WO2011091752A1 - 电子手写笔 - Google Patents
电子手写笔 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011091752A1 WO2011091752A1 PCT/CN2011/070655 CN2011070655W WO2011091752A1 WO 2011091752 A1 WO2011091752 A1 WO 2011091752A1 CN 2011070655 W CN2011070655 W CN 2011070655W WO 2011091752 A1 WO2011091752 A1 WO 2011091752A1
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- sensor
- pressure
- pen
- signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
- G06F3/0354—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of 2D relative movements between the device, or an operating part thereof, and a plane or surface, e.g. 2D mice, trackballs, pens or pucks
- G06F3/03545—Pens or stylus
Definitions
- the present invention relates to computer human-computer interaction device technology, and more particularly to an electronic stylus for an electronic whiteboard or a handwriting board. Background technique
- the electromagnetic induction technology itself has a pressure sensing function, but since the electromagnetic induction technology requires a bottom plate on which an inductive conductor is mounted, the bottom plate is neither opaque nor fixed in size, so it is not suitable for many occasions, such as moving, or Used on the surface of flat panel displays.
- Handwriting boards, electronic whiteboards, and touch screens that use resistive films, capacitors, surface acoustic waves, and dual-camera image recognition technology do not require the use of a dedicated pen, so it is difficult to detect pressure sensitivity without using a specially designed special pen.
- the Chinese invention patent number 03158995. 2 discloses a stylus that can simulate a brush stroke, and includes a pressure sensor.
- the technique of simulating the stroke by the simulation device of the main control system mainly describes the use of different pressure values in the main control system.
- the technical solution to simulate the writing strength of the stylus solves the problem of the relationship between the pressure value and the displayed image, but still does not solve the problem of pressure value acquisition, data processing, and data transmission, that is, it does not solve what kind of internal passage of the stylus
- the structure is able to obtain the problem of pressure values, especially for the internal structure of the stylus used in handwriting input devices for ultrasonic and single camera image recognition techniques.
- the Chinese invention patent number 03158994. 4 discloses a bendable pressure-sensing stylus in which a gear, a rotational speed detector, and a pressure value generator mounted in the tip are used to detect rotational speed data and rotational direction data. And generating a pressure value based on the rotational speed data and the rotational direction data, and transmitting to the main system via the signal transmission line.
- the invention adopts a mechanically-conducted structure, and although it can detect the pressure value at the time of writing, there are disadvantages such as fixed directionality of the rotating member, easy damage, and low accuracy of pressure value detection, and cannot be used for ultrasonic and single-camera image recognition technology.
- Handwriting input device is a bendable pressure-sensing stylus in which a gear, a rotational speed detector, and a pressure value generator mounted in the tip are used to detect rotational speed data and rotational direction data. And generating a pressure value based on the rotational speed data and the rotational direction data, and transmitting to the main system via the
- the Chinese utility model patent number 200420040580. 9 discloses a multi-function stylus which also includes a pressure sensor.
- the main function of the pressure sensor here is to judge the writing state of the pen, not the strength of the pen when writing, so it is impossible to solve the problem of obtaining the pressure value. Summary of the invention
- the invention provides an electronic stylus capable of detecting the pressure value of the stylus pen in the writing state and transmitting it to the main control system.
- an electronic stylus pen includes: a pen holder and a pen tip mounted in a through hole of the pen head, wherein a pressure detecting sensor is mounted between the pen head and the sensor holder of the pen holder, wherein The pressure detecting sensor is a continuous amount of sensors whose output value has a unique correspondence with the magnitude of the pressure;
- a circuit system supporting the operation of the electronic stylus is disposed in the pen holder, and the electric system is a power supply device for supplying power to the road system;
- the circuit system includes a pressure signal conditioning circuit and a signal output unit, the signal conditioning circuit is coupled to an output of the pressure detecting sensor, and the signal output unit is coupled to an output of the signal conditioning circuit;
- the signal output unit is configured to output a signal or data corresponding to the pressure signal output by the pressure detecting sensor to a designated port of the system working with the electronic stylus.
- the pressure detecting sensor can be used in a wide variety of types, a strain gauge, a Hall (displacement) sensor, an electret (capacitance) sensor similar to an electret microphone, or even a special structure.
- Electret microphone These sensors can output the pressure signal in the form of voltage output. Therefore, the output of the sensor or sensor detection circuit can be connected to a front-end adaptation circuit that matches the sensor type, such as a signal amplification circuit, which is generally composed of an operational amplifier. If these pressure signals are to be digitized, an A/D converter can also be used to connect to the output of the amplifier circuit.
- an encoder can be connected to the output of the A/D converter, and the encoder can be constructed using a microcontroller.
- the pressure signals output by all of the above circuit units can be transmitted as available data to designated ports of the system that work with the stylus.
- the signal amplifying circuit outputs an analog quantity, it is more suitable for wired output, and the digital quantities output by the other two circuit unit A/D converters or encoders can be wired or wireless. Transfer to the designated port of the system that works with the stylus.
- the above-mentioned sensors can detect the pressure on the tip by a suitable mounting structure, wherein:
- the strain gauge can be mounted on the bow top position on the arch beam which can amplify the strain caused by the pressure of the pen head.
- Two strain gauges can be used to be mounted on the inner and outer surfaces of the bow top, and then connected to the two resistors to detect electricity.
- the Hall sensor can be installed in the middle of a magnetic circuit composed of two magnets. The magnets of the same name are opposite to each other, one piece is mounted on the sensor holder in the pen, and the other piece is mounted on the end of the pen head. A magnet is mounted on the end of the magnetic circuit with the tip of the pen.
- a Hall sensor at the end of the tip and deep into the magnetic gap of the magnetic circuit formed by the magnet and the shoe iron respectively mounted on the two magnetic poles of the magnet; the magnet and the shoe iron are mounted On the sensor holder in the pen, the pen tip is also elastically mounted on the pen sensor holder or the magnet and the shoe iron.
- one of the electret-containing diaphragm and the electrode diaphragm can be mounted on the sensor holder in the pen, and the other is mounted on the end of the pen tip and elastically mounted in the pen sensor holder or another film.
- a charge amplifier generally composed of FETs is disposed on-chip.
- the electret microphone is used as a pressure detecting sensor, and can be hermetically connected to an open end of an elastic gas having an open end and penetrated into the air vent, and the other end of the air vent is closed and installed at the end of the tip.
- a pressure detecting sensor with a variable capacitance and a variable inductance structure can also be used, and the magnetic pole of the capacitor or the magnetic conductor of the inductor is moved by the writing head under the writing pressure, thereby changing the capacitance of the sensor or The way of the inductance value enables the detection of pressure.
- the front-end adaptation circuit of the two sensors can use an oscillating signal generator, and the variable capacitance or the inductance sensor can be connected to the oscillating tank of the oscillating signal generator, and then a frequency detecting unit such as a frequency meter, a timer, etc.
- a circuit unit that measures the change in the oscillator output frequency due to pressure Then, as described above, it can be directly outputted by the output unit in a wired or wireless manner, or after being encoded, the pressure value is output through the output unit.
- the variable capacitance structure pressure detecting sensor is composed of two plates, one of which is mounted on the sensor holder in the pen, the other plate is connected to the end of the pen tip, and is elastically mounted in the pen sensor holder or another An air gap is formed between the plates and the plates mounted on the sensor holders in the pen.
- the pressure detecting sensor of the variable inductance structure is composed of a coil wound on the open core and a magnet in front of the core opening; the iron core is mounted on the sensor bracket in the pen, and the magnet is connected to the end of the tip And elastically mounted on the sensor holder or core of the pen, forming an air gap with all or part of the core.
- the present invention also provides a handwritten light pen or an ultrasonic stylus pen for use in an electronic whiteboard, a writing screen, and a tablet for use in ultrasonic technology and image recognition technology that uses a single camera to capture a whole writing surface.
- the stylus of these two applications has an infrared transmitting tube, it is possible to use a mixer to input the pressure data signal from the output of the signal conditioning circuit to the original stylus in the handwritten stylus.
- the infrared light drive signals of the position and motion trajectory, or the original drive signals used to transmit the infrared time scale signals in the ultrasonic pen are added and mixed, and then their existing launch tubes are used to transmit the pressure data of the stylus.
- an excitation switch controlled by the pressure data output from the signal conditioning circuit may be disposed in the circuit system in the pen body, and the pressure data is received by the circuit system; after receiving the pressure data of the specified value, the The electronic pen emits corresponding infrared or ultrasonic waves that are used to detect the stylus position and motion trajectory.
- a manual switch is also provided; manually operating the manual switch, the zero drift can be eliminated in three ways, respectively: first, controlling the circuit system, and conditioning the signal After the signal or data corresponding to the pressure signal outputted by the circuit is added with a specific identifier, it is directly outputted through the output unit to the main control system working with the stylus as an initial value for calculating the writing pressure; Controlling the circuit system, such as an encoder, to set a signal or data corresponding to a pressure signal output by the signal conditioning circuit to a set initial value, such as 0; third, controlling the circuit system, adjusting The parameter or the preset value of the component in the signal conditioning circuit is such that the signal or data corresponding to the pressure signal outputted by the signal is a set initial value, such as 0.
- the electronic stylus provided by the invention adopts a continuous amount of pressure detecting sensor whose output value has a unique correspondence with the magnitude of the pressure, so that the strength of the writer when writing with the stylus can be accurately measured within a certain range,
- the aspect can make the writing effect closer to natural writing, the handwriting changes more richly and more distinctively; on the other hand, a wide variety of handwriting boards and electronic whiteboards are expanded.
- the application range of the handwriting screen is more suitable for art applications such as painting and calligraphy, and for the first time, the pressure sensitive writing is realized at a lower cost on the display screen of a data processing device such as a computer.
- the technical solution of the present invention can use a plurality of different types of sensors to detect the writing strength, so in the design and production process, different technical solutions can be selected according to the characteristics of different sensors, so as to be applicable to different applications and environments.
- the various sensors used in the technical solutions of the present invention have the characteristics of low cost, so that the pressure sensing function can be added to the existing multiple handwriting input products without increasing the cost of the components.
- FIG. 1 is a basic structural diagram of a pressure sensitive handwritten light pen using a wireless transmission unit according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is another basic structural diagram of a pressure sensitive handwritten light pen using a wireless transmission unit according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a mounting structure of a strain gauge on a bow beam according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a structural view of a pressure detecting bridge formed by using a strain gauge according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another pressure sensing structure using a Hall sensor as a pressure detecting sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a pressure sensing structure using an electret microphone as a pressure detecting sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram of a pressure sensing structure using an electret as a pressure detecting sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the structure of a pressure detecting circuit for transmitting pressure data by wire according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing another structure of a pressure detecting circuit using wired transmission pressure data according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the structure of a pressure detecting circuit for transmitting pressure data using a wireless module according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a circuit structure of an infrared transmitting tube in a handwritten light pen as a pressure data transmission element according to an embodiment of the present invention; a basic structure diagram of a sensing ultrasonic pen;
- Figure 15 is a block diagram showing the circuit configuration of an infrared transmitting tube in a handwriting ultrasonic pen as a pressure data transmitting element according to the present invention. detailed description
- embodiments of the present invention can be classified into two types.
- the first type is an embodiment applied to various pressure detecting sensors in the present invention, and mainly describes various types and structures of the pressure detecting sensors that can be used in the present invention, mounting methods, and specific embodiments of the matched external circuits, which are suitable for A general implementation of any stylus that contains a circuit structure.
- the second type is an electronic stylus used in a conventional handwriting input device that uses ultrasonic technology or single camera image recognition technology, and is a specific embodiment of the present invention.
- the sensor of the present invention is a continuous amount of pressure sensor, for example, a sensor made of a material whose pressure force varies with resistance can be used as the sensor of the present invention.
- Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show the general structure of a stylus to which the present invention is applied and which transmits pressure data using an infrared transmission module.
- the difference between the two figures mainly lies in the difference of the stylus outer casing.
- Figure 1 is a more ergonomic stylus structure
- Figure 2 is the most commonly used stylus structure.
- 101 is a stylus housing; 102 is a stylus pen; 103 is a pressure detecting sensor; 104 is a sensor holder in the pen; 105 is a sensor fitting circuit; 106 is a subsequent processing portion of the pressure signal conditioning circuit; 107 is pressure
- the signal output unit 108 is an infrared transmitting tube of the infrared output module; 109 is the original circuit system in the stylus; 110 is a power supply system of the stylus. Since the two drawings differ in the structure of the outer casing 101, the optimum mounting position of the infrared transmitting tube 108 is also different.
- Embodiment 1 Using a strain gauge as a pressure detecting sensor
- Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show the structure of the mounting structure of the strain gauge and the structure of the basic detecting circuit when the strain gauge is used as the pressure detecting sensor.
- 301 is an arched beam for enlarging the writing pressure of the writing head.
- One end of the arched beam is mounted on the sensor bracket 104 in the pen, and the other end is connected with the end of the pen head 102, and can be fixedly connected or hinged and suspended, as long as the pen tip is secured.
- the pressure of 102 can be smoothly transmitted to the bow beam.
- a slit 304 At the opening of the arched beam is a slit 304 to ensure that the arched beam can deform under the writing pressure, but the deformation is not too large and exceeds the elastic range of the beam, resulting in plastic deformation of the beam.
- 302 and 303 are two pieces of resistance strain gauges respectively mounted on the inner and outer surfaces of the arcuate top of the arch beam, and respectively form a pressure detecting circuit of the bridge structure with the other two resistors R1 and R2, as shown in FIG. 4 .
- 401 is a detection bridge driving circuit
- 402 is a signal processing circuit adapted to the bridge, and the main part generally uses a voltage amplifying circuit composed of an operational amplifier, and in some cases, a current amplifying circuit can be used.
- Embodiment 2 Using a Hall sensor as a pressure detecting sensor
- the writing pressure can be detected by moving the magnet or the Hall sensor by the movement of the writing pressure and the reaction force of the elastic member in the pen.
- Figure 5 shows a detection structure using a Hall sensor as a sensor.
- the Hall sensor 501 is a Hall sensor mounted between the magnetic poles of the same polarity of the two sheet magnets 502, 503, and two magnets are mounted on the sensor holder 104 in the pen, and the other piece is mounted. At the end of the pen tip 102.
- the repulsive force between the isotropic magnetic poles is used as the restoring force of the writing head resetting, that is, the position of the writing head returns to the unwritten state after the pressure of the writing head 4 is flashed. Since the magnitude of this repulsive force uniquely corresponds to the distance between the two magnets, the electrical signal output by the Hall sensor also uniquely corresponds to the pressure of the pen tip.
- Figure 6 shows another mounting structure for the Hall sensor.
- the Hall sensor 501 is mounted at the end of the pen tip 102 and penetrates between the magnetic gaps of the magnetic paths formed by the magnets 603 and the two shoe irons 602 respectively mounted on the two magnetic poles of the magnet 603.
- the magnet 603 and the two shoe irons 602 are mounted on the sensor holder 104 in the pen, and the pen head 102 is elastically mounted on the pen inner sensor bracket 104 or the magnet and the shoe iron through the elastic member 601 (the figure shows the installation) On the boot iron 602).
- the structures shown in Figures 5 and 6 each have advantages and disadvantages.
- the structure shown in Fig. 5 has a large linear range, but the output sensitivity is low; the structure shown in Fig. 6 has high sensitivity, but the linear range is small.
- Embodiment 3 Using an electret microphone as a pressure detecting sensor
- a universal electret microphone can also be used to detect the writing pressure of the pen.
- 701 is an elastic gas cylinder;
- 702 is an electret microphone;
- the electret sensor is composed of an elastic gas cylinder 701 and an electret microphone 702.
- One end of the elastic gas cylinder 701 closes the other end opening, the open end is hermetically connected to the electret microphone 702, and the electret microphone 702 penetrates into the elastic gas cylinder 701; the other end of the elastic gas cylinder 701 is installed in the chamber The end of the pen head 102 is described.
- the outer wall of the elastic gas cylinder 701 serves as an elastic member mainly supporting the pen head 102, which generates a restoring force under the writing pressure; the air in the elastic gas cylinder serves as a conduction medium for the writing pressure, and the pressure is applied when the air cylinder is compressed.
- the elastic diaphragm inside the electret microphone 702 the distance between the elastic diaphragm and the internal fixed electrode is changed as the size of the air bladder is compressed, thereby realizing the detection of the writing pressure.
- the elastic force of the outer wall of the elastic gas ⁇ 701 is to ensure the air enthalpy
- the air inside is not excessively compressed, which causes the microphone diaphragm to stick to the surface of the internal fixed electrode, which is a key factor causing the sensor failure.
- a mechanism for stopping or limiting the tip 102 or the air is provided to ensure the gas. You are not over-compressed.
- this structure is preferably provided with an air passage which can be gradually and evenly pressurized between the air and the atmosphere, such as a gas permeability similar to leather, to ensure atmospheric pressure inside and outside the gas cylinder under conditions of temperature and humidity change. Equilibrium can be achieved within a certain period of time, but does not affect the transmission of instantaneous pressure during writing.
- Embodiment 4 Using an electret sensor as a pressure detecting sensor
- the electret sensor is actually a kind of capacitive sensor, but because the electret surface has a permanent charge, the sensor can also have a built-in charge amplifier like an electret microphone, so here and before Several types of sensors are grouped together as a "pressure/voltage" output type of sensor rather than a purely capacitive sensor.
- the electret sensor is composed of electrode pads 801, 803, spacer washer 806, elastic holder 802, and a charge amplifier (not shown).
- One of the two electrode diaphragms is an electret diaphragm or a metal diaphragm coated with an electret film material; the two diaphragms are mounted on the sensor holder 104 in the pen, and the other diaphragm is mounted on the
- the end of the pen tip 102 is mounted to the sensor holder 104 or another diaphragm in the pen by a resilient bracket 802.
- the spacer gasket is annular and is mounted between the two diaphragms.
- Another mounting structure is to omit the elastic bracket 802, and directly mount the spacer gasket 806 between the two electrode diaphragms, and use the elastic force of the electrode diaphragm to generate a restoring force to the tip.
- Two diaphragms are connected to the input of the charge amplifier.
- the charge amplifier can use an amplifier of the same structure as the electret microphone, such as a charge amplifier constructed using a field effect transistor as a core element.
- the sensors used in the above embodiments can output the pressure signal in the form of voltage (or current, but not commonly used) output. Therefore, the rear end of the sensor or sensor detection circuit needs to be connected with a front end adaptation matching the sensor type.
- the circuit such as the signal amplifying circuit 402 of FIG. 4, is also a structure of the front end adapting unit 105 of FIG. If further processing is performed, a subsequent processing unit 106 may be added after the adaptation unit 105, which may include an A/D converter for digitizing the pressure signals, and an encoder may be added to apply the pressure data in the digital form. Convert to a data format that is more suitable for transmission.
- the pressure signal output by all the above circuit units, Both can be transmitted as available data to a designated port of the system that works with the stylus.
- the signal amplifying circuit outputs an analog quantity, it is more suitable to be output in a wired manner.
- the pressure data is transmitted to work with the stylus by using the data line 1001 as the output unit 107 in FIG. The specified port of the system.
- the digital quantity output after adding one or two subsequent processing units, the A/D converter unit and the encoder unit, can be transmitted in both wired and wireless manners, as shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. It can be transmitted through the data line 1001 or through the infrared or radio frequency wireless module 1201.
- Embodiment 5 Using a variable capacitor as a pressure detecting sensor
- Fig. 8B is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the present invention using a variable capacitor as a sensor.
- the difference from the use of an electret sensor is that the two electrode diaphragms 8011 and 8031 no longer have a permanent charge on them, but are simply conductive plates.
- the rest of the structure is the same as that of Embodiment 4, and an air gap constituting a capacitance is formed between the two plates.
- the front end adapting circuit corresponding to the variable capacitance pressure detecting sensor may be an oscillating signal generator 804, that is, another structure of the front end adapting unit 105 in FIG. 1, which is included in the signal conditioning circuit in the pen holder. .
- the terminal of the variable capacitance pressure detecting sensor is connected to the oscillating tank of the oscillating signal generator.
- the capacitance between the two diaphragms will change as the distance between the plates changes, so that the oscillation frequency of the oscillating signal generator will also change.
- the frequency measuring unit 805 such as a frequency meter or a timer or a counter
- the frequency measuring unit 805 uses a presettable counter, such as lmS in a unit time, according to the measurement, the output frequency of the oscillator is not written in the writing head, that is, the output frequency of the oscillator when the writing head is idlely lifted, and is pre-intermitted in the counter under manual intervention. Setting a pulse value detected in the unit time will make the output of the frequency measuring unit zero, which is more convenient for data processing of other parts such as an encoder or a system working with the stylus.
- a presettable counter such as lmS in a unit time
- Embodiment 6 Using a variable inductor as a pressure detecting sensor
- variable inductance pressure detecting sensor is composed of a coil 903 wound around the open core 902, and a magnet 901 located in front of the opening of the core 902.
- the iron core is mounted on the sensor holder 104 in the pen, and the magnet 901 is connected to the end of the pen head 102
- An elastomer (not shown) similar to the elastic member 802 of Fig. 8A is mounted on the in-pen sensor holder 104 or the core to form an air gap with all or part of the core.
- the front end matching circuit matched with the variable inductance sensor may be an oscillating signal generator 804, and the output end of the variable inductor is connected to the oscillating circuit of the oscillating signal generator, and then used.
- the frequency detecting unit 805 detects a change in the output frequency of the oscillator, thereby obtaining the magnitude and variation of the writing pressure.
- Embodiments 5 and 6 can also transmit pressure data using a wired or wireless structure as shown in Fig. 10, Fig. 11, or Fig. 12.
- the encoders of the above embodiments 1-6 can be constructed using a microcontroller system, such as the microcontroller system 109 in the original circuitry of the stylus.
- the microcontroller system is connected to the control terminal and the output terminal of the A/D converter through a set of I/O interfaces, and through another set of I/O interfaces and the circuit system The output units are connected; for Embodiment 5-6, the microcontroller system is connected to the control and output terminals of the oscillating signal generator or frequency detecting unit through a set of I/O interfaces, and through another group I/ The O interface is coupled to an output unit in the circuitry.
- the above A/D can also use the A/D that is available on most existing microcontrollers.
- the frequency detection unit can also use the timer inside the microcontroller.
- the above I/O interfaces are virtual interfaces that can be implemented by programming the microcontroller.
- Figure 13 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration of an electronic stylus that can be used in a handwriting input device using a single camera image recognition technique. Since the stylus itself has one or a group of infrared transmitting tubes 1301 and its driving circuit 1302, infrared light signals for detecting the position and motion trajectory of the stylus are emitted. Therefore, a signal mixer 1305 can be implemented in the pen by a microcontroller system 1303, and the pressure data signal from the output of the signal conditioning circuit in the pen can be used to detect the position and motion track of the stylus in the handwritten light pen. Infrared light signals are added, mixed, and then The existing infrared emission tube 1 301 is used to transmit the pressure data of the stylus.
- the light pen emits continuous light
- the image sensor (commonly known as the camera) used in such a handwriting device can also collect infrared light signals modulated to a certain frequency, as long as the modulation frequency is higher than that of the image sensor.
- the frame rate (the number of frames captured per second) can be several times higher. For example, if the scanning frame rate of the image sensor is 100 frames/second, then the image sensor can completely acquire the infrared light signal amplitude modulated at several tens of kHz, as long as the non-lighting time of the modulated infrared light is not more than 10 mS. .
- the carrier frequency is greater than twice the frequency of the modulated signal, and the modulated signal can be completely transmitted. Therefore, the stylus can be completely transmitted at a large rate by using a carrier with a proper frequency. Pressure data.
- the basic structure of the pressure sensitive handwritten pen is basically the same as that shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, except that the infrared transmitting tube for pressure data transmission is the same as the infrared transmitting tube for stylus position and motion track detection, and is installed in The nib portion within the pen tip 102.
- FIG. 14 there is shown a block diagram of a circuit configuration of an electronic stylus which can be used for an ultrasonic handwriting input device. Since the ultrasonic stylus itself has a set of infrared transmitting tubes 1401 and its driving circuit 1402, an infrared pulse that is used to emit a time stamp signal is emitted. The time-scale signal mentioned here is actually a synchronization signal. Since the speed of light propagation in the air is much higher than the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave, when the ultrasonic wave transmitting driving circuit 1404 in the stylus drives the ultrasonic wave transmitter 1403 to emit ultrasonic waves, the infrared emitting tube 1401 emits a width of only a few microseconds.
- the synchronization pulse is sent to the receiving portion of the ultrasonic wave, and after the receiving portion receives the optical pulse, the "0" timing of the timer is calibrated, and timing is started to detect the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave in the air, so the infrared light pulse is called the time-scale signal. . Therefore, the signal mixer 1 305 shown in FIG. 13 can still be used to add the pressure data signal from the output of the signal conditioning circuit in the pen to the time-scale signal generated in the original circuit system 1405 in the ultrasonic pen. Then, the existing infrared emission tube 1401 is used to transmit the pressure data of the stylus. At the receiving end, as long as the corresponding demodulator and splitter are matched, the pressure data signal can be received simultaneously or after receiving the time-scale signal.
- the basic structure of the pressure sensitive handwriting ultrasonic pen is shown in Fig. 15. Similar to Embodiment 7, ultrasonic emission
- the device 1501 is mounted on the pen body near the pen tip; the infrared emission tube group 1502 is also mounted on the pen body; the ultrasonic pen is equipped with a circuit system 1503, which includes a front end adapting unit and a control microcontroller for the pressure detecting sensor system.
- an activation switch 1304 controlled by the pressure data output from the signal conditioning circuit in the circuitry within the body, through which the pressure data is received.
- the control electronic pen After receiving the pressure data of the specified value through the setting of the software of the microcontroller in the pen body, the control electronic pen emits corresponding infrared or ultrasonic waves which are used to detect the position and motion track of the stylus.
- This embodiment can replace the micro-switches originally used for inductive writing pressure in the two stylus pens, and can set the starting pressure according to the writing requirements, not only can output the writing pressure data, but also effectively increase the sensitivity of the stylus writing. , eliminating the disadvantage that the pressure of the micro switch is often large, resulting in insufficient writing.
- a manual switch is also provided. As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the switch can be installed in the operation button group 1 306 of the stylus and set separately. A button or a combination of the original button group. When the manual switch is manually operated, the zero drift can be eliminated by three technical solutions, which are:
- controlling the circuit system generally a microcontroller system, the same below, adding a specific identifier to a signal or data corresponding to the pressure signal output by the signal conditioning circuit, and directly passing through the output unit Output to the main control system working with the stylus as a reference initial value for calculating the writing pressure level;
- the initial value is set to 0;
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Description
电子手写笔 本申请要求于 2010 年 1 月 27 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201010101907.9、 发明名称为"具有压力值检测功能的电子手写笔"的中国 专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及计算机人机交互设备技术, 尤其涉及一种用于电子白板或手 写板的电子手写笔。 背景技术
用于网上交流、 文字图形输入、 教学、 会议***的计算机手写板和交互 式电子白板已经越来越被广泛应用。现有用于这类产品的技术主要有电阻膜、 电磁感应、 电容、 表面声波、 超声波、 红外线、 图像处理等技术。 虽然这些 技术都能够实现手写图文的输入, 但是在某些需要表现书写者的某些书写特 征, 如通过书写者的书写力度来变化笔画粗细、 达到一定的效果的场合, 例 如绘画、 书法等的应用, 很多技术就难以适应。 即便是使用软件来模拟, 也 很难达到真实的效果。 在这些技术中, 电磁感应技术本身具有压感功能, 但 是因为电磁感应技术需要一块安装有感应导体的底板, 这块底板既不透明又 体积固定, 因此在很多场合不适用, 如需要移动使用, 或者用在平板显示器 表面。 使用电阻膜、 电容、 表面声波和双摄像头图像识别技术的手写板、 电 子白板和触摸屏均不需要使用专用笔, 因此如果不使用特殊设计的专用笔, 也很难实现压感的检测。 而超声波技术和采用单个摄像头对整幅书写表面进 行拍摄的图像识别技术所构建的电子白板、 书写屏和手写板, 一般都需要使 用专用笔, 因此存在实现压感检测的可能。 但现有技术中, 还没有针对这两 种技术的压感识别技术在应用, 因此限制了使用这两种技术的产品的应用场
合。
号码为 03158995. 2的中国发明专利公开了一种可模拟笔触的手写笔,包 含有压力传感器, 通过主控***的模拟装置实现笔触模拟的技术, 主要描述 了在主控***中利用不同压力数值来模拟手写笔书写力度的技术方案, 解决 了压力值与显示图像之间的关系的问题, 但依然没有解决压力值获取、 数据 处理、 数据传输的问题, 即没有解决手写笔内部通过什么样的结构才能得到 压力值的问题, 尤其是针对用于超声波和单摄像头图像识别技术的手写输入 装置所使用的手写笔的内部结构问题。
号码为 03158994. 4 的中国发明专利公开了一种可弯曲式压力感应手写 笔, 其中利用安装在笔头内的齿轮、 转动速度检测器、 压力值产生器, 用来 检测转动速度数据与转动方向数据, 并且根据转动速度数据与转动方向数据 产生压力值, 经由信号传输线传送至主***。 该发明采用了机械传导的结构, 虽然能够检测到书写时的压力值, 但是存在转动部件方向性固定、 容易损坏、 压力值检测的精度不高等缺点, 并且不能用于超声波和单摄像头图像识别技 术的手写输入装置。
号码为 200420040580. 9的中国实用新型专利公开了一种多功能手写笔, 其中也包含有压力传感器。 但是这里的压力传感器的主要作用是用于判别笔 的书写状态, 而不是书写时笔的力度, 因此也无法解决压力值的获取问题。 发明内容
本发明提供一种电子手写笔, 可以检测手写笔在书写状态下笔尖所承受 的压力值, 并传输到主控***。
为实现本发明的目的, 本发明一种电子手写笔, 包括: 笔杆和安装在笔 杆头部通孔内的笔头, 所述笔头和笔杆的传感器支架之间安装有压力检测传 感器, 其中, 所述压力检测传感器为输出的数值与压力大小有唯一对应关系 的连续量的传感器;
所述笔杆内设置有支持所述电子手写笔工作的电路***, 以及为所述电
路***供电的电源供应装置;
所述电路***包括压力信号调理电路和信号输出单元, 所述信号调理电 路与所述压力检测传感器的输出端连接, 所述信号输出单元与所述信号调理 电路的输出端连接;
所述信号输出单元用于将所述压力检测传感器输出的压力信号相对应的 信号或数据, 输出到与所述电子手写笔配合工作的***的指定端口。
在本发明技术方案中, 所述的压力检测传感器可以使用很多种, 电阻应 变片、 霍尔 (位移)传感器、 结构类似于驻极体传声器的驻极体(电容)传 感器甚至附加有特殊结构的驻极体传声器。 这些传感器都可以以电压输出的 方式输出压力信号, 因此传感器或者传感器检测电路的输出端可以连接一个 与传感器类型相配合的前端适配电路, 例如信号放大电路, 一般由运算放大 器构成。 如果要数字化这些压力信号, 则还可以使用一个 A/D变换器连接在 放大电路的输出端。 如果进行进一步处理, 将这些数字形式的压力数据转化 为更适合传输的数据格式,还可以再在 A/D变换器的输出端连接一个编码器, 而且这个编码器可以使用微控制器构成。 上述所有的电路单元所输出的压力 信号, 均可以作为可用的数据传输到与手写笔配合工作的***的指定端口。 其中, 因为信号放大电路输出的是模拟量, 因此更适合以有线的方式输出, 而其余两个电路单元 A/D变换器或者编码器所输出的数字量, 则可以使用有 线和无线两种方式传输到与手写笔配合工作的***的指定端口。 这里无线传 输的方式有两种: 一种是用射频模块构建输出单元, 使用射频无线电传输压 力数据; 另一种是适用红外发射模块构建输出单元, 使用红外线传输压力数 据。
上述的几种传感器可以通过合适的安装结构来检测笔头所受到的压力, 其中:
电阻应变片可以安装在能够放大因笔头压力而产生的应变的弓形梁上的 弓顶位置, 可使用两片电阻应变片, 分别安装在弓顶的内外表面, 再与两只 电阻连接成检测电桥, 输出压力信号。
霍尔传感器可以安装在两片磁铁构成的磁路中间, 两片磁铁的同名磁极 相对, 一片安装在笔内的传感器支架上, 另一片安装在所述笔头的末端。 一 块磁铁安装在磁路随笔头的末端。
也可以将霍尔传感器安装在所述笔头的末端, 并深入到由磁铁和分别安 装在磁铁的两个磁极上的靴铁所构成的磁路的磁隙之间; 所述磁铁和靴铁安 装在笔内的传感器支架上, 所属笔头也弹性安装在笔内传感器支架或者磁铁 及靴铁上。
对于驻极体传感器, 可以将含有驻极体的膜片和电极膜片中的一个安装 在笔内的传感器支架上, 另一个安装在笔头的末端并弹性安装在笔内传感器 支架或者另一个膜片上, 再配置上一般由 FET构成的电荷放大器。 将驻极体 话筒用作压力检测传感器, 可以与一个有开口端的弹性气嚢的开口端气密连 接并深入到气嚢之内, 气嚢的另一端封闭, 安装在所述笔头的末端。
本发明技术方案中, 还可以使用可变电容和可变电感结构的压力检测传 感器, 利用笔头在书写压力作用下, 带动电容的极片或者电感的导磁体移动, 从而改变传感器的电容量或者电感值的方式, 实现对压力的检测。 这两种传 感器的前端适配电路可选用振荡信号发生器, 可变电容或电感传感器均可以 连接到振荡信号发生器的振荡槽路, 后面再使用一个频率检测单元, 如频率 计、 计时器等电路单元, 来测量因压力而导致振荡器输出频率的改变。 然后 如前所述, 可直接通过输出单元以有线或者无线的方式输出, 或者再经过编 码以后, 将压力值通过输出单元输出。
可变电容结构的压力检测传感器由两个极板构成, 其中一个极板安装在 笔内的传感器支架上, 另一个极板与笔头的末端相连接, 并弹性安装在笔内 传感器支架或另一个极板上, 与安装在笔内传感器支架上的极板之间形成一 个气隙。 可变电感结构的压力检测传感器, 由一个缠绕在开口铁芯上的线圈 和一个铁芯开口前方的导磁体构成; 铁芯安装在笔内的传感器支架上, 导磁 体与笔头的末端相连接, 并弹性安装在笔内传感器支架或铁芯上, 与全部或 者部分铁芯之间形成一个气隙。
本发明还特别对于用于超声波技术和采用单个摄像头对整幅书写表面进 行拍摄的图像识别技术所构建的电子白板、 书写屏和手写板所使用的手写光 笔或超声手写笔, 给出了一种整合的技术方案。 因为这两种应用的手写笔, 自身都带有红外线发射管, 因此可以利用一个混合器, 将笔内从信号调理电 路的输出的压力数据信号, 与手写光笔中原有的、 用于检测手写笔位置和运 动轨迹的红外光驱动信号, 或者超声笔中原有的、 被用于发射红外时标信号 的驱动信号编码相加、 混合, 然后利用它们现有的发射管来传输手写笔的压 力数据。 另外, 还可以在笔身内的电路***设置一个受控于从信号调理电路 所输出的压力数据的激发开关, 通过所述电路***接收压力数据; 在接收到 指定数值的压力数据后, 控制所述电子笔发射相应的、 被用于检测手写笔位 置和运动轨迹的红外线或者超声波。
因为本发明可以使用的各种压力检测传感器都会有制造、 安装等方面的 误差, 同时还会受到温度、 湿度、 放大器的增益偏差等因素的影响, 因此即 使在笔头的压力为 0时, 信号调理电路输出的数据也很难为 0或者一指定数 值, 即会出现零点漂移。 所以在本发明的电路***中, 还设置了一个手动开 关; 人工操作该手动开关, 可以通过三种方式来消除零点飘移, 分别为: 第 一, 控制所述电路***, 将与所述信号调理电路输出的压力信号相对应的信 号或数据加上一个特定的标志符以后, 直接通过输出单元输出到与手写笔配 合工作的主控***中, 作为用于计算书写压力大小的初始值; 第二, 控制所 述电路***, 如编码器, 将与所述信号调理电路输出的压力信号相对应的信 号或数据设置为一设定的初始值, 比如 0; 第三, 控制所述电路***, 调整 所述信号调理电路中元器件的参数或预置的数值, 使其输出的压力信号相对 应的信号或数据为一设定的初始值, 比如 0。
本发明提供的电子手写笔, 由于采用了输出的数值与压力大小有唯一对 应关系的连续量压力检测传感器, 所以能够在一定范围内比较精确地测量书 写者在使用手写笔书写时的力度,一方面能够使书写的效果更接近自然书写, 笔迹的变化更丰富, 更有特色; 另一方面拓展了很多种手写板、 电子白板、
手写屏幕的应用范围, 更适合用于绘画、 书法等艺术方面的应用, 并且第一 次在计算机等数据处理设备的显示屏幕上, 用较低的成本实现压感书写。 同 时,本发明技术方案可以使用多种不同类型的传感器来实现书写力度的检测, 因此在设计、 生产过程中, 可以根据不同传感器的特点选择不同的技术方案, 以适用于不同的应用场合和环境。 再有, 本发明技术方案中所使用的各种传 感器均具有低成本的特点, 因此可以在不增加多少元器件成本的前提下, 为 现有的多种手写输入产品增加压感功能。 附图说明
图 1为本发明实施例使用无线传输单元的压感手写光笔的一种基本结构 图;
图 2为本发明实施例使用无线传输单元的压感手写光笔的另一种基本结 构图;
图 3为本发明实施例使用电阻应变片在弓形梁上的安装结构示意图; 图 4为本发明实施例使用电阻应变片构成的压力检测电桥的结构图; 图 5为本发明实施例使用霍尔传感器作为压力检测传感器的一种压力传 感结构示意图;
图 6为本发明实施例使用霍尔传感器作为压力检测传感器的另一种压力 传感结构示意图;
图 7为本发明实施例使用驻极体传声器作为压力检测传感器的压力传感 结构示意图;
图 8A 为本发明实施例使用驻极体作为压力检测传感器的压力传感结构 示意图; 构示意图; 示意图;
图 10 为本发明实施例一种使用有线传输压力数据的压力检测电路结构 方框图;
图 11 为本发明实施例另一种使用有线传输压力数据的压力检测电路结 构方框图;
图 12 为本发明实施例一种使用无线模块传输压力数据的压力检测电路 结构方框图;
图 1 3 为本发明实施例使用手写光笔中的红外发射管作为压力数据传输 元件的电路结构方框图; 感超声笔的基本结构图;
图 15 为本发明使用手写超声笔中的红外发射管作为压力数据传输元件 的电路结构方框图。 具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚, 下面将结合本发 明实施例中的附图, 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、 完整地描述, 显然, 所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例, 而不是全部的实施例。 基于 本发明中的实施例, 本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获 得的所有其他实施例, 都属于本发明保护的范围。
根据本发明的目的和内容, 本发明的实施例可以分为两种类型。 第一类 是针对各种压力检测传感器在本发明中应用的实施例, 主要说明本发明可以 使用的各种压力检测传感器的类型和结构、 安装方式和相配的外部电路的具 体实施方式, 适合于任何包含有电路结构的手写笔的一般实施。 第二类是针 对现有被广泛使用的、 应用超声波技术或者单摄像头图像识别技术的手写输 入装置所使用的电子手写笔, 本发明的特定的具体实施例。 其中, 本发明所 述的传感器为连续量压力传感器即可, 例如, 由压力力随电阻变化的材料制 成的传感器即可作为本发明的传感器。
首先说明针对各种传感器的实施例。
首先, 图 1、 图 2给出了应用本发明、 并使用红外线传输模块传输压力 数据的手写笔的一般结构, 两幅附图的差别主要在于手写笔外壳的不同。 图 1是比较符合人体工程学的手写笔结构, 图 2是最常用的手写笔结构。 图中, 101是手写笔外壳; 102是手写笔笔头; 103是压力检测传感器; 104是笔内 的传感器支架; 105是传感器适配电路; 106是压力信号调理电路的后续处理 部分; 107是压力信号输出单元; 108是红外输出模块的红外发射管; 109是 手写笔中原有的电路***; 110是手写笔的供电***。 两幅图因外壳 101 的 结构不同, 所以红外发射管 108的最佳安装位置也有所差别。 下面主要根据 图 2所示的常用结构, 结合附图来说明当使用不同类型的传感器件作为压力 检测传感器时, 本发明的具体实施例。
实施例 1 : 使用电阻应变片作为压力检测传感器
图 3、 图 4给出了使用电阻应变片作为压力检测传感器时, 电阻应变片 的安装结构和基本检测电路的结构。 图中, 301 是用于放大笔头书写压力的 弓形梁, 弓形梁的一端安装在笔内的传感器支架 104上, 另一端与笔头 102 末端相连接, 可固接或铰接、 悬浮安装, 只要保证笔头 102的压力能顺畅传 递到弓形梁上即可。 在弓形梁的开口处是一缝隙 304 , 以保证弓形梁在书写 的压力下能发生变形, 但变形又不至于过大而超出梁的弹性范围, 导致梁的 塑性变形。 302、 303是两片电阻应变片, 分别安装在弓形梁的弓形顶部的内 外表面, 分别与另外两只电阻 Rl、 R2构成电桥结构的压力检测电路, 如图 4 所示。 在图 4中, 401是检测电桥驱动电路; 402是与电桥适配的信号处理电 路, 主要部分一般使用运算放大器构成的电压放大电路, 部分情况可以采用 电流放大电路。 关于使用电阻应变片测力的详细内容, 可参照中国计量出版 社 1993年出版、 马良埕主编的《应变电测与传感技术》 中的相关内容, 统一 书号为: ISBN 7-5026-0630-0/TM - 50
实施例 2: 使用霍尔传感器作为压力检测传感器
见图 5和图 6。 可以输出连续模拟量的霍尔传感器被广泛地应用在微小
位移的检测方面。 在本发明中, 利用笔头在书写压力和笔内弹性元件的反作 用力的共同作用下, 带动磁铁或者霍尔传感器移动, 即可检测出书写的压力。 图 5给出了使用霍尔传感器作为传感器的一种检测结构。 在图 5中, 霍尔传 感器 501是霍尔传感器安装在两块片状磁铁 502、 503的同极性磁极之间, 而 两片磁铁,一片安装在笔内的传感器支架 104上,另一片安装在所述笔头 1 02 的末端。 这里利用同性磁极之间的相斥力作为笔头复位的回复力, 即在笔头 的压力 4歡销后笔头回到未书写时的位置。 因为这个相斥力的大小与两片磁铁 之间的距离唯一对应, 所以霍尔传感器输出的电信号也与笔头的压力唯一对 应。
图 6给出了霍尔传感器的另一种安装结构。 图中霍尔传感器 501安装在 笔头 102的末端, 并深入到由磁铁 603和分别安装在磁铁 603的两个磁极上 的两块靴铁 602构成的磁路的磁隙之间。 磁铁 603和两块靴铁 602安装在笔 内的传感器支架 1 04上, 笔头 102则通过弹性元件 601 , 弹性安装在笔内传 感器支架 1 04或者磁铁及靴铁上(图中所示意的是安装在靴铁 602上) 。
图 5、 图 6所示的结构各有优缺点。 图 5所示结构的线性范围大, 但输 出灵敏度偏低; 图 6所示结构的灵敏度高, 但线性范围偏小。
实施例 3: 使用驻极体传声器作为压力检测传感器
如图 7所示, 通用的驻极体传声器(驻极体话筒)也可用于笔头书写压 力的检测。 701是弹性气嚢; 702是一只驻极体传声器; 驻极体传感器由一个 弹性气嚢 701和一个驻极体传声器 702构成。 弹性气嚢 701的一端封闭另一 端开口, 开口端与所述驻极体传声器 702气密连接, 驻极体传声器 702深入 到弹性气嚢 701之内; 弹性气嚢 701的另一端, 安装在所述笔头 1 02的末端。 在这种结构中, 弹性气嚢 701的外壁作为主要支撑笔头 102的弹性元件, 其 在书写压力下产生回复力; 弹性气嚢内的空气作为书写压力的传导媒介, 在 气嚢被压缩时将压力施加在驻极体传声器 702 内部的弹性膜片上, 随着气嚢 被压缩程度的大小而改变弹性膜片与内部固定电极之间的距离, 从而实现了 书写压力的检测。 在这种结构中, 弹性气嚢 701的外壁的弹力, 是保证气嚢
内的空气不被过分压缩而导致传声器膜片贴到内部固定电极的表面、 导致传 感失效的关键因素, 必要时还要设置针对笔头 102或气嚢的止动或者限位的 机构, 保证气嚢不被过度压缩。 另外, 这种结构最好在气嚢与大气之间有可 以緩慢均压的空气通道, 如类似于皮革之类的透气性, 以保证在温度、 湿度 变化的条件下, 气嚢内外的大气压力能在一定时间内达到均衡, 但又不影响 书写时瞬时压力的传递。
实施例 4: 使用驻极体传感器作为压力检测传感器
如图 8A所示,驻极体传感器实际上是电容传感器的一种,但是因为驻极 体表面有永驻的电荷,传感器内部还如驻极体话筒一样可以内置电荷放大器, 所以在此与前几类传感器一起归类为 "压力 /电压"输出类型的传感器, 而非 纯粹的电容传感器。 驻极体传感器由电极膜片 801、 803、 隔离垫圈 806、 弹 性支架 802和电荷放大器构成(图中未画出) 。 两个电极膜片中一个是驻极 体膜片, 或者涂覆有驻极体膜状材料金属膜片; 这两个膜片一个安装在笔内 的传感器支架 104上, 另一个膜片安装在所述笔头 102的末端, 并通过弹性 支架 802安装在笔内的传感器支架 104或者另一个膜片上。隔离垫圈成环形, 安装在两个膜片之间。 另一种安装结构是省略弹性支架 802 , 直接将隔离垫 圈 806安装在两个电极膜片之间,利用电极膜片的弹力产生对笔头的回复力。 两个膜片与电荷放大器的输入端相连接。 这里, 电荷放大器可以使用与驻极 体传声器相同结构的放大器, 如使用场效应晶体管为核心元件构建的电荷放 大器。
上述实施例中所使用的传感器, 都可以以电压 (或电流, 只是不常用) 输出的方式输出压力信号, 因此传感器或者传感器检测电路的后端, 需要连 接一个与传感器类型相配合的前端适配电路, 如图 4中的信号放大电路 402 , 也是图 1 中前端适配单元 105中的一种结构。 如果进行进一步处理, 还可以 再在适配单元 105的后面加上后续处理单元 106 , 其中可以包括 A/D变换器 用来数字化这些压力信号, 还可以增加一个编码器, 将这些数字形式的压力 数据转化为更适合传输的数据格式。上述所有的电路单元所输出的压力信号,
均可以作为可用的数据传输到与手写笔配合工作的***的指定端口。 其中, 因为信号放大电路输出的是模拟量, 因此更适合以有线的方式输出, 如图 10 所示, 利用作为图 1中输出单元 107的数据线 1001 , 将压力数据传输到与手 写笔配合工作的***的指定端口。 而增加了一个或者两个后续处理单元—— A/D 变换器单元和编码器单元后所输出的数字量, 则可以使用有线和无线两 种方式传输, 如图 11、 图 12所示, 既可以通过数据线 1001传输, 也可以通 过红外或者射频的无线模块 1201传输。
实施例 5 : 使用可变电容作为压力检测传感器
图 8B是本发明一个使用可变电容作为传感器的实施例的示意图。与使用 驻极体传感器不同之处在于, 两个电极膜片 8011和 8031上面不再带有永驻 电荷, 而只是单纯导电的极板。 其余结构与实施例 4相同, 在两个极板之间 形成构成电容的气隙。 与可变电容压力检测传感器相对应的前端适配电路, 可以选用一个振荡信号发生器 804 , 即图 1 中的前端适配单元 105的另一种 结构, 包含在笔杆内的信号调理电路之中。 可变电容压力检测传感器的引出 端, 与这个振荡信号发生器的振荡槽路相连接。 当书写压力通过笔头传递到 电容传感器的电极膜片上之后, 两个膜片之间的电容将随着极板间的距离的 改变而改变, 这样振荡信号发生器的振荡频率也将随之改变。 这样通过利用 如频率计或计时器、 计数器等频率测量单元 805来检测振荡器的输出频率的 变化, 就可以得到书写压力的大小和变化。 这里, 频率测量单元 805如果使 用可预置的计数器, 在单位时间内如 lmS , 根据测量得到在笔头没有书写压 力、 即笔头空闲抬起时振荡器的输出频率, 在人工干预下在计数器内预置一 个所述单位时间内检测到的脉冲值, 将可以使频率测量单元的输出为零, 更 方便后面其他部分如编码器或与手写笔配合工作的***的数据处理。
实施例 6 : 使用可变电感作为压力检测传感器
如图 9所示, 可变电感压力检测传感器由一个缠绕在开口铁芯 902上的 线圈 903 , 和一个位于铁心 902开口前方的导磁体 901构成。 其中铁芯安装 在笔内的传感器支架 104上, 导磁体 901与所述笔头 102的末端相连接, 并
利用与图 8A中的弹性元件 802相似的弹性体(图中未画出)安装在笔内传感 器支架 104或铁芯上, 与全部或者部分铁芯之间形成一个气隙。 图 9中给出 的安装结构, 是众多可用结构中的一种, 利用一个膜片状的弹性导磁体直接 安装在铁心的开口方向, 边缘与铁心接触, 弹性膜片的中心与铁心芯柱之间 形成了一个气隙。 这样弹性导磁体膜片也就为笔头提供了回复力。 与实施例 5 相同, 与可变电感传感器相配合的前端适配电路, 可以选用一个振荡信号 发生器 804 , 可变电感的引出端, 与振荡信号发生器的振荡电路相连接,再使 用频率检测单元 805来检测振荡器的输出频率的变化, 从而得到书写压力的 大小和变化。
与实施例 1-4相同, 实施例 5、 6也可以使用如图 10、 图 11或者图 12 所示的有线或者无线的结构来传输压力数据。
上述实施例 1-6中的编码器可以使用一个微控制器***构成, 如手写笔 中原有的电路***中的微控制器*** 109。 对于实施例 1-4 , 微控制器***, 通过一组 I /O接口与所述 A/D变换器的控制端和输出端相连接, 通过另一组 I /O接口与所述电路***中的输出单元相连接; 针对实施例 5-6 , 微控制器系 统通过一组 I/O接口与所述振荡信号发生器或频率检测单元的控制端和输出 端相连接, 通过另一组 I/O接口与所述电路***中的输出单元相连接。 随着 微控制器功能越来越强大, 上述的 A/D还可以使用现有大部分微控制器上都 自带的 A/D, 频率检测单元也可以使用微控制器内部的定时器。 在这种结构 下, 上述的 I/O接口均为虚拟的接口, 可通过对微控制器的编程来实现。
实施例 7: 压感手写光笔
图 13 给出了可用于使用单摄像头图像识别技术的手写输入装置所使用 的电子手写笔的一种电路结构的方框图。 由于这种手写笔自身带有一个或一 组红外线发射管 1301及其驱动电路 1302 , 发射用于检测手写笔位置和运动 轨迹的红外光信号。因此可以在笔内利用一个微控制器*** 1303实现一个信 号混合器 1305 , 将笔内从信号调理电路的输出的压力数据信号, 与手写光笔 中原有的、 用于检测手写笔位置和运动轨迹的红外光信号相加、 混合, 然后
利用现有的红外发射管 1 301来传输手写笔的压力数据。 一般来说, 这种光笔 所发射的都是连续光, 但是这类手写装置所使用的图像传感器(俗称摄像头 ) 同样能够采集被调制成一定频率的红外光信号, 只要调制频率比图像传感器 的扫描帧率 (每秒采集图像的帧数) 高数倍即可。 例如, 如果图像传感器的 扫描帧率为 100帧 /秒,那么这个图像传感器完全可以采集得到被幅度调制在 数十 kHz的红外光信号,只要被调制后的红外光的不发光的时间不大于 10mS。 而根据奈奎斯特原理, 是要载波频率大于被调制的信号频率的 2倍, 即可完 整传输被调制的信号, 因此使用频率合适的载波, 可以以较大的速率, 完整 地传输手写笔的压力数据。
压感手写光笔的基本结构与图 1或图 2所示的结构基本相同, 只是用于 压力数据传输的红外发射管与用于手写笔位置和运动轨迹检测的红外发射管 是同一个, 安装在笔头 102之内的笔尖部位。
实施例 8 : 压感手写超声笔
见图 14 , 给出了可用于超声波手写输入装置所使用的电子手写笔的一种 电路结构的方框图。由于超声波手写笔自身带有一组红外线发射管 1401及其 驱动电路 1402 , 发射被用于发射时标信号的红外脉冲。 这里所说的时标信号 其实是一个同步信号。因为在空气中光的传播速度远高于超声波的传播速度, 因此当手写笔内的超声波发射驱动电路 1404驱动超声波发射器 1403发射超 声波的时,红外发射管 1401发射一个宽度只有几个微秒的同步脉冲给超声波 的接收部分, 接收部分接收到这个光脉中后, 标定计时器的 "0" 时刻, 并开 始计时以检测超声波在空气中的传播时间,故称这个红外光脉冲为时标信号。 因此这里依然可以利用图 1 3 中所示的信号混合器 1 305 , 将笔内从信号调理 电路的输出的压力数据信号,与超声笔中原有电路*** 1405中所产生的时标 信号相加混合, 然后利用现有的红外发射管 1401来传输手写笔的压力数据。 在接收端只要配合相应的解调器和分离器, 即可在接收时标信号的同时或之 后再接收压力数据信号。
压感手写超声笔的基本结构如图 15所示。与实施例 7相似,超声波发射
器 1501安装在笔身上靠近笔尖的位置; 红外发射管组 1502也安装在笔身上 相近的部位; 超声笔内安装有电路*** 1503 , 其中包含有压力检测传感器的 前端适配单元和控制微控制器***。
针对实施例 7、 8 , 还可以在笔身内的电路***设置一个受控于从信号调 理电路所输出的压力数据的激发开关 1304 ,通过所述电路***接收压力数据。 可以通过笔身中微控制器的软件的设置, 在接收到指定数值的压力数据后, 控制电子笔发射相应的、 被用于检测手写笔位置和运动轨迹的红外线或者超 声波。 这种实施方式可以替换这两种手写笔中原有用于感应书写压力的微动 开关, 可根据书写的要求设定启动压力, 不仅能输出书写的压力数据, 还能 够有效地增加手写笔书写的灵敏度, 消除因微动开关的压力常常较大而致使 书写不够流畅的缺点。
因为各种压力检测传感器都会有制造、 安装等方面的误差, 同时还会受 到温度、 湿度、 电路参数的离散性因素的影响, 因此即使在笔头的压力为 0 时, 信号调理电路输出的数据也很难为 0或者一指定数值, 所以在本发明的 电路***中, 还设置了一个手动开关, 如图 1 3、 14所示, 该开关可以安装在 手写笔的操作按钮组 1 306中,单独设置一个按钮或者使用原有的按钮组和而 成。 当人工操作该手动开关时, 可以通过三种技术方案来消除零点飘移, 分 别为:
第一, 控制所述电路***(一般是微控制器***, 下面相同) , 将与所 述信号调理电路输出的压力信号相对应的信号或数据加上一个特定的标志符 以后, 直接通过输出单元输出到与手写笔配合工作的主控***中, 作为用于 计算书写压力大小的参照初始值;
第二, 控制所述电路***, 如编码器, 将与所述信号调理电路输出的压 力信号相对应的信号或数据设置为一设定的初始值, 比如通过在编码器中进 行数学运算, 将初始值设为 0;
第三, 控制所述电路***, 利用负反馈的方式, 调整所述信号调理电路 中元器件的参数, 比如使用数字电位器, 或者改变电阻应变片的检测桥路中
桥臂的电阻 R1或 R2 , 或者调整前端适配放大电路 402 中差动放大器的参考 电压, 使其输出的压力信号相对应的信号或数据为一设定的初始值, 比如 0。 或者根据振荡信号的输出频率, 在频率检测电路 804 中预设一初始值, 使其 检测输出的结果为一特定值, 比如 0。
上述实施例给出了本发明可以实施的主要结构方案, 但是实施本发明的 可用结构方案不只局限于这些实施例所给出的具体结构。 例如各种传感器都 可以有多种具体结构, 还有不同的受力结构, 不同的传感器安装结构、 不同 的弹性支撑结构等等, 其排列组合难以胜数。 因此在本发明的基本结构方案 的基础上对本发明的改进、 替换、 省略、 移植等技术方案, 均属于本发明的 保护范围之内。
Claims
1、 一种电子手写笔, 包括: 笔杆和安装在笔杆头部通孔内的笔头, 所述 笔头和笔杆的传感器支架之间安装有压力检测传感器, 其特征在于, 所述压 力检测传感器为输出的数值与压力大小有唯一对应关系的连续量的传感器; 所述笔杆内设置有支持所述电子手写笔工作的电路***, 以及为所述电 路***供电的电源供应装置;
所述电路***包括压力信号调理电路和信号输出单元, 所述信号调理电 路与所述压力检测传感器的输出端连接, 所述信号输出单元与所述信号调理 电路的输出端连接;
所述信号输出单元用于将所述压力检测传感器输出的压力信号相对应的 信号或数据, 输出到与所述电子手写笔配合工作的***的指定端口。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的电子手写笔, 其特征在于, 所述信号调理电路 包括信号放大电路、 A/D变换器和编码器, 其中:
所述信号放大电路的输入端与所述压力检测传感器的输出端连接, 所述 信号放大电路的输出端与所述 A/D变换器的输入端连接; 所述 A/D变换器的 输出端与所述编码器的输入端连接; 所述编码器的输出端所述信号输出单元 连接。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的电子手写笔, 其特征在于, 所述压力检测传感 器为电阻应变片。
4、根据权利要求 3所述的电子手写笔, 其特征在于, 所述电阻应变片的 数量为两个, 分别安装在弓形粱的内外表面, 且与两只电阻构成压力检测回 路; 所述弓形粱的一端安装在所述笔杆内的传感器支架上, 所述弓形粱的另 一端与所述笔头的末端相连接。
5、根据权利要求 2所述的电子手写笔, 其特征在于, 所述压力检测传感 器为霍尔传感器。
6、根据权利要求 5所述电子手写笔, 其特征在于, 所述霍尔传感器安装 在两块磁铁的同极性磁极之间; 所述两块磁铁中的一片安装在所述笔杆内的 传感器支架上, 另外一片安装在所述笔头的末端。
7、根据权利要求 5所述的电子手写笔, 其特征在于, 所述霍尔传感器安 装在所述笔头的末端, 且所述霍尔传感器位于由磁铁和分别安装在磁铁两极 上的靴铁所构成的磁路的磁隙之间; 所述磁铁安装在所述笔杆内的传感器支 架上, 所述笔头弹性安装在所述笔杆内的传感器支架或磁铁上。
8、根据权利要 2所述的电子手写笔, 其特征在于, 所述压力检测传感器 是驻极体传感器。
9、根据权利要求 8所述的电子手写笔, 其特征在于, 所述驻极体传感器 由电极膜片、 隔离垫圈和电荷放大器构成; 两个所述电极膜片其中的一个是 驻极体膜片, 或者为涂覆有驻极体膜状材料的金属膜片; 两个所述电极膜片 中的一个安装在所述笔杆内的传感器支架上,另一个安装在所述笔头的末端, 并弹性安装在所述笔杆内的传感器支架或者另一个电极膜片上; 所述隔离垫 圈安装在两个电极膜片之间; 所述两个电极膜片分别与所述电荷放大器的输 入端连接。
10、 根据权利要求 8所述的电子手写笔, 其特征在于, 所述驻极体传感 器由驻极体传声器和弹性气嚢构成;所述弹性气嚢一端封闭另一端具有开口; 所述弹性气嚢的开口端与所述驻极体传声器气密连接, 且所述驻极体传声器 深入到所述弹性气嚢内; 所述弹性气嚢的封闭端, 安装在所述笔头的末端。
11、 根据权利要求 1所述的电子手写笔, 其特征在于, 所述信号调理电 路包括振荡信号发生器、 频率测量装置和编码器, 其中:
所述振荡信号发生器的震荡槽路与所述压力检测传感器的输出端连接, 所述振荡信号发生器的输出端与所述频率测量装置的输入端连接; 所述频率 测量装置的输出端与所述编码器的输入端连接; 所述编码器的输出端与所述 信号输出单元连接。
12、根据权利要求 11所述的电子手写笔, 其特征在于, 所述压力检测传 感器为可变电容结构的压力检测传感器。
1 3、根据权利要求 11所述的电子手写笔, 其特征在于, 所述可变电容结 构的压力检测传感器由两个极板构成, 所述两个极板中的一个安装在所述笔 杆内的传感器支架上, 另一个与所述笔头的末端相连接, 且弹性安装在所述 笔杆内的传感器支架上或另一个极板上, 并与安装在笔内传感器支架上的极 板之间形成气隙。
14、根据权利要求 11所述的电子手写笔, 其特征在于, 所述压力检测传 感器为可变电感结构的压力检测传感器。
15根据权利要求 14所述的电子手写笔, 其特征在于, 所述可变电感结 构的压力检测传感器由缠绕在开口铁芯上的线圈, 以及位于所述开口铁芯的 开口前方的导磁体构成; 所述铁芯安装在所述笔杆内的传感器支架上, 所述 导磁体与所述笔头的末端连接, 且弹性安装在所述笔杆内的传感器支架或所 述铁芯上, 并与全部或者部分铁芯之间形成气隙。
16、 根据权利要求 1所述的电子手写笔, 其特征在于, 所述电子手写笔 是能够发射被用于检测手写笔位置和运动轨迹的红外光的手写光笔, 所述手 写光笔包括一只或一组被红外发射驱动电路所驱动的红外发光管;
所述电路***还包括有编码调制器, 所述信号调理电路的输出端与所述 编码调制器的一个输入端连接;
所述手写光笔还包括: 用于检测手写笔位置和运动轨迹的红外光信号的 发生电路, 所述红外光信号发生电路的输出端与所述编码调制器的另一个输 入端连接;
所述编码调制器的输出端与所述红外发光管的驱动电路的输入端连接。
17、 根据权利要求 1所述的电子手写笔, 其特征在于, 所述电子手写笔 是能够发射被用于检测手写笔位置和运动轨迹的超声波的超声手写笔, 所述 超声手写笔包括一组被一个红外发射驱动电路所驱动、 用于发射红外时标信 号的红外发光管;
所述电路***还包括编码调制器, 所述信号调理电路的输出端与所述编 码调制器的一个输入端连接;
所述超声手写笔还包括: 用于标定超声波的发射时刻的红外时标信号发 生电路, 所述红外时标信号发生电路的输出端与所述编码调制器的另一个输 入端连接;
所述编码调制器的输出端, 与所述红外发射驱动电路的输入端连接。
18、 根据权利要求 16或 17所述的电子手写笔, 其特征在于, 所述电路 ***还包括:
激发开关, 所述激发开关受控于从所述信号调理电路输出的压力数据, 用于接收到指定数值的压力数据后, 控制所述电子手写笔发射相应的、 被用 于检测手写笔位置和运动轨迹的红外线或者超声波。
19、 根据权利要求 1所述的电子手写笔, 其特征在于, 所述电路***还 包括手动开关, 所述手动开关用于控制输出到输出单元的信号或数据为设定 的初始值或者加上一个标识符。
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