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics are deteriorated.
- the Si content exceeds the range defined in the present invention, and although high strength is obtained, both low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics are deteriorated.
- the Mn content is less than the range defined in the present invention, and the required strength is not obtained.
- the Mn content exceeds the range specified in the present invention (X value is also small), the number density of coarse carbides is large, and the low-temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics deteriorate. ing.
- the Ni content is less than the range specified in the present invention, and both the low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics are deteriorated.
- the Ni content exceeds the range defined in the present invention, and although high strength is obtained, both low temperature toughness and drop weight characteristics are deteriorated.
- the Ti content is less than the range specified in the present invention (X value is also small), and both the low temperature toughness and the drop weight characteristic are deteriorated.
- the Ti content exceeds the range specified in the present invention (A value is also increased), and although high strength is obtained, the number density of coarse carbides is increased, and low temperature toughness is obtained. And drop weight characteristics are deteriorated.
- the weld metal of the present invention is useful for Mn—Mo—Ni based welded structures in the nuclear field.
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Abstract
Description
[Ni]-0.5×[Mo]+0.2×[Cr] …(1)
但し、[C],[Si],[Mn],[Cu],[Ni],[Mo]および[Cr]は、夫々溶接金属中のC,Si,Mn,Cu,Ni,MoおよびCrの含有量(質量%)を示す。
X値=[Ti]/([O]-1.1×[Al]+0.05×[Si])…(2)
但し、[Ti],[O],[Al]および[Si]は、夫々溶接金属中のTi,O,AlおよびSiの含有量(質量%)を示す。
B値=[C]×(2×[Mn]+3×[Cr]) …(3)
但し、[C],[Mn]および[Cr]は、夫々溶接金属中のC,MnおよびCrの含有量(質量%)を示す。
0.01+2.2×[C]<[Mo]<0.2+15×[C] …(4)
B値=[C]×(2×[Mn]+3×[Cr]) …(3)
但し、[C],[Mn]および[Cr]は、夫々溶接金属中のC,MnおよびCrの含有量(質量%)を示す。
0.01+2.2×[C]<[Mo]<0.2+15×[C] …(4)
β値=(C)×{1.5×(Mn)+2.3×(Cr)} …(5)
但し、(C),(Mn)および(Cr)は、夫々溶接材料中のC,MnおよびCrの含有量(質量%)を示す。
LMP=(T+273)×(20+logt)…(6)
但し、T:SR焼鈍温度(℃)
t:SR焼鈍時間(hr)
A値=0.8×[C]-0.05×[Si]+0.5×[Mn]+0.5×[Cu]+[Ni]-0.5×[Mo]+0.2×[Cr] …(1)
但し、[C],[Si],[Mn],[Cu],[Ni],[Mo]および[Cr]は、夫々溶接金属中のC,Si,Mn,Cu,Ni,MoおよびCrの含有量(質量%)を示す。
X値=[Ti]/([O]-1.1×[Al]+0.05×[Si])…(2)
但し、[Ti],[O],[Al]および[Si]は、夫々溶接金属中のTi,O,AlおよびSiの含有量(質量%)を示す。
B値=[C]×(2×[Mn]+3×[Cr]) …(3)
但し、[C],[Mn]および[Cr]は、夫々溶接金属中のC,MnおよびCrの含有量(質量%)を示す。
0.01+2.2×[C]<[Mo]<0.2+15×[C] …(4)
Cは、溶接金属の強度を確保する上で必須の元素である。また、溶接金属の変態温度を下げ、微細再熱部を増加させることで低温靭性および落重特性を向上させる上でも有効な元素である。これらの効果を発揮させるためには、0.02%以上含有させる必要がある。しかしながら、C含有量が過剰になると炭化物の粗大化を招き、低温靭性および落重特性を劣化させる原因となるので、0.10%以下とする必要がある。C含有量の好ましい下限は0.04%以上(より好ましくは0.05%以上)であり、好ましい上限は0.08%以下(より好ましくは0.07%以下)である。
Siは、溶接金属の強度を確保する上で重要な元素である。しかしながら、Si含有量が過剰になると強度の過大な上昇を招き、或はマルテンサイト等の硬質組織増加をもたらし、低温靭性および落重特性の劣化を招くので、0.5%以下とする必要がある。尚、Si含有量の好ましい下限は0.05%以上であり、好ましい上限は0.40%以下(更に好ましくは0.30%以下)である。
Mnは、溶接金属の強度を確保する上で必要な元素である。また、溶接金属の変態温度を下げ、微細再熱部を増加させることで、低温靭性および落重特性を向上させる上でも有効に作用する。これらの効果を有効に発揮させるには、Mnは1.0%以上含有させる必要がある。好ましくは1.2%以上(より好ましくは1.3%以上)である。しかしながら、Mn含有量が過剰になると強度の過大な上昇や炭化物粗大化を招き、低温靭性および落重特性劣化の原因となる。こうしたことから、Mn含有量は1.9%以下とする必要がある。好ましくは1.8%以下(より好ましくは1.7%以下)である。
Niは、溶接金属の変態温度を下げ、微細再熱部を増加させることで低温靭性および落重特性を向上させる上で有効な元素である。こうした効果を有効に発揮させるには、Niは2.7%以上含有させる必要がある。好ましくは3.0%以上(より好ましくは4.0%以上)である。しかしながら、Niの含有量が過剰になると、SR焼鈍によってフレッシュマルテンサイトが生じ、低温靭性および落重特性を却って低下させるので、8.0%以下にする必要がある。好ましくは7.0%以下(より好ましくは6.0%以下)である。
Crは、溶接金属の強度確保に有効な元素である。また、溶接金属の変態温度を下げ、微細再熱部を増加させることで、低温靭性および落重特性を向上させる。しかしながら、その含有量が過剰になると、炭化物粗大化が促進され、低温靭性および落重特性が却って低下する。こうしたことから、Cr含有量は0.7%以下とする必要がある。好ましくは0.6%以下(より好ましくは0.5%以下)である。尚、Crによる効果を有効に発揮させるための好ましい下限は、0.05%以上(より好ましくは0.1%以上)である。
Moは、SR焼鈍時に微細炭化物を形成し、強度を向上させる上で有効な元素である。こうした効果を有効に発揮させるには、Moは0.05%以上含有させる必要があり、Mo含有量が不足すると、SR焼鈍後の強度が低下すると共に、粗大セメンタイトが安定化し、低温靭性および落重特性が劣化する。好ましくは0.1%以上(より好ましくは0.2%以上)である。しかしながら、その含有量が過剰になると、炭化物粗大化が促進され、低温靭性および落重特性が却って低下する。こうしたことから、Mo含有量は0.8%以下にする必要がある。好ましくは0.6%以下(より好ましくは0.5%以下)である。
CrおよびMoは炭化物形成元素であり、SR焼鈍時に微細炭化物を形成し、強度を向上させる作用を発揮するが、合計含有量で0.8%を超えて過剰になると、多量に炭化物が生成し、低温靭性および落重特性を却って劣化させることになる。この合計含有量の好ましい下限は0.10%以上(より好ましくは0.15%以上)であり、好ましい上限は0.7%以下(より好ましくは0.65%以下)である。
TiはTi酸化物を形成し、微細アシキュラーフェライト組織を発現することで、SR焼鈍後の溶接金属強度、低温靭性および落重特性を向上させる上で有効な元素である。こうした効果を発揮させるためには、0.010%以上含有させる必要がある。好ましくは0.015%以上(より好ましくは0.020%以上)である。しかしながら、Ti含有量が過剰になると、酸化物の粗大化を招き、低温靭性および落重特性が劣化するので、0.060%以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.05%以下(更に好ましくは0.04%以下)である。
Nは、Ti或は必要によって含有されるNb、V等の元素と窒化物(または炭窒化物)を形成し、溶接金属の強度を向上させるのに有効な元素である。しかしながら、Nが過剰に含有されると、窒化物を形成せずに単独で存在するN(固溶N)が増加し、靭性に悪影響を及ぼすことになる。こうしたことから、N含有量は0.010%以下とする必要がある。好ましくは0.0080%以下である。
Oは、Ti酸化物を形成するために必要な元素であり、十分なTi酸化物を形成させるためには、0.015%以上含有する必要がある。好ましくは0.020%以上(より好ましくは0.025%以上)である。しかしながら、O含有量があまり過剰になると粗大酸化物が増加し、脆性破壊の起点となることで低温靭性を低下させる。こうしたことから、O含有量は0.060%以下とする必要がある。好ましくは0.050%以下(より好ましくは0.045%以下)とするのが良い。
Cuは溶接金属の強度向上に有効な元素である。また、溶接金属の変態温度を下げ、微細再熱部を増加させることで、低温靭性および落重特性を向上させる。しかしながら、Cuの含有量が過剰になると、強度の過大な上昇を招き低温靭性および落重特性に悪影響を及ぼすので0.35%以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.30%以下(更に好ましくは0.25%以下)である。尚、Cuによる効果を有効に発揮させるための好ましい下限は、0.02%以上(より好ましくは0.05%以上)である。
Alは脱酸剤として有効な元素であるが、その含有量が0.030%を超えて過剰に含有されると、酸化物粗大化を招き、低温靭性に悪影響を及ぼすことになる。より好ましくは0.025%以下(更に好ましくは0.02%以下)である。尚、Alによる効果を有効に発揮させるための好ましい下限は、0.005%以上である。
NbおよびVは炭窒化物を形成し、溶接金属の強度を向上させるのに有効な元素である。しかしながら、これらの元素が過剰に含有されると、低温靭性および落重特性が劣化するので、Nbで0.030%以下(より好ましくは0.02%以下)、Vで0.10%以下(より好ましくは0.08%以下)とするのが良い。尚、これらの元素による効果を有効に発揮させるための好ましい下限は、Nbで0.008%以上(より好ましくは0.01%以上)、Vで0.010%以上(より好ましくは0.02%以上)とすることが好ましい。
塩基度=BC/AC
BC=CaF2+CaO+MgO+BaO+SrO+Na2O+K2O+LiO+(MnO+FeO)/2
AC=SiO2+(Al2O3+TiO2+ZrO2)/2
母材板厚:25mm
開先角度:10°(V字)
ルート間隔:20mm
溶接姿勢:下向き
ワイヤー径:4.0mmφ
溶接入熱量:550A-31V-35cpm(2.9kJ/mm)
予熱/パス間温度:160~220℃
積層方法:6層12パス
SR焼鈍後の溶接金属について、最終パス中央部よりレプリカTEM(透過型電子顕微鏡)観察用試験片を採取した。この試験片について7500倍のTEM像4視野を、無作為に撮影し、画像解析ソフト(「Image-Pro Plus」Media Cybernetic社製)を用いた画像解析により、円相当直径にして0.20μm以上の炭化物を選択してその面積分率を算出した。このとき、円相当直径が1.0μm以上の粒子については、EDS分析によって、炭化物と酸化物を区別した。
上記と同様に、レプリカTEM(透過型電子顕微鏡)により、円相当直径が1.0μm以上の炭化物についてEDS分析により炭化物を選定し、画像解析により個数密度を算出した。
SR処理後の溶接金属の中央部から、溶接線方向に引張試験片(JIS Z3111A2号試験片)を採取し[図1(a)]、JIS Z2241の要領で引張試験を行ない、引張強度(TS)を測定した。そして、引張強度TSが620MPaを超えるものを合格と評価した。
SR処理後の溶接金属の中央部から、溶接線方向にシャルピー衝撃試験片(JIS Z31114号試験片[Vノッチ試験片])を採取し[図1(b)]、JIS Z 2242に準拠して、-74℃でシャルピー衝撃試験を各3回ずつ行い、-74℃での吸収エネルギー(vE-74)の平均値を測定した。そして、吸収エネルギー(vE-74)が70Jを超えるものと低温靭性に優れると評価した。
ASTM E208(2006)に準拠し、溶接金属中央部から採取したP-3試験片を用い[図1(c)]、-160°F(-107℃)で落重試験を実施し、非破断のものを落重特性に優れる(評価:「○」)とした。
Claims (7)
- C:0.02~0.10%(「質量%」の意味。化学成分組成について以下同じ)、Si:0.5%以下(0%を含まない)、Mn:1.0~1.9%、Ni:2.7~8.0%、Cr:0.7%以下(0%を含まない)、Mo:0.05~0.8%、Ti:0.010~0.060%、N:0.010%以下(0%を含まない)およびO:0.015~0.060%を夫々含有すると共に、CrとMoの合計含有量が0.8%以下(0%を含まない)であり、残部が鉄および不可避的不純物からなり、且つ下記(1)式で規定されるA値が3.8%以上、9.0%以下、下記(2)式で規定されるX値が0.5以上を夫々満足すると共に、溶接金属中に存在する炭化物であって、円相当直径が0.20μm以上のものの面積分率が4.0%以下、円相当直径が1.0μm以上の炭化物個数が1000個/mm2以下であることを特徴とする低温靭性および落重特性に優れた溶接金属。
A値=0.8×[C]-0.05×[Si]+0.5×[Mn]+0.5×[Cu]+[Ni]-0.5×[Mo]+0.2×[Cr] …(1)
但し、[C],[Si],[Mn],[Cu],[Ni],[Mo]および[Cr]は、夫々溶接金属中のC,Si,Mn,Cu,Ni,MoおよびCrの含有量(質量%)を示す。
X値=[Ti]/([O]-1.1×[Al]+0.05×[Si])…(2)
但し、[Ti],[O],[Al]および[Si]は、夫々溶接金属中のTi,O,AlおよびSiの含有量(質量%)を示す。 - 下記(3)式で規定されるB値が0.35%以下である請求項1に記載の溶接金属。
B値=[C]×(2×[Mn]+3×[Cr]) …(3)
但し、[C],[Mn]および[Cr]は、夫々溶接金属中のC,MnおよびCrの含有量(質量%)を示す。 - Cの含有量[C]とMoの含有量[Mo]が、下記(4)式の関係を満足するものである請求項1または2に記載の溶接金属。
0.01+2.2×[C]<[Mo]<0.2+15×[C] …(4) - 更に、Cu:0.35%以下(0%を含まない)を含有するものである請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の溶接金属。
- 更に、Al:0.030%以下(0%を含まない)を含有するものである請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の溶接金属。
- 更に、Nb:0.030%以下(0%を含まない)および/またはV:0.10%以下(0%を含まない)を含有するものである請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の溶接金属。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項の溶接金属を含んで構成される溶接構造体。
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JP5314473B2 (ja) | 2009-03-26 | 2013-10-16 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 溶接まま及び応力除去焼鈍後の強度、靭性に優れた溶接金属並びにその溶接金属によって接合された溶接構造物 |
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2010
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2011
- 2011-04-08 KR KR1020127026259A patent/KR101457776B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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- 2011-04-08 EP EP11766021.7A patent/EP2557192A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-04-08 WO PCT/JP2011/058939 patent/WO2011126121A1/ja active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20120130015A (ko) | 2012-11-28 |
EP2557192A1 (en) | 2013-02-13 |
JP5457920B2 (ja) | 2014-04-02 |
JP2011219821A (ja) | 2011-11-04 |
CN102869802A (zh) | 2013-01-09 |
US20130028782A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
US8992698B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 |
KR101457776B1 (ko) | 2014-11-03 |
CN102869802B (zh) | 2014-10-01 |
EP2557192A4 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
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