WO2011091556A1 - 液晶屏与液晶显示装置 - Google Patents

液晶屏与液晶显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011091556A1
WO2011091556A1 PCT/CN2010/000385 CN2010000385W WO2011091556A1 WO 2011091556 A1 WO2011091556 A1 WO 2011091556A1 CN 2010000385 W CN2010000385 W CN 2010000385W WO 2011091556 A1 WO2011091556 A1 WO 2011091556A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
light
crystal display
beam splitter
sub
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Application number
PCT/CN2010/000385
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李冠军
刘凤峰
李启航
Original Assignee
Li Guanjun
Liu Fengfeng
Li Qihang
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Application filed by Li Guanjun, Liu Fengfeng, Li Qihang filed Critical Li Guanjun
Publication of WO2011091556A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011091556A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133548—Wire-grid polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a display device, and more particularly to a liquid crystal panel, and to a liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal panel.
  • each liquid crystal sub-image number ⁇ film matrix electrode and liquid crystal controls the rotation of the polarization direction of the polarized white light, and the color is selected by the color filter. That is, the light rays reaching the red, green, and blue sub-images in the color filter have different polarization directions, but they are white polarized light.
  • the red sub-images can only transmit red light, and the other two colors are absorbed.
  • the green and blue sub-images are also the same. So 2/3 of the light energy is wasted.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal panel which is more rational in design and can greatly improve the utilization efficiency of light, in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal panel as described above.
  • the present invention is a liquid crystal panel comprising a glass substrate, an ITO electrode, a liquid crystal and a polarizing plate, wherein a color polarizing beam splitter is disposed between the glass substrate on the light incident side and the ITO electrode, and the other side of the ITO electrode a liquid crystal, an ITO electrode, a glass substrate, and a polarizing plate are disposed in sequence; or a color polarizing beam splitter is disposed between the ITO electrode on the light incident side and the liquid crystal, and an ITO electrode, a glass substrate, and a polarizing plate are sequentially disposed on the other side of the liquid crystal;
  • the color polarization beam splitter has an array of image numbers, each image number has three sub-image numbers or is a single pixel, and the three sub-image numbers are respectively composed of metal wire grids of different widths and periods, and the three sub-image numbers are respectively in the liquid crystal display.
  • the red, green, and blue sub-pixels have a one-to-one correspondence, that is, the metal wire grid corresponding to the red sub-image number in a certain number of pixels of the liquid crystal screen is designed to allow only a certain bandwidth and the polarization direction and the metal wire grid direction.
  • the orthogonal vertical polarized red light is emitted, and the polarized red light and other colored lights whose polarization directions are parallel to the metal wire grid direction are reflected.
  • Other green sub-images and blue sub-images are similar; a single pixel is also composed of a metal wire grid, and a single pixel has a one-to-one correspondence with pixels in a liquid crystal display; the direction of the metal wire grid is isotropic.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention can be further achieved by the following technical solutions.
  • the liquid crystal panel described above is characterized in that a metal reflective film is provided around the array of image numbers of the color polarizing beam splitter.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention can be further achieved by the following technical solutions.
  • the present invention also provides a liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal panel of the above technical solution, characterized in that it comprises a backlight device and the liquid crystal panel according to claim 1 or 2.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention can be further achieved by the following technical solutions.
  • the liquid crystal display device described above is characterized in that the backlight device is a liquid crystal backlight module with a side lighting structure.
  • the liquid crystal display device described above is characterized in that the backlight device is a reflective bowl, and the reflective bowl is a single reflective bowl or a dot matrix composed of a plurality of reflective bowls.
  • the liquid crystal display device described above is characterized in that a light-transmitting plate is provided between the reflective bowl and the color polarizing beam splitter.
  • the light transmissive plate may be any thin plate that can transmit light.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention can be further achieved by the following technical solutions.
  • the liquid crystal display device described above is characterized in that the light-transmitting plate is a light-hooking plate.
  • the use of the grating in the prior art is only to utilize its function for red, green and blue color filters.
  • the invention utilizes the function of directly emitting red, green and blue polarized light by the grating, and the reflection function of the metal line grating, that is, the metal wire grid can be polarized and split, so that the organic light will be reflected and absorbed by the absorbed light. The reflected light is reused by the device.
  • the present invention can discard the color filter 8 of the prior art (see Fig. 4) and improve the utilization of light energy.
  • liquid crystal panel of the present invention will be further described below.
  • the liquid crystal panel of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as a new liquid crystal panel, see Fig. 2-3) is compared with the conventional arrangement of the liquid crystal panel (hereinafter referred to as the original liquid crystal panel, see Fig. 4). .
  • Light is incident from left to right.
  • the color polarizing beam splitter of the present invention is provided, which has Reflective function, can achieve light reuse.
  • the color polarizing beam splitter main body is composed of a metal wire grid array, which utilizes the polarization splitting function of the metal wire grid to directly
  • the number of liquid crystal sub-images of the ITO film matrix electrode (hereinafter referred to as the number of liquid crystal sub-images) respectively provide red, green, and blue polarized light or monochromatic polarized light for controlling rotation, thereby discarding the color filter of the original liquid crystal panel and The polarizer on the light side is reflected and the remaining "waste light” is reflected for recycling.
  • the metal wire grid array directly and efficiently emits red, green and blue polarized light, one-to-one correspondence and controlled by the number of liquid crystal sub-images.
  • each liquid crystal image number directly controls the rotation of the vibration direction of the red, or green, or blue monochromatic polarized light, and the rotation of the vibration direction of the polarized white mixed light is controlled instead of the original liquid crystal display. Need to be selected by a separate color filter. Therefore, the new LCD screen can discard color filters.
  • the color polarizing beam splitter also reflects the "waste light" that failed to penetrate for reuse.
  • the color polarizing beam is provided with a metal reflective film around the array of images, it has a one-to-one correspondence with a space other than the number of liquid crystal sub-images (i.e., light blocking portions such as black frames, thin film transistors, capacitors, etc.).
  • the metal reflective film does not have a wire grid structure and only acts as a reflection light.
  • the color polarizing beam splitter of the present invention is disposed at the position of the present invention, except that the color polarizing beam splitter at this position can directly emit red, green and blue polarized light to the liquid crystal sub-image number control, at this position Since the color polarizing beam splitter is on the light incident side of the liquid crystal, it has a convenient function of reflecting "waste light". "Waste light” can only be recycled and reused if it is reflected back instead of being absorbed. The so-called "waste light” reflected by the color polarizing beam splitter is divided into two types: one is polarized light and the other is unpolarized light. Polarized light recycling requires a polarized light conversion device. The reuse of unpolarized light is relatively simple.
  • the backlight device combined with the color polarization beam splitter must perform two functions: one is the light return position retroreflection function, and the other is the polarization conversion function. Or implement one of the functions.
  • the backlight device is also a polarized light conversion device.
  • the light reflected by the color polarizing beam splitter operates between the reflective bowl and the color polarizing beam splitter as follows: see Figure 5-6, a sub-pixel grid reflects monochromatic polarized light and two other colors of monochromatic unpolarized light, metal The reflective film reflects white unpolarized light. The monochromatic polarized light is reflected back by the reflective bowl and becomes partially polarized light.
  • the partially polarized light can be re-emitted or partially emitted from the appropriate number of sub-images at other positions of the grid, and the residual light is reflected again into the loop;
  • the unpolarized light is reflected by the reflective bowl, it will be emitted and reflected at another position on the color polarizing beam splitter, and the reflected light will enter the monochromatic polarized light cycle.
  • the white unpolarized light reflected by the metal reverse film is reflected by the reflective bowl, it is also emitted and reflected at another position on the color polarizing beam splitter, and the reflected light again enters the circularly polarized light and the unpolarized light cycle.
  • almost all of the light except the reflection loss is utilized, so that more than 90% of the wasted light energy in the prior art is reused, and the light efficiency is extremely high.
  • the polarized light whose polarization direction is perpendicular to the polarization beam splitter wire grid passes, and the light parallel thereto is reflected.
  • the light reflected back by the color polarizing beam splitter is reflected by the reflective bowl and then becomes partially polarized.
  • Partially polarized light can be decomposed into two parts parallel and perpendicular to the color polarization beam metal grid, and again from left to right toward the polarization beam splitter, repeating the process of Figures 8 to 9, repeating until the light energy is sufficient use.
  • the device When the color polarizing beam splitter and the reflective bowl are combined for polarized light conversion, the device does not need to be additionally added, and is simple and practical. Compared with the three-chip projector, the light effect is higher and the structure is simple.
  • the reflective bowl changes the position of the light exit and also improves the uniformity of illumination.
  • the color polarizing beam splitter of the present invention does not repel the combination with other devices having either a polarized light converting function or a retroreflective function or both.
  • the backlight device When the backlight device is a liquid crystal backlight module, the backlight device only has a retroreflective function of changing the position of the light without a polarization conversion function.
  • the light operates between the backlight module and the color polarizing beam splitter as follows: a sub-pixel of the color polarizing beam splitter reflects the monochromatic polarized light in the same direction as the wire grid direction and the other two colors of unpolarized light, and the metal reflective film reflects the white non-polarized light. polarized light.
  • the monochromatic polarized light cannot be re-emitted from the wire grid due to the unbiased vibrating light conversion device.
  • the other two colors of unpolarized light will change the direction of light propagation under the action of the light-shading plate, and will be reflected and reflected by the reflector to exit and reflect at another position of the wire grid.
  • the reflected light enters the loop again.
  • Most of the polarized light which accounts for 50% of the light energy orthogonal to the direction of the vibration and the wire grid, will be utilized.
  • the metal wire grid array and the metal reflective film in the color polarization beam splitting sheet of the present invention can be directly formed on a glass or a transparent plastic sheet or other transparent substrate of a liquid crystal screen by a physical method such as a mature coating film or a photo-etching film. It is much easier than the color filters of the prior art. At the same time, the color filter and the polarizing plate on the light-incident side are eliminated, which also reduces the cost.
  • the color polarizing beam splitter of the present invention can be used to replace the polarizing plate on the light incident side to improve the contrast in the liquid crystal display.
  • the color filter 8 (see Fig. 4) can be discarded, its presence in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention may not be excluded.
  • the color polarization beam splitter of the present invention should be a single image number structure array, but if the light blocking problem around the liquid crystal image number is ignored at the same time, the single image metal wire grid array can be Connected to each other to form a whole, transformed into a whole piece of ordinary metal wire grid Polarized beam splitter. At this time, it should be regarded as a special form of the color polarizing beam splitter, and is not intended to limit the claims of the present invention.
  • the light source of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is preferably an LED light source, but when a reflective bowl dot array is used, the backlight does not repel the light source outside the reflective bowl.
  • the liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal display device of the present invention are suitable for liquid crystal televisions, liquid crystal displays, projections and the like.
  • 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a color polarization beam splitter.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a liquid crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is another schematic structural view of a liquid crystal panel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a liquid crystal panel in the prior art.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the operation of the light emitted by the light source in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention after being reflected by the reflective bowl and reaching the liquid crystal screen and being reflected.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the operation of the light emitted by the light source in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention directly directed to the liquid crystal panel and reflected.
  • Figure 7-9 shows the principle of polarized light conversion.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a liquid crystal display device comprising a plurality of reflective bowl arrays and a liquid crystal panel. detailed description
  • Example 1 Refer to Figure 1-10.
  • a liquid crystal panel comprising a glass substrate 3, an ITO electrode 5, a liquid crystal 6 and a polarizing plate 7, wherein a color polarizing beam splitter 4 is disposed between the glass substrate 3 on the light incident side and the ITO electrode 5,
  • the other side of the ITO electrode 5 is provided with a liquid crystal 6, an ITO electrode 5, a glass substrate 3, and a polarizing plate 7 in this order; or a color is provided between the ITO electrode 5 and the liquid crystal 6 on the light incident side.
  • the polarizing beam splitter 4 is provided with an ITO electrode 5, a glass substrate 3 and a polarizing plate 7 on the other side of the liquid crystal 6; the color polarizing beam splitter 4 has an array of images, each image number having three sub-image numbers or a single
  • the pixel, the three sub-image numbers are respectively composed of the metal wire grid 1 which distinguishes the width and the period, and the three sub-image numbers are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the red, green and blue sub-pixels in the liquid crystal display, and the single pixel is also composed of the metal wire grid 1
  • the single pixel has a one-to-one correspondence with the pixels in the liquid crystal display; the direction of the metal wire grid 1 has the same direction.
  • Example 2 In the liquid crystal panel of the first embodiment, a metal reflective film 2 is provided around the array of image numbers of the color polarizing beam splitter 4.
  • Example 3 A liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal panel according to Embodiment 1 or 2, which comprises a backlight device and the liquid crystal panel 9 of Embodiment 1 or 2.
  • the backlight device is a liquid crystal backlight module having a light-emitting structure.
  • the backlight device is a reflective bowl 10
  • the reflective bowl 10 is a single reflective bowl 10 or a dot matrix composed of a plurality of reflective bowls 10.
  • Example 6 In the liquid crystal display device of the fifth embodiment, a light-transmitting plate is provided between the reflective bowl 10 and the color polarizing beam splitter 4.
  • the light-transmitting plate is a light-shading plate.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Optical Filters (AREA)

Description

液晶屏与液晶显示装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种显示装置， 特别是一种液晶屏， 本发明还涉及由该液晶 屏构成的液晶显示装置。
不
现有的液晶显示技术中， 每个液晶子像数 ατο薄膜矩阵电极及液晶）控 制偏振白光的振动方向的旋转， 色彩由彩色滤光片来选择。 亦即到达彩色滤 光片中的红、 绿、 蓝子像数处的光线虽然偏振方向各不相同， 但均是白色偏 振混光。 红色子像数处只能透红光， 另两色光被吸收， 绿、 蓝子像数亦然。 如此 2/3的光能被浪费。
目前的液晶显示技术中光利用率低还有如下另几个原因： 1、 振动方向和 塑料偏振片的偏振方向垂直的偏振光被塑料偏振片吸收而没有被利用； 2、 彩 色滤光片上的一个像数由红绿蓝三个子像数及其周围的黑框组合而成， 黑框 也是吸收光的。 3每个 IT0薄膜矩阵电极像数中还有薄膜晶体管及电容也会 占用一部分空间。 这部分空间也会阻挡光线。 以上几点原因相加导致光能利 用率不足 10%， 亦即偏振片和彩色滤光片这两个器件浪费掉光能的 90%。 在现 有的投影技术中为了提高光效， 采用了三片液晶屏技术， ***中需要分色光， 而后再三色合光， 结构复杂， 工艺要求高。
对于偏振光转换再利用目前较普遍的做法是蒸镀偏振分光膜加玻片， 因 均是独立器件， 且成本较高。结构上多为 45度角入射，之后再分光，较复杂， 占用空间也大。 也让整个***的光学结构复杂化。 另外， 现有技术中的彩色 滤光片在液晶成本中占有较大比重， 因其三原色需要分别着色， 工艺复杂。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足， 提供一种设计更为 合理、 可大大提高光的利用效率的液晶屏。
本发明所要解决的另一个技术问题是提供了一种如上所述的液晶屏组成 的液晶显示装置。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是通过以下的技术方案来实现的。 本发明是 一种液晶屏， 包括玻璃基板、 ITO电极、液晶和偏振片， 其特点是， 在入光一 侧的玻璃基板与 ITO电极之间设有彩色偏振分光片， 在该 ITO电极另一侧依 次设置液晶、 ITO电极、 玻璃基板和偏振片； 或者在入光一侧的 ITO电极与 液晶之间设有彩色偏振分光片， 在液晶另一侧依次设置 ITO电极、 玻璃基板 和偏振片； 所述的彩色偏振分光片具有像数阵列， 每个像数含有三个子像数 或者为单个像素， 三个子像数分别由区别宽度和周期的金属线栅构成， 三个 子像数分别与液晶显示中的红、 绿、 蓝子像素呈一一对应关系， 即和液晶屏 某一像数中的红色子像数对应部分的金属线栅被设计成只容许具有一定带宽 的且偏振方向和金属线栅方向正交垂直的偏振红光出射， 偏振方向和金属线 栅方向平行的偏振红光及其他色光被反射。 其他的绿色子像数和蓝色子像数 以此类推； 单个像素也由金属线栅构成， 单个像素与液晶显示中像素呈一一 对应关系； 金属线栅的方向具有同向性。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通.过以下的技术方案来进一步实现。 以上所述的液晶屏， 其特点是， 在彩色偏振分光片的像数阵列周围设有金属 反射薄膜。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现。 本发明还提供了一种由以上技术方案所述的液晶屏组成的液晶显示装置， 其 特点是， 它包括背光装置和权利要求 1或 2所述的液晶屏。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现。 以上所述的液晶显示装置， 其特点是， 所述的背光装置为边打灯结构的液晶 背光模组。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现。 以上所述的液晶显示装置， 其特点是， 所述的背光装置为反光碗， 所述的反 光碗为单个反光碗或者为由若干个反光碗组成点阵面。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现。 以上所述的液晶显示装置， 其特点是， 在反光碗与彩色偏振分光片之间设有 透光板。 所述的透光板可以为任何一种可以透光的薄板。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现。 以上所述的液晶显示装置， 其特点是， 所述的透光板为勾光板。
现有技术中对光栅的利用仅为利用其对红、 绿、 蓝滤色的功能。 而本发 明利用光栅直接出射红、 绿、 蓝三色偏振光的功能， 以及金属线型光栅的反 射功能， 即金属线栅可以偏振分光， 从而有机会将通常被吸收而浪费掉的光 反射出去并通过装置将被反射的光再利用。 本发明通过直接提供红、 绿、 蓝 三色偏振光给 ITO电极及液晶控制， 则可以抛弃现有技术中的彩色滤光片 8 (见图 4)， 同时提高光能利用率。
以下对本发明液晶屏进行进一步的阐述。
参见附图 2-4， 本发明液晶屏 （下称新液晶屏， 见图 2- 3 )与现有技术中 常规使用的液晶屏（下称原液晶屏， 见图 4)结构排列设置的对比。光线从左 至右入射。 在新液晶屏结构中， 设有本发明所述的彩色偏振分光片， 它具有 反光功能， 可以实现光的再利用。 在新液晶屏结构中， 所述的彩色偏振分光 片主体是由金属线栅阵列构成， 它利用金属线栅的偏振分光功能， 直接向含
ITO薄膜矩阵电极的液晶子像数（下称液晶子像数）分别提供红、绿、蓝三色 偏振光或者单色偏振光供其控制旋转， 从而拋弃原液晶屏的彩色滤光片及入 光一侧的偏振片， 并将其余的 "废光"反射以备回收再利用。 金属线栅阵列 直接高效出射红、 绿、 蓝三色偏振光， 一一对应并受控于液晶子像数。 亦即 每个液晶子像数直接控制或红、 或绿、 或蓝单色偏振光的振动方向的旋转， 而非原液晶屏液晶显示中控制的是偏振白色混光的振动方向的旋转， 颜色需 要由独立的彩色滤光片来选择。 因此新液晶屏可以抛弃彩色滤光片。 同时彩 色偏振分光片还将未能穿透的 "废光"反射回去以备再利用。 当彩色偏振分 光片在像数阵列周围设有金属反射薄膜时， 它就具有和液晶子像数之外的空 间 （即挡光部分如黑框、 薄膜晶体管、 电容等） 呈一一对应关系。 金属反射 薄膜不具有线栅结构， 只起反射光线作用。
本发明的彩色偏振分光片之所以设置在本发明所述的位置， 除了此位置 的彩色偏振分光片可以直接出射的红、 绿、 蓝三色偏振光给液晶子像数控制 外， 此位置的彩色偏振分光片因为处于液晶的入光一侧， 具有很方便的反射 "废光"功能。 "废光"只有被反射回去而不是被吸收掉才便于被回收再利用。 被彩色偏振分光片反射的所谓的 "废光"分两种： 一种是偏振光， 另一种是 非偏振光。 偏振光再利用需要偏振光转换装置。 非偏振光的再利用则比较简 单， 由于彩色偏振分光片像数结构的同一性及密集性， 非偏振光的再利用仅 需要改变光线的回射位置即可。 这就要求和彩色偏振分光片配合组成的背光 装置必须实现两个功能： 一是光线改变位置回射功能， 二是偏振转换功能。 或者实现其中二者之一功能。 当彩色偏振分光片和反光碗组合成背光装置时， 便可很容易实现上述两个功能。 亦即背光装置同时也是偏振光转换装置。 被彩色偏振分光片反射的光在反光碗和彩色偏振分光片之间作如下运 行：见图 5-6，某子像素线栅反射单色偏振光和另外两种颜色的单色非偏振光， 金属反射薄膜反射白色非偏振光。 单色偏振光被反光碗再次反射回来后变成 部分偏振光， 该部分偏振光可以从线栅的其他位置的合适子像数处再次出射 或部分出射， 余光再次被反射进入循环； 单色非偏振光被反光碗反射后将在 彩色偏振分光片上的另一个位置上出射和反射， 反射光再进入单色偏振光循 环。 金属反 薄膜反射的白色非偏振光被反光碗反射后， 也会在彩色偏振分 光片上的另一个位置出射和反射， 反射光再次进入单色偏振光和非偏振光循 环。 由此完成除了反射损失外几乎全部的光均被利用，使现有技术中 90%多的 被浪费光能获得了重新利用， 光效极高。
彩色偏振分光片和反光碗组合应用时的偏振转换原理如下：
如图 7，我们可以把自然光分解成偏振方向与彩色偏振分光片金属线栅平 行和垂直的两部分， 并且自左向右射向彩色偏振分光片。
如图 8， 到达彩色偏振分光片后， 偏振方向与偏振分光片金属线栅垂直的 偏振光线通过， 而与其平行的光线被反射。
如图 9，被彩色偏振分光片反射回去的光线经过反光碗的反射后又变成部 分偏振光。 部分偏振光又可以分解为与彩色偏振分光片金属线栅平行和垂直 的两部分， 重新再次自左向右射向偏振分光片， 重复图 8至 9的过程， 如此 反复， 直至光能被充分利用。
本发明所述的彩色偏振分光片与反光碗组合应用进行偏振光转换时， 不 需额外增加器件， 简单实用， 和三片式投影机相比， 不仅光效更高， 而且结 构简单。 反光碗改变了光出射的位置也让照度的均匀性得到了改善。 除了反光碗外， 本发明彩色偏振分光片不排斥和其他的或具有偏振光转 换功能或具有回射功能或二者兼具的装置进行组合应用。
当背光装置为液晶背光模组时， 此背光装置仅具有改变光线位置的回射 功能， 而不具有偏振转换功能。 光在背光模组和彩色偏振分光片之间作如下 运行： 彩色偏振分光片某子像素反射振动方向与线栅方向同向的单色偏振光 和另外两色非偏振光， 金属反射薄膜反射白色非偏振光。 单色偏振光因无偏 振光转换装置而无法从线栅再次出射。 另外两色非偏振光将在匀光板的作用 下改变光线传播方向， 通过反光板反射后将在线栅的另一位置出射和反射。 反射光再进入循环。 金属反射薄膜反射的白色非偏振光在匀光板和反光板的 作用下， 也会在线栅上的另一个位置出射和反射， 反射光再次进入循环。 由 此振动方向和线栅方向正交的约占 50%光能的偏振光将绝大部分均被利用。
本发明的彩色偏振分光片中的金属线栅阵列及金属反射薄膜可以通过成 熟的镀膜、 光蚀刻压膜等物理方法一次成型直接做在液晶屏的玻璃或透明塑 料薄片或其他透明基板上， 制造较现有技术中的彩色滤光片要容易很多。 同 时取消了彩色滤光片和入光一侧的偏振片， 也降低了成本。
和偏振片相比， 金属线栅出射的偏振光其线偏振度更高， 因此采用本发 明的彩色偏振分光片取代入光一侧的偏振片还可以很好地改善液晶显示中的 对比度。
虽然彩色滤光片 8 (见图 4)可以被抛弃， 但在本发明给出的液晶显示装 置方式中也可以不排斥它的存在。
当显示要求为单色或黑白色时， 本发明的彩色偏振分光片应为单像数结 构阵列， 但如果同时忽略掉液晶子像数周围的挡光问题时， 单像数金属线栅 阵列可相互延伸相接而形成一个整体， 变身为一个整片式的普通的金属线栅 型偏振分光片。 此时它应被视作彩色偏振分光片的一种特殊形态， 而不作为 对本发明权利诉求的限制。
本发明液晶显示装置的光源最佳选择是 LED光源， 但当采用反光碗点阵 面时， 背光装置不排斥光源在反光碗之外。 本发明液晶屏及液晶显示装置适 用于液晶电视、 液晶显示器、 投影等。
附图说明
图 1为彩色偏振分光片结构示意图。
图 2为本发明液晶屏的一种结构示意图。
图 3为本发明液晶屏的另一种结构示意图。
图 4为现有技术中的液晶屏的一种结构示意图。
图 5为本发明液晶显示装置中光源发出的光经反光碗反射后到达液晶屏 并被反射后的运行示意图。
图 6 为本发明液晶显示装置中光源发出的光直接射向液晶屏并被反射后 的运行示意图。
图 7-9为偏振光转换原理示意图。
图 10为多个反光碗阵列和液晶屏构成的液晶显示装置结构示意图。 具体实施方式
以下参照附图， 进一步描述本发明的具体技术方案， 以便于本领域的技 术人员进一步地理解本发明， 而不构成对其权利的限制。
实施例 1。 参照图 1-10。 一种液晶屏， 包括玻璃基板 3、 ITO电极 5、 液 晶 6和偏振片 7，其特征在于，在入光一侧的玻璃基板 3与 ITO电极 5之间设 有彩色偏振分光片 4， '在该 ITO电极 5另一侧依次设置液晶 6、 ITO电极 5、 玻璃基板 3和偏振片 7;或者在入光一侧的 ITO电极 5与液晶 6之间设有彩色 偏振分光片 4，在液晶 6另一侧依次设置 ITO电极 5、玻璃基板 3和偏振片 7; 所述的彩色偏振分光片 4具有像数阵列， 每个像数含有三个子像数或者为单 个像素， 三个子像数分别由区别宽度和周期的金属线栅 1 构成， 三个子像数 分别与液晶显示中的红、 绿、 蓝子像素呈一一对应关系， 单个像素也由金属 线栅 1构成， 单个像素与液晶显示中像素呈一一对应关系； 金属线栅 1的方 向具有同向性。
实施例 2。在实施例 1所述的液晶屏中，在彩色偏振分光片 4的像数阵列 周围设有金属反射薄膜 2。
实施例 3。一种由实施例 1或 2所述的液晶屏组成的液晶显示装置，它包 括背光装置和实施例 1或 2所述的液晶屏 9。
实施例 4。在实施例 3所述的液晶显示装置中，所述的背光装置为边打灯 结构的液晶背光模组。
实施例 5。在实施例 3所述的液晶显示装置中，所述的背光装置为反光碗 10，所述的反光碗 10为单个反光碗 10或者为由若干个反光碗 10组成点阵面。
实施例 6。 在实施例 5所述的液晶显示装置中， 在反光碗 10与彩色偏振 分光片 4之间设有透光板。
实施例 7。 在实施例 6所述的液晶显示装置中， 所述的透光板为匀光板。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 、 一种液晶屏， 包括玻璃基板（3 )、 ITO 电极 （5)、 液晶 （6)和偏振片
(7)， 其特征在于， 在入光一侧的玻璃基板（3 )与 ITO电极（5)之间 设有彩色偏振分光片（4)，在该 ITO电极（5 )另一侧依次设置液晶（6)、 ITO 电极（5)、 玻璃基板 （3 )和偏振片 （7); 或者在入光一侧的 ITO 电极（5) 与液晶 （6) 之间设有彩色偏振分光片 （4)， 在液晶 （6) 另 一侧依次设置 ITO电极（5)、 玻璃基板（3 )和偏振片 （7); 所述的彩 色偏振分光片 （4) 具有像数阵列， 每个像数含有三个子像数或者为单 个像素， 三个子像数分别由区别宽度和周期的金属线栅 （1 ) 构成， 三 个子像数分别与液晶显示中的红、 绿、 蓝子像素呈一一对应关系， 单个 像素也由金属线栅 （1 ) 构成， 单个像素与液晶显示中像素呈一一对应 关系； 金属线栅（1 ) 的方向具有同向性。
、 根据权利要求 1所述的液晶屏， 其特征在于， 在彩色偏振分光片的像数 阵列周围设有金属反射薄膜（2)。
、 一种由权利要求 1或 2所述的液晶屏组成的液晶显示装置,其特征在于， 它包括背光装置和权利要求 1或 2所述的液晶屏 （9)。
、 根据权利要求 3所述的液晶显示装置， 其特征在于， 所述的背光装置为 边打灯结构的液晶背光模组。
、 根据权利要求 3所述的液晶显示装置， 其特征在于， 所述的背光装置为 反光碗（10)， 所述的反光碗 （10) 为单个反光碗 （10) 或者为由若干 个反光碗（10) 组成点阵面。 、 根据权利要求 5所述的液晶显示装置， 其特征在于， 在反光碗（10)与 彩色偏振分光片 （4) 之间设有透光板。
、 根据权利要求 6所述的偏振转换装置， 其特征在于， 所述的透光板为匀 光板。
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