WO2011068285A1 - Management system for an underground municipal gas facility - Google Patents
Management system for an underground municipal gas facility Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011068285A1 WO2011068285A1 PCT/KR2010/001510 KR2010001510W WO2011068285A1 WO 2011068285 A1 WO2011068285 A1 WO 2011068285A1 KR 2010001510 W KR2010001510 W KR 2010001510W WO 2011068285 A1 WO2011068285 A1 WO 2011068285A1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an underground city gas facility management system, and in particular, by constructing a sensor network in an underground city gas facility to enable real-time remote monitoring of the situation of an underground city gas facility, improving safety and streamlining maintenance and improving gas accidents. It is about underground city gas facility management system that prevents the accident and prevents gas accidents.
- RFID radio frequency identification
- USN ubiquitous sensor network
- RFID is an advanced form of automatic recognition system.
- Automatic recognition systems have developed into a focus of increasing data capacity and recognition distance from barcode systems to RFID systems by attaching identification information to objects and reading them by a reader.
- Bar code system is a binary code that has been used successfully for over 20 years, but it does not overcome the limitation of being recognized only by touch.
- OCR is highly readable because both humans and objects can identify it, Due to the complex reader problem, public use is not possible.
- smart cards with subsidiary computer capacity have been widely applied and applied in various fields, but they are vulnerable to wear, corrosion, and dirt.
- the RFID system is developed from smart cards. The recognition speed and distance are improved by improving directionality and wearability.
- the network connection and software platform between RFID systems are adopted to provide a foundation for medium / long distance communication.
- Fault tolerance Self-configuration allows information to be sent to the destination base station even if some sensor nodes stop working due to faults or errors
- Cost Network configuration with minimum cost while satisfying required function
- city gas facilities can be largely classified into piping, constant pressure, valves, T / B (test box), meter, and other, and the environmental factors for this facility are largely environmental, such as earthquake, ground subsidence It can be divided into management factors such as factor, electric method, pressure and gas leak.
- the city gas facility has introduced a remote monitoring system that measures the operating conditions of the main supply facilities and supply pressure of the pipe network, such as SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system, to perform data analysis, storage and monitoring functions. .
- SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides an underground city gas facility management system that can remotely monitor the situation of underground city gas facilities to prevent gas accidents in advance and to quickly cope with gas accidents. There is a purpose.
- the underground city gas facility management system of the present invention includes a sensor for outputting sensing data sensing the situation information of the underground city gas facility to the transmitter; A transmitter installed in an underground section and transmitting sensing data input from the sensor to a converter installed in a ground structure using a first protocol having a first frequency; A converter for converting the data transmitted from the transmitter into a second protocol having a second frequency and transmitting the data to a collector; And a collector for transmitting the data transmitted from the converter to a remote server.
- it may further comprise a repeater consisting of at least one or more hops to deliver data transmitted from the converter to the collector by relaying using the second protocol having the second frequency.
- the converter performs a repeater function that connects the ground (transmitter) and the ground (repeater and collector).
- the converter is intended to facilitate the communication between the ground / ground.
- the transmitter and the relay node were able to communicate over 80m in the 800MHz band, that is, the RF communication protocol. Therefore, it is preferable that the communication frequency band between the transmitter and the converter is 800 MHz or less, and the converter is installed on a ground structure (eg, a power pole or a roof of a building) located within 80m away from the underground city gas facility where the transmitter is installed.
- a ground structure eg, a power pole or a roof of a building
- Zigbee (Zigbee) of the short-range communication protocol can be self-configured, and the communication distance is longer than other short-range communication protocol (for example, Bluetooth), the underground city of the present invention It has been found to be most suitable for application to gas facility management systems. Therefore, it is preferable that the communication scheme between the converter, the repeater and the collector is Zigbee.
- the converter converts the frequency band of the signal received from the transmitter to a high frequency (eg, 424.7 MHz-> 2.4 GHz).
- a pressure regulator which is a device for stepping down or boosting the pressure of city gas is installed in various places around the road, and generally has a dedicated communication facility for communication with a remote server. Therefore, it is preferable that the collector is installed in the pressure regulator and communicates with the remote server using the communication facility of the pressure regulator.
- the present invention is to build a sensor network in the city gas facilities to monitor the situation of the city gas facilities in real time, to improve the safety and efficiency of maintenance to prevent gas accidents in advance and to respond quickly in the event of a gas accident. To provide.
- 1 is a photograph showing a test site for pressure monitoring.
- Figure 3 is a graph showing the results of the current intensity test.
- Figure 4 is a block diagram of an underground city gas facility management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a tree structure construction and data transmission process of a mesh network that can be applied to the present invention.
- Table 3 shows the range and characteristics of situational factors depending on the target facility.
- corrosion status may be affected by corrosion resistance, polarization potential, soil resistivity, and interference with other facilities (cross piping, indentation pipe), but it is a useful judgment factor for monitoring the corrosion of pipes due to the number of measurements, inspection and quantification. Is assumed to be anticorrosive.
- Communication methods that can be applied to city gas facilities can be classified into short-range and medium- and long-range.
- Near field communication includes RF communication, IEEE 802.15 based Bluetooth (802.15.1), UWB (802.15.3), Zigbee (802.15.4).
- RF communications require 10mW of power and currently have a maximum reach of 500m to 1Km.
- Zigbee is a near field communication operating at 868MHz, 902-928MHz and 2.4GHz, capable of data transmission at speeds up to 250Kbps and handling up to 255 peripherals.
- Zigbee's greatest advantage is its self-configurable mesh network configuration.
- Bluetooth is the industry standard for personal area networks (PANs). Bluetooth allows various devices to communicate with each other using radio frequencies at a safe and low cost. The response angle is wide, and even if there are obstacles in the transmission, it can be transmitted without any problem.
- a wireless local area network (WLAN) is currently used mainly as a communication network between a computer and a peripheral device, and communication is performed through an access point.
- Wibro Wireless Fidelity
- WiMax Code division multiple access
- CDMA code division multiple access
- 6LoPan 6LoPan
- Wimax is a long-range wireless communication that supports a wider access area and faster data transmission speed than existing WLAN technology, and it can provide 100Mbps broadband Internet access service in a large area of about 70km radius of a base station.
- Wibro is a word that refers to the mobile Internet, and it means a data transmission standard technology that is equipped with the most efficient structure for high-speed data transmission without considering voice service.
- Wibro's focus on interactive services centered on urban areas also makes it difficult to apply to industrial facilities.
- the sensor network that can be applied to the city gas facility includes a pressure monitoring sensor network for measuring pressure in a specific pressure section, a vibration / stress monitoring sensor network for monitoring stress / vibration of an exposed pipe, and a gas leak in a gas valve chamber. It can be classified into a gas valve chamber monitoring sensor network and a potential monitoring sensor network for monitoring the corrosion state of the buried pipe.
- the gas valve chamber was selected for the pressure monitoring sensor network. This is because it is considered as the most difficult point of communication in the pressure monitoring section.
- an environment in which a pressure regulator (generally equipped with a dedicated communication facility) exists in a radius of 1 km in the gas valve chamber was selected for pressure monitoring.
- near field communication is appropriate for such an environment.
- the communication between the equipment in the gas valve chamber and the equipment in the open area (exterior flat) and the short-range network configuration that enables communication between the devices in the open area should be considered in depth.
- the Applicant performed the performance / function experiment in the outdoor laboratory for Zigbee and Bluetooth method that can be configured Star or Mesh network. Specifically, the maximum communication distance between the devices in the open area was measured without installing the antenna, and then the transmitter and the maximum communication distance between the open area receivers were measured by installing a transmitter in the valve chamber (depth of 30 cm).
- the Zigbee module used for the test is Radio Pluse's LM2400 (Lime).
- the maximum output strength is + 8dbm and the minimum input strength is -98dbm. there was. At this time, no separate antenna was used.
- the Bluetooth module is SENA's ESD 110, which was also tested as a basic function. As a result, the maximum output strength was + 18dbm, the minimum input strength was -88dbm, and no separate antenna was used.
- 1 is a photograph showing a test site for pressure monitoring, the experiment was carried out in a number of such sites.
- Table 5 above shows the communication distance between the transmitter in the valve room and the receiver of the open area and the distance between the open and open areas when using the basic functions of each communication module.
- the accuracy of the data transfer is the same in both methods, and the transmission speed is not significant in the current pressure monitoring environment.
- Emphasis was placed on the communication distance and the possibility of a self-configuring network between nodes when there were multiple nodes.
- Zigbee communication technology is more suitable than Bluetooth environment in this pressure monitoring environment. The reason for this is that although the maximum output signal strength is about 10 times higher than that of Zigbee, it shows shorter transmission distance.
- Zigbee is a self-configurable network configuration among nodes such as multi-hop (mesh) communication, communication is performed from the valve room to the open area, and Zigbee communication is performed in the pressure monitoring environment where multiple nodes should be available. It is considered to be suitable.
- the method potential sensor network collects corrosion-related information from the data logger in buried pipelines, and then transmits data to a relay point, eg, a pressure regulator, in a near field communication via an antenna on the ground, and the CDMA of the collector (sink node) at the relay point.
- the communication method may be a method of transmitting data to a server in a medium / long distance.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an anticorrosive measurement environment. As shown in FIG. 2, when a rectifier generates an electric current through an anode to allow an anticorrosive current to flow in a buried pipe, the data logger of the test box (TB BOX) is a reference. Measure the potential between the electrode and the buried pipe. Applicant measured the maximum transmission distance and communication success rate by short range communication method in open area using Bluetooth Class 1 and 2, RF and dipole antenna and patch antenna.
- Bluetooth Class 1 has a frequency of 2.4 GHz, and the output is 63.095 mW (18 dbM).
- the product used for this test is ESD 100, with a recommended distance of about 300m.
- ESD 100 ESD 100
- communication was good up to about 1.12km when there is no obstacle on the straight line distance.
- the communication status was impossible when the building was an obstacle, and the communication success rate was about 50% when there were no obstacles such as trees or hills.
- the same test was performed using a dipole antenna, which showed 80% communication success rate for the patch antenna.
- Bluetooth Class 2 is a communication method that has a smaller output than Bluetooth Class 1.
- the frequency is the same but the output is 2.51mW, which is about 4dbM.
- the module used for the test is an ESD 200 product with a recommended communication distance of about 100m.
- the test was carried out in the same manner as Bluetooth Class 1, and the communication was good up to 100 ⁇ 200m in the straight distance, but the communication itself was not made when the distance was over 500m.
- the communication success rate is about 50% when there is no obstacle, and when the dipole antenna is used, the communication success rate is about 80% of the patch antenna.
- RF testing was performed using a Linkwiser 400 product.
- the output is 10mW and the frequency is 427MHz.
- the communication success distance is within 100m.
- the RF module showed a 50% improvement in communication success compared to the 2.4 GHz communication.
- the specifications of the equipment used for the Bluetooth and RF test are shown in Table 6, and the summary of the test results is shown in Table 7.
- the gas valve chamber monitoring sensor network measures the gas leakage, level and current in the gas valve chamber and sends status information to the server.
- a constant pressure may or may not be present depending on city gas company and environment.
- the present applicant has designed a configuration for transmitting data to the server system using a medium / long distance method in an environment in which the pressure regulator is not in a radius of 1 KM. Thirteen gas valve rooms in the Seoul city gas area that meets these circumstances were selected and tested using CDMA and WiBro which can be used for medium / long distance communication at this time.
- the gas valve chamber is sealed with a steel cover and a single cover and a double cover are used depending on the city gas company and the site, the gas valve chamber is classified into a steel cover enclosed, a single cover sealed, a double cover sealed, etc. Was analyzed.
- Figure 3 is a graph showing the results of the current intensity test. As shown in Figure 3, based on the CDMA minimum power strength of -130dbM as a reference, -55 in the full opening, and -67 when the cover in the seal is closed, the last time when the double cover is closed -77 The degree is shown. Theoretically, this shows that CDMA wireless communication is possible in a valve chamber buried underground, and considering that the depth of the valve chamber is about 2m, the possibility of communication is not a problem.
- the experiment was conducted using a real commercial network for full-scale mid / long-range communication experiments in the gas valve room monitoring environment.
- the equipment used for the test was a transmission / reception program, a CDMA modem and a Wibro terminal developed for the gas valve chamber monitoring environmental test.
- the test procedure confirmed the communication success rate by connecting two wireless modems to two laptops to control data transmission and reception, one experimental set to the valve chamber, and the other experimental set to transmit and receive data from the vehicle. WiBro also performed the experiment in the same way.
- the vibration / stress monitoring sensor network is applied to one of the major city gas facilities, special zones (bridges, exposed pipes for large-scale excavation works, etc.).
- the method may be a method of monitoring vibration (vehicle vibration, etc.) and transmitting each data directly to a final data collection device (sink node) or a server using a wireless communication method.
- Bridge pipes in special sections are always exposed to unexpected external loads due to their characteristics, and their safety is often determined by the status of suspended bridges.
- city gas pipes, water pipes, etc. which are installed in the corresponding construction section, are exposed for a long time.
- subway construction involves many harmful environments such as ground subsidence, damage during construction, and shock generation, and damages existing buried facilities network, or stops the supply of environmental pollution, electricity, gas, and water supply. There are also a number of cases that spread to three damages. Therefore, in order to reduce and prevent accidents and losses caused by gas piping and facilities, accurate diagnosis of city gas piping and supply facilities in large-scale excavation works (road infrastructure, infrastructure projects such as railroads, subway construction and extension works, etc.) Oversight is required. In order to acquire stress and vibration in the exposed piping, a stress sensor and a vibration sensor are required.
- a suitable sensor for measuring the stress on the gas pipe is a strain gauge. Strain gauges are generally general-purpose sensors used to measure mechanical strength (stress).
- the vibration / stress monitoring sensor network 120 is a special section that is usually the target, since it is located at 1km or more with the constant pressure, the medium / long distance method will be applied.
- the city gas facility may be short-range based communication when the location is close to the dedicated communication facility (constant pressure), otherwise the medium / long distance based communication may be applied.
- the classification reference distance is, for example, 1km, but this can be extended according to the cost reduction and technology improvement.
- Near-field communications require devices that can be self-organized and low power consumption in ground facilities and sectors.
- the purpose of self-configuration is to redirect data transmission paths to their destinations by rescanning adjacent nodes when a particular device is not operating.
- IEEE 802.15.4 mesh network method and star network method exist as a basis for the self-organization of transmission paths.
- Devices can be divided into full function devices (FFDs) and reduce function devices (RFDs), depending on their hardware capabilities.
- FFDs full function devices
- RFDs reduce function devices
- All the devices participating in the network are composed of FFDs that can act as the lower network coordinators. It is not relayed between other devices.
- the devices included in the network must find a way to use energy efficiently.
- the device When the device is running or an event occurs, the device may participate in the network in the wake-up mode, which is active and in the sleep mode, which is inactive. Can be managed.
- the wake-up mode When near field communication is applied to a city gas underground enclosed environmental facility, communication between the underground and the ground should be possible.
- the city gas pipeline is constructed along the road, the data transmitted wirelessly from the buried city gas facility in the vicinity of the road must be able to reach the upper part of the surrounding ground structure (building, power pole) and the like.
- the city gas valve box exists along the road, there is a ground structure within 80 meters of the straight line distance from the city gas valve box.
- Medium- and long-range based communication is currently the most popular and safe application of the method, and it should be possible to transmit situational information in both underground and ground. In addition, it should be able to transmit to the middleware server according to the policy or to the collector of the dedicated communication facility.
- the applicable transmission method for each target facility is as follows.
- ⁇ Feature Low power, ground (self-organizing, multi-hop network), underground (transfer confirmation over 80m in radius)
- Figure 4 is a block diagram of an underground city gas facility management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the underground city gas facility management system includes a sensor, a transmitter 100, a converter 200, a repeater 300, a collector 400, and a remote server 500. Can be.
- the transmitter 100 is installed in an underground city gas facility (eg, installed in a purge rod close to a gas valve), and wirelessly transmits various situation information of the underground city gas facility input from a gas pressure sensor or the like.
- an underground city gas facility eg, installed in a purge rod close to a gas valve
- Applicant conducted a test to transmit the measured pressure information to the ground in the underground environment proved to be the worst condition.
- the test used 2.4GHz Zigbee, Bluetooth, 800MHz CDMA and 424.7MHz frequency bands.
- the communication distance was short when the steel cover of the valve box was covered (see Table 5), but it was confirmed that the communication was possible over 80 m in the 800 MHz band or less.
- the transmitter 100 preferably transmits data in an 800 MHz band or less, for example, a 424.7 MHz frequency band, based on the underground closed environment test result.
- the transmitter 100 is operated in a normal mode and a test mode.
- normal mode data is sent from a pressure sensor.
- test mode is a mode for checking the state of a wireless network. In this mode, test specific data is transmitted.
- the transducer 200 is installed on the ground and relays radio communication between the transmitter and the collector.
- a ground structure for example, a power pole or a roof of a building, etc. located within 80 m at a straight line distance from an underground city gas facility where the transmitter 100 is installed.
- the converter 200 receives information transmitted from the transmitter 100 in the low frequency band (424.7 MHz), changes the information to the high frequency band (2.45 Hz), and retransmits the information. In other words, it participates in the mesh network of IEEE 802.15.4a and serves as a bridge connecting the transmitter using 424.7 MHz and the network using 2.4 GHz.
- the converter 200 requests that other relay nodes or collectors in the vicinity be added to the mesh network. In response to this request, the collector reconfigures the wireless network.
- the repeater 300 transmits data received from the converter 200 or another repeater to the collector 400 and supports the IEEE 802.15.4a wireless network.
- the device is installed in the required location by signal strength test according to distance measurement for smooth data transmission in the network.
- the repeater 300 also finds another repeater or repeater and requests it to be added to the mesh network.
- the collector 400 collects the situation information from the transmitter 100 and transmits the situation information to the remote server 500.
- it serves as the network coordinator of the highest level of the entire IEEE 802.15.4a network. It also controls the transmission and reception of data between remote servers and lower network devices and the mesh configuration.
- it is installed in the pressure regulator, and transmits data to the data converter 200 using a communication facility of the pressure regulator. It can be connected to remote server through various communication methods such as RS-232C and Ethernet (TCP / IP).
- TCP / IP Ethernet
- the mesh network configuration is checked and the mesh network is reconfigured.
- an auxiliary storage medium such as an SD card may be provided to store data.
- the basic MAC protocol of IEEE 802.15.4 may be applied.
- the collector since the collector is fixed as the final destination as the routing protocol, the tree routing scheme is modified and applied accordingly.
- an equal ratio sequence is applied, and accordingly, a layer is configured according to the signal strength strength (RSSI) and the number of n number of child nodes specified when the mesh network is generated. For example, when three child nodes are assigned to a parent node, the second level hierarchy (one hop) has three nodes, and the third level hierarchy (two hops) has nine nodes according to an equality equation.
- RSSI signal strength strength
- FIG. 5 illustrates a tree structure construction and data transmission process of a mesh network applicable to the present invention.
- a converter, a repeater, and a collector except a transmitter participate in the mesh network as shown in FIG. 4.
- the transmitter delivers data to the parent node in a unicast manner through the constructed tree, and finally transmits context information to the collector.
- Each node has information about its parent and child nodes, so there is no need to maintain complex path information for multi-hop routing.
- the collector can periodically check the bottom nodes to determine whether they are up and measuring the strength of the signal, recognizing the relay nodes as they rebuild the mesh and leave the network.
- the underground city gas facility management system of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and may be modified and implemented in various ways within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a management system for an underground municipal gas facility, and particularly, to a management system for an underground municipal gas facility, the system being configured with a sensor network in the underground municipal gas facility to enable the remote sensing of the conditions in the underground municipal gas facility in real time, thereby improving safety, rendering maintenance and management efficient, and preventing gas accidents from occurring and enabling a quick response in the event a gas accident does occur. The management system for an underground municipal gas facility of the present invention comprises: a sensor for outputting, to a transmitter, sensing data on sensed condition information of the underground municipal gas facility; said transmitter, which is installed in an underground area, for using a first protocol having a first frequency to transmit the sensing data input from the sensor to a converter installed in an above-ground structure; said converter for converting the data transmitted from the transmitter to a second protocol having a second frequency, and then transmitting the converted data to a collector; and said collector for transmitting the data transmitted from the converter to a remote server. Further, the management system may also comprise a repeater including at least one hop, for using the second protocol having the second frequency to relay and transfer the data transmitted from the converter to the collector.
Description
본 발명은 지하 도시가스 시설 관리 시스템에 관한 것으로, 특히 지하 도시가스 시설에 센서 네트워크를 구축하여 지하 도시가스 시설의 상황을 실시간 원격 감시할 수 있도록 함으로써, 안전성을 향상하고 유지 관리를 효율화하여 가스 사고를 미연에 방지하고 가스 사고 발생시 신속하게 대처할 수 있도록 한 지하 도시가스 시설 관리 시스템에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an underground city gas facility management system, and in particular, by constructing a sensor network in an underground city gas facility to enable real-time remote monitoring of the situation of an underground city gas facility, improving safety and streamlining maintenance and improving gas accidents. It is about underground city gas facility management system that prevents the accident and prevents gas accidents.
유비쿼터스 기술이 소개되면서, 다양한 매체를 통해 RFID(Radio frequency identification)와 USN(ubiquitous sensor network)이 소개되고 있다. RFID는 자동인식 시스템에서 발전한 형태이다. 자동인식 시스템은 사물에 식별정보를 부착하여 리더기에 의해 판독하는 방식으로, 바코드 시스템에서부터 RFID 시스템에 이르기까지 많은 데이터 용량과 인식거리 증가의 초점으로 발전해왔다. 바코드 시스템은 20여년 동안 성공적으로 사용된 이진 코드이지만 접촉에 의해서만 인식이 되는 한계성을 극복하지 못하고 있으며, 광학인식문자(OCR)는 사람과 사물이 모두 식별 가능하여 높은 판독 가능성을 가지고 있지만, 비용과 복잡한 리더기 문제로 인해 공용적 사용이 불가능하다. 최근 들어, 보조적 컴퓨터 용량을 가진 스마트 카드가 보급되어 다양한 분야에서 적용되고 있지만 표면(wear), 부식(corrosion), 먼지(dirt)에 취약한 측면을 보이고 있다. RFID 시스템은 스마트 카드에서 발전한 것으로, 방향성과 마모성이 개선되어 인식속도와 거리가 향상되었으며 RFID 시스템 간의 네트워크 연결 및 소프트웨어 플랫폼이 채택되어 중/장거리 통신을 위한 토대를 제공하였다.With the introduction of ubiquitous technology, radio frequency identification (RFID) and ubiquitous sensor network (USN) are introduced through various media. RFID is an advanced form of automatic recognition system. Automatic recognition systems have developed into a focus of increasing data capacity and recognition distance from barcode systems to RFID systems by attaching identification information to objects and reading them by a reader. Bar code system is a binary code that has been used successfully for over 20 years, but it does not overcome the limitation of being recognized only by touch.OCR is highly readable because both humans and objects can identify it, Due to the complex reader problem, public use is not possible. Recently, smart cards with subsidiary computer capacity have been widely applied and applied in various fields, but they are vulnerable to wear, corrosion, and dirt. The RFID system is developed from smart cards. The recognition speed and distance are improved by improving directionality and wearability. The network connection and software platform between RFID systems are adopted to provide a foundation for medium / long distance communication.
모든 사물에 컴퓨터 기능과 네트워크 기능을 부여하여 환경과 상황의 자동인지를 통해 인간에게 최적의 기능을 제공을 목적으로 하는 USN은 정보자원계층, BCN 백본 계층, 미들웨어계층, 응용 서비스 계층으로 분류될 수 있으며, 정보자원계층은 대상 시설에서 상황 인자를 측정하는 센서 노드와, 센서 노드로부터 정보를 수집하여 서버로 전달하는 베이스 스테이션(수집기)로 구성될 수 있다. 정보자원계층에서 사용되는 기기는 하드웨어에서 저전력 소모기술, 융통성(flexible) 있는 I/O, 소형화, 소프트웨어에서 자원 효율성, 재사용성, ad-hoc 네트워크 지원, 병목현상 지양 등의 핵심요구사항이 존재한다. 또한, 기기간의 네트워크 형성을 위해서는 다음과 같은 설계 기준이 필요하다.USN, which aims to provide optimal functions to humans through automatic recognition of environment and situation by providing computer and network functions to all things, can be classified into information resource layer, BCN backbone layer, middleware layer, and application service layer. The information resource layer may include a sensor node measuring a situation factor in a target facility, and a base station (collector) that collects information from the sensor node and delivers the information to the server. Devices used in the information resource layer have key requirements such as low power consumption technology in hardware, flexible I / O, miniaturization, resource efficiency in software, reusability, ad-hoc network support, and bottleneck avoidance. . In addition, the following design criteria are required to form a network between devices.
-기능성(functionality): 정확한 기능의 보장과 다른 이벤트에 의한 side-effect 최소화Functionality: ensuring correct functionality and minimizing side effects from other events
-확장성(scalability): 센서 노드 증가/감소에 상관없이 기능과 성능유지Scalability: maintains functionality and performance regardless of sensor node growth / decrease
-결함허용성(falut tolerance): 일부 센서 노드가 결함이나 오류에 의해 동작을 중지하더라도 자가구성(self-configuration)에 의해 목적 베이스 스테이션에 정보 전달 가능Fault tolerance: Self-configuration allows information to be sent to the destination base station even if some sensor nodes stop working due to faults or errors
-비용(cost): 요구된 기능을 만족하면서 최소 비용이 소요되는 네트워크 구성Cost: Network configuration with minimum cost while satisfying required function
산업 시설에 적용된 국/내외 사례는 다음 표 1과 같다.Domestic and foreign cases applied to industrial facilities are shown in Table 1 below.
[표 1]TABLE 1
한편, 도시가스 시설(설비)은 크게, 배관, 정압기, 밸브, T/B(테스트박스), 계량기 및 기타로 분류할 수 있으며, 이 시설에 대한 상황 인자는 크게, 지진, 지반 침하 등 환경적 인자와 전기방식, 압력, 가스누출 등 관리적 인자로 구분할 수 있다. 현재, 이와 같은 도시가스 시설에는 SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) 시스템 등과 같이 주요 공급 설비의 동작 상태 및 배관망의 공급 압력을 계측하는 원격 감시 시스템이 도입되어 데이터 분석 및 보관, 감시 기능이 수행되고 있다.On the other hand, city gas facilities (equipment) can be largely classified into piping, constant pressure, valves, T / B (test box), meter, and other, and the environmental factors for this facility are largely environmental, such as earthquake, ground subsidence It can be divided into management factors such as factor, electric method, pressure and gas leak. At present, the city gas facility has introduced a remote monitoring system that measures the operating conditions of the main supply facilities and supply pressure of the pipe network, such as SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system, to perform data analysis, storage and monitoring functions. .
그러나, 대규모 굴착 공사 현장, 특수구간에 설치된 시설 등 위해 환경에 노출된 도시가스 시설에 대한 원격 감시 및 제어/통제 기능을 가진 시스템은 부족한 실정이며, 무선 중심의 유비쿼터스 기술을 적용하여 서비스를 제공하는 시스템은 거의 없는 실정이다. 특히, 지하 도시가스 시설 즉, 매설배관, 가스밸브실 등은 지하폐쇄환경이라는 악조건 때문에, 통신 적용이 어려워 그동안 사람에 의한 수동적 관리로만 이루어지고 있는 실정이었다.However, systems that have remote monitoring and control / control functions for city gas facilities exposed to the environment for large-scale excavation work sites, facilities installed in special sections, and the like are insufficient and provide services by applying wireless-centric ubiquitous technology. There are very few systems. In particular, underground city gas facilities, i.e. buried piping, gas valve rooms, etc., due to the bad condition of the underground closure environment, communication is difficult to apply to the situation has been made only by manual management by people.
본 발명은 전술한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 안출된 것으로서, 지하 도시가스 시설의 상황을 원격 감시하여 가스 사고를 미연에 방지하고 가스 사고 발생시 신속하게 대처할 수 있도록 한 지하 도시가스 시설 관리 시스템을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides an underground city gas facility management system that can remotely monitor the situation of underground city gas facilities to prevent gas accidents in advance and to quickly cope with gas accidents. There is a purpose.
전술한 목적을 달성하기 위해 본 발명의 지하 도시가스 시설 관리 시스템은 지하 도시가스 시설의 상황 정보를 감지한 센싱데이터를 전송기로 출력하는 센서; 지하구간에 설치되어, 상기 센서로부터 입력된 센싱 데이터를 제 1 주파수를 가지는 제 1 프로토콜을 이용하여 지상 구조물에 설치된 변환기로 전송하는 전송기; 상기 전송기로부터 전송된 데이터를 제 2 주파수를 가지는 제 2 프로토콜로 변환한 후 수집기로 전송하는 변환기; 및 상기 변환기로부터 전송된 데이터를 원격서버로 전송하는 수집기를 포함하여 이루어진다. 또한, 상기 변환기로부터 전송된 데이터를 상기 제2 주파수를 가지는 상기 제2 프로토콜을 이용하여 중계함으로써 수집기로 전달하는 적어도 하나 이상의 홉으로 이루어진 중계기를 더 포함하여 이루어질 수 있다.In order to achieve the above object, the underground city gas facility management system of the present invention includes a sensor for outputting sensing data sensing the situation information of the underground city gas facility to the transmitter; A transmitter installed in an underground section and transmitting sensing data input from the sensor to a converter installed in a ground structure using a first protocol having a first frequency; A converter for converting the data transmitted from the transmitter into a second protocol having a second frequency and transmitting the data to a collector; And a collector for transmitting the data transmitted from the converter to a remote server. In addition, it may further comprise a repeater consisting of at least one or more hops to deliver data transmitted from the converter to the collector by relaying using the second protocol having the second frequency.
구체적으로, 변환기는 지중(전송기)과 지상(중계기 및 수집기)을 연결하는 리피터(repeater) 기능을 수행하는 것이다. 즉, 변환기는 지중/지상 간 통신이 원활하게 이루어질 수 있도록 하기 위함이다.Specifically, the converter performs a repeater function that connects the ground (transmitter) and the ground (repeater and collector). In other words, the converter is intended to facilitate the communication between the ground / ground.
본 출원인이 시험해 본 바에 따르면,800MHz 대역 이하 즉, RF 통신 프로토콜에서는 전송기와 중계 노드가 80m 이상에서도 통신이 가능하였다. 따라서, 전송기와 변환기 간의 통신 주파수 대역은 800MHz 이하인 것이 바람직하며, 변환기는 전송기가 설치되어 있는 지하 도시가스 시설에서 직선 거리로 80m 이내에 위치한 지상 구조물(예, 전봇대나 건물 옥상 등)에 설치되는 것이 바람직하다.According to the applicant's test, the transmitter and the relay node were able to communicate over 80m in the 800MHz band, that is, the RF communication protocol. Therefore, it is preferable that the communication frequency band between the transmitter and the converter is 800 MHz or less, and the converter is installed on a ground structure (eg, a power pole or a roof of a building) located within 80m away from the underground city gas facility where the transmitter is installed. Do.
또한, 본 출원인이 시험해 본 바에 따르면, 근거리 통신 프로토콜 중 지그비(Zigbee)가 자가 구성이 가능하다는 점 그리고 타 근거리 통신 프로토콜(예, 블루투스)에 비해 통신 거리가 길다는 점에서, 본 발명의 지하 도시가스 시설 관리 시스템에 적용하기에 가장 적합한 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서, 변환기, 중계기 및 수집기들 간의 통신 방식은 지그비인 것임이 바람직하다.In addition, according to the present applicant's testing, Zigbee (Zigbee) of the short-range communication protocol can be self-configured, and the communication distance is longer than other short-range communication protocol (for example, Bluetooth), the underground city of the present invention It has been found to be most suitable for application to gas facility management systems. Therefore, it is preferable that the communication scheme between the converter, the repeater and the collector is Zigbee.
또한, 변환기, 중계기 및 수집기들 간의 통신 방식이 2.4GHz 지그비가 적용된다고 한다면, 변환기는 전송기로부터 수신한 신호의 주파수 대역을 높게 변환(예컨대, 424.7MHz->2.4GHz)하는 것이 바람직하다.In addition, if the communication method between the converter, repeater and collector is 2.4GHz ZigBee is applied, it is preferable that the converter converts the frequency band of the signal received from the transmitter to a high frequency (eg, 424.7 MHz-> 2.4 GHz).
한편, 도시가스의 압력을 강압 또는 승압하는 장치인 정압기는 도로 주변 곳곳에 설치되어 있고, 일반적으로 원격 서버와의 통신을 위해 전용 통신 시설을 갖추고 있다. 따라서, 수집기는 정압기에 설치되고, 정압기의 통신 시설을 이용하여 원격 서버와 통신하는 것이 바람직하다.On the other hand, a pressure regulator which is a device for stepping down or boosting the pressure of city gas is installed in various places around the road, and generally has a dedicated communication facility for communication with a remote server. Therefore, it is preferable that the collector is installed in the pressure regulator and communicates with the remote server using the communication facility of the pressure regulator.
이상으로, 본 발명은 도시가스 시설에 센서 네트워크를 구축하여 도시가스 시설의 상황을 실시간 감시함으로써, 안전성을 향상하고 유지 관리를 효율화하여 가스 사고를 미연에 방지하고 가스 사고 발생시 신속하게 대처할 수 있는 효과를 제공한다.As described above, the present invention is to build a sensor network in the city gas facilities to monitor the situation of the city gas facilities in real time, to improve the safety and efficiency of maintenance to prevent gas accidents in advance and to respond quickly in the event of a gas accident. To provide.
도 1은 압력 감시를 위한 시험 현장을 보인 사진이다.1 is a photograph showing a test site for pressure monitoring.
도 2는 방식전위 측정 환경을 도시한 것이다.2 shows an anticorrosive measurement environment.
도 3은 전류강도치 실험 결과를 보인 그래프이다.Figure 3 is a graph showing the results of the current intensity test.
도 4는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 지하 도시가스 시설 관리 시스템의 구성도이다.Figure 4 is a block diagram of an underground city gas facility management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
도 5는 본 발명에 적용될 수 있는 매쉬 네트워크의 트리구조 구축 및 데이터 전송 과정을 보인 것이다.5 illustrates a tree structure construction and data transmission process of a mesh network that can be applied to the present invention.
*** 도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명 ****** Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawing ***
100: 전송기100: transmitter
200: 변환기200: converter
300: 중계기300: repeater
400: 수집기400: collector
500: 원격 서버500: remote server
이하에는 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 따라 지하 도시가스 시설 관리 시스템에 대해서 상세하게 설명한다.Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail for the underground city gas facility management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
본 발명은 우선적으로 관리 시급한 매설배관, 노출배관, 특정 압력감시구간 및 가스밸브실 등을 대상으로 하지만, 다음 표 2는 중요한 도시가스 시설의 환경특성과 감시 가능한 상황 인자를 보여준다.Although the present invention primarily deals with urgent buried pipes, exposed pipes, specific pressure monitoring sections and gas valve rooms, the following Table 2 shows the environmental characteristics and monitorable situation factors of important city gas facilities.
[표 2]TABLE 2
다음 표 3은 대상 시설에 따른 상황 인자 범위와 특성을 보여 준다. 특히, 부식 상태는 방식전위, 분극전위, 토양비저항, 타시설 간섭(교차배관, 압입관) 등이 영향을 줄 수 있으나 측정 회수, 지검 및 정량화 등의 이유로 배관의 부식 정도를 감시하는 유용한 판단 요소는 방식전위로 사료된다.Table 3 below shows the range and characteristics of situational factors depending on the target facility. In particular, corrosion status may be affected by corrosion resistance, polarization potential, soil resistivity, and interference with other facilities (cross piping, indentation pipe), but it is a useful judgment factor for monitoring the corrosion of pipes due to the number of measurements, inspection and quantification. Is assumed to be anticorrosive.
[표 3]TABLE 3
상황 정보를 전송하기 위해서는 매우 다양한 방법이 존재한다. 도시가스시설에 적용될 수 있는 통신방식은 근거리와 중/장거리 방식으로 분류될 수 있다.There are many different ways to send context information. Communication methods that can be applied to city gas facilities can be classified into short-range and medium- and long-range.
근거리 통신은 RF 통신을 비롯하여, IEEE 802.15 기반의 블루투스(802.15.1), UWB(802.15.3), Zigbee(802.15.4) 방식이 존재한다. RF 통신은 소요전력이 10mW이며 현재 알려진 최대 도달거리는 500m에서 1Km이다. Zigbee는 868MHz, 902-928MHz, 2.4GHz에서 동작하는 근거리 통신으로, 최고 250Kbps의 속도로 데이터 전송을 하고 최대 255개의 주변장치를 다룰 수 있다. Zigbee의 최대 장점은 자가구성(self-configuration)이 가능한 매쉬 네트워크 구성 가능하다는 점이다. 블루투스는 PANs(personal area networks)의 산업표준이다. 블루투스는 다양한 기기들이 안전하고 저렴한 비용으로 라디오 주파수를 이용해 서로 통신할 수 있게 한다. 대응 각도가 넓고 전송 시 장애물이 있어도 문제없이 전송 가능하다. UWB는 1950년대 미국 국방부가 군사적 목적으로 개발되어 오랫동안 상업적 이용이 금지되어온 방식이다. 기존 무선랜에 비해 속도와 전력 소모 등에서 현저히 우월하기 때문에 기기 간의 대용량 멀티미디어 전송에 매우 유용하다. WLAN (wireless local area network)은 현재 컴퓨터와 주변 장치 간 통신 네트워크로 주로 사용되며, 중계장치(access point)를 경유하여 통신이 이루어진다.Near field communication includes RF communication, IEEE 802.15 based Bluetooth (802.15.1), UWB (802.15.3), Zigbee (802.15.4). RF communications require 10mW of power and currently have a maximum reach of 500m to 1Km. Zigbee is a near field communication operating at 868MHz, 902-928MHz and 2.4GHz, capable of data transmission at speeds up to 250Kbps and handling up to 255 peripherals. Zigbee's greatest advantage is its self-configurable mesh network configuration. Bluetooth is the industry standard for personal area networks (PANs). Bluetooth allows various devices to communicate with each other using radio frequencies at a safe and low cost. The response angle is wide, and even if there are obstacles in the transmission, it can be transmitted without any problem. UWB was developed by the US Department of Defense for military purposes in the 1950s and has long been banned from commercial use. Since it is remarkably superior in speed and power consumption compared to the existing WLAN, it is very useful for mass multimedia transmission between devices. A wireless local area network (WLAN) is currently used mainly as a communication network between a computer and a peripheral device, and communication is performed through an access point.
중/장거리 방식은 Wibro, WiMax, CDMA(code division multiple access)방식이 있으며 이외에도 6LoPan 등과 같은 방법이 존재한다. CDMA는 현재 전 세계적으로 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 디지털 이동통신 기술이다. CDMA는 전국적으로 통신이 된다는 이점이 존재하나, 소비 전원이 크고 비용이 고가인 단점이 존재한다. Wimax는 기존 무선랜 기술보다 더욱 넓은 접속지역과 더 빠른 데이터 전송속도를 지원하는 장거리 무선통신으로, 기지국 반경 약 70킬로미터의 넓은 지역에 100Mbps 속도의 광대역 인터넷 접속 서비스가 제공 가능하다. Wibro는 휴대인터넷을 지칭하는 단어로서, 음성서비스를 고려하지 않고 고속데이터 전송에 가장 효율적인 구조를 탑재한 데이터 전송 표준기술을 의미한다. 그러나 Wibro는 도심지역을 위주로 interactive 서비스에 초점을 두었기 때문에 현재 산업 시설에 적용하기는 어렵다는 단점도 존재한다.Medium / long range methods include Wibro, WiMax, code division multiple access (CDMA), and 6LoPan. CDMA is currently the most widely used digital mobile communication technology in the world. CDMA has the advantage of being communicated nationwide, but there are disadvantages of high power consumption and high cost. Wimax is a long-range wireless communication that supports a wider access area and faster data transmission speed than existing WLAN technology, and it can provide 100Mbps broadband Internet access service in a large area of about 70km radius of a base station. Wibro is a word that refers to the mobile Internet, and it means a data transmission standard technology that is equipped with the most efficient structure for high-speed data transmission without considering voice service. However, Wibro's focus on interactive services centered on urban areas also makes it difficult to apply to industrial facilities.
이상으로, 검토된 통신방식들을 도시가스 시설에 적용하기 위한 현장 특징을 고려해보면, 다음 표 4와 같다.In view of the above, the characteristics of the site for applying the examined communication methods to the city gas facilities are shown in Table 4 below.
[표 4]TABLE 4
한편, 도시가스 시설에 적용될 수 있는 센서 네트워크는 특정 압력 구간에서 압력을 측정하는 압력 감시 센서 네트워크, 노출 배관의 응력/진동을 감시하는 진동/응력 감시 센서 네트워크, 가스밸브실의 가스 누출 등을 감시하는 가스밸브실 감시 센서 네트워크 및 매설 배관의 부식 상태를 감시하는 방식전위 감시 센서 네트워크로 분류될 수 있다.On the other hand, the sensor network that can be applied to the city gas facility includes a pressure monitoring sensor network for measuring pressure in a specific pressure section, a vibration / stress monitoring sensor network for monitoring stress / vibration of an exposed pipe, and a gas leak in a gas valve chamber. It can be classified into a gas valve chamber monitoring sensor network and a potential monitoring sensor network for monitoring the corrosion state of the buried pipe.
압력 감시 센서 네트워크의 적용 대상은 다양한 압력구간 중, 우선적으로 가스밸브실이 선정되었다. 이는 압력감시구간 중에서 가장 통신적용이 어려운 지점으로 고려되기 때문이다. 또한, 가스밸브실에서 반경 1KM에 정압기(일반적으로, 전용통신시설을 갖추고 있음)가 존재하는 환경을 압력 감시를 위한 대상으로 선정하였다. 그 결과, 이러한 환경에는 근거리 통신이 적절한 것으로 사료되었다. 특히, 가스밸브실은 콘크리트와 철제뚜껑으로 감싸졌기 때문에, 가스밸브실 내의 기기와 개활지(외부 평지)의 기기 간의 통신과 개활지에서 기기 간의 통신이 가능한 근거리 네트워크 구성이 심도 있게 고려되어야 한다. 이를 위해, 본 출원인은 Star 혹은 Mesh 네트워크 구성이 가능한 Zigbee와 블루투스 방식에 대해 야외실험장에서 성능/기능 실험을 수행하였다. 구체적으로, 안테나를 설치하지 않고 개활지에서 기기 간의 최대 통신 거리를 측정하였고, 다음으로 밸브실 내(심도 30cm) 발신부를 설치하여 개활지 수신부 간의 통신 가능 여부와 최대 통신거리를 측정하였다. 테스트에 사용한 Zigbee 모듈은 Radio Pluse사의 LM2400(Lime)으로, 이 기기에서 제공하는 기본 기능을 이용하여 실험을 수행한 결과, 최대 출력 강도세기는 +8dbm이며, 최소입력강도세기는 -98dbm임을 알 수 있었다. 이때, 별도의 안테나는 사용하지 않았다. 블루투스 모듈은 SENA사의 ESD 110으로, 이 모듈 역시 기본 기능으로 실험을 수행한 결과, 최대 출력 강도세기는 +18dbm이며, 최소 입력 강도세기는 -88dbm이고 또한, 별도의 안테나는 사용하지 않았다. 도 1은 압력 감시를 위한 시험 현장을 보인 사진인바, 이와 같은 현장에서 실험이 다수에 걸쳐 진행되었다.Among the various pressure ranges, the gas valve chamber was selected for the pressure monitoring sensor network. This is because it is considered as the most difficult point of communication in the pressure monitoring section. In addition, an environment in which a pressure regulator (generally equipped with a dedicated communication facility) exists in a radius of 1 km in the gas valve chamber was selected for pressure monitoring. As a result, it is considered that near field communication is appropriate for such an environment. In particular, since the gas valve chamber is covered with concrete and steel lids, the communication between the equipment in the gas valve chamber and the equipment in the open area (exterior flat) and the short-range network configuration that enables communication between the devices in the open area should be considered in depth. To this end, the Applicant performed the performance / function experiment in the outdoor laboratory for Zigbee and Bluetooth method that can be configured Star or Mesh network. Specifically, the maximum communication distance between the devices in the open area was measured without installing the antenna, and then the transmitter and the maximum communication distance between the open area receivers were measured by installing a transmitter in the valve chamber (depth of 30 cm). The Zigbee module used for the test is Radio Pluse's LM2400 (Lime). As a result of experiments using the basic functions provided by this device, the maximum output strength is + 8dbm and the minimum input strength is -98dbm. there was. At this time, no separate antenna was used. The Bluetooth module is SENA's ESD 110, which was also tested as a basic function. As a result, the maximum output strength was + 18dbm, the minimum input strength was -88dbm, and no separate antenna was used. 1 is a photograph showing a test site for pressure monitoring, the experiment was carried out in a number of such sites.
[표 5]TABLE 5
위 표 5는 각 통신방식의 모듈의 기본 기능을 이용했을 때 밸브실 내의 송신부와 개활지의 수신부 간의 통신 거리와 개활지와 개활지 간의 통신 거리를 보여준다. 데이터 전달 정확성은 두 방식 모두 동일하고, 전송속도는 현 압력감시 환경에서는 크게 의미를 두지 않는다. 통신 거리와 다수의 노드가 존재하였을 시 노드 간에 자가 구성이 가능한 네트워크가 구성되는지에 중점을 두었다. 그 결과, 본 압력감시 환경에서는 Zigbee 통신기술이 블루투스 환경보다 더 적합함을 확인하였다. 그 이유로는 최대 출력 신호강도세기가 블루투스가 Zigbee에 비해 약 10배 높음에도 불구하고 더 짧은 전송거리를 보였다. 한편, 최소입력강도세기 측면으로 비교할 때도 그 절대값이 Zigbee가 크기 때문에 블루투스보다 미약한 신호 강도에도 통신이 될 수 있음을 보이고 있다. 네트워크 구성에서도 Zigbee가 multi-hop(mesh) 방식 등 노드 간에 자가구성이 가능한 네트워크 구성이 구축되기 때문에 밸브실내에서 개활지까지 통신이 수행되고, 다수의 노드를 이용 가능해야 하는 압력감시환경에서는 Zigbee 통신이 적합함으로 사료된다.Table 5 above shows the communication distance between the transmitter in the valve room and the receiver of the open area and the distance between the open and open areas when using the basic functions of each communication module. The accuracy of the data transfer is the same in both methods, and the transmission speed is not significant in the current pressure monitoring environment. Emphasis was placed on the communication distance and the possibility of a self-configuring network between nodes when there were multiple nodes. As a result, it was confirmed that Zigbee communication technology is more suitable than Bluetooth environment in this pressure monitoring environment. The reason for this is that although the maximum output signal strength is about 10 times higher than that of Zigbee, it shows shorter transmission distance. On the other hand, even when comparing in terms of minimum input strength, the absolute value of Zigbee is large, which shows that communication can be performed even at weaker signal strength than Bluetooth. In the network configuration, since Zigbee is a self-configurable network configuration among nodes such as multi-hop (mesh) communication, communication is performed from the valve room to the open area, and Zigbee communication is performed in the pressure monitoring environment where multiple nodes should be available. It is considered to be suitable.
방식전위 감시 센서 네트워크는 매설배관에서 데이터로거를 부식관련 정보를 수집한 후, 지상에 있는 안테나를 통해 근거리 통신방식으로 중계 지점 예컨대, 정압기까지 데이터를 전송하며 중계지점의 수집기(싱크 노드)의 CDMA 통신 방식을 이용하여 중/장거리로 데이터를 서버에 전송하는 방식이 될 수 있다. 도 2는 방식전위 측정 환경을 도시한 것인바, 도 2에 도시한 바와 같이 정류기는 전류를 Anode를 통해 생성하여 매설배관에 방식전류가 흐르도록 하면, 테스트박스(TB BOX)의 데이터 로거는 기준전극과 매설배관 사이의 전위를 측정한다. 본 출원인은 블루투스 클래스 1과 2, RF 및 다이폴 안테나와 패치 안테나를 이용하여, 개활지에서 근거리 통신방식 별 최대 전송거리와 통신 성공률을 측정하였다.The method potential sensor network collects corrosion-related information from the data logger in buried pipelines, and then transmits data to a relay point, eg, a pressure regulator, in a near field communication via an antenna on the ground, and the CDMA of the collector (sink node) at the relay point. The communication method may be a method of transmitting data to a server in a medium / long distance. FIG. 2 illustrates an anticorrosive measurement environment. As shown in FIG. 2, when a rectifier generates an electric current through an anode to allow an anticorrosive current to flow in a buried pipe, the data logger of the test box (TB BOX) is a reference. Measure the potential between the electrode and the buried pipe. Applicant measured the maximum transmission distance and communication success rate by short range communication method in open area using Bluetooth Class 1 and 2, RF and dipole antenna and patch antenna.
구체적으로, 블루투스 클래스 1은 2.4GHz의 주파수를 가지며, 출력은 63.095mW(18dbM)이다. 이 시험을 위해 사용된 제품은 ESD 100으로, 스펙상 권장거리는 약 300m이다. 패치 안테나를 이용하였을 경우, 안테나의 방향에 따라서 감도의 변화가 발생하므로 약간의 지향성이 있음을 확인하였고, 직선거리상에 장애물이 없는 경우 약 1.12Km까지 통신이 양호하였다. 건물이 장애물로 있을 경우 통신상태는 불가였으며, 나무나 언덕과 같은 장애물이 있는 경우는 장애물이 없는 경우의 약 50% 정도의 통신성공률을 보였다. 다이폴 안테나를 이용해서 동일한 시험을 수행한 결과, 패치 안테나의 80% 통신 성공률을 보였다.Specifically, Bluetooth Class 1 has a frequency of 2.4 GHz, and the output is 63.095 mW (18 dbM). The product used for this test is ESD 100, with a recommended distance of about 300m. In the case of using the patch antenna, it was confirmed that there is a slight directivity because a change in sensitivity occurs depending on the direction of the antenna, communication was good up to about 1.12km when there is no obstacle on the straight line distance. The communication status was impossible when the building was an obstacle, and the communication success rate was about 50% when there were no obstacles such as trees or hills. The same test was performed using a dipole antenna, which showed 80% communication success rate for the patch antenna.
블루투스 클래스 2는 블루투스 클래스 1보다 작은 출력을 가지는 통신방법으로, 사용 주파수는 동일하지만 출력은 2.51mW로 약 4dbM이다. 시험에 사용한 모듈은 ESD 200 제품으로, 약 100m의 통신 권장 거리를 가지고 있다. 블루투스 클래스 1과 동일한 방법으로 시험을 수행하였고, 직선거리에서는 100~200m 정도까지 통신이 양호하였지만 500m 이상 거리가 떨어지면 통신 자체가 이루어지지 않았다. 장애물이 있는 경우에는 장애물이 없는 경우의 약 50% 정도 통신 성공률을 보였고, 다이폴 안테나를 이용하였을 때 패치형 안테나의 80%의 통신 성공률을 보였다. Bluetooth Class 2 is a communication method that has a smaller output than Bluetooth Class 1. The frequency is the same but the output is 2.51mW, which is about 4dbM. The module used for the test is an ESD 200 product with a recommended communication distance of about 100m. The test was carried out in the same manner as Bluetooth Class 1, and the communication was good up to 100 ~ 200m in the straight distance, but the communication itself was not made when the distance was over 500m. When there is an obstacle, the communication success rate is about 50% when there is no obstacle, and when the dipole antenna is used, the communication success rate is about 80% of the patch antenna.
RF 시험은 Linkwiser 400이란 제품을 이용하여 시험을 수행하였다. 출력은 10mW이며 주파수는 427MHz이다. 장애물이 없는 직선거리에서 통신성공 거리는 100m 이내이며 300m이상 떨어지면 통신이 되지 않았다. RF 모듈 사이에 건물과 같은 장애물이 있을 시 블루투스 경우에는 통신이 불가하였으나, RF 모듈은 2.4GHz 통신대비 50%의 통신 성공 향상을 보였다. 블루투스와 RF 시험에 사용된 장비의 사양은 다음 표 6과 같고, 실험 결과 요약은 다음 표 7과 같다.RF testing was performed using a Linkwiser 400 product. The output is 10mW and the frequency is 427MHz. In the straight distance without obstacles, the communication success distance is within 100m. When there is an obstacle such as a building between the RF modules, communication was not possible with Bluetooth, but the RF module showed a 50% improvement in communication success compared to the 2.4 GHz communication. The specifications of the equipment used for the Bluetooth and RF test are shown in Table 6, and the summary of the test results is shown in Table 7.
[표 6]TABLE 6
[표 7]TABLE 7
가스밸브실 감시 센서 네트워크는 가스 밸브실 내의 가스 누출량, 수위 및 전류를 측정하여 서버에 상황 정보를 전송한다. 밸브실 인근에는 정압기가 도시가스사와 환경에 따라 존재할 수도 있고 없을 수도 있다. 본 출원인은 정압기가 1KM 반경에 없는 환경에서 중/장거리 방식을 이용하여 서버 시스템으로 데이터를 전송하는 구성을 설계하였다. 이러한 환경에 부합하는 서울도시가스 권역의 13개소 가스밸브실 선정하여 현 시점에서 중/장거리 통신방식으로 사용가능한 CDMA와 와이브로를 이용하여 시험을 수행하였다. 또한, 가스밸브실은 철제 덮개로 입구가 봉쇄되어 있고 도시가스사와 현장에 따라 단독 덮개 및 이중 덮개를 사용하기 때문에, 이를 고려하여 철제 덮개 계폐, 단독 덮개 밀폐 및 2중 덮개 밀페 등으로 분류하여 통신성공률을 분석하였다.The gas valve chamber monitoring sensor network measures the gas leakage, level and current in the gas valve chamber and sends status information to the server. In the vicinity of the valve chamber, a constant pressure may or may not be present depending on city gas company and environment. The present applicant has designed a configuration for transmitting data to the server system using a medium / long distance method in an environment in which the pressure regulator is not in a radius of 1 KM. Thirteen gas valve rooms in the Seoul city gas area that meets these circumstances were selected and tested using CDMA and WiBro which can be used for medium / long distance communication at this time. In addition, since the gas valve chamber is sealed with a steel cover and a single cover and a double cover are used depending on the city gas company and the site, the gas valve chamber is classified into a steel cover enclosed, a single cover sealed, a double cover sealed, etc. Was analyzed.
우선적으로, 밸브실 내에서 외부로 중/장거리 통신 가능한지를 분석하기 위해 밸브실 내부에 CDMA 방식의 송신기를 장착하고, 스펙트럼 분석기를 이용하여 전류 강도치를 조사하였다. 도 3은 전류강도치 실험 결과를 보인 그래프이다. 도 3에 도시한 바와 같이, CDMA 최소전력 강도인 -130dbM을 기준으로 볼 때, 완전개폐에서 -55, 그리고 철개 속 덮개를 밀폐 했을 때 -67정도 마지막으로, 2중 덮개를 밀폐 했을 때가 -77 정도를 나타내고 있다. 이는 이론적으로, CDMA 무선통신이 지하에 매설된 밸브실에서 가능하다는 결론을 보여주고 있으며, 밸브실의 깊이가 2m 정도인 점을 고려할 때 통신 가능성에 대한 부분은 문제가 되지 않음을 알 수 있다.First of all, in order to analyze whether medium / long distance communication is possible from the inside of the valve chamber, a CDMA transmitter was installed inside the valve chamber, and the current intensity value was investigated using a spectrum analyzer. Figure 3 is a graph showing the results of the current intensity test. As shown in Figure 3, based on the CDMA minimum power strength of -130dbM as a reference, -55 in the full opening, and -67 when the cover in the seal is closed, the last time when the double cover is closed -77 The degree is shown. Theoretically, this shows that CDMA wireless communication is possible in a valve chamber buried underground, and considering that the depth of the valve chamber is about 2m, the possibility of communication is not a problem.
가스밸브실 감시 환경에서 본격적인 중/장거리 통신 실험을 위하여 실제 상용망을 이용하여 실험을 수행하였으며, 장소는 서울도시가스 권역 내에서 통신 난 지역 및 최 외곽지역 13개소를 선정하였다. 시험에 사용된 장비는 가스밸브실 감시 환경시험을 위해 개발된 송/수신 프로그램, CDMA 모뎀, Wibro 단말기 등을 사용하였다. 시험 절차는 두 대의 무선 모뎀을 데이터 송수신 제어를 위해 두 대의 노트북에 연결하고 한 실험세트는 밸브실에, 다른 실험 세트는 차량에서 서로 데이터를 송/수신하여 통신성공률을 확인하였다. 와이브로 역시 동일한 방법으로 실험을 수행하였다.The experiment was conducted using a real commercial network for full-scale mid / long-range communication experiments in the gas valve room monitoring environment. The equipment used for the test was a transmission / reception program, a CDMA modem and a Wibro terminal developed for the gas valve chamber monitoring environmental test. The test procedure confirmed the communication success rate by connecting two wireless modems to two laptops to control data transmission and reception, one experimental set to the valve chamber, and the other experimental set to transmit and receive data from the vehicle. WiBro also performed the experiment in the same way.
13개소에서 중/장거리 통신시험을 수행한 결과, CDMA 방식은 대형 외곽 철개 덮개와 체결형 철제 속 덮개를 사용하고 있는 덕이동문 밸브실에서 바닥에 송신부를 설치했을 때를 제외하고는 모든 지역과 송신부 위치에서 통신상태가 양호함을 보였다. 덕이동문 밸브실은 다른 지역 밸브실에 비해 심도가 깊어 통신상태가 양호하지 않은 것으로 사료되나, 본 환경에서 상황인자(가스누출, 수위, 방식전류 측정)의 특성에 의거하여 설치되는 위치는 바닥이 아니라, 밸브실의 중간지점이나 상단이 될 것이므로 통신에 따른 문제점은 없다고 하겠다. 와이브로 방식은 서울 도심밀집지역에서 통신이 가능하였고 그 외 지역에서는 Wibro 상용망 확산이 되지 않아 통신이 불가하였다.As a result of conducting medium / long distance communication tests at 13 locations, CDMA method has all areas and transmitters except when the transmitter is installed at the bottom in the Duckdong door valve room that uses a large outer cover and fastening steel cover. The communication was good at the location. Due to the deeper depth than other valve chambers, Deok-dong door valve chambers are considered to have poor communication.However, in this environment, the installation location is not based on the characteristics of the situation factors (gas leakage, water level, anticorrosive current measurement). Therefore, there will be no problem with communication since it will be the middle point or the top of the valve chamber. The WiBro method was able to communicate in the central Seoul area, and the communication was not possible because the Wibro commercial network did not spread elsewhere.
진동/응력 감시 센서 네트워크는 주요한 도시가스 시설중 하나인 특수구간(교량 배관, 대규모 굴착 공사 노출 배관 등)에 적용하여 현장에서 사용자가 미처 인지하지 못한 자연현상(지반침하, 이동 등)이나 인위적 타격, 진동(차량진동 등)에 대한 모니터링을 수행하고, 각 데이터를 무선통신방법을 이용해 최종 데이터 수집장치(싱크 노드) 또는 서버로 직접 전송하는 방식이 될 수 있다. 특수구간 중 교량배관은 그 특성상 항상 예측하지 못한 외부 하중에 노출되어 있으며, 매달려있는 교량의 상태에 따라 그 안전성이 결정되는 경우도 허다하다. 특히, 지하철 공사가 수행되는 지역의 경우에는 해당 공사구간 내에 설치되어있는 도시가스배관, 상수도배관 등은 장기간 노출되어 있다. 따라서, 지하철 공사는 지반침하, 공사 중의 손상, 충격유발 등 많은 위해 환경을 수반하고 있으며, 기존의 매설된 시설망에 손상을 입히거나, 환경오염, 전기, 가스, 상수의 공급중단 및 제2, 제3의 피해로 확산되는 사례를 다수 발생시키기도 한다. 따라서, 가스배관 및 시설물에 의한 사고 및 손실을 줄이고 방지하기 위해서는 대규모 굴착공사(도로, 철도 등의 사회기반시설 사업, 지하철 신설 및 연장공사 등) 구간에서의 도시가스 배관 및 공급시설에 대한 정확한 진단과 상태 감시가 필요하다. 노출배관에서 응력 및 진동을 습득하기 위해서는 응력센서와 진동센서가 필요하다. 여기서, 가스배관에 작용하는 응력을 측정하기 위해 적합한 센서는 스트레인 게이지다. 스트레인 게이지는 일반적으로 기계적 강도(응력)을 측정하기 위해 사용되는 범용 센서이다. 한편, 진동/응력 감시 센서 네트워크(120)는 그 대상이 되는 특수 구간이 보통, 정압기와는 1km 이상에 위치하므로, 중/장거리 방식이 적용될 것이다.The vibration / stress monitoring sensor network is applied to one of the major city gas facilities, special zones (bridges, exposed pipes for large-scale excavation works, etc.). For example, the method may be a method of monitoring vibration (vehicle vibration, etc.) and transmitting each data directly to a final data collection device (sink node) or a server using a wireless communication method. Bridge pipes in special sections are always exposed to unexpected external loads due to their characteristics, and their safety is often determined by the status of suspended bridges. In particular, in the area where subway construction is carried out, city gas pipes, water pipes, etc., which are installed in the corresponding construction section, are exposed for a long time. Accordingly, subway construction involves many harmful environments such as ground subsidence, damage during construction, and shock generation, and damages existing buried facilities network, or stops the supply of environmental pollution, electricity, gas, and water supply. There are also a number of cases that spread to three damages. Therefore, in order to reduce and prevent accidents and losses caused by gas piping and facilities, accurate diagnosis of city gas piping and supply facilities in large-scale excavation works (road infrastructure, infrastructure projects such as railroads, subway construction and extension works, etc.) Oversight is required. In order to acquire stress and vibration in the exposed piping, a stress sensor and a vibration sensor are required. Here, a suitable sensor for measuring the stress on the gas pipe is a strain gauge. Strain gauges are generally general-purpose sensors used to measure mechanical strength (stress). On the other hand, the vibration / stress monitoring sensor network 120 is a special section that is usually the target, since it is located at 1km or more with the constant pressure, the medium / long distance method will be applied.
이상으로, 도시가스 시설은 위치적으로 전용통신시설(정압기)에 근접한 경우에는 근거리 기반 통신이 적용 가능하고, 그렇지 않은 경우에는 중/장거리 기반 통신이 적용될 수 있다. 여기서, 분류 기준 거리는 예컨대, 1km로 하였으나, 이는 비용 감소와 기술 개선에 따라 확장 가능하다.As described above, the city gas facility may be short-range based communication when the location is close to the dedicated communication facility (constant pressure), otherwise the medium / long distance based communication may be applied. Here, the classification reference distance is, for example, 1km, but this can be extended according to the cost reduction and technology improvement.
근거리 기반 통신은 지상시설 및 구간에서 자가구성(sefl-organization)이 가능하고 저전력이 소모되는 기기가 필요하다. 자가구성의 목적은 특정 기기가 동작되지 않을 때 인접노드 재탐색을 통해서 데이터 전송 경로를 재설정하여 목적지에 전달하는 것이다. 전송경로의 자가구성을 위해 토대가 되는 방식으로 IEEE 802.15.4의 mesh 네트워크 방식과 star 네트워크 방식이 존재한다. 기기는 하드웨어적 능력에 따라 FFD(full function device)와 RFD(Reduce Function device) 등으로 나뉠 수 있다. mesh 방식에서는 네트워크 참여하는 모든 기기가 하부 네트워크 조정 역할이 가능한 FFD로 구성되어 있어 상호 간에 중계 및 자체 조율이 가능하지만, star 방식은 모든 기기가 FFD로 되어 있지 않아 특정 기기가 데이터가 집중되고 네트워크 안의 다른 기기 간에는 중계되지 않는다. 네트워크에 포함되는 기기는 효율적으로 에너지를 사용할 수 있는 방법이 강구되어야 한다. 구동중이거나 이벤트가 발생되었을 때는 활성화(active) 상태인 wake-up 모드와 비활성화(deactive) 상태인 sleep 모드로 기기가 네트워크에 참여될 수도 있으며, 에너지 보존 및 생성 등의 방법으로 기기의 에너지가 효율적으로 관리될 수 있다. 도시가스 지하폐쇄 환경 시설에 근거리 통신을 적용할 경우에는 지하/지상 간 통신이 가능해야 한다. 특히, 도시가스 배관이 도로를 따라 구성되어 있으므로 도로 근접지역에 존재하는, 매설된 도시가스 시설에서 무선 전송된 데이터는 주변 지상 구조물(건물, 전봇대) 등의 상층 부분까지 도달될 수 있어야 한다. 보통, 도시가스 밸브박스는 도로를 따라 존재하기 때문에, 도시가스 밸브박스에서 직선 거리로 80m 이내에는 지상 구조물이 존재한다.Near-field communications require devices that can be self-organized and low power consumption in ground facilities and sectors. The purpose of self-configuration is to redirect data transmission paths to their destinations by rescanning adjacent nodes when a particular device is not operating. IEEE 802.15.4 mesh network method and star network method exist as a basis for the self-organization of transmission paths. Devices can be divided into full function devices (FFDs) and reduce function devices (RFDs), depending on their hardware capabilities. In the mesh method, all the devices participating in the network are composed of FFDs that can act as the lower network coordinators. It is not relayed between other devices. The devices included in the network must find a way to use energy efficiently. When the device is running or an event occurs, the device may participate in the network in the wake-up mode, which is active and in the sleep mode, which is inactive. Can be managed. When near field communication is applied to a city gas underground enclosed environmental facility, communication between the underground and the ground should be possible. In particular, since the city gas pipeline is constructed along the road, the data transmitted wirelessly from the buried city gas facility in the vicinity of the road must be able to reach the upper part of the surrounding ground structure (building, power pole) and the like. Normally, since the city gas valve box exists along the road, there is a ground structure within 80 meters of the straight line distance from the city gas valve box.
중/장거리 기반 통신은 현재 가장 대중적으로 사용되고 안전성 있는 방식 적용을 권장하며 지하폐쇄환경 및 지상에서 상황정보 전송이 모두 가능해야 한다. 또한, 정책에 따라 미들웨어 서버에 전송하거나 전용통신 시설의 수집기에 전송 가능해야 한다.Medium- and long-range based communication is currently the most popular and safe application of the method, and it should be possible to transmit situational information in both underground and ground. In addition, it should be able to transmit to the middleware server according to the policy or to the collector of the dedicated communication facility.
결과적으로, 대상 시설별 적용 가능한 전송방식은 다음과 같다.As a result, the applicable transmission method for each target facility is as follows.
- 특수 압력 구간(예, 가스밸브실) (압력)-Special pressure section (eg gas valve chamber) (pressure)
ㆍ적용방식: 근거리 통신, 전용통신시설이 반경 1km 이내ㆍ Application Method: Near field communication, dedicated communication facility within 1km radius
ㆍ특 징: 저전력, 지상(자가구성, 멀티홉 네트워크), 지하(반경 80m이상 전송확인)ㆍ Feature: Low power, ground (self-organizing, multi-hop network), underground (transfer confirmation over 80m in radius)
- 가스밸브실 (가스누출, 수위, 전류)-Gas valve chamber (gas leak, water level, current)
ㆍ적용방식: 중/장거리 통신, 전용통신시설이 반경 1km 이상ㆍ Application Method: Medium / Long Distance Communication, Dedicated Communication Facility with Radius 1km or more
ㆍ특 징: 저전력(sleep 모드, 수집모드, 통신 모드), 목적에 따라 기기 부착위치 조절ㆍ Feature: Low power (sleep mode, acquisition mode, communication mode), adjust device attachment position according to purpose
- 매설배관(방식전위)-Buried piping (anticorrosive potential)
ㆍ적용방식: 중/장거리 통신, 근거리 통신, 전용통신시설이 반경 1km 이상/이내ㆍ Application Method: Medium / Long Distance Communication, Short-range Communication, Dedicated Communication Facility within 1km / within radius
ㆍ특 징: 밸브 및 가스밸브실 특징과 동일ㆍ Feature: Same as valve and gas valve chamber
- 타공사 노출배관 (진동, 응력)-Exposed piping for other construction (vibration, stress)
ㆍ적용방식: 중/장거리 통신, 전용통신시설이 반경 1km 이상ㆍ Application Method: Medium / Long Distance Communication, Dedicated Communication Facility over 1km radius
ㆍ특 징: 저전력 모드 필요 없음(전기사용)ㆍ Feature: No need for low power mode (electricity)
도 4는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 지하 도시가스 시설 관리 시스템의 구성도이다.Figure 4 is a block diagram of an underground city gas facility management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
도 4에 도시한 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 지하 도시가스 시설 관리 시스템은 센서, 전송기(100), 변환기(200), 중계기(300), 수집기(400) 및 원격 서버(500)를 포함하여 이루어질 수 있다.As shown in FIG. 4, the underground city gas facility management system according to the present invention includes a sensor, a transmitter 100, a converter 200, a repeater 300, a collector 400, and a remote server 500. Can be.
전송기(100)는 지하 도시 가스 시설에 설치(예컨대, 가스밸브에 근접한 퍼지봉 등에 설치됨)되는 것으로서, 가스 압력센서 등으로부터 입력된 지하 도시가스 시설의 각종 상황 정보를 무선 전송한다.The transmitter 100 is installed in an underground city gas facility (eg, installed in a purge rod close to a gas valve), and wirelessly transmits various situation information of the underground city gas facility input from a gas pressure sensor or the like.
본 출원인은 최악의 조건이라 판명된 지하 환경에서 측정된 압력정보를 지상으로 전송하는 시험을 수행하였다. 시험에는 2.4GHz Zigbee, 블루투스, 800MHz CDMA, 424.7MHz 주파수 대역이 사용되었으며 일반적으로, 주파수 대역폭이 높을수록 최대전송거리가 감소하고, 주파수 대역폭이 낮을수록 전송거리가 향상되었다. 구체적으로, 2.4GHz 대역인 경우 밸브 박스의 철제 덮개가 덮힌 상태에서는 통신 거리가 짧았지만(표 5 참조), 800MHz 대역 이하에서는 80m 이상 통신 가능하다는 사실이 확인되었다.Applicant conducted a test to transmit the measured pressure information to the ground in the underground environment proved to be the worst condition. The test used 2.4GHz Zigbee, Bluetooth, 800MHz CDMA and 424.7MHz frequency bands. In general, the higher the frequency bandwidth, the lower the maximum transmission distance, and the lower the frequency bandwidth, the better the transmission distance. Specifically, in the case of the 2.4 GHz band, the communication distance was short when the steel cover of the valve box was covered (see Table 5), but it was confirmed that the communication was possible over 80 m in the 800 MHz band or less.
이미 언급한 바대로, 일반적으로 도시가스 배관은 도로를 따라 구성되는데, 도로에서 직선 거리로 80m 이내에는 지상 구조물이 존재한다. 따라서, 전송기(100)는 상기 지하폐쇄환경 실험 결과에 의거하여, 800MHz 대역 이하 예컨대, 424.7MHz 주파수 대역으로 데이터를 전송하는 것이 바람직하다.As already mentioned, city gas pipelines are generally constructed along roads, with ground structures within 80 meters of the road. Therefore, the transmitter 100 preferably transmits data in an 800 MHz band or less, for example, a 424.7 MHz frequency band, based on the underground closed environment test result.
또한, 전송기(100)는 일반모드와 테스트모드로 동작된다. 일반모드는 압력센서 등으로부터 데이터를 받아 전송하는 모드이다. 전원을 키면 기본적으로 일반모드로 설정된다. 테스트 모드는 무선 네트워크의 상태를 점검하기 위한 모드이다. 이 모드에서는 시험용 특정 데이터를 전송한다.In addition, the transmitter 100 is operated in a normal mode and a test mode. In normal mode, data is sent from a pressure sensor. When the power is turned on, it is set to normal mode by default. The test mode is a mode for checking the state of a wireless network. In this mode, test specific data is transmitted.
변환기(200)는 지상에 설치되는 것으로서, 전송기와 수집기 간의 무선 통신을 중계한다. 특히, 전송기(100)가 설치되어 있는 지하 도시가스 시설에서 직선 거리로 80m 이내에 위치한 지상 구조물(예, 전봇대나 건물 옥상 등)에 설치되는 것이 바람직하다.The transducer 200 is installed on the ground and relays radio communication between the transmitter and the collector. In particular, it is preferable to be installed in a ground structure (for example, a power pole or a roof of a building, etc.) located within 80 m at a straight line distance from an underground city gas facility where the transmitter 100 is installed.
구체적으로, 변환기(200)는 전송기(100)에서 저주파 대역(424.7MHz)으로 송신한 정보를 수신하여 고주파 대역(2.45Hz)으로 변경하여 정보를 재전송한다. 즉, IEEE 802.15.4a의 매쉬 네트워크에 참여하여 424.7MHz를 사용하는 전송기와 2.4GHz를 사용하는 네트워크를 연결해주는 브릿지 역할을 한다. 최초 전원 인가시, 변환기(200)는 주변의 다른 중계 노드나 수집기를 찾아 매쉬 네트워크에 추가해 줄 것을 요청한다. 이러한 요청에 따라 수집기는 무선 네트워크를 재구성한다.In detail, the converter 200 receives information transmitted from the transmitter 100 in the low frequency band (424.7 MHz), changes the information to the high frequency band (2.45 Hz), and retransmits the information. In other words, it participates in the mesh network of IEEE 802.15.4a and serves as a bridge connecting the transmitter using 424.7 MHz and the network using 2.4 GHz. Upon initial power up, the converter 200 requests that other relay nodes or collectors in the vicinity be added to the mesh network. In response to this request, the collector reconfigures the wireless network.
중계기(300)는 변환기(200) 또는 다른 중계기로부터 전송받은 데이터를 수집기(400)로 전송하는 것으로, IEEE 802.15.4a 무선 네트워크를 지원한다. 이 장치는 네트워크에서 원활한 데이터 전송을 위해 거리 측정에 따른 신호 세기 시험에 의하여 필요 위치에 설치된다. 중계기(300) 역시 다른 리피터(중계기) 혹은 수집기를 찾아 매쉬 네트워크에 추가해 줄 것을 요청한다.The repeater 300 transmits data received from the converter 200 or another repeater to the collector 400 and supports the IEEE 802.15.4a wireless network. The device is installed in the required location by signal strength test according to distance measurement for smooth data transmission in the network. The repeater 300 also finds another repeater or repeater and requests it to be added to the mesh network.
수집기(400)는 전송기(100)로부터 상황 정보를 수집하여 원격 서버(500)로 전송한다. 즉, IEEE 802.15.4a 전체 네트워크 중 최고 상위 단의 네트워크 코디네이터 역할을 수행한다. 또한, 원격 서버와 하위 네트워크 장치들 사이에서 데이터의 송수신을 제어하며 매쉬 구성을 제어한다. 또한, 정압기에 설치되고, 정압기의 통신 시설을 이용하여 데이터 변환기(200)로 데이터를 전송한다. 원격 서버와는 RS-232C, Ethernet(TCP/IP) 등 다양한 통신 방법으로 연결 가능하다. 최초 전원 인가시, 매쉬 네트워크 구성을 검사하고, 매쉬 네트워크를 재구성한다. 또한, SD 카드 등 보조 저장 매체를 구비하여 데이터를 저장할 수도 있다.The collector 400 collects the situation information from the transmitter 100 and transmits the situation information to the remote server 500. In other words, it serves as the network coordinator of the highest level of the entire IEEE 802.15.4a network. It also controls the transmission and reception of data between remote servers and lower network devices and the mesh configuration. In addition, it is installed in the pressure regulator, and transmits data to the data converter 200 using a communication facility of the pressure regulator. It can be connected to remote server through various communication methods such as RS-232C and Ethernet (TCP / IP). At initial power up, the mesh network configuration is checked and the mesh network is reconfigured. In addition, an auxiliary storage medium such as an SD card may be provided to store data.
본 발명에 따른 매쉬 네트워크의 MAC 프로토콜로는 IEEE 802.15.4의 기본 MAC 프로토콜이 적용될 수 있다. 한편, 라우팅 프로토콜로는 수집기가 최종 목적지로 고정되어 있기 때문에, tree 라우팅 기법이 적절하게 수정되어 적용되었다. 구체적으로, 본 발명의 라우팅 기법은 등비수열이 적용되는바, 이에 따라 매쉬 네트워크 생성시 신호강도세기(RSSI)와 지정된 n개의 자식노드 수에 따라 계층이 구성된다. 예를 들어, 부모노드에 자식노드가 3개로 지정되었을 때, 2단계 계층(1홉)은 3개의 노드들이 있으며, 3단계 계층(2홉)은 등비수열 수식에 따라 9개의 노드들이 존재한다.As the MAC protocol of the mesh network according to the present invention, the basic MAC protocol of IEEE 802.15.4 may be applied. On the other hand, since the collector is fixed as the final destination as the routing protocol, the tree routing scheme is modified and applied accordingly. Specifically, in the routing scheme of the present invention, an equal ratio sequence is applied, and accordingly, a layer is configured according to the signal strength strength (RSSI) and the number of n number of child nodes specified when the mesh network is generated. For example, when three child nodes are assigned to a parent node, the second level hierarchy (one hop) has three nodes, and the third level hierarchy (two hops) has nine nodes according to an equality equation.
도 5는 본 발명에 적용될 수 있는 매쉬 네트워크의 트리구조 구축 및 데이터 전송 과정을 보인 것인바, 전송기를 제외한 변환기, 중계기 및 수집기가 도 4에 도시한 바와 같은 매쉬 네트워크에 참여한다.FIG. 5 illustrates a tree structure construction and data transmission process of a mesh network applicable to the present invention. A converter, a repeater, and a collector except a transmitter participate in the mesh network as shown in FIG. 4.
도 5에 도시한 바와 같이, 트리 라우팅 구조가 완성된 후 전송기는 데이터를, 구축된 트리를 통해 유니캐스트 방식으로 부모 노드에게 전달하고 최종적으로 수집기에게 상황 정보를 전송한다. 각각의 노드는 부모노드와 자식노드들에 대한 정보를 가지고 있으므로, 멀티 홉 라우팅을 위해 복잡한 패스 정보를 유지할 필요는 없다. 수집기는 주기적으로 하부노드들을 체크하여 가동 여부 및 신호강도세기 측정으로, 매쉬 재구축 및 네트워크에서 이탈되는 중계 노드들을 인지할 수 있다.As shown in Fig. 5, after the tree routing structure is completed, the transmitter delivers data to the parent node in a unicast manner through the constructed tree, and finally transmits context information to the collector. Each node has information about its parent and child nodes, so there is no need to maintain complex path information for multi-hop routing. The collector can periodically check the bottom nodes to determine whether they are up and measuring the strength of the signal, recognizing the relay nodes as they rebuild the mesh and leave the network.
본 발명의 지하 도시가스 시설 관리 시스템은 전술한 실시 예에 국한되지 않고 본 발명의 기술 사상이 허용하는 범위에서 다양하게 변형하여 실시할 수가 있다.The underground city gas facility management system of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and may be modified and implemented in various ways within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.
Claims (4)
- 지하 도시가스 시설의 상황 정보를 감지한 센싱데이터를 전송기로 출력하는 센서;A sensor for outputting sensing data sensing the situation information of the underground city gas facility to the transmitter;지하구간에 설치되어, 상기 센서로부터 입력된 센싱 데이터를 제 1 주파수를 가지는 제 1 프로토콜을 이용하여 지상 구조물에 설치된 변환기로 전송하는 전송기;A transmitter installed in an underground section and transmitting sensing data input from the sensor to a converter installed in a ground structure using a first protocol having a first frequency;상기 전송기로부터 전송된 데이터를 제 2 주파수를 가지는 제 2 프로토콜로 변환한 후 수집기로 전송하는 변환기;A converter for converting the data transmitted from the transmitter into a second protocol having a second frequency and transmitting the data to a collector;상기 변환기로부터 전송된 데이터를 원격서버로 전송하는 수집기;A collector for transmitting the data transmitted from the converter to a remote server;를 포함하여 이루어진 도시가스 시설 관리 시스템.City gas facility management system comprising a.
- 지하 도시가스 시설의 상황 정보를 감지한 센싱데이터를 전송기로 출력하는 센서;A sensor for outputting sensing data sensing the situation information of the underground city gas facility to the transmitter;지하구간에 설치되어, 상기 센서로부터 입력된 센싱 데이터를 제 1 주파수를 가지는 제 1 프로토콜을 이용하여 지상 구조물에 설치된 변환기로 전송하는 전송기;A transmitter installed in an underground section and transmitting sensing data input from the sensor to a converter installed in a ground structure using a first protocol having a first frequency;상기 전송기로부터 전송된 데이터를 제 2 주파수를 가지는 제 2 프로토콜로 변환한 후 중계기로 전송하는 변환기;A converter for converting the data transmitted from the transmitter into a second protocol having a second frequency and transmitting the data to a repeater;상기 변환기로부터 전송된 데이터를 상기 제2 주파수를 가지는 상기 제2 프로토콜을 이용하여 중계함으로써 수집기로 전달하는 적어도 하나 이상의 홉으로 이루어진 중계기;A repeater comprising at least one hop to deliver data transmitted from the converter to a collector by relaying using the second protocol having the second frequency;상기 중계기로부터 전송된 데이터를 원격서버로 전송하는 수집기;A collector for transmitting the data transmitted from the repeater to a remote server;를 포함하여 이루어진 도시가스 시설 관리 시스템City gas facility management system, including
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,The method according to claim 1 or 2,상기 제1 주파수는 상기 제2 주파수보다 작은 값을 가지고,The first frequency has a value smaller than the second frequency,상기 제1 프로토콜은 RF 통신 프로토콜이며,The first protocol is an RF communication protocol,상기 제2 프로토콜은 근거리 네트워크 프로토콜인 것임을 특징으로 하는 도시가스 시설 관리 시스템.The second protocol is a local area network protocol, characterized in that the network protocol.
- 제 3 항에 있어서, 상기 수집기는,The method of claim 3, wherein the collector,도시가스의 압력을 강압 또는 승압하는 정압기에 설치되고, 상기 정압기의 통신 시설을 이용하여 원격 서버로 신호를 전송하는 것임을 특징으로 하는 도시가스 시설 관리 시스템.City gas facility management system, characterized in that installed in the pressure regulator to step up or down the pressure of the city gas, and transmits a signal to a remote server using the communication facility of the pressure regulator.
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