WO2011097780A1 - 行星齿轮机构和包括该行星齿轮机构的机械变速器 - Google Patents

行星齿轮机构和包括该行星齿轮机构的机械变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011097780A1
WO2011097780A1 PCT/CN2010/001134 CN2010001134W WO2011097780A1 WO 2011097780 A1 WO2011097780 A1 WO 2011097780A1 CN 2010001134 W CN2010001134 W CN 2010001134W WO 2011097780 A1 WO2011097780 A1 WO 2011097780A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
assembly
sun gear
output
planetary gear
gear assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/001134
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩文明
Original Assignee
宁波宏协离合器有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN 201010109337 external-priority patent/CN102155521B/zh
Priority claimed from CN2010201127990U external-priority patent/CN201802825U/zh
Application filed by 宁波宏协离合器有限公司 filed Critical 宁波宏协离合器有限公司
Publication of WO2011097780A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011097780A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/08General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
    • F16H57/10Braking arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/46Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears
    • F16H3/48Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears
    • F16H3/52Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears
    • F16H3/56Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears with single orbital gears or pairs of rigidly-connected orbital gears comprising orbital spur gears both central gears being sun gears
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/64Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains, the drive always passing through all the trains, each train having not more than one connection for driving another train

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a planetary gear mechanism and a mechanical transmission including the planetary gear mechanism, and more particularly to a gear transmission applied to a vehicle. Background technique
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a fixed-shaft gear transmission having three fixed gear shafts: a first shaft (input shaft) z, a second shaft (output shaft) z 2 and an intermediate shaft z 3 ,
  • the first shaft, and the second shaft z 2 are arranged at axially spaced apart distances, the axes of rotation coincide and are relatively rotatable, and the intermediate shaft z 3 is arranged in parallel with the first axis and the second axis Z 2 .
  • the first shaft is equipped with one gear ai , and the two rotate synchronously;
  • the second shaft Z 2 is equipped with three gears b 2 , c 2 , d 2 , and the three gears are sleeved on the second shaft Z 2 and can Z 2 relative to the second shaft rotatably;
  • Z countershaft gear 4 a 3 a 3, b 3, c 3, d 3, this shaft and the third gear four synchronized rotation Z 3; and a 3 countershaft gears
  • the first shaft gear a, the meshing, the countershaft gears b 3 , c 3 , d 3 are respectively meshed with the second shaft gears b 2 , c 2 , d 2 ;
  • the second shaft Z 2 is provided with two joint sleeves j, j 2 , the joint sleeve h is arranged between the gears a, and b 2 , and the joint sleeve j 2 is arranged between the gears c 2 and d
  • the characteristics of the transmission are: simple structure and low cost; however, if the total number of gears (forward gear + reverse gear) of the transmission of this structure exceeds six, the shifting mechanism is difficult to arrange, and the longitudinal dimension of the entire transmission is significantly increased. In addition, the transmission of this configuration separates the clutch before the first shaft when shifting, thus inevitably causing interruption of power transmission.
  • FIG. 2b a schematic diagram of a planetary gear type transmission, the transmission is composed of Consisting of three planetary rows, each planetary row consists of: a sun gear, a planetary gear P 2 , a tooth ⁇ 3 and a planet carrier P 4 (as shown in Figure 2a), three planetary rows combined together, through three clutches d , C 2 , C 3 and three brake bands S, B 2 , B 3 , plus the cooperation of the one-way clutch F, the sun gear P, the gingival P 3 and the planet carrier of each planetary row P 4 is used as an active member, a passive member or a fixed member, respectively, so that it can be combined into a plurality of gear positions.
  • the planetary gear transmission is often used with a torque converter to shift gears without cutting off the engine power, but the transmission efficiency is low; the relevant components of one planetary row of the planetary gear transmission are related to another planetary row.
  • the interconnection and nesting of the components result in a complicated structure of the entire transmission, difficulty in arrangement, and great difficulty in manufacturing and maintenance.
  • the processing of the gingival can not be processed by hobbing, so the processing efficiency is low. Poor precision and high cost.
  • the complex structure of the mechanism-related components and the disadvantages of machining difficulties, and up to three gear ratios can be provided by one planetary gear mechanism.
  • the present invention also provides a mechanical transmission including the planetary gear mechanism - a planetary gear mechanism according to the present invention, comprising an input sun gear assembly, at least one planetary gear assembly, a planet carrier assembly and an output sun gear assembly,
  • the input sun gear assembly, the planet carrier assembly and the output sun gear assembly have coincident axes of rotation and can be relatively rotated between the two, the planet carrier assembly and/or the output sun gear assembly can be fixed and
  • the planet carrier assembly and the output sun gear assembly can only be fixed one by one, and any one of the input sun gear assembly, the planet carrier assembly and the output sun gear assembly can be locked to each other,
  • the locking and fixing can only be performed alternatively, wherein the planetary gear assembly is rotatably mounted on the planet carrier assembly about its axis, each
  • the planetary wheel assembly includes two planet wheels that are coupled together by a shaft for coaxial and synchronous rotation, and one of the two planet wheels and the input of the input sun gear assembly The sun gears mesh and the other planet gear meshes with an output
  • the planetary gear mechanism includes a planet carrier brake mechanism for residing the planet carrier assembly and/or an output sun for braking the output sun gear assembly Wheel brake mechanism to fix the planet carrier assembly or output the sun gear assembly.
  • the planetary gear mechanism includes a lock mechanism that is mounted to the input sun gear assembly, the output sun gear assembly, and the planet carrier assembly Any two of them are used to lock the two to each other to achieve synchronous rotation of both locked.
  • the central axis of the input sun gear assembly serves as an input end of the planetary gear mechanism, the central axis of the output sun gear assembly or the planetary carrier assembly and the output sun gear
  • the planet carrier output shaft concentric with the center axis of the assembly serves as the output of the planetary gear mechanism.
  • the planetary frame brake mechanism and the output sun gear brake mechanism and the lock mechanism can only function one by one.
  • the carrier assembly includes a planet carrier and a brake drum, the planet carrier and the brake drum each having a central bore and fixedly coupled together to form a hollow structure
  • the sun gear of the input sun gear assembly, the planetary gear assembly and the sun gear of the output sun gear assembly are housed in the hollow structure, the central axis of the input sun gear assembly and the output
  • the central axis of the sun gear assembly projects outwardly from the respective center holes of the planet carrier and the brake drum.
  • the carrier assembly includes a planet carrier and a brake drum, the carrier and the brake drum are fixedly coupled to form a hollow structure; the input sun gear The sun gear of the assembly and the planetary wheel assembly are received in the hollow crust; the brake drum has a central bore, and the central axis of the input sun gear assembly is from the central bore of the brake drum Extending outwardly; a central portion of the planet carrier is recessed toward the brake drum, and a planet carrier output shaft extending from a center of the recessed portion in a direction away from the brake drum;
  • the output sun gear assembly has another center hole such that a central axis of the output sun gear assembly is rotatably sleeved on the planet carrier output shaft, and the sun gear of the output sun gear assembly is housed in the a recessed portion of the planet carrier; a radial through hole is formed in a circumference of the recessed portion of the planet carrier, and the planetary wheel of the planetary gear assembly that mesh
  • the planet carrier brake mechanism and/or the output sun gear brake mechanism take the form of a brake band or clutch.
  • a mechanical transmission according to the present invention includes a housing and one or more of the above described planetary gear mechanisms, the carrier assembly and/or the output sun gear assembly of the planetary gear mechanism being fixed relative to the housing of the transmission; Where the mechanical transmission comprises only one planetary gear mechanism, the input end of the planetary gear mechanism constitutes the input end of the transmission, the output end of the planetary gear mechanism constitutes the output of the transmission; or the mechanical transmission comprises a plurality of planetary gear mechanisms In this case, the planetary gear mechanisms are connected in series with each other, wherein the input end of the first stage planetary gear mechanism constitutes the input end of the transmission, and the output end of the last stage planetary gear mechanism constitutes the output end of the transmission, the output end of the planetary gear mechanism of the previous stage With the input end of the immediately following planetary gear mechanism Even.
  • the transmission includes a two-stage planetary gear mechanism, wherein the carrier assembly of the first-stage planetary gear mechanism can be fixed relative to the housing of the transmission, the first-stage planetary gear mechanism
  • the output sun gear assembly and its planet carrier assembly can be locked to each other, and the central axis of the output sun gear assembly of the first stage planetary gear mechanism constitutes the output end of the first stage planetary gear mechanism;
  • the planet of the second stage planetary gear mechanism The frame assembly or output sun gear assembly can be fixed relative to the housing of the transmission, and the output sun gear assembly of the second stage planetary gear mechanism can be locked with the planet carrier assembly, and the input sun gear of the second stage planetary gear mechanism
  • the central axis of the assembly is coupled to the central axis of the output sun gear assembly of the first stage planetary gear mechanism, and the central axis of the output sun gear assembly of the second stage planetary gear mechanism and the planet carrier output shaft of its planet carrier assembly Forming two outputs of the second stage planetary gear mechanism, and the
  • the transmission includes three planetary gear mechanisms, wherein the carrier assembly of the first stage planetary gear mechanism can be fixed relative to the housing of the transmission, the first stage planetary gear mechanism The output sun gear assembly and its planet carrier assembly can be locked to each other, and the central axis of the output sun gear assembly of the first stage planetary gear mechanism constitutes the output end of the first stage planetary gear mechanism; the planet carrier of the intermediate planetary gear mechanism The assembly can be fixed relative to the housing of the transmission, the output sun gear assembly of the intermediate planetary gear mechanism and its planet carrier assembly can be locked to each other, the central axis of the input sun gear assembly of the intermediate planetary gear mechanism and the first stage The central axis of the output sun gear assembly of the planetary gear mechanism is coupled, and the central axis of the output sun gear assembly of the intermediate planetary gear mechanism constitutes the output end of the intermediate planetary gear mechanism; and, the planet carrier of the last stage planetary gear mechanism The assembly or output sun gear assembly can be fixed relative to the housing of
  • an output shifting clutch is provided as an output converter between the last stage planetary gear mechanism and the output shaft assembly of the transmission, the output shifting clutch including an active portion and a slave
  • the active portion of the output shifting clutch is divided into two parts: a first active portion and a second active portion, the first active portion being connected to a central axis of the output sun gear assembly of the last stage row 4 gear mechanism And synchronously rotating, the second active portion is coupled to the carrier output shaft of the last stage planetary gear mechanism and synchronously rotated;
  • the driven portion of the output switching clutch is divided into two parts: a driven portion and a second driven portion
  • the first driven portion and the first active portion form a friction pair that transmits a torque
  • the second driven portion and the second active portion form a friction pair that transmits a torque
  • the first slave Both the moving portion and the second driven portion are coupled to the transmission output shaft assembly and rotate in synchronization.
  • the output converter includes a carrier output spline disposed on the planet carrier output shaft of the last stage planetary gear mechanism, and an output sun gear at the final stage planetary gear mechanism.
  • a sun gear output spline disposed on the central axis and a sleeve slidable in the axial direction, wherein the two ends of the inner hole of the sleeve are respectively provided with a first spline and a second spline, and the sleeve is respectively provided a first spline engageable with the sun gear output spline, or with the planet carrier output spline, but not with the sun gear output spline and the planet carrier output spline;
  • the second spline of the clutch sleeve is always engaged with the spline on the output shaft assembly of the transmission.
  • the mechanical transmission of the present invention comprises two or more stages of the planetary gear mechanism in series; the planetary gear mechanism
  • the size parameters may be the same or different; in the planetary gear mechanism of each stage in series, the central axis of the input sun gear assembly is used as an input portion, and the central axis of the output sun gear assembly is used as an output portion; An output portion of the planetary gear mechanism of the first stage is connected to an input portion of the planetary gear mechanism of the subsequent stage.
  • the central shaft assembly of the output sun gear can be used as an output portion, but also the output shaft of the carrier can also serve as an output portion for the planetary gear mechanism connected in series.
  • the last level is especially important.
  • the carrier brake mechanism and the output sun gear brake mechanism alternately operate, the output sun gear
  • the central axis of the assembly and the output shaft of the planet carrier will alternate as an output section, which will allow this type of planetary gear mechanism to perform more functions.
  • the planetary mechanism can achieve: when the carrier brake mechanism is active (while the output sun gear brake mechanism does not function and the lock mechanism does not function), the planet carrier assembly is opposite No rotation of the housing, at which time power is output from the center axis of the output sun gear assembly; when the output sun gear brake mechanism is activated (at the same time the planet carrier brakes) The mechanism does not function, and the locking mechanism does not function.)
  • the output sun gear assembly has no rotation relative to the housing, and power is outputted by the output shaft of the carrier in the outer direction.
  • An output shifting clutch is disposed between the planetary gear mechanism and the output shaft assembly of the transmission, the output shifting clutch includes an active portion and a driven portion, and the active portion of the output shifting clutch is divided into two parts: An active part and a second active part, the first active part and the losing The central axis of the sun gear assembly is connected and synchronously rotated, and the second active portion is coupled to the output shaft of the carrier and rotates synchronously;
  • the driven portion of the output switching clutch is divided into two parts: the first driven portion And a second driven portion, the first driven portion and the first active portion form a friction pair that transmits a torque, and the second driven portion and the second active portion form a friction pair that transmits a torque
  • the first driven portion and the second driven portion are both coupled to the output shaft assembly of the transmission and rotate in synchronization.
  • the first active portion of the output shifting clutch is engaged with the first driven portion, and power is transmitted from the output sun gear assembly to the transmission output shaft. If the power is output from the outer output of the planet carrier, the second active portion and the second driven portion of the output shifting clutch are engaged, and power is transmitted from the carrier output shaft to the transmission output shaft assembly.
  • both operating conditions are outputted through the output shaft assembly of the transmission, and may also be as follows: a spline is arranged on an output shaft of the carrier assembly, called a carrier output spline, and a spline is arranged on a central axis of the output sun gear assembly, which is called a sun gear output spline, and An engaging sleeve is slidable in the axial direction, and two ends of the inner hole of the engaging sleeve are respectively provided with splines, and a spline at one end of the engaging sleeve can be engaged with the sun gear output spline, or can be coupled with the planet carrier Output spline engagement, but does not simultaneously engage the sun gear output spline and the planet carrier output spline, the spline at the other end of the sleeve and the spline on the transmission output shaft assembly are
  • the locking mechanism installed between the input sun gear assembly, the output sun gear assembly and the planet carrier assembly may be a one-way clutch or a common clutch, six
  • the situation is described as follows: 1.
  • the locking mechanism mounted between the output sun gear assembly and the planet carrier assembly is a one-way clutch, the one-way clutch including an inner bore and an outer bore, the inner bore and the inner handle
  • One of the outer turns is connected to the output sun gear assembly, and the other of the inner turn and the outer turn is connected to the carrier assembly; at this time, the output sun gear assembly As an output end and the planetary gear mechanism is a speed increasing mechanism
  • the output sun gear assembly is rotatable relative to the planet carrier assembly only in the direction in which the input sun gear assembly rotates, If rotated in the opposite direction, the one-way clutch enters a locked state, and the output sun gear assembly in the locked state rotates in synchronization with the carrier assembly.
  • the lock mechanism mounted between the input sun gear assembly and the planet carrier assembly is a one-way clutch, the one-way clutch includes an inner bore and an outer bore, the inner bore and the inner handle One of the outer rings is connected to the input too I 1 turn wheel assembly, and the other of the inner turn and the outer turn is connected to the carrier assembly; at this time, the output sun The wheel assembly is an output end and the planetary gear mechanism is a speed increasing mechanism
  • the input sun gear assembly is rotatable relative to the planet carrier assembly only in the direction in which the input sun gear assembly rotates, If rotated in the opposite direction, the one-way clutch enters a locked state, and the input sun gear assembly in the locked state rotates in synchronization with the carrier assembly.
  • the locking mechanism installed between the input sun gear assembly and the output sun gear assembly is a one-way clutch, and the one-way clutch includes an inner and outer ring, the inner and outer ring One of the outer turns is connected to the input sun gear assembly, and the other of the inner ring and the outer ring is connected to the output sun gear assembly; at this time, the output sun gear
  • the locking mechanism installed between the output sun gear assembly and the planet carrier assembly is a common clutch, and the common clutch includes two parts: an active part and a driven part, and the active part is The planet carrier assembly is coupled, and the driven portion is coupled to the output sun gear assembly.
  • the output sun gear assembly may rotate in a forward direction relative to the carrier assembly, or may be reversely rotated; when the common clutch is active After the portion and the driven portion are engaged, the output sun gear assembly rotates synchronously with the carrier assembly, so that the entire planetary gear mechanism rotates integrally.
  • the locking mechanism installed between the input sun gear assembly and the planet carrier assembly is a common clutch, and the common clutch comprises two parts: an active part and a driven part, and the active part is The input sun gear assembly is coupled, and the driven portion is coupled to the planet carrier assembly.
  • the input sun gear assembly may rotate in a forward direction relative to the carrier assembly, or may be reversely rotated; when the common clutch is active After the portion and the driven portion are engaged, the input sun gear assembly rotates in synchronization with the carrier assembly, so that the entire planetary gear mechanism rotates integrally.
  • the locking mechanism installed between the input sun gear assembly and the output sun gear assembly is a common clutch, and the common clutch comprises two parts: an active part and a driven part, the active part Connected to the input sun gear assembly, the driven portion is coupled to the output sun gear assembly.
  • the input sun gear assembly may be rotated in a forward direction relative to the output sun gear assembly, or may be reversely rotated; when the common clutch is After the active portion and the driven portion are engaged, the input sun gear assembly rotates synchronously with the output sun gear assembly, so that the entire planetary gear mechanism is integrally rotated move.
  • the output sun gear brake mechanism and the lock mechanism are inactive, and there is no relative rotation between the planet carrier assembly and the housing.
  • the power is from the input sun gear assembly ⁇ the planetary wheel assembly ⁇ the output sun gear assembly, and the transmission ratio of the whole mechanism is i (input sun shaft center shaft speed/output sun wheel center axis rotation;
  • 2x2x2x2 16 gears, therefore, if there are n stages of the planetary gear mechanism in series, the total number of forward gears is: 2 n .
  • a negative gear ratio ie, reverse gear
  • only one of the stages of planetary gear mechanisms in series uses a planetary gear mechanism that includes an output sun gear brake mechanism.
  • the maximum number of forward gears is 2 n and the maximum number of reverse gears is 2 n .
  • a transmission such as a three-stage planetary gear mechanism can provide eight forward gears and four reverse gears, some gears may not be used as needed in the specific implementation, for example, as needed. If the 8th forward gear is not used, the number of forward gears that can be obtained is 7 and the reverse gear is 4. Therefore, the total number of gears can be obtained, for example, for a car, for example, only one reverse gear is required. Therefore, the total number of practical gears is 8 (7 forward gears and 1 reverse gear); for mine machinery, for example, multiple reverse gears are actually used as needed.
  • gear mechanism is compared to the planets of other transmissions.
  • Gear mechanism its main features are:
  • each of the planetary gear mechanisms is provided with two sun gears, at least one planetary gear assembly, and a planet carrier, and the two planetary wheels of the planetary gear assembly are respectively Engage with one of the sun wheels;
  • connection manner between the two is relatively simple, and the output portion of the planetary gear mechanism of the previous stage is connected to the input portion of the planetary gear mechanism of the latter stage;
  • a multi-speed planetary gear mechanism is simply connected in series to realize a multi-speed transmission, and shifting between multiple gears is realized by simply manipulating the brake mechanism and the lock mechanism of each stage of the planetary gear mechanism.
  • the central axis of the output sun gear assembly is used as an output end, and the output sun can be realized.
  • the gear mechanism is a speed reduction mechanism, and when i ⁇ l, the planetary gear mechanism is a speed increasing mechanism;
  • the central axis of the output sun gear assembly is used as an output end, and the output sun can be realized.
  • the center axis of the carrier assembly is used as the output end, and the speed ratio achieved is:
  • the sun gear assembly center shaft speed / planet carrier assembly output shaft speed li, where i is the first case in the case where the carrier gear mechanism is the fixed-shaft gear transmission, that is, when 1 (fixed axis)
  • the planetary gear mechanism is a speed reduction mechanism), which can realize the axial output reverse output of the carrier, that is, the reverse gear; when i ⁇ l (the fixed-axis planetary gear mechanism is a speed increasing
  • the processing and arrangement of the planetary gear mechanism is greatly facilitated, so that the transmission of the present invention has a simple structure, low cost, and easy to pass through multiple stages in series.
  • the planetary gear mechanism realizes more gear positions; in addition, the mechanical transmission operating mechanism provided by the invention is simple, and the power can be realized without interruption during the shifting process.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a fixed-shaft transmission
  • 2a is a schematic view showing the basic structure of a planetary gear mechanism
  • Figure 2b is a schematic structural view of a conventional planetary gear mechanism transmission
  • Figure 3a is a schematic view showing the basic structure of an embodiment of the mechanical transmission of the present invention
  • Figures 3b, 3c show an embodiment similar to Figure 3a;
  • Figure 4a is a schematic view showing the basic structure of another embodiment of the mechanical transmission of the present invention.
  • Figures 4b, 4c show an embodiment similar to Figure 4a;
  • Figure 5 is an embodiment of a mechanical transmission including two planetary mechanisms of the present invention Basic structure diagram
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the basic structure of an embodiment of a mechanical transmission including three planetary mechanisms of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the basic configuration of another embodiment of a mechanical transmission including three planetary mechanisms of the present invention. detailed description
  • Figure 3a shows a basic structural view of an embodiment of a mechanical transmission of the present invention, which includes a planetary gear mechanism A, a housing C, and a related component capable of realizing the planetary gear mechanism A and the housing C. a brake mechanism without relative rotation between the carrier assembly 4 and the housing C for preventing relative rotation between the carrier assembly 4 and the housing Called the planet carrier brake mechanism B.
  • the planetary gear mechanism A includes an input sun gear assembly 1, an output sun gear assembly 3, and two planetary wheels disposed around the input sun gear assembly 1 and the output sun gear assembly 3. Assembly 2, planet carrier assembly 4 and locking mechanism 5.
  • three or other number (such as one or four) of planetary gear assemblies 2 may be provided, and these planetary gear assemblies 2 preferably surround the circumference of the input sun gear assembly 1 and the output sun gear assembly 3 Ground distribution.
  • the axes of rotation of the input sun gear assembly 1, the planet carrier assembly 4, and the output sun gear assembly 3 coincide and may be relatively rotatable therebetween.
  • the planetary gear assembly 2 includes a planet gear 21 and a planet gear 22 that are coupled together by a shaft for coaxial, synchronous rotation, the planet gear assembly 2 being rotatably mounted about the axis thereof
  • the planet carrier assembly 4 is on.
  • the sun gear 11 of the input sun gear assembly 1 meshes with a planet gear 21 of the planetary gear assembly 2, the sun gear 31 of the output sun gear assembly 3 and the other of the planetary gear assembly 2
  • the planet wheels 22 mesh.
  • the locking mechanism 5 is mounted between the output sun gear assembly 3 and the planet carrier assembly 4 for locking the two to each other to achieve simultaneous rotation of the two.
  • the central axis 12 of the sun gear 11 is input.
  • the input end is formed, and the central axis 32 of the output sun gear 31 constitutes an output end.
  • the entire planetary gear mechanism has two positive transmission ratios i and 1, and the so-called positive transmission ratio indicates the rotation direction of the output end.
  • the negative gear ratio indicates that the direction of rotation of the output end is opposite to the direction of rotation of the input end.
  • the lock mechanism 5 installed between the output sun gear assembly 3 and the carrier assembly 4 is a one-way clutch 5a, and the one-way clutch 5a includes an inner bore 5a.
  • an outer ring 5a 2 the inner ring 5 1 is connected to the output sun gear assembly 3, the outer ring 5a 2 is connected to the planet carrier assembly 4; the output sun gear assembly 3 is opposite to the
  • the carrier assembly 4 can only rotate in the direction in which the input sun gear assembly rotates. If it rotates in the opposite direction, the one-way clutch enters the locked state, and the output sun gear assembly 3 in the locked state is The planet carrier assembly 4 rotates synchronously so that the entire planetary gear mechanism A is rotated.
  • the carrier assembly 4 includes a planet carrier 41 and a brake drum 42. Both of them are provided with a hole in the center.
  • the carrier 41 and the brake drum 42 are fixedly connected to form a hollow.
  • the sun gear 11 of the input sun gear assembly 1, the planetary gear assembly 2 and the sun gear 31 of the output sun gear assembly 3 are housed in the hollow structure, the input sun gear assembly 1
  • the central shaft 12 and the central shaft 32 of the output sun gear assembly 3 project outwardly from respective holes in the center of the brake drum 42 and the planet carrier 41, respectively.
  • the embodiment shown in Fig. 3b is similar to the embodiment of Fig. 3a.
  • the planetary gear mechanism A is also a speed increasing mechanism, the main difference being that the locking mechanism 5 is disposed at The input sun gear assembly 1 and the planet carrier assembly 4 are such that the input sun gear assembly 1 and the planet carrier assembly 4 can be locked to each other.
  • the locking mechanism 5 between the input sun gear assembly 1 and the output sun gear assembly 3, as shown in Figure 3c, such that the input sun gear assembly 1 and the output sun gear assembly 3 Can lock each other.
  • FIG. 4a is a schematic view showing the basic structure of another embodiment of the mechanical transmission of the present invention, which includes a planetary gear mechanism A, a housing C, and a related component capable of realizing the planetary gear mechanism A and the housing C.
  • a mechanism referred to as a planet carrier brake mechanism B c
  • the brake mechanism without relative rotation is called the output sun gear brake mechanism B s .
  • the planetary gear mechanism A includes an input sun gear assembly 1, an output sun gear assembly 3, a plurality of planetary gear assemblies 2 disposed around the input sun gear assembly 1 and the output sun gear assembly 3, and a planet carrier assembly 4 And locking mechanism 5.
  • the axes of rotation of the input sun gear assembly 1, the planet carrier assembly 4, and the output sun gear assembly 3 coincide and may be relatively rotatable therebetween.
  • the planetary gear assembly 2 includes a planet gear 21 and a planet gear 22 that are coupled together by a shaft for coaxial, synchronous rotation, the planet gear assembly 2 being rotatably mounted about the planet about its axis The assembly is on 4.
  • the sun gear 11 of the input sun gear assembly 1 meshes with a planet gear 21 of the planetary gear assembly 2, the sun gear 31 of the output sun gear assembly 3 and the other of the planetary gear assembly 2
  • the planet wheels 22 mesh.
  • the locking mechanism 5 is mounted between the output sun gear assembly 3 and the planet carrier assembly 4 for locking the two to each other for simultaneous rotation of the two.
  • the lock mechanism 5 mounted between the output sun gear assembly 3 and the planet carrier assembly 4 is a normal clutch 5b
  • the normal clutch 5b includes two parts: an active portion 51.
  • the driven portion 5b 2 the active portion 51 > 1 is coupled to the carrier assembly 4, and the driven portion 5b 2 is coupled to the output sun gear assembly 3.
  • the output sun gear assembly 3 can be rotated forward relative to the carrier assembly 4, or can be reversely rotated;
  • the output sun gear assembly 3 is The planet carrier assembly 4 rotates synchronously so that the entire planetary gear mechanism A is rotated.
  • the carrier assembly 4 includes a planet carrier 41 and a brake drum 42, which are fixedly coupled together to form a hollow structure; the sun gear 11 of the input sun gear assembly 1 and the planet The wheel assembly 2 is housed in the hollow structure.
  • a hole is provided in the center of the brake drum 42 and a central shaft 12 of the input sun gear assembly 1 projects outwardly from a hole in the center of the brake drum 42.
  • the center portion of the carrier 41 is recessed in the direction of the brake drum 42, and an output shaft, which is referred to as a carrier output shaft 43, is projected in a direction away from the brake drum 42 at the center of the recessed portion.
  • the center of the output sun gear assembly 3 is provided with a hole through which the central shaft 32 of the output sun gear assembly 3 is rotatably sleeved on the planet carrier output shaft 43, and the output sun gear
  • the sun gear 31 of the assembly 3 is accommodated in the recessed portion of the planet carrier 41; a plurality of radial through holes are formed in the circumference of the recessed portion of the planet carrier 41, and the planetary gears 22 of the planetary gear assembly 2 respectively pass A radial through hole engages the sun gear 31 of the output sun gear assembly 3.
  • the transmission path of the power is: the input sun gear assembly 1 ⁇ the planetary wheel assembly 2 ⁇ the output sun gear assembly 3, and the transmission ratio of the whole mechanism is i;
  • the locking mechanism 5 is actuated (at the same time, the carrier brake mechanism B c and the output sun gear brake mechanism B s do not function)
  • the output sun gear assembly 3 connected thereto The carrier assembly 4 rotates synchronously so that the entire planetary gear mechanism A will rotate as a whole, and the transmission ratio of the entire mechanism is 1;
  • the output is achieved by the carrier output shaft 43 at a negative gear ratio i R .
  • the transmission path of the power is: the input sun gear assembly 1 ⁇ the planetary wheel assembly 2 ⁇ the output sun gear assembly 3, and the transmission ratio of the whole mechanism is i;
  • the output sun gear brake mechanism B s is activated, and at the same time, when the carrier brake mechanism B c and the lock mechanism 5 are inactive, the output is realized by the carrier output glaze 43 at the transmission ratio i 2 ;
  • the lock mechanism 5 is activated (at the same time, the carrier brake mechanism B c and the output sun brake mechanism B s do not function), the output sun gear assembly 3 and the attached thereto are connected thereto.
  • the carrier assembly 4 rotates synchronously so that the entire planetary gear mechanism A will rotate as a whole, and the transmission ratio of the entire mechanism is one.
  • Figure 4b shows an embodiment similar to Figure 4a, the difference being mainly that the locking mechanism 5 is disposed between the input sun gear assembly 1 and the planet carrier assembly 4 such that the input sun gear assembly 1 and the planet carrier assembly 4 can They are locked to each other.
  • the locking mechanism 5 it is also conceivable to arrange the locking mechanism 5 between the input sun gear assembly 1 and the output sun gear assembly 3, as shown in Figure 4c, such that the input sun gear assembly 1 and the output sun gear assembly 3 Can be locked to each other.
  • the planetary gear mechanism A according to the embodiment shown in Figs. 4a, 4b has a dual output, i.e., a central axis 32 of the output sun gear assembly and a carrier output shaft 43.
  • the transmission includes two planetary gear mechanisms A, A 2 , wherein the central axis of the output sun gear is used as an output end, and the first stage planetary gear machine Structure A, which is a speed increasing mechanism, uses a planetary gear mechanism of the type shown in Fig. 3a.
  • the planet carrier assembly 4 can be fixed relative to the housing C of the transmission by the planet carrier brake mechanism Be.
  • a one-way clutch 5a is mounted between the output sun gear assembly 3 of the first stage planetary gear mechanism and its planet carrier assembly 4 so as to be able to lock the two to each other.
  • the central axis of the output sun gear assembly of the first stage planetary gear mechanism constitutes the output end of the first stage planetary gear mechanism;
  • a second-stage planetary gear reduction mechanism 2 is eight, using the type shown in FIG. 4a of the planetary gear mechanism.
  • the carrier assembly 4 or the output sun gear assembly 3 of the second stage planetary gear mechanism A 2 can be fixed relative to the housing C of the transmission by the planet carrier brake mechanism Be or the output sun gear brake mechanism Bs.
  • the normal clutch 5b is used between the output sun gear assembly 3 of the second stage planetary gear mechanism A 2 and its carrier assembly 4 so that the two can be locked to each other.
  • the central axis of the input sun gear assembly of the second stage planetary gear mechanism A 2 is coupled to the central axis of the output sun gear assembly of the first stage planetary gear mechanism, and the output sun gear assembly of the second stage planetary gear mechanism A 2
  • the central shaft and the planet carrier output shaft of the planet carrier assembly form the two outputs of the second stage planetary gear mechanism A 2 and the two outputs are connected to the output shaft assembly 8 of the transmission via an output converter.
  • the mechanical transmission includes the planetary gear mechanism A connected in series in three stages, and is referred to as a planetary gear mechanism Ap planetary gear mechanism A 2 and a planetary gear mechanism A 3 , respectively, from front to back.
  • the size parameter, the gear ratio, and the like of the planetary gear mechanism A may be different or the same.
  • the planetary gear mechanism, and A 2 correspond to the embodiment of Figure 3a
  • the planetary gear mechanism A 3 corresponds to the embodiment of Figure 4a. It goes without saying that other combinations of different planetary gear mechanisms are also conceivable.
  • the planetary gear mechanism eight, and A 2 are speed increasing mechanisms, the locking mechanism of which is a one-way clutch 5a; and the output sun gear assembly as an output,
  • the planetary gear mechanism A 3 is a speed reduction mechanism, and the locking mechanism is a common separation mechanism.
  • a combiner 5b in the planetary gear mechanism A of each stage in series, the central axis 12 of the input sun gear assembly 1 is an input portion, and the central axis 32 of the output sun gear assembly 3 is an output portion;
  • the central axis 32 of the output sun gear assembly 3 can serve as an output portion, but also the output shaft 43 of the carrier. Can be used as an output part, for example to form a reverse gear (as shown in Figures 6 and 7).
  • the carrier brake mechanism B c and the output sun gear system The moving mechanism B s is selectively operated such that the central axis of the output sun gear assembly 3 and the output shaft 43 of the carrier respectively serve as output portions, so that the planetary gear mechanism of this type can perform more functions.
  • the external output may be in the manner shown in FIG. 6: an output converter configured to output the shifting clutch 7 is provided between the planetary gear mechanism A 3 and the transmission output shaft assembly 8, the output shifting clutch 7 includes an active portion 7a and a driven portion 7b, the active portion 7a of the output switching clutch 7 being divided into two parts: a first active portion 7 1 and a second active portion 7a 2 , the first active portion 7 ai and The central shaft 32 of the output sun gear assembly 3 is coupled and synchronously rotated, and the second active portion 7 is coupled to the output shaft 43 of the carrier and rotates synchronously; the driven portion 7b of the output shifting clutch 7 is also divided.
  • first driven portion 7b Two parts: a first driven portion 7b, and a second driven portion 7b 2 , the first driven portion 7b, and the first active portion 7a, forming a friction pair capable of transmitting torque
  • the second The driven portion 7b 2 and the second active portion 7a 2 are shaped As a friction pair that can transmit torque
  • the first driven portion 71 and the second driven portion 7b 2 are both connected to the transmission output shaft assembly 8 and rotate synchronously.
  • a spline 44 is output for the planet carrier, a spline is arranged on the central axis 32 of the output sun gear assembly 3, called a sun gear output spline 33, and another sleeve sleeve 6 is slidable in the axial direction, the joint Set of 6 inner holes
  • the two ends are respectively provided with a spline 61 and a spline 62, and the spline 61 at one end of the engaging sleeve can be engaged with the sun gear output spline 33, or can be engaged with the carrier output spline 44, but will not Simultaneously engaging the sun gear output spline 33 and the planet carrier output spline 44, the other end spline 62 of the clutch sleeve 6 is always in mesh with the spline 81 on the transmission output shaft assembly 8, engaging The sleeve 6 and the respective splines of the mating action constitute an output converter.
  • the power can be passed through the joint sleeve 6 regardless of whether the power is forwardly outputted from the center axis of the output sun gear assembly 3 or is outputted forward or reverse by the output shaft 43 of the carrier.
  • the transmission output shaft assembly 8 is output to the outside.
  • a n planetary gear mechanism 56 is provided in an embodiment, shown in FIG. 7, with a dual-output (output sun gear assembly 32 of the center shaft 3 and the carrier output shaft 43) of the last stage.
  • the planetary gear mechanism with dual outputs can also be arranged in the first or second stage, in which case the output converter should be formed between the planetary gear mechanism and the next stage planetary gear mechanism.
  • a combination of a plurality of planetary gear mechanisms with dual outputs is also conceivable, which allows for more gears to be provided because the negative gear ratio is multiplied by the negative gear ratio to the positive gear ratio.

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Description

行星齿轮机构和包括该行星齿轮机构的机械变速器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种行星齿轮机构和一种包括该行星齿轮机构的 机械变速器, 尤其涉及一种应用于车辆上的齿轮变速器。 背景技术
实际应用中, 齿轮变速器有两种类型: 定轴式和行星齿轮式。 如图 1所示为一种定轴式齿轮变速器示意图, 该变速器有三 个位置固定的齿轮轴: 第一轴 (输入轴) z,、 第二轴 (输出轴) z2和中间轴 z3, 第一轴 ,和第二轴 z2沿轴向间隔开距离布置、 旋转轴线重合且可以相对转动, 中间轴 z3与第一轴 ^及第二轴 Z2平行布置。 第一轴 上装有 1个齿轮 ai, 两者同步旋转; 第 二轴 Z2上装有 3 个齿轮 b2、 c2、 d2, 这三个齿轮套置在第二轴 Z2上, 并且可以相对于第二轴 Z2自由转动; 中间轴 Z3上有 4个 齿轮 a3、 b3、 c3、 d3, 此四个齿轮与第三轴 Z3同步旋转; 中间轴 齿轮 a3与第一轴齿轮 a,啮合, 中间轴齿轮 b3、 c3、 d3分别与第二 轴齿轮 b2、 c2、 d2啮合; 第二轴 Z2上装有 2个接合套 j,、 j2, 接 合套 h布置于齿轮 a,和 b2之间, 接合套 j2布置于齿轮 c2和 d2之 间, 此两个接合套可实现齿轮 a,、 b2, c2、 d2分别与第二轴 2接 合而与第二轴 Z2同步旋转, 从而实现变速器的第一、 二、 三挡及 直接挡。 此变速器的特点是: 结构简单, 成本低; 但是, 若此结 构的变速器的挡位总数(前进挡 +倒挡) 超过六个, 则换挡操纵 机构布置比较困难, 整个变速器的纵向尺寸显著增加; 另外, 此 结构的变速器在换挡时要分离第一轴之前的离合器, 因此不可避 免地造成动力传递的中断。
如图 2b所示, 为一种行星齿轮式变速器示意图,该变速器由 三个行星排构成, 每个行星排包括: 太阳轮 、 行星轮 P2、 齿圏 ?3和行星架 P4 (如图 2a所示) , 三个行星排组合在一起, 通过 三个离合器 d、 C2、 C3以及三个制动带 S,、 B2、 B3, 再加上单 向离合器 F的配合, 可以将每个行星排的太阳轮 P,、 齿圏 P3和 行星架 P4分别作为主动件、 被动件或者固定件, 这样就可以组合 成多个挡位。 该行星齿轮式变速器之前往往有液力变矩器配合使 用, 无需切断发动机动力即可进行换挡, 但传动效率低; 该型行 星齿轮变速器的一个行星排的相关组件与另外一个行星排的相关 组件的相互连接、 嵌套, 从而导致整个变速器结构非常复杂, 布 置困难, 给制造和维修带来极大的困难, 尤其是齿圏的加工无法 采用滚齿的加工方法, 因此加工的效率低, 精度差、 成本较高。 发明内容
本发明的目的是, 提供一种新型的行星齿轮机构 它取消了 传统行星齿轮传动机构中的齿圏, 也避免了行星排与行星排相关 组件之间复杂的嵌套, 由此消除了行星齿轮机构相关组件的复杂 结构与加工困难的缺点, 并且通过一个行星齿轮机构最多能够提 供三种传动比。 本发明还提供一种包括该行星齿轮机构的机械变 速器- 按本发明的行星齿轮机构, 包括输入太阳轮总成、 至少一个 行星轮总成、 行星架总成和输出太阳轮总成, 所述输入太阳轮总 成、 行星架总成和输出太阳轮总成具有重合的旋转轴线并且任两 者之间能相对转动, 所述行星架总成和 /或输出太阳轮总成能被固 定而且所述行星架总成和输出太阳轮总成只能择一地被固定, 并 且所述输入太阳轮总成、 行星架总成和输出太阳轮总成中的任两 者能被彼此锁定, 在此所述锁定和固定只能择一地进行, 其中, 所述行星轮总成绕其轴线可旋转地安装于所述行星架总成上, 每 个所述行星轮总成包括两个行星轮, 这两个行星轮通过轴连接在 一起以同轴和同步旋转, 并且所述两个行星轮中的一个行星轮与 输入太阳轮总成的输入太阳轮相啮合而另一个行星轮与输出太阳 轮总成的输出太阳轮相啮合, 所述输入太阳轮总成构成行星齿轮 机构的输入端, 所述输出太阳轮总成或者行星架总成构成行星齿 轮机构的输出端。
根据本发明 行星齿轮机构的优选实施方式, 所述行星齿轮 机构包括用于对行星架总成进行剩动的行星架制动机构和 /或用 于对输出太阳轮总成进行制动的输出太阳轮制动机构, 以固定行 星架总成或输出太阳轮总成。
根据本发明的行星齿轮机构的优选实施方式, 所述行星齿轮 机构包括锁止机构, 该锁止机构安装于所述输入太阳轮总成、 所 述输出太阳轮总成以及所述行星架总成的任两者之间用于将这两 者相互锁定, 以实现被锁定的两者同步旋转。
根据本发明的行星齿轮机构的优选实施方式, 所述输入太阳 轮总成的中心轴作为行星齿轮机构的输入端, 所述输出太阳轮总 成的中心轴或者行星架总成的与输出太阳轮总成中心轴同心的行 星架输出轴作为行星齿轮机构的输出端。
根据本发明的行星齿轮机构的优选实施方式, 所迷行星架制 动机构和输出太阳轮制动机构及锁止机构只能择一地起作用。
根据本发明的行星齿轮机构的优选实施方式, 所述行星架总 成包括行星架和制动鼓, 所述行星架和所述制动鼓分别具有一个 中心孔并且固定连接在一起形成一中空结构, 所述输入太阳轮总 成的太阳轮、 所述行星轮总成和所述输出太阳轮总成的太阳轮容 纳于该中空结构中, 所述输入太阳轮总成的中心轴和所述输出太 阳轮总成的中心轴分别从行星架和制动鼓的相应中心孔中向外伸 出。 根据本发明的行星齿轮机构的优选实施方式, 所述行星架总 成包括行星架和制动鼓, 所述行星架和所述制动鼓固定连接在一 起形成一中空结构; 所述输入太阳轮总成的太阳轮和所述行星轮 总成容纳于该中空结枸中; 所述制动鼓具有一个中心孔, 所述输 入太阳轮总成的中心轴从所述制动鼓的中心孔中向外伸出; 所述 行星架的中央部向所述制动鼓的方向凹陷, 在凹陷部位的中央向 远离所述制动鼓的方向伸出行星架总成的行星架输出轴; 所述输 出太阳轮总成具有另一中心孔, 使得所述输出太阳轮总成的中心 轴可旋转地套置于所述行星架输出轴上, 并且所述输出太阳轮总 成的太阳轮容纳于所述行星架的凹陷部位; 在所述行星架凹陷部 位的圆周上开有径向通孔, 所述行星轮总成的与所述输出太阳轮 总成的太阳轮啮合的行星轮分别通过一个所述径向通孔与所述输 出太阳轮总成的太阳轮啮合。 这种结构有利于在所述输出太阳轮 总成的外露部分上加装制动机构。
根据本发明的行星齿轮机构的优选实施方式, 所述行星架制 动机构和 /或所述输出太阳轮制动机构采用制动带或者离合器的 形式。 按本发明的机械变速器, 包括壳体和一个或更多个上述的行 星齿轮机构, 所述行星齿轮机构的行星架总成和 /或输出太阳轮总 成相对于变速器的壳体能被固定; 在机械变速器包括仅一个行星 齿轮机构的情况下, 该行星齿轮机构的输入端构成变速器的输入 端, 该行星齿轮机构的输出端构成变速器的输出端; 或者, 在机 械变速器包括多个行星齿轮机构的情况下, 这些行星齿轮机构彼 此串联,其中第一级行星齿轮机构的输入端构成变速器的输入端, 最后一级行星齿轮机构的输出端构成变速器的输出端, 前一级行 星齿轮机构的输出端与紧接的后一级行星齿轮机构的输入端相 连。
按本发明的机械变速器的优选实施方式, 所述变速器包括两 级行星齿轮机构, 其中, 第一级行星齿轮机构的行星架总成相对 于变速器的壳体能被固定, 第一级行星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总 成与其行星架总成能被相互锁定, 并且第一级行星齿轮机构的输 出太阳轮总成的中心轴构成第一级行星齿轮机构的输出端; 第二 级行星齿轮机构的行星架总成或输出太阳轮总成相对于变速器的 壳体能被固定, 第二级行星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总成与其行星 架总成能被相互锁定, 第二级行星齿轮机构的输入太阳轮总成的 中心轴与第一级行星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总成的中心轴相连, 并且第二级行星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总成的中心轴和其行星架 总成的行星架输出轴构成第二级行星齿轮机构的两个输出端, 并 且这两个输出端通过输出转换器与变速器的输出轴总成相连。
按本发明的机械变速器的优选实施方式, 所述变速器包括三 个行星齿轮机构, 其中, 第一级行星齿轮机构的行星架总成相对 于变速器的壳体能被固定, 第一级行星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总 成与其行星架总成能被相互锁定, 并且第一级行星齿轮机构的输 出太阳轮总成的中心轴构成第一级行星齿轮机构的输出端; 中间 的行星齿轮机构的行星架总成相对于变速器的壳体能被固定, 中 间的行星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总成与其行星架总成能被相互锁 定, 中间的行星齿轮机构的输入太阳轮总成的中心轴与第一级行 星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总成的中心轴相连, 并且中间的行星齿 轮机构的输出太阳轮总成的中心轴构成中间的行星齿轮机构的输 出端; 并且, 最后一级行星齿轮机构的行星架总成或输出太阳轮 总成相对于变速器的壳体能被固定, 最后一级行星齿轮机构的输 出太阳轮总成与其行星架总成能被相互锁定, 最后一级行星齿轮 机构的输入太阳轮总成的中心轴与中间的行星齿轮机构的输出太 阳轮总成的中心轴相连, 并且最后一级行星齿轮机构的输出太阳 轮总成的中心轴和行星架总成的行星架输出轴构成最后一级行星 齿轮机构的两个输出端, 并且这两个输出端通过输出转换器与变 速器的输出轴总成相连。
根据本发明的机械变速器的优选实施方式, 在最后一级行星 齿轮机构与所述变速器的输出轴总成之间设有输出转换离合器作 为输出转换器, 所述输出转换离合器包括主动部分和从动部分, 所述输出转换离合器的主动部分分为两个部分: 第一主动部分和 第二主动部分, 所述第一主动部分与最后一级行 4齿轮机构的输 出太阳轮总成的中心轴连接且同步旋转, 第二主动部分与最后一 级行星齿轮机构的行星架输出轴连接且同步旋转; 所述输出转换 离合器的从动部分分为两个部分: 一从动部分和第二从动部分, 所述第一从动部分与所述第一主动部分形成可传递力矩的摩擦 副, 所述第二从动部分与所述第二主动部分形成可传递力矩的摩 擦副, 所述第一从动部分和所述第二从动部分均与所述变速器输 出轴总成连接且同步旋转。
根据本发明的机械变速器的优选实施方式, 输出转换器包括 一个在最后一级行星齿轮机构的行星架输出轴上设置的行星架输 出花键、 一个在最后一级行星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总成的中心 轴上设置的太阳轮输出花键以及一个可沿轴向滑动的接合套, 所 述接合套内孔的两端分别设有第一花键和第二花键, 所述接合套 的第一花键可与所述太阳轮输出花键啮合, 也可与所述行星架输 出花键啮合, 但不能与所述太阳轮输出花键和所述行星架输出花 键同时啮合; 所述接合套的第二花键与变速器的输出轴总成上的 花键始终处于啮合状态。
作为本发明机械变速器的一种优选实施方案, 它包含两级或 者两级以上串联的所述行星齿轮机构; 这些所述行星齿轮机构的 尺寸参数可以相同, 也可以不同; 在串联的各级所述行星齿轮机 构中, 所述输入太阳轮总成的中心轴作为输入部分, 所述输出太 阳轮总成的中心轴作为输出部分; 前一级的所述行星齿轮机构的 输出部分与后一级的所述行星齿轮机构的输入部分相连。
在本发明的所述行星齿轮机构中, 不仅所述输出太阳轮的中 心轴总成可以作为输出部分, 而且所述行星架的输出轴也可以作 为输出部分, 这对于串联的所述行星齿轮机构的最后一级尤为重 要。 对于同时具有所述行星架制动机构和所述输出太阳轮制动机 构的行星齿轮机构来说, 所述行星架制动机构和所述输出太阳轮 制动机构交替工作, 所述输出太阳轮总成的中心轴和所迷行星架 的输出轴将交替作为输出部分, 这样可以使该类型的行星齿轮机 构发挥更多的功能。 当以所述输出太阳轮总成的中心轴作为输出 端并且所述行星机构为减速机构(输入太阳轮中心轴转速 /输出太 阳轮中心轴转速 =i>l ) , 则满足这样条件的所述行星机构可以达 到: 当所述行星架制动机构起作用时 (与此同时所述输出太阳轮 制动机构不起作用,并且所述锁止机构不起作用) , 所述行星架总 成相对于所述壳体无转动, 此时动力由所述输出太阳轮总成的中 心轴向外正转输出; 当所述输出太阳轮制动机构起作用时 (与此 同时所述行星架制动机构不起作用, 并且所述锁止机构不起作 用) , 所述输出太阳轮总成相对于所述壳体无转动, 此时动力由 所述行星架的输出轴向外反转输出。
为了配合所述输出太阳轮总成的正转输出和所述行星架输出 轴的反转输出, 两种工况均通过所述变速器输出轴总成来向外输 出, 可以采用如下方式: 在所述行星齿轮机构与所述变速器的输 出轴总成之间设有输出转换离合器, 所述输出转换离合器包括主 动部分和从动部分, 所述输出转换离合器的主动部分分为两个部 分: 第一主动部分和第二主动部分, 所述第一主动部分与所述输 出太阳轮总成的中心轴连接且同步旋转, 第二主动部分与所述行 星架的输出轴连接且同步旋转; 所述输出转换离合器的从动部分 分为两个部分: 第一从动部分和第二从动部分, 所述第一从动部 分与所述第一主动部分形成可传递力矩的摩擦副, 所述第二从动 部分与所述第二主动部分形成可传递力矩的摩擦副, 所述第一从 动部分和所述第二从动部分均与所述变速器的输出轴总成连接且 同步旋转。 这样, 动力若由所述输出太阳轮总成向外输出, 则输 出转换离合器的第一主动部分和第一从动部分接合, 动力从所述 输出太阳轮总成传递到所述变速器输出轴总成; 动力若由所述行 星架输出轴向外输出, 则输出转换离合器的第二主动部分和第二 从动部分接合, 动力从所述行星架输出轴传递到所述变速器输出 轴总成。
为了配合所述输出太阳轮总成的正转输出和所述行星架输出 轴的反转输出,两种工况均通过所述变速器输出轴总成向外输出, 还可以采用如下方式, 即: 在所述行星架总成的输出轴上设有花 键, 称为行星架输出花键, 在所述输出太阳轮总成的中心轴上设 有花键, 称为太阳轮输出花键, 另有一接合套可以沿轴向滑动, 所述接合套内孔的两端分别设有花键, 所述接合套一端的花键可 以与所述太阳轮输出花键啮合, 也可以与所述行星架输出花键啮 合, 但不会与所述太阳轮输出花键和所述行星架输出花键同时啮 合, 所述接合套另一端的花键与变速器输出轴总成上的花键始终 处于啮合状态。 这样, 动力不论由所述输出太阳轮总成的中心轴 向外输出, 还是由所述行星架的输出轴向外输出, 均可通过所述 接合套与所述变速器的输出轴总成向外输出。
安装于所述输入太阳轮总成、 所述输出太阳轮总成以及所述 行星架总成的任两者之间的所述锁止机构可以是单向离合器, 也 可以是普通离合器, 六种情况分别具体描述如下: 一、 安装于所述输出太阳轮总成与所述行星架总成之间的所 述锁止机构为单向离合器, 所述单向离合器包括内圏和外圏, 所 述内圏和所述外圏两者中之一与所述输出太阳轮总成相连, 所述 内圏和所述外圏两者中另一与所述行星架总成相连; 此时, 所述 输出太阳轮总成作为输出端并且所述行星齿轮机构为增速机构
(输入太阳轮中心轴转速 /输出太阳轮中心轴转速 =i<l ) , 所述输 出太阳轮总成相对于所述行星架总成只能向所述输入太阳轮总成 转动的方向转动, 若向相反的方向转动, 则单向离合器进入锁止 状态, 处于锁止状态的所述输出太阳轮总成与所述行星架总成同 步旋转。
二、 安装于所述输入太阳轮总成与所述行星架总成之间的所 述锁止机构为单向离合器, 所述单向离合器包括内圏和外圏, 所 述内圏和所述外圈两者中之一与所述输入太 I1曰轮总成相连, 所述 内圏和所述外圏两者中另一与所述行星架总成相连; 此时, 所述 输出太阳轮总成作为输出端并且所述行星齿轮机构为增速机构
(输入太阳轮中心轴转速 /输出太阳轮中心轴转速 =i<l ) , 所述输 入太阳轮总成相对于所述行星架总成只能向所述输入太阳轮总成 转动的方向转动, 若向相反的方向转动, 则单向离合器进入锁止 状态, 处于锁止状态的所述输入太阳轮总成与所述行星架总成同 步旋转。
三、 安装于所述输入太阳轮总成与所述输出太阳轮总成之间 的所述锁止机构为单向离合器,所述单向离合器包括内圏和外圈, 所述内圏和所述外圏两者中之一与所述输入太阳轮总成相连, 所 述内圈和所述外圏两者中另一与所述输出太阳轮总成相连;此时, 所述输出太阳轮总成作为输出端并且所述行星齿轮机构为增速机 构 (输入太阳轮中心轴转速 /输出太阳轮中心轴转速 =i<l ) , 所述 输出太阳轮总成相对于所述输入太阳轮总成只能向所述输入太阳 轮总成转动的方向转动, 若向相反的方向转动, 则单向离合器进 入锁止状态, 处于锁止状态的所述输入太阳轮总成与所述输出太 阳轮总成同步旋转。
四、 安装于所述输出太阳轮总成与所述行星架总成之间的所 述锁止机构为普通离合器, 所述普通离合器包括两部分: 主动部 分和从动部分, 所述主动部分与所述行星架总成连接, 所述从动 部分与所述输出太阳轮总成连接。 当所述普通离合器的主动部分 和从动部分处于分离状态时, 所述输出太阳轮总成相对于所述行 星架总成可以正向转动, 也可以反向转动; 当所述普通离合器的 主动部分和从动部分接合后, 所述输出太阳轮总成与所述行星架 总成同步旋转, 从而整个行星齿轮机构一体转动。
五、 安装于所述输入太阳轮总成与所述行星架总成之间的所 述锁止机构为普通离合器, 所述普通离合器包括两部分: 主动部 分和从动部分, 所述主动部分与所述输入太阳轮总成连接, 所述 从动部分与所述行星架总成连接。 当所述普通离合器的主动部分 和从动部分处于分离状态时, 所述输入太阳轮总成相对于所述行 星架总成可以正向转动, 也可以反向转动; 当所述普通离合器的 主动部分和从动部分接合后, 所述输入太阳轮总成与所述行星架 总成同步旋转, 从而整个行星齿轮机构一体转动。
六、 安装于所述输入太阳轮总成与所述输出太阳轮总成之间 的所述锁止机构为普通离合器, 所述普通离合器包括两部分: 主 动部分和从动部分, 所述主动部分与所述输入太阳轮总成连接, 所述从动部分与所述输出太阳轮总成连接。 当所述普通离合器的 主动部分和从动部分处于分离状态时, 所述输入太阳轮总成相对 于所述输出太阳轮总成可以正向转动, 也可以反向转动; 当所述 普通离合器的主动部分和从动部分接合后, 所述输入太阳轮总成 与所述输出太阳轮总成同步旋转, 从而整个行星齿轮机构一体转 动。
当所述行星架制动机构起作用时, 与此同时, 所述输出太阳 轮制动机构和所述锁止机构不起作用, 所述行星架总成与所述壳 体之间无相对转动, 此时动力由所述输入太阳轮总成→所述行星 轮总成→所述输出太阳轮总成,整个机构的传动比为 i (输入太阳 轮中心轴转速 /输出太阳轮中心轴转 ; 当所述输出太阳轮制 动机构和行星架制动机构不起作用时, 与此同时, 所述锁止机构 起作用, 与所述锁止机构相连的部分可以实现同步旋转, 从而整 个机构将作为一个整体旋转, 整个机构的传动比为 1 ; 由于每级 所述行星齿轮机构具有两个正传动比 i和 1,若有 2级所述行星齿 轮机构串联, 则总的前进挡位数为: 2x2=4挡, 若有 3级所述行 星齿轮机构串联, 则总的前进挡位数为: 2x2x2=8挡, 若有 4级 所述行星齿轮机构串联, 前进挡位数将大幅度增加为:
2x2x2x2=16挡, 因此, 若有 n级所述行星齿轮机构串联, 则总的 前进挡位数为: 2n
一般来说, 对于负传动比 (即倒挡) , 只需要在串联的各级 行星齿轮机构中的某一级, 比如最后一级, 采用包含输出太阳轮 制动机构的行星齿轮机构,这样变速器的前进挡的最大数量为 2n, 倒挡的最大数量都为 2n 。 当然, 虽然比如 3级行星齿轮机构串 联而成的变速器能够提供 8个前进挡位数, 4个倒退挡位数, 但 是在具体实施时可以根据需要不采用其中的一些挡位, 例如根据 情况需要不采用第 8个前进挡, 则能够得到的前进挡为 7个, 倒 挡为 4个, 因此能够得到总的挡位数为 11个, 其中, 对于比如小 轿车, 倒挡只需要 1个, 因此总的实用挡位数为 8个 (7个前进 档和 1个倒挡) ; 而对于比如矿山机械, 则实际上根据需要会采 用多个倒挡。
综上所述, 本发明的行星齿轮机构相较于其他变速器的行星 齿轮机构, 其主要特点是:
一、 整个所述行星齿轮机构没有设置齿圏, 每一套所述行星 齿轮机构设有两个太阳轮、 至少一个行星轮总成、 行星架, 所述 行星轮总成的两个行星轮分别与其中一个太阳轮相啮合;
二、 对于装有所述行星架制动机构和所述锁止机构的每个所 述行星齿轮机构来说, 能够实现两个正传动比 i (输入太阳轮中心 轴转速 /输出太阳轮中心轴转速 =0 和 1; 通过简单地操纵行星齿 轮机构的制动机构和锁止机构, 实现在传动比 i和 1之间进行换 挡;
三、 若多级所述行星齿轮机构串联, 相互之间的连接方式比 较简单, 前一级的所述行星齿轮机构的输出部分与后一级的所述 行星齿轮机构的输入部分相连; 因此能够简单地串联多级行星齿 轮机构而实现多挡的变速器, 并且通过简单地操纵各级行星齿轮 机构的制动机构和锁止机构, 实现在多挡之间进行换挡。
四、 对于同时具有所述行星架制动机构和所述输出太阳轮制 动机构的行星齿轮机构来说,
1 )在行星架制动机构起作用同时输出太阳轮制动机构和锁止 机构不起作用的情况下, 此时所述输出太阳轮总成的中心轴作为 输出端, 能够实现所述输出太阳轮总成向外正转输出, 即, 正传 动比 i (输入太阳轮中心轴转速 /输出太阳轮中心轴转速=0 , 这 相当于一种定轴式的齿轮变速器; 当 i>l 时行星齿轮机构为减速 机构, i<l时行星齿轮机构为增速机构;
2 )在锁止机构起作用同时输出太阳轮制动机构和行星架制动 机构不起作用的情况下, 此时所述输出太阳轮总成的中心轴作为 输出端, 能够实现所述输出太阳轮总成向外正转输出, 即, 正传 动比 1 (输入太阳轮中心轴转速 =输出太阳轮中心轴转速) , 行星 齿轮机构为等速机构; 3 )在输出太阳轮制动机构起作用同时锁止机构和行星架制动 机构不起作用的情况下, 此时所述行星架总成的中心轴作为输出 端, 实现的转速比为: 输入太阳轮总成中心轴转速 /行星架总成输 出轴转速 =l-i, 在这里 i为第 1 )种情况中行星架齿轮机构为定轴 式齿轮变速器时的 i, 即, 当 1时(定轴式行星齿轮机构为减速 机构) , 能够实现所述行星架输出轴向外反转输出, 即倒挡; 当 i<l 时 (定轴式行星齿轮机构为增速机构) , 能够实现所述行星 架输出轴向外正转输出。
按照本发明提供的机械变速器, 相对于现有技术具有如下优 点:
由于取消了齿圏以及由于本发明的行星齿轮机构串联方式简 单, 给行星齿轮机构的加工和布置带来了极大的方便, 从而使得 本发明的变速器结构简单, 成本低, 易于通过串联多级行星齿轮 机构而实现较多挡位; 另外, 本发明提供的机械变速器操纵机构 简单, 换挡过程中可以实现动力不中断。 附图说明
下面结合附图示出的实施例, 对本发明的特征和优点作进一 步的详细说明。 其中:
图 1为一种定轴式变速器结构示意图;
图 2a为一种行星齿轮机构的基本结构示意图;
图 2b为一种传统的行星齿轮机构变速器的结构示意图; 图 3a为本发明机械变速器的一种实施例的基本结构示意图; 图 3b、 3c显示与图 3a类似的实施例;
图 4a本发明机械变速器的另一种实施例的基本结构示意图; 图 4b、 4c显示与图 4a类似的实施例;
图 5为本发明的包括两个行星机构的机械变速器的实施例的 基本结构示意图;
图 6为本发明的包括三个行星机构的机械变速器的一种实施 例的基本结构示意图; 以及
图 7为本发明的包括三个行星机构的机械变速器的另一种实 施例的基本结构示意图。 具体实施方式
图 3a 示出本发明的机械变速器的一种实施例的基本结构示 意图, 它包括行星齿轮机构 A、 壳体 C, 还包括能够实现所述行 星齿轮机构 A的相关组件与所述壳体 C之间无相对转动的制动机 构, 即在所述行星架总成 4和所述壳体 C之间安装的用于实现所 述行星架总成 4与壳体之间无相对转动的制动机构, 称为行星架 制动机构 B 所述行星齿轮机构 A包括输入太阳轮总成 1、 输出 太阳轮总成 3、 两个围绕输入太阳轮总成 1和输出太阳轮总成 3 设置的行星轮总成 2、 行星架总成 4和锁止机构 5。 在这里, 也可 以设置三个或其它数量(比如一个或四个) 的行星轮总成 2, 这 些行星轮总成 2围绕输入太阳轮总成 1和输出太阳轮总成 3的圆 周优选均勾地分布。 所述输入太阳轮总成 1、 所述行星架总成 4 以及所述输出太阳轮总成 3的旋转轴线重合并且任两者之间可以 相对转动。 所述行星轮总成 2包括行星轮 21和行星轮 22, 这两 个行星轮通过轴连接在一起以同轴、 同步旋转, 所述行星轮总成 2绕其轴线可旋转地安装于所述行星架总成 4上。 所述输入太阳 轮总成 1的太阳轮 11与所述行星轮总成 2的一个行星轮 21啮合, 所述输出太阳轮总成 3的太阳轮 31与所述行星轮总成 2的另一个 行星轮 22啮合。 所述锁止机构 5安装于所述输出太阳轮总成 3 和所述行星架总成 4之间用于将这两者相互锁定, 以实现两者的 同步旋转。 在图 3a所示的实施例中, 输入太阳轮 11的中心轴 12 构成输入端, 而输出太阳轮 31的中心轴 32构成输出端。 当以所 述输出太阳轮总成 3作为输出时, 若所述行星齿轮机构 A为增速 机构, 则整个行星齿轮机构具有两个正传动比 i和 1, 所谓正传动 比表示输出端的旋转方向与输入端的旋转方向相同;与此对应地, 负传动比表示输出端的旋转方向与输入端的旋转方向相反。
如图 3a所示,安装于所述输出太阳轮总成 3与所述行星架总 成 4之间的所述锁止机构 5为单向离合器 5a,所述单向离合器 5a 包括内圏 5a,和外圈 5a2, 所述内圏 5 1与所述输出太阳轮总成 3 相连, 所述外圈 5a2与所述行星架总成 4相连; 所述输出太阳轮 总成 3相对于所述行星架总成 4只能向输入太阳轮总成转动的方 向转动, 若向相反方向转动, 则单向离合器进入锁止状态, 处于 锁止状态的所述输出太阳轮总成 3与所述行星架总成 4同步旋转, 从而整个所述行星齿轮机构 A—体转动。
如图 3a所示,所述行星架总成 4包括行星架 41和制动鼓 42, 两者中央均设有一孔, 所述行星架 41和所述制动鼓 42固定连接 在一起形成一中空结构, 所述输入太阳轮总成 1的太阳轮 11、 所 述行星轮总成 2和所述输出太阳轮总成 3的太阳轮 31容纳于该中 空结构中,所述输入太阳轮总成 1的中心轴 12和所述输出太阳轮 总成 3的中心轴 32分别从所述制动鼓 42和所述行星架 41中央的 相应孔中向外伸出。
图 3b所示的实施例与图 3a的实施例类似, 当以所述输出太 阳轮总成 3作为输出时, 所述行星齿轮机构 A也是增速机构, 区 别主要在于, 锁止机构 5设置在输入太阳轮总成 1与行星架总成 4之间, 使得输入太阳轮总成 1与行星架总成 4能彼此锁定。 当 然, 将锁止机构 5设置在输入太阳轮总成 1与输出太阳轮总成 3 之间也是可以考虑的, 如图 3c 中所示, 使得输入太阳轮总成 1 与输出太阳轮总成 3能彼此锁定。 图 4a 示出本发明的机械变速器的另一种实施例的基本结构 示意图, 它包括行星齿轮机构 A、 壳体 C, 还包括能够实现所迷 行星齿轮机构 A的相关组件与所述壳体 C之间无相对转动的制动 机构, 即在所述行星架总成 4和所述壳体 C之间安装的用于实现 所述行星架总成 4与壳体之间无相对转动的制动机构, 称为行星 架制动机构 Bc, 和 /或在所述输出太阳轮总成 3和所述壳体 C之 间安装的用于实现所述输出太阳轮总成 3与壳体之间无相对转动 的制动机构, 称为输出太阳轮制动机构 Bs。 所述行星齿轮机构 A 包括输入太阳轮总成 1、输出太阳轮总成 3、 多个围绕输入太阳轮 总成 1和输出太阳轮总成 3设置的行星轮总成 2、 行星架总成 4 和锁止机构 5。 所述输入太阳轮总成 1、所述行星架总成 4以及所 述输出太阳轮总成 3的旋转轴线重合并且任两者之间可以相对转 动。 所述行星轮总成 2包括行星轮 21和行星轮 22, 两行星轮通 过轴连接在一起以同轴、 同步旋转, 所述行星轮总成 2绕其轴线 可旋转地安装于所述行星架总成 4上。 所述输入太阳轮总成 1的 太阳轮 11与所述行星轮总成 2的一个行星轮 21啮合, 所述输出 太阳轮总成 3的太阳轮 31与所述行星轮总成 2的另一个行星轮 22啮合。 所述锁止机构 5安装于所述输出太阳轮总成 3和所述行 星架总成 4之间用于将这两者相互锁定,以实现两者的同步旋转。
如图 4a所示,安装于所述输出太阳轮总成 3与所述行星架总 成 4之间的所述锁止机构 5为普通离合器 5b,所述普通离合器 5b 包括两部分: 主动部分 51^和从动部分 5b2, 所述主动部分 51>1与 所述行星架总成 4连接, 所述从动部分 5b2与所述输出太阳轮总 成 3连接。 当所述普通离合器 5b的主动部分 5b,和从动部分 5b2 处于分离状态时, 所述输出太阳轮总成 3相对于所述行星架总成 4可以正向转动, 也可以反向转动; 当所述普通离合器 5b的主动 部分 5b,和从动部分 51>2接合后, 所述输出太阳轮总成 3与所述 行星架总成 4同步旋转,从而整个所述行星齿轮机构 A—体转动。 如图 4a所示,所述行星架总成 4包括行星架 41和制动鼓 42, 两者固定连接在一起形成一中空结构; 所述输入太阳轮总成 1的 太阳轮 11和所述行星轮总成 2容纳于该中空结构中。在所述制动 鼓 42中央设有一孔, 所述输入太阳轮总成 1的中心轴 12从所述 制动鼓 42中央的孔中向外伸出。 所述行星架 41的中央部向所述 制动鼓 42的方向凹陷, 在凹陷部位的中央向远离所述制动鼓 42 的方向伸出一输出轴, 称为行星架输出轴 43。 所述输出太阳轮总 成 3中央设有一孔, 通过该孔, 所述输出太阳轮总成 3的中心轴 32可旋转地套置于所述行星架输出轴 43上, 并且所述输出太阳 轮总成 3的太阳轮 31容纳于所述行星架 41的凹陷部位; 在所述 行星架 41凹陷部位的圆周上开有若干径向通孔,所述行星轮总成 2的行星轮 22分别通过一个径向通孔与所述输出太阳轮总成 3的 太阳轮 31啮合。上述结构有利于在所述输出太阳轮总成 3的外露 部分上加装制动机构。
如图 4a所示, 当以所述输出太阳轮总成 3作为输出时, 若所 述行星齿轮机构 A为减速机构,则整个所述行星齿轮机构 A根据 不同情况具有两个正传动比 i和 1, 以及一个反转传动比 iR。 当所 述行星架制动机构 Bc起作用时(与此同时, 所述锁止机构 5和输 出太阳轮制动机构 Bs不起作用), 所述行星架总成 4与所述壳体 C之间无相对转动, 此时动力的传递路径为: 所述输入太阳轮总 成 1→所述行星轮总成 2→所述输出太阳轮总成 3, 整个机构的传 动比为 i; 当所述锁止机构 5起作用时(与此同时, 所述行星架制 动机构 Bc和输出太阳轮制动机构 Bs不起作用 ) , 与之相连的所 述输出太阳轮总成 3和所述行星架总成 4同步旋转, 从而整个所 述行星齿轮机构 A将作为一个整体旋转,整个机构的传动比为 1; 当输出太阳轮制动机构 Bs起作用, 与此同时, 所述行星架制动机 构 Bc和锁止机构 5不起作用时, 通过行星架输出轴 43以负传动 比 iR实现输出。
如图 4a所示, 当以所述输出太阳轮总成 3作为输出时, 若所 述行星齿轮机构 A为增速机构,则整个所述行星齿轮机构 A根据 不同情况具有三个正传动比 i,、 i2和 1。 当所述行星架制动机构 Bc起作用时(与此同时, 所述锁止机构 5和输出太阳轮制动机构 Bs不起作用),所述行星架总成 4与所述壳体 C之间无相对转动, 此时动力的传递路径为: 所述输入太阳轮总成 1→所述行星轮总 成 2→所述输出太阳轮总成 3, 整个机构的传动比为 i ; 当输出太 阳轮制动机构 Bs起作用, 与此同时, 所述行星架制动机构 Bc和 锁止机构 5不起作用时,通过行星架输出釉 43以传动比 i2实现输 出; 当所述锁止机构 5起作用时 (与此同时, 所述行星架制动机 构 Bc和输出太阳轮制动机构 Bs不起作用) , 与之相连的所述输 出太阳轮总成 3和所述行星架总成 4同步旋转, 从而整个所述行 星齿轮机构 A将作为一个整体旋转, 整个机构的传动比为 1。
图 4b显示与图 4a类似的实施例, 区别主要在于, 锁止机构 5设置在输入太阳轮总成 1与行星架总成 4之间, 使得输入太阳 轮总成 1与行星架总成 4能被彼此锁定。 当然, 将锁止机构 5设 置在输入太阳轮总成 1与输出太阳轮总成 3之间也是可以考虑的, 如图 4c中所示,使得输入太阳轮总成 1与输出太阳轮总成 3能被 彼此锁定。 在此, 按照图 4a、 4b所示的实施例的行星齿轮机构 A 具有双输出端, 即输出太阳轮总成的中心轴 32 和行星架输出轴 43。
不言而喻, 在图 4a、 4b、 4c的实施例中的普通离合器也可应 用在图 3a、 3b、 3c所示的实施例中, 反之亦然。
如图 5所示, 所述变速器包括两个行星齿轮机构 A,、 A2, 其 中, 以所述输出太阳轮的中心轴作为输出端, 第一级行星齿轮机 构 A,为增速机构, 采用图 3a所示类型的行星齿轮机构。 通过行 星架制动机构 Be, 所述行星架总成 4相对于变速器的壳体 C能 被固定。 第一级行星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总成 3与其行星架总 成 4之间安装单向离合器 5a, 以便能够将这两者相互锁定。 第一 级行星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总成的中心轴构成第一级行星齿轮 机构的输出端;
以所述输出太阳轮的中心轴作为输出端, 第二级行星齿轮机 构八2为减速机构, 采用图 4a所示类型的行星齿轮机构。 通过行 星架制动机构 Be或者输出太阳轮制动机构 Bs, 第二级行星齿轮 机构 A2的行星架总成 4或输出太阳轮总成 3相对于变速器的壳体 C能被固定。第二级行星齿轮机构 A2的输出太阳轮总成 3与其行 星架总成 4之间采用普通离合器 5b,以便能够将这两者相互锁定。 第二级行星齿轮机构 A2的输入太阳轮总成的中心轴与第一级行 星齿轮机构 的输出太阳轮总成的中心轴相连,并且第二级行星 齿轮机构 A2的输出太阳轮总成的中心轴和行星架总成的行星架 输出轴构成第二级行星齿轮机构 A2的两个输出端,并且这两个输 出端通过输出转换器与变速器的输出轴总成 8相连。
如图 6和图 7所示, 所述的机械变速器包含三级串联的所述 行星齿轮机构 A, 从前到后分别称为行星齿轮机构 Ap 行星齿轮 机构 A2、 行星齿轮机构 A3, 三个所述行星齿轮机构 A的尺寸参 数、 传动比等可以不同, 也可以相同。
在图 6和 7所示的实施例中, 行星齿轮机构 ,和 A2对应于 图 3a的实施例, 而行星齿轮机构 A3对应于图 4a的实施例。 不言 而喻, 不同行星齿轮机构的其它组合方式也是可以考虑的。 以所 述输出太阳轮总成作为输出, 所述行星齿轮机构八,和 A2为增速 机构, 其锁止机构均为单向离合器 5a; 以所述输出太阳轮总成作 为输出, 所述行星齿轮机构 A3为减速机构, 其锁止机构为普通离 合器 5b; 在串联的各级所述行星齿轮机构 A中, 所述输入太阳轮 总成 1的中心轴 12为输入部分,所述输出太阳轮总成 3的中心轴 32为输出部分;前一级的所述行星齿轮机构 A的输出部分与后一 级的所述行星齿轮机构 A的输入部分相连。 由于每级所述行星齿 轮机构 A具有两个正传动比 i和 1, 因此三级所述行星齿轮机构 串联的前进挡位数为: 2x2x2=8挡。
在本实施例中, 对于串联的最后一级所述行星齿轮机构 A3 来说,不仅所述输出太阳轮总成 3的中心轴 32可以作为输出部分, 而且所述行星架的输出轴 43也可以作为输出部分,例如用于构成 倒挡 (如图 6和图 7所示) 。 对于同时具有所述行星架制动机构 Bc和所述输出太阳轮制动机构 Bs的所述行星齿轮机构 A3来说, 所述行星架制动机构 Bc和所述输出太阳轮制动机构 Bs择一地工 作, 以使所述输出太阳轮总成 3的中心轴和所述行星架的输出轴 43分别作为输出部分, 这样可以使该类型的行星齿轮机构发挥更 多的功能, 通过合理的设计可以达到: 当所述行星架制动机构 Bc 起作用时(与此同时所述输出太阳轮制动机构 Bs和锁止机构 5不 起作用) , 所述行星架总成 4相对于所述壳体 C无转动, 此时动 力由所述输出太阳轮总成 3的中心轴向外正转输出, 提供正传动 比 i; 当所述输出太阳轮制动机构 Bs起作用时 (与此同时所述行 星架制动机构 Bc和锁止机构 5不起作用), 所述输出太阳轮总成 3相对于所述壳体 C无转动, 此时动力由所述行星架的输出轴 43 向外输出, 提供传动比 iR ( iR=l-i, 其中, 当 i<l 时, 传动比 iR 为正值, 动力由所述行星架的输出轴 43向外正转输出; 而当 i>l 时, 传动比 ^为负值, 形成倒挡, 动力由所述行星架的输出轴 43 向外反转输出) ; 当所述锁止机构 5起作用时 (与此同时所述行 星架制动机构 Bc和输出太阳轮制动机构 Bs不起作用) , 整个行 星齿轮机构一起转动, 提供正传动比 1。 为了配合所述输出太阳轮总成 3的中心轴 32的正转输出和所 述行星架的输出轴 43的正或反转输出,两种工况均通过所述变速 器输出轴总成 8来向外输出, 可以采用如图 6所示的方式: 在所 述行星齿轮机构 A 3与所述变速器输出轴总成 8之间设有构成为输 出转换离合器 7的输出转换器, 所述输出转换离合器 7包括主动 部分 7a和从动部分 7b, 所述输出转换离合器 7的主动部分 7a分 为两个部分: 第一主动部分 7 1和第二主动部分 7a2, 所述第一主 动部分 7ai与所述输出太阳轮总成 3的中心轴 32连接且同步旋转, 第二主动部分 7 与所述行星架的输出轴 43连接且同步旋转; 所 述输出转换离合器 7的从动部分 7b也分为两个部分:第一从动部 分 7b,和第二从动部分 7b2, 所述第一从动部分 7b,与所述第一主 动部分 7a,形成可传递力矩的摩擦副,所述第二从动部分 7b2与所 述第二主动部分 7a2形成可传递力矩的摩擦副, 所述第一从动部 分 71^和所述第二从动部分 7b2均与所述变速器输出轴总成 8连 接且同步旋转。这样,动力若由所述输出太阳轮总成 3向外输出, 则输出转换离合器 7的第一主动部分 7a,和第一从动部分 7b,接 合, 动力从所述输出太阳轮总成 3传递到所述变速器输出轴总成 8; 动力若由所述行星架输出轴 43向外输出, 则输出转换离合器 的第二主动部分 7a2和第二从动部分 7b2接合,动力从所述行星架 输出轴 43传递到所述变速器输出轴总成 8。
也可以采用如图 7所示的方式: 为了配合所述输出太阳轮总 成 3的中心轴 32的正转输出和所述行星架的输出轴 43的正或反 转输出, 两种工况均通过所述变速器输出轴总成 8来向外输出, 本实施例中还可以釆用如下方式: 在所述行星齿轮机构 A3中, 在 所述行星架输出轴 43上设有花键, 称为行星架输出花键 44, 在 所述输出太阳轮总成 3的中心轴 32上设有花键,称为太阳轮输出 花键 33, 另有一接合套 6可以沿轴向滑动, 所述接合套 6内孔的 两端分别设有花键 61和花键 62, 所述接合套一端的花键 61可以 与所述太阳轮输出花键 33 啮合, 也可以与所述行星架输出花键 44啮合, 但不会与所述太阳轮输出花键 33和所述行星架输出花 键 44同时啮合, 所述接合套 6的另一端花键 62与变速器输出轴 总成 8上的花键 81始终处于啮合状态,接合套 6与配合作用的各 花键构成输出转换器。 这样, 动力不论由所述输出太阳轮总成 3 的中心轴向外正转输出,还是由所述行星架的输出轴 43向外正或 反转输出, 均可通过所述接合套 6与所述变速器输出轴总成 8向 外输出。
在图 5、 6、 7所示的实施例中, 带有双输出端 (输出太阳轮 总成 3的中心轴 32和行星架输出轴 43 )的行星齿轮机构 An设置 在最后一级。 不言而喻, 该带有双输出端的行星齿轮机构也可以 设置在第一级或第二级, 此时输出转换器应当构成在该行星齿轮 机构与下一级行星齿轮机构之间。 另外, 多个带有双输出端的行 星齿轮机构的组合也是可以考虑的, 这允许提供更多的挡位, 因 为负传动比与负传动比相乘为正传动比。

Claims

1. 行星齿轮机构, 其特征在于, 所述行星齿轮机构包括输 入太阳轮总成(1)、 至少一个行星轮总成(2)、 行星架总成(4) 和输出太阳轮总成 (3) , 所述输入太阳轮总成 (1) 、 行星架总 成 (4) 和输出太阳轮总成 (3)具有重合的旋转轴线并且任两者 之间能相对转动, 所述行星架总成( 4 )和 /或输出太阳轮总成( 3 ) 能被固定而且所述行星架总成 (4)和输出太阳轮总成 (3) 只能 择一地被固定, 并且所述输入太阳轮总成(1) 、 行星架总成(4) 和输出太阳轮总成(3)中的任两者能被彼此锁定, 在此所述锁定 和固定只能择一地进行, 其中, 所述行星轮总成(2)绕其轴线可 旋转地安装于所述行星架总成( 4 )上, 每个所述行星轮总成包括 两个行星轮(21、 22) , 这两个行星轮通过轴连接在一起以同轴 和同步旋转, 并且所述两个行星轮中的一个行星轮(21) 与输入 太阳轮总成( 1 )的输入太阳轮( 11 )相啮合而另一个行星轮( 22 ) 与输出太阳轮总成(3)的输出太阳轮(31)相啮合, 所述输入太 阳轮总成( 1 )构成行星齿轮机构的输入端, 所述输出太阳轮总成 (3)或者行星架总成 (4)构成行星齿轮机构的输出端。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的行星齿轮机构, 其特征在于, 所 述行星齿轮机构包括用于对行星架总成( 4 )进行制动的行星架制 动机构 (Bc) 和 /或用于对输出太阳轮总成 (3) 进行制动的输出 太阳轮制动机构(Bs) , 以固定行星架总成(4)或输出太阳轮总 成 ( 3 ) 。
3. 根据权利要求 2 所述的行星齿轮机构, 其特征在于, 所 述行星齿轮机构包括锁止机构 (5) , 该锁止机构 (5) 安装于所 述输入太阳轮总成 (1) 、 所述输出太阳轮总成 (3) 以及所述行 星架总成(4)的任两者之间用于将这两者相互锁定, 以实现被锁 定的两者同步旋转。
4. 根据权利要求 1 所述的行星齿轮机构, 其特征在于, 所 述输入太阳轮总成(1)的中心轴(12)作为行星齿轮机构的输入 端, 所述输出太阳轮总成( 3 )的中心轴( 32 )或者行星架总成( 4 ) 的与输出太阳轮总成(3)中心轴(32)同心的行星架输出轴(43) 作为行星齿轮机构的输出端。
5. 根据权利要求 3 所述的行星齿轮机构, 其特征在于, 所 述行星架制动机构 (Bc)和输出太阳轮制动机构 (Bs)及锁止机 构 (5) 只能择一地起作用。
6. 根据权利要求 3 所述的行星齿轮机构, 其特征在于: 所 述锁止机构 (5) 为安装于所述输出太阳轮总成 (3) 与所述行星 架总成(4)之间的单向离合器(5a) , 所述单向离合器(5a) 包 括内圈 (5aJ 和外圏 (5a2) , 所述内圏和所述外圈两者中之一 与所述输出太阳轮总成(3)相连, 所述内圏和所述外圏两者中另 一与所述行星架总成 (4)相连; 所述输出太阳轮总成 (3)相对 于所述行星架总成 (4) 只能向所述输入太阳轮总成 (1) 转动的 方向转动, 在向相反方向转动时, 单向离合器 (5a) 进入锁止状 态, 处于锁止状态的所述输出太阳轮总成( 3 )与所述行星架总成 (4) 同步旋转; 或者,
所述锁止机构 (5) 为安装于所述输入太阳轮总成 (1) 与所 述行星架总成( 4 )之间的单向离合器( 5a ),所述单向离合器( 5a ) 包括内圈 (5aJ 和外圏 (5a2) , 所述内圏和所述外圏两者中之 一与所述输入太阳轮总成( 1 )相连, 所述内圈和所述外圈两者中 另一与所述行星架总成 (4)相连; 所述输入太阳轮总成 (1)相 对于所述行星架总成 (4) 只能向所述输入太阳轮总成 (1) 转动 的方向转动, 在向相反方向转动时, 单向离合器 (5a) 进入锁止 状态, 处于锁止状态的所述输入太阳轮总成( 1 )与所述行星架总 成 (4) 同步旋转; 或者,
所述锁止机构 (5) 为安装于所述输入太阳轮总成(1) 与所 述输出太阳轮总成(3)之间的单向离合器(5a) , 所述单向离合 器 (5a) 包括内圏 (5a,) 和外圏 ( 5a2 ) , 所述内圏和所述外圈 两者中之一与所述输入太阳轮总成( 1 )相连, 所述内圏和所述外 圈两者中另一与所述输出太阳轮总成(3)相连; 所述输出太阳轮 总成 (3)相对于所述输入太阳轮总成 (1) 只能向所述输入太阳 轮总成(1)转动的方向转动, 在向相反方向转动时, 单向离合器 (5a).进入锁止状态, 处于锁止状态的所述输入太阳轮总成(1) 与所述输出太阳轮总成 (3) 同步旋转, 并且
在所述锁止机构(5)采用单向离合器形式的情况下, 所述行 星齿轮机构只能以所述输出太阳轮总成( 3 )作为输出端并且设计 为增速机构。
7. 根据权利要求 3 所述的行星齿轮机构, 其特征在于: 所 述锁止机构 (5) 为安装于所述输出太阳轮总成 (3) 与所述行星 架总成 (4)之间的普通离合器 (5b) , 所述普通离合器 (5b) 包括两部分: 主动部分(SbJ 和从动部分 (5b2) , 所述主动部 分(5b,)与所述行星架总成(4)连接, 所述从动部分(5b2) 与 所述输出太阳轮总成(3)连接; 或者,
所述锁止机构 (5) 为安装于所述输入太阳轮总成(1) 与所 述行星架总成(4)之间的普通离合器(5b),所述普通离合器(5b) 包括两部分: 主动部分(5bJ 和从动部分(5b2) , 所述主动部 分( 5b )与所述输入太阳轮总成( 1 )连接, 所述从动部分( 5b2 ) 与所述行星架总成 (4)连接; 或者,
所述锁止机构 (5) 为安装于所述输出太阳轮总成 (3) 与所 述输入太阳轮总成(1)之间的普通离合器(5b), 所述普通离合 器 (5b) 包括两部分: 主动部分(5b ) 和从动部分(5b2) , 所 述主动部分(5bJ 与所述输入太阳轮总成 (1) 连接, 所述从动 部分(5b2) 与所述输出太阳轮总成 (3) 连接; 并且
所述普通离合器(5b) 的主动部分(Sb 和从动部分(5b2) 能够相互分离或者接合。
8. 根据权利要求 1至 7 中任一项所述的行星齿轮机构, 其 特征在于,所述行星架总成( 4 )包括行星架( 41 )和制动鼓( 42 ), 所述行星架 (41) 和所述制动鼓(42) 分别具有一个中心孔并且 固定连接在一起形成一中空结构, 所述输入太阳轮总成的太阳轮 (11).所述行星轮总成( 2 )和所述输出太阳轮总成的太阳轮( 31 ) 容纳于 中空结构中, 所述输入太阳轮总成 (1) 的中心轴 (12) 和所述输出太阳轮总成(3)的中心轴(32)分别从行星架和制动 鼓的相应中心孔中向外伸出。
9. 根据权利要求 1至 7 中任一项所述的行星齿轮机构, 其 特征在于,所述行星架总成(4 )包括行星架( 41 )和制动鼓(42 ), 所述行星架 (41) 和所述制动鼓(42) 固定连接在一起形成一中 空结构; 所述输入太阳轮总成( 1 )的太阳轮( 11 )和所述行星轮 总成(2)容纳于该中空结构中; 所述制动鼓(42)具有一个中心 孔, 所述输入太阳轮总成( 1 )的中心轴( 12 )从所述制动鼓( 42 ) 的中心孔中向外伸出; 所述行星架 (41) 的中央部向所述制动鼓 (42)的方向凹陷, 在凹陷部位的中央向远离所述制动鼓(42)的 方向伸出行星架总成的行星架输出轴 (43) ; 所述输出太阳轮总 成 (3)具有另一中心孔, 使得所述输出太阳轮总成 (3) 的中心 轴 (32) 可旋转地套置于所述行星架输出轴 (43) 上, 并且所述 输出太阳轮总成(3)的太阳轮(31)容纳于所述行星架(41)的 凹陷部位; 在所述行星架(41)凹陷部位的圆周上开有径向通孔, 所述行星轮总成(2)的与所述输出太阳轮总成的太阳轮(31)啮 合的行星轮(22) 分别通过一个所述径向通孔与所述输出太阳轮 总成的太阳轮(31)啮合。
10. 根据权利要求 1至 7中任一项所述的行星齿轮机构, 其 特征在于, 所述行星架制动机构(Bc)和 /或所述输出太阳轮制动 机构 (Bs) 釆用制动带或者离合器的形式。
11. 机械变速器, 包括壳体(C) 和一个或更多个根据权利 要求 1至 10中任一项所述的行星齿轮机构 (A; A,、 A2
An) , 所述行星齿轮机构的行星架总成 (4) 和 /或输出太阳轮总 成(3)相对于变速器的壳体(C) 能被固定;
在机械变速器包括仅一个行星齿轮机构的情况下, 该行星齿 轮机构的输入端构成变速器的输入端, 该行星齿轮机构的输出端 构成变速器的输出端; 或者, 在机械变速器包括多个行星齿轮机 构的情况下, 这些行星齿轮机构彼此串联, 其中第一级行星齿轮 机构 (AJ 的输入端构成变速器的输入端, 最后一级行星齿轮机 构 (An) 的输出端构成变速器的输出端, 前一级行星齿轮机构的 输出端与紧接的后一级行星齿轮机构的输入端相连。
12. 根据权利要求 11 所述的机械变速器, 其特征在于: 所 述变速器包括两级行星齿轮机构 ( 、 A2) , 其中,
第一级行星齿轮机构 的行星架总成(4)相对于变速器 的壳体(C) 能被固定, 第一级行星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总成 (3)与其行星架总成(4)能被相互锁定, 并且第一级行星齿轮机 构的输出太阳轮总成的中心轴构成第一级行星齿轮机构的输出
第二级行星齿轮机构(A2)的行星架总成(4)或输出太阳轮 总成(3)相对于变速器的壳体(C) 能被固定, 第二级行星齿轮 机构的输出太阳轮总成(3)与其行星架总成(4)能被相互锁定, 第二级行星齿轮机构 (A2) 的输入太阳轮总成的中心轴与第一级 行星齿轮机构 (Α,) 的输出太阳轮总成的中心轴相连, 并且第二 级行星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总成的中心轴和其行星架总成的行 星架输出轴构成第二级行星齿轮机构的两个输出端, 并且这两个 输出端通过输出转换器与变速器的输出轴总成 (8)相连。
13. 根据权利要求 11 所述的机械变速器, 其特征在于: 所 述变速器包括三个行星齿轮机构 (A,、 A2、 A3) , 其中,
第一级行星齿轮机构(AJ的行星架总成(4)相对于变速器 的壳体 (C) 能被固定, 第一级行星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总成 (3)与其行星架总成(4)能被相互锁定, 并且第一级行星齿轮机 构的输出太阳轮总成的中心轴构成第一级行星齿轮机构的输出
中间的行星齿轮机构(Α2)的行星架总成(4)相对于变速器 的壳体(C) 能被固定, 中间的行星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总成 (3)与其行星架总成(4)能被相互锁定, 中间的行星齿轮机构的 输入太阳轮总成的中心轴与第一级行星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总 成的中心轴相连, 并且中间的行星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总成的 中心轴构成中间的行星齿轮机构的输出端; 并且
最后一级行星齿轮机构( Α3)的行星架总成(4)或输出太阳 轮总成(3)相对于变速器的壳体(C) 能被固定, 最后一级行星 齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总成 (3) 与其行星架总成 (4) 能被相互 锁定, 最后一级行星齿轮机构的输入太阳轮总成的中心轴与中间 的行星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总成的中心轴相连, 并且最后一级 行星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总成的中心轴和行星架总成的行星架 输出轴构成最后一级行星齿轮机构的两个输出端, 并且这两个输 出端通过输出转换器与变速器的输出轴总成 (8)相连。
14. 根据权利要求 12或 13所述的机械变速器,其特征在于: 在最后一级行星齿轮机构 (Αη) 与所述变速器的输出轴总成 (8) 之间设有输出转换离合器(7)作为输出转换器, 所述输出转换离 合器(7) 包括主动部分(7a)和从动部分(7b) , 所述输出转换 离合器( 7 )的主动部分( 7a )分为两个部分: 第一主动部分( 7a, ) 和第二主动部分(7a2) , 所述第一主动部分(7aJ 与最后一级 行星齿轮机构的输出太阳轮总成的中心轴( 32 )连接且同步旋转, 第二主动部分(7a2) 与最后一级行星齿轮机构的行星架输出轴 (43)连接且同步旋转;所述输出转换离合器(7)的从动部分(7b) 分为两个部分: 第一从动部分(7b,) 和第二从动部分(7b2) , 所述第一从动部分(7b,) 与所述第一主动部分(7a,) 形成可传 递力矩的摩擦副, 所述第二从动部分(7b2)与所述第二主动部分 (7a2)形成可传递力矩的摩擦副, 所述第一从动部分(71^)和所 述第二从动部分(7b2) 均与所述变速器输出轴总成 (8) 连接且 同步旋转。
15. 根据权利要求 12或 13所述的机械变速器,其特征在于: 输出转换器包括一个在最后一级行星齿轮机构 (An) 的行星架输 出轴 (43) 上设置的行星架输出花键(44) 、 一个在最后一级行 星齿轮机构 (An) 的输出太阳轮总成 (3) 的中心轴上设置的太 阳轮输出花键(33) 以及一个可沿轴向滑动的接合套(6) , 所述 接合套( 6 )内孔的两端分别设有第一花键( 61 )和笫二花键( 62 ), 所述接合套( 6 )的第一花键( 61 )可与所述太阳轮输出花键( 33 ) 啮合, 也可与所述行星架输出花键(44)啮合, 但不能与所述太 阳轮输出花键(33) 和所述行星架输出花键(44) 同时啮合; 所 述接合套 (6) 的第二花键 (62) 与变速器的输出轴总成 (8) 上 的花键(81) 始终处于啮合状态。
PCT/CN2010/001134 2010-02-11 2010-07-26 行星齿轮机构和包括该行星齿轮机构的机械变速器 WO2011097780A1 (zh)

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