WO2011099514A1 - 好熱性微生物を用いた混合物、溶解液、及び医薬品 - Google Patents
好熱性微生物を用いた混合物、溶解液、及び医薬品 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mixture containing a thermophilic microorganism capable of activating the mucosal immune system and controlling metabolism in animals including humans, a solution, and a pharmaceutical product.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a sterilizing component derived from bacterial cells that prevents diarrhea and the like for animals.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a blend containing a genus Lactobacillus which is a kind of lactic acid bacteria.
- Patent Document 3 discloses an antibacterial compound derived from Bacillus subtilis, which is a kind of Bacillus subtilis.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a group of microorganisms that are symbiotic compositions containing yeast, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium, and have colonization properties in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Patent Document 5 discloses an immunopotentiator containing Lactobacillus genus which is a kind of lactic acid bacteria. All of the probiotics disclosed in these patent documents use ordinary temperature microorganisms, and do not use thermophilic microorganisms.
- Non-patent document 1 reports that Bacillus subtilis enhances the expression of the CCL21 gene through symbiosis with the genus Bacteroides in the cecum of rabbits.
- Salmonella known as an animal-derived pathogen is Toll-like, a sensor of the mucosal immune system. It has been reported that the expression of chemokines CXCL13 and CCL21, which are migratory factors of immune system B cells, is suppressed through receptor4.
- the chemokine CXCL13 and the like are disclosed in Non-Patent Document 3 to play a role related to lymph node development in the living body, and Non-Patent Document 4 describes the formation of respiratory system immune functions. Related matters are disclosed.
- Non-Patent Document 5 discloses Segmented filamentous bacteria as bacteria that regulate the function of Peyer's patches, which are the regulatory sites of the immune system in the intestine.
- Non-Patent Document 6 special bacteria such as those described above are referred to as Germ. Attempts have also been made to introduce human flora by introducing it into free animals.
- Patent Documents 6 to 8 disclose those using thermophilic microorganisms. This technique using thermophilic microorganisms has many merits that should be noted, such as the ability to formulate various uses by recycling organic waste.
- thermophilic microorganisms has many merits that should be noted, such as the ability to formulate various uses by recycling organic waste.
- the promotion of manure-derived composting, odor reduction, etc. when a Bacillus genus having the ability to degrade chitin is administered to livestock animals has been disclosed, its action mechanism There is no detailed description about. That is, these patent documents do not disclose a direct effect on a living body when a thermophilic microorganism is administered to an animal, particularly an influence on an immune system or an endocrine system.
- the conventional techniques related to the regulation of the immune system are only those using normal temperature microorganisms.
- conventional techniques using thermophilic microorganisms are known as fertilizer, feed effect, and environment improvement effect.
- thermophilic microorganisms are not related to research results using laboratory animals, but lack knowledge about basic research for application to animals other than livestock animals, especially humans. .
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and based on research data using rats, which are experimental animals for which universal data have been accumulated, and mice, mucosal immune system genes, intestines,
- An object of the present invention is to provide a mixture, a lysate, and a medicine using a thermophilic microorganism that enables regulation of metabolism-related genes in the liver.
- the mixture or lysate according to the present invention is obtained by fermenting an organic substance containing a thermophilic microorganism at 50 ° C. or more and 90 ° C. or less, and is administered to an animal, whereby the mucosal immune system gene group of the animal, A mixture or lysate that regulates the expression of at least one of the metabolism-related gene group and the metabolism-related gene group in the liver, and as the thermophilic microorganism, the thermophilic Bacillus genus, Oceanobacillus genus, Paenibacillus genus, Anoxybacillus genus, Lysinibacillus spp. It is characterized by containing at least one kind of microorganism.
- thermophilic microorganism is “general microbiology” by H. G. Schlegel (Thieme). Verlag Stuttgart, Fifth Edition, 173.
- the thermostability standard optical growth temperature is 40 ° C. or higher described in the column “Highly Thermophilic Bacteria and Super Highly Thermophilic Bacteria”).
- thermophilic complex BP-1051 as a thermophilic microorganism.
- the mixture or lysate according to the present invention is characterized in that it contains BP-863, which is a related species of Bacillus thermoamylovorans as a thermophilic microorganism and has a resolution of persistent sugars.
- thermophilic inoculum PTA-1773 as a thermophilic microorganism.
- the medicinal product according to the present invention is characterized in that it contains any one of the above mixture or solution as an active ingredient.
- thermophilic microorganism as a thermophilic microorganism such as Bacillus, Oceanobacillus, Paenibacillus, Anoxybacillus, Lysinibacillus, Methanopyrus, Geogemma, Pyrolobus, Pyrodictium, Hyperthermus, Pyrococcus, By containing one or more microorganisms of the genus Pyrobaculum, Thermococcus, Aeropyrum, Aeroquix, Thermotoga, Thermodsulfobacterium, Thermos, Geobacillus, Thermomyces, Clostridium, by administering to animals including humans, the host It is expected to regulate the expression of at least one of mucosal immune system gene group, metabolism related gene group in intestine, and metabolism related gene group in liver. In addition, this mixture or solution is expected to regulate expression of mucosal immune system genes and the like by administration to animals including humans even in a ster
- the mixture or lysate of the present invention contains the thermophilic complex BP-1051 as a thermophilic microorganism, so that it is in aseptic conditions that no microbiota is present in the intestine, and in a normal environment where the microbiota is present in the intestine.
- administration to animals including humans regulates the expression of mucosal immune system genes by activating the innate immune system that responds early to bacterial and viral infections, and It is expected to regulate the expression of metabolism-related genes in the intestine and liver.
- the mixture or lysate of the present invention may contain any one of BP-863 and thermophilic inoculum PTA-1773 having thermolytic ability of a closely related species of Bacillus ran thermoamylovorans as a thermophilic microorganism. The same effect as described above can be exhibited.
- the BP-863 is assumed to activate the development of Peyer's patches of the intestinal tract and the production of IL-18 in vivo.
- Peyer's patches are responsible for the regulation of immunoglobulin production and IL-18 is known to induce the production of interferon gamma. Therefore, according to BP-863, it is possible to contribute to the activation of the innate immune system capable of responding to bacterial infection and virus infection at an early stage under either the aseptic condition or the normal condition.
- the pharmaceutical product of the present invention can exert the same effect as described above by containing any one of the above mixture or solution as an active ingredient.
- the pharmaceutical agent of the present invention can be administered orally or through the respiratory tract to animals including humans.
- the conceptual diagram regarding the working mechanism in the intestinal tract of the mixture or solution of the present invention The conceptual diagram which shows the influence which it has on the intestinal tract function of the Germ free mouse
- Culture photograph on petri dish of N-11 strain NITENBP-863
- Electron microscopic image of N-11 strain (NITE BP-863), a related species of Bacillus thermoamylovorans.
- the mixture or lysate of the present invention is obtained by high-temperature fermentation of an organic substance containing a thermophilic microorganism, and is administered to animals including humans so that the animal's mucosal immune system gene group, metabolism-related genes in the intestine A group that regulates the expression of at least one of the metabolic-related genes in the liver.
- thermophilic microorganism is a microorganism having an optimum growth temperature of 40 ° C. or higher as described above. Specific examples include thermophilic microorganisms such as Bacillus genus, Oceanobacillus genus, Paenibacillus genus, Anoxybacillus genus, and Lysinibacillus genus.
- thermophilic Methanopyrus genus Other, thermophilic Methanopyrus genus, Geogemma genus, Pyrolobus genus, Pyrodictium genus, Hyperthermus genus, Pyrococcus genus, Thermococcus genus, Aeropyrum genus, Aquifex genus, Thermotoga genus, Thermodsulfobacterium genus, Thermus genus, Geobacillces genus, Geobacillus genus Examples include microorganisms of the genus Clostridium.
- thermophilic inoculum PTA-1773 thermophilic complex BP-1051, Bacillus BP-863, a related species of thermoamylovorans (N-11), and a related species of Bacillus thermocloacae belonging to Firmicutes (gene) It is registered as no.AB298562 in the bank database. ), A related species of Bacillus thermoamylovorans (registered as no.AB298559 in the same database).
- thermophilic inoculum PTA-1773 is ATCC (American) dated May 1, 2000. Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Boulevard Manassas, Virginia 20110-2209 USA) (deposit number: PTA-1773).
- the thermophilic inoculum PTA-1773 contains a group of microorganisms with high chitin resolution and thermophilic lactic acid bacteria.
- thermophilic complex BP-1051 was founded on January 18, 2011 by the Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center (NPMD) of the National Institute for Product Evaluation Technology (Kazusa Kamashi 2, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture 292-0818, Japan) -5-8) is deposited internationally (Accession Number: NITE BP-1051).
- Bacillus BP-863 a closely related species of thermoamylovorans (N-11), was issued on January 15, 2010 by the National Institute for Product Evaluation Technology (NPMD) of the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NPMD) (Japan 292-0818, Chiba Prefecture) It has been deposited internationally in Kisarazu City, Kazusa Kamashichi 2-5-8) (Accession Number: NITE BP-863).
- the organic matter contains the thermophilic microorganism as described above and can be fermented at a high temperature.
- specific examples include marine products, agricultural products, organic waste such as residues thereof, wood chips, and the like containing the thermophilic microorganisms.
- the said agricultural product contains the raw material containing arabinose, xylitol, xylan, etc. which are hard-to-decompose sugar alcohols, such as a corn hull, a corn core (corn cob), soybean meal, a strawberry, a mushroom.
- the organic matter is fermented at a temperature of 50 ° C. or higher and 90 ° C. or lower to produce the mixture or solution of the present invention.
- the mixture or solution of the present invention can be prepared from a fermentation product obtained by the fermentation.
- the mixture of the present invention can be prepared by mixing the fermentation product as it is or in a feed or the like.
- the solution of the present invention can be prepared by diluting the fermentation product with water.
- the mixture or solution of the present invention can be prepared by an arbitrary method on condition that the thermophilic microorganism is not killed.
- the mixture or solution of the present invention prepared as described above is orally or airway administered to animals (including humans), so that the mucosal immune system gene group of the animal and metabolism-related gene group in the intestine
- the expression of at least one of the metabolism-related genes in the liver can be regulated.
- thermophilic microorganism contained in the mixture or solution of the present invention acts on the mucosal immune system and metabolic system when it coexists with the intestinal flora of the host.
- the mucosal immune system activates natural killer cells (NK cells) in the intestine and promotes the expression of chemokines and related genes to promote lymphoid tissue formation and B cell migration.
- NK cells natural killer cells
- chemokines and related genes to promote lymphoid tissue formation and B cell migration.
- the expression level of the gene group related to fat metabolism is adjusted to reduce neutral fat
- expression level of the gene group related to gas metabolism is adjusted to suppress methane gas production.
- thermophilic microorganism contained in the mixture or metabolic system of the present invention directly acts on the mucosal immune system.
- FIG. 2 in Germ free mice (sterile mice) administered with the mixture or solution of the present invention, Peyer's patch development, normalization of fecal metabolism, mild activation of the mucosal immune system Based on what is done. Therefore, the mixture or solution of the present invention can be said to be a probiotic that regulates intestinal metabolism in a form close to the nature even in a sterile environment. For example, application to postoperative treatment requiring fasting in the medical field is expected.
- the mixture or lysate of the present invention can be sterilized at about 60 ° C. immediately before use, and can be used in a form that prevents contamination with germs. It is also possible to increase the production of probiotics having new functions and prebiotics in large quantities by simpler culture techniques.
- the medicinal product of the present invention contains the mixture or solution of the present invention as an active ingredient, so that the mucosal immune system gene group of the administered animal, the metabolism-related gene group in the intestine, and the metabolism-related gene group in the liver , One that exerts an effect by regulating at least one expression.
- this pharmaceutical agent can be administered to animals (including humans) orally or via the respiratory tract.
- the pharmaceutical product of the present invention can be prepared by adding excipients, extenders, binders, wetting agents, disintegrants, surfactants, lubricants, dispersants, buffers, preservatives, solubilizers as necessary. It can be realized by appropriately selecting and mixing pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or additives such as flavoring agents, soothing agents, stabilizers, etc., and shall be liquids, capsules, tablets, granules, etc. Can do.
- examples of the excipient include sugars such as lactose and sucrose, and starches.
- examples of the disintegrant include cellulose derivatives and starches.
- examples of the binder include polymers such as gelatin and gum arabic.
- examples of the lubricant include waxes and stearic acid.
- Solution 1-A Preparation of Solution 1-A and 1-B
- Solution 1-A was prepared by Niisawa C, Oka S, Kodama H, Hirai M, Kumagai Y, Mori K, Matsumoto J, Miyamoto H, Miyamoto H (2008) Microbial analysis of composted product of marine animal resources and isolation of antagonistic bacteria to plant pathogen from the compost.J Gen A high-temperature fermentation product reported by Appl Microbiol 54: 149-158) was diluted 200 times by weight and produced by aeration at 60 to 70 ° C. for 6 hours or more.
- the lysis solution 1-B is prepared by co-culturing PTA-1773 with a thermophilic microorganism contained in the lysis solution 1-A.
- the lysate 1-A contains a variety of thermophilic microorganisms, and includes the thermophilic complex BP-1051 as a preferred species. Their base sequences (16S rDNA sequence) were analyzed. The analysis was performed by extracting DNA from a strain grown by inoculating the microorganism contained in the lysis solution 1-A into a standard medium, a normal agar medium, a heart infusion medium, or the like. In this analysis, a known method (Lane, DJ (1991) 16S / 23S rRNA sequencing. In Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics. Stackebrandt, E. and Goodfellow, M.
- PCR reaction was performed using 27F and 1525R as universal primers.
- the reaction solution is 25 ⁇ L.
- 2 ⁇ GoTaq Hot Start Colorless Master Mix (Promega Co., WI, USA) was mixed with 2 pmoles of primer, and the sample was dissolved in 50 ⁇ L of sterile water.
- PCR cycle is 94 ° C After 15 minutes, 35 cycles of 94 ° C. for 30 seconds, 55 ° C. for 30 seconds and 72 ° C. for 90 seconds were performed, and the reaction was carried out at 72 ° C. for 7 minutes.
- PCR fragment was QIAquick Purified with PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen GmbH, Germany) and BigDye Terminator Cycle Using Sequencing Kit, the base sequence is fully automated DNA analyzer system (Applied Biosystems Inc., CA, USA). Furthermore, a collation search was performed using a database of GenBank (http://ww.ucbi.ulm.nih.gov/). The base sequences of the microorganisms analyzed by this analysis are as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 8.
- the related species (IP-2) of Bacillus badius whose nucleotide sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 is Bacillus It has 97.3% homology with the badius standard strain (B NBRC15713 T ). Further, the characteristics of the related species (IP-2) of Bacillus badius include Gram positive, width 2 ⁇ m, length 2 ⁇ m, spore formation, no sugar resolution such as glucose and lactose, catalase, oxidase positive and the like. Bacillus Badius is known to have a gene involved in nitrogen metabolism.
- IP-3 of Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis whose nucleotide sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 is Anoxybacillus It has 99.5% homology with the standard strain of kamchatkensis (IAM11061 T ).
- Anoxybacillus The characteristics of related species (IP-3) of kamchatkensis are Gram positive, width 0.4 ⁇ m, length 3-4 ⁇ m, spore formation, starch, glucose resolution, catalase, oxidase positive, nitrate reduced to nitrite And so on.
- Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis is expected to have lipase activity and high lipid resolution.
- IP-9 The related species (IP-9) of Virgibacillus pantothenticus whose base sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 is Virgibacillus It has 99.5% homology with the pantothenticus standard strain (DSM14988 T ).
- Virgibacillus Pantothenticus related species (IP-9) are characterized by Gram negative, width 0.5 ⁇ m, length 5-6 ⁇ m, large spore formation, starch, glucose, tagatose resolution, catalase, oxidase positive, nitrate sub And reducing to nitric acid.
- Virgibacillus Pantothenticus has ectoine which is a component having salt resistance, and this ectoine is also known as a moisturizing component.
- the related species (IP-14) of Bacillus fortis whose nucleotide sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 is Bacillus It has 99.7% homology with the standard strain of fortis (LMG22079 T ).
- the related species of Bacillus fortis (IP-14) are as follows: Gram-positive, width 0.5 ⁇ m, length 1 ⁇ m, spore formation, starch, no glucose resolution, trehalose resolution, catalase, oxidase positive, For example, nitrate should not be reduced to nitrous acid.
- IP-23 The closely related species (IP-23) of Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus whose nucleotide sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 is Lysinibacillus It has 95.0% homology with the standard strain of xylanilyticus (YC6957 T ). Also, Lysinibacillus
- the characteristics of the related species of xylanilyticus (IP-23) are as follows: Gram-positive, width 0.5 ⁇ m, length 3-5 ⁇ m, spore formation, no sugar resolution, peptone resolution, catalase, oxidase positive, nitrate to nitrite For example, it may not be reduced.
- Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus is known to have the degradation characteristics of persistent xylan, but as mentioned above, the closely related species of Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (IP-23) has no sugar resolution and has the ability to use peptone. Only high and considered a new species.
- Paenibacillus timonensis closely related species (IP-60) whose base sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 is Paenibacillus It has 96.9% homology with the standard strain of timonensis (CIP108005 T ).
- Paenibacillus The characteristics of the closely related species of timonensis (IP-60) are Gram-positive, width 0.5 ⁇ m, length 3-5 ⁇ m, spore formation, starch, xylitol, xylan resolution, catalase, oxidase negative, nitrate to nitrite Reduction and the like.
- Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus related species having the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 is Paenibacillus It has 94.6% homology with the curdlanolyticus standard strain (IFO15724 T ).
- Paenibacillus The characteristics of closely related species of curdlanolyticus (IP-75) are Gram positive, width 0.5 ⁇ m, length 3-5 ⁇ m, spore formation, lactose resolution, catalase, oxidase negative, not reducing nitrate to nitrite, etc. Is mentioned.
- Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus is known to have the decomposition characteristics of persistent xylan.
- the closely related species of Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus has the same high resolution as BP-863, and is assumed to be a new bacterial species.
- IP-95 Bacillus ruris whose base sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 8 is Bacillus. It has 99.9% homology with the standard strain of ruris (LMG22866 T ).
- Bacillus ruris related species (IP-95) are characterized by Gram-positive, width 1 ⁇ m, length 2 ⁇ m, spore formation, starch, glucose, trehalose resolution, catalase, oxidase positive, nitrate reduced to nitrite And so on.
- lysate 2 contains marine residues in a three-stage aerated fermenter installed at Sankoku Co., Ltd., due to the microorganism group contained in the lysate 1-B.
- the organic matter was fermented at 70 ° C. or higher and 90 ° C. or lower, and the final fermented product was diluted 100 times with water and dissolved under aerated conditions at 60 ° C. or lower for 10 hours or longer.
- the related species (N-11) of Bacillus thermoamylovorans having the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9 is the BP-863, and Bacillus It has 99.9% homology with the standard strain of thermoamylovorans (LMG18084 T ).
- This Bacillus The biochemical properties of the related species of thermoamylovorans (N-11) are as shown in Table 1, and the culture photographs of the related species of Bacillus thermoamylovorans (N-11) are as shown in FIGS. is there.
- thermoamylovorans As shown in Table 1, the related species (N-11) of Bacillus thermoamylovorans is Bacillus. Compared with the standard strain of thermoamylovorans (LMG18084 T ), it has high resolution with respect to arabinose, xylitol and the like, which are persistent sugar alcohols. Therefore, Bacillus The related species (N-11) of thermoamylovorans, when used for fermented feeds, etc., include corn hulls, wheat straw, soybean meal, mushrooms, vegetable meal, etc., which contain persistent sugar alcohol, etc., which have been low in feed value. Effective resolution is expected for. Bacillus The relative species of thermoamylovorans (N-11) has been confirmed to be capable of degrading xylan, a persistent polysaccharide. Bacillus As shown in the electron micrograph of FIG. 4, the closely related species of thermoamylovorans (N-11) coexist with those that form spores and bacilli under normal medium conditions.
- the related species (N-16) of Bacillus coagulans whose base sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 10 has 99.9% homology with a standard strain of Bacillus coagulans (ATCC7050 T ).
- This Bacillus Characteristics of closely related coagulans (N-16) are gram positive, width 0.7 ⁇ m, length 3-5 ⁇ m, spore formation, no starch resolution, glucose, trehalose, tagatose resolution, catalase positive, oxidase negative And not reducing nitrate to nitrous acid.
- thermoamylovorans N-11
- BP-863 thermoamylovorans
- the lysate 4 was prepared as a lysate containing only the related species (N-16) of Bacillus coagulans (isolated bacteria contained in BP-1051).
- the solution 5 is Bacillus. It was prepared as a lysate containing only thermoamylovorans standard bacteria (LMG18084 T ).
- Wistar rats were preliminarily raised for 5 days in the groups (1-A) to (1-C) and used for the experiment. In addition, there were 5 Wistar rats in each group, and each one was raised with an individual gauge (manufactured by Natsume Seisakusho).
- the feed was a radiation sterilized feed (product name MF manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.), and was allowed to eat freely within a daily intake limit of 25 g per Wistar rat.
- drinking water includes tap water for group (1-A), tap water with 1.0% addition of solution 1-A for group (1-B), and solution 1-A for group (1-C). A tap water supplemented with 1.0% of what was sterilized with a 0.02 ⁇ m filter was used freely.
- the Wistar rats of groups (1-A) to (1-C) were bred for 3 months, and their intestinal tract, liver, spleen, blood, etc. were collected and quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then -80 Stored in a refrigerator at 0C.
- RNA extraction was performed at a site where the Peyer's patch was removed from the collected small intestine.
- Isogen manufactured by Nippon Gene
- RNAeasy A mini kit manufactured by Quiagen was used.
- the expression level of each gene group is determined by calculating the spot fluorescence value with an array scanner (manufactured by Agilent) after hybridization and washing of the extracted RNA to a microarray (manufactured by Agilent) mounting all the mouse genes. It was quantified by correcting. The results are as shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- Table 2 shows the top six gene groups that show 2.0 times or more expression level in the (1-B) group compared to the (1-A) group.
- immunoglobulin related gene chemokine (CC motif) ligand, chemokine (CC motif) receptor, granzyme B / natural killer cell protease precursor is a mucosal immune system gene group
- vitamin D-binding protein precursor is a group of metabolism-related genes.
- tumor necrosis is a mucosal immune system gene group.
- the factor receptor was also about 1.8 times higher in the (1-B) group than in the (1-A) group.
- the immunoglobulin related gene is an anti-idiotype.
- immunoglobulin M light chain, immunoglobulin gamma2a constant region, NGF-binding Ig light chain, Ig gamma-1, chain C region, gamma-2a immunoglobulin heavy chain, immunoglobulin kappa chain variable region was confirmed.
- Table 3 shows the top five gene groups showing expression levels of one-half or less in the (1-B) group compared to the (1-A) group.
- HBV pX associated protein controls viral infection
- carbonic anhydrase controls gas metabolism
- apolipoprotein AV is involved in fat metabolism
- endothelin is involved in blood pressure regulation
- heat shock protein 4 is involved in gene expression, protein function regulation and intracellular signals.
- the (1-C) group showed less variation in the expression level of the gene group relative to the (1-A) group.
- Germ free mice (obtained from the University of Tokyo graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Veterinary Public Health Laboratory and requested to be bred to the laboratory) are 5 mice in both groups (2-A) and (1-B). Each group was reared with the same isolator (manufactured by ICM). Moreover, the feed was fed freely using a feed sterilized by radiation (product name CMF manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.). For drinking water, 0.5% of Solution 1-B was added to water sterilized by ultraviolet light and autoclave for group (2-A), and water sterilized by ultraviolet light and autoclave for group (2-B). We used food and were allowed to eat freely.
- mice in groups (2-A) and (2-B) were bred for 3 weeks, and then their intestinal tract, liver, spleen, blood, etc. were collected, quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then -80 Stored in a refrigerator at 0C. Then, the variation in the expression level of the gene group between the groups was analyzed by applying the same method as in Example (3-1).
- Table 5 shows the main five gene groups that are significantly highly expressed in the liver of the (1-B) group compared to the (1-A) group.
- immunoglobulin related genes belong to the mucosal immune system, and alcohol dehydrogenase 6 (class V) is related to metabolism.
- olfactory receptor 1148 predicted
- UDP Glycosyltransferase 2 family polypeptide B and TRAF2 binding protein are involved in other physiological reactions.
- glucokinase which is a group of metabolism-related genes, was also highly expressed.
- the immunoglobulin related gene includes Ig kappa chain, Ig germline kappa-chain C-region gene, 3 'end, anti-NG F30 antibody light chain mRNA, variable and constant Examples include regions and immunoglobulin alpha heavy chain.
- Table 6 shows the main eight genes that are significantly lower expressed in the liver of the (1-B) group than the (1-A) group.
- hydroxysteroid (17-bata) dehydrogenase 2 affects the increase and decrease of testosterone
- stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase affects the whole fat metabolism such as reduction of triglycerides.
- apelin increases during chronic liver disease and obesity.
- Table 7 shows the five major gene groups that are significantly highly expressed in the liver of the (2-B) group compared to the (2-A) group.
- Table 8 shows the five major gene groups that are significantly lower expressed in the liver of the (2-B) group than the (2-A) group.
- Wistar rats were preliminarily raised for 5 days in groups (3-A) to (3-D) and used for the experiment. In addition, there were 5 Wistar rats in each group, and each one was raised with an individual gauge (manufactured by Natsume Seisakusho).
- the (3-A) and (3-B) groups are radiation-sterilized feed (trade name MF manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.), and the (3-C) and (3-D) groups are radiation. Restricted intake of 25g per day for each Wistar rat, prepared by adding 20% lard to sterilized feed (trade name MF, manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) Freely fed within.
- the tap water is added to the (3-A) and (3-C) groups, and the tap water containing 1.0% solution 1-B is added to the (3-B) and (3-D) groups. Were allowed to eat freely.
- the Wistar rats in the groups (3-A) to (3-D) were reared for 3 months, and their blood was collected and their body weights were measured.
- the statistical processing of body weight is performed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), and the result is as shown in Table 9. In addition, it shows that there is no significant difference from NS in the table.
- Balb / c mice are each divided into 4 or 6 mice, each of which has 4 gauges (manufactured by Natsume Seisakusho), and in the case of 6 animals, it is divided into 2 gauges (manufactured by Natsume Seisakusho). did.
- the (4-A) and (4-B) groups are radiation-sterilized feed (trade name MF manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co.), and the (4-C) and (4-D) groups are radiation.
- the sterilized feeds (trade name MF manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) was used, and the feeds (prepared by KTV Oriental Co., Ltd.) added so as to contain 20% lard were freely fed.
- CT scan images of the trunk of Balb / c mice in groups (4-C) and (4-D) are as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, respectively.
- fat is a portion near the outer periphery in FIGS. 5 and 6 and a dark gray portion at the upper center in FIG. From this, the (4-D) group Balb /
- the c mice have less body fat compared to the (4-C) group Balb / c mice, although the body weight tends to increase, the body fat percentage is actually about 20%. It was low.
- Balb A similar trend is shown in the thighs of / c mice. This tendency suggests that the accumulation of body fat is low and the muscles are easily attached.
- Wistar rats were preliminarily raised for 5 days in both groups (5-A) and (5-B). In addition, there were 5 Wistar rats in each group, and each one was raised with an individual gauge (manufactured by Natsume Seisakusho).
- a radiation-sterilized feed product name MF manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.
- one Wistar rat was allowed to eat freely within a food intake limit of 25 g per day.
- tap water was added to the (5-A) group, and tap water to which the solution 1-B was added to the (5-B) group was freely ingested.
- the Wistar rats in groups (5-A) and (5-B) were bred for 3 months. And lostridium in their shit Changes in clusters IV and Clostridium subcluster XIVa are expressed in T-RFLP (Terminal Restriction Frament Length Polymorphism Analysis). The results are as shown in Table 10.
- anti-IgM antibodies are known to contribute to the activity of naive B cells instead of antigens (Mora et al. Generation of Gut-Homing Ig A- secreting B cells by intestinal dendritic cells. Science 2006; 314: 1157-1160).
- production of anti-NGF antibody is presumed.
- Anti-NGF antibodies are known to reduce abnormal increases in paracellular permeability in the gut (Barreau, et al. Pathways involved in gut mucosal barrier dysfunction induced in adult rats by maternal deprivation: corticotrophin-releasing factor and nerve growth factor interplay. J Physiol. 2007; 580 (1): 347-356).
- Vitamin D binding protein-Macrophage activating factor (DBP-maf) inhibits Angiogenesis and tumor growth in mice. Neoplasia 2003; 5 (1): 32-40).
- HBV pX Although the expression level of associated protein is decreased, this HBV pX associated protein (HBV pX gene) is known to promote p53-induced cell death.
- anhydrase is a metabolic regulation system and is known to regulate the amount of carbonate ions.
- Carbonic acid in feces is a source of methane gas generated from the intestinal flora, so carbonic It is expected that the production of methane gas is reduced in the intestine due to the decrease in the expression level of anhydrase. This is consistent with the fact that when a high-temperature fermented feed (a feed containing a fermented product containing microorganisms similar to the solution 1-A) is administered in a separate experiment, the malodour during fermentation of feces is reduced. .
- livestock manure tends to be anaerobic fermentation during composting, and can produce methyl mercaptan from methane gas and hydrogen sulfide in the manure. Therefore, if there is less methane in the feces in advance, the amount of methyl mercaptan produced will be reduced. Since methane gas has a warming coefficient 20 times that of carbon dioxide, it is significant if it can be adjusted from the intestines.
- AV apolipoprotein AV
- AV contributes to a decrease in triglyceride value by decreasing the expression level.
- analysis of the liver and the like collected in this Example (3-1) revealed that the triglycerides in the serum tend to decrease, and that the deposition of triglycerides in the liver is reduced by immunohistochemical staining.
- the expression level of the gene group is different from the (1-B) group on the basis of the fact that the expression level of the gene group does not vary with respect to the (1-A) group. It is suggested that the presence of thermophilic microorganisms is important in order to exert the regulatory effect.
- the expression level of alcohol dehydrogenase 6 (class V) is increased by the microorganism group contained in the lysate 1-A.
- Dehydrogenase 6 (class V) is expected to be related to fat metabolism.
- mesothelin is decreased, this mesothelin is a carcinogenesis-related gene group, and it is presumed that a decrease in the expression level is preferable.
- Example (3-7) show that the microorganisms contained in the lysis solution 1-B are clostridium clusters IV and This indicates that XIVa (Clostridium leptum and coccoides groups) is increased. This revealed that the microorganisms contained in the lysate 1-B induce changes in the intestinal bacterial flora of the administered animals.
- the increase in clostridim stimulates Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and the like.
- TLR5 Toll-like receptor 5
- the TLR5 which is a receptor for the immune system of the intestinal tract, is a receptor such as clostridial having flagella, and is considered to regulate not only the innate immune system but also the metabolic syndrome.
- mice lacking the TLR5 gene became metabolic syndrome, and the enteric bacterial flora derived from these mice It has been reported that Germ free mice also became metabolic syndrome when administered orally to free mice (Matam Vijay-Kumar, et al. Metabolic Syndrome and Altered Gut Microbiota in Mice Lacking Toll-Like Receptor 5. Science 2010; 328: 228 -231). This fact means that when the stimulation of clostridial is not given via TLR5, it becomes a metabolic syndrome, and the existence significance of clostridial which is a native bacterium in the intestine is questioned.
- the clostridial induces the regulation of the immune system of the intestinal tract, particularly the expression of CD4 positive regulatory T cells (Treg cells) that express transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), thereby causing inflammatory bowel disease and allergic reactions. It has been reported that it is difficult to wake up (Koji Atarashi, et al. Induction of Colonic Regulatory T Cells by Extra Clostridium Species. Academic journal Science Electronic Edition (published on H22.12.24), Science 2011; 311: 337-341). There are also reports that these cells are depleted in human ulcerative colitis patients.
- the regulatory T cells are a kind of T cells that control the immune system overreaction, and are considered to play an important role in the regulation of autoimmune diseases.
- Balb / c mice obtained from the University of Tokyo graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Veterinary Public Health Laboratory
- 5 groups in both groups the same isolator in each group Breeding (made by ICM).
- the feed was fed freely using a feed sterilized by radiation (product name CMF manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.).
- Drinking water is water sterilized by ultraviolet light and autoclave for the control group, and water 1 sterilized by ultraviolet light and autoclave for the drinking water addition group of the solution 1-B, with 0.5% solution 1-B added. was used freely.
- Germ free mice obtained from the University of Tokyo graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Veterinary Public Health Laboratory
- 5 groups in both groups the same isolator (IC ⁇ Med).
- the feed was fed freely using a feed sterilized by radiation (product name CMF manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.).
- Drinking water is water sterilized by ultraviolet light and autoclave for the control group, and water 1 sterilized by ultraviolet light and autoclave for the drinking water addition group of the solution 1-B, with 0.5% solution 1-B added. was used freely.
- Balb / c mice are each divided into 4 or 6 mice, and if 4 mice, 1 gauge (manufactured by Natsume Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) is used, and if 6 mice, they are divided into 2 gauges (manufactured by Natsume Seisakusho Co., Ltd.). did.
- the feed was fed freely using a feed sterilized by radiation (trade name MF manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.).
- Drinking water was tap water for group (6-A), tap water to which 1.0% of solution 2 was added for group (6-B), and 1.0% of solution 3 for group (6-C).
- Use tap water added tap water with 1.0% solution 4 added for group (6-D), and tap water with 1.0% solution 5 added for group (6-E). I let you.
- the Balb / c mice in groups (6-A) to (6-E) above should be bred for 3 months, and then the concentration of secretory IgA in the intestine and spleen and the concentration of secretory IgA in feces should be measured.
- the small intestine data is shown in FIG.
- the groups (6-B), (6-C), and (6-D) to which the lysis solutions 2, 3, and 4 were respectively administered were significantly different from the control group (6-A).
- the concentration of secretory IgA increased.
- the amount of increase in the concentration of secretory IgA in the (6-E) group to which the dissolution solution 5 was administered to the (6-A) group was the (6-B), (6-C), (6-D) group It was found to be small compared to. Such a tendency was also confirmed in the spleen.
- thermoamylovorans which is a microorganism contained in the lysis solution 2
- thermoamylovorans N-11
- Bacillus coagulans N-16
- LMG18084 T standard bacterium of thermoamylovorans
- thermoamylovorans N-11
- the feed efficiency was improved, and at the same time, the body weight was equal to or higher than that of a high-fat diet-fed mouse, which was 10% higher than the number of calories bred. is doing.
- This is Bacillus It is assumed that a close relative of thermoamylovorans (N-11) is generated by degrading persistent sugars in feed and increasing utilization efficiency.
- the mixture, lysate, and pharmaceutical of the present invention can be administered to animals as a mixture, lysate, and pharmaceutical that can regulate mucosal immune system genes and metabolism-related genes in the intestine and liver. Can be used.
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Abstract
Description
receptor4を介して免疫系のB細胞の遊走因子であるケモカインCXCL13とCCL21との発現を抑制することが報告されている。尚、前記ケモカインCXCL13等は、非特許文献3にて生体においてリンパ節の発達に関連する役割を担っていることが開示されており、非特許文献4にて呼吸器系の免疫機能の形成に関連することが開示されている。
free animal(無菌動物)に導入し、ヒトのフローラを入れる試みも実施されている。
Verlag Stuttgart, 第5版, 173 高度好熱菌及び超高度好熱菌の欄)に記載の耐熱性の基準(最適増殖温度が40℃以上)と合致するものである。
thermoamylovoransの近縁種(N-11)であるBP-863、細菌門としてFirmicutesに属するBacillus thermocloacaeの近縁種(gene
bank データベースにおいてno.AB298562として登録されている。)、Bacillus thermoamylovoransの近縁種(同データベースにおいてno.AB298559として登録されている。)が挙げられる。
Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Boulevard Manassas, Virginia
20110-2209 U.S.A.)に国際寄託されている(受託番号:PTA-1773)。好熱性種菌PTA-1773は、キチン質分解能の高い微生物群、並びに好熱性の乳酸菌を含んでおり、具体的にはActinomycetales
bacterium属、Alicyclobacillus属、Amphibacillus属、Anoxybacillus属、Atopostipes属、Brachybacterium属、Brevibacterium属、Cerasibacillus属、Clostridium属、Corynebacterium属、Curtobacterium属、Georgenia属、Gracilibacillus属、Jeotgalicoccus属、Salinibacillus属、Tissierella属、Ureibacillus属、Vagococcus属、Virgibacillus属、Weissella属等の微生物を含んでいる。又、好熱性複合菌BP-1051は、2011年1月18日付けで独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構の特許微生物寄託センター(NPMD)(日本国 〒292-0818 千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足2-5-8)に、国際寄託されている(受託番号:NITE BP-1051)。又、Bacillus
thermoamylovoransの近縁種(N-11)であるBP-863は、2010年1月15日付けで独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構の特許微生物寄託センター(NPMD)(日本国 〒292-0818 千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足2-5-8)に国際寄託されている(受託番号:NITE BP-863)。
溶解液1-Aは、新澤ら(Niisawa C, Oka S, Kodama H,
Hirai M, Kumagai Y, Mori K, Matsumoto J, Miyamoto H, Miyamoto H (2008)
Microbial analysis of composted product of marine animal resources and
isolation of antagonistic bacteria to plant pathogen from the compost. J Gen
Appl Microbiol 54: 149-158)が報告した高温発酵産物を重量比で200倍希釈し、60乃至70℃で6時間以上、散気処理して作製した。又、溶解液1-Bは、溶解液1-Aに含まれる好熱性微生物と、PTA-1773を共培養することにより作製されたものである。
前記溶解液1-Aは、多種の好熱性微生物を含有しており、優先菌種として好熱性複合菌BP-1051が含まれており、それらの塩基配列(16SrDNA配列)を解析した。該解析は、溶解液1-Aに含まれている微生物を標準培地、普通寒天培地、ハートインフュージョン培地等に植菌して増殖した菌株からDNAを抽出して行った。又、この解析では、既知の方法(Lane, D.J. (1991)
16S/23S rRNA sequencing. In Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics.
Stackebrandt, E. and Goodfellow, M. eds., John Wiley & Sons Ltd.,
Chichester, England, pp. 115-175)を適用して、ユニバーサルプライマーとして27F and 1525Rを用いてPCR反応を実施した。反応溶液は、25μL
2×GoTaq Hot Start Colorless Master Mix (Promega Co., WI, USA)と 2pmoleのプライマーを混合し、サンプルを50μLの滅菌水で溶解して作成した。PCRサイクルは、94℃
で15 分の後、94℃を30 秒、55℃を30秒、72℃を90秒のサイクルを35サイクル実施し、72℃で7分間、反応させた。更に、1.5-kbp長のPCR 断片をQIAquick
PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen GmbH, Germany)で精製し、 BigDye Terminator Cycle
Sequencing Kitを用いて、塩基配列が全自動DNA analyser system (Applied Biosystems Inc., CA,
USA)により決定された。更に、GenBank(http://ww.ucbi.ulm.nih.gov/)のデータベース等により照合検索を行った。この解析により解析された各微生物の塩基配列は、配列番号1~8に示すとおりである。
badiusの標準菌株(B NBRC15713T)と97.3%の相同性を有するものである。又、Bacillus badiusの近縁種(IP-2)の特徴としては、グラム陽性、幅2μm、長さ2μm、芽胞形成、グルコース、ラクトース等の糖分解能無、カタラーゼ、オキシダーゼ陽性等が挙げられる。尚、Bacillus
badiusは、窒素代謝にかかわる遺伝子を有していることが知られている。
kamchatkensis の標準菌株(IAM11061T)と99.5%の相同性を有するものである。又、Anoxybacillus
kamchatkensisの近縁種(IP-3)の特徴としては、グラム陽性、幅0.4μm、長さ3~4μm、芽胞形成、スターチ、グルコースの分解能有、カタラーゼ、オキシダーゼ陽性、硝酸塩を亜硝酸に還元すること等が挙げられる。尚、Anoxybacillus
kamchatkensisは、リパーゼ活性があり、脂質の分解能が高いことが想定されるものである。
pantothenticusの標準菌株(DSM14988T)と99.5%の相同性を有するものである。又、Virgibacillus
pantothenticusの近縁種(IP-9)の特徴としては、グラム陰性、幅0.5μm、長さ5~6μm、大きな芽胞形成、スターチ、グルコース、タガトースの分解能有、カタラーゼ、オキシダーゼ陽性、硝酸塩を亜硝酸に還元すること等が挙げられる。尚、Virgibacillus
pantothenticusは、塩分抵抗性をもつ成分であるectoineを有しており、このectoineは保湿成分としても知られている。
fortisの標準菌株(LMG22079T)と99.7%の相同性を有するものである。又、Bacillus fortisの近縁種(IP-14)の特徴としては、グラム陽性、幅0.5μm、長さ1μm、芽胞形成、スターチ、グルコースの分解能無、トレハロースの分解能有、カタラーゼ、オキシダーゼ陽性、硝酸塩を亜硝酸に還元しないこと等が挙げられる。
xylanilyticusの標準菌株(YC6957T)と95.0%の相同性を有するものである。又、Lysinibacillus
xylanilyticusの近縁種(IP-23)の特徴としては、グラム陽性、幅0.5μm、長さ3~5μm、芽胞形成、糖分解能無、ペプトン分解能有、カタラーゼ、オキシダーゼ陽性、硝酸塩を亜硝酸に還元しないこと等が挙げられる。尚、Lysinibacillus
xylanilyticusは、難分解性のキシランの分解特性を有することが知られているが、Lysinibacillus xylanilyticusの近縁種(IP-23)は、前述のように、糖分解能が皆無であり、ペプトンの利用能のみが高く、新菌種と考えられる。
timonensisの標準菌株(CIP108005T)と96.9%の相同性を有するものである。又、Paenibacillus
timonensisの近縁種(IP-60)の特徴としては、グラム陽性、幅0.5μm、長さ3~5μm、芽胞形成、スターチ、キシリトール、キシラン分解能有、カタラーゼ、オキシダーゼ陰性、硝酸塩を亜硝酸に還元すること等が挙げられる。尚、Paenibacillus
timonensisは、キシランの分解能が知られていないが、Paenibacillus timonensisの近縁種(IP-60)は、上記のように、高いキシラン分解能を有しており、新菌種と想定される。又、難分解性の糖アルコールの分解能も、BP-863と同程度高い。
curdlanolyticusの標準菌株(IFO15724T)と94.6%の相同性を有するものである。又、Paenibacillus
curdlanolyticusの近縁種(IP-75)の特徴としては、グラム陽性、幅0.5μm、長さ3~5μm、芽胞形成、ラクトース分解能有、カタラーゼ、オキシダーゼ陰性、硝酸塩を亜硝酸に還元しないこと等が挙げられる。尚、Paenibacillus
curdlanolyticusは、難分解性のキシランの分解特性があることが知られている。又、Paenibacillus curdlanolyticusの近縁種(IP-75)は、難分解性の糖アルコールの分解能もBP-863と同程度高く、新菌種と想定される。
rurisの標準菌株(LMG22866T)と99.9%の相同性を有するものである。又、Bacillus rurisの近縁種(IP-95)の特徴としては、グラム陽性、幅1μm、長さ2μm、芽胞形成、スターチ、グルコース、トレハロース分解能有、カタラーゼ、オキシダーゼ陽性、硝酸塩を亜硝酸に還元すること等が挙げられる。
溶解液2は、株式会社三六九に設置された3段式の通気性発酵槽において、溶解液1-Bに含まれる微生物群によって、海産残渣を含む有機物を70℃以上90℃以下で発酵し、その最終発酵物を水で100倍に希釈し、60℃以下で10時間以上の間、ばっ気条件下で溶解させることにより作製した。
溶解液2を、無菌飼育したBalb / cマウス(雄、10週齢)に0.5%の濃度で3週間投与し、その盲腸便から分離した微生物の塩基配列(16SrDNA配列)を解析した。尚、飼育にあたり、前記Balb
/ cマウスは、室温24±1℃、湿度55±5%で調節された飼育室においてアイソレーター(アイ・シー・エム社製)で飼育し、飼料は放射線滅菌済みの飼料(オリエンタル酵母社製 製品名CMF)を用いた。又、塩基配列の解析は、実施例1の(1-2)で述べた方法と同様の方法により行った。この解析により解析された溶解液2に含まれる各微生物の塩基配列は、配列番号9、10に示すとおりである。
thermoamylovoransの標準菌株(LMG18084T)と99.9%の相同性を有するものである。このBacillus
thermoamylovoransの近縁種(N-11)の生化学的性状は表1に示すとおりであり、又、Bacillus thermoamylovoransの近縁種(N-11)の培養写真は図3、図4に示すとおりである。
thermoamylovoransの近縁種(N-11)の生化学的性状を示している。又、Bacillus thermoamylovoransの標準菌株(LMG18084T)の生化学的性状は、Combet-Blanc,
Y., Ollivier, B., Streicher, C., Patel, B.K.C., Dwivedi, P.P., Pot, B.,
Prensier, G., Garcia, J.L.(1995) Bacillus thermoamylovorans sp. nov., a
moderately thermophilic and amylolytic bacterium. Int. J.Syst. Bacteriol. 45:
9-16、及びCoorevits, A., Logan, N., Dinsdale, A., Halket, G., Scheldeman, P.,
Heyndrickx, M., Schumann, P., VanLandschoot, A., De Vos, P. (2010) Bacillus
thermolactis sp. nov., isolated from dairy farms, and emended description of
Bacillus thermoamylovorans. Int. J. Syst. Microbiol. 56: 781-786に記載された内容に基づくものである。
thermoamylovoransの標準菌株(LMG18084T)と比較して、難分解性の糖アルコールであるアラビノース、キシリトール等について高い分解能を有する。そのため、Bacillus
thermoamylovoransの近縁種(N-11)は、発酵飼料等に利用する際に、従来飼料価値の低かった難分解性の糖アルコール等を含むトウモロコシ外皮や小麦粕、大豆粕、キノコ、野菜粕等について効果的な分解能が期待される。又、Bacillus
thermoamylovoransの近縁種(N-11)は、難分解性の多糖類であるキシランの分解能も確認されている。又、Bacillus
thermoamylovoransの近縁種(N-11)は、図4の電子顕微鏡写真に示すように、通常の培地条件では、芽胞を形成しているものと桿菌が共存している。
coagulansの近縁種(N-16)の特徴としては、グラム陽性、幅0.7μm、長さ3~5μm、芽胞形成、スターチ分解能無、グルコース、トレハロース、タガトースの分解能有、カタラーゼ陽性、オキシダーゼ陰性、硝酸塩を亜硝酸に還元しないこと等が挙げられる。
溶解液3は、Bacillus
thermoamylovoransの近縁種(N-11)(BP-863)のみを含む溶解液として作製した。又、溶解液4は、Bacillus coagulansの近縁種(N-16)(BP-1051に含有する単離菌)のみを含む溶解液として作製した。又、溶解液5は、Bacillus
thermoamylovoransの標準菌(LMG18084T)のみを含む溶解液として作製した。
Wistarラット(雄、3週齢)(九動社より入手)に溶解液1-Aを投与して、該溶解液1-Aの遺伝子群発現調節効果を検証する実験を行った。尚、本実験は、下記3群を準備して、比較することにより行った。
(1-A)群 通常飼育群(対照群)
(1-B)群 溶解液1-Aの飲水添加群
(1-C)群 溶解液1-A(但し、0.02μmフィルター滅菌処理済)の飲水添加群
mini kit(Quiagen社製)を用いて行った。そして、各遺伝子群の発現量は、前記抽出したRNAをマウスの全遺伝子を搭載するマイクロアレイ(アジレント社製)にハイブリダイゼーション及び洗浄後、アレイスキャナー(アジレント社製)により各スポット蛍光値の算出及び補正を行うことで数値化した。その結果は、表2、3に示すとおりである。
(C-C motif) receptor、granzyme B / natural killer cell protease precursorは粘膜免疫系遺伝子群であり、vitamin
D-binding protein precursorは代謝関連遺伝子群である。又、表中にはないが、粘膜免疫系遺伝子群であるtumor necrosis
factor receptorも、(1-A)群に対し(1-B)群において1.8倍程度の発現量であった。
immunoglobulin M light chain、immunoglobulin gamma2a constant region、NGF-binding
Ig light chain、Ig gamma-1、chain C region、gamma-2a immunoglobulin heavy chain、immunoglobulin
kappa chain variable regionが確認された。又、前記chemokine (C-C motif) ligandとしては、Small
inducible cytokine B13 precursor (CXCL13) (B lymphocyte chemoattractant)が顕著に発現していた。Real
time PCRによる定量化を行ったところ、(1-A)群に対し(1-B)群において、3.6倍(n=3)の増加傾向が認められた。
A-Vは脂肪代謝に、endothelinは血圧調節に、heat shock protein 4は遺伝子発現、タンパク機能調節及び細胞内シグナル等に、夫々関与する。
Germ free マウスに溶解液1-Bを投与して、該溶解液1-Bの遺伝子群発現量調節効果を検証する実験を行った。尚、本実験は、下記2群を準備して、比較することにより行った。
(2-A)群 通常飼育群(対照群)
(2-B)群 溶解液1-Bの飲水添加群
related gene、chemokine (C-C motif) ligand、tumor necrosis factor receptorが高発現し、代謝関連遺伝子群の発現も調節されることも明らかになった。尚、この結果は、Germ
free マウスへの投与期間が3週間と短いため、短期間投与の効果と想定される。
本実施例(3-1)において採取したWistarラットの肝臓に関して、(1-A)、(1-B)群間における遺伝子群の発現量の変動を解析した。本解析は、本実施例(3-1)と同様の方法を適用して行った。解析結果は、表5、6に示すとおりである。
(class V)は代謝関連系のものである。又、olfactory receptor 1148 (predicted)、UDP
glycosyltransferase 2 family polypeptide B、TRAF2 binding proteinはその他の生理反応にかかわるものである。又、表中にはないが、代謝関連遺伝子群であるglucokinase等も高発現していた。
kappa chain、Ig germline kappa-chain C-region gene、3’ end、anti-NG F30 antibody light chain mRNA、variable and constant
regions、immunoglobulin alpha heavy chainが挙げられる。
A desaturaseはトリグリセリドの減少等脂肪代謝全体に影響するものである。又、apelinは慢性肝疾患や肥満の際に増加するものである。
本実施例(3-2)において採取したGerm free マウスの肝臓に関して、(2-A)、(2-B)群間における遺伝子群の発現量の変動を解析した。本解析は、本実施例(3-1)と同様の方法を適用して行った。解析結果は、表7、8に示すとおりである。
Wistarラット(雄、3週齢)(九動社より入手)に溶解液1-Bを投与して、該溶解液1-Bの脂質エネルギー代謝調節効果を検証する実験を行った。尚、本実験は、下記4群を準備して、比較することにより行った。
(3-A)群 通常食飼育群(対照群)
(3-B)群 通常食+溶解液1-Bの飲水添加群
(3-C)群 高脂肪食飼育群
(3-D)群 高脂肪食+溶解液1-Bの飲水添加群
Balb / cマウス(雄、3週齢)(九動社より入手)に溶解液1-Bを投与して、該溶解液1-Bの脂質エネルギー代謝調節効果を検証する実験を行った。尚、本実験は、下記4群を準備して、比較することにより行った。
(4-A)群 通常食飼育群(対照群)
(4-B)群 通常食+溶解液1-Bの飲水添加群
(4-C)群 高脂肪食飼育群
(4-D)群 高脂肪食+溶解液1-Bの飲水添加群
/ cマウスは、夫々3ヶ月間飼育した後、CTスキャンにより体脂肪率を測定すると共に、体重も測定した。
/ cマウスの体内で、図5、6における外周囲に近い部分、及び図6における中央上部の黒っぽい灰色に見える部分が脂肪である。これより、(4-D)群のBalb /
cマウスは、(4-C)群のBalb / cマウスと比較して、体重が増加傾向にあるにもかかわらず、体脂肪が少ないことが明らかであり、実際、体脂肪率が20%程度低かった。尚、Balb
/ cマウスの大腿部においても同様の傾向が示されている。この傾向は、体脂肪の蓄積が低く、筋肉がつきやすいことを示唆している。
Wistarラット(雄、3週齢)(九動社より入手)に溶解液1-Bを投与して、腸内における腸内在来菌であるクロストリジウムであるClostridium
clusters IV、及びClostridium subcluster XIVaの変化を測定する実験を行った。尚、本実験は、下記2群を準備して、比較することにより行った。
(5-A)群 通常食飼育群(対照群)
(5-B)群 通常食+溶解液1-Bの飲水添加群
clusters IV、及びClostridium subcluster XIVaの変化を、T-RFLP(Terminal Restriction
Frament Length Polymorphism Analysis)によって確認した。その結果は、表10に示すとおりである。
cluster IV、及びClostridium subcluster XIVa共に増加することが明らかとなった。
本実施例(3-1)~(3-7)に記載した各実験の結果を検討することで、以下のような知見が得られた。
Gut-Homing Ig A- secreting B cells by intestinal dendritic cells. Science 2006;
314: 1157-1160)。又、同様に抗NGF抗体の産生が推察される。抗NGF抗体は、腸における傍細胞透過性の異常な増加を低減化することが知られている(Barreau,
et al. Pathways involved in gut mucosal barrier dysfunction induced in adult
rats by maternal deprivation: corticotrophin-releasing factor and nerve growth
factor interplay. J Physiol. 2007; 580(1): 347-356)。
D-binding protein precursorの発現量が増加しているが、このvitamin D-binding protein precursorは、マイクロファージの活性化に寄与することが知られており、抗ガン機能も示唆されている(Kisker
et al., Vitamin D binding protein-Macrophage activating factor (DBP-maf) inhibits
angiogenesis and tumor growth in mice. Neoplasia 2003; 5(1):32-40)。又、HBV pX
associated proteinの発現量が減少しているが、このHBV pX associated protein(HBV pX遺伝子)は、p53誘導型の細胞死を促進することが知られている。
anhydraseは代謝調節系であり、炭酸イオン量を調節することが知られている。糞中の炭酸イオンは、腸内フローラから発生するメタンガスのソースであるため、carbonic
anhydraseの発現量が減少することで、メタンガスの産生が腸内で減っていることが期待される。これは、別途行った実験において、高温発酵飼料(溶解液1-Aと同様の微生物が含まれている発酵産物を含む飼料)を投与すると、糞の発酵時の悪臭が少なくなることと矛盾しない。尚、通常、畜糞は堆肥化の際に嫌気発酵になる傾向があり、糞中のメタンガスと硫化水素からメチルメルカプタンを生成しうる。よって、糞中にあらかじめメタンが少なければ、前記メチルメルカプタンの生成量が少なくなることになる。尚、メタンガスは二酸化炭素の20倍の温暖化係数も有するため、腸内からの調節が可能であれば意義深い。
A-Vは、発現量が低下することで中性脂肪値の低下に寄与することが知られている。尚、本実施例(3-1)において採取した肝臓等を解析したところ、血清中のトリグリセリドに減少傾向があり、肝臓におけるトリグリセリドの沈着が軽減することも免疫組織化学染色により確認されている。
dehydrogenase 6 (class V)は脂肪代謝との関連性が期待されるものである。又、mesothelinの発現量が低下しているが、このmesothelinは発ガン関連遺伝子群であり、発現量の低下は好ましいことであると推察される。
(17-beta) dehydrogenase2の発現量が減少している。このhydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase2の減少については、ステロイド代謝系に影響を与えていることが期待される。
XIVa(Clostridium leptum and coccoides groups)を増加させることを示すものである。これより、溶解液1-Bに含まれる微生物は、投与された動物の腸内細菌相の変化を誘導することが明らかになった。又、本実施例(3-5)及び(3-6)に係る実験結果と組み合わせて考察することにより、このクロストリジムの増加によって、Toll-like receptor 5(TLR5)等を刺激して脂肪代謝を調節し、図6に示すCTスキャン画像に表れるように、高脂肪食条件下においても、内臓脂肪を蓄積させないという仕組みの存在が推察される。
freeマウスに経口投与すると、当該Germ freeマウスもメタボリックシンドロームになったという報告がなされている(Matam
Vijay-Kumar, et al. Metabolic Syndrome and Altered Gut Microbiota in
Mice Lacking Toll-Like Receptor 5. Science
2010; 328:
228 -231)。この事実は、クロストリジウムの刺激が、TLR5を介して与えられないと、メタボリックシンドロームになることを意味しており、腸内の在来菌であるクロストリジウムの存在意義を問うものとなっている。
Atarashi, et al.Induction
of Colonic Regulatory T Cells by Indigenous Clostridium Species. 学術誌サイエンス電子版(H22.12.24発表), Science 2011; 311: 337-341)。又、人間の潰瘍性大腸炎の患者ではこの細胞が減少しているとの報告もある。尚、前記制御性T細胞は、免疫系の過剰反応を制御するT細胞の一種で、自己免疫疾患の調節に関しても重要な役割を担うと考えられている。
無菌飼育したBalb / cマウスに、溶解液1-Bを投与して、それによる腸管内パイエル板の発達等を検証する実験を行った。尚、本実験は、通常飼育群(対照群)と、溶解液1-Bの飲水添加群の2群を準備して、比較することにより行った。
/ cマウスを比較したところ、対照群と比較して溶解液1-Bの飲水添加群の糞便が正常化する傾向が見られた。又、対照群と比較して溶解液1-Bの飲水添加群の腸管内のパイエル板が発達することが確認された。更に、溶解液1-Bの飲水添加群は、大腸糞中の分泌型IgAの濃度が対照群の1.5倍程度に増加する傾向が確認され、腸管の強度も対照群より増しており、性状に近い糞便の状態であった。
Germ free マウスに、溶解液1-Bを投与して、それによる肝臓のIL-18含有量の変化を検証する実験を行った。尚、本実験は、通常飼育群(対照群)と、溶解液1-Bの飲水添加群の2群を準備して、比較することにより行った。
free マウスの肝臓について解析したところ、対照群と比較して溶解液1-Bの飲水添加群の肝臓のIL-18含有量が、図7に示すように増加することが認められた。
Balb / cマウス(雄、3週齢)(九動社より入手)に、溶解液2、3、4、5を投与して、それらによる腸管及び脾臓における分泌型IgAの濃度変化を検証する実験を行った。尚、本実験は、下記5群を準備して、比較することにより行った。
(6-A)群 通常飼育群(対照群)
(6-B)群 溶解液2の飲水添加群
(6-C)群 溶解液3の飲水添加群
(6-D)群 溶解液4の飲水添加群
(6-E)群 溶解液5の飲水添加群
本実施例(4-1)~(4-3)に記載した各実験の結果を検討することで、以下のような知見が得られた。
thermoamylovoransの近縁種(N-11)等溶解液1-B中に含まれる微生物が、腸管のパイエル板の発達、及び生体内のIL-18の産生を活性化する、実験結果より想定されるからである。
time PCRによって調べたところ、BP-863の単独投与群である(6-C)群で、通常飼育群(対照群)である(6-A)群 、並びに標準菌株投与群である(6-E)群よりも1.4倍程度の発現量が確認された。本結果から、好熱性BP-863の投与によって、免疫系の制御細胞であるTreg細胞が集積し、アレルギーの発症予防等の免疫制御機構が働いている可能性が有ると推察される。
thermoamylovoransの近縁種(N-11)(BP-863)、及び、Bacillus coagulansの近縁種(N-16)は、Bacillus
thermoamylovoransの標準菌(LMG18084T)と異なり、単離菌として投与した場合であっても、図8に示すように、粘膜免疫系の遺伝子群の発現調節効果を発揮する。更に、実施例3の(3-5)、(3-6)の検証試験結果等より、Bacillus
thermoamylovoransの近縁種(N-11)を添加した群では、飼料効率が向上し、同時に飼育したカロリー数として10%以上高い高脂肪食飼育のマウスと同等以上の体重となり、体重増加率が改善している。これは、Bacillus
thermoamylovoransの近縁種(N-11)が、飼料中の難分解性の糖を分解し、利用効率を高めることにより生じていると想定される。
Claims (5)
- 好熱性微生物を含んだ有機物を50℃以上90℃以下で発酵させることによって得られ、動物へ投与することで、該動物の粘膜免疫系遺伝子群、腸における代謝関連遺伝子群、肝臓における代謝関連遺伝子群のうち、少なくとも一つの発現を調節する混合物又は溶解液であって、前記好熱性微生物として、好熱性のBacillus属、Oceanobacillus属、Paenibacillus属、Anoxybacillus属、Lysinibacillus属、Methanopyrus属、Geogemma属、Pyrolobus属、Pyrodictium属、Hyperthermus属、Pyrococcus属、Pyrobaculum属、Thermococcus属、Aeropyrum属、Aquifex属、Thermotoga属、Thermodesulfobacterium属、Thermus属、Geobacillus属、Thermomyces属、Clostridium属の微生物を1種類以上含むことを特徴とする混合物又は溶解液。
- 前記好熱性微生物として好熱性複合菌BP-1051を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の混合物又は溶解液。
- 前記好熱性微生物としてbacillus thermoamylovoransの近縁種で難分解性の糖質の分解能を有するBP-863を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の混合物又は溶解液。
- 前記好熱性微生物として好熱性種菌PTA-1773を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の混合物又は溶解液。
- 請求項1~4の何れかに記載の混合物又は溶解物を有効成分として含有する医薬品。
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US13/577,314 A-371-Of-International US20120301450A1 (en) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-02-09 | Mixture, dissolving solution and pharmaceutical agent each comprising thermophilic microorganism |
US14/795,868 Continuation US9987312B2 (en) | 2010-02-10 | 2015-07-09 | Mixture, dissolving solution and pharmaceutical agent each comprising thermophilic microorganism |
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EP (1) | EP2556835B1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2556835A4 (en) | 2013-11-13 |
DK2556835T3 (en) | 2015-11-09 |
US20120301450A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
CN102844038B (zh) | 2015-01-07 |
US9987312B2 (en) | 2018-06-05 |
JP5578375B2 (ja) | 2014-08-27 |
CN102844038A (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
BR112012020003A2 (pt) | 2020-08-18 |
EP2556835B1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
US20150306153A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
EP2556835A1 (en) | 2013-02-13 |
JPWO2011099514A1 (ja) | 2013-06-13 |
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