WO2011073448A2 - Élément membrane - Google Patents

Élément membrane Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011073448A2
WO2011073448A2 PCT/EP2010/070273 EP2010070273W WO2011073448A2 WO 2011073448 A2 WO2011073448 A2 WO 2011073448A2 EP 2010070273 W EP2010070273 W EP 2010070273W WO 2011073448 A2 WO2011073448 A2 WO 2011073448A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
membrane component
membrane
photovoltaic element
flexible
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/070273
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2011073448A3 (fr
Inventor
Karsten Moritz
Original Assignee
Seele Holding Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Seele Holding Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Seele Holding Gmbh & Co. Kg
Publication of WO2011073448A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011073448A2/fr
Publication of WO2011073448A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011073448A3/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/26—Building materials integrated with PV modules, e.g. façade elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/20—Optical components
    • H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E04H2015/202—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework
    • E04H2015/203—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework supported by a non-inflatable structure or framework
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a membrane component according to the independent claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for fixing a central layer to a membrane component according to claim 19.
  • the invention relates to a membrane construction component comprising an outer layer in the form of a flexible sheet, an inner layer in the form of a flexible sheet and at least one flexible photovoltaic element which on or in at least one flexible support a central layer between the outer layer and the inner layer forms.
  • PV photovoltaic
  • the technology of the flexible thin-film solar modules is preferably suitable, in particular with amorphous silicon cells, which are thin and bendable (bendable) in at least one direction. They are also called foil-like.
  • these film-like PV elements are particularly suitable to be combined or bonded with the likewise thin, bendable and foldable fabrics, preferably made of films or woven fabrics.
  • Membrane cushion designs represent a design that today belongs to the repertoire of architects and engineers as well as to the appearance of many realized buildings. They represent a possibility of lightweight construction, which are preferably used as a component in roofs, facades or casings. The weight of such membrane cushion constructions is low. In comparison with so-called hard and relatively rigid components in roofs, facades or building envelopes, a membrane cushion construction leads to material and weight savings.
  • Membrane cushion constructions are usually firmly connected to a substructure or to a primary support system.
  • the connection is usually by means of a circumferential retaining profile, so that the weight of the membrane component and also external loads, z. As wind loads and snow loads, can also be removed in the load-bearing substructure or in the primary structure.
  • the holding profile is attached to an edge profile, which consists for reasons of better mountability mostly of several components that are in operative engagement.
  • the connection of edge profiles with the substructure or the primary structure is usually carried out by means of mechanical attachment, for example by screw connection, so that the dimensional stability of the Membranbaukomponentenran- is ensured by the relatively rigid edge profile and its connection to the substructure or with the primary structure and the forces can be derived.
  • the present invention is based on the object, the PV element or the PV elements in the long term from the weather and high stresses, for example, caused by hailstorm, humidity, rain or "strike through" of the PV element (applied to the outer layer (OL)) under snow load in case of failure of the internal pressure of the pad. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method with which a central layer according to the invention in a simple and cost-effective manner inside a membrane construction component, i. between inner and outer layer, can be attached.
  • the membrane component comprises an outer and an inner layer in the form of a flexible sheet and at least one flexible photovoltaic element which forms on or in at least one flexible support a central layer between the outer layer and the inner layer, wherein a through the outer layer and the inner layer having a limited space having a pressure which differs from an ambient pressure, and wherein the central layer has at least one opening for allowing pressure equalization between a space formed by the outer layer and the middle layer and by the inner layer and the middle layer.
  • the at least one flexible carrier consists of a plurality of individual subregions which can be connected to one another, wherein a first subarea of the carrier is designed to accommodate the photovoltaic element. increase and second and third portions of the carrier are adapted to connect the flexible support with a circumferential retaining profile (F).
  • the solution according to the invention has a number of significant advantages over the known membrane component with photovoltaic elements.
  • the outer layer (OL) of the membrane component for example a membrane construction pad, which is as permeable as possible to solar radiation in the absorption region of the PV elements, offers significantly greater protection of the PV elements integrated in the membrane component from mechanical stress and damage, e.g. by rain, snow, temperature, moisture / water vapor, hailstorm, sandstorm, dirt, etc., as these provide for application or lamination of the PV elements to or into the outer layer (OL) of a membrane building component.
  • the relatively expensive PV element is not immediately damaged if the outer layer (OL) of the membrane component is mechanically damaged, for example by hailstones.
  • the PV element can also be removed and reused.
  • the outer layer (OL) can be repaired without having to remove the PV element.
  • a membrane construction component with more than two layers is formed in such a way that all individual volumes produced by the layers communicate with one another in the sense that they have the same gas pressure (in the case of air as the medium: air pressure), at each middle position (ML, ML1, ML2, ...) the pressure difference is zero.
  • each of these middle layers (ML, ML1, ML2,...) Will remain in their position during normal operation even in the case of external loads (wind, snow) if sufficient communication (connection with sufficient Cross section) of the individual volumes (chambers) can not set a pressure difference at these middle layers (ML, ML1, ML2, ).
  • the multi-part carrier has the advantage that the items can be made separately. Accordingly, it is also conceivable to be able to resort to standard components (for example finished PV laminate as the first subregion), which makes the production of carriers tailored to the membrane component superfluous. Consequently, when changing the size of the membrane arrangement, only the second and third subregions of the carrier need to be adapted, whereby the first subarea with the PV elements can in principle be reused.
  • standard components for example finished PV laminate as the first subregion
  • the outer layer and / or the inner layer of the membrane component from a transparent film, preferably from the fluoropolymer material ETFE (ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer).
  • ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
  • These films are characterized by a high transparency and high strength and weather resistance, which on the one hand optimizes the efficiency of the photovoltaic system, on the other hand also ensures optimum protection of the sensitive photovoltaic element from mechanical stresses and environmental influences.
  • the proposed films are also characterized by a long life under outdoor weather and thus reduce the cost over the term.
  • the opening between the space formed by the outer layer and the middle layer and the inner layer and the central layer space can be formed by a controllable valve.
  • the controllable valve advantageously allows the orientation to be maintained not only constant in the once set manner, but by closing and opening the valve targeted to set a pressure difference. Due to the tension and warping of the carrier, this causes a changed orientation of the photovoltaic element, so that, for example, the alignment can follow the position of the sun.
  • the opening can of course also be formed by a grid or a gas-permeable membrane.
  • the at least one central layer can be designed such that it is stretched along a portion of a surface between the inner layer and the outer layer to form the opening.
  • the middle layer is not to be understood as a continuous sheet between the top layer and the base, which divides the interior of the membrane component into two volumes separated from one another except for a small opening between the outer layer and the middle layer on the one hand and the central layer and inner layer on the other.
  • the central layer is arranged in this embodiment only on a geometric surface between the inner and outer layer, formed by the carrier and the opening or openings.
  • the mid-ply can be designed to reduce convection within the membrane construction component and thus increase the thermal insulation of the membrane building component.
  • the above-mentioned center position can also be formed, for example, by a plurality of spaced-apart carriers.
  • a carrier which meets the necessary solar radiation.
  • the carriers of the central position such that, despite an effective use of solar energy, light nevertheless passes through the membrane component.
  • roofs in the style of a glass facade, whereby the corresponding premises would be flooded by a multiple of sunlight.
  • the carrier it is of course also possible to arrange the carrier so that The membrane components can be used to provide a degree of shade, which is useful for example in carports.
  • the at least one flexible support may be longer than the distance between opposing retaining profiles, whereby the central layer is self-curved under its own weight to the inner layer.
  • the downwardly curved center layer results in better behavior in snow or water loads in low slope areas, e.g. in a flat roof, for example in the case of a failure of the gas supply (air supply) or even in snow loads that exceed the membrane component overpressure.
  • a downwardly curved center layer (ML, ML1, ML2,...) Will slowly deposit onto the inner layer (IL) under a load with the PV applied thereon and transfer load to it.
  • the deformations and stresses of the PV elements are low.
  • the PV element or the PV elements are applied on or in an upwardly curved position (OL or ML) or on or in several upwardly curved layers (OL or ML, ML1, ML2, These layers, together with the PV element or the PV elements, first pass through the center plane of the membrane component, this is also referred to as a "strike through”.
  • This "penetration" is associated with significantly larger deformations, smaller radii of curvature and greater mechanical stresses (possibly bending, compression or tensile stress), as is the case with downwardly curved layers. In the latter case, the PV element is stressed mainly by a surface pressure.
  • the middle layers completely unrestrained, ie taut and even, within the membrane component, ie between the inner and outer layer to install.
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageous when using the membrane component according to the invention on a vertical facade, since the planar, streamlined construction on the one hand reduces the load on the PV elements and on the other hand optimizes the yield of solar energy. It is possible that the photovoltaic element by gluing, welding, riveting, screwing, laying in pockets or by strips or straps is attached to the support without the solar cells are thereby impaired or damaged. In some of the above types of connection, the replacement is easily possible without the carrier must be replaced, such as riveting, screwing, laying in pockets or attachment by strips or straps.
  • the photovoltaic elements can be fixed by lamination or on or in the carrier. This improves the protection against environmental influences. Moreover, this makes it possible to obtain the photovoltaic elements in laminated form from external suppliers and to connect them by means of the method according to the invention with the membrane component.
  • the individual subareas of the flexible carrier are formed from a transparent film, preferably from the fluoropolymer material ETFE (ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer), especially in the case where the inner layer and the outer layer are likewise made of the fluoropolymer material ETFE.
  • ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
  • the photovoltaic element (PV) can be centered or arranged asymmetrically with respect to the central position or with respect to the membrane component. This makes it possible to optimize the position with respect to the solar radiation. It is also possible that the one or more photovoltaic elements (PV) cover or cover the entire area or only a part of the area of the first portion of the carrier. Depending on the application, the PV element or the PV elements function in addition to the generation of electrical current, eg as a shading element (s) or as an element (s) for heat or sound insulation. If photovoltaics replaces another component of the building envelope, then, according to the German draft standard DIN VDE 0126-21, building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are used. This is the case with this invention when the PV elements are shading elements or Replace elements for heat or sound insulation. Due to the flexible design of the area covered with photovoltaic elements, the degree of shading can be set as desired.
  • the membrane construction component according to the invention may also have a gas passage to adjust, if necessary, the pressure in the limited by the outer layer and inner layer space by supply or discharge of gas.
  • the environmental conditions of the PV element in the membrane component in particular the temperature and humidity of the gas surrounding the PV element, can be optimized and kept relatively constant. This is important, for example, with regard to the efficiency and / or the durability of the PV element, since both properties can depend on the operating temperature and possibly also on the air humidity (water vapor diffusion), depending on the type of PV element used.
  • the conditioning of the internal volume of the membrane building component is effected, for example, by a defined gas exchange rate (in the case of air: air exchange rate) by drying the gas (e.g., air) flowing into the membrane building component by means of a drying apparatus which may be commercially available, or by cooling the incoming gas, e.g. closed gas circuit with integrated heat exchanger or integrated heat pump.
  • a defined gas exchange rate in the case of air: air exchange rate
  • the wiring of the photovoltaic element can be passed through the gas passage in the membrane component. In this way, additional passages in the inner or outer layer are avoided. Thus, on the one hand sealing problems on additional passages are avoided and the manufacturing costs of the membrane component are reduced.
  • the heat generated in the membrane component (A) or generated by the photovoltaic element (PV) for flushing edge profiles with hot gas.
  • it is favorable to reduce the snow load on the construction by deliberately melting the overlying snow and at the same time to eliminate the shading of the photovoltaic elements by the overlying snow and thus to increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
  • the outer layer on its side facing the photovoltaic element at least partially have an increased reflection, preferably to reflect back the reflected from the photovoltaic element solar radiation back to a photovoltaic element.
  • This effect can be reduced by the side of the outer layer (OL) facing the PV element being coated or vapor-deposited in such a way (for example with a metal vaporization) that this layer (OL) still transmits as much light as possible from outside to inside but also raises an increased proportion of the radiation reflected by the PV element on its inside back onto the PV element (semitransparent, highly reflective on the inside).
  • This effect can Gradually increase the PV element, so that the reduction in transmission through the outer layer (OL) can be partially compensated.
  • the membrane component according to the invention is suitable for installation in new or existing building parts, preferably roofs, facades or building envelopes.
  • the purpose of the present invention is the use of one or more inventive membrane components for the integration of photovoltaic elements for the production of electricity from solar energy.
  • membrane construction components in particular made of transparent plastic films, preferably of ETFE, with this invention, with appropriate retrofitting with a PV element or with multiple PV elements and with the necessary connections and components and possibly also with a hitherto non-existing central layer ( ML) or with several middle layers (ML1, ML2, ...), also be used to generate electrical current.
  • New buildings can be tailored to this system in terms of their orientation and geometry, which increases the effectiveness of the flexible PV elements.
  • the invention further relates to a method of attaching a middle layer to a membrane construction component comprising an outer layer in the form of a flexible sheet and an inner layer in the form of a flexible sheet, wherein at least one flexible photovoltaic element, which on or in at least one flexible support is part of the middle layer (ML, ML1, ML2) between the outer layer (OL) and the inner layer (IL), and wherein the at least one flexible carrier consists of a plurality of interconnectable portions and the method comprises the following steps: , Providing the middle layer (ML, ML1, ML2) by connecting second and third subregions of the flexible carrier to the edge region of a first subregion of the flexible carrier.
  • the method according to the invention has a number of advantages.
  • the second or third subarea of the flexible carrier which connects the first part of the carrier carrying the PV elements to the edge profile of the membrane component, can therefore have any desired length. Consequently, it is possible to determine the curvature of the PV element by the length variation of the second or third portion of the support, whereby the curvature can be adapted in the short term to the particular application.
  • single-layered film strips can be used for the second and third sub-areas of the carrier, which are welded at one end to the PV laminate and at the other end connect to the edge profile Assembly of the middle layer and simultaneously reduce the total weight of the membrane component.
  • the second and third subregions of the flexible carrier are connected to the edge region of the first subregion by thermal welding, wherein the heat input, which is introduced into the edge region of the first subregion to be welded, depends on the heat input is introduced into the second or third subregion of the carrier differs.
  • thermal welding it is customary to introduce an equivalent heat input into the two media to be welded.
  • a homogeneous, tear-resistant To produce a welded connection, it is necessary to adjust the heat input to the type and thickness of the medium to be spiked.
  • connection of the ends of the second and third sub-area with the frame profile by the formation of at least one membrane pocket, which is held in a holding profile.
  • Fig. La is a plan view of a PV element according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1b shows a section through a PV element according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. Lc is a plan view of a PV element and associated therewith
  • Fig. Ld is a section through a PV element and associated therewith
  • Film strip according to Fig. Lc a basic arrangement of one or more PV elements on one of the layers of the membrane component in the transverse direction; a basic arrangement of one or more PV elements on one of the layers of the membrane component in the longitudinal direction; a basic arrangement of one or more PV elements on one of the layers of the membrane component in asymmetric arrangement; shows the positions and curvatures of a PV element in a membrane construction component according to the prior art; shows the positions and curvatures of a PV element in a membrane construction component according to the prior art; shows the positions and curvatures of a PV element in a membrane component according to an embodiment of the invention; shows the positions and curvatures of a PV element in a membrane component according to an embodiment of the invention; an exploded view of a membrane component with applied PV elements;
  • Fig. 6 is a PV element on a downwardly curved central position
  • FIG. 8 shows a cross section through a membrane component according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 9 shows a cross section through an embodiment of an edge profile of a membrane component according to the invention with a flat central position
  • FIG. 11 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a
  • FIG. 1b shows a section through the PV laminate K, in which the solar modules, which include solar cells, are embedded in a laminate matrix (adhesion promoter), for example consisting of PE or EVA.
  • This laminate matrix is in turn laminated between two ETFE films, possibly of different thickness, which leads to the PV laminate K.
  • the resulting layer package of the PV laminate consists at its edges of an ETFE film or of two ETFE films, which can be connected to a layer or with a layer of the membrane component, for example by welding.
  • Resulting layer ML, ML1, ML2 can be connected to parts or circumferentially with other layers (OL, IL) to the membrane component, for example by welding, gluing or sewing.
  • the letter J describes the PV element
  • L is the laminate matrix (adhesion promoter)
  • N stands for preferably transparent laminating films, which may also be made of ETFE.
  • the edges of the PV laminate K may also be connected to thin film strips N '.
  • the carrier which forms the middle layer ML, ML1, ML2 consists of a plurality of individual, connectable portions I, II, III, wherein a first portion I of the carrier is adapted to receive the photovoltaic element 3 and second and third portions II, III of the carrier are adapted to connect the flexible carrier with the edge profile D of the membrane component.
  • the foil strips N 'according to the invention can advantageously also be made of ETFE foil, it being understood that it is also possible to use other plastics or even textiles for this purpose.
  • the thin film strips can be connected to the edge of the PV laminate K by a fixation such as gluing, welding, sewing, riveting, or screwing. However, it is particularly advantageous to produce the connection by welding, as described below with reference to FIG.
  • first portion I must be a PV laminate, but it is also conceivable that the photovoltaic element J by a fixation, such as bonding, welding, sewing, riveting, screwing or through Laying in pockets on the first portion I of the wearer is attached.
  • a fixation such as bonding, welding, sewing, riveting, screwing or through Laying in pockets on the first portion I of the wearer is attached.
  • the second and third subregions II, III according to the invention of the carrier are connected to the edge profile D of the membrane component, as shown in more detail in FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • a fixation such as gluing, welding, sewing, riveting, or screwing to the outer layer OL and / or the inner layer IL of the membrane component A.
  • the section shown in Figure ld by a center layer according to the invention serves to illustrate the method according to the invention for connecting the second and third portions II, III with the first portion I of the carrier.
  • the connection can advantageously take place by thermal welding, in which the edges of the first subregion I (PV laminate K) are inseparably joined to the film strips N 'of the second and third subregions II, III.
  • the PV laminate K has two layers of transparent laminating film N, preferably ETFE film, at its edge region.
  • the two layers of laminating film N which are already joined together by lamination are heat-sealed by means of a heating device H, to the film strips of the second or third sub-regions II, III.
  • the two layers of laminating film IM are many times thicker than the film strips N ', more heat is introduced into the laminating film N than in the film strips'. This is above all the fact that insufficient supply of heat in the thick layers of laminating film N would result in an insufficient connection and if too much heat was introduced into the thinner film strips N 'it could burn.
  • the film strips', the second or third portion II, III of the carrier to be welded to the top of the PV laminate K.
  • Figure 2a shows the basic arrangement of one or more PV elements on one of the layers of the membrane component: a) in the transverse direction, b) in the longitudinal direction and c) in an asymmetric arrangement.
  • the PV element does not have to cover the entire surface and does not have to be arranged centrally, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • Fig. 3 shows the possible positions and curvatures of a PV element in a membrane component.
  • the PV elements are applied at a distance from each other on or in the central position ML, which is curved upward.
  • the PV elements are applied side by side on or in the central position (ML), which is curved upward.
  • the PV elements are applied side by side on or in the inner layer (IL).
  • the PV elements can be arranged without or with a distance to each other.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exploded view of a membrane component with applied PV elements on an upwardly curved center layer ML1 or a downwardly curved center layer ML2.
  • the middle layer ML can also be stretched over sub-regions of the membrane component, so that the resulting openings for pressure equalization above and below the respective center layer ML lead.
  • the central layer ML is formed of a plurality of parallel, spaced-apart carriers (not shown). Accordingly, it is always possible to vary the amount of carriers, ie also the number of PV elements, and thus to adapt to the respective needs. Thus, for example, when constructing a roof structure made of membrane component for cost reasons, initially only individual support with PV elements between the outer layer OL and the inner layer IL could be used. If necessary, it would therefore be conceivable at a later date to equip the existing membrane component with further, parallel supports along the same central position. On the inner layer IL, possible areas for the air inlet and the air outlet are shown, which, however, can also be mounted on the outer layer OL.
  • FIG. 5 shows an isometric view of a membrane construction component with applied PV elements on an upwardly or downwardly curved center layer ML together with edge profile D, with which the fabrics of membrane construction component A can be held and connected to the substructure.
  • FIG. 6 shows a PV element on a downwardly curved center layer ML and a solar radiation path symbolized by arrows (here from top right to bottom left).
  • the reflection of the radiation (angle of incidence equal to the angle of reflection) is also indicated by arrows.
  • the inner side of the outer layer OL of the membrane component is metallized here, so that the radiation reflected by the PV element is reflected back to the PV element by the reflection of the metallized side of the outer layer OL.
  • Fig. 7 shows the principle of holding the membrane component A at its edge, called membrane pocket G.
  • the membrane pocket G shown as an example consists of an inserted Kederprofil E, for example a round cord of the elastomer EPDM, the fabrics C (here, for example, three films or two tissues and a foil) and the weld M, which joins together the sheets C (alternatively, for example, in the case of woven fabrics as a seam).
  • Such membrane pockets G are preferably drawn into retaining profiles F, which in turn are suspended in edge profiles D or fastened to these (compare FIGS. 9-11).
  • FIG. 8 shows a cross section through a membrane construction component A according to the invention, in particular with a plane-tensioned middle layer ML.
  • the illustrated center layer ML consists, as described with reference to FIG. 1 d, of a carrier which has a plurality of connectable partial regions I, II, III, which are welded together to form a central layer ML.
  • the middle layer can form, together with the outer layer OL and the inner layer IL, a common membrane pocket G which is connected to the edge profile D by a single retaining profile F.
  • the middle layer ML, the outer layer OL and the inner layer IL are each attached to an individual retaining profile F.
  • FIGS. 9-11 provide for attaching each of the layers OL, ML, IL to individual holding profiles F.
  • the edge profile D has a multiplicity of holding profiles in order to fix each layer separately on the edge profile D. Accordingly, it is possible for repair work on the membrane component A, each layer OL, ML, IL individually exchange. Also, it is conceivable with this embodiment, retrospectively, i. after installation of the membrane component, to be able to introduce further middle layers ML2, ML3 into it.
  • the edge profile D as shown in Figure 11, also serve to further spatially separate the outer layer OL of the central layer ML and the underlying inner layer IL. Accordingly, it is even easier possible to disassemble the outer layer OL individually, for example, to perform maintenance on the photovoltaic elements J.
  • the PV element supplies the DC elements or if the PV elements supply direct current, they are or are preferably connected to an inverter by means of electric cables, for example when alternating current is to be fed into an electric power grid.
  • Necessary electrical cables (PV power lines, cables for temperature and humidity sensors) in the membrane component can preferably be routed through the air outlet or through the air inlet.
  • the cables are preferably lead by cable passage through the hose or pipe wall, for example, to allow connection to the datalogger and inverter. Further solutions are possible, for example by means of direct cable bushing through the outer layer OL or through the inner layer IL of the membrane component.
  • Membrane component multilayer, consisting of fabrics PV element, consisting of:
  • PV laminate when the PV element is applied to a middle layer, i.e. the PV element becomes part of the middle layer, attachment e.g. by welding, sewing, etc.
  • C sheets e.g. consisting of coated or uncoated fabrics or foils (for example of the fluoropolymer material ET-FE (ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer)
  • ET-FE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
  • D edge profile e.g. made of aluminium
  • E welt profile e.g. formed as a round cord (for example made of the elastomer EPDM)
  • F edge strip e.g. made of aluminium
  • G pocket e.g. welded to the fabric (e.g., both of ETFE)
  • J solar module e.g. consisting of interconnected solar cells, substrate layer etc.
  • K PV laminate e.g. consisting of solar module, adhesion promoter (e.g.
  • EP or EVA matrix and two film layers (for example consisting of the material ETFE (ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene))
  • ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene
  • L laminate matrix (adhesion promoter), e.g. consisting of PE or EVA
  • N, N 'foil (s), transparent e.g., consisting of the material ETFE

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément membrane (A) comportant une couche externe (OL) sous forme de structure plane souple, une couche interne (IL) sous forme de structure plane souple et au moins un élément photovoltaïque souple (J) qui, étant disposé sur ou dans au moins un support souple, forme une couche intermédiaire (ML) entre la couche externe (OL) et la couche interne (IL). L'invention porte également sur un procédé de fixation d'une couche intermédiaire (ML) sur un élément membrane (A) selon l'invention.
PCT/EP2010/070273 2009-12-18 2010-12-20 Élément membrane WO2011073448A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202009017110U DE202009017110U1 (de) 2009-12-18 2009-12-18 Membranbaukomponente
DE202009017110.8 2009-12-18

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WO2011073448A2 true WO2011073448A2 (fr) 2011-06-23
WO2011073448A3 WO2011073448A3 (fr) 2012-05-03

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DE (1) DE202009017110U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011073448A2 (fr)

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NL2012003C2 (en) * 2013-12-20 2015-06-26 Haskoningdhv Nederland B V Building structure.
EP3703251A1 (fr) 2014-11-12 2020-09-02 Daw Se Module photovoltaïque pouvant être intégré dans un bâtiment
CH710397B1 (de) 2014-11-20 2018-10-31 S E Track Ag Solarmodulkonstruktion.
US10673373B2 (en) 2016-02-12 2020-06-02 Solarcity Corporation Building integrated photovoltaic roofing assemblies and associated systems and methods

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DE102004010653B4 (de) * 2004-02-29 2011-06-01 Schlemper, Klaus, Dr.-Ing. Hybrider Niedertemperatur-Solar-Kollektor in flexibler und selbstklebender Ausführung
GB0614253D0 (en) * 2006-07-18 2006-08-30 Solar Century Holdings Ltd Flexible solar roof
JP5003670B2 (ja) * 2007-12-27 2012-08-15 大成建設株式会社 建物の外被構造

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WO2011073448A3 (fr) 2012-05-03

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