WO2011081061A1 - 有機電界発光素子 - Google Patents
有機電界発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011081061A1 WO2011081061A1 PCT/JP2010/073022 JP2010073022W WO2011081061A1 WO 2011081061 A1 WO2011081061 A1 WO 2011081061A1 JP 2010073022 W JP2010073022 W JP 2010073022W WO 2011081061 A1 WO2011081061 A1 WO 2011081061A1
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- JMDGLOYIJXNLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brc(cc1c2cc(-[n]3c4ccccc4c4c3cccc4)ccc22)ccc1[n]2-c1ccccc1 Chemical compound Brc(cc1c2cc(-[n]3c4ccccc4c4c3cccc4)ccc22)ccc1[n]2-c1ccccc1 JMDGLOYIJXNLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NJCQKUXFTUWMKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fc1cccc(c2ccccc22)c1[n]2-c(cc1)cc(c2cc(-[n]3c(cccc4)c4c4ccccc34)ccc22)c1[n]2-c1ccccc1 Chemical compound Fc1cccc(c2ccccc22)c1[n]2-c(cc1)cc(c2cc(-[n]3c(cccc4)c4c4ccccc34)ccc22)c1[n]2-c1ccccc1 NJCQKUXFTUWMKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBWRZTKHMKVFMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brc(cc1c2cc(Br)ccc22)ccc1[n]2-c1ccccc1 Chemical compound Brc(cc1c2cc(Br)ccc22)ccc1[n]2-c1ccccc1 JBWRZTKHMKVFMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OXDFJRKIIJJABD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1C(c2cc(-c3cccc(c4ccccc44)c3[n]4-c(cc3)cc4c3[o]c3ccccc43)ccc2)=CC(c2ccccc2)=CC1c1ccccc1 Chemical compound CC1C(c2cc(-c3cccc(c4ccccc44)c3[n]4-c(cc3)cc4c3[o]c3ccccc43)ccc2)=CC(c2ccccc2)=CC1c1ccccc1 OXDFJRKIIJJABD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPJCIBVGJBEJPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fc1cccc2c1[nH]c1ccccc21 Chemical compound Fc1cccc2c1[nH]c1ccccc21 HPJCIBVGJBEJPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RECCEMUCYRXEEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N c([s]cc1-[n]2c(c(-c(cc3)cc(c4c5)c3[o]c4ccc5-c3ccccc3)ccc3)c3c3ccccc23)c1-[n]1c2ccccc2c2ccccc12 Chemical compound c([s]cc1-[n]2c(c(-c(cc3)cc(c4c5)c3[o]c4ccc5-c3ccccc3)ccc3)c3c3ccccc23)c1-[n]1c2ccccc2c2ccccc12 RECCEMUCYRXEEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FMNQDPYZJLMGKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1)ccc1-[n](c(c(c1c2)c3)ccc3-[n]3c4ccccc4c4c3cccc4)c1ccc2-[n]1c(c(-[n]2c(cccc3)c3c3c2cccc3)ccc2)c2c2ccccc12 Chemical compound c(cc1)ccc1-[n](c(c(c1c2)c3)ccc3-[n]3c4ccccc4c4c3cccc4)c1ccc2-[n]1c(c(-[n]2c(cccc3)c3c3c2cccc3)ccc2)c2c2ccccc12 FMNQDPYZJLMGKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJIYUXUVDYSMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1)cc(c2c3)c1[o]c2ccc3-c1cccc(c2ccccc22)c1[n]2-c1cc(-c2ccccc2)cc(-c2ccccc2)c1 Chemical compound c(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1)cc(c2c3)c1[o]c2ccc3-c1cccc(c2ccccc22)c1[n]2-c1cc(-c2ccccc2)cc(-c2ccccc2)c1 VJIYUXUVDYSMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFTKGPYFLIRFAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1)ccc1-c1cc(-c2cc(-c(cccc3c4ccccc44)c3[n]4-c(cc3)cc(c4ccccc44)c3[n]4-c3ccccc3)ccc2)cc(-c2ccccc2)c1 Chemical compound c(cc1)ccc1-c1cc(-c2cc(-c(cccc3c4ccccc44)c3[n]4-c(cc3)cc(c4ccccc44)c3[n]4-c3ccccc3)ccc2)cc(-c2ccccc2)c1 ZFTKGPYFLIRFAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZFPCYGUUXJZSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1)ccc1-c1cc(-c2cc(-c3cccc(c4ccccc44)c3[n]4-c(cc3)cc4c3[s]c3ccccc43)ccc2)cc(-c2ccccc2)c1 Chemical compound c(cc1)ccc1-c1cc(-c2cc(-c3cccc(c4ccccc44)c3[n]4-c(cc3)cc4c3[s]c3ccccc43)ccc2)cc(-c2ccccc2)c1 SZFPCYGUUXJZSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXSHREYONRRTOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1)ccc1-c1cc(-c2cccc(-[n](c3ccccc3c3ccc4)c3c4-c3ccc4[o]c(cccc5)c5c4c3)c2)cc(-c2ccccc2)c1 Chemical compound c(cc1)ccc1-c1cc(-c2cccc(-[n](c3ccccc3c3ccc4)c3c4-c3ccc4[o]c(cccc5)c5c4c3)c2)cc(-c2ccccc2)c1 WXSHREYONRRTOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTNPDXJOQSETBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1)ccc1-c1cc(-c2ccccc2)cc(-c(cc2)cc(c3c4)c2[o]c3ccc4-c2cccc(c3ccccc33)c2[n]3-c2ccccc2)c1 Chemical compound c(cc1)ccc1-c1cc(-c2ccccc2)cc(-c(cc2)cc(c3c4)c2[o]c3ccc4-c2cccc(c3ccccc33)c2[n]3-c2ccccc2)c1 GTNPDXJOQSETBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKRSCXKEMDMMKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1)ccc1-c1cc(-c2ccccc2)cc(-c(cccc2c3ccccc33)c2[n]3-c(cc2)cc(c3c4)c2[o]c3ccc4-[n]2c(cccc3)c3c3c2cccc3)c1 Chemical compound c(cc1)ccc1-c1cc(-c2ccccc2)cc(-c(cccc2c3ccccc33)c2[n]3-c(cc2)cc(c3c4)c2[o]c3ccc4-[n]2c(cccc3)c3c3c2cccc3)c1 XKRSCXKEMDMMKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXMDIMHXTRXTSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1)ccc1-c1cccc(c2ccccc22)c1[n]2-c(cc1)cc2c1[o]c1ccccc21 Chemical compound c(cc1)ccc1-c1cccc(c2ccccc22)c1[n]2-c(cc1)cc2c1[o]c1ccccc21 WXMDIMHXTRXTSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOMOIJFCOGMLGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N c1c(-[n]2c3ccccc3c3c2cccc3)[s]c(-[n]2c(c(-c3ccc4[o]c(ccc(-c5ccccc5)c5)c5c4c3)ccc3)c3c3ccccc23)c1 Chemical compound c1c(-[n]2c3ccccc3c3c2cccc3)[s]c(-[n]2c(c(-c3ccc4[o]c(ccc(-c5ccccc5)c5)c5c4c3)ccc3)c3c3ccccc23)c1 IOMOIJFCOGMLGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device using a carbazole compound having a specific structure.
- an organic electroluminescence element (hereinafter referred to as an organic EL element) has a light emitting layer and a pair of counter electrodes sandwiching the layer as its simplest structure. That is, in an organic EL element, when an electric field is applied between both electrodes, electrons are injected from the cathode, holes are injected from the anode, and these are recombined in the light emitting layer to emit light. .
- the host material to be used is important simultaneously with the dopant material.
- the carbazole compound 4,4′-bis (9-carbazolyl) biphenyl (hereinafter referred to as CBP) introduced in Patent Document 2 and introduced in Non-Patent Document 1 1,3-dicarbazolylbenzene (hereinafter referred to as mCP).
- CBP carbazole compound 4,4′-bis (9-carbazolyl) biphenyl
- mCP 1,3-dicarbazolylbenzene
- mCP was used as a host material for blue phosphorescent materials represented by bis [2- (4,6-difluorophenyl) pyridinato-N, C2 ′] (picolinato) iridium complex (hereinafter referred to as FIrpic). In some cases, it exhibits relatively good light emission characteristics, but it is not satisfactory in practice from the viewpoint of durability.
- a host material that is balanced in both charge (hole / electron) injection and transport characteristics is required.
- a host material having higher triplet excitation energy hereinafter referred to as T1 energy
- T1 energy triplet excitation energy
- a compound that is electrochemically stable and has high heat resistance and excellent amorphous stability is desired, and further improvement is required.
- Patent Document 3 a carbazole compound as shown below is disclosed as a light emitting material.
- the 9-position of the central carbazole ring is substituted with a dibenzothiophenyl group, but the 1-position has no substituent and the 3-position is substituted with a carbazolyl group. Low stability and impractical.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a carbazole compound as shown below as a light emitting material.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a carbazole compound as shown below as a light emitting material.
- the 1-position is substituted with a phenyl group and the 9-position is a methyl group.
- the 9-position is an alkyl group, conjugation is greatly expanded, T1 energy is reduced, and sufficient luminous efficiency cannot be obtained.
- the 9-position is an alkyl group, the durability of the organic EL device using the above compound is significantly reduced.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a carbazole compound as shown below as a light emitting material.
- the 1-position is a pyrenyl group and is an aromatic group having two or more rings, but since the 9-position is an alkyl group, conjugation is greatly expanded, T1 energy is reduced, and sufficient luminous efficiency is obtained. Absent. Furthermore, since the 9-position is an alkyl group, the durability of the organic EL device using the above compound is significantly reduced.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a compound in which two or more condensed aromatic groups are substituted on carbazole, but does not indicate a compound having a substituent at adjacent 1,9-positions.
- Patent Documents 4 to 6 disclose a compound having a substituent at the 1,9-position, but the compounds in which the 1,9-position is a monocyclic aryl group or the 9-position is an alkyl group. is there. Therefore, there is no disclosure of a compound having an aromatic substituent at the 1,9-position and one of which is a condensed ring.
- carbazole derivatives have excellent charge transfer characteristics and electrochemical stability, and thus many studies have been made. However, these carbazole derivatives are still insufficient for practical use as materials for phosphorescent light emitting devices. However, it is not a good characteristic and further improvement is required.
- An object of this invention is to provide the practically useful organic EL element which has high efficiency and high drive stability in view of the said present condition, and a compound suitable for it.
- the present inventors use a 1,9-substituted carbazole compound in which the 1,9-position is substituted with an aromatic group and at least one is a condensed ring as a phosphorescent light-emitting device material in an organic EL device. As a result, it was found that excellent characteristics were exhibited, and the present invention was completed.
- the present invention is an organic electroluminescent device in which an anode, a plurality of organic layers, and a cathode are laminated on a substrate, and is selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic heterocyclic group at positions 1 and 9 of the carbazole ring.
- a carbazole compound having a condensed ring structure having an aromatic group as a substituent and at least one of the aromatic groups formed from two or more rings and having a total carbon number of 20 to 80 is used as a phosphorescent light emitting device material
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent element having an organic layer.
- carbazole compound examples include compounds represented by the following general formula (1) or (2).
- Ar independently represents an aromatic group selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms and an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 23 carbon atoms; Represents an aromatic group selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms and an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and R 1 to R 3 are each independently hydrogen, 1 to 10 carbon atoms An alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 11 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 1 to 3. When n is 2 or more, the plurality of Ar and R 1 to R 3 may be the same or different. However, at least one of Ar and L is an aromatic group having a condensed ring structure formed from two or more rings.
- both or one of Ar and L is a monovalent or n-valent aromatic group generated from an aromatic compound represented by the following General Formula (3).
- X 1 each independently represents CR 4 or nitrogen
- Y represents —O—, —S— or —NR 5 —
- Z represents a direct bond, —O—, —S—.
- Ar when the aromatic group generated from the general formula (3) is Ar, it is a monovalent aromatic group, and when it is L, it is an n-valent aromatic group.
- Z is a direct bond.
- one of Ar or L is a monovalent or n-valent aromatic group generated from an aromatic compound represented by the following general formula (4).
- X 2 each independently represents CR 9 or nitrogen
- R 9 to R 12 each independently represent hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl having 3 to 11 carbon atoms.
- Ar when the aromatic group generated from the general formula (4) is Ar, it is a monovalent aromatic group, and when it is L, it is an n-valent aromatic group.
- the organic layer containing a phosphorescent light emitting device material is at least one layer selected from the group consisting of a light emitting layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and a hole blocking layer.
- the organic layer containing the phosphorescent light emitting element material is desirably a light emitting layer containing a phosphorescent dopant. It is desirable that the emission wavelength of the phosphorescent dopant has an emission maximum wavelength at 550 nm or less.
- the 9-position of carbazole is known to have a high electron density and high reactivity, and in the structure in which 9-position hydrogen is substituted with an alkyl group in the case where it is unsubstituted, the carbon bonded to the 9-position and Hydrogen is active, and when used in an organic EL device, the durability is remarkably lowered. For this reason, in order to improve the durability of the organic EL device, it is essential to use a carbazole compound in which the 9-position is substituted with an aromatic group.
- Electrochemical stability is closely related to the molecular orbitals that contribute to them (highest occupied orbitals (HOMO) for oxidation, lowest orbitals (LUMO) for reduction). In order to improve the stability against both charges, it is essential to design a molecule so that HOMO is distributed at sites with high oxidation resistance and LUMO is distributed at sites with high reduction resistance.
- the molecular orbitals Due to the effect of suppressing the spread of the molecular orbitals described above, the molecular orbitals can be distributed in sites with high resistance to oxidation / reduction, and it is considered that good charge stability can be obtained. In addition, it is considered that the T1 energy can be improved by suppressing the spread of conjugation of the whole molecule by increasing the strain of the whole compound. Based on the above effects, the carbazole compound used in the present invention is presumed to have a good charge stability and to obtain a phosphorescent host material with higher T1 energy.
- the carbazole compound used in the present invention can adjust the charge injection barrier to be lower by controlling the spread of the molecular orbitals described above.
- the charge balance is improved and the recombination probability is improved.
- the organic EL element using the phosphorescent light emitting element material achieves high luminous efficiency.
- the phosphorescent light emitting element material exhibits good amorphous characteristics and high thermal stability and is electrochemically stable, it realizes an organic EL element having a long driving life and high durability.
- FIG. 1 shows a 1 H-NMR chart of Compound 1.
- 1 shows a 1 H-NMR chart of Compound 2.
- a 1 H-NMR chart of Compound 18 is shown.
- a 1 H-NMR chart of Compound 82 is shown.
- a 1 H-NMR chart of Compound 83 is shown.
- 1 H-NMR chart of Compound H-1 is shown.
- 1 H-NMR chart of Compound H-2 is shown.
- the carbazole compound used in the present invention has an aromatic group selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic heterocyclic group as a substituent at positions 1 and 9 of the carbazole ring, and at least one of the aromatic groups is 2 It is a carbazole compound having a condensed ring structure formed from a ring or more.
- the substituents substituted at the 1-position and the 9-position are aromatic groups, where the aromatic group means an aromatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the carbazole compound used in the present invention is also referred to as a 1,9-substituted carbazole compound.
- a preferred 1,9-substituted carbazole compound is represented by the above general formula (1) or (2).
- Ar represents an aromatic group selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms and an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 23 carbon atoms. This aromatic group may or may not have a substituent.
- Preferred examples of the aromatic group having no substituent include benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, furan, thiophene, naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, indole, quinoline, isoquinoline, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, and benzofuran.
- the aromatic group having a substituent include an aromatic group obtained by substituting a substituent for the aromatic group having no substituent.
- substituents include an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, an acetyl group, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and a heteroaryl group having 3 to 11 carbon atoms. . More preferred are a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a carbazolyl group, a quinolyl group, and an isoquinolyl group.
- the carbon number of the aromatic group represented by Ar and L is a number not including the carbon number of the substituent.
- Ar is preferably a monovalent aromatic group generated from the aromatic compound represented by the general formula (3) or the general formula (4).
- the general formulas (3) and (4) will be described later.
- L represents an aromatic group selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms. This aromatic group may or may not have a substituent.
- Preferred examples of the aromatic group having no substituent include benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, furan, thiophene, naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, indole, quinoline, isoquinoline, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, and benzofuran.
- Benzothiophene carbazole, acridine, phenanthroline, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, benzofuran, benzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, dibenzoazepine or tribenzoazepine, an n-valent group formed by removing n hydrogen atoms.
- aromatic group having a substituent examples include an aromatic group obtained by substituting a substituent on the aromatic group having no substituent.
- this substituent include an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and an acetyl group.
- the above substituent may further have a substituent.
- preferred specific examples include an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and an acetyl group.
- Ar and L may be an aromatic group in which a plurality of aromatic groups having no substituent are connected. In this case, it can be considered that it consists of an aromatic group bonded to the central carbazole ring and an aromatic group substituted therefor.
- aromatic groups include monovalent or n-valent compounds derived from biphenyl, terphenyl, bipyridine, bipyrimidine, phenylpyridine, diphenylpyridine, phenylpyrimidine, diphenylpyrimidine, phenyltriazine, diphenyltriazine, phenylcarbazole and the like. Groups.
- L is substituted at the 1-position or 9-position of the central carbazole ring.
- n is 2 or 3
- it is bonded to other carbazole rings in addition to the central carbazole ring, but the position of connection with other carbazole rings is not limited, and even if it is a terminal ring, It does not matter.
- At least one of Ar or L is an aromatic group having a condensed ring structure formed from two or more rings.
- the aromatic group having a condensed ring structure may be directly bonded to the central carbazole ring, and when the aromatic group has a substituted aromatic group, The ring of this aromatic group may be a single ring.
- at least one of Ar or L is an aromatic heterocyclic ring formed from two or more rings, more preferably a condensed ring structure represented by the general formula (3).
- Ar or L is represented by general formula (4).
- the other is an aromatic group having a condensed ring structure formed from two or more rings.
- R 1 to R 3 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 11 carbon atoms, or an aromatic having 6 to 18 carbon atoms. Represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms. Preferred are hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidyl group, a triazyl group, and a carbazolyl group.
- R 1 to R 3 are groups other than hydrogen, these groups may have a substituent, and preferred substituents include alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy groups having 1 to 2 carbon atoms. , An acetyl group, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and a heteroaryl group having 3 to 11 carbon atoms. More preferred are a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a carbazolyl group, a quinolyl group, and an isoquinolyl group.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 3. Preferably it is 1 or 2.
- X 1 represents CR 4 or a nitrogen independently. Preferably it is CR 4.
- Y represents —O—, —S— or —NR 5 —.
- Preferred is —S— or —NR 5 —.
- Z represents a direct bond, —O—, —S—, —NR 6 —, —CR 7 R 8 — or a group represented by the formula (Z-1).
- Preferred is a direct bond, —O—, —S— or —NR 6 —, and more preferred is a direct bond.
- R 4 to R 8 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 11 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or 3 to 17 carbon atoms. Represents an aromatic heterocyclic group. At least one of R 7 and R 8 is preferably hydrogen.
- the aromatic group generated from the compound of the general formula (3) becomes a monovalent or n-valent aromatic group, one or n of R 4 to R 8 are removed to form a direct bond.
- One of these direct bonds is bonded to the 1-position or 9-position of the central carbazole ring.
- L has two or more direct bonds, the other direct bonds are bonded to other carbazole rings.
- R 4 to R 8 are preferably hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidyl group, a triazyl group, or a carbazolyl group. More preferably, they are hydrogen, a phenyl group, and a carbazolyl group.
- R 4 to R 8 are groups other than hydrogen, these groups may have a substituent, and preferred substituents include alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy groups having 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
- An acetyl group an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and a heteroaryl group having 3 to 11 carbon atoms. More preferred are a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a carbazolyl group, a quinolyl group, and an isoquinolyl group.
- X 2 represents CR 9 or nitrogen independently. Preferably it is CR 9.
- R 9 to R 12 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 11 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or Represents an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms.
- the aromatic group generated from the compound of the general formula (4) becomes a monovalent or n-valent aromatic group
- one or n of R 9 to R 12 are removed to form a direct bond.
- One of these direct bonds is bonded to the 1-position or 9-position of the central carbazole ring.
- L has two or more direct bonds, the other direct bonds are bonded to other carbazole rings.
- R 9 to R 12 are preferably hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidyl group, a triazyl group, or a carbazolyl group. More preferably, they are hydrogen, a phenyl group, and a carbazolyl group.
- R 9 to R 12 are groups other than hydrogen, these groups may have a substituent, and preferred substituents include an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and an alkoxy group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
- An acetyl group an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and a heteroaryl group having 3 to 11 carbon atoms. More preferred are a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a carbazolyl group, a quinolyl group, and an isoquinolyl group.
- T1 energy is 2.85 (eV) or more. Preferably it is 2.90 or more, More preferably, it is 3.00 or more.
- T1 energy in this specification is a value obtained by using Gaussian 03, a molecular calculation software manufactured by Gaussian, USA, and structure optimization at the B3LYP / 6-31G * B3LYP / cc-pVDZ level. It is defined as a value calculated by calculation.
- the 1,9-substituted carbazole compound used in the present invention is synthesized using a known method, starting from a carbazole derivative substituted at the 1-position with a halogen atom, selecting the raw material according to the structure of the target compound can do.
- the 1-bromocarbazole skeleton of a carbazole derivative substituted at the 1-position with a bromine atom is described in Synlett, 2000, No. 30, p131-p140 and J.P. Org. Chem, 2001, No. 66, p8612-p8615 can be synthesized according to the following reaction formula with reference to synthesis examples.
- 1,9-substituted carbazole compound represented by the general formula (1) or (2) are shown below, but the 1,9-substituted carbazole compound used in the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the 1,9-position substituted carbazole compound used in the organic EL device of the present invention is excellent by being contained in at least one organic layer of an organic EL device in which an anode, a plurality of organic layers and a cathode are laminated on a substrate.
- An organic electroluminescent device is provided.
- a light emitting layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer or a hole blocking layer is suitable. More preferably, it may be contained as a host material of a light emitting layer containing a phosphorescent dopant.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has an organic layer having at least one light emitting layer between an anode and a cathode laminated on a substrate, and at least one organic layer contains a 1,9-position substituted carbazole compound. Including.
- a 1,9-substituted carbazole compound is included in the light emitting layer together with a phosphorescent dopant.
- the structure of the organic EL element of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the structure of the organic EL element of the present invention is not limited to the illustrated one.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of a general organic EL device used in the present invention, wherein 1 is a substrate, 2 is an anode, 3 is a hole injection layer, 4 is a hole transport layer, and 5 is a light emitting layer. , 6 represents an electron transport layer, and 7 represents a cathode.
- the organic EL device of the present invention may have an exciton blocking layer adjacent to the light emitting layer, and may have an electron blocking layer between the light emitting layer and the hole injection layer.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted on either the anode side or the cathode side of the light emitting layer, or both can be inserted simultaneously.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has a substrate, an anode, a light emitting layer and a cathode as essential layers, but it is preferable to have a hole injecting and transporting layer and an electron injecting and transporting layer in layers other than the essential layers, and further emit light. It is preferable to have a hole blocking layer between the layer and the electron injecting and transporting layer.
- the hole injection / transport layer means either or both of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer
- the electron injection / transport layer means either or both of an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer.
- the organic EL element of the present invention is preferably supported on a substrate.
- the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is conventionally used for an organic EL element.
- a substrate made of glass, transparent plastic, quartz, or the like can be used.
- an electrode material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used.
- electrode materials include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 and ZnO.
- conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 and ZnO.
- an amorphous material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) that can form a transparent conductive film may be used.
- these electrode materials may be formed into a thin film by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering, and a pattern having a desired shape may be formed by a photolithography method, or when the pattern accuracy is not required (about 100 ⁇ m or more) ), A pattern may be formed through a mask having a desired shape when the electrode material is deposited or sputtered. Or when using the substance which can be apply
- the cathode a material having a low work function (4 eV or less) metal (referred to as an electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof as an electrode material is used.
- an electron injecting metal a material having a low work function (4 eV or less) metal
- an alloy a material having a low work function (4 eV or less) metal
- an alloy a material having a low work function (4 eV or less) metal
- an alloy referred to as an electron injecting metal
- an alloy referred to as an electron injecting metal
- a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function than this for example, a magnesium / silver mixture
- Suitable are a magnesium / aluminum mixture, a magnesium / indium mixture, an aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixture, a lithium / aluminum mixture, aluminum and the like.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance as the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- the light emission luminance is improved, which is convenient.
- a transparent or semi-transparent cathode can be produced by producing the conductive transparent material mentioned in the description of the anode on the cathode after producing the metal with a thickness of 1 to 20 nm on the cathode.
- an element in which both the anode and the cathode are transmissive can be manufactured.
- the light emitting layer is a phosphorescent light emitting layer and includes a phosphorescent dopant and a host material.
- the phosphorescent dopant material preferably contains an organometallic complex containing at least one metal selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold. Such organometallic complexes are known in the prior art documents and the like, and these can be selected and used.
- the emission wavelength of the phosphorescent dopant preferably has a maximum emission wavelength of 550 nm or less.
- Preferable phosphorescent dopants include complexes such as Ir (ppy) 3 having a noble metal element such as Ir as a central metal, complexes such as (Bt) 2 Iracac, and complexes such as (Btp) Ptacac. Specific examples of these complexes are shown below, but are not limited to the following compounds.
- the amount of the phosphorescent dopant contained in the light emitting layer is preferably in the range of 5 to 30% by weight.
- the host material in the emissive layer it is preferable to use a 1,9-position substituted carbazole compound.
- the carbazole compound when used in any organic layer other than the light emitting layer, the material used for the light emitting layer may be a host material other than the 1,9-substituted carbazole compound.
- a 1,9-substituted carbazole compound and another host material may be used in combination.
- a plurality of known host materials may be used in combination.
- a known host compound that can be used is preferably a compound that has a hole transporting ability and an electron transporting ability, prevents a long wavelength of light emission, and has a high glass transition temperature.
- Such other host materials are known from a large number of patent documents and can be selected from them.
- Specific examples of the host material are not particularly limited, but include indole derivatives, carbazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, Pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, styrylamine compounds, aromatic dimethylidene compounds, porphyrins Compounds, anthraquinodimethane derivatives, anthrone derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivative
- Tetracarboxylic anhydride Tetracarboxylic anhydride, phthalocyanine derivatives, metal complexes of 8-quinolinol derivatives, metal phthalocyanines, various metal complexes represented by metal complexes of benzoxazole and benzothiazole derivatives, polysilane compounds, poly (N-vinylcarbazole) derivatives, Examples include aniline-based copolymers, thiophene oligomers, polythiophene derivatives, polyphenylene derivatives, polyphenylene vinylene derivatives, and polyfluorene derivatives.
- the injection layer is a layer provided between the electrode and the organic layer for lowering the driving voltage and improving the luminance of light emission.
- the injection layer can be provided as necessary.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a hole blocking material that has a function of transporting electrons and has a remarkably small ability to transport holes. The probability of recombination of electrons and holes can be improved by blocking.
- a 1,9-position substituted carbazole compound for the hole blocking layer, but when the carbazole compound is used for any other organic layer, a known hole blocking layer material may be used. Moreover, as a hole-blocking layer material, the material of the electron carrying layer mentioned later can be used as needed.
- the electron blocking layer is made of a material that has a function of transporting holes and has a very small ability to transport electrons.
- the electron blocking layer blocks the electrons while transporting holes, and the probability of recombination of electrons and holes. Can be improved.
- the thickness of the electron blocking layer is preferably 3 to 100 nm, more preferably 5 to 30 nm.
- the exciton blocking layer is a layer for preventing excitons generated by recombination of holes and electrons in the light emitting layer from diffusing into the charge transport layer. It becomes possible to efficiently confine in the light emitting layer, and the light emission efficiency of the device can be improved.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted on either the anode side or the cathode side adjacent to the light emitting layer, or both can be inserted simultaneously.
- Examples of the material for the exciton blocking layer include 1,3-dicarbazolylbenzene (mCP) and bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) -4-phenylphenolato aluminum (III) (BAlq). It is done.
- mCP 1,3-dicarbazolylbenzene
- BAlq bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) -4-phenylphenolato aluminum
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport material has either hole injection or transport or electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
- a 1,9-substituted carbazole compound is preferably used for the hole transport layer, but any one of conventionally known compounds can be selected and used.
- known hole transport materials that can be used include triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, Examples include styryl anthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aniline copolymers, and conductive polymer oligomers, particularly thiophene oligomers. Porphyrin compounds, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, and styryl. It is
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and the electron transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- an electron transport material (which may also serve as a hole blocking material), it is sufficient if it has a function of transmitting electrons injected from the cathode to the light emitting layer.
- any one of conventionally known compounds can be selected and used. For example, nitro-substituted fluorene Derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, carbodiimides, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, and the like.
- a thiadiazole derivative in which the oxygen atom of the oxadiazole ring is substituted with a sulfur atom, and a quinoxaline derivative having a quinoxaline ring known as an electron withdrawing group can also be used as an electron transport material.
- a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.
- a 1,9-substituted carbazole compound as a phosphorescent light emitting device material was synthesized by the route shown below.
- the compound number corresponds to the number assigned to the above chemical formula.
- intermediate A is 6.4 g (0.0346 mol)
- intermediate D is 13.0 g (0.0266 mol)
- copper iodide is 20.2 g (0.106 mol)
- trans-1 2-cyclohexanediamine 12.7 mL0.10 (0.106 mol)
- 1,4-dioxane 115 mL were added and stirred overnight while heating at 110 ° C.
- the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure.
- the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 8.6 g (14.5 mmol, yield 55.0%) of Intermediate E as a white solid.
- intermediate A is 4.00 g (0.0216 mol)
- intermediate F is 10.0 g (0.03231mol)
- copper iodide 16.5g (0.0864 mol)
- tripotassium phosphate 18.3 g (0.0864 mol)
- trans-1 2-cyclohexanediamine 10.0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ mL (0.0864 mol)
- 724-mL of 1,4-dioxane were added and stirred at 120 ° C for 4 hours.
- the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure.
- the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 8.5 g of intermediate G (20.5 mmol, yield 94.9%) as a white solid.
- intermediate A 25.0 g (0.135 mol), 4,4'-diiodobiphenyl 21.0 g (0.0519 mol), copper iodide 39.5 g (0.207 mol), tripotassium phosphate 43.9 g (0.207 mol)
- 25.0 mL2 (0.207 mol) of trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine and 450 mL of 1,4-dioxane were added and stirred for 18 hours while heating at 120 ° C. After cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 10.4 g (20.1 mmol, yield 38.7%) of intermediate H as a white solid.
- intermediate M was 8.8 g (0.0358 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ mol), phenylboronic acid 8.7 g (0.0715 mol), tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) 3.3 g (2.86 mmol), sodium carbonate 13.6 g water (60 mL) solution, 180 mL of toluene and 60 mL of ethanol were added and stirred overnight while heating at 90 ° C. After cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, distilled water (300 mL) was added with stirring. The organic layer was washed with distilled water (3 ⁇ 300 mL).
- intermediate P was added with 45.0 g (0.134 mol), carbazole 24.7 g (0.147 mol), copper oxide 57.5 g (0.402 mol) and dimethylacetamide 1000 mL, and stirred at 160 ° C for 3 days. .
- distilled water 1000 mL was added with stirring, and the organic layer was washed with distilled water (3 mL ⁇ 500 mL). After the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, magnesium sulfate was filtered off and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure.
- intermediate Q is 10.0 g (0.0300 mol), 4,4'-diiodobiphenyl 4.69 g (0.0116 mol), copper iodide 8.84 g (0.0464 mol), tripotassium phosphate 9.84 g (0.0464 mol) , Trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (5.6 mL, 0.0464 mol) and 1,4-dioxane (100 mL) were added, and the mixture was stirred for 6 hours while heating at 120 ° C. After cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure.
- Table 1 shows the calculated values of T1 energy of the compounds synthesized in the above synthesis examples and CBP. The calculation was performed using Gaussian 03 described above. Here, CBP, Compound H-1 and Compound H-2 are comparative compounds. From Table 1, it is confirmed that the T1 energy value is increased by introducing a substituent having two or more rings at the 1-position.
- Example 1 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of indium tin oxide (ITO) having a thickness of 110 nm was formed.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- CuPC copper phthalocyanine
- N, N-di (naphthalen-1-yl) -N, N-diphenyl-benzidene (NPB) was formed to a thickness of 90 nm as a hole transport layer.
- Compound 1 as a host material of the light emitting layer and an iridium complex [iridium (III) bis (4,6-di-fluorophenyl) -pyridinate-N as a blue phosphorescent material as a dopant , C2 ′] picolinate] (FIrpic) were co-deposited from different deposition sources to form a light emitting layer with a thickness of 30 nm. The concentration of FIrpic was 10%.
- Alq3 was formed to a thickness of 30 nm as an electron transport layer.
- lithium fluoride (LiF) was formed to a thickness of 1.0 nm as an electron injection layer.
- the obtained organic EL device has a layer structure in which an electron injection layer is added between the cathode and the electron transport layer in the organic EL device shown in FIG.
- the organic EL element had the light emission characteristics as shown in Table 2.
- Table 2 the luminance, voltage, and luminous efficiency show values at 2.5 mA / cm 2 .
- the maximum wavelength of the device emission spectrum was 475 nm, indicating that light emission from FIrpic was obtained.
- Example 2 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 2 was used as the host material of the light emitting layer in Example 1.
- Example 3 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 4 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer in Example 1.
- Example 4 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 18 was used as the host material of the light emitting layer in Example 1.
- Example 5 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 22 was used as the host material of the light emitting layer in Example 1.
- Example 6 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 57 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer in Example 1.
- Example 7 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 82 was used as the host material of the light emitting layer in Example 1.
- Example 8 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 83 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer in Example 1.
- Example 9 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound 87 was used as the host material of the light emitting layer in Example 1.
- Comparative Example 1 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that CBP was used as the host material of the light emitting layer in Example 1.
- Comparative Example 2 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound H-1 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer in Example 1.
- Comparative Example 3 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound H-2 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer in Example 1.
- Example 10 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of an ITO substrate having a thickness of 110 nm was formed.
- copper phthalocyanine (CuPC) was formed to a thickness of 25 nm on ITO as a hole injection layer.
- NPB was formed to a thickness of 40 nm as a hole transport layer.
- Compound 1 as a host material and Ir (ppy) 3 as a dopant were co-deposited from different vapor deposition sources on the hole transport layer to form a light emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm. At this time, the concentration of Ir (ppy) 3 was 10 wt%.
- Alq3 was formed to a thickness of 20 nm as an electron transport layer. Further, on the electron transport layer, lithium fluoride (LiF) was formed to a thickness of 1 nm as an electron injection layer. Finally, on the electron injection layer, aluminum (Al) was formed as an electrode to a thickness of 70 nm to produce an organic EL element.
- LiF lithium fluoride
- Al aluminum
- the organic EL element had the light emission characteristics as shown in Table 3.
- Table 3 the luminance, voltage, and luminous efficiency show the values when driving at 20 mA / cm 2 , and the luminance half-life is evaluated at a constant current driving of 20 mA / cm 2. The value converted in the case of luminance 1000 cd / m 2 is shown. The maximum wavelength of the device emission spectrum was 530 nm, and it was found that light emission from Ir (ppy) 3 was obtained.
- Example 11 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that Compound 2 was used as the host material of the light emitting layer in Example 10.
- Example 12 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that Compound 4 was used as the host material of the light emitting layer in Example 10.
- Example 13 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that Compound 18 was used as the host material of the light emitting layer in Example 10.
- Example 14 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that Compound 22 was used as the host material of the light emitting layer in Example 10.
- Example 15 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that Compound 57 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer in Example 10.
- Example 16 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that Compound 82 was used as the host material of the light emitting layer in Example 10.
- Example 17 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that Compound 83 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer in Example 10.
- Example 18 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that Compound 87 was used as the host material of the light emitting layer in Example 10.
- Comparative Example 4 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that CBP was used as the host material of the light emitting layer in Example 10.
- Comparative Example 5 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that Compound H-1 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer in Example 10.
- Comparative Example 6 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that Compound H-2 was used as the host material for the light emitting layer in Example 10.
- the organic EL devices obtained in Examples 11 to 18 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 10. As a result, it was confirmed that they had the light emission characteristics as shown in Table 3.
- the maximum wavelengths of the emission spectra of the organic EL devices obtained in Examples 11 to 18 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 were all 530 nm, and it was identified that light emission from Ir (ppy) 3 was obtained. It was.
- the organic EL element of the present invention has practically satisfactory levels in terms of light emission characteristics, driving life and durability, and is a flat panel display (cell phone display element, in-vehicle display element, OA, computer display element, television, etc.), The technical value of the light source (illumination, light source of copying machine, backlight light source of liquid crystal display and instruments), display panel, and sign lamp is great.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の有機EL素子は、基板に支持されていることが好ましい。この基板については、特に制限はなく、従来から有機EL素子に慣用されているものであればよく、例えば、ガラス、透明プラスチック、石英などからなるものを用いることができる。
有機EL素子における陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが好ましく用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としてはAu等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)等非晶質で透明導電膜を作製可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極はこれらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成してもよく、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合は(100μm以上程度)、上記電極物質の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。あるいは、有機導電性化合物のように塗布可能な物質を用いる場合には、印刷方式、コーティング方式等湿式成膜法を用いることもできる。この陽極より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。更に膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10~1000nm、好ましくは10~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、陰極としては、仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム-カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えば、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。陰極はこれらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、陰極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm~5μm、好ましくは50~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。なお、発光した光を透過させるため、有機EL素子の陽極又は陰極のいずれか一方が、透明又は半透明であれば発光輝度が向上し好都合である。
発光層は燐光発光層であり、燐光発光ドーパントとホスト材料を含む。燐光発光ドーパント材料としては、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、銀、レニウム、オスミウム、イリジウム、白金及び金から選ばれる少なくとも1つの金属を含む有機金属錯体を含有するものがよい。かかる有機金属錯体は、前記先行技術文献等で公知であり、これらが選択されて使用可能である。燐光発光ドーパントの発光波長は550nm以下に発光極大波長を有することが望ましい。
注入層とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために電極と有機層間に設けられる層のことで、正孔注入層と電子注入層があり、陽極と発光層又は正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層又は電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。注入層は必要に応じて設けることができる。
正孔阻止層とは広い意味では電子輸送層の機能を有し、電子を輸送する機能を有しつつ正孔を輸送する能力が著しく小さい正孔阻止材料からなり、電子を輸送しつつ正孔を阻止することで電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。
電子阻止層とは、正孔を輸送する機能を有しつつ電子を輸送する能力が著しく小さい材料から成り、正孔を輸送しつつ電子を阻止することで電子と正孔が再結合する確率を向上させることができる。
励起子阻止層とは、発光層内で正孔と電子が再結合することにより生じた励起子が電荷輸送層に拡散することを阻止するための層であり、本層の挿入により励起子を効率的に発光層内に閉じ込めることが可能となり、素子の発光効率を向上させることができる。励起子阻止層は発光層に隣接して陽極側、陰極側のいずれにも挿入することができ、両方同時に挿入することも可能である。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、正孔輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、電子輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
化合物2の合成
APCI-TOFMS, m/z 739 [M+H]+ 、1H-NMR測定結果(測定溶媒:CD2Cl2)を図3に示す。
化合物18の合成。
化合物82の合成
化合物83の合成
化合物H-1の合成
APCI-TOFMS, m/z 637 [M+H]+ 、1H-NMR測定結果(測定溶媒:THF-d8)を図7
に示す。
化合物H-2の合成
膜厚 110 nm の 酸化インジウムスズ(ITO)からなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度2.0×10-5 Pa で積層させた。まず、ITO 上に正孔注入層として、銅フタロシアニン(CuPC)を 25 nm の厚さに形成した。次に、正孔輸送層としてN,N-ジ(ナフタレン-1-イル)-N,N-ジフェニル-ベンジデン(NPB)を 90 nm の厚さに形成した。次に、正孔輸送層上に、発光層のホスト材料としての化合物1とドーパントとしての青色燐光材料であるイリジウム錯体[イリジウム(III)ビス(4,6-ジ-フルオロフェニル)-ピリジネート-N,C2']ピコリネート](FIrpic)とを異なる蒸着源から、共蒸着し、30 nm の厚さに発光層を形成した。FIrpicの濃度は 10 %であった。次に、電子輸送層として Alq3 を 30 nm厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に、電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を 1.0 nm厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、電極としてアルミニウム(Al)を70 nm厚さに形成した。得られた有機EL素子は、図1に示す有機EL素子において、陰極と電子輸送層の間に、電子注入層が追加された層構成を有する。
実施例1における発光層のホスト材料として、化合物2を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例1における発光層のホスト材料として、化合物4を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例1における発光層のホスト材料として、化合物18を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例1における発光層のホスト材料として、化合物22を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例1における発光層のホスト材料として、化合物57を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例1における発光層のホスト材料として、化合物82を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例1における発光層のホスト材料として、化合物83を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例1における発光層のホスト材料として、化合物87を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例1における発光層のホスト材料として、CBPを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例1における発光層のホスト材料として、化合物H-1を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例1における発光層のホスト材料として、化合物H-2を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
膜厚110nmのITO基板からなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度2.0×10-5 Paで積層させた。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層として、銅フタロシアニン(CuPC)を 25 nm の厚さに形成した。次に、正孔輸送層としてNPBを40 nmの厚さに形成した。次に、正孔輸送層上に、ホスト材料としての化合物1とドーパントとしてのIr(ppy)3とを異なる蒸着源から、共蒸着し、40nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、Ir(ppy)3の濃度は10 wt%であった。次に、電子輸送層としてAlq3を20nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に、電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、電極としてアルミニウム(Al)を70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例10における発光層のホスト材料として、化合物2を用いた以外は実施例10と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例10における発光層のホスト材料として、化合物4を用いた以外は実施例10と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例10における発光層のホスト材料として化合物18を用いた以外は実施例10と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例10における発光層のホスト材料として化合物22を用いた以外は実施例10と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例10における発光層のホスト材料として化合物57を用いた以外は実施例10と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例10における発光層のホスト材料として化合物82を用いた以外は実施例10と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例10における発光層のホスト材料として化合物83を用いた以外は実施例10と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例10における発光層のホスト材料として化合物87を用いた以外は実施例10と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例10における発光層のホスト材料としてCBPを用いた以外は実施例10と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例10における発光層のホスト材料として化合物H-1を用いた以外は実施例10と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
実施例10における発光層のホスト材料として化合物H-2を用いた以外は実施例10と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
Claims (8)
- 基板上に、陽極、複数の有機層及び陰極が積層されてなる有機電界発光素子において、カルバゾール環の1位及び9位に芳香族炭化水素基及び芳香族複素環基から選ばれる芳香族基を置換基として有し、該芳香族基の少なくとも一方が2環以上の環から形成される縮環構造を有し、総炭素数20~80のカルバゾール化合物を燐光発光素子用材料として含む有機層を有することを特徴とする有機電界発光素子。
- カルバゾール化合物が、一般式(1)又は(2)で表される請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
(一般式(1)及び(2)中、Arはそれぞれ独立して炭素数6~24の芳香族炭化水素基及び炭素数3~23の芳香族複素環基から選ばれる芳香族基を表し、Lは炭素数6~30の芳香族炭化水素基及び炭素数3~30の芳香族複素環基から選ばれる芳香族基を表し、R1~R3はそれぞれ独立して水素、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数3~11のシクロアルキル基、炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基又は炭素数3~17の芳香族複素環基を表し、nは1~3の整数を表す。nが2以上の場合、複数のAr及びR1~R3はそれぞれ同一であっても異なっていても良い。ただし、Ar及びLのうち少なくとも1つは2環以上の環から形成される縮環構造の芳香族基である。) - 一般式(3)において、Zが直接結合である請求項3に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- カルバゾール化合物を含む有機層が、発光層、正孔輸送層、電子輸送層、及び正孔阻止層からなる群れから選ばれる少なくとも1つの層である請求項1~5に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- カルバゾール化合物を含む有機層が、燐光発光ドーパントを含有する発光層である請求項6に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 燐光発光ドーパントの発光波長が550nm以下に発光極大波長を有する請求項7に記載の有機電界発光素子。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102939674B (zh) | 2017-02-08 |
TWI475004B (zh) | 2015-03-01 |
KR20120109585A (ko) | 2012-10-08 |
EP2521197B8 (en) | 2019-03-27 |
US20120235136A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
US9461250B2 (en) | 2016-10-04 |
JPWO2011081061A1 (ja) | 2013-05-09 |
KR101783344B1 (ko) | 2017-09-29 |
TW201206886A (en) | 2012-02-16 |
CN102939674A (zh) | 2013-02-20 |
EP2521197B1 (en) | 2019-01-30 |
EP2521197A1 (en) | 2012-11-07 |
JP5584702B2 (ja) | 2014-09-03 |
EP2521197A4 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
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