WO2011064776A1 - Armor panel - Google Patents
Armor panel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011064776A1 WO2011064776A1 PCT/IL2010/000988 IL2010000988W WO2011064776A1 WO 2011064776 A1 WO2011064776 A1 WO 2011064776A1 IL 2010000988 W IL2010000988 W IL 2010000988W WO 2011064776 A1 WO2011064776 A1 WO 2011064776A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- armor
- strips
- armor panel
- panel
- front face
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
Definitions
- This subject matter of the present application relates to light weight armor for ballistic protection of people and vehicles.
- laminated and/or layered armor panels in order to protect a body from an incoming projectile.
- a laminated armor panel comprises a plurality of layers whose number and characteristics are chosen according to the expected ballistic threat including the parameters of projectiles which the armor is designed to protect the body from.
- Table 1 provides acronyms and abbreviations used in the present application.
- an armor panel configured for protecting a body from an incoming projectile having a movement axis and configured for spinning about said axis, said armor panel comprising a plurality of armor strips attached to each other, said panel having:
- said strips are arranged within said armor panel so that at least a majority thereof are oriented transversely to at least said front face of the armor panel, wherein at least one of the following conditions applies:
- the material from which at least some of the armor strips are made is such that a static friction force Fs2 needs to be applied in order to at least partially disconnect a portion thereof from its remainder;
- the armor panel is configured so that at least during penetration of the spinning projectile into said armor panel, a dynamic friction force between the spinning projectile and said strips exceeds at least one of said Fsl and Fs2, under at least one of the respective condition (i) and (ii).
- the armor strips can be attached to each other such that in penetration of the spinning projectile through the armor panel, each armor strip is configured for adhering to the projectile with a greater adherence force that to its neighboring armor strips.
- the bonding of the armor strips is such that in penetration of the spinning projectile into the armor panel, the dynamic friction force between the projectile and the armor strips exceeds the static friction force between neighboring armor strips.
- the material of the armor strip can be chosen such that in penetration of the spinning projectile through the armor panel, the material is configured for adhering to the projectile with a greater adherence force than to neighboring areas of same material.
- the material is such that in penetration of the spinning projectile into the armor panel, the dynamic friction force between the projectile and particles of material of the single armor strip exceeds the static friction force between the particles of the material within the single armor strip.
- the armor strips can be made out of a material having a high tensile strength.
- the term 'high tensile strength' refers here to a tensile strength which is at least lGPa, more particularly at least about 2GPa, even more particularly at least about 5GPa, and still more particularly at least about lOGPa.
- the armor strips can be made of a material having a high weight to tensile strength ratio.
- the armor strips can be fully made out of a continuous material, for example a gel like or a plasticine-like material.
- the armor strips can comprise fibers.
- the armor strips can be made of a nano particles (NP) based material.
- NP nano particles
- nano particles such as TiS2, WS2, or Carbon Nano Tube (CNT)
- CNT Carbon Nano Tube
- Additional features of the armor strips and of the material used for their manufacture can be:
- the armor can have a CNT nano structure (Graphene like) with high surface/volume ratio.
- the fibers comprising the nano particles can be of a length of a few millimeters each. This can be advantageous for high performance fibers and composites.
- the armor panel can include a matrix material made, for example, of an epoxy, a modified epoxy, or a resin.
- the matrix material itself can also include nano particles.
- NP for example a polymeric matrix
- the NP for example CNT , WS2 or TiS2 are embedded in a matrix in such a way that enhance the mechanical properties.
- the armor member or armor system which are for use against AP and EFP threats and are made of NP or CNT-Based FGM Nano-Composites, can have a reduced total areal density when compared with known armor members or systems.
- these materials have extremely high tensile strength (ten times higher than steel), very high stiffness, low density, good chemical stability and high thermal and electrical conductivities;
- the nano-particles can be relatively long compared to other nano particles - in the range of 1-2 mm long;
- the CNT fiber can include single, double and multi-wall CNT, or a combination thereof.
- nano-fibers are stronger, lighter, safer, and more energy efficient composite products for high performance armor and armor systems.
- nano-fibers can provide the armor strips with mechanical properties greater than those used in the industry today. For example compared to regular carbon fibers the elongation of nano-fibers can be 10 times greater, the strength is doubled, the elastic modulus is 3 times greater and the density is lower than 1 gr/cm3 which makes it a light weight material.
- the strips are oriented transversely to at least the front face of the armor panel. This orientation will be explained in more detail below, and it should be noted in this connection that in the present application, the term "strip" means a piece of material having two parallel upper and lower surfaces of a length L and a width D, and a thickness t between said surfaces, which meet a condition that the length and the width of the strip are essentially greater than its thickness.
- the strips are oriented in the panel so as to have: o a face rim of the length L and thickness t;
- the armor strips can have two strip surfaces, its face and side rims have two edges formed by the intersections of the rims with the two surfaces.
- the armor strips can be stacked in the armor panel and attached to each other by at least one of the following:
- At least a majority of the face rims of said armor strips can be aligned with one another, e.g. so as to lie in a plane parallel to or coinciding with the front face of the armor panel.
- the same can be correct with respect to the strips' rear rims. Consequently at least a majority of the side rims of said armor strips will be aligned with one another, e.g. so as to line in a plane parallel to or coinciding with the panel's side which is perpendicular to the front face of the panel.
- the armor panel can have the following dimensions:
- a thickness M which is measured in the direction perpendicular to the front face of the panel, and is equal to the length D of the side rim of the armor strips.
- the arrangement can be such that in some armor strips the fibers are oriented along the longitudinal dimension of the armor strips, i.e. along dimension L, and in other armor strips, the fibers are oriented along the width dimension, i.e. along dimension D.
- Such a design can form a bi-directional criss-cross pattern of fibers, facilitating more efficient ballistic resistance of the armor panel.
- the armor strips can be oriented within the armor panel at a slanted orientation, so that the side rims are at an angle to a plane perpendicular to the fiont face of the panel, and containing the intersection line between the armor strip and the front face.
- the armor strips appear angled to the front face.
- the armor strips are also slanted with respect to the expected approach direction of incoming projectiles against which the armor panel is configured to protect.
- the slanting angle of the armor strips can depend on the specific use of the armor panel. According to different examples, the slanting angle can be up to about 80°, more particularly up to about 70°, even more particularly up to about 60°, and still more particularly up to about 45°.
- the armor strips can be flexible and/or pliable.
- the armor panel can be rigid or flexible. It can have, in addition to the stacked-strips body, a front and/or a backing layer, which can further be a part of a wrapping forming an exterior enclosure for the stacked-strips body.
- the armor panel can be configured to be, in assembly, free of any rigid armor elements.
- Examples of such elements can be layers made of steel / ceramic / metal etc.
- each strip having:
- the armor panel produced by said method has a front face constituted by the aligned face rims of the armor strips, and wherein the width of the front face is equal to the length L of the face rim, and height of the front face is equal to the combined thickness T of the thicknesses t of the armor strips.
- the fibers adhere to the projectile, while being locally detached from their neighboring fibers, and become knotted together.
- the spinning projectile becomes entangled and trapped within the fibrous material, thereby considerably reducing the kinetic energy of the projectile.
- the fibers can have a tensile strength high enough to considerably slow down the spinning projectile as it attempts to progress within the fibrous material together with the fibers entangled thereabout.
- the slanting of the armor strips can cause the projectile impacting the armor panel to become deflected from its initial (straight) movement axis due via a ricochet process.
- the projectile is caused to travel along an arc (not a straight line), thereby deflecting it from the body to be protected.
- the ricochet can even be such that the projectile exits the armor panel without even impacting the body to be protected.
- the design of the armor panel of the present application thus affects the trajectory of the incoming projectile, and controls the impact energy on the body to be protected, so that the concept is that there is no reason to defeat a threat but rather to avoid it.
- the above design can be adopted for a helmet protection system where the conventional concept could not defeat AP threats, since the residual energy from the impact of the projectile could generate lethal impact to the solider's head. Under the present design, AP threats will be deflected from the protective helmet with no or little residual energy to affect the head of the soldier. Such quantum leap technique could pave the way for the first AP protection helmet.
- the same basic new concept can be adapted for personal armor where one can use the fibrous material in order to develop real flexible armor which can stop AP threats level. A similar approach can be used for vehicle armor, etc.
- the armor panel can constitute a spall liner, front layer or backing layer, i.e. working in conjunction with additional ballistic layers of material to form an armor system.
- the armor system can comprise a hard front layer (i.e. a layer facing the direction of an expected threat) configured to damage a threat and a back layer configured to absorb the residual energy of the threat after it has impacted the front layer.
- a hard front layer i.e. a layer facing the direction of an expected threat
- a back layer configured to absorb the residual energy of the threat after it has impacted the front layer.
- the armor panel of the present application can be used either as an add-on armor mounted on a structure, vehicle etc. Alternatively, it may be used as a personal armor such as, for example, vests, helmets etc.
- Fig. 1A is a schematic is a schematic isometric view of an armor panel according to the subject matter of the present application;
- Fig. IB is a schematic front view of the armor panel shown in Fig. 1 A;
- Fig. 1C is a schematic exploded isometric view of two armor strips used in the armor panel shown in Fig. 1 A;
- Fig. ID is a schematic cross-sectional view of an armor panel according to another example of the present application.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic stress-strain diagram of the material of the armor panel shown in Fig. 1A;
- Figs. 3A to 3D are schematic frequency/strength diagrams of various materials used for the manufacture of the armor panel of the present application;
- Fig. 4 is a photograph of an enlarged portion of a CNT material used in the manufacture of the armor panel of the present application
- Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional illustration of the armor panel shown in Fig.
- Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of a process for the manufacture of fibers used in the production of the armor panel shown in Figs. 1 A to ID.
- a laminated armor panel is shown generally designated as 1.
- the armor panel 1 is constituted by a plurality of armor strips AS, the strips being attached to each other.
- Each of the armor strips AS is made of fibers 6.
- Each armor strip AS has a strip surface of a length L and a width D, wherein the length L is considerably greater than the width D, i.e. L » D.
- Each of the armor strips AS also has a thickness t, measured in a direction perpendicular to the strips surface, t being considerably smaller than both D and L, i.e. t « D, L.
- two different armor strips AS are used in order to form the armor panel 1, a D strip 2 in which the fibers are arranged along the direction of the width D, and an L strip in which the fibers are arranged along the direction of the length L.
- Each of the strips 2, 4 has a face rim of length L.
- the face rim 5 of the D strip 2 is constituted by the combination of cross-sections of the fibers 6 used to form the D strip, whereas the face rim 7 of the L strip 4 is constituted by the length of the outermost fiber 6 constituting the L strip.
- the D and L layers 2, 4 are disposed one on top of the other, in a stacked manner, so that the face rims 5, 7 of the armor strips 2, 4 are aligned with one another.
- the armor strips 2, 4 can be simply stacked one on top of the other, but can also be physically attached to each other by such means as: electrostatic connection between the layers, weaving, stitching and bonding using an adhesive matrix (not shown).
- the armor panel 1 is formed with a front face (also referred to as strike face) SF which is constituted by the face rims 5, 7 of the armor strips 2, 4.
- the armor panel 1 (see Fig. 1) has the following dimensions:
- a thickness M measured along a dimension perpendicular to the front face, which is equal to the width D of the armor strips 2, 4; and a height H, measured along the third dimension, in a direction perpendicular to width W and thickness M, which is equal to a combined thickness T of the thicknesses t of the armor strips.
- Using different types of armor strips 2, 4 facilitates increasing the ballistic resistance of the armor panel 1 by forming a criss-cross pattern (when viewed perpendicular to the surface of the armor strips AS.
- the armor strips 2, 4 are arranged such that they are oriented transverse to the impact direction of the projectile PJ.
- the armor strips 2, 4 are seen oriented transverse to the front face SF (see left side view in Fig. 1 A).
- the armor strip 2, 4 are transverse to the front face SF and are oriented at an angle of 90° thereto (i.e. perpendicular). However, this does not necessary have to be the case as will now be discussed with respect to Fig. ID.
- the incoming projectile PJ (e.g. a bullet) is configured for spinning rapidly about its own axis.
- the projectile PJ upon penetration into the armor panel 1, ⁇ , the projectile PJ attempts to "screw" itself into the armor panel, and more particularly, makes its way through the criss-cross pattern of the armor strips 2, 4.
- the dynamic friction force FD between the spinning projectile PJ and the fibers 6 of the armor panel 1, ⁇ is greater than the static friction force FS 2 between the fibers 6 themselves, or than the static friction force FSj between neighboring armor strips 2, 4.
- the fibers 6 "adhere" to the projectile PJ, and due to its spinning about its axis, become tangle and knotted up with each other.
- the fibers 'adhere' to the spinning projectile they become 'wrapped' around it life on a spinning spool.
- the tensile strength of the fibers plays an important role. Due to the high tensile strength of the fibers 6, the projectile PJ is required to spend more and more energy both on progressing within the knotted and tangle portion of the armor panel 1, 1' and on spinning. This progression through the knotted fibers accounts for absorption of a considerable amount of the kinetic energy of the projectile PJ.
- FIG. ID another armor panel is shown generally being designated as , and also comprising a plurality of armor strips 2, 4, similarly to the previously described armor panel 1.
- the armor strips are oriented an a slanting angle with respect to the front face SF.
- the projectile PJ changes its trajectory, at least at first, to become aligned with the direction of the armor strips (i.e. deflecting it by 45°). Thereafter, due to its spinning and inertia, and owing to asymmetric forces, the projectile PJ can continue being deflected so that it essentially moves along an arc instead of along a straight line (i.e. ricocheting from the armor panel). This ricocheting can cause the projectile to exit the armor panel 1 ' even without impacting the body to be protected (not shown).
- the materials from which the fibers 6 of the armor strips 2, 4 are made are chosen to have a very high tensile strength (up to lOGPa).
- the material can be a Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) material (see Fig. 4).
- CNT Carbon Nano Tube
- these materials are configured for better adherence to the incoming projectile than to neighboring fibers 6 or neighboring armor strips.
- Kevlar®, Dynema etc. knots can be formed by the fibers constituting the material.
- the strength of the CNT material does not deteriorate as a result of such knots (partly for the explanation above regarding the mechanism of penetration of the projectile PJ).
- CNT fibers can be manufactured using a CVD based process where Carbon Nano tubes (CNT) are created to form a sort of an Aerogel inside a reactor. The aerogel is then pulled and collapsed to form CNT (see Fig. 4 in which a double-wall CNT is shown). An illustration of the process appears in Fig. 6. A similar process is described in US 7,323,157.
- CNT Carbon Nano tubes
- nano particles of iron are formed to serve as catalysts for the formation of CNT's. Excess amounts the precursor used to form the iron nano particles could result in the formation of iron agglomerates within the GNF.
- TEM - A FEI Titan 80300 electron microscope can be used to view the composition of the nano Graphene tubes, the number of walls the CNT had prior to collapsing, the quality and relative quantity of collapsed tubes to tubes which did not collapse.
- FAVIMAT testing machine Single fiber testing via instruments such as the FAVIMAT proves of use to this research since limited testing material is available
- Single fiber testing with the Favimat allows testing of fineness (linear density),strength, and elongation. As single fiber testing is performed the distribution of properties in a sample can be readily obtained.
- An example for the curve obtained from FAVIMAT is shown in figure 2.
- Single fiber tensile testing is compared to more traditional bulk testing which uses bundles of fibers, such as DMA testing for yarns (bundles of fibers interlocked together).
- the characterization of the composite material will begin with the process of sample preparation.
- the fabrication method of the composite samples will strongly depend on the polymeric matrix and its properties.
- the matrix material could well be Epoxy in which case injection or casting methods will be considered.
- Another option for the matrix material could be elastic thermoplastic polymers or rubbers, in this case pre-impregnation or powder coating and pressing would be the fabrication process used.
- the samples would than undergo a series of characterization steps in order to characterize the matrix compatibility and performance. For the compatibly electron microscopy (HR-TEM, HR-SEM) and spectroscopy (SAXS, WAXS) will be used to examine the interface between the GNF and the matrix.
- Predictable properties of GNF composite materials can be effective for future armor applications. It is well known that the mechanical behavior of a composite material is a function of its building material as well as its structure, trough this it can be tailor designed for specific service purposes. Characterization of armor-oriented materials requires dynamic load evaluation in wide range of impact loading rates, facility is equipped with a Hopkinson High Pressure Split Bar(HSPB) apparatus which allows Dynamic compression, tension, bending and shear testing in the range of 102- 104 sec-1 strain rates. The output data is usually translated to a stress strain curve at various rates of dynamic loadings. This provides understanding whether the composite material possess a tendency to be affected by the strain rate i.e. it is a strain rate sensitive material.
- HSPB High Pressure Split Bar
- planar impact experiment which can supply data corresponding to dynamic strength at compression dynamic tests, such as Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL) at the strain rate range higher than 104 sec-1 and typically up to 107sec-l.
- HEL Hugoniot Elastic Limit
- Characterization of composite materials under dynamic loading will be aimed on understanding of structure-properties relationships and service-aided design of the GNF composite material. Ballistic effectiveness of these materials will be evaluated then directly by means of ballistic evaluation, however optimization of the properties of composite materials will be based on comprehensive material analysis and understanding of its behavior under wide spectrum of loadings.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/512,422 US20120291620A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 | 2010-11-25 | Armor panel |
AU2010325514A AU2010325514A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 | 2010-11-25 | Armor panel |
EP10796152A EP2504657A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 | 2010-11-25 | Armor panel |
CA2782182A CA2782182A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 | 2010-11-25 | Armor panel |
IL219977A IL219977B (en) | 2009-11-26 | 2012-05-24 | Armor panel |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IL202372 | 2009-11-26 | ||
IL202372A IL202372A0 (en) | 2009-11-26 | 2009-11-26 | Armor |
US38895910P | 2010-10-01 | 2010-10-01 | |
US61/388,959 | 2010-10-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011064776A1 true WO2011064776A1 (en) | 2011-06-03 |
Family
ID=43570373
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IL2010/000988 WO2011064776A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 | 2010-11-25 | Armor panel |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120291620A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2504657A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2010325514A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2782182A1 (en) |
IL (2) | IL202372A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011064776A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2923361C (en) | 2008-08-11 | 2018-10-09 | Greenhill Antiballistics Corporation | Composite material |
US20150237929A1 (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2015-08-27 | Greenhill Antiballistics Corporation | Gradient nanoparticle-carbon allotrope polymer composite |
US10926513B2 (en) | 2010-10-18 | 2021-02-23 | Greenhill Antiballistics Corporation | Gradient nanoparticle-carbon allotrope-polymer composite material |
US20230314105A1 (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2023-10-05 | National Research Council Of Canada | Laminated armor materials for enhanced ballistic protection |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2090385A (en) * | 1979-04-10 | 1982-07-07 | Europ Propulsion | Armour plating with a multidirectional structure |
US6103641A (en) * | 1998-04-09 | 2000-08-15 | Gehring Textiles Inc | Blunt trauma reduction fabric for body armor |
US6997218B1 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2006-02-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Inflatable body armor system |
US20060062944A1 (en) * | 2004-09-20 | 2006-03-23 | Gardner Slade H | Ballistic fabrics with improved antiballistic properties |
US7323157B2 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2008-01-29 | Cambridge University Technical Services Limited | Production of agglomerates from gas phase |
US20080105114A1 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2008-05-08 | The Boeing Company | Composite containment of high energy debris and pressure |
WO2008100343A2 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2008-08-21 | Raytheon Company | Dynamic armor |
WO2010108133A1 (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2010-09-23 | Warwick Mills, Inc. | Thermally vented body armor |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL105788A (en) * | 1992-06-01 | 1996-10-16 | Allied Signal Inc | Stitched composite constructions having improved penetration resistance |
US6825137B2 (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2004-11-30 | Telair International Incorporated | Lightweight ballistic resistant rigid structural panel |
US8322268B1 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2012-12-04 | Techdyne Llc | Non-metallic armor article and method of manufacture |
EP1912788A4 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2011-12-28 | Composix Co | Ballistic laminate structure |
US8087101B2 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2012-01-03 | James Riddell Ferguson | Impact shock absorbing material |
-
2009
- 2009-11-26 IL IL202372A patent/IL202372A0/en unknown
-
2010
- 2010-11-25 US US13/512,422 patent/US20120291620A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-11-25 AU AU2010325514A patent/AU2010325514A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-11-25 CA CA2782182A patent/CA2782182A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-11-25 EP EP10796152A patent/EP2504657A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-11-25 WO PCT/IL2010/000988 patent/WO2011064776A1/en active Application Filing
-
2012
- 2012-05-24 IL IL219977A patent/IL219977B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2090385A (en) * | 1979-04-10 | 1982-07-07 | Europ Propulsion | Armour plating with a multidirectional structure |
US6103641A (en) * | 1998-04-09 | 2000-08-15 | Gehring Textiles Inc | Blunt trauma reduction fabric for body armor |
US7323157B2 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2008-01-29 | Cambridge University Technical Services Limited | Production of agglomerates from gas phase |
US20080105114A1 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2008-05-08 | The Boeing Company | Composite containment of high energy debris and pressure |
US6997218B1 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2006-02-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Inflatable body armor system |
US20060062944A1 (en) * | 2004-09-20 | 2006-03-23 | Gardner Slade H | Ballistic fabrics with improved antiballistic properties |
WO2008100343A2 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2008-08-21 | Raytheon Company | Dynamic armor |
WO2010108133A1 (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2010-09-23 | Warwick Mills, Inc. | Thermally vented body armor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2010325514A2 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
AU2010325514A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
IL219977A0 (en) | 2012-07-31 |
EP2504657A1 (en) | 2012-10-03 |
CA2782182A1 (en) | 2011-06-03 |
US20120291620A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
IL202372A0 (en) | 2010-11-30 |
IL219977B (en) | 2018-10-31 |
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