WO2011085665A1 - 醚基燃料 - Google Patents

醚基燃料 Download PDF

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WO2011085665A1
WO2011085665A1 PCT/CN2011/070136 CN2011070136W WO2011085665A1 WO 2011085665 A1 WO2011085665 A1 WO 2011085665A1 CN 2011070136 W CN2011070136 W CN 2011070136W WO 2011085665 A1 WO2011085665 A1 WO 2011085665A1
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fuel
acid
weight
based fuel
ethanol
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PCT/CN2011/070136
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English (en)
French (fr)
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董书君
陈宗勇
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北京兰凯博能源科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2011085665A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011085665A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/143Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/183Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
    • C10L1/1832Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom mono-hydroxy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/238Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/2383Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel clean fuel, and more particularly to a clean acid based fuel.
  • the ether-based fuel comprises diterpene ether, ethanol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol. More specifically, the acid-based fuel may consist of only dinonyl ether, ethanol, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol.
  • the invention further relates to a mixed fuel comprising the acid-based fuel of the invention and at least one other fuel selected from the group consisting of gasoline and mineral spirits. Background technique
  • oil As a well-known, oil, as a non-renewable resource, plays an indispensable role in the social life and national defense construction of a country.
  • cars With the continuous improvement of the living standards of our people, cars have gradually entered the families of ordinary people. For example, Beijing has now entered the era of 4 million cars. Therefore, as the number of cars is increasing, the need for gasoline is also increasing.
  • China's crude oil production is far from meeting the needs of the domestic economy.
  • Today, China has become a net importer of crude oil from crude oil exporting countries, and most of China's crude oil is dependent on imports. The intensification of this situation will seriously restrict the further development of China's economy and even affect China's national defense security. Therefore, it is necessary to find a vehicle fuel that does not require the use of petroleum raw materials, and thus does not require the import of petroleum from abroad.
  • Benzene is a recognized carcinogen. It is directly affected by the evaporation and combustion of gasoline and the release of exhaust gas into the atmosphere. Therefore, the indicator is restricted in the EU, UK, Australia and Russia gasoline standards, generally not more than 5% (v/v). According to Beijing local standards, the content of benzene is required to be no more than 1.0% by volume. However, as environmental requirements, governments and relevant agencies may also impose more stringent restrictions.
  • An aromatic hydrocarbon is a gasoline blending agent with a high octane number and a high calorific value. However, it burns to cause the formation of carcinogen benzene, and it is easy to increase the carbon deposit of the combustion chamber and increase the emission of C0 2 . Generally think of steam The greater the content of benzene and other aromatics in the oil, the greater the benzene content of the combustion products. Therefore, reducing the aromatics content in gasoline is bound to benefit the environment by reducing benzene emissions from the tail gas.
  • Converting rich coal resources into fuel oil has always been a research direction. Converting coal into ethanol, diterpene ether is also an important direction for coal utilization.
  • Shaanxi New Fuel Burner Company and other units have developed acid-based gasoline additives containing 5 - 37 % diammonium ether, 10 - 60 % low-carbon alcohol compounds, and 10 - 50% C5-10 hydrocarbons. Compound, 0.1 - 5% alkylphenol to polyoxyethylene ether and 0.05 - 0.5% alkylphenol. The additive is mixed with gasoline to produce an acid-based compound gasoline.
  • Chinese invention patent application CN98112948.X also discloses an acid-based gasoline additive consisting of the following components: 15.5% diterpene ether, 42% decyl alcohol, 39% benzene, 3.3% alkylphenol ethoxylate and 0.2 %2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-phenol. Affected by this, the annual production of diterpene ether in China can now reach several million tons. However, the above two ether-based gasoline additives have high production costs and contain a large amount of benzene, so that the gasoline added with these two acid-based gasoline additives will not meet the requirements of the current gasoline standard for benzene content.
  • diterpene ether can be used to produce clean fuels, there is no need to worry about the source of raw materials, and it will solve the current problems of these manufacturers.
  • Ethanol gasoline has been used in some parts of China.
  • ethanol gasoline also has some problems, such as easy moisture absorption, short shelf life due to moisture layer, low substitution ratio and insufficient power.
  • the additives used in oils such as gasoline and diesel mainly include the following: 1) antiknock agents, which are used to improve the combustion characteristics of gasoline and increase its octane number; 2) antioxidants, which are used to improve the inclusion of secondary Oxidation stability of processed components of gasoline and diesel; 3) Antifreeze, used to prevent trace water in jet fuel from forming at low temperature, resulting in engine normal operation due to difficulty in oil transportation; 4) Antistatic agent, used for Improve the conductivity of oils such as jet fuel to prevent fires caused by frictional electricity during high-speed pump delivery and filtration; and 5) Fluidity improvers for changing the crystal shape of paraffin in diesel to improve oil at low temperatures Mobility, and so on.
  • Tert-butanol has good solubility and is generally used as a cosolvent for sterols to increase the octane number of gasoline.
  • t-butanol has not been added to an acid-based fuel containing ethanol. Improve octane number, improve combustion performance and alleviate ethanol moisture absorption. Summary of the invention
  • the invention relates to an acid based fuel comprising didecyl ether, ethanol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol.
  • the acid-based fuel has a diether ether content of 4 to 15 parts by weight, an ethanol content of 85 to 96 parts by weight, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol.
  • the content is 0.005 to 0.5 part by weight, and the total weight of dioxane and ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • the content of the diterpene ether is 8-15 parts by weight, the content of ethanol is 85-92 parts by weight, and the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol is 0.008-0.02 parts by weight. Wherein the total weight of dioxane and ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • the content of the diterpene ether is 10-15 parts by weight
  • the content of ethanol is 85-90 parts by weight
  • the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol is 0.009-0.012. Parts by weight, wherein the total weight of dioxane and ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention consists of didecyl ether, ethanol, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention is an automotive fuel.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention is a gasoline engine fuel.
  • the invention in a second aspect of the invention, relates to an acid-based fuel comprising diterpene ether, ethanol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, and at least one selected from the group consisting of t-butanol and succinimide Additives.
  • the acid-based fuel has a diether ether content of 4 to 15 parts by weight, an ethanol content of 85 to 96 parts by weight, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol.
  • the content is 0.005 to 0.5 part by weight, and the total weight of dioxane and ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • the content of the diterpene ether is 8-15 parts by weight, the content of ethanol is 85-92 parts by weight, and the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol is 0.008-0.02 parts by weight. Wherein the total weight of dioxane and ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • the content of the diterpene ether is 10-15 parts by weight
  • the content of ethanol is 85-90 parts by weight
  • the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol is 0.009-0.012. Parts by weight, wherein the total weight of dioxane and ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • the additive is t-butanol, succinimide, or a combination of tert-butanol and succinimide.
  • the tert-butanol content is 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, preferably 0.7 to 1.5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.8 to 1.2 parts by weight;
  • the succinimide content is 0.005-0.02 parts by weight, preferably 0.006-0.015 parts by weight, more preferably 0.008-0.012 parts by weight; all parts by weight are based on 100 parts by weight of dinonyl ether and Ethanol.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention is derived from diterpene ether, ethanol,
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention is an automotive fuel.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention is a gasoline engine fuel.
  • the invention in a third aspect of the invention, relates to a mixed fuel comprising the acid-based fuel of the first or second aspect of the invention and at least one other fuel selected from the group consisting of gasoline and solvent oil No. 180.
  • the acid-based fuel is present in an amount of from 1 to 99% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed fuel. Further, the acid-based fuel is contained in an amount of 10 - 90% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed fuel. Further, the acid-based fuel is contained in an amount of 30 to 70% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed fuel.
  • the gasoline is No. 90, No. 93, No. 97, No. 100, No. 103 gasoline (of which No. 100 and No. 103 gasoline have not been commercially produced in China).
  • the gasoline is sterol gasoline or ethanol gasoline.
  • the content of the No. 180 solvent oil does not exceed 20% of the total weight of the mixed fuel.
  • the mixed fuel consists of the acid-based fuel of the present invention and at least one other fuel selected from the group consisting of gasoline and solvent oil No. 180. Accordingly, the present invention includes the following embodiments:
  • Embodiment 1 An acid-based fuel comprising didecyl ether, ethanol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol. 2. The acid-based fuel of embodiment 1, wherein the content of the diterpene ether is 4 to 15 parts by weight, the content of ethanol is 85 to 96 parts by weight, and the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol is 0.005 to 0.5. Parts by weight, wherein the total weight of dioxane and ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • An acid-based fuel comprising diterpene ether, ethanol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of t-butanol and succinimide.
  • a mixed fuel comprising the acid-based fuel of any one of embodiments 1 to 14 and at least one other fuel selected from the group consisting of gasoline and solvent oil No. 180.
  • the mixed fuel of any one of embodiments 15 to 21, which consists of the acid-based fuel of any one of embodiments 1 to 14 and at least one other fuel selected from the group consisting of gasoline and solvent oil No. 180. detailed description
  • the inventors of the present invention have undergone extensive testing and screening, and it has unexpectedly been found that a novel fuel comprising didecyl ether, ethanol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol can be used to solve or partially overcome the above problems in the art. .
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a novel acid-based fuel which is a dioxane-based fuel.
  • the novel fuel comprises diterpene ether, ethanol, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol.
  • the novel acid-based fuel of the present invention does not use petroleum resources, and can completely replace petroleum-derived gasoline as a fuel for the automobile industry, and can also use ethanol derived from crops as a main component.
  • a composition comprising didecyl ether, ethanol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol as a main component can be used as a fuel, particularly as a fuel for vehicles. Instead of gasoline.
  • Gasoline is usually a mixture of C4-C10 alkanes and contains benzene and toluene, aromatics and olefins.
  • gasoline includes regular gasoline, sterol gasoline and ethanol gasoline.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention does not contain a main component of gasoline, i.e., the acid-based fuel of the present invention does not contain a hydrocarbon of C4 or higher, such as a C4-C10 alkane, benzene or the like.
  • a hydrocarbon of C4 or higher such as a C4-C10 alkane, benzene or the like.
  • does not contain hydrocarbons above C4" means that no hydrocarbons above C4 are intentionally added.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention mainly comprises didecyl ether, ethanol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol.
  • the content of the diterpene ether may be 4 to 15 parts by weight
  • the content of the ethanol may be 85 to 96 parts by weight
  • the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol The content is 0.005 to 0.5 part by weight, and the total weight of dioxane and ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • the content of diterpene ether is 8-15 parts by weight, the content of ethanol is 85-92 parts by weight, and the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol is 0.008-0.02 weight. Parts, wherein the total weight of dioxane and ethanol is 100 parts by weight. More preferably, in the acid-based fuel, the content of the diterpene ether is 10-15 parts by weight, the content of ethanol is 85-90 parts by weight, and the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol is 0.009-0.012. Parts by weight, wherein the total weight of dioxane and ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • Dimethyl ether is a colorless, odorless and non-toxic compound.
  • Dioxin is a gas at normal temperature and pressure. Its molecular weight is 46, oxygen content is 35, air-fuel ratio is 9, air-fuel mixture is higher than diesel (3067/2911), cetane number is 60 (5-12 units higher than diesel), exhaust emissions Medium CO and HC are 55% and 86% lower than gasoline, respectively. Therefore, the combustion of diterpene ether is more complete than that of gasoline, and the combustion products are more environmentally friendly than gasoline.
  • the diterpene ether has good combustion and mechanical properties and strong explosive power, and these properties are superior to those of mercapto tert-butyl ether.
  • Ethanol in this application refers to anhydrous ethanol, which has a high oxygen content (about 35%) and a large octane number (ethanol octane number is 111, 14-21 units higher than gasoline), and pollutant emissions are better than gasoline. .
  • Ethanol has a wide range of sources, especially from cassava, straw, and especially corn, by fermentation, at a lower cost. In China, since ethanol gasoline has been used, the supply of ethanol, especially ethanol for fuel, has not become a problem.
  • the diterpene ether used in the present invention can be derived from a coal-based polygeneration, that is, a recycled material for recycling and recycling of a fertilizer plant, which has a wide range of sources and low cost.
  • the molecular weight of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-phenol (CAS No. 128-37-0, molecular formula C 15 H 24 0 ) is 220, and its structural formula is as follows:
  • 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-phenol is white crystal, which turns yellow when it is light, and gradually becomes darker. It is soluble in benzene, toluene, decyl alcohol, acetophenone, ethanol, isopropanol, petroleum ether, linseed oil, insoluble in water and 10 °C caustic soda solution. 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-phenol is commercially available.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention has the advantages of high clean combustion (and thus high clean emissions) of dioxane and the high octane value of ethanol. Therefore, the acid-based fuel can have a high octane number, and is fully burned and discharged. Low pollution, easy access to raw materials and low cost.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can meet the requirements of the automobile industry for gasoline, thereby replacing the conventional gasoline as a fuel for automobiles.
  • the acid-based fuels of the present invention are also self-cleaning.
  • the inventors of the present invention believe that since ethanol has good solubility properties, it can effectively prevent carbon deposits from forming in spark plugs, combustion chambers, valves, exhaust pipe muffler, etc., preventing oil blockage and avoiding Self-cleaning occurs due to failure caused by carbon deposits and clogging.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention can accomplish this self-cleaning function without the addition of any other additives.
  • the effect of adjusting the octane number can be achieved by adjusting the content of dimethyl ether and ethanol in the acid-based fuel.
  • the octane number of the acid-based fuel of the present invention also decreases.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention has a relatively high octane number without using an octane number improver.
  • the inventors of the present invention have, after extensive research work, unexpectedly discovered that the acid-based fuel of the present invention containing a specific proportion of dinonyl ether, ethanol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol does not contain gasoline.
  • the main component particularly a hydrocarbon of C4 or higher, such as benzene, can be used as an automobile fuel, and has a remarkably low colloid content and a significantly long shelf life and induction period.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be directly used as an automobile fuel without containing a hydrocarbon such as benzene or the like, such as benzene, it is possible to satisfactorily meet environmental protection requirements.
  • the content is preferably 0.005 to 0.5 part by weight, preferably 0.008 to 0.02 part by weight, more preferably 0.009 to 0.012 part by weight based on 100 parts by total of the total amount of dioxane and ethanol.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention has a good effect.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention has the advantages of high clean combustion (and thus high clean emissions) of dioxane as described above, as well as the high octane value of ethanol and the self-cleaning characteristics, as well as a significantly low gel. Quality and significantly long shelf life and induction period.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention may be used without any other additives, that is, the ether-based fuel of the present invention may consist of only dinonyl ether, ethanol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention may consist of only dinonyl ether, ethanol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol.
  • other components or additives may be added depending on the needs of the particular application to further improve certain properties of the resulting fuel.
  • the compatibility test herein means that the additive to be used can be dissolved in the acid-based fuel of the present invention and can be stably present without changing the properties of the acid-based fuel of the present invention. Only those additives which are compatible with the acid-based fuel of the present invention are likely to be used in the acid-based fuel of the present invention. In addition, it is also noted that the addition of additives does not affect the unique properties of the acid-based fuels of the present invention.
  • Conventional gasoline additives which may be used in the acid-based fuel of the present invention include, for example, catalysts, oxidizers, antioxidants, combustion improvers, detergents and the like. These additives may be added to the ether-based fuel of the present invention after passing the compatibility test, provided that the unique properties of the acid-based fuel of the present invention are not significantly adversely affected. It is also possible to add a combination of additives to the acid-based fuel of the present invention, provided that the unique properties of the acid-based fuel of the present invention are not significantly adversely affected.
  • the method for preparing the acid-based fuel of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the ether-based fuel of the present invention can be obtained by a conventional technique in the chemical industry.
  • the preparation of the ether-based fuel of the present invention comprises the addition of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol and optionally other additives, as well as the mixing of dioxane and ethanol.
  • 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-phenol and optionally other additives can be added to the ethanol and then mixed with the dioxane.
  • ether-based fuel of the present invention is obtained by a method of physical absorption, and relates only to the absorption of dinonyl ether by ethanol. In general, countercurrent absorption is typically selected to accomplish the preparation of the acid based fuels of the present invention.
  • the invention has no limitation on the selection of the absorption tower, and a packed tower or a plate tower can be selected.
  • the present invention also has no limitation on the absorption conditions.
  • the absorption tower and the absorption conditions are selected according to the basic chemical principle and the relative content required. .
  • absorption of dioxins by ethanol can be accomplished by conventional ambient temperature absorption.
  • This absorption process can be briefly described as follows:
  • the diterpene ether gas is passed from the bottom of the absorption tower through a metering device (such as a gas distributor); at the same time, the ethanol is (or pre-mixed with 2,6-di-tert-butyl pair).
  • the indophenol and optionally other additives are added from the top of the column, and the gas-liquid two phases flow countercurrently in the absorption column and are in direct and sufficient contact so that the dioxane gas is absorbed by the ethanol.
  • one-way absorption or cyclic absorption can be used.
  • the diterpene ether-containing ethanol from the bottom of the column (and optionally containing 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol and optionally other additives) can be re-conveyed back to the top of the column and Introduced into the column, the gas from the top of the column is re-conveyed back to the bottom of the column and introduced into the column, thereby repeating the absorption process of the dioxane gas.
  • This repeated absorption can be performed as many times as needed.
  • the diterpene ether can be substantially dissolved in ethanol by one-way absorption of the absorption column to achieve the desired diterpenic acid content without repeated absorption.
  • the stability of the acid-based fuel of the present invention is much higher than that of ordinary gasoline. This can be confirmed from the induction period and the gel content after the acid-based fuel of the present invention is stored for a long period of time.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention has the advantages of high oxygen content, low vapor pressure, low sulfur, low benzene, low aromatics and no lead.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used in existing vehicles without changing the engine structure.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to an acid-based fuel comprising diterpene ether, ethanol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol; the acid-based fuel further comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of t-butanol and succinyl An additive in an imine.
  • the succinimide (CAS: 123-56-8) has a molecular formula of C 4 3 ⁇ 4N0 2 and a molecular weight of 99.09, also known as succinimide, 2,5-pyrrolinedione, succinic acid diimide, etc. , its structural formula is as follows:
  • the product is usually a colorless needle crystal or a sheet with a light brown luster. Melting point is
  • succinimide used can be a commercial product sigma produced by any process such as chlorination, thermal addition.
  • Tert-butyl alcohol also known as 2-mercapto-2-propanol
  • Tert-butanol is a colorless crystal. It is a colorless volatile liquid in the presence of a small amount of water. It has a camphor-like odor, is hygroscopic, and is flammable.
  • the melting point of tert-butanol is 25.55. C, a boiling point of 82.5 ° C, a relative density of 0.7867.
  • Tert-butanol is soluble in most organic solvents such as alcohols, esters, ketones, aromatics and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
  • tert-butyl alcohol a useful solvent and additive and are one of the most widely used chemical products.
  • the tert-butanol used in the present invention may be a commercial product produced by any process such as isobutylene indirect hydration, isobutylene direct hydration, and isobutane/propylene co-oxidation to produce propylene oxide co-produced t-butanol.
  • the inventors of the present invention unexpectedly found that the diterpene ether, ethanol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, and the at least one selected from the group consisting of t-butanol and succinimide
  • the acid-based fuel of the additive can be used as an automobile fuel without containing the main component of gasoline, especially a hydrocarbon such as benzene, such as benzene, and has a significantly low colloid content and a remarkable long shelf life. And induction period. Further, since the acid-based fuel can be directly used as an automobile fuel without containing a hydrocarbon such as benzene or the like, such as benzene, it is possible to satisfactorily meet environmental protection requirements.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention mainly comprises didecyl ether, ethanol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, and the at least one additive selected from the group consisting of t-butanol and succinimide.
  • the content of the diterpene ether may be 4 to 15 parts by weight
  • the content of the ethanol may be 85 to 96 parts by weight
  • the content is 0.005 to 0.5 part by weight, and the total weight of dioxane and ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • the content of the diterpene ether is 8-15 parts by weight, the content of ethanol is 85-92 parts by weight, and the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol is 0.008-0.02 weight. Parts, wherein the total weight of dioxane and ethanol is 100 parts by weight. More preferably, in the acid-based fuel, the content of the diterpene ether is 10-15 parts by weight, the content of ethanol is 85-90 parts by weight, and the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol is 0.009-0.012. Parts by weight, wherein the total weight of dioxane and ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention has a self-cleaning effect, since the fuel itself has impurities, the rust is mixed in the production, transportation, and storage, and the unstable components in the fuel are easily reacted, so that sediments are easily formed, resulting in The idle speed is unstable, the acceleration is deteriorated, the fuel consumption is increased, and the emission of harmful gases such as hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrides is increased.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention may further contain a detergent.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention containing didecyl ether, ethanol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol preferably further contains a detergent succinimide as an additive.
  • the succinimide contains a polar region and a non-polar region, and its polar region surrounds the tiny particles of the formed deposit to form micelles, which are dispersed into the fuel for cleaning purposes; Adsorbed on a metal or ion surface to form A layer of molecular protective film prevents the deposition of particles or adheres to the metal surface to maintain cleanliness.
  • succinimide can remove sludge and carbon deposits from the carburetor and crankcase system, reduce atmospheric pollution, reduce CO emissions, reduce HC (hydrocarbon) emissions, and reduce oil pumps. And the wear of the injector prevents the cremation plug from coking and increases the power of the engine, thereby saving energy and improving fuel economy.
  • the temperature in the engine is lower than the temperature at which the gasoline is burned, which lowers the decomposition of the succinimide.
  • conventional fuels such as diesel and gasoline do not have a detergency effect
  • succinimide is used in diesel and gasoline, a larger amount of succinimide is required to be used. The detergency caused by pyrolysis of the amine is reduced.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention since the acid-based fuel of the present invention itself has a self-cleaning action when it does not contain succinimide as described above, the effective amount of succinimide is required. Smaller. Therefore, even if the effective content of the succinimide is lowered due to the high temperature condition of the engine, the detergency of the succinimide in the acid-based fuel of the present invention is not affected.
  • the content of the succinimide when it contains succinimide, may be 0.005 - 0.02 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the dinonyl ether and the decyl alcohol.
  • the content of the succinimide is from 0.006 to 0.015 parts by weight, and more preferably the content of the succinimide is from 0.008 to 0.012 parts by weight.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can achieve clean combustion, clean emissions, and protect the vehicle.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that the acid-based fuel of the present invention containing didecyl ether, ethanol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol further enhances the function of the acid-based fuel when t-butanol is contained as an additive. effect.
  • acid-based fuels t-butanol acts to increase octane number, improve combustion performance, and mitigate ethanol moisture absorption.
  • tert-butyl alcohol is used in large quantities as an additive to gasoline to increase the octane number of gasoline.
  • tert-butanol In the acid-based fuel of the present application, tert-butanol not only exerts its function of improving octane number and improving combustion performance, but also can be dissolved in any ratio with water to form a constant boiling mixture with water, thereby alleviating ethanol moisture absorption. Sexuality, and solve the problem of gas resistance in the use of alcohol fuels.
  • the tert-butyl alcohol is preferably contained in an amount of from 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, preferably from 0.7 to 1.5 parts by weight, more preferably from 0.8 to 1.2 parts by weight, most preferably from 0.9 to 1.1 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by total of the total amount of dimethyl ether and ethanol.
  • the additive may be present in the acid-based fuel of the second aspect of the invention in a combination of additives.
  • the additive may be one of t-butanol and succinimide. That is, the additive is t-butanol or succinimide; alternatively, the additive may be a combination of t-butanol and succinimide.
  • the respective contents thereof are preferably within the above range.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention Has a good effect.
  • the acid-based fuel comprises diterpene ether, ethanol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, and tert-butanol.
  • the acid-based fuel comprises: 10-15 parts by weight of dimethyl ether, 85-90 parts by weight of ethanol, 0.009-0.012 parts by weight of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol and 0.8-1.2 parts by weight of tert-butanol based on 100 parts by weight of total dioxane and ethanol.
  • the acid-based fuel comprises diterpene ether, ethanol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, and succinimide.
  • the acid-based fuel comprises: 10-15 parts by weight of didecyl ether, 85-90 parts by weight of ethanol, 0.009-0.012 parts by weight of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol and 0.008-0.012 parts by weight of succinimide based on 100 parts by weight of total dioxane and ethanol.
  • the acid-based fuel comprises diterpene ether, ethanol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, succinimide, and tert-butanol.
  • the inventors have also surprisingly found that in acid-based fuels containing didecyl ether, ethanol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, succinimide and tert-butanol, tert-butanol, dibutyl
  • the imide and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-phenol can provide a synergistic effect, which makes the ether-based fuel of the present invention more stable in quality, fuel combustion is more complete, engine operation is safe, and power is sufficient.
  • the acid-based fuel comprises: 10-15 parts by weight of dimethyl ether, 85-90 parts by weight of ethanol, 0.009-0.012 parts by weight of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, 0.008 to 0.012 parts by weight of succinimide and 0.8 to 1.2 parts by weight of t-butanol based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of dioxane and ethanol.
  • the acid-based fuel is composed of diterpene ether, ethanol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, and at least one selected from the group consisting of t-butanol and succinimide.
  • the composition of the additive In the acid-based fuel of this embodiment, the content of each component may be within the above range, that is, the content of the diterpene ether in the acid-based fuel is 4 to 15 parts by weight, and the content of ethanol is 85 to 96 parts by weight.
  • the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol is 0.005-0.5 parts by weight, wherein the total weight of didecyl ether and ethanol is 100 parts by weight. Further, in the acid-based fuel, the content of the diterpene ether is 8-15 parts by weight, the content of ethanol is 85-92 parts by weight, and the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol is 0.008-0.02 parts by weight. Wherein the total weight of dioxane and ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • the content of the diterpene ether is 10-15 parts by weight
  • the content of ethanol is 85-90 parts by weight
  • the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol is 0.009-0.012. Parts by weight, wherein the total weight of dioxane and ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • the additive may be t-butanol, succinimide, or a combination of t-butanol and succinimide.
  • the tert-butanol content is 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, preferably 0.7 to 1.5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.8 to 1.2 parts by weight; when the acid-based fuel contains succinimide
  • the succinimide content is from 0.005 to 0.002 parts by weight, preferably from 0.006 to 0.015 parts by weight, more preferably from 0.008 to 0.012 parts by weight; all parts by weight are based on 100 parts by weight of dimethyl ether and ethanol.
  • the acid-based fuel is composed of diterpene ether, ethanol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, and t-butanol.
  • the acid-based fuel comprises: 10-15 parts by weight of didecyl ether, 85-90 parts by weight of ethanol, 0.009-0.012 parts by weight of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol and 0.8-1.2 parts by weight of tert-butanol based on 100 parts by weight of total dioxane and ethanol.
  • the acid-based fuel is composed of diterpene ether, ethanol,
  • the acid-based fuel comprises: 10-15 parts by weight of dimethyl ether, 85-90 parts by weight of ethanol, 0.009-0.012 parts by weight of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol and 0.008-0.012 parts by weight of succinimide based on 100 parts by weight of total dioxane and ethanol.
  • the inventors have also surprisingly found that when the ether-based fuel of the present invention contains both t-butanol, succinimide and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, these three components can provide Synergistically, the quality of the ether-based fuel of the present invention is more stable, the combustion of the fuel is more sufficient, the engine is safe to operate, and the power is sufficient.
  • the acid-based fuel is composed of diterpene ether, ethanol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, succinimide, and t-butanol.
  • the acid-based fuel comprises: 10-15 parts by weight of dimethyl ether, 85-90 parts by weight of ethanol, and 0.009-0.012 parts by weight of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, 0.008 to 0.012 parts by weight of succinimide and 0.8 to 1.2 parts by weight of t-butanol based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of dioxane and ethanol.
  • the effect of adjusting the octane number can be achieved by adjusting the content of dimethyl ether and ethanol in the acid-based fuel.
  • the octane number of the acid-based fuel of the present invention also decreases.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention has a higher octane number without using an octane number improver.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention may be used without any other additives. However, other components or other additives may be added depending on the needs of the particular application to further improve certain properties of the resulting fuel.
  • the compatibility test herein means that the additive to be used can be dissolved in the acid-based fuel of the present invention and can be stably present without changing the properties of the acid-based fuel of the present invention. Only those compatible with the acid-based fuel of the present invention The additive is only possible to be used in the acid-based fuel of the present invention. In addition, it is also noted that the addition of additives does not affect the unique properties of the acid-based fuels of the present invention, such as cleanliness and the like.
  • Conventional gasoline additives which may be used in the acid-based fuel of the present invention include, for example, catalysts, oxidizers, antioxidants, combustion improvers, detergents and the like. These additives may be added to the acid-based fuel of the present invention after passing the compatibility test, provided that the unique properties of the acid-based fuel of the present invention are not significantly adversely affected. It is also possible to add a combination of additives to the acid-based fuel of the present invention, provided that the unique properties of the acid-based fuel of the present invention are not significantly adversely affected.
  • the method for preparing the acid-based fuel of the second aspect of the invention is not particularly limited, and the ether-based fuel of the second aspect of the invention can be obtained by a conventional technique in the chemical arts.
  • the preparation of the ether-based fuel of the second aspect of the invention comprises the addition of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, the addition of at least one additive selected from the group consisting of t-butanol and succinimide, and the inclusion of optional In the case of other additives, the addition of optional other additives, and the mixing of dioxane and ethanol.
  • 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol at least one additive selected from the group consisting of t-butanol and succinimide, and optionally other additives may be added to the ethanol and then to the diterpene ether. mixing.
  • 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol at least one additive selected from t-butanol and succinimide, and optionally other additives.
  • For post-addition of additives if agitation is required, it should be stirred slowly.
  • the 'ether-based fuel of the present invention is obtained by a method of hydrazine absorption, and only relates to the absorption of diterpene ether by ethanol.
  • countercurrent absorption is typically selected to accomplish the preparation of the acid based fuels of the present invention.
  • the invention does not have any limitation on the selection of the absorption tower, and a packed tower or a tray tower can be selected.
  • the present invention also has no limitation on the absorption conditions. When the chemical engineering technician faces the specific purpose of the absorption of dioxane gas by ethanol, the absorption tower and the absorption conditions are selected according to the basic chemical principle and the relative content required. . In general, absorption of dioxins by ethanol is accomplished by absorption at room temperature.
  • the diterpene ether gas is passed from the bottom of the absorption tower through a metering device (such as a gas distributor); at the same time, the ethanol is (or pre-mixed with 2,6-di-tert-butyl pair).
  • a metering device such as a gas distributor
  • the ethanol is (or pre-mixed with 2,6-di-tert-butyl pair).
  • the indophenol, at least one of the additives selected from the group consisting of t-butanol and succinimide, and optionally other additives, are added overhead, and the gas-liquid two phases flow countercurrently within the absorption column and are directly and sufficiently contacted such that Dioxin gas is absorbed by ethanol.
  • one-way absorption or cyclic absorption can be used.
  • Ethanol with dimethyl ether (and optionally 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-phenol, at least one additive selected from t-butanol and succinimide, and optionally other additives) is re-delivered back
  • the top of the column is introduced into the column, and the gas from the top of the column is re-conveyed back to the bottom of the column and introduced into the column, thereby repeating the absorption process of dioxane gas.
  • This repeated absorption can be performed as many times as needed.
  • the diterpene ether can be substantially dissolved in ethanol by one-way absorption of the absorption column to achieve the desired diterpenic acid content without repeated absorption.
  • the stability of the acid-based fuel of the present invention is much higher than that of ordinary gasoline. This can be confirmed from the induction period and the gel content after the acid-based fuel of the present invention is stored for a long period of time.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention has the advantages of high oxygen content, low vapor pressure, low sulfur, low benzene, low aromatics and no lead.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used in existing vehicles without changing the engine structure. Third aspect of the invention
  • the invention in a third aspect of the invention, relates to a mixed fuel comprising at least one of the acid-based fuel of the first or second aspect of the invention and other fuels, such as gasoline and solvent oil No. 180. Ben
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used alone as a fuel for engines, particularly gasoline engines. Therefore, the acid-based fuel of the present invention can completely replace gasoline for automobile fuel.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can also be used with conventionally used gasoline, or sterol gasoline or the mixed fuel of the present invention, which may comprise a fuel and a gasoline on the one hand: ' : ", in the present invention
  • the acid-based fuel of the first or second aspect of the invention may be contained in an amount of from 1 to 99% by weight based on the total mass of the mixed fuel.
  • the acid-based fuel of the first or second aspect of the invention may be contained in an amount of from 10 to 90% by weight, more preferably from 30 to 70% by weight, based on the total mass of the mixed fuel.
  • the content of gasoline is correspondingly from 90 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 70 to 30% by weight.
  • the gasoline which can be used in the third aspect of the invention may be, for example, ordinary gasoline, and sterol gasoline or ethanol gasoline, particularly motor gasoline.
  • the labels of these gasolines may be, for example, No. 90, No. 93, No. 97, No. 100, No. 103.
  • ordinary gasoline means gasoline which is not added with dioxane, decyl alcohol or ethanol.
  • the sterol gasoline and the ethanol gasoline respectively refer to gasoline to which sterol or ethanol is added. Since the ethanol has been added to the ethanol gasoline, when the acid-based fuel of the present invention is mixed with the ethanol gasoline, the ethanol gasoline has The ethanol will change the diterpene ether to ethanol ratio of the acid-based fuel of the present invention. Therefore, when the ether-based fuel of the present invention is used in combination with ethanol gasoline, depending on the specific conditions and uses, it is necessary to consider the ethanol content in the ethanol gasoline to finally determine the mixing ratio of the acid-based fuel of the present invention and the ethanol gasoline.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention when used in combination with ethanol gasoline, depending on the specific conditions and uses, it is necessary to consider the ethanol content in the ethanol gasoline to ensure that the introduction of ethanol in the ethanol gasoline does not result in the acid-based fuel of the present invention.
  • the content ratio of the diterpene ether and ethanol deviates from the scope of the present invention.
  • the dibasic acid content of the acid-based fuel of the present invention within a preferred range of 4 - 15 (for example 5 - 10 ) parts by weight (calculated as the total amount of 100 parts by weight of ethanol and dioxane)
  • the mixing ratio of ethanol gasoline should not exceed 50%.
  • ethanol gasoline contains 10% by weight of ethanol.
  • the ratio of diether ether used should be considered.
  • the mixing ratio of ethanol gasoline should not exceed 50% of the ether-based fuel of the present invention. .
  • the acid-based fuel of the first or second aspect of the invention may be compounded in any ratio with ordinary gasoline.
  • the acid-based fuel of the first or second aspect of the present invention is compounded with ordinary gasoline in a weight ratio of 10:90 to 90:10. More preferably, the acid-based fuel of the present invention is compounded with ordinary gasoline in a weight ratio of 20:80 to 80:20. More preferably, the acid-based fuel of the present invention is compounded with ordinary gasoline in a weight ratio of 30:70 to 70:30.
  • the mixing ratio of the acid-based fuel is as high as 80%, that is, 80 parts by weight of the acid-based fuel of the present invention is mixed with 20 parts by weight of ordinary gasoline (for example, No. 90 gasoline), the obtained mixed fuel is stable in quality and can be stored at room temperature. 1 year does not stratify.
  • the mixed fuel can be obtained by mixing the ether-based fuel of the present invention with gasoline.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention may be added to gasoline, or gasoline may be added to the acid-based fuel of the present invention, or the ether-based fuel of the present invention and gasoline may be simultaneously added to a separate container and uniformly mixed. To get a blend of fuel. Slow agitation can be used to promote mixing.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention since the acid-based fuel of the present invention has a high octane number, usually more than 100, the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used to increase the number of ordinary gasoline.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used to make the No. 90 or No. 93 gasoline reach the standard of No. 93 or No. 97 gasoline, respectively.
  • the use of the acid-based fuel of the present invention can also improve the stability of ordinary gasoline.
  • the stability of commercially available regular gasoline is not good enough.
  • the power and fuel saving effect can be achieved.
  • the fuel saving ratio can be as high as 10% or more.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention is compounded with gasoline, and the substitution ratio can be increased to 0.7 to 1 (the substitution ratio of ethanol gasoline is 1.6-1.7).
  • the substitution ratio refers to the weight fraction of ethanol gasoline or the ether-based fuel of the present invention which is required to replace one ordinary gasoline. Further, by using the ether-based fuel of the present invention, the exhaust gas emission can be greatly reduced, thereby providing an excellent environmental effect.
  • the other fuel used in the mixed fuel of the third aspect of the invention may also be No. 180 solvent oil. Therefore, the mixed fuel of the present invention may comprise the acid-based fuel of the first or second aspect of the invention and the solvent oil No. 180.
  • Solvent oil in the petroleum industry, generally refers to gasoline used as a solvent, including catalytic reforming. The same uses are rubber oil, ', extraction solvent and industrial solvent oil.
  • the solvent oil refers to the front end of the refinery refining process, that is, the light distillate component at a temperature of 30 - 70 °C.
  • petroleum spirits are usually classified into 70, 90, 120 according to their 98% distillation temperature or 100% distillation temperature.
  • solvent oil No. 180 also known as an aviation washing oil, which has a deeper degree of purification and a boiling range of 40 to 180 °C.
  • Solvent oil No. 180 is used: one is good in miscibility, the other is low in cost, and the third is available octane component and high volatile matter.
  • the ratio of the acid-based fuel of the first or second aspect of the present invention to the solvent oil No. 180 may be any ratio.
  • the weight ratio of the acid-based fuel to the solvent oil No. 180 is 90:10, and more preferably, the weight ratio of the acid-based fuel of the present invention to the solvent oil No. 180 is 80:20.
  • the mixing ratio of the acid-based fuel is as high as 80%, that is, 80 parts by weight of the acid-based fuel of the first or second aspect of the invention and 20 parts by weight of the solvent oil of 180, the obtained mixed fuel is stable in quality and can be Store at room temperature for 1 year without stratification.
  • a mixed fuel comprising the acid-based fuel of the present invention and the solvent oil No. 180 can be used as a fuel, in particular
  • the mixed fuel can be obtained by mixing the ether-based fuel of the present invention with the solvent oil No. 180.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention may be added to a solvent oil, or the solvent oil may be added to the acid-based fuel of the present invention, or the acid-based fuel and the solvent oil of the present invention may be simultaneously added to a separate container, and Mix well to get a blend of fuels. Slow agitation can be used to promote mixing.
  • the other fuel is a combination of gasoline and No. 180 solvent oil.
  • the mixed fuel of the present invention may contain, in addition to the acid-based fuel of the present invention, a combination of gasoline and No. 180 solvent oil.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention is miscible with the other two fuels and between the two other fuels. Therefore, even if the acid-based fuel of the present invention is used together with these two other fuels, it can be used as a fuel for a vehicle or a power plant, such as a fuel for an automobile engine.
  • the mixed fuel of the present invention comprises gasoline and solvent oil No. 180, similar to the case where only gasoline or solvent oil No. 180 is separately discussed above. However, since the octane number of the solvent oil No. 180 is low, at this time, it is preferable that the content of the solvent oil No. 180 is not more than 20% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed fuel.
  • the mixed fuel can be obtained by mixing the acid-based fuel of the present invention with gasoline and solvent oil No. 180.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention and gasoline and solvent oil No. 180 can be added to separate containers and mixed uniformly to obtain a mixed fuel. Slow agitation can be used to promote mixing.
  • diterpene ether was absorbed in ethanol according to a countercurrent absorption method to obtain an ethanol solution having a diterpene ether concentration of 5% by weight, thereby obtaining an acid-based fuel 1.
  • the diterpene ether was absorbed in ethanol in the above-mentioned absorption tower by a countercurrent absorption method to obtain an ethanol solution having a diterpene ether concentration of 9 wt%, thereby obtaining an acid-based fuel 2.
  • the diterpene ether was absorbed in ethanol in the above-mentioned absorption tower by a countercurrent absorption method to obtain an ethanol solution having a diterpene ether concentration of 12% by weight, thereby obtaining an acid-based fuel 3.
  • Acid based fuel example 4 In the same manner as in the acid-based fuel example 1, the diterpene ether was absorbed in ethanol in the above-mentioned absorption tower by a countercurrent absorption method to obtain an ethanol solution having a diterpene ether concentration of 15% by weight, thereby obtaining an acid-based fuel 4.
  • the prepared acid-based fuels 1-12 and 1 - 25 of the mixed fuels were sealed and stored at ambient temperature overnight, and then visually observed, no delamination was observed.
  • the prepared acid-based fuel 1 - 12 and the mixed fuel 1 - 25 are placed under ambient conditions for 1 month, and then the gel content is measured according to GB/T8019, and the induction period is measured according to GB/T8018, and the measurement results are shown in the table. 1 in.
  • the acid-based fuel 5 further contains about 0.01% of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, about 0.01% of succinimide, and about 1% of t-butanol.
  • Vehicle 2km operation test
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention and the mixed fuel containing the ether-based fuel of the present invention can be used in various gasoline engines for automobiles, and the fuel consumption is Commercially available gasoline is the same or lower.
  • the results of Tables 1 and 2 also confirmed that the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used alone or in combination with various gasolines.
  • the results in Table 1 also confirm that the acid-based fuels of the present invention have higher octane numbers, most of which exceed 100.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used to increase the octane number of ordinary gasoline or decyl alcohol or ethanol gasoline, and to improve the stability of ordinary gasoline or ethanol or sterol gasoline.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can also increase the octane number of the solvent oil No. 180 and improve the stability of the solvent oil No. 180. Broaden the range of fuel for vehicles.
  • the above-mentioned acid-based fuel 1 - 12 and mixed fuel 1 - 25 were subjected to a folding process, copper sheet corrosion and lead content detection.
  • the distillation range test is carried out in accordance with GB/T6536
  • the copper sheet corrosion test is carried out in accordance with GB/T5096
  • the lead content test is carried out in GB/T8020.
  • Table 3 The test results are shown in Table 3 below.
  • the acid-based fuel of the invention has the advantages of high octane number, increased power, low energy consumption, high cleanliness, good versatility, long shelf life and wide source. Due to the high octane number, the acid-based fuel of the present invention is more suitable for a high compression ratio engine, thereby increasing the power.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention has a high octane number, and can be added to the composition to increase the calorific value component, and in the case of adaptive adjustment of the vehicle (reducing the intake air and adjusting the ignition advance angle), The consumption rate is reduced by 5%.
  • the acid-based fuel of the invention is a high oxygen-containing fuel, and the combustion pollutants CO, C0 2 +HC can be reduced by 50%-80% due to complete combustion, and the carcinogen benzene and sulfur emission coefficient is zero. At the same time, it can effectively remove the carbon supply from the vehicle and the combustion system, and prolong the service life of the engine.
  • the acid-based fuel of the invention has good versatility and can be directly used without changing the structure and parameters of the engine; and the inventors have found that under the condition of adjusting the small damper and adjusting the ignition advance angle, the engine power can be further improved and stabilized. run. Blended with gasoline in any ratio.
  • the induction period of the acid-based fuel of the present invention is more than double that of the national standard gasoline. Long-term stable storage, which can extend the time required for storage, transportation, sales and use.

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Description

醚基燃料 技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型清洁燃料, 具体而言, 一种清洁的酸基燃料。 该醚 基燃料包含二曱醚、 乙醇和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚。 更具体地, 该酸基燃料可 以仅仅由二曱醚、 乙醇和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚组成。 本发明还涉及一种混合 燃料 ,其包含本发明的酸基燃料和选自汽油和溶剂油中的至少一种其它燃料。 背景技术
众所周知, 石油作为一种不可再生的资源, 在一个国家的社会生活以及 国防建设中起着不可或缺的作用。 随着我国人民生活水平的不断提高, 汽车 逐渐进入了寻常百姓的家庭。 例如, 北京现在就已经进入了 400万辆汽车的 时代。 因此, 随着汽车保有量的增加, 对汽油的需要也在日益增加。 我国的 原油产量已经远远不能满足国内经济蓬勃发展的需要。 现今, 我国已经从原 油出口国成为了原油净进口国, 我国的大部分原油都依赖进口。 这种情况的 加剧将严重制约我国经济的进一步发展, 甚至会影响到我国的国防安全。 因 此, 需要找到一种无需使用石油原料, 因而也就无需从国外进口石油的车用 燃料。
此外, 随着汽车的普及, 大量尾气排放到大气环境中, 使得汽车在带给 人们生活便利的同时, 也带给人们各种疾病, 特别是呼吸道疾病。 近年来, 汽车尾气排放成为人们的关注焦点。 为了减少汽车尾气排放所带来的各种问 题, 世界各国对汽车尾气提出了严格的要求, 包括美国存在相关要求, 欧洲 有欧 IV标准, 日本实行了据说最严格的标准, 我国也在实行等效于欧 III或 欧 IV 的标准。 并且, 各个国家对于尾气排放的要求将会愈加严格。 例如, 美国已经同意各个州单独制定比美国国家标准更严格的尾气排放标准。 北京 在举办***的前夕, 提前实行了国 IV标准, 并将尽快实行国 V标准。 因 此, 需要一种能够替代目前所使用的车用汽油的清洁燃料, 该燃料在满足车 用汽油的功能的同时, 尾气排放更加清洁环保。
苯是公认的致癌物, 它在汽油中由于蒸发和燃烧、 尾气排放进入大气, 给人类的健康带来直接影响。 因此, 欧盟、 英国、 澳大利亚和俄罗斯汽油标 准中均对该指标加以限制, 一般规定为不大于 5% ( v/v )。 才艮据北京市地方标 准, 要求苯的含量不大于 1.0体积%。 但是作为环保要求, 各国政府及有关 机构还可能提出更严格的限制。
芳烃是一种具有较高辛烷值和高热值的汽油调和剂。但是它燃烧后会导 致致癌物苯的形成, 并易增加燃烧室的积炭而增大 C02的排放。 一般认为汽 油中苯和其它芳烃的含量越大, 则燃烧产物中的苯含量越大。 因此, 降低汽 油中芳烃含量必将因减少尾气中苯的排放而有利于环境。
我国是一个产煤大国, 煤炭储量十分丰富。 将丰富的煤炭资源转化为燃 料油一直是一个研究方向。 将煤炭转化为乙醇, 二曱醚也是目前煤炭利用的 重要方向。 陕西新型燃料燃具公司等单位已经研究出了酸基汽油添加剂, 该 添加剂包含 5 - 37 %的二曱醚, 10 - 60 %的低碳醇类化合物, 10 - 50 %的 C5-10烃类化合物, 0.1 - 5 %的烷基酚对聚氧乙烯醚以及 0.05 - 0.5 %的烷基 苯酚。 将该添加剂与汽油混合, 可以生产酸基复合汽油。 中国发明专利申请 CN98112948.X也披露了一种酸基汽油添加剂, 其由如下组分组成: 15.5%二 曱醚, 42%曱醇, 39%苯, 3.3%烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚和 0.2%2,6-二叔丁基对曱 酚。 受此影响, 我国二曱醚的年产量目前可以已达数百万吨。 然而, 上述两 种醚基汽油添加剂由于生产成本高, 且均含有大量的苯, 使得添加有这两种 酸基汽油添加剂的汽油将根本无法满足现行汽油标准中对苯含量的要求。 而 且, 认为向汽油中加入苯也必然会导致汽油燃烧产物中苯含量急剧升高, 从 而对环境和人体造成破坏。 现在, 众多二曱醚生产厂家由于产品销路问题而 处于限产或停产, 等待观望的困难境地。
因此, 如果能够使用二曱醚生产清洁燃料, 不但不用担心原料来源, 而 且会解决这些厂家目前的问题。
虽然曱醇汽油的标准现已颁布实施, 但由于曱醇的物质特性使得曱醇汽 油仍存在一些问题: 一是曱醇相对于汽油成分的挥发性差、 造成使用曱醇汽 油的发动机冷启动困难、 燃烧不充分; 二是曱醇与汽油的互溶性差, 保质期 短, 容易变质分层; 三是替代比低(即需要使用大约 1.6— 1.7份曱醇替代 1 份的汽油); 四是如果不改变发动机结构, 曱醇汽油在现有发动机中燃烧不充 分, 动力性不足。
乙醇汽油已经在我国部分地区得到了使用。 然而, 乙醇汽油同样存在一 些问题, 例如容易吸潮, 遇水分层导致保质期短, 替代比低以及动力不足等 问题。
在汽油和柴油等油品所使用的添加剂主要包括以下几种: 1)抗爆剂, 其 用于改善汽油的燃烧特性, 提高其辛烷值; 2)抗氧化剂, 其用于改善含有二 次加工组分的汽油及柴油的氧化安定性; 3)防冻剂, 用于防止喷气燃料中微 量水分在低温下结水, 导致因输油困难而影响发动机正常工作; 4)抗静电剂, 用于提高喷气燃料等油品的电导率, 防止在高速泵输送及过滤时因摩擦生电 造成火灾; 和 5)流动性改进剂, 用于改变柴油中石蜡的结晶形状, 以改善油 品在低温时的流动性, 等等。
叔丁醇 (TBA)具有良好的溶解性, 一般作为曱醇的共溶剂使用来增加汽 油的辛烷值。 现有技术中还未见将叔丁醇添加到含有乙醇的酸基燃料中用来 提高辛烷值、 改善燃烧性能和緩解乙醇吸潮性等。 发明内容
在本发明的第一方面, 本发明涉及一种酸基燃料, 其包含二曱醚、 乙醇 和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚。
在该第一方面的优选实施方式中, 该酸基燃料中二曱醚的含量为 4 - 15 重量份,乙醇的含量为 85 - 96重量份 , 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.005-0.5 重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。 进一步地, 该酸基燃料 中, 二曱醚的含量为 8-15重量份, 乙醇的含量为 85-92重量份, 2,6-二叔丁 基对曱酚的含量为 0.008-0.02重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重 量份。 更进一步地, 在该酸基燃料中, 二曱醚的含量为 10-15重量份, 乙醇 的含量为 85-90重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.009-0.012重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
在该第一方面的一种实施方式中, 本发明的酸基燃料由二曱醚、 乙醇和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚组成。
在该第一方面的一种实施方式中, 本发明的酸基燃料是汽车燃料。
在该第一方面的一种实施方式中, 本发明的醚基燃料是汽油发动机燃 料。
在本发明的第二方面, 本发明涉及一种酸基燃料, 其包含二曱醚、 乙醇、 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚以及至少一种选自叔丁醇和丁二酰亚胺的添加剂。
在该第二方面的优选实施方式中, 该酸基燃料中二曱醚的含量为 4 - 15 重量份,乙醇的含量为 85 - 96重量份 , 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.005-0.5 重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。 进一步地, 该酸基燃料 中, 二曱醚的含量为 8-15重量份, 乙醇的含量为 85-92重量份, 2,6-二叔丁 基对曱酚的含量为 0.008-0.02重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重 量份。 更进一步地, 在该酸基燃料中, 二曱醚的含量为 10-15重量份, 乙醇 的含量为 85-90重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.009-0.012重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
在本发明第二方面的一种实施方式中, 所述添加剂为叔丁醇、 丁二酰亚 胺, 或者叔丁醇与丁二酰亚胺的组合。 在另一实施方式中, 当所述酸基燃料 含有叔丁醇时, 叔丁醇含量为 0.5~2重量份, 优选 0.7~1.5重量份, 更优选 0.8-1.2 重量份; 当所述醚基燃料含有丁二酰亚胺时, 丁二酰亚胺含量为 0.005-0.02重量份, 优选 0.006-0.015重量份, 更优选 0.008-0.012重量份; 所 有重量份均基于 100重量份的二曱醚和乙醇。
在该第二方面的一种实施方式中, 本发明的酸基燃料由二曱醚、 乙醇、
2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚和至少一种选自叔丁醇和丁二酰亚胺的添加剂组成。 在该第二方面的一种实施方式中, 本发明的酸基燃料是汽车燃料。
在该第二方面的一种实施方式中, 本发明的醚基燃料是汽油发动机燃 料。
在本发明的第三方面, 本发明涉及一种混合燃料, 该混合燃料包含本发 明第一方面或第二方面的酸基燃料和选自汽油和 180号溶剂油中的至少一种 其它燃料。
在本发明的第三方面的优选实施方式中, 所述酸基燃料的含量为所述混 合燃料总重量的 1 - 99重量%。 进一步地, 所述酸基燃料的含量为所述混合 燃料总重量的 10 - 90重量%。更进一步地,所述酸基燃料的含量为所述混合 燃料总重量的 30-70重量%。
在本发明第三方面的优选实施方式中, 所述汽油为 90号、 93号、 97号、 100号、 103号汽油 (其中 100号、 103号汽油在我国还未商业生产)。
在本发明第三方面的优选实施方式中, 所述汽油为曱醇汽油或乙醇汽 油。
在本发明第三方面的优选实施方式中, 在所述混合燃料中, 所述 180号 溶剂油的含量不超过所述混合燃料总重量的 20 %。
在本发明第三方面的实施方式中, 该混合燃料由本发明的酸基燃料和选 自汽油和 180号溶剂油中的至少一种其它燃料组成。 因此, 本发明包括以下实施方式:
实施方式 1. 一种酸基燃料, 包含二曱醚、 乙醇和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚。 2. 实施方式 1的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 4 - 15重量份, 乙醇的 含量为 85 - 96重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.005-0.5重量份, 其中 二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
3. 实施方式 1的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 8-15重量份, 乙醇的 含量为 85-92重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.008-0.02重量份, 其中 二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
4. 实施方式 1的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 10-15重量份, 乙醇的 含量为 85-90重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.009-0.012重量份, 其 中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
5. 实施方式 1 - 4任一项的酸基燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料由二曱醚、 乙 醇和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚组成。
6. 一种酸基燃料, 包含二曱醚、 乙醇、 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚和至少一种 选自叔丁醇和丁二酰亚胺的添加剂。
7. 实施方式 6的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 4 - 15重量份, 乙醇的 含量为 85 - 96重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.005-0.5重量份, 其中 二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
8. 实施方式 6的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 8-15重量份, 乙醇的 含量为 85-92重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.008-0.02重量份, 其中 二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
9. 实施方式 6的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 10-15重量份, 乙醇的 含量为 85-90重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.009-0.012重量份, 其 中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
10. 实施方式 6-9 中任一项的酸基燃料, 其中所述添加剂为叔丁醇、 丁 二酰亚胺, 或者叔丁醇与丁二酰亚胺的组合。
11. 实施方式 6-10中任一项的酸基燃料, 其中当所述酸基燃料含有叔丁 醇时, 叔丁醇含量为 0.5~2重量份, 优选 0.7 1.5重量份, 更优选 0.8 1.2重 量份; 当所述酸基燃料含有丁二酰亚胺时, 丁二酰亚胺含量为 0.005-0.02重 量份, 优选 0.006-0.015重量份, 更优选 0.008-0.012重量份; 所有重量份均 基于 100重量份的二曱醚和乙醇。
12. 实施方式 6-11中任一项的酸基燃料,所述酸基燃料由二曱醚、 乙醇、
2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚和至少一种选自叔丁醇和丁二酰亚胺的添加剂组成。
13. 实施方式 1 - 12任一项的酸基燃料,其中所述酸基燃料是汽车燃料。
14. 实施方式 1 - 13任一项的酸基燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料是汽油发动 机燃料。
15. —种混合燃料, 包含实施方式 1 - 14任一项的酸基燃料和选自汽油 和 180号溶剂油中的至少一种其它燃料。
16. 实施方式 15的混合燃料,其中所述酸基燃料的含量为所述混合燃料 的 1 - 99重量%。
17. 实施方式 15或 16的混合燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料的含量为所述混 合燃料的 10 - 90重量%。
18. 实施方式 15 - 17任一项的混合燃料,其中所述酸基燃料的含量为所 述混合燃料的 20 - 80重量%。
19. 实施方式 15 - 18任一项的混合燃料,其中所述汽油为 90号、 93号、 97号、 100号或 103号汽油。
20. 实施方式 15 - 19任一项的混合燃料,其中所述汽油为曱醇汽油或乙 醇汽油。
21. 实施方式 15 - 20任一项的混合燃料, 其中在所述混合燃料中, 所述 180号溶剂油的含量不超过所述混合燃料总重量的 20 %。
22. 实施方式 15 - 21任一项的混合燃料,其由实施方式 1 - 14任一项的 酸基燃料和选自汽油和 180号溶剂油中的至少一种其它燃料组成。 具体实施方式
本发明的发明人经过大量的试验以及筛选, 意料不到地发现可以使用包 含二曱醚、 乙醇和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的新型燃料来解决或部分克服本领域 的上述问题。
本发明的第一方面
本发明的第一方面涉及一种新型酸基燃料, 该新型酸基燃料是基于二曱 醚的燃料。 具体而言, 该新型燃料包含二曱醚、 乙醇和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚。
本发明的新型酸基燃料不使用石油资源, 不但可以完全代替来源于石油 的汽油作为燃料用于汽车工业, 还可以使用来自于农作物的乙醇作为主要成 分。 迄今为止, 从现有技术中无法预料到包含二曱醚、 乙醇和 2,6-二叔丁基 对曱酚作为主要组分的组合物可以作为燃料使用, 特别是可以作为车用燃料 使用来代替汽油。 中根本无法预料到由二曱醚、 乙醇和 2,6-二叔
Figure imgf000007_0001
工 或动力设备的 κ 、 、
汽油通常是 C4-C10烷烃的混合物, 并含有苯和曱苯、 芳烃与烯烃等物
、 本文中 "汽油" 包括普通汽油、 曱醇汽油和乙醇汽油。
本发明的酸基燃料不含汽油主要组分, 即本发明的酸基燃料不含有 C4 以上烃, 例如 C4-C10烷烃、 苯等等。 在本文中, "不含有 C4以上烃" 是指 不有意添加 C4以上烃。
本发明的酸基燃料主要包含二曱醚、 乙醇和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚。 一般 而言, 在本发明的酸基燃料中, 二曱醚的含量可以为 4 - 15重量份, 而乙醇 的含量可以为 85 - 96重量份 , 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.005-0.5重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。 优选地, 在该酸基燃料中, 二曱 醚的含量为 8-15重量份, 乙醇的含量为 85-92重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚 的含量为 0.008-0.02重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。 更 优选地,在该酸基燃料中,二曱醚的含量为 10-15重量份,乙醇的含量为 85-90 重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.009-0.012重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙 醇的总重量为 100重量份。
下面对这三种组分进行详细描述。
二曱醚是一种无色、 无味且无毒的化合物。 二曱醚在常温和常压下为气 体。 其分子量为 46, 含氧量为 35 , 空燃比为 9, 空燃混合气热值高于柴油 ( 3067/2911 ) , 十六烷值为 60 (比柴油高 5 - 12个单位) , 尾气排放中 CO 和 HC比汽油分别低 55 %和 86 %。 因此, 二曱醚的燃烧比汽油更完全, 燃烧 产物比汽油更环保。 二曱醚的燃烧性能和机械性能好, 爆发力强, 这些性能 都优于曱基叔丁基醚。 乙醇在本申请中是指无水乙醇, 其含氧量高(约 35 % ) , 辛烷值大(乙 醇辛烷值为 111 , 比汽油高 14 - 21个单位) , 污染排放物优于汽油。 乙醇的 来源广泛, 特别是可以由发酵法由木薯、 秸秆, 特别是玉米制备, 成本较低。 在我国, 由于乙醇汽油已经得到使用, 因此乙醇, 特别是用于燃料的乙醇的 供应已经不成为问题。
本发明所使用的二曱醚可以来自煤基多联产即化肥厂废弃循环利用之 再生材料, 来源广泛, 并且成本低廉。
2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚(CAS 号 128-37-0, 分子式 C15H240 ) 的分子量为 220, 其结构式如下:
/ 。 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚为白色结晶, 遇光颜色变黄, 并逐渐 变深。 其可溶于苯、 曱苯、 曱醇、 曱乙酮、 乙醇、 异丙醇、 石油醚、 亚麻子 油, 不溶于水及 10 °C烧碱溶液。 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚可以商购得到。
本发明的酸基燃料同时具有二曱醚的高洁净燃烧(因而高洁净排放) 的 优点以及乙醇的高辛烷值的优点, 因此, 该酸基燃料能够具有辛烷值高, 燃 烧充分, 排放污染低, 原料易得和成本低廉的优势。 本发明的酸基燃料能够 满足汽车产业对汽油的各项要求, 从而代替常用汽油作为汽车的燃料使用。
更特别的是, 本发明的酸基燃料还具有自清洁的特点。 不希望受限于具 体理论, 本发明的发明人认为由于乙醇具有良好的溶解性能, 能有效避免在 火花塞、 燃烧室、 气门、 排气管***等部位形成积炭, 防止油路堵塞, 并 避免因积炭和堵塞而引起的故障, 故而产生了自清洁作用。 令人惊讶地是, 本发明的醚基燃料可以在不添加任何其它添加剂的情况下, 完成这种自清洁 功能。
可以通过调节酸基燃料中二曱醚和乙醇的含量, 来达到调节辛烷值的作 用。 一般而言, 随着乙醇的含量降低, 本发明的酸基燃料的辛烷值也会随之 降低。 但是, 由于乙醇本身的辛烷值非常高, 因此, 在不使用辛烷值改进剂 的情况下, 本发明的酸基燃料的辛烷值都会比较高。
本发明的发明人经过大量的研究工作, 预料不到地发现, 本发明的含有 特定比例的二曱醚、 乙醇和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的酸基燃料, 在不含有汽油 主要组分, 特别是 C4 以上的烃例如苯等的情况下, 就能够作为汽车燃料使 用, 并且具有显著低的胶质含量以及显著长的保质时间和诱导期。 而且, 由 于本发明的酸基燃料可以在不含有 C4以上的烃例如苯等的情况下直接作为 汽车燃料使用, 因而能够极好地满足环境保护的要求。 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚 的优选含量为 0.005-0.5重量份,优选为 0.008 - 0.02重量份, 更优选为 0.009 - 0.012重量份, 基于 100重量份的二曱醚和乙醇总量。
当二曱醚、 乙醇以及 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量在上述范围内时, 本发 明的酸基燃料具有较好的效果。 本发明的酸基燃料除了如上所述具有二曱醚 的高洁净燃烧(因而高洁净排放) 的优点以及乙醇的高辛烷值的优点以及自 清洁的特点之外, 还同时具有显著低的胶质含量以及显著长的保质时间和诱 导期。
本发明的醚基燃料可以不使用任何其它添加剂, 也就是说, 本发明的醚 基燃料可以仅仅由二曱醚、 乙醇和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚组成。 然而, 根据具 体应用的需要, 也可以加入其它组分或者添加剂, 以便进一步改善所得燃料 的某些性能。
由于本发明的新型酸基燃料不同于常规燃料(例如汽油和柴油), 因此, 常规的汽油添加剂并不一定能够用于本发明的酸基燃料。 在将常规的添加剂 用于本发明的酸基燃料之前, 必须首先进行相容性试验。 这里的相容性试验 是指待使用的添加剂可以溶于本发明的酸基燃料中, 并能够保持稳定存在, 而且不改变本发明酸基燃料的性状。 只有那些与本发明的酸基燃料可以相容 的添加剂才有可能用于本发明的酸基燃料中。 此外, 还需要注意添加剂的加 入也不能够影响本发明酸基燃料的独特性能。
可能用于本发明酸基燃料的常规汽油添加剂包括, 例如, 催化剂、 增燃 剂、 抗氧化剂、 助燃剂、 清净剂等等。 经过相容性试验检验合格后, 可以将 这些添加剂加入到本发明的醚基燃料中, 条件是不显著有害地影响本发明的 酸基燃料的独特性能即可。也可以在本发明的酸基燃料中加入添加剂的组合, 条件是不显著有害地影响本发明的酸基燃料的独特性能即可。
发明人通过大量试验发现, 某些市售的添加剂产品是可以用于本发明的 酸基燃料的, 例如石化研究院生产的乙醇汽油清净剂, 河南新乡四特节油剂 厂生产的燃油节油清净剂等诸多能够与此酸基燃料可以相容的抗爆剂、 催化 剂、 增燃剂、 抗氧化剂、 助燃剂、 金属钝化剂、 緩蚀剂、 防水剂、 防腐蚀剂、 消烟剂等添加剂产品。
对于制备本发明的酸基燃料的方法没有特别限制, 可以通过化工领域常 规技术获得本发明的醚基燃料。 本发明醚基燃料的制备包括 2,6-二叔丁基对 曱酚以及任选的其它添加剂的加入, 以及二曱醚和乙醇的混合。 一般而言, 可以将 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚以及任选的其它添加剂加入到乙醇中, 然后再与 二曱醚混合。 然而, 也可以先进行二曱醚和乙醇的混合, 然后再加入 2,6-二 叔丁基对曱酚以及任选的其它添加剂。 对于后加入添加剂而言, 如果需要搅 拌, 则应该緩慢搅拌。 对于二曱醚和乙醇的混合而言, 通常可以釆用气体吸 体与气体的混合是化工领域的常规技术。 本发明醚基燃料的获得是釆用物理 吸收的方法获得的, 仅仅涉及乙醇对二曱醚的吸收。 一般而言, 通常选择逆 流吸收, 来完成本发明酸基燃料的制备。 本发明对于吸收塔的选择并没有任 何限制, 可以选择填料塔、板式塔。 本发明对于吸收条件同样没有任何限制, 化学工程技术人员在面对乙醇对二曱醚气体的吸收这一具体目的时, 会根据 基本化工原理, 以及所需的相对含量来选择吸收塔和吸收条件。 通常而言, 常规常温吸收即可完成乙醇对二曱醚的吸收。
这种吸收过程可以简述如下: 使得二曱醚气体经过定量计量设备(如气 体分布器)从吸收塔底部进入; 与此同时, 使得乙醇 (或者预先混合有 2,6-二 叔丁基对曱酚以及任选的其它添加剂的乙醇)从塔顶加入,气液两相在吸收塔 内逆向流动, 并直接并充分接触, 使得二曱醚气体被乙醇所吸收。 根据吸收 塔的选择及其效率的不同, 可以釆用单程吸收或者循环吸收。 对于循环吸收 而言, 可以将自塔底出来的含有二曱醚的乙醇(并任选地含有 2,6-二叔丁基 对曱酚以及任选的其它添加剂)重新输送回到塔顶并引入到塔内, 将塔顶出 来的气体重新输送回到塔底并引入到塔内,由此重复二曱醚气体的吸收过程。 这种重复吸收根据需要可以进行多次。 然而, 本领域技术人员也可以知道, 通过吸收塔的单程吸收就可以基本上将二曱醚溶于乙醇中, 获得所需的二曱 酸含量而无需重复吸收。
本发明的酸基燃料的稳定性远远高于普通汽油。 这可以从本发明的酸基 燃料长时间存放之后的诱导期和胶质含量得以证明。
本发明的发明人发现, 本发明的醚基燃料具有高氧含量、 低蒸汽压、 低 硫、 低苯、 低芳烃和无铅的优点。 本发明的酸基燃料可以用于现有的车辆, 而无需改变发动机结构。 本发明的第二方面
本发明的第二方面涉及一种酸基燃料, 包含二曱醚、 乙醇和 2,6-二叔丁 基对曱酚; 所述酸基燃料还含有至少一种选自叔丁醇和丁二酰亚胺中的添加 剂。
以下详细描述所述添加剂。
丁二酰亚胺 (CAS: 123-56-8)的分子式为 C4¾N02,分子量为 99.09, 亦称 为琥珀酰亚胺、 2,5-吡咯啉二酮、 琥珀酸二酰亚胺等, 其结构式如下所示:
H 其产品通常为无色针状结晶或具有淡褐色光泽的薄片。 熔点为
123-127°C , 沸点为 285-290 °C (易分解), 闪点为 201 °C , 相对密度为 1.412 (16°C)。 易溶于水、 醇或氢氧化钠溶液, 不溶于醚和氯仿等。 味甜。 本发明 所使用的丁二酰亚胺可为通过任何工艺(如氯化、 热加合)生产的商业化的产 口 σ。
叔丁醇 (ΤΒΑ , tert-butyl alcohol ) 又称 2-曱基 -2-丙醇等, 分子式为 C(CH3)3OH, 分子量为 74.12。 叔丁醇是无色的结晶, 有少量水存在时为无色 挥发性液体,有类似樟脑的气味,有吸湿性, 易燃。叔丁醇的熔点为 25.55。C, 沸点为 82.5°C,相对密度为 0.7867。叔丁醇可溶于大多数有机溶剂,如醇类、 酯类、 酮类、 芳香族及脂肪烃类。 这些性质使叔丁醇成为有用的溶剂和添加 剂, 是具有广泛用途的化工产品之一。 本发明所使用的叔丁醇可为通过任何 工艺 (如异丁烯间接水合法、 异丁烯直接水合法和异丁烷 /丙烯共氧化法生产 环氧丙烷联产叔丁醇)生产的商业化的产品。
同样地, 本发明的发明人预料不到地发现, 该含有二曱醚、 乙醇、 2,6- 二叔丁基对曱酚和所述至少一种选自叔丁醇和丁二酰亚胺中的添加剂的酸基 燃料, 在不含有汽油主要组分, 特别是 C4 以上的烃, 例如苯等的情况下, 就能够作为汽车燃料使用, 并且具有显著低的胶质含量以及显著长的保质时 间和诱导期。 而且, 由于该酸基燃料可以在不含有 C4以上的烃例如苯等的 情况下直接作为汽车燃料使用, 因而能够极好地满足环境保护的要求。
本发明的酸基燃料主要包含二曱醚、 乙醇、 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚和所述 至少一种选自叔丁醇和丁二酰亚胺中的添加剂。 一般而言, 在本发明的酸基 燃料中, 二曱醚的含量可以为 4 - 15 重量份, 而乙醇的含量可以为 85 - 96 重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.005-0.5重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇 的总重量为 100重量份。 优选地, 在该酸基燃料中, 二曱醚的含量为 8-15重 量份, 乙醇的含量为 85-92重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.008-0.02 重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。 更优选地, 在该酸基燃 料中, 二曱醚的含量为 10-15重量份, 乙醇的含量为 85-90重量份, 2,6-二叔 丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.009-0.012重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100 重量份。
虽然本发明的酸基燃料具有自清洁作用, 但是由于燃料本身存在杂质, 生产、 运输、 贮存过程中掺入锈渣, 以及燃料中的不安定组分易发生反应, 因此容易生成沉积物, 导致怠速不稳, 加速性变差, 油耗增加, 碳氢化合物、 一氧化碳和氮化物等有害气体排放增加。 为进一步增强本发明的酸基燃料的 清洁作用, 进一步增加油路***的清洁以及减少发动机积碳的产生, 本发明 的醚基燃料还可以含有清净剂。
发明人发现, 本发明含有二曱醚、 乙醇和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的酸基燃 料优选还可以含有清净剂丁二酰亚胺作为添加剂。 丁二酰亚胺含有极性区和 非极性区, 其极性区将已形成的沉积物的微小颗粒包围起来形成胶束, 分散 到燃料中, 达到清洗的目的; 其非极性区优先吸附在金属或离子表面, 形成 了一层分子保护膜, 防止了粒子的聚集沉积或在金属表面粘附, 起到保持清 洁的作用。 因此, 丁二酰亚胺可以起到除去汽化器和曲轴箱***的油泥和积 碳的效果,减少对大气环境的污染,减少 CO的排放,减少 HC (碳氢化合物) 的排放, 还能够减少油泵和喷油嘴的磨损, 防止火化塞结焦, 并提高发动机 的功率, 从而节约能源, 并提高燃料的经济性。
迄今为止, 汽油添加剂领域中倾向于认为丁二酰亚胺由于热稳定性不 足, 而无法在少量使用时达到有效清洁效果。 然而, 本发明的发明人预料不 到地发现, 在本发明的酸基燃料中可以使用较低水平的丁二酰亚胺, 就可以 有效提高本发明酸基燃料的清净效果。 虽然不意图受到具体理论的限制, 本 发明的发明人认为, 在本发明中少量丁二酰亚胺即可发挥效用的理由可以做 如下解释: 第一, 与常规汽油的放热反应不同, 本发明的酸基燃料的燃烧是 吸热反应, 因此, 本发明酸基燃料燃烧时, 发动机内的温度低于汽油燃烧时 的温度, 这就会降低丁二酰亚胺的分解。 第二, 由于常规燃料, 例如柴油和 汽油本身没有清净作用, 因此当丁二酰亚胺用于柴油和汽油中, 需要使用较 大量的丁二酰亚胺,来 ·ί氏消丁二酰亚胺高温分解造成的清净作用降低。然而, 在本发明的酸基燃料中, 由于如上所述, 本发明的酸基燃料本身在不包含丁 二酰亚胺时就具有自清洁作用, 因此, 对丁二酰亚胺的有效用量要求较小。 因此, 即使由于发动机的高温条件, 丁二酰亚胺的有效含量降低了, 也不影 响丁二酰亚胺在本发明的酸基燃料中的清净作用。
在本发明的酸基燃料中, 当其含有丁二酰亚胺时, 以二曱醚和曱醇的总 重量为 100重量份计,丁二酰亚胺的含量可以为 0.005 - 0.02重量份,优选地, 丁二酰亚胺的含量为 0.006 - 0.015重量份,更优选丁二酰亚胺的含量为 0.008 - 0.012重量份。
因此, 本发明的酸基燃料可以实现清洁燃烧、 清洁排放以及保护车辆的 作用。
本发明的发明人发现, 本发明含有二曱醚、 乙醇和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚 的酸基燃料在含有叔丁醇作为添加剂时, 会进一步提高该酸基燃料的功能和 效果。 在酸基燃料中, 叔丁醇会起到提高辛烷值、 改善燃烧性能和緩解乙醇 吸潮性等作用。 在现有技术的汽油中, 叔丁醇就大量用于汽油的添加剂, 以 提高汽油的辛烷值。 在本申请的酸基燃料中, 叔丁醇不仅发挥它的提高辛烷 值和改善燃烧性能的作用, 而且还能够与水按任何比例溶解, 与水形成恒沸 混合物, 由此緩解乙醇吸潮性, 并在醇类燃料的使用中解决气阻问题。 叔丁 醇的优选含量为 0.5 - 2重量份,优选 0.7-1.5重量份, 更优选 0.8-1.2重量份, 最优选 0.9 - 1.1重量份, 基于 100重量份的二曱醚和乙醇总量。
在本发明中, 所述添加剂可以以添加剂的组合的方式存在于本发明第二 方面的酸基燃料中。例如,所述添加剂可以为叔丁醇和丁二酰亚胺中的一种, 即所述添加剂为叔丁醇或者丁二酰亚胺; 或者, 所述添加剂可以为叔丁醇和 丁二酰亚胺的组合。 在本发明中, 不管叔丁醇和丁二酰亚胺是单独作为添加 剂使用, 还是以组合的方式作为添加剂使用, 其各自的含量优选在上述范围 之内。
当二曱醚、 乙醇、 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚以及选自叔丁醇和丁二酰亚胺中 至少一种的各添加剂的含量在上述范围内时, 本发明的酸基燃料具有较好的 效果。
在本发明第二方面的一种实施方式中,所述酸基燃料包含二曱醚、 乙醇、 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚和叔丁醇。在另一实施方式中,所述酸基燃料包含: 10-15 重量份的二曱醚, 85-90重量份的乙醇, 0.009-0.012重量份的 2,6-二叔丁基对 曱酚和 0.8-1.2重量份的叔丁醇, 基于 100重量份的二曱醚和乙醇总量。
在本发明第二方面的一种实施方式中,所述酸基燃料包含二曱醚、 乙醇、 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚和丁二酰亚胺。 在另一实施方式中, 所述酸基燃料包含: 10-15重量份的二曱醚, 85-90重量份的乙醇, 0.009-0.012重量份的 2,6-二叔 丁基对曱酚和 0.008-0.012重量份的丁二酰亚胺,基于 100重量份的二曱醚和 乙醇总量。
在本发明第二方面的一种实施方式中,所述酸基燃料包含二曱醚、 乙醇、 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚、 丁二酰亚胺和叔丁醇。 发明人还令人惊讶地发现, 在 含有二曱醚、 乙醇、 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚、 丁二酰亚胺和叔丁醇的酸基燃料 中, 叔丁醇、 丁二酰亚胺和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚三者能够提供协同作用, 使 得本发明的醚基燃料质量更加稳定, 燃料的燃烧更加充分、 发动机运行安全 并且动力充足。
在另一实施方式中, 所述酸基燃料包含: 10-15重量份的二曱醚, 85-90 重量份的乙醇, 0.009-0.012重量份的 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚、 0.008-0.012重量 份的丁二酰亚胺和 0.8-1.2重量份的叔丁醇,基于 100重量份的二曱醚和乙醇 总量。
在本发明第二方面的一种实施方式中, 所述酸基燃料由二曱醚、 乙醇、 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚和至少一种选自叔丁醇和丁二酰亚胺的添加剂组成。 在 该实施方式的酸基燃料中, 各组分的含量可以在上述范围之内, 即, 该酸基 燃料中二曱醚的含量为 4 - 15重量份, 乙醇的含量为 85 - 96重量份, 2,6-二 叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.005-0.5重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100 重量份。 进一步地, 该酸基燃料中, 二曱醚的含量为 8-15重量份, 乙醇的含 量为 85-92重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.008-0.02重量份, 其中二 曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。 更进一步地, 在该酸基燃料中, 二曱醚 的含量为 10-15重量份, 乙醇的含量为 85-90重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的 含量为 0.009-0.012重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。 所述 添加剂可以是叔丁醇、 丁二酰亚胺, 或者叔丁醇与丁二酰亚胺的组合。 当所 述醚基燃料含有叔丁醇时,叔丁醇含量为 0.5~2重量份,优选 0.7~1.5重量份, 更优选 0.8~1.2 重量份; 当所述酸基燃料含有丁二酰亚胺时, 丁二酰亚胺含 量为 0.005-0.002重量份, 优选 0.006-0.015重量份, 更优选 0.008-0.012重量 份; 所有重量份均基于 100重量份的二曱醚和乙醇。
在本发明第二方面的一种实施方式中, 所述酸基燃料由二曱醚、 乙醇、 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚和叔丁醇组成。 在另一实施方式中, 所述酸基燃料包含: 10-15重量份的二曱醚, 85-90重量份的乙醇, 0.009-0.012重量份的 2,6-二叔 丁基对曱酚和 0.8-1.2重量份的叔丁醇,基于 100重量份的二曱醚和乙醇总量。
在本发明第二方面的一种实施方式中, 所述酸基燃料由二曱醚、 乙醇、
2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚和丁二酰亚胺组成。 在另一实施方式中, 所述酸基燃料 包含: 10-15重量份的二曱醚, 85-90重量份的乙醇, 0.009-0.012重量份的 2,6- 二叔丁基对曱酚和 0.008-0.012重量份的丁二酰亚胺,基于 100重量份的二曱 醚和乙醇总量。
发明人还令人惊讶地发现, 在本发明的醚基燃料中同时含有叔丁醇、 丁 二酰亚胺和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的时候, 这三种组分能够提供协同作用, 使 得本发明的醚基燃料质量更加稳定, 燃料的燃烧更加充分、 发动机运行安全 并且动力充足。
在本发明第二方面的一种实施方式中, 所述酸基燃料由二曱醚、 乙醇、 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚、 丁二酰亚胺和叔丁醇组成。 在另一实施方式中, 所述 酸基燃料包含: 10-15重量份的二曱醚, 85-90重量份的乙醇, 0.009-0.012重 量份的 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚、 0.008-0.012重量份的丁二酰亚胺和 0.8-1.2重量 份的叔丁醇, 基于 100重量份的二曱醚和乙醇总量。
可以通过调节酸基燃料中二曱醚和乙醇的含量, 来达到调节辛烷值的作 用。 一般而言, 随着乙醇的含量降低, 本发明的酸基燃料的辛烷值也会随之 降低。 但是, 由于乙醇本身的辛烷值非常高, 因此, 在不使用辛烷值改进剂 的情况下, 本发明的酸基燃料的辛烷值都会比较高
本发明的酸基燃料可以不使用任何其它添加剂。 然而, 根据具体应用的 需要, 也可以加入其它组分或者其它添加剂, 以便进一步改善所得燃料的某 些性能。
由于本发明的新型酸基燃料不同于常规燃料 (例如汽油和柴油), 因此, 常规的汽油添加剂并不一定能够用于本发明的酸基燃料。 在将常规的添加剂 用于本发明的酸基燃料之前, 必须首先进行相容性试验。 这里的相容性试验 是指待使用的添加剂可以溶于本发明的酸基燃料中, 并能够保持稳定存在, 而且不改变本发明酸基燃料的性状。 只有那些与本发明的酸基燃料可以相容 的添加剂才有可能用于本发明的酸基燃料中。 此外, 还需要注意添加剂的加 入也不能够影响本发明酸基燃料的独特性能, 例如洁净性等。
可能用于本发明酸基燃料的常规汽油添加剂包括, 例如, 催化剂、 增燃 剂、 抗氧化剂、 助燃剂、 清净剂等等。 经过相容性试验检验合格后, 可以将 这些添加剂加入到本发明的酸基燃料中, 条件是不显著有害地影响本发明的 酸基燃料的独特性能即可。也可以在本发明的酸基燃料中加入添加剂的组合, 条件是不显著有害地影响本发明的酸基燃料的独特性能即可。
发明人通过大量试验发现, 某些市售的添加剂产品是可以用于本发明的 酸基燃料的, 例如石化研究院生产的乙醇汽油清净剂, 河南新乡四特节油剂 厂生产的燃油节油清净剂等诸多能够与此酸基燃料可以相容的抗爆剂、 催化 剂、 增燃剂、 抗氧化剂、 助燃剂、 金属钝化剂、 緩蚀剂、 防水剂、 防腐蚀剂、 消烟剂等添加剂产品。
对于制备本发明第二方面的酸基燃料的方法没有特别限制, 可以通过化 工领域常规技术获得本发明第二方面的醚基燃料。 本发明第二方面的醚基燃 料的制备包括 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的加入, 至少一种选自叔丁醇和丁二酰亚 胺的添加剂的加入, 以及在包含任选的其它添加剂的情况下, 任选的其它添 加剂的加入, 以及二曱醚和乙醇的混合。 一般而言, 可以将 2,6-二叔丁基对 曱酚、 至少一种选自叔丁醇和丁二酰亚胺的添加剂以及任选的其它添加剂加 入到乙醇中, 然后再与二曱醚混合。 然而, 也可以先进行二曱醚和乙醇的混 合, 然后再加入 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚、 至少一种选自叔丁醇和丁二酰亚胺的 添加剂以及任选的其它添加剂。 对于后加入添加剂而言, 如果需要搅拌, 则 应该緩慢搅拌。 对于二曱醚和乙醇的混合而言, 通常可以釆用气体吸收塔来 体 混合是化工 域的常 技术。' '本发明醚基燃料的 得是釆用 ϋ理吸收的 方法获得的,仅仅涉及乙醇对二曱醚的吸收。 一般而言, 通常选择逆流吸收, 来完成本发明酸基燃料的制备。 本发明对于吸收塔的选择并没有任何限制, 可以选择填料塔、 板式塔。 本发明对于吸收条件同样没有任何限制, 化学工 程技术人员在面对乙醇对二曱醚气体的吸收这一具体目的时, 会根据基本化 工原理, 以及所需的相对含量来选择吸收塔和吸收条件。 通常而言, 常温吸 收即可完成乙醇对二曱醚的吸收。
这种吸收过程可以简述如下: 使得二曱醚气体经过定量计量设备(如气 体分布器)从吸收塔底部进入; 与此同时, 使得乙醇 (或者预先混合有 2,6-二 叔丁基对曱酚、 至少一种选自叔丁醇和丁二酰亚胺的添加剂以及任选的其它 添加剂的乙醇)从塔顶加入, 气液两相在吸收塔内逆向流动, 并直接并充分接 触, 使得二曱醚气体被乙醇所吸收。 根据吸收塔的选择及其效率的不同, 可 以釆用单程吸收或者循环吸收。 对于循环吸收而言, 可以将自塔底出来的含 有二曱醚的乙醇(并任选地含有 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚、 至少一种选自叔丁醇 和丁二酰亚胺的添加剂以及任选的其它添加剂 )重新输送回到塔顶并引入到 塔内, 将塔顶出来的气体重新输送回到塔底并引入到塔内, 由此重复二曱醚 气体的吸收过程。 这种重复吸收根据需要可以进行多次。 然而, 本领域技术 人员也可以知道,通过吸收塔的单程吸收就可以基本上将二曱醚溶于乙醇中, 获得所需的二曱酸含量而无需重复吸收。
本发明的酸基燃料的稳定性远远高于普通汽油。 这可以从本发明的酸基 燃料长时间存放之后的诱导期和胶质含量得以证明。
本发明的发明人发现, 本发明的醚基燃料具有高氧含量、 低蒸汽压、 低 硫、 低苯、 低芳烃和无铅的优点。 本发明的酸基燃料可以用于现有的车辆, 而无需改变发动机结构。 本发明的第三方面
在本发明的第三方面, 本发明涉及一种混合燃料, 包含本发明第一或第 二方面的酸基燃料和其它燃料, 例如汽油和 180号溶剂油中的至少一种。 本
' 下面对 ^它燃 分别为汽油 '^o 溶剂油及 且合的情况进 ^说明。
其它燃料为汽油
发明人发现, 本发明的酸基燃料可以单独作为燃料使用, 用于发动机, 特别是汽油发动机。 因此, 本发明的酸基燃料可以完全代替汽油用于汽车燃 料。 然而, 也可以将本发明的酸基燃料与常规使用的汽油, 乃至曱醇汽油或 此, 本发明的混合燃料可以包含 发^ 一方面的 ¾ 燃料和汽油 :': " 、 在将本发明的醚基燃料与汽油混配时, 本发明的醚基燃料与汽油的混合 比例可以根据需要任意调节。
一般而言, 在本发明第三方面的包含汽油的混合燃料中, 本发明第一或 第二方面的酸基燃料的含量可以为 1 - 99重量%, 基于混合燃料的总重量。 优选地,本发明第一或第二方面的酸基燃料的含量可以为 10 - 90重量%,更 优选 30-70重量%, 基于混合燃料的总重量。 优选地, 汽油的含量相应为 90 - 10重量%, 更优选 70-30重量%。
可以用于本发明第三方面的汽油, 可以为例如普通汽油, 以及曱醇汽油 或乙醇汽油, 特别是车用汽油。 这些汽油的标号可以为例如 90号、 93号、 97号、 100号、 103号。
在本申请中, 普通汽油是指没有加入二曱醚、 曱醇或乙醇的汽油。 曱醇 汽油和乙醇汽油分别是指加入了曱醇或乙醇的汽油。 由于乙醇汽油内已经加 入了乙醇, 在将本发明的酸基燃料与乙醇汽油混配使用时, 乙醇汽油中带有 的乙醇会改变本发明酸基燃料的二曱醚和乙醇比例。 因此, 在将本发明的醚 基燃料与乙醇汽油混配使用时, 根据具体条件和用途, 需要考虑乙醇汽油中 的乙醇含量, 来最终确定本发明的酸基燃料与乙醇汽油的混合比例。 或者, 在将本发明的酸基燃料与乙醇汽油混配使用时, 根据具体条件和用途, 需要 考虑乙醇汽油中的乙醇含量, 以便确保乙醇汽油中乙醇的引入不会导致本发 明的酸基燃料中二曱醚和乙醇的含量比偏离本发明的范围。 一般而言, 为了 使得本发明酸基燃料的二曱酸含量处于 4 - 15 (例如 5 - 10 )重量份(以 100 重量份乙醇和二曱醚的总量计算) 的优选范围内, 在使用乙醇汽油时, 乙醇 汽油的混合比例不宜超过 50 %。 例如, 乙醇汽油含有 10重量%的乙醇,混合使用时应考虑所使用二曱醚 的比例, 保证混合后的混合燃料的燃料性能, 则乙醇汽油的混合比例不宜超 过本发明醚基燃料的 50%。
一般而言, 本发明第一或第二方面的酸基燃料可以与普通汽油以任意比 例混配。 优选, 本发明第一或第二方面的酸基燃料与普通汽油以 10: 90 至 90: 10 的重量比例混配。 更优选, 本发明的酸基燃料与普通汽油以 20: 80 至 80: 20的重量比例混配。 更优选, 本发明的酸基燃料与普通汽油以 30: 70至 70: 30的重量比例混配。
在酸基燃料的混合比例高达 80 %的时候, 即 80重量份本发明的酸基燃 料与 20重量份的普通汽油 (例如 90号汽油) 混合时, 所得到的混合燃料质 量稳定, 可以常温保存 1年不分层。
对于获得含有汽油的混合燃料的方法没有具体限制。 可以通过将本发明 的醚基燃料与汽油混合, 来获得混合燃料。 例如, 可以将本发明的醚基燃料 加入到汽油中, 或者将汽油加入到本发明的酸基燃料中, 或者将本发明的醚 基燃料和汽油同时加入到单独的容器中, 并混合均匀, 来获得混合燃料。 可 以使用緩慢的搅拌来促进混合。
如上所述, 由于本发明的酸基燃料的辛烷值较高, 通常在 100以上, 因 此, 可以使用本发明的酸基燃料来提高普通汽油的标号。 例如, 可以使用本 发明的酸基燃料来使得 90号汽油或 93号汽油分别达到 93号或 97号汽油的 标准。
此外,使用本发明的酸基燃料还可以改善普通汽油的稳定性。一般而言, 市售普通汽油的稳定性不够良好。将本发明的酸基燃料与市售普通汽油配混, 可以提高普通汽油的诱导期并降低胶质含量。
在本发明的酸基燃料以 30%的比例与普通汽油, 或者以 20%的比例与曱 醇汽油或乙醇汽油混合使用时, 还可以达到提高动力以及节省燃料的效果。 在同样工况的发动机使用条件下, 燃料的节省比例可以高达 10%以上。 使用 本发明的酸基燃料与汽油混配,替代比可以提高到 0.7至 1 (乙醇汽油的替代 比为 1.6-1.7 ) 。 在这里, 替代比是指代替一份普通汽油需要的乙醇汽油或者 本发明的醚基燃料的重量份。 并且, 使用本发明的醚基燃料, 可以使得尾气 排放量大大降低, 从而提供优异的环保效果。
其它燃料为 180号溶剂油
用于本发明第三方面的混合燃料的其它燃料也可以是 180号溶剂油。 因 此, 本发明的混合燃料可以包含本发明第一或第二方面的酸基燃料和 180号 溶剂油。
溶剂油, 在石油工业中, 一般是指用作溶剂的汽油, 包括催化重整抽余 据 同的用途 有橡胶 油、、 '、提取溶剂 和 业溶剂油。 在本中请中, 溶 剂油是指炼油厂炼油工艺前端, 即温度为 30 - 70°C的轻质馏出成分。 一般石 油溶剂油通常按其 98 %馏出温度或干点 100 %馏出温度)分为 70、 90、 120、
180、 190、 200等牌号。
在本申请中优选使用 180号溶剂油,又称航空洗涤油,其精制程度较深, 沸程为 40 ~ 180°C。 使用 180号溶剂油: 一是混溶性好、 二是成本低、 三是 有可利用的辛烷值组份与高挥发性物质。
一般而言, 在本发明的混合燃料中, 本发明第一或第二方面的酸基燃料 与 180号溶剂油的比例可以为任意比例。 优选, 酸基燃料与 180号溶剂油的 重量比例为 90: 10 , 更优选, 本发明的酸基燃料与 180号溶剂油的重量比例 为 80: 20。
在酸基燃料的混合比例高达 80 %的时候, 即 80重量份本发明第一或第 二方面的酸基燃料和 20重量份的 180号溶剂油混合时,所得到的混合燃料质 量稳定, 可以常温保存 1年不分层。
包含本发明酸基燃料和 180号溶剂油的混合燃料可以作为燃料, 特别是
对于获得含有 180号溶剂油和本发明醚基燃料的混合燃料的方法没有具 体限制。 可以通过将本发明的醚基燃料与 180号溶剂油混合, 来获得混合燃 料。 例如, 可以将本发明的酸基燃料加入到溶剂油中, 或者将溶剂油加入到 本发明的酸基燃料中, 或者将本发明的酸基燃料和溶剂油同时加入到单独的 容器中, 并混合均匀, 来获得混合燃料。 可以使用緩慢搅拌来促进混合。 其它燃料为汽油和 180号溶剂油的组合
本发明的混合燃料除了本发明的酸基燃料以外, 也可以包含汽油和 180 号溶剂油的组合。 本发明的醚基燃料与这两种其它燃料之间以及这两种其它燃料之间都 具有混溶性。 因此, 即使将本发明的酸基燃料与这两种其它燃料同时使用, 也可以作为交通工具或者动力设备的燃料, 例如汽车发动机的燃料。 对于本 发明的混合燃料包含汽油和 180号溶剂油, 与上面单独论述仅仅包含汽油或 180号溶剂油的情况类似。 但是, 由于 180号溶剂油的辛烷值较低, 此时, 优选 180号溶剂油的含量不宜超过混合燃料总重量的 20重量%。
对于获得包含汽油和 180号溶剂油的组合和本发明酸基燃料的混合燃料 的方法没有具体限制。 可以通过将本发明的酸基燃料与汽油和 180号溶剂油 混合, 来获得混合燃料。 例如, 可以将本发明的醚基燃料和汽油和 180号溶 剂油都加入到单独的容器中, 并混合均匀, 来获得混合燃料。 可以使用緩慢 搅拌来促进混合。 下面将釆用具体实施例来进一步描述本发明。 然而, 本发明并不受这些 具体实施例的限制。
实施例
在以下实施例中釆用的原料如下:
无水乙醇, 含量大于 99.7 % , 来自北京化工厂
二曱醚, 含量为 99.5%, 来自河北冀春二曱酸发展有限公司
2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚, 购自国药集团化工试剂有限公司
叔丁醇, 含量大于 99 % , 购自国药集团化工试剂有限公司
丁二酰亚胺,标签标注含量 98.8-100.5%, 购自国药集团化工试剂有限公 司。 酸基燃料实施例 1
在常规吸收塔内, 按照逆流吸收法, 将二曱醚吸收于乙醇中, 得到二曱 醚浓度为 5重量%的乙醇溶液, 从而获得酸基燃料 1。
酸基燃料实施例 2
与酸基燃料实施例 1相同, 在上述吸收塔内, 按照逆流吸收法, 将二曱 醚吸收于乙醇中, 得到二曱醚浓度为 9重量%的乙醇溶液, 从而获得酸基燃 料 2。
酸基燃料实施例 3
与酸基燃料实施例 1相同, 在上述吸收塔内, 按照逆流吸收法, 将二曱 醚吸收于乙醇中,得到二曱醚浓度为 12重量%的乙醇溶液,从而获得酸基燃 料 3。
酸基燃料实施例 4 与酸基燃料实施例 1相同, 在上述吸收塔内, 按照逆流吸收法, 将二曱 醚吸收于乙醇中,得到二曱醚浓度为 15重量%的乙醇溶液,从而获得酸基燃 料 4。
酸基燃料实施例 5
将 lg 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚、 lg 丁二酰亚胺和 100g叔丁醇加入到 10kg 如上所述制得的醚基燃料 1中, 轻微搅拌, 获得醚基燃料 5。
酸基燃料实施例 6
在透明容器中, 将 0.5g的 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚加入到 10kg如上所得的 醚基燃料 1中, 轻微搅拌, 获得醚基燃料 6。
酸基燃料实施例 7
在透明容器中, 将 0.8 g的 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚加入到 10kg如上所得的 醚基燃料 2中, 轻微搅拌, 获得醚基燃料 7。
酸基燃料实施例 8
在透明容器中, 将 0.9g的 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚加入到 10kg如上所得的 醚基燃料 3中, 轻微搅拌, 获得醚基燃料 8。
酸基燃料实施例 9
在透明容器中, 将 2 g的 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚加入到 10kg如上所得的醚 基燃料 4中, 轻微搅拌, 获得醚基燃料 9。
酸基燃料实施例 10
在透明容器中, 将 50 g的 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚加入到 10kg如上所得的 醚基燃料 4中, 轻微搅拌, 获得醚基燃料 10。
酸基燃料实施例 11
在透明容器中,将 1 g的 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚、 100g的叔丁醇加入到 10kg 如上所得的醚基燃料 3中, 轻微搅拌, 获得醚基燃料 11。
酸基燃料实施例 12
在透明容器中, 将 1 g的 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚、 lg的丁二酰亚胺加入到 10kg如上所得的醚基燃料 3中, 轻微搅拌, 获得醚基燃料 12。 混合燃料实施例 1
在透明容器中, 将 200g上述酸基燃料 1与 1800g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)按照 10: 90的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 1。
混合燃料实施例 2
在透明容器中, 将 400g上述酸基燃料 2与 1600g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)按照 20: 80的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 2。
混合燃料实施例 3 在透明容器中, 将 600g上述酸基燃料 3与 1400g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)按照 30: 70的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 3。
混合燃料实施例 4
在透明容器中, 将 lOOOg上述瞇基燃料 4与 1000g 90号车用汽油(中石 化北京公司生产)按照 50: 50的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 4。
混合燃料实施例 5
在透明容器中, 将 1400g上述醚基燃料 2与 600g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)按照 70: 30的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 5。
混合燃料实施例 6
在透明容器中, 将 1600g上述醚基燃料 1与 400g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)按照 80: 20的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 6。
混合燃料实施例 7
在透明容器中, 将 1800g上述醚基燃料 2与 200g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)按照 90: 10的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 7。
混合燃料实施例 8
在透明容器中, 将 400g上述酸基燃料 1与 1600g 90号乙醇汽油 (市售 乙醇汽油, 乙醇含量为 10 % )按照 20:80的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 8。
混合燃料实施例 9
在透明容器中,将 HOOg上述酸基燃料 2与 900g90号曱醇汽油(市售曱 醇汽油, 曱醇含量为 15 % )按照 55: 45的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 9。
混合燃料实施例 10
在透明容器中, 将 1600g上述醚基燃料 2与 400g l80号溶剂油(购买于 北京东海化工厂)按照 80: 20的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 10。
混合燃料实施例 11
在透明容器中, 将 1600g上述醚基燃料 5与 400g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)按照 80: 20的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 11。
混合燃料实施例 12
在透明容器中, 将 1600g上述醚基燃料 1与 200g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)和 200g 180号溶剂油(购买于北京东海化工厂)混合, 得 到混合燃料 12。
混合燃料实施例 13
在透明容器中, 将 200g上述醚基燃料 6与 1800g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产 )按照 10: 90的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 13。
混合燃料实施例 14
在透明容器中, 将 400g上述酸基燃料 7与 1600g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)按照 20: 80的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 14。 混合燃料实施例 15
在透明容器中, 将 600g上述酸基燃料 8与 1400g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)按照 30: 70的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 15。
混合燃料实施例 16
在透明容器中, 将 lOOOg上述酸基燃料 9与 lOOOg 90号车用汽油(中石 化北京公司生产)按照 50: 50的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 16。
混合燃料实施例 17
在透明容器中, 将 1400g上述酸基燃料 10与 600g 90号车用汽油(中石 化北京公司生产)按照 70: 30的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 17。
混合燃料实施例 18
在透明容器中, 将 1600g上述酸基燃料 6与 400g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)按照 80: 20的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 18。
混合燃料实施例 19
在透明容器中, 将 1800g上述酸基燃料 7与 200g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)按照 90: 10的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 19。
混合燃料实施例 20
在透明容器中, 将 400g上述酸基燃料 8与 1600g 90号乙醇汽油 (市售 乙醇汽油, 乙醇含量为 10 % )按照 20:80的重量比例混合,得到混合燃料 20。
混合燃料实施例 21
在透明容器中,将 1100g上述酸基燃料 9与 900g90号曱醇汽油(市售曱 醇汽油, 曱醇含量为 15 % )按照 55: 45的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 21 混合燃料实施例 22
在透明容器中, 将 1600g上述酸基燃料 6与 400g 180号溶剂油(购买于 北京东海化工厂)按照 80: 20的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 22。
混合燃料实施例 23
在透明容器中, 将 1600g上述酸基燃料 7与 200g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)和 200g 180号溶剂油(购买于北京东海化工厂)混合, 得 到混合燃料 23。
混合燃料实施例 24
在透明容器中, 将 600g上述酸基燃料 11与 1400g 90号车用汽油(中石 化北京公司生产)按照 30: 70的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 24。
混合燃料实施例 25
在透明容器中, 将 600g上述酸基燃料 12与 1400g 90号车用汽油(中石 化北京公司生产)按照 30: 70的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 25。 储存性试验
1. 将配制好的上述酸基燃料 1-12、 混合燃料 1 - 25各自密闭保存, 在环 境温度静置过夜, 然后视觉观察, 没有发现分层现象。
2. 将配制好的上述酸基燃料 1-12、 混合燃料 1 - 25各取 500g, 然后密 闭保存, 在环境温度保存 1个月后视觉观察, 没有发现分层现象。
辛烷值测量
按照 GB/T 5487 汽油辛烷值测定法 (研究法), 对上面获得的酸基燃料 1 - 12和混合汽油燃料 1 - 25进行辛烷值测量, 测量结果示于表 1中。 稳定性试验
将配制好的上述酸基燃料 1 - 12和混合燃料 1 - 25在环境条件下放置 1 个月, 然后按照 GB/T8019测量胶质含量, 并按照 GB/T8018测量诱导期, 测 量结果示于表 1中。
表 1
Figure imgf000023_0001
Figure imgf000023_0002
表 1 (续) 实施例编号 组分 辛 烷 值 胶 质 含 量 诱导期
( RON ) ( mg/100mL ) (分钟) 混合燃料 1 醚基燃料 1, 200g 93 3 1000
90号车用汽油, 1800g
混合燃料 2 酸基燃料 2, 400g; 95 3 1000
90号车用汽油, 1600g
混合燃料 3 酸基燃料 3, 600g; 97 3 1000
90号车用汽油, 1400g
混合燃料 4 酸基燃料 4, lOOOg; > 100 2 1300
90号车用汽油, lOOOg
混合燃料 5 酸基燃料 2, 1400g; > 100 1 1300
90号车用汽油, 600g
混合燃料 6 酸基燃料 1, 1600g; > 100 1 1500
90号车用汽油, 400g
混合燃料 7 酸基燃料 2, 1800g; > 100 1 1500
90号车用汽油, 200g
混合燃料 8 酸基燃料 1, 400g; 95 3 1000
90号乙醇汽油, 1600g
混合燃料 9 酸基燃料 2, HOOg; 95 3 1000
90号曱醇汽油, 900g
混合燃料 10 酸基燃料 2, 1600g; 93 1 1000
180号溶剂油, 400g
混合燃料 11 酸基燃料 5, 1600g; 97 3 1000
90号车用汽油, 400g
混合燃料 12 酸基燃料 1, 1600g; 97 1 1000
90号车用汽油, 200g
180号溶剂油, 200g
表 1 (续)
实施例编号 组分 辛 烷 值 胶 质 含 量 诱导期
( RON ) ( mg/100mL ) (分钟) 混合燃料 13 醚基燃料 6, 200g 93 3 1000
90号车用汽油, 1800g
混合燃料 14 酸基燃料 7, 400g; 95 3 1000
90号车用汽油, 1600g
混合燃料 15 酸基燃料 8, 600g; 97 2 1000
90号车用汽油, 1400g
混合燃料 16 酸基燃料 9, 1000g; > 100 2 1500
90号车用汽油, 1000g
混合燃料 17 醚基燃料 10, 1400g; > 100 1 1500
90号车用汽油, 600g
混合燃料 18 醚基燃料 6, 1600g; > 100 1 1500
90号车用汽油, 400g
混合燃料 19 酸基燃料 7, 1800g; > 100 1 1500
90号车用汽油, 200g
混合燃料 20 酸基燃料 8, 400g; 95 3 1000
90号乙醇汽油, 1600g 混合燃料 21 酸基燃料 9, HOOg; 95 3 1300
90号曱醇汽油, 900g
混合燃料 22 醚基燃料 6, 1600g; 93 1 1500
180号溶剂油, 400g
混合燃料 23 酸基燃料 7, 1600g; 97 1 1400
90号车用汽油, 200g
180号溶剂油, 200g
混合燃料 24 酸基燃料 11 , 600g; 97 2 1000
90号车用汽油, 1400g
混合燃料 25 酸基燃料 12, 600g; 97 2 1000
90号车用汽油, 1400g
a: 酸基燃料 5中还含有约 0.01 %的 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚、 约 0.01 %的丁 二酰亚胺和约 1 %的叔丁醇。 车辆 2公里运行试验
将松花江汽车 (东安 462发动机) 的油箱汽油排干, 将上述酸基燃料 1
- 12和混合汽油燃料 1 - 25各自取 2公斤并放入油箱中。点火启动,试燃 10 分钟后, 进行 2公里试验性运行(路况为高速公路, 平均时速为约 80公里 / 小时)。 将上述运行结果与釆用 90号车用汽油(中石化北京公司生产)运行 该汽车时的状况, 按照下面的比较项目 1 - 4进行比较。 该比较项目 1-3是釆 用有 10年驾龄的驾驶人主观感觉来进行判断。项目 4釆用将剩余的燃料从油 箱中全部排出, 并称量重量, 从而计算油耗。
比较项目:
1. 发动机燃烧情况
2. 车辆运行状况
3. 排气管是否排放可见杂质 (例如, 黑烟等) (此时需要加长排气管, 使得驾驶员可以看见从排气管排放的尾气) 。
4. 油耗与普通汽油相比结果如何
将上述比较结果列于表 2中。 在表 2的 "发动机燃烧情况" 一列中, 表示发动机燃烧情况与 90 号车用汽油相当或者更优; " X " 表示发动机燃烧情况劣于 90号车用汽油。
在表 2的 "车辆运行状况"一列中, " 0) "表示车辆运行状况与 90号车 用汽油相当或者更优; " X " 表示车辆运行状况劣于 90号车用汽油。
在表 2的 "排气管是否排放可见杂质" 一列中, 表示不排放可见 杂质; " X " 表示排放可见杂质。
在表 2 的 "油耗与汽油相比结果如何" 一列中, 表示油耗与 90 号车用汽油相当或者更优; " X " 表示油耗劣于 90号车用汽油。 车辆长距离运行试验
重复上面的酸基燃料 1 - 10和混合燃料 1 - 23的配制试验, 不同在于各 组分的用量都增加到原用量的 20倍, 以便用于相同的松花江汽车进行 600 公里长距离试验, 以及用于奥迪 A6 (奥迪 A6 2.4排量轿车, 发动机为 V型 6缸 /6气门电控多点燃油喷射发动机)进行 800公里长距离运行试验。 并按 照上面的方法, 评价车辆运行情况。 长距离运行试验釆用高速路路段, 平均 时速为 100公里 /小时。 评价结果示于表 2中。
发明人发现在釆用本发明的醚基燃料和混合燃料进行上述运行试验时, 对于短距离、长距离以及不同汽车类型都获得了一致的相同良好结果, 因此, 下表 2中的结果代表了上面的运行试验的所有结果。 表 2
Figure imgf000026_0001
混合燃料 12 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ 混合燃料 13 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 14 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 15 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 16 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 17 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 18 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 19 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 20 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 21 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 22 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 23 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 24 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 25 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ 从表 1和表 2的结果可以看出, 本发明的醚基燃料以及含有本发明的醚 基燃料的混合燃料可以用于各种车用汽油发动机, 耗油量与市售汽油相同或 者较低。 表 1和表 2的结果还证实了, 本发明的酸基燃料可以单独使用, 也 可以与各种汽油混合使用。 表 1的结果同样证实了, 本发明的酸基燃料辛烷 值较高, 大部分都超过了 100。 并且, 本发明的酸基燃料可以用来提高普通 汽油或者曱醇或乙醇汽油的辛烷值, 并改善普通汽油或者乙醇或曱醇汽油的 稳定性。本发明的酸基燃料同样可以提高 180号溶剂油的辛烷值,并改善 180 号溶剂油的稳定性。 拓宽车用燃料范围。
Figure imgf000027_0001
对上述酸基燃料 1 - 12和混合燃料 1 - 25进行摺程、 铜片腐蚀和铅含量 检测。其中馏程检测按照 GB/T6536进行,铜片腐蚀检测按照 GB/T5096进行, 铅含量检测 GB/T8020进行。 检测结果示于下表 3中。
表 3
Figure imgf000027_0002
铜片腐蚀 级 1 1 1 1 1
( 50°C, 3h)
铅 gL 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 表 3 (续)
Figure imgf000028_0001
表 3 (续)
Figure imgf000028_0002
表 3 (续) 燃油 单位 混合燃料 混合燃料 混合燃料 混合燃料 混合燃料 项 1 1 12 13 14 15 馏程:
10%蒸发温度 V 66 62 70 59 64
50%蒸发温度 V 70 73 87 65 67
90%蒸发温度 V 89 95 154 155 143 终镏点 V 125 120 177 169 158 残留量 % ( V/V ) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 铜片腐蚀 级 1 1 1 1 1
( 50°C , 3h )
铅 g L 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 表 3 (续)
^^^4油 单位 混合燃料 混合燃料 混合燃料 混合燃料 混合燃料 项目 16 17 18 19 20 馏程:
10%蒸发温度 V 61 57 47 60 76
50%蒸发温度 V 75 67 59 78 89
90%蒸发温度 V 87 78 90 1 19 105
终镏点 V 1 15 120 134 135 149 残留量 % ( V/V ) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 铜片腐蚀 级 1 1 1 1 1
( 50°C , 3h )
铅 g L 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 表 3 (续)
^油 单位 混合燃料 混合燃料 混合燃料 混合燃料 混合燃料 项目 21 22 23 24 25 馏程:
10%蒸发温度 V 60 57 52 59 64
50%蒸发温度 V 75 77 71 80 78
90%蒸发温度 V 98 90 89 145 136
终镏点 V 128 134 1 15 158 148 残留量 % ( V/V ) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 铜片腐蚀 级 1 1 1 1 1
( 50°C , 3h )
铅 g L 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 从表 3的结果可以看出, 本发明的醚基燃料以及含有本发明的醚基燃料 的混合燃料各项指标均获得良好的结果。 尾气排放检测 根据 GB 18285-2005 ,使用奇瑞 SQR7080汽车发动机型号为 SQR372FD, 对上述酸基燃料 1 - 12和混合燃料 1 - 25进行尾气排放测量, 表中所示结果 为三次测量的平均值。
测量结果示于下表 4中。
Figure imgf000030_0002
Figure imgf000030_0001
Figure imgf000030_0003
Figure imgf000031_0001
x ppm
Figure imgf000031_0002
Figure imgf000031_0003
表 4 (续)
\ 燃油 备注
混合燃 混合燃 混合燃 混合燃 混合燃 混合燃 国家排放标准 项目^^
料 15 料 16 料 17 料 18 料 19 料 20 GB 18285-200
5
高怠速
CO(%) 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.5
HC(ppm) 4 0 21 8 11 14 150
Figure imgf000032_0001
表 4 (续)
Figure imgf000032_0002
从表 4可以看出, 使用本发明的醚基燃料和混合燃料, 尾气排放污染物 明显低于我国的国家标准。 本发明的酸基燃料具有辛烷值高, 增加动力性, 能耗低, 洁净性高, 通 用性好, 保质期长, 来源广泛等优点。 由于辛烷值高, 本发明的酸基燃料更 加适用于高压缩比发动机, 从而增加动力性。 一般而言, 本发明的酸基燃料 由于辛烷值高, 而且可以在配制中加入提高热值组分, 在对车辆做适应性调 整(减少进气, 调整点火提前角) 的情况下, 能耗率降低 5%, 与汽油混溶 掺烧, 能耗率降低 10%以上。 本发明的酸基燃料为高含氧燃料, 由于燃烧完 全, 可使汽车污染排放物 CO、 C02+HC降低 50%—80%, 致癌物苯及硫排放 系数为 0。 同时可有效清除车辆供油、 燃烧***积碳, 延长发动机的使用寿 命。 本发明酸基燃料的通用性好, 在不改变发动机结构及参数情况下, 可直 接使用; 并且发明人发现在调小风门, 调整点火提前角的情况下, 能进一步 提高发动机的动力, 并稳定运行。 与汽油进行任何比例掺烧。 本发明的酸基 燃料的诱导期是国标汽油的一倍以上。 可长期稳定保存, 能够使储存、运输、 销售和使用环节所需时间延长。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种酸基燃料, 包含二曱醚、 乙醇和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚。
2. 权利要求 1 的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 4 - 15重量份, 乙醇 的含量为 85 - 96重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.005-0.5重量份, 其 中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
3. 权利要求 1的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 8-15重量份, 乙醇的 含量为 85-92重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.008-0.02重量份, 其中 二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
4. 权利要求 1的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 10-15重量份, 乙醇的 含量为 85-90重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.009-0.012重量份, 其 中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
5. 权利要求 1 - 4任一项的酸基燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料由二曱醚、 乙 醇和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚组成。
6. 一种酸基燃料, 包含二曱醚、 乙醇、 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚和至少一种 选自叔丁醇和丁二酰亚胺的添加剂。
7. 权利要求 6的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 4 - 15重量份, 乙醇的 含量为 85 - 96重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.005-0.5重量份, 其中 二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
8. 权利要求 6的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 8-15重量份, 乙醇的 含量为 85-92重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.008-0.02重量份, 其中 二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
9. 权利要求 6的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 10-15重量份, 乙醇的 含量为 85-90重量份, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量为 0.009-0.012重量份, 其 中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
10. 权利要求 6-9 中任一项的酸基燃料, 其中所述添加剂为叔丁醇、 丁 二酰亚胺, 或者叔丁醇与丁二酰亚胺的组合。
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CN1618933A (zh) * 2003-11-20 2005-05-25 闵恩泽 替代石油的低硫清洁燃料

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