WO2011051772A1 - Direct-current power supply device and direct-current power supply system - Google Patents
Direct-current power supply device and direct-current power supply system Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011051772A1 WO2011051772A1 PCT/IB2010/002684 IB2010002684W WO2011051772A1 WO 2011051772 A1 WO2011051772 A1 WO 2011051772A1 IB 2010002684 W IB2010002684 W IB 2010002684W WO 2011051772 A1 WO2011051772 A1 WO 2011051772A1
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- Prior art keywords
- power
- load
- amount
- power generation
- secondary battery
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
- H01M10/465—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus with solar battery as charging system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/003—Load forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future load demand
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/40—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries adapted for charging from various sources, e.g. AC, DC or multivoltage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a DC power supply device and a DC power supply system.
- load equipment is used by combining DC power supplied by the solar cell 1 and the secondary battery 2 with DC power supplied by the ACZDC converter 3 for ACDC conversion of commercial power source AC.
- DC power supplied by the solar cell 1 and the secondary battery 2 is used by combining DC power supplied by the ACZDC converter 3 for ACDC conversion of commercial power source AC.
- ACZDC converter 3 for ACDC conversion of commercial power source AC.
- the operation pattern (according to the variation of the power generation of solar cell 1 and the power consumption of the load equipment) 1)-(4) are switched dynamically.
- the load device L is driven by the power generated by the solar battery 2 and the secondary battery 2 is charged (see Fig. 10A).
- the load device L is driven by the generated power of the solar cell 1 and the discharged power of the secondary cell 2 (see OB in FIG. 1).
- the load device L is driven and the secondary battery 2 is charged by the generated power of the solar battery 2 and the output power of the ACZDC converter 3 (see Fig. 1 OC).
- the operation pattern (4) drives the load device L by the generated power of the solar cell 1, the discharged power of the secondary cell 2, and the output power of the A CZDC converter 3 (see Fig. 10D).
- the solar battery 1 is preferentially used for driving the load device or charging the secondary battery 2, and the AC DC converter 3 converts AC power to DC power.
- ACZDC conversion efficiency Operating at a high conversion efficiency (ACZDC conversion efficiency) may be mentioned.
- the ACZDC conversion efficiency is represented by an efficiency curve which becomes maximum (conversion efficiency peak) at a predetermined power Wa lower than the rated output power Ws of the ACDC converter 3. Then, a discharge priority mode in which the discharge of the secondary battery 2 is prioritized over the charge while operating according to any of the operation patterns (1) to (4) and a charge priority mode in which the charge of the secondary battery 2 is prioritized over the discharge To reduce the deterioration of system efficiency.
- the discharge priority mode is a control method that gives priority to the discharge of the secondary battery 2 over the charge, and the secondary battery 2 is charged as much as possible by the generated power of the solar battery 1 and the ACZDC converter 3 is
- the purpose is to reduce the power consumption of the commercial power source AC and to reduce the capacity of the secondary battery 2 by stopping the system. More specifically, the AC / DC converter 3 is stopped to compensate for the power difference between the power consumed by the load device and the power generated by the solar cell 1 with only the discharged power from the secondary battery 2 (full cover discharge) ) Takes precedence. That is, the capacity of the secondary battery 2 is reduced
- the secondary battery 2 is controlled to be in a chargeable state when a surplus is generated in the power generated by the solar battery 1.
- the charge priority mode is a control method that gives priority to charging the secondary battery 2 over discharging, and when the power consumption at the load device L exceeds the predetermined power Wa at which the A CZ DC conversion efficiency peak is reached, the secondary By using the discharge power of battery 2 in combination, when performing the efficiency improvement operation of adjusting the output power of AC / DC comparator 3 to the conversion efficiency peak, it is possible to prevent the discharge power of secondary battery 2 from running short. And the purpose. Specifically, control to maintain the capacity of the secondary battery 2 by charging the secondary battery 2 with the generated power of the solar battery 1 and the output power of the ACZDC converter 3 is given priority, the solar battery 1 and the secondary battery 2 Do not do full power / one discharge to drive the load device L only.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 9-1 5 3 3 3 0 1
- the ACDC converter 3 may be used in a place where the conversion efficiency is low.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and it is possible to optimize the power efficiency of the entire system while using the power generated by the solar cell and supplying power to a load whose power consumption changes momentarily.
- DC power supply device and DC power supply system that can be
- a solar battery that generates electricity by sunlight, an ACDC converter that converts commercial power to DC power, and a secondary battery that is charged by the output of the solar battery and the ACDC converter are used as power supplies.
- DC power supply apparatus for supplying DC power comprising: a discharge priority mode of the secondary battery and the second based on estimation results of the power generation amount of the solar cell and the consumed electricity amount of the load in a predetermined predetermined period in the future A DC power supply is provided that switches the mode between the charging priority mode of the secondary battery.
- the DC power supply device includes: a power generation amount detection unit that detects a power generation amount of a solar cell; A load detection unit for detecting the amount of electricity consumption, and based on each detection result of the amount of electricity generation of the solar cell and the amount of electricity consumption of the load, each of the solar cell and the secondary battery and the ACDC converter applies load to the load.
- a distribution control unit that controls each power supply operation; a power generation amount estimation unit that estimates the power generation amount of the solar cell in a predetermined future period; and a load amount estimation unit that estimates the consumed electricity amount of the load in the future predetermined period
- the operation of the power distribution control unit is performed based on each estimated result of the power generation amount of the solar cell and the consumed electricity amount of the load in a future predetermined period in any one of the discharge priority mode and the charge priority mode.
- the charging priority mode may be a mode that prioritizes at least one control for charging the secondary battery with the generated power and the ACDC converter output power of the solar cell.
- the mode switching unit In the mode switching unit, the amount of used electricity of the commercial power supply when the distribution control unit is operated in the discharge priority mode in a predetermined future period, and the power distribution control unit in the charge priority mode in the future predetermined period.
- the amount of electricity used by the commercial power supply at the time of operation is calculated based on the estimated results of the amount of electricity generated by the solar cell and the amount of electricity consumed by the load, and the amount of electricity used by the commercial power supply is small in both modes. You may select the mode.
- control can be performed to reduce the amount of electricity used by the commercial power source, and the power efficiency of the entire system can be optimized.
- the DC power supply device further includes: a switching determination information storage unit in which the discharge priority mode or the charge priority mode is associated with a combination of the power generation amount of the solar cell and the consumption amount of load.
- the mode switching unit may select a mode corresponding to each estimation result of the power generation amount of the solar cell and the consumed electricity amount of the load with reference to the switching determination information storage unit.
- the mode switching process can be simplified because it is not necessary to derive the amount of electricity used for the commercial power supply in the future.
- the DC power supply device further includes a load history storage unit storing a history of the amount of consumed electricity of the load, and the load amount estimation unit refers to the load history storage unit and stores the history in a past predetermined period.
- the average value of the electricity consumption of the load may be used as an estimate of the electricity consumption of the load in a predetermined future period.
- the DC power supply device further includes a load history storage unit storing a history of the amount of consumed electricity of the load, and the load amount estimation unit refers to the load history storage unit and stores the history in a past predetermined period. It is good to estimate the amount of electricity consumed by the load for a given future period based on the amount of electricity consumed by the Yes.
- the DC power supply device further includes a load history storage unit storing a history of the consumed electricity amount of the load, and the load amount estimating unit is configured to determine a future load period based on the history of the consumed electricity amount of the load.
- the mode switching unit may select the discharge priority mode if the history of the consumed electricity amount of the load stored in the load history storage unit is within a predetermined amount. According to this configuration, power distribution control can be performed even immediately after system startup, and can be used as much as possible for charging the secondary battery if a surplus is generated in the generated power of the solar battery. It is possible to suppress waste of the power generated by solar cells.
- the DC power supply device further includes a power generation amount storage unit in which the power generation amount of the solar cell is set in each period obtained by dividing one year, and the power generation amount estimation unit refers to the power generation amount storage unit. The amount of power generation of the solar cell in the next predetermined period may be estimated.
- the DC power supply device further includes a power generation history storage unit storing a history of power generation amount of the solar cell, and the power generation amount estimation unit is configured to determine a future power generation period based on the power generation history of the solar cell. It is also possible to estimate the amount of power generation of the solar cell.
- the power generation amount estimation unit may refer to the power generation history storage unit, and use the average value of the power generation amount of the solar cell in a predetermined period in the past as the estimated value of the power generation amount of the solar cell in a predetermined future period. .
- the power generation amount estimation unit may estimate the power generation amount of the solar cell in a future predetermined period based on the power generation amount of the solar cell in the past predetermined period with reference to the power generation history storage unit.
- the mode switching unit may further include: a secondary battery monitoring unit that monitors a degradation state of the secondary battery, and the number of times of selecting the charge priority mode may be reduced as the degradation state of the secondary battery is larger. .
- a solar cell an ACZDC converter for converting commercial power to DC power, a secondary battery charged by the output of the solar cell and the ACZDC converter, a solar cell, an ACZDC converter And a direct current power supply device for supplying DC power to a load using a secondary battery as a power supply, wherein the DC power supply device is configured to:
- the DC power supply system switches the mode between the discharge priority mode of the secondary battery and the charge priority mode of the secondary battery based on each estimation result of the amount of power generation of the positive battery and the amount of electricity consumption of the load.
- the DC power supply device includes: a power generation amount detection unit that detects a power generation amount of the solar cell; a load amount detection unit that detects a consumption amount of electricity of the load; A distribution control unit that controls each power supply operation from the solar cell and secondary battery and ACDC converter to the load based on each detection result of the consumed electricity amount; and the solar cell in a predetermined period in the future
- a power generation amount estimation unit for estimating the power generation amount of the load, a load amount estimation unit for estimating the consumed electricity amount of the load in a predetermined future period, and one of the discharge priority mode and the charge priority mode
- mode switching means for switching the operation of the power distribution control unit based on estimation results of the power generation amount of the solar cell and the consumed electricity amount of the load in a predetermined period, and the discharge priority mode.
- priority is given to control that compensates for the power difference between the power consumed by the load and the power generated by the solar cell by stopping the AC / DC converter, and the charge priority mode.
- priority may be given to control for charging the secondary battery with at least one of the generated power of the solar battery and the output power of the AC / DC converter.
- the power efficiency of the entire system can be optimized while using the power generated by the solar cell and supplying power to the load whose power consumption changes momentarily. There is.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a system configuration of a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a flow chart of distribution control of the above.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a flowchart of operation mode setting of the above.
- FIG. 3B is a view showing a flowchart of operation mode determination of the above.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the structure of a power generation amount table of the same.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a flow chart of setting the upper limit value of the discharge current of the same.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a system configuration of Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a charging priority mode weighting characteristic of the same.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a system configuration of a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a conventional system configuration and operation.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing conversion efficiency characteristics of an AC / DC converter. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the direct current power supply system of the present embodiment includes a solar cell 1, a secondary cell 2, and an AC DC converter 3, and the direct current power supply device 4 includes a solar cell 1 and a secondary cell 2.
- the ACZDC converter 3 is used as a power source to control DC power supplied to the load device L.
- the solar cell 1 is provided with a DCZDC converter (not shown) that generates electric power by sunlight, and boosts or lowers the output voltage to output a predetermined DC voltage.
- the ACZDC converter 3 constitutes ACDC conversion means for converting commercial power source AC into DC power and outputting a predetermined DC voltage.
- the secondary battery 2 is charged by at least one of the generated power of the solar cell 1 and the output power of the ACZDC converter 3 by the charging unit 2a, and discharged to the load side by the discharging unit 2b.
- the secondary battery 2 is, for example, a nickel hydrogen battery or a lithium ion battery, and a DC / DC converter which boosts or lowers the discharge voltage of the secondary battery 2 to the discharge portion 2 b and outputs a predetermined DC voltage. The power is provided.
- the DC power supply device 4 controls the DC power to be supplied to the load device L using the solar battery 1, the secondary battery 2 and the AC / DC converter 3 as a power source.
- Detection unit 4 Distribution control unit 4c, Generation amount storage unit 4d, Generation amount estimation unit 4e, Load history storage unit 4f, Load amount estimation unit 4g, Mode switching unit 4h It consists of
- the power generation amount detection unit 4 a detects the generated power and the generated power amount from the generated current of the solar cell 1, the charge / discharge power of the secondary battery 2, and the output power of the ACZDC converter 3.
- the power consumption and power consumption of the load device L are detected from the output current of the power supply device 4, and the power distribution control unit 4c detects the power generation amount detection unit 4a. And, based on the detection results of the load amount detection unit 4 b, the power supply operation from the solar cell 1 and the secondary battery 2 and the AC / DC converter 3 to the load is controlled.
- the distribution control unit 4c derives a power difference obtained by subtracting the current generated power of the solar cell 1 from the power consumption of the current load device, and based on this power difference, the control method of the secondary battery 2 Discharge control is performed, and the output control of the ACZDC converter 3 is performed.
- the power distribution control by the power distribution control unit 4c will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
- the distribution control unit 4 c generates power from the current load device L and generates power from the current solar cell 1.
- the judgment current of ACZDC converter 3 As the power difference from which the power is drawn, with charging / discharging of secondary battery 2 being stopped, It is determined whether the determination current of the ACZDC converter 3 exceeds 0 (A) (that is, the presence or absence of the output of the AC DC converter 3) (S 1). If the output of ACZDC converter 3 is available, it is determined whether the output (power difference) of ACZDC converter 3 can be completely covered by the discharge power of secondary battery 2 (that is, whether full coverage can be discharged). (S2).
- the discharge current of secondary battery 2 is set to the upper limit (discharge upper limit) according to the mode setting described later, and the discharge current (determination current) required for full cover discharge is the discharge upper limit. If it is inside, it is judged that full force / discharge is possible. If it is judged that full power / 'one discharge of the secondary battery 2 is possible, the output of the ACZDC converter 3 is stopped, and the secondary battery 2 starts full discharge (S3). However, if discharge is not possible because the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 2 has reached the lower limit, the process proceeds to step S4 described later.
- the judgment current of the AC DC converter 3 exceeds the discharge upper limit value, it is judged that full power bar discharge of the secondary battery 2 is impossible, and next, the judgment current of the ACZ DC comparator 3 is AC It is determined whether or not the current range is in the vicinity of the peak of the / DC conversion efficiency (whether or not it is within the preset current range) (S4). That is, it is determined whether the ACZDC converter 3 is operating near the predetermined power Wa in FIG. 11 or not, in the current range where the determination current of the ACZDC converter 3 is near the peak of the ACZDC conversion efficiency. If it exists (a3), charging / discharging of the secondary battery 2 is stopped, and the ACZDC converter 3 continues the output operation near the conversion efficiency peak (S5).
- step S4 if the determination current of the ACZDC converter 3 is smaller than the current range near the peak of the ACZDC conversion efficiency (a 1), it is determined whether or not the secondary battery 2 can be charged S 6). If the capacity of the secondary battery 2 has reached the charge limit, it is determined that charging is not possible, charging / discharging of the secondary battery 2 is stopped, and the ACZDC converter 3 continues the output operation with the conversion efficiency lowered. (S 7).
- the efficiency peak current is within the current range in which the secondary battery 2 can be charged (hereinafter, chargeable It is determined whether or not the range is referred to (S8). If the value obtained by subtracting the judgment current of the AC / DC comparator 3 from the efficiency peak current is within the chargeable range (b 1), charging of the secondary battery 2 is started, and the ACZDC converter 3 outputs the output current.
- the operation is increased to shift to the conversion efficiency peak operation (S 9).
- the value obtained by subtracting the determination current of the ACZDC converter 3 from the efficiency peak current is above the chargeable range (b 2), charging of the secondary battery 2 is started, and the AC / DC converter 3 increases the output current.
- the output current of AC / DC converter 3 is the sum of the maximum charging current and the determination current, the ACZDC converter 3 performs the output operation in a state where the conversion efficiency is reduced.
- S 10 Or from the efficiency peak current to If the value obtained by subtracting the determination current of converter 3 is below the chargeable range (b 3), charging of secondary battery 2 becomes impossible and charging / discharging is stopped, and conversion efficiency of ACZDC converter 3 decreases. Continue the output operation under the condition (S1 1).
- step S4 if the determination current of the ACZDC converter 3 is larger than the current range near the peak of the AC / DC conversion efficiency (a 2), it is determined whether or not the secondary battery 2 can be discharged S 1 2). If the capacity of the secondary battery 2 is discharged, the battery is judged to be incapable of discharging, and charging / discharging of the secondary battery 2 is stopped, and the ACZDC converter 3 outputs with the conversion efficiency lowered. Continue the operation (S1 3).
- the dischargeable range the current range (hereinafter referred to as the dischargeable range) (S14). If the value obtained by subtracting the efficiency peak current from the judgment current of the AC non-DC converter 3 falls within the dischargeable range (c 1), the secondary battery 2 starts discharging, and the AC Z DC converter 3 reduces the output current Shift to conversion efficiency peak operation (S15).
- step S1 it is determined whether or not the secondary battery 2 can be charged (S18). If the capacity of the secondary battery 2 does not reach the charge limit, it is determined that charging is possible, and charging of the secondary battery 2 by the power generated by the solar battery 1 is started with the AC / DC converter 3 stopped. Do (S 19). If the capacity of the secondary battery 2 has reached the charge limit, it is determined that charging is not possible, and charging / discharging of the secondary battery 2 is stopped in a state where the ACZDC converter 3 is stopped (S20).
- mode switching unit 4 h has a discharge priority mode in which the discharge of secondary battery 2 is prioritized over charge and a charge priority mode in which the charge of secondary battery 2 is prioritized over discharge. By switching, system efficiency is improved.
- step S 2 above it is determined whether the output of the ACZDC converter 3 can be fully compensated by the discharge power of the secondary battery 2 (that is, whether full cover discharge is possible or not).
- the discharge current of secondary battery 2 is set to the discharge upper limit according to the mode setting, and it is determined that full cover discharge is possible if the discharge current output in full cover discharge is within the discharge upper limit. Be done. And, switching of the operation mode is performed by switching of the discharge upper limit value in the full cover discharge.
- the discharge priority mode is a control method in which the discharge of the secondary battery 2 is given priority over the charge, and the charge of the secondary battery 2 is limited by the generated power of the solar battery 1 as much as possible.
- the purpose is to stop 3 as much as possible to reduce the amount of power used by the commercial power supply AC and further reduce the capacity of the secondary battery 2.
- the process of compensating for the power difference between the power consumed by the load device and the power generated by the solar cell 1 with only the discharged power of the secondary battery 2 with the ACDC compound 3 stopped is prioritized. . That is, the capacity of the secondary battery 2 is reduced, and the secondary battery 2 is controlled to be in a chargeable state when a surplus is generated in the generated power of the solar cell 1.
- the charge priority mode is a control method that gives priority to the charge of the secondary battery 2 over the discharge, and the secondary battery is charged when the power consumption of the load device L exceeds the predetermined power Wa at which the ACDC conversion efficiency peak is reached.
- the purpose is to prevent the discharge power of the secondary battery 2 from running short when performing the efficiency improvement operation of adjusting the output power of the ACZ DC converter 3 to the conversion efficiency peak by using the discharge power of 2.
- control to maintain the capacity of the secondary battery 2 by charging the secondary battery 2 with the generated power of the solar battery 1 and the output power of the ACZDC converter 3 is given priority, the solar battery 1 and the secondary battery 2 Only load equipment full power to drive L /, 'do not discharge.
- the mode switching unit 4 h performs the process of setting the operation mode shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3A at 6 am (this time may vary depending on the season) before the solar cell 1 starts power generation. (For example, once a day) Maintain the set operation mode for one day from 6 am to 5:59 am of the following day (hereinafter, this one period will be referred to as today). First, it is determined, for example, whether one week has passed after system startup (S 31), and if one week has elapsed since system startup, processing for determining the operation mode is performed (S 32).
- step S32 The determination process of the operation mode in step S32 is shown in the flow chart of FIG. 3B, and each estimation result of the power generation amount of the solar cell 1 and the power consumption amount of the load device L in a predetermined period in the future from now. Determine the operating mode based on
- the power generation amount storage unit 4d stores a power generation amount table TB 1 in which a general power generation amount of the solar cell 1 in each period divided into seasons is preset. It is done.
- the power generation table TB 1 divides the seasons into “summer”, “spring / autumn” and “winter”, and further corresponds to the weather “cleanly”, “finely”, “smoothly cloudy”, “cloudy” and “rain” each season.
- the amount of power generation (A h) is set in advance.
- the power generation amount estimation unit 4 e is equipped with an internet connection means (not shown), acquires today's weather forecast information from a server on the Internet, refers to the power generation amount table TB 1, and Estimate today's power generation based on the forecast information (S 4 1). Therefore, it is not necessary to store the history of the amount of power generation, and it is possible to estimate the amount of power generation of the solar battery 1 with a simple configuration.
- the load history storage unit 4 f stores the history of the power consumption of the load device L detected by the load amount detection unit 4 b for the past one week on a daily basis, and the load amount estimation unit 4 g
- the average value of the power consumption in the past week for example, the average value per predetermined time unit
- the estimated value of the power consumption of the present day for example, the estimated value per predetermined time unit is set (S 4 2).
- the history of the oldest day is deleted and the history of the previous day is added every day, and the average value of the power consumption in the past one week is updated as the estimated value of the power consumption today.
- the average value of the recent power consumption is used as the estimated value of the current power consumption, it is possible to estimate the power consumption while reducing the resources of the load history storage unit 4 f. .
- the mode switching unit 4 h uses the power generation amount of the present day and the estimation result of the power consumption amount of the present day, and the actual usage amount of the commercial power source AC when the distribution control unit 4 c is operated in the charge priority mode. Are derived, and the actual usage of the commercial power source AC when the distribution control unit 4 c is operated in the discharge priority mode is further derived (S 43).
- step S43 The process for deriving today's actual usage of the commercial power source AC in step S43 will be described below.
- the power consumption simulation of the commercial power AC in the case of both the discharge priority mode and the charge priority mode is performed.
- the simulation for determining the power consumption of this commercial power source AC today is calculated, for example, in fixed time units such as 1 minute and 10 minutes, and the result of integration of the calculated results in fixed time units is the commercial power source AC of today. Power consumption of
- the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 2 as of 6 am today 5: 5 9 am the next day of the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 2] is the increase or decrease of the capacity of the secondary battery 2
- Actual usage of commercial power AC in the discharge priority mode-usage power of commercial power AC in the discharge priority mode + increase / decrease of the capacity of the secondary battery 2 in the discharge priority mode, real usage of commercial power AC in the charge priority mode The amount of power consumed by the commercial power source AC in the charge priority mode + the increase / decrease in capacity of the secondary battery 2 in the charge priority mode.
- the actual usage of the commercial power source AC in the case of the discharge priority mode and the charge priority mode is compared (S 4 4). If the actual usage of the commercial power AC when the charge priority mode is selected is smaller than the actual usage of the commercial power AC when the discharge priority mode is selected, the operation mode is switched to the charge priority mode (S 45) ). On the other hand, if the actual usage of the commercial power AC when the discharge priority mode is selected is larger than the actual usage of the commercial power AC when the charge priority mode is selected, the operation mode is switched to the discharge priority mode (S 4 6).
- step S43 the mode switching unit 4h operates the distribution control unit 4c in the charge priority mode using the power generation amount of the present day and the estimation result of the power consumption amount of the present day. Deduce the AC power consumption today, and operate the distribution control unit 4 c in the discharge priority mode. It is also possible to derive today's amount of used power of commercial power AC at that time, and compare the derived amounts of used power in step S44. That is, without considering the increase or decrease in the capacity of the secondary battery 2, the power consumption of the commercial power supply AC in both modes is simply derived. In this case, the operating mode is switched to the charge priority mode if the power consumption of the commercial power AC when the charge priority mode is selected is less than the power consumption of the commercial power AC when the discharge priority mode is selected. On the other hand, if the power consumption of the commercial power AC when the discharge priority mode is selected is not larger than the power consumption of the commercial power AC when the charge priority mode is selected, the operation mode is switched to the discharge priority mode.
- step S31 if one week has not passed since the system was started, it is assumed that the seven days' history of the power consumption of the load device L is not stored in the load history storage unit 4 f yet. , Set the discharge priority mode to the operation mode (S 3 3). Therefore, even immediately after system startup, power distribution control can be performed, and furthermore, when surplus power is generated in the power generated by solar cell 1, it can be used for charging secondary battery 2 as much as possible. Unnecessary discarding of the generated power can be suppressed.
- the mode switching unit 4 h sets the operation mode of the distribution control unit 4 c to the charge priority mode or the discharge priority mode.
- the switching means of this mode is the step S 2 in FIG. This is realized by switching the discharge upper limit value of the discharge current used in determining whether or not the full cover discharge of the secondary battery 2 is possible.
- the setting process of the upper limit value of discharge is shown in FIG. 5 first, and the mode switching unit 4h first detects the current time at 2 o'clock 0 o'clock 0 o'clock 0 o'clock 0 to 5 o'clock 5 o'clock 9 o'clock It is determined whether or not it is between (S.sub.51). And, if the current time is, for example, between 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 s 5 9 9 5 9 seconds, the setting of the operation mode is either the charge mode or the discharge mode. Even if it is, the dischargeable current value of the secondary battery 2 is set to the discharge upper limit value as the efficiency neglecting discharge time zone (S 52). That is, in the nighttime, the discharge limit value is forcibly increased to the maximum dischargeable current, and the secondary battery 2 is discharged as much as possible.
- S 52 efficiency neglecting discharge time zone
- step S 51 the current time is not set between 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 s 5 9 5 s 9 s in steps S 4 5 and S 4 6 in FIG. 3B. It is determined whether the charging mode is the charging priority mode (S 53). When the charge priority mode is set, the discharge upper limit value is set to 0 (A) (S54), and when the discharge priority mode is set, the discharge upper limit value is, for example, the efficiency peak current-0.1 ( A) Set (S 5 5).
- the discharge upper limit value is set to 0 (A) when setting the charge priority mode, it is always determined that full coverage discharge is impossible in the determination of whether full coverage discharge is possible in step S2. . That is, the charge control of the secondary battery 2 is prioritized.
- the discharge priority mode since the efficiency peak current 1 0. 1 (A) is set to the discharge upper limit value, it is necessary for the full coverage discharge in the judgment of the full cover discharge in step S2. If the discharge current is within the discharge upper limit value, it is determined that full cover discharge is possible, It becomes easy to shift to the full cover discharge in step S3. That is, the discharge control of the secondary battery 2 has priority.
- the discharge upper limit value in the discharge priority mode may be in the vicinity of the upper and lower sides of the efficiency peak current, and the discharge current necessary for the full cover discharge is in the vicinity of the upper and lower efficiency peak currents in the determination of full coverage discharge in step S2. If it is within the set discharge upper limit value, it is judged that one full discharge is possible.
- the ACZDC comparator 3 can be stopped at low output when the ACZDC conversion efficiency is low, and the deterioration of the system power efficiency is suppressed. In addition, even secondary batteries 2 with small available output current can handle large-capacity AC / DC converters 3.
- the discharge upper limit value in the discharge priority mode is larger than the efficiency peak current, the temperature rise of the secondary battery 2 due to the rapid discharge is large, and the life of the secondary battery 2 is shortened.
- the secondary battery 2 may be set to the maximum current that can be discharged. Furthermore, if the upper limit of discharge is larger than the peak efficiency current, such as when the peak efficiency of ACZDC converter 3 is 5 (A) and the upper limit of discharge of secondary battery 2 is 10 (A), the judgment current is Even if the range is higher than the efficiency peak current, full coverage is possible, and the range of full coverage discharge becomes wider. Also in this case, if the determination current of the AC / DC converter 3 is within the discharge upper limit value, it is determined that full coverage discharge is possible, and the process proceeds to step S 3. If it exceeds, it is determined that full cover discharge of the secondary battery 2 is impossible, and the process shifts to step S4. Thus, when the discharge upper limit value is set to the maximum current that can be discharged by secondary battery 2, in the discharge priority mode, full coverage by secondary battery 2 is given the highest priority, and the power used by the commercial power supply AC is It is suppressed to the maximum.
- the amount of power generation of the solar cell 1 in a predetermined future period (one day from 6:00:00 in this embodiment) and the future predetermined period (6:00 in this embodiment) Estimate the power consumption of the load device L in 1 day from 0 minutes to 0 minutes. Then, based on the estimation result, the commercial power supply in a predetermined future period (one day from 6:00:00 in this embodiment) when each of the charge priority mode and the discharge priority mode is used. Deriving the actual usage of AC and selecting the mode in which the actual usage of commercial power AC is low. Therefore, it is possible to control the amount of power used by the commercial power source AC while controlling the power consumption of the commercial power source while utilizing the generated power of the solar cell 1 and supplying power to the load device whose power consumption changes from moment to moment. Efficiency can be optimized.
- the load amount estimation unit 4g performs estimation processing of the power consumption amount in the future based on the history of the power consumption amount of the load device L, the usage schedule of the load device in the future is set in advance It is also possible to estimate the future power consumption based on the usage schedule of the load equipment.
- the DC power supply system of the present embodiment is switched to the DC power supply device 4
- the determination information storage unit 4 i is provided, and the same configuration as that of the first embodiment is denoted by the same reference numeral and the description is omitted.
- the switching judgment table TB 2 shown in FIG. 7 is stored in the switching judgment information storage unit 4 i, and the switching judgment table TB 2 contains the power generation amount of the solar cell 1 and the power consumption amount of the load device L.
- the charge priority mode or discharge priority mode is associated with each range.
- the mode switching unit 4 h of the first embodiment uses the estimated amount of power generation and consumed energy to operate the distribution control unit 4 c in the charge priority mode, and the actual usage of the commercial power source AC today. And the actual usage of the commercial power source AC when the distribution control unit 4c is operated in the discharge priority mode is derived, and the mode with the smaller usage is selected (step S 4 3 to S 4 6).
- the mode switching unit 4 h refers to the switching determination table TB 2, and the power generation amount of the solar cell 1 estimated by the power generation amount estimation unit 4 e and the load estimated by the load amount estimation unit 4 g. Select the mode that corresponds to the power consumption of the device.
- the mode switching process can be simplified because it is not necessary to derive the actual usage of the commercial power source AC in the future.
- the secondary battery 2 has a characteristic that the deterioration in which the maximum capacity decreases as the SOC increases is advanced. Therefore, when the setting period of the charge priority mode is extended, the period in which the SOC of the secondary battery 2 is high is also longer, and the deterioration of the secondary battery 2 is likely to progress. Therefore, the mode switching unit 4 h weights the charge priority mode according to the deterioration state of the secondary battery 2 and sets the number of times of selecting the charge priority mode according to the weight.
- mode switching unit 4 h includes secondary battery monitoring means for monitoring the deterioration state of secondary battery 2 based on the charge / discharge time or the like, and as the deterioration state of secondary battery 2 progresses , Increase the degradation factor within the range of 0-1. Then, the charging priority mode weighting characteristic shown in FIG. 8 is stored, and the weighting coefficient (0 to 1) of the charging priority mode according to the deterioration coefficient is set.
- the weighting factor of the charge priority mode is 1, the weights of the charge priority mode and the discharge priority mode are the same.
- the weighting coefficient of the charge priority mode decreases, the weight of the charge priority mode decreases, and the number of times the charge priority mode is selected is controlled to be reduced, and the progress of deterioration of the secondary battery 2 is suppressed.
- the DC power supply system of the present embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
- the same components as those of the first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the load history storage unit 4 f stores the history of the power consumption of the load device L detected by the load amount detection unit 4 b for the past one year on a daily basis.
- the load amount estimation unit 4 g refers to the load history storage unit 4 f and uses the power consumption on the same day as the current one-year-old date as the estimated value of the power consumption on the current day. As described above, since the power consumption a year ago that is considered to be almost the same environment as today is used as the estimated value of the power consumption today, The estimation accuracy of strength is improved.
- the average value of the recent power consumption may be used as the estimated value of the current power consumption, and the estimated value may be corrected based on the power consumption one year ago.
- a power generation history storage unit 4 j is provided in the DC power supply device 4 instead of the power generation amount storage unit 4 d.
- the same symbols are attached to the configuration of and the description is omitted.
- the DC power supply device 4 of the present embodiment is provided with the power generation history storage unit 4 j, and the power generation history storage unit 4 j includes, for example, the past of the power generation amount of the solar cell 1 detected by the power generation amount detection unit 4 a.
- the history of one week is stored in ⁇ units, and the power generation amount estimation unit 4 e refers to the power generation history storage unit 4 j to calculate the average value of the power generation amount in the past one week Let it be an estimated value. Then, delete the history of the oldest firewood and add the history of the previous day, and update the average value of the power generation amount in the past one week as the estimated value of the power generation amount for today.
- the power generation amount estimation processing can be performed while reducing the resources of the power generation history storage unit 4 j.
- the power generation history storage unit 4 j stores the history of the power generation amount detected by the power generation amount detection unit 4 a in units of days in the past, and the power generation amount estimation unit 4 g stores the power generation history storage unit 4 j
- the amount of power generation on the same date as today be the estimated value of the amount of power generation on today.
- the power generation amount estimated to be the same as today's environment is assumed to be the estimated value of the power generation amount that is considered to be one year ago, so the estimation accuracy of the power generation amount is improved.
- the average value of the latest power generation amount may be used as the estimated value of the power generation amount of today, and this estimated value may be corrected based on the power generation amount one year ago.
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Abstract
Provided is a direct-current power supply device which supplies direct-current power to a load using a solar battery that generates power by solar light, an AC/DC converter that converts a commercial power source into direct-current power, and a secondary battery that is charged by the outputs of the solar battery and the AC/DC converter as a power source, said direct-current power supply device switches the mode between a secondary battery discharge priority mode and a secondary battery charge priority mode on the basis of the respective estimation results of the power generation amount of the solar battery and the electricity consumption amount of the load during a future predetermined period.
Description
明細書 直流電力供給装置、 および直流電力供給システム fe術分野 Specification DC power supply device and DC power supply system
本発明は、 直流電力供給装置、 および直流電力供給システムに関するものである。 背景技術 The present invention relates to a DC power supply device and a DC power supply system. Background art
図 1 OA〜1 ODに示すように、 太陽電池 1や二次電池 2が供給する直流電力と、 商用 電源 A Cを A C D C変換する ACZDCコンバータ 3が供給する直流電力とを併用して、 負荷機器しを駆動する直流電力供給システムがある (例えば、 特許文献 1参照)。 As shown in Fig. 1 OA to 1 OD, load equipment is used by combining DC power supplied by the solar cell 1 and the secondary battery 2 with DC power supplied by the ACZDC converter 3 for ACDC conversion of commercial power source AC. There is a direct current power supply system that drives (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
太陽電池 1、 二次電池 2、 A CZDCコンバータ 3等の複数の電源を用いた直流電力供 給システムでは、 太陽電池 1の発電量および負荷機器しの消費電力の変動に応じて、 動作 パターン (1 ) 〜 (4) を動的に切り換えている。 動作パターン (1 ) は、 太陽電池 2の 発電電力によって、 負荷機器 Lを駆動するとともに二次電池 2の充電を行う (図 1 0A参 照)。動作パターン(2)は、太陽電池 1の発電電力および二次電池 2の放電電力によって、 負荷機器 Lを駆動する (図 1 OB参照)。 動作パターン (3) は、 太陽電池 2の発電電力お よび ACZDCコンバータ 3の出力電力によって、 負荷機器 Lを駆動するとともに二次電 池 2の充電を行う (図 1 OC参照)。 動作パターン (4) は、 太陽電池 1の発電電力および 二次電池 2の放電電力および A CZDCコンバータ 3の出力電力によって、 負荷機器 Lを 駆動する (図 1 0 D参照)。 In a DC power supply system using multiple power supplies such as solar cell 1, secondary battery 2, ACZDC converter 3, etc., the operation pattern (according to the variation of the power generation of solar cell 1 and the power consumption of the load equipment) 1)-(4) are switched dynamically. In the operation pattern (1), the load device L is driven by the power generated by the solar battery 2 and the secondary battery 2 is charged (see Fig. 10A). In the operation pattern (2), the load device L is driven by the generated power of the solar cell 1 and the discharged power of the secondary cell 2 (see OB in FIG. 1). In operation pattern (3), the load device L is driven and the secondary battery 2 is charged by the generated power of the solar battery 2 and the output power of the ACZDC converter 3 (see Fig. 1 OC). The operation pattern (4) drives the load device L by the generated power of the solar cell 1, the discharged power of the secondary cell 2, and the output power of the A CZDC converter 3 (see Fig. 10D).
ここで、 動作パターンを切り換える条件としては、 太陽電池 1を優先的に負荷機器しの 駆動や二次電池 2の充電に使用することや、 A CZ D Cコンバ一タ 3が交流電力を直流電 力に変換する効率(ACZDC変換効率)の高いところで動作させること等が挙げられる。 Here, as a condition for switching the operation pattern, the solar battery 1 is preferentially used for driving the load device or charging the secondary battery 2, and the AC DC converter 3 converts AC power to DC power. Operating at a high conversion efficiency (ACZDC conversion efficiency) may be mentioned.
ACZDC変換効率は、 図 1 1に示すように、 A C D Cコンバータ 3の定格出力電力 W sより低い所定電力 Waにおいて最大 (変換効率ピーク) となる効率曲線で表される。 そして、 動作パターン (1 ) ~ (4) のいずれかで動作しながら、 二次電池 2の放電を 充電より優先させる放電優先モードと二次電池 2の充電を放電より優先させる充電優先モ -ドとを切り換えて、 システム効率の悪化を抑制しょうとしている。 The ACZDC conversion efficiency, as shown in FIG. 11, is represented by an efficiency curve which becomes maximum (conversion efficiency peak) at a predetermined power Wa lower than the rated output power Ws of the ACDC converter 3. Then, a discharge priority mode in which the discharge of the secondary battery 2 is prioritized over the charge while operating according to any of the operation patterns (1) to (4) and a charge priority mode in which the charge of the secondary battery 2 is prioritized over the discharge To reduce the deterioration of system efficiency.
放電優先モードとは、 二次電池 2の放電を充電より優先させる制御方法であり、 二次電 池 2の充電を可能な限り太陽電池 1の発電電力により行い、 ACZDCコンバータ 3を可 能な限り停止させて、 商用電源 ACの使用電力量を低減させ、 さらに二次電池 2の容量を 減少させることを目的としている。 具体的には、 AC/DCコンバータ 3を停止させて二 次電池 2の放電電力のみで、 負荷機器しの消費電力から太陽電池 1の発電電力を引いた電 力差分を補う処理 (フルカバ一放電) が優先される。 すなわち、 二次電池 2の容量を減少
させて、 太陽電池 1の発電電力に余剰分が発生した場合に二次電池 2が充電可能な状態と なるように制御される。 The discharge priority mode is a control method that gives priority to the discharge of the secondary battery 2 over the charge, and the secondary battery 2 is charged as much as possible by the generated power of the solar battery 1 and the ACZDC converter 3 is The purpose is to reduce the power consumption of the commercial power source AC and to reduce the capacity of the secondary battery 2 by stopping the system. More specifically, the AC / DC converter 3 is stopped to compensate for the power difference between the power consumed by the load device and the power generated by the solar cell 1 with only the discharged power from the secondary battery 2 (full cover discharge) ) Takes precedence. That is, the capacity of the secondary battery 2 is reduced The secondary battery 2 is controlled to be in a chargeable state when a surplus is generated in the power generated by the solar battery 1.
充電優先モードとは、 二次電池 2の充電を放電より優先させる制御方法であり、 負荷機 器 Lでの消費電力が A CZ D C変換効率ピークとなる所定電力 W aを越えた場合に二次電 池 2の放電電力を併用することによって、 A C / D Cコンパ一タ 3の出力電力を変換効率 ピークに調整する効率改善動作を行う際、 二次電池 2の放電電力が不足することを防ぐこ とを目的としている。 具体的には、 太陽電池 1の発電電力および A C Z D Cコンバータ 3 の出力電力で二次電池 2を充電して、 二次電池 2の容量を維持する制御が優先され、 太陽 電池 1および二次電池 2のみで負荷機器 Lを駆動するフル力/ 一放電を行わない。 The charge priority mode is a control method that gives priority to charging the secondary battery 2 over discharging, and when the power consumption at the load device L exceeds the predetermined power Wa at which the A CZ DC conversion efficiency peak is reached, the secondary By using the discharge power of battery 2 in combination, when performing the efficiency improvement operation of adjusting the output power of AC / DC comparator 3 to the conversion efficiency peak, it is possible to prevent the discharge power of secondary battery 2 from running short. And the purpose. Specifically, control to maintain the capacity of the secondary battery 2 by charging the secondary battery 2 with the generated power of the solar battery 1 and the output power of the ACZDC converter 3 is given priority, the solar battery 1 and the secondary battery 2 Do not do full power / one discharge to drive the load device L only.
【特許文献 1】 日本特開 2 0 0 9— 1 5 3 3 0 1号公報 [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 9-1 5 3 3 0 1
上記 2つの稼動モードによりシステム全体の動作が決定されるのであるが、 どちらの稼 動モードを選択するかによって、 全体の省エネ効果の度合いに影響を及ぼす。 Although the operation of the entire system is determined by the above two operation modes, depending on which operation mode is selected, it affects the degree of the overall energy saving effect.
例えば、 放電優先モードで頻繁に動作した場合、 二次電池 2の残容量が定常的に少ない 状態になるため、 A C Z D Cコンバータ 3の出力電力を変換効率ピークに調整する効率改 善動作を行うときに二次電池 2の放電電力を十分に確保できなくなって、 結果的に A C D Cコンバータ 3を変換効率が低いところで使用する状況になることがある。 For example, when frequently operating in the discharge priority mode, the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 2 steadily decreases, so when performing the efficiency improvement operation to adjust the output power of the ACZDC converter 3 to the conversion efficiency peak. As a result, the ACDC converter 3 may be used in a place where the conversion efficiency is low.
逆に、 充電優先モードで動作し、 A C / D Cコンバータ 3の出力電力を変換効率ピーク に調整する効率改善動作を行なうために二次電池 2の残容量を多く保持した場合、 太陽電 池 1の発電電力が負荷機器 Lの消費電力より大きく上回っても、 太陽電池 1の発電電力を 二次電池 2に充電できなくなリ、 結果的に太陽電池 1の発電電力を無駄に捨ててしまう状 況になることがある。 Conversely, when the remaining capacity of secondary battery 2 is maintained to operate in the charge priority mode and perform the efficiency improvement operation of adjusting the output power of AC / DC converter 3 to the conversion efficiency peak, Even if the power generation exceeds the power consumption of the load device L, the power generation of the solar battery 1 can not be charged to the secondary battery 2, and as a result, the power generation of the solar battery 1 is wasted. May be
このように、 天候、 時刻、 季節等によって変動する太陽電池 1の発電電力を利用し、 さ らに消費電力が時々刻々変化する負荷機器しに電力を供給しているため、 システム全体の 電力効率を最適化することが困難であった。 In this way, since the power generated by the solar cell 1 that fluctuates depending on the weather, time, season, etc. is used, and power is supplied to the load equipment whose power consumption changes momentarily, the power efficiency of the entire system It was difficult to optimize.
発明の概要 Summary of the invention
本発明は、 上記の点を鑑みてなされたものであり、 太陽電池の発電電力を利用し、 さら に消費電力が時々刻々変化する負荷に電力を供給しながら、 システム全体の電力効率を最 適化することができる直流電力供給装置、 および直流電力供給システムを提供する。 The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and it is possible to optimize the power efficiency of the entire system while using the power generated by the solar cell and supplying power to a load whose power consumption changes momentarily. DC power supply device and DC power supply system that can be
本発明の態様によれば、 太陽光によって発電する太陽電池と、 商用電源を直流電力に変 換する A C D Cコンバータと、 太陽電池および A C D Cコンバータの出力によって充 電される二次電池とを電源として、 負荷 直流電力を供給する直流電力供給装置であって、 将来の所定期間における前記太陽電池の発電量及び前記負荷の消費電気量の各推定結果に 基づいて前記二次電池の放電優先モードと前記二次電池の充電優先モードとの間でモード を切り換える直流電力供給装置が提供される。 According to an aspect of the present invention, a solar battery that generates electricity by sunlight, an ACDC converter that converts commercial power to DC power, and a secondary battery that is charged by the output of the solar battery and the ACDC converter are used as power supplies. DC power supply apparatus for supplying DC power, comprising: a discharge priority mode of the secondary battery and the second based on estimation results of the power generation amount of the solar cell and the consumed electricity amount of the load in a predetermined predetermined period in the future A DC power supply is provided that switches the mode between the charging priority mode of the secondary battery.
また、 前記直流電力供給装置は、 太陽電池の発電量を検出する発電量検出部と、 負荷の
消費電気量を検出する負荷量検出部と、 前記太陽電池の発電量および前記負荷の消費電気 量の各検出結果に基づいて、 太陽電池および二次電池および A C D Cコンバ一タの夫々 から負荷への各電力供給動作を制御する配電制御部と、 将来の所定期間における太陽電池 の発電量を推定する発電量推定部と、 将来の所定期間における負荷の消費電気量を推定す る負荷量推定部と、 前記放電優先モードと前記充電優先モードとのいずれか一方に、 将来 の所定期間における前記太陽電池の発電量及び前記負荷の消費電気量の各推定結果に基づ いて前記配電制御部の動作を切り換えるモード切換部とを備え、 記放電優先モードは、 A C Z D Cコンバータを停止させて二次電池の放電電力のみで、 負荷の消費電力から太陽電 池の発電電力を引いた電力差分を補う制御を優先させるモードであり、 前記充電優先モー ドは、 太陽電池の発電電力と A C D Cコンバータの出力電力との少なくとも一方で二次 電池を充電する制御を優先させるモードであっても良い。 Further, the DC power supply device includes: a power generation amount detection unit that detects a power generation amount of a solar cell; A load detection unit for detecting the amount of electricity consumption, and based on each detection result of the amount of electricity generation of the solar cell and the amount of electricity consumption of the load, each of the solar cell and the secondary battery and the ACDC converter applies load to the load. A distribution control unit that controls each power supply operation; a power generation amount estimation unit that estimates the power generation amount of the solar cell in a predetermined future period; and a load amount estimation unit that estimates the consumed electricity amount of the load in the future predetermined period The operation of the power distribution control unit is performed based on each estimated result of the power generation amount of the solar cell and the consumed electricity amount of the load in a future predetermined period in any one of the discharge priority mode and the charge priority mode. In the discharge priority mode, the ACZDC converter is stopped and only the discharge power of the secondary battery, and the power difference between the power consumed by the load and the power generated by the solar battery A mode gives priority to control to compensate, the charging priority mode may be a mode that prioritizes at least one control for charging the secondary battery with the generated power and the ACDC converter output power of the solar cell.
この構成によれば、 直流電力供給装置において、 太陽電池の発電電力を利用し、 さらに 消費電力が時々刻々変化する負荷に電力を供給しながら、 システム全体の電力効率を最適 化することができる。 According to this configuration, it is possible to optimize the power efficiency of the entire system while using the generated power of the solar cell and supplying power to a load whose power consumption changes momentarily in the DC power supply device.
また、 前記モード切換部ほ、 将来の所定期間に前記放電優先モードで配電制御部を動作 させた場合における商用電源の使用電気量と、 将来の所定期間に前記充電優先モードで配 電制御部を動作させた場合における商用電源の使用電気量とを、 前記太陽電池の発電量お よび負荷の消費電気量の各推定結果に基づいて演算し、 両モードのうち商用電源の使用電 気量が少ないモードを選択しても良い。 In the mode switching unit, the amount of used electricity of the commercial power supply when the distribution control unit is operated in the discharge priority mode in a predetermined future period, and the power distribution control unit in the charge priority mode in the future predetermined period. The amount of electricity used by the commercial power supply at the time of operation is calculated based on the estimated results of the amount of electricity generated by the solar cell and the amount of electricity consumed by the load, and the amount of electricity used by the commercial power supply is small in both modes. You may select the mode.
この構成によれば、 商用電源の使用電気量を抑制する方向へ制御でき、 システム全体の 電力効率を最適化することができる。 According to this configuration, control can be performed to reduce the amount of electricity used by the commercial power source, and the power efficiency of the entire system can be optimized.
また、 前記直流電力供給装置は、 前記太陽電池の発電量と負荷の消費電気量との組み合 わせに、 前記放電優先モードまたは前記充電優先モードを対応付けた切換判断情報記憶部 を更に備え、 前記モード切換部は、 前記太陽電池の発電量および負荷の消費電気量の各推 定結果に対応するモ一ドを、 切換判断情報記憶部を参照して選択しても良い。 Further, the DC power supply device further includes: a switching determination information storage unit in which the discharge priority mode or the charge priority mode is associated with a combination of the power generation amount of the solar cell and the consumption amount of load. The mode switching unit may select a mode corresponding to each estimation result of the power generation amount of the solar cell and the consumed electricity amount of the load with reference to the switching determination information storage unit.
この構成によれば、 将来における商用電源の使用電気量を導出する必要がないので、 モ 一ド切換処理の簡易化が可能となる。 According to this configuration, the mode switching process can be simplified because it is not necessary to derive the amount of electricity used for the commercial power supply in the future.
また、 前記直流電力供給装置は、 負荷の消費電気量の履歴を格納した負荷履歴記憶部を 更に備え、 前記負荷量推定部は、 前記負荷履歴記憶部を参照して、 過去の所定期間におけ る負荷の消費電気量の平均値を、 将来の所定期間における負荷の消費電気量の推定値とし ても良い。 Further, the DC power supply device further includes a load history storage unit storing a history of the amount of consumed electricity of the load, and the load amount estimation unit refers to the load history storage unit and stores the history in a past predetermined period. The average value of the electricity consumption of the load may be used as an estimate of the electricity consumption of the load in a predetermined future period.
この構成によれば、 最近の消費電気量の平均値を、 将来の消費電気量の推定値とするの で、 負荷履歴記憶部のリソースを低減しながら、 消費電気量の推定処理が可能となる。 また、 前記直流電力供給装置は、 負荷の消費電気量の履歴を格納した負荷履歴記憶部を 更に備え、 前記負荷量推定部は、 前記負荷履歴記憶部を参照して、 過去の所定期間におけ る負荷の消費電気量に基づいて将来の所定期間における負荷の消費電気量を推定しても良
い。 According to this configuration, since the average value of the recent consumption of electricity is used as the estimated value of the future consumption of electricity, it is possible to estimate the consumption of electricity while reducing the resources of the load history storage unit. . Further, the DC power supply device further includes a load history storage unit storing a history of the amount of consumed electricity of the load, and the load amount estimation unit refers to the load history storage unit and stores the history in a past predetermined period. It is good to estimate the amount of electricity consumed by the load for a given future period based on the amount of electricity consumed by the Yes.
この構成によれば、 過去の所定期間の消費電気量を、 将来の消費電気量の推定値とする ので、 消費電気量の推定精度が向上する。 According to this configuration, since the amount of electricity consumed for a predetermined period in the past is used as an estimated value of the amount of electricity consumed in the future, the estimation accuracy of the amount of electricity consumed is improved.
また、 前記直流電力供給装置は、 負荷の消費電気量の履歴を格納した負荷履歴記憶部を 更に備え、 前記負荷量推定部は、 負荷の消費電気量の履歴に基づいて将来の所定期間にお ける負荷の消費電気量を推定し、 前記モード切換部は、 前記負荷履歴記憶部に格納された 負荷の消費電気量の履歴が所定量以内の場合、 前記放電優先モードを選択しても良い。 この構成によれば、 システム起動直後であっても、 配電制御を行うことができ、 さらに は、 太陽電池の発電電力に余剰分が発生した場合に二次電池の充電にできるだけ用いるこ とができ、 太陽電池の発電電力を無駄に捨てることを抑制できる。 Further, the DC power supply device further includes a load history storage unit storing a history of the consumed electricity amount of the load, and the load amount estimating unit is configured to determine a future load period based on the history of the consumed electricity amount of the load. The mode switching unit may select the discharge priority mode if the history of the consumed electricity amount of the load stored in the load history storage unit is within a predetermined amount. According to this configuration, power distribution control can be performed even immediately after system startup, and can be used as much as possible for charging the secondary battery if a surplus is generated in the generated power of the solar battery. It is possible to suppress waste of the power generated by solar cells.
また、 前記直流電力供給装置は、 1年間を分割した各期間における太陽電池の発電量を 設定した発電量記憶部を更に備え、 前記発電量推定部は、 前記発電量記憶部を参照して将 来の所定期間における太陽電池の発電量を推定しても良い。 In addition, the DC power supply device further includes a power generation amount storage unit in which the power generation amount of the solar cell is set in each period obtained by dividing one year, and the power generation amount estimation unit refers to the power generation amount storage unit. The amount of power generation of the solar cell in the next predetermined period may be estimated.
この構成によれば、 発電量の履歴を格納する必要がなく、 簡易な構成で、 将来の太陽電 池の発電量を推定することができる。 According to this configuration, it is not necessary to store the history of power generation, and it is possible to estimate the future power generation of the solar battery with a simple configuration.
また、 前記直流電力供給装置は、 太陽電池の発電量の履歴を格納した発電履歴記憶部を 更に備え、 前記発電量推定部は、 太陽電池の発電量の履歴に基づいて将来の所定期間にお ける太陽電池の発電量を推定しても良い。 Further, the DC power supply device further includes a power generation history storage unit storing a history of power generation amount of the solar cell, and the power generation amount estimation unit is configured to determine a future power generation period based on the power generation history of the solar cell. It is also possible to estimate the amount of power generation of the solar cell.
この構成によれば、 発電量の履歴に基づいて将来の発電量を推定するので、 推定精度が 向上する。 According to this configuration, since the future generation amount is estimated based on the history of the generation amount, estimation accuracy is improved.
また、 前記発電量推定部は、 前記発電履歴記憶部を参照して、 過去の所定期間における 太陽電池の発電量の平均値を、 将来の所定期間における太陽電池の発電量の推定値として も良い。 In addition, the power generation amount estimation unit may refer to the power generation history storage unit, and use the average value of the power generation amount of the solar cell in a predetermined period in the past as the estimated value of the power generation amount of the solar cell in a predetermined future period. .
この構成によれば、 最近の発電量の平均値を、 将来の発電量の推定値とするので、 発電 履歴記憶部のリソースを低減しながら、 発電量の推定処理が可能となる。 According to this configuration, since the average value of the latest power generation amount is used as the estimated value of the future power generation amount, it is possible to estimate the power generation amount while reducing the resources of the power generation history storage unit.
また、 前記発電量推定部は、 前記発電履歴記憶部を参照して、 過去の所定期間における 太陽電池の発電量に基づいて将来の所定期間における太陽電池の発電量を推定しても良い。 Further, the power generation amount estimation unit may estimate the power generation amount of the solar cell in a future predetermined period based on the power generation amount of the solar cell in the past predetermined period with reference to the power generation history storage unit.
この構成によれば、 過去の所定期間の発電量を、 将来の発電量の推定値とするので、 発 電量の推定精度が向上する。 According to this configuration, since the power generation amount in the past predetermined period is used as the estimated value of the power generation amount in the future, the estimation accuracy of the power generation amount is improved.
また、 前記モード切換部は、 前記二次電池の劣化状態を監視する二次電池監視手段を備 え、二次電池の劣化状態が大きいほど、充電優先モードを選択する回数を低減しても良い。 The mode switching unit may further include: a secondary battery monitoring unit that monitors a degradation state of the secondary battery, and the number of times of selecting the charge priority mode may be reduced as the degradation state of the secondary battery is larger. .
この構成によれば、 二次電池の劣化進行が抑制される。 According to this configuration, the progress of deterioration of the secondary battery is suppressed.
本発明の他の態様によれば、 太陽電池と、 商用電源を直流電力に変換する A C Z D Cコ ンバ一タと、 太陽電池および A C Z D Cコンバータの出力によって充電される二次電池と、 太陽電池、 A C Z D Cコンバータ、 二次電池を電源として、 負荷へ直流電力を供給する直 流電力供給装置とで構成され、 前記直流電力供給装置は、 将来の所定期間における前記太
陽電池の発電量及び前記負荷の消費電気量の各推定結果に基づき、 前記二次電池の放電優 先モードと前記二次電池の充電優先モードとの間でモードを切り換える直流電力供給シス テムが提供される。 According to another aspect of the present invention, a solar cell, an ACZDC converter for converting commercial power to DC power, a secondary battery charged by the output of the solar cell and the ACZDC converter, a solar cell, an ACZDC converter And a direct current power supply device for supplying DC power to a load using a secondary battery as a power supply, wherein the DC power supply device is configured to: The DC power supply system switches the mode between the discharge priority mode of the secondary battery and the charge priority mode of the secondary battery based on each estimation result of the amount of power generation of the positive battery and the amount of electricity consumption of the load. Provided.
また、 前記直流電力供給装置は、 前記太陽電池の発電量を検出する発電量検出部と、 前 記負荷の消費電気量を検出する負荷量検出部と、 前記太陽電池の発電量および前記負荷の 消費電気量の各検出結果に基づいて、 前記太陽電池および二次電池および A C D Cコン バータの夫々から前記負荷への各電力供給動作を制御する配電制御部と、 将来の所定期問 における前記太陽電池の発電量を推定する発電量推定部と、 将来の所定期間における前記 負荷の消費電気量を推定する負荷量推定部と、 前記放電優先モードと前記充電優先モード とのいずれか一方に、 将来の所定期間における前記太陽電池の発電量及び前記負荷の消費 電気量の各推定結果に基づき、 前記配電制御部の動作を切り換えるモード切換手段とを備 え、 前記放電優先モードは、 A C / D Cコンバータを停止させて前記二次電池の放電電力 のみで、 負荷の消費電力から太陽電池の発電電力を引いた電力差分を補う制御を優先させ るモードであり、 前記充電優先モードは、 太陽電池の発電電力と A C / D Cコンバータの 出力電力との少なくとも一方で二次電池を充電する制御を優先させるモードであっても良 い。 Further, the DC power supply device includes: a power generation amount detection unit that detects a power generation amount of the solar cell; a load amount detection unit that detects a consumption amount of electricity of the load; A distribution control unit that controls each power supply operation from the solar cell and secondary battery and ACDC converter to the load based on each detection result of the consumed electricity amount; and the solar cell in a predetermined period in the future A power generation amount estimation unit for estimating the power generation amount of the load, a load amount estimation unit for estimating the consumed electricity amount of the load in a predetermined future period, and one of the discharge priority mode and the charge priority mode And mode switching means for switching the operation of the power distribution control unit based on estimation results of the power generation amount of the solar cell and the consumed electricity amount of the load in a predetermined period, and the discharge priority mode. In this mode, priority is given to control that compensates for the power difference between the power consumed by the load and the power generated by the solar cell by stopping the AC / DC converter, and the charge priority mode. In this mode, priority may be given to control for charging the secondary battery with at least one of the generated power of the solar battery and the output power of the AC / DC converter.
この構成によれば、 直流電力供給システムにおいて、 太陽電池の発電電力を利用し、 さ らに消費電力が時々刻々変化する負荷に電力を供給しながら、 システム全体の電力効率を 最適化することができる。 発明の効果 According to this configuration, in the DC power supply system, it is possible to optimize the power efficiency of the entire system while utilizing the generated power of the solar cell and supplying power to the load whose power consumption changes momentarily. it can. Effect of the invention
以上説明したように、本発明では、太陽電池の発電電力を利用し、 さらに消費電力が時々 刻々変化する負荷に電力を供給しながら、 システム全体の電力効率を最適化することがで きるという効果がある。 As described above, according to the present invention, the power efficiency of the entire system can be optimized while using the power generated by the solar cell and supplying power to the load whose power consumption changes momentarily. There is.
図面の簡単な説明 Brief description of the drawings
本発明の目的及び特徴は以下のような添付図面を参照する以後の好ましい実施例の説明 により明確になる。 The objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
【図 1】 実施形態 1のシステム構成を示す図である。 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a system configuration of a first embodiment.
【図 2】 同上の配電制御のフローチャートを示す図である。 FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a flow chart of distribution control of the above.
【図 3 A】 同上の稼動モ一ド設定のフローチャートを示す図である。 FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a flowchart of operation mode setting of the above.
【図 3 B】 同上の稼動モード判定のフローチャートを示す図である。 FIG. 3B is a view showing a flowchart of operation mode determination of the above.
【図 4】 同上の発電量テーブルの構造を示す図である。 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the structure of a power generation amount table of the same.
【図 5】 同上の放電電流の上限値設定のフローチヤ一トを示す図である。 FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a flow chart of setting the upper limit value of the discharge current of the same.
【図 6】 実施形態 2のシステム構成を示す図である。 6 is a diagram showing a system configuration of Embodiment 2. FIG.
【図 7】 同上の切換判断テーブルの構造を示す図である。
【図 8】 同上の充電優先モード重み付け特性を示す図である。 <Figure 7> It is the figure which shows the structure of the same switch decision table. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a charging priority mode weighting characteristic of the same.
【図 9】 実施形態 4のシステム構成を示す図である。 FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a system configuration of a fourth embodiment.
【図 1 OA】 〜 【図 1 OD】 従来のシステム構成、 動作を示す図である。 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a conventional system configuration and operation.
【図 1 1】 AC/DCコンバータの変換効率特性を示す図である。 発明を実施するため最良の形態 FIG. 11 is a diagram showing conversion efficiency characteristics of an AC / DC converter. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
以下、 本発明の実施形態が本明細書の一部を成す添付図面を参照してより詳細に説明す る。 図面全体において同一又は類似する部分については同一参照符号を付して説明を省略 する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings which form a part of the present specification. The same reference symbols are attached to the same or similar parts throughout the drawings and the description is omitted.
(実施形態 1 ) (Embodiment 1)
本実施形態の直流電力供給システムは、 図 1に示すように、 太陽電池 1、 二次電池 2、 A CZDCコンバータ 3を設けており、直流電力供給装置 4は、太陽電池 1、二次電池 2、 ACZDCコンバータ 3を電源として、 負荷機器 Lへ供給する直流電力を制御する。 太陽電池 1は、 太陽光によって発電し、 出力電圧を昇圧若しくは降圧して所定の直流電 圧を出力する DCZDCコンバータ (図示せず) を備えている。 ACZDCコンバータ 3 は、 商用電源 A Cを直流電力に変換して所定の直流電圧を出力する A C D C変換手段を 構成している。 二次電池 2は、 充¾部 2 aによって太陽電池 1の発電電力と ACZDCコ ンバータ 3の出力電力との少なくとも一方を用いて充電され、 放電部 2 bによって負荷機 器し側へ放電される。 なお、 二次電池 2は、 例えばニッケル水素電池またはリチウムィォ ン電池からなり、 放電部 2 bには二次電池 2の放電電圧を昇圧若しくは降圧して所定の直 流電圧を出力する D C/D Cコンバ一タが設けられている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the direct current power supply system of the present embodiment includes a solar cell 1, a secondary cell 2, and an AC DC converter 3, and the direct current power supply device 4 includes a solar cell 1 and a secondary cell 2. The ACZDC converter 3 is used as a power source to control DC power supplied to the load device L. The solar cell 1 is provided with a DCZDC converter (not shown) that generates electric power by sunlight, and boosts or lowers the output voltage to output a predetermined DC voltage. The ACZDC converter 3 constitutes ACDC conversion means for converting commercial power source AC into DC power and outputting a predetermined DC voltage. The secondary battery 2 is charged by at least one of the generated power of the solar cell 1 and the output power of the ACZDC converter 3 by the charging unit 2a, and discharged to the load side by the discharging unit 2b. . The secondary battery 2 is, for example, a nickel hydrogen battery or a lithium ion battery, and a DC / DC converter which boosts or lowers the discharge voltage of the secondary battery 2 to the discharge portion 2 b and outputs a predetermined DC voltage. The power is provided.
直流電力供給装置 4は、 太陽電池 1、 二次電池 2、 AC/DCコンバータ 3を電源とし て、 負荷機器 Lへ供給する直流電力を制御しており、 発電量検出部 4 aと、 負荷量検出部 4 と、 配電制御部 4 cと、 発電量記憶部 4 dと、 発電量推定部 4 eと、 負荷履歴記憶部 4 f と、 負荷量推定部 4 gと、 モード切換部 4 hとで構成される。 The DC power supply device 4 controls the DC power to be supplied to the load device L using the solar battery 1, the secondary battery 2 and the AC / DC converter 3 as a power source. Detection unit 4, Distribution control unit 4c, Generation amount storage unit 4d, Generation amount estimation unit 4e, Load history storage unit 4f, Load amount estimation unit 4g, Mode switching unit 4h It consists of
発電量検出部 4 aは、 太陽電池 1の発電電流から発電電力及び発電電力量、 二次電池 2 の充放電電力、 ACZDCコンバータ 3の出力電力を検出し、 負荷量検出部 4 bは、 直流 電力供給装置 4の出力電流から負荷機器 Lの消費電力および消費電力量 (直流電力供給装 置 4の出力電力および出力電力量) を検出し、 配電制御部 4 cは、 発電量検出部 4 aおよ び負荷量検出部 4 bの各検出結果に基づいて、 太陽電池 1および二次電池 2および AC/ D Cコンバ一タ 3の夫々から負荷への各電力供給動作を制御する。 The power generation amount detection unit 4 a detects the generated power and the generated power amount from the generated current of the solar cell 1, the charge / discharge power of the secondary battery 2, and the output power of the ACZDC converter 3. The power consumption and power consumption of the load device L (output power and output power of the DC power supply device 4) are detected from the output current of the power supply device 4, and the power distribution control unit 4c detects the power generation amount detection unit 4a. And, based on the detection results of the load amount detection unit 4 b, the power supply operation from the solar cell 1 and the secondary battery 2 and the AC / DC converter 3 to the load is controlled.
配電制御部 4 cは、 現在の負荷機器しの消費電力から現在の太陽電池 1の発電電力を引 いた電力差分を導出し、 この電力差分に基づいて、 二次電池 2の制御方法 (充電■放電- 停止)、 ACZDCコンバータ 3の出力制御を行っており、 この配電制御部 4 cによる配電 制御について図 2のフローチヤ一トを用いて説明する。 The distribution control unit 4c derives a power difference obtained by subtracting the current generated power of the solar cell 1 from the power consumption of the current load device, and based on this power difference, the control method of the secondary battery 2 Discharge control is performed, and the output control of the ACZDC converter 3 is performed. The power distribution control by the power distribution control unit 4c will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
まず、 配電制御部 4 cは、 現在の負荷機器 Lの消費電力から現在の太陽電池 1の発電電
力を引いた電力差分として、 二次電池 2の充放電を停止させた状態で AC/DCコンパ一 タ 3の現在の出力電流 (以降、 A CZDCコンバータ 3の判定電流と称す) を用い、 この ACZDCコンバータ 3の判定電流が 0 (A) を超えているか否か (すなわち、 AC D Cコンバータ 3の出力の有無) を判定する (S 1 )。 ACZDCコンバータ 3の出力があれ ば、 この A CZD Cコンバータ 3の出力 (電力差分) を、 二次電池 2の放電電力によって 全て賄えるか否か (すなわち、 フルカバ一放電が可能か否か) を判定する (S 2)。 この判 定処理では、 二次電池 2の放電電流に後述のモード設定に応じた上限値 (放電上限値) が 設定されており、 フルカバー放電に必要な放電電流(判定電流) が放電上限値内であれば、 フル力/く一放電が可能であると判定される。 二次電池 2のフル力/、'一放電が可能であると 判断すると、 ACZDCコンバータ 3の出力を停止し、 二次電池 2がフルカバ一放電を開 始する (S 3)。 但し、 二次電池 2の残容量が下限に達している等によって放電が不可能で ある場合には、 後述のステップ S 4に進む。 First of all, the distribution control unit 4 c generates power from the current load device L and generates power from the current solar cell 1. Using the current output current of AC / DC comparator 3 (hereinafter referred to as the judgment current of ACZDC converter 3) as the power difference from which the power is drawn, with charging / discharging of secondary battery 2 being stopped, It is determined whether the determination current of the ACZDC converter 3 exceeds 0 (A) (that is, the presence or absence of the output of the AC DC converter 3) (S 1). If the output of ACZDC converter 3 is available, it is determined whether the output (power difference) of ACZDC converter 3 can be completely covered by the discharge power of secondary battery 2 (that is, whether full coverage can be discharged). (S2). In this determination process, the discharge current of secondary battery 2 is set to the upper limit (discharge upper limit) according to the mode setting described later, and the discharge current (determination current) required for full cover discharge is the discharge upper limit. If it is inside, it is judged that full force / discharge is possible. If it is judged that full power / 'one discharge of the secondary battery 2 is possible, the output of the ACZDC converter 3 is stopped, and the secondary battery 2 starts full discharge (S3). However, if discharge is not possible because the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 2 has reached the lower limit, the process proceeds to step S4 described later.
AC D Cコンバータ 3の判定電流が放電上限値を超えていれば、 二次電池 2のフル力 バー放電は不可能であると判断して、 次に、 ACZDCコンパ一タ 3の判定電流が、 AC /DC変換効率のピーク近傍となる電流範囲であるか否か (既設定の電流範囲内にあるか 否か) を判定する (S 4)。 すなわち、 ACZDCコンバータ 3が図 1 1における所定電力 W a近傍で動作しているか否かを判定しておリ、 A CZD Cコンバータ 3の判定電流が、 ACZDC変換効率のピーク近傍となる電流範囲であれば (a 3)、 二次電池 2の充放電を 停止し、 ACZDCコンバータ 3は変換効率ピーク付近での出力動作を継続する (S 5)。 ステップ S 4において、 A CZD Cコンバータ 3の判定電流が、 ACZDC変換効率の ピーク近傍となる電流範囲より小さければ (a 1 )、 二次電池 2の充電が可能であるか否か を判定する (S 6)。 二次電池 2の容量が充電リミットに達しておれば、 充電不可能と判定 され、 二次電池 2の充放電を停止し、 ACZDCコンバータ 3は変換効率が低下した状態 での出力動作を継続する (S 7)。 If the judgment current of the AC DC converter 3 exceeds the discharge upper limit value, it is judged that full power bar discharge of the secondary battery 2 is impossible, and next, the judgment current of the ACZ DC comparator 3 is AC It is determined whether or not the current range is in the vicinity of the peak of the / DC conversion efficiency (whether or not it is within the preset current range) (S4). That is, it is determined whether the ACZDC converter 3 is operating near the predetermined power Wa in FIG. 11 or not, in the current range where the determination current of the ACZDC converter 3 is near the peak of the ACZDC conversion efficiency. If it exists (a3), charging / discharging of the secondary battery 2 is stopped, and the ACZDC converter 3 continues the output operation near the conversion efficiency peak (S5). In step S4, if the determination current of the ACZDC converter 3 is smaller than the current range near the peak of the ACZDC conversion efficiency (a 1), it is determined whether or not the secondary battery 2 can be charged S 6). If the capacity of the secondary battery 2 has reached the charge limit, it is determined that charging is not possible, charging / discharging of the secondary battery 2 is stopped, and the ACZDC converter 3 continues the output operation with the conversion efficiency lowered. (S 7).
二次電池 2の容量が充電リミットに達していなければ、 充電可能と判定され、 次に、 A C DCコンバータ 3が変換効率ピークで動作したときの出力電流 (図 1 1の所定電力 W aで動作したときの出力電流であり、 以降、 効率ピ一ク電流と称す) から、 ACZDCコ ンバータ 3の判定電流を引いた値が、 二次電池 2を充電可能な電流範囲内 (以降、 充電可 能範囲と称す) であるか否かを判定する (S 8)。 効率ピーク電流から AC/DCコンパ一 タ 3の判定電流を引いた値が充電可能範囲内であれば(b 1 )、二次電池 2の充電を開始し、 A CZD Cコンバータ 3は出力電流を増加させて変換効率ピークでの動作に移行する (S 9)。 または、 効率ピーク電流から ACZDCコンバータ 3の判定電流を引いた値が充電可 能範囲以上であれば (b 2)、 二次電池 2の充電を開始し、 AC/DCコンバータ 3は出力 電流を増加させる。 この場合、 AC/DCコンバータ 3の出力電流は最大充電電流と判定 電流との和になるが、 効率ピーク電流より小さくなリ、 ACZDCコンバータ 3は変換効 率が低下した状態で出力動作を行う (S 1 0)。 または、 効率ピーク電流から ACZDCコ
ンバータ 3の判定電流を引いた値が充電可能範囲以下であれば (b 3)、 二次電池 2の充電 が不可能となって充放電を停止し、 A CZD Cコンバータ 3は変換効率が低下した状態で の出力動作を継続する (S 1 1 )。 If the capacity of the secondary battery 2 does not reach the charge limit, it is determined that charging is possible, and then the output current when the AC DC converter 3 operates at the conversion efficiency peak (operable at the predetermined power Wa in FIG. The value obtained by subtracting the judgment current of the ACZDC converter 3 from the output current at the time of charging (hereinafter referred to as the efficiency peak current) is within the current range in which the secondary battery 2 can be charged (hereinafter, chargeable It is determined whether or not the range is referred to (S8). If the value obtained by subtracting the judgment current of the AC / DC comparator 3 from the efficiency peak current is within the chargeable range (b 1), charging of the secondary battery 2 is started, and the ACZDC converter 3 outputs the output current. The operation is increased to shift to the conversion efficiency peak operation (S 9). Alternatively, if the value obtained by subtracting the determination current of the ACZDC converter 3 from the efficiency peak current is above the chargeable range (b 2), charging of the secondary battery 2 is started, and the AC / DC converter 3 increases the output current. Let In this case, although the output current of AC / DC converter 3 is the sum of the maximum charging current and the determination current, the ACZDC converter 3 performs the output operation in a state where the conversion efficiency is reduced. S 10). Or from the efficiency peak current to If the value obtained by subtracting the determination current of converter 3 is below the chargeable range (b 3), charging of secondary battery 2 becomes impossible and charging / discharging is stopped, and conversion efficiency of ACZDC converter 3 decreases. Continue the output operation under the condition (S1 1).
ステップ S 4において、 ACZDCコンバータ 3の判定電流が、 AC/DC変換効率の ピーク近傍となる電流範囲より大きければ (a 2)、 二次電池 2の放電が可能であるか否か を判定する (S 1 2)。 二次電池 2の容量が放電リミツトょリ低下しておれば、 放電不可能 と判定され、 二次電池 2の充放電を停止し、 A CZDCコンバータ 3は変換効率が低下し た状態での出力動作を継続する (S 1 3)。 In step S4, if the determination current of the ACZDC converter 3 is larger than the current range near the peak of the AC / DC conversion efficiency (a 2), it is determined whether or not the secondary battery 2 can be discharged S 1 2). If the capacity of the secondary battery 2 is discharged, the battery is judged to be incapable of discharging, and charging / discharging of the secondary battery 2 is stopped, and the ACZDC converter 3 outputs with the conversion efficiency lowered. Continue the operation (S1 3).
二次電池 2の容量が放電リミットより低下していなければ、放電可能と判定され、次に、 A CZD Cコンバータ 3の判定電流から効率ピーク電流を引いた値が、 二次電池 2を放電 可能な電流範囲内 (以降、 放電可能範囲と称す) であるか否かを判定する (S 1 4)。 AC ノ D Cコンバータ 3の判定電流から効率ピーク電流を引いた値が放電可能範囲内であれば (c 1 )、 二次電池 2の放電を開始し、 A CZDCコンバータ 3は出力電流を減少させて変 換効率ピークでの動作に移行する (S 1 5)。 または、 AC/DCコンバータ 3の判定電流 から効率ピーク電流を引いた値が放電可能範囲以上であれば (c 2)、 二次電池 2の放電を 開始し、 A CZDCコンバータ 3は出力電流を減少させる。 この場合、 AC/DCコンパ —タ 3の出力電流は効率ピ一ク電流よリ大きくなリ、 A C D Cコンバータ 3は変換効率 が低下した状態で出力動作を行う (S 1 6)。 または、 A CZDCコンバータ 3の判定電流 から効率ピーク電流を引いた値が放電可能範囲以下であれば (c 3)、 二次電池 2の放電が 不可能となって充放電を停止し、 A C/D Cコンバータ 3は変換効率が低下した状態での 出力動作を継続する (S 1 7)。 If the capacity of the secondary battery 2 is not lower than the discharge limit, it is determined that the battery can be discharged, and then the value obtained by subtracting the efficiency peak current from the determination current of the ACZDC converter 3 can discharge the secondary battery 2 It is determined whether or not the current is within the current range (hereinafter referred to as the dischargeable range) (S14). If the value obtained by subtracting the efficiency peak current from the judgment current of the AC non-DC converter 3 falls within the dischargeable range (c 1), the secondary battery 2 starts discharging, and the AC Z DC converter 3 reduces the output current Shift to conversion efficiency peak operation (S15). Alternatively, if the value obtained by subtracting the efficiency peak current from the judgment current of the AC / DC converter 3 exceeds the dischargeable range (c 2), discharge of the secondary battery 2 is started, and the A CZDC converter 3 reduces the output current Let In this case, the output current of the AC / DC comparator 3 is larger than the efficiency peak current, and the ADC converter 3 performs the output operation with the conversion efficiency lowered (S 16). Alternatively, if the value obtained by subtracting the efficiency peak current from the judgment current of ACZDC converter 3 is below the dischargeable range (c 3), the secondary battery 2 can not be discharged and charging / discharging is stopped. The DC converter 3 continues the output operation with the conversion efficiency lowered (S17).
また、 ステップ S 1において ACZDCコンバータ 3の出力がなければ、 二次電池 2の 充電が可能であるか否かを判定する (S 1 8)。 二次電池 2の容量が充電リミットに達して いなければ、 充電可能と判定され、 AC/DCコンバータ 3を停止させた状態で、 太陽電 池 1の発電電力による二次電池 2の充電を開始する (S 1 9)。 二次電池 2の容量が充電リ ミットに達しておれば、 充電不可能と判定され、 A CZDCコンバータ 3を停止させた状 態で二次電池 2の充放電を停止する (S 20)。 In addition, if there is no output of the ACZ DC converter 3 in step S1, it is determined whether or not the secondary battery 2 can be charged (S18). If the capacity of the secondary battery 2 does not reach the charge limit, it is determined that charging is possible, and charging of the secondary battery 2 by the power generated by the solar battery 1 is started with the AC / DC converter 3 stopped. Do (S 19). If the capacity of the secondary battery 2 has reached the charge limit, it is determined that charging is not possible, and charging / discharging of the secondary battery 2 is stopped in a state where the ACZDC converter 3 is stopped (S20).
さらに、 モード切換部 4 hは、 上記図 2に示す配電制御において、 二次電池 2の放電を 充電より優先させる放電優先モードと二次電池 2の充電を放電より優先させる充電優先モ —ドとを切り換えることで、 システム効率を向上させている。 上記ステップ S 2では、 A CZDCコンバータ 3の出力を、 二次電池 2の放電電力によって全て賄えるか否か (すな わち、 フルカバー放電が可能か否か) を判定しており、 この判定処理では、 二次電池 2の 放電電流にモード設定に応じた放電上限値が設定され、 フルカバ一放電で出力する放電電 流が放電上限値内であれば、 フルカバ一放電が可能であると判定される。 そして、 稼動モ —ドの切換は、 フルカバ一放電における放電上限値の切換によって行われる。 以下、 この 稼動モードの切換について説明する。
まず、 放電優先モードとは、 二次電池 2の放電を充電より優先させる制御方法であり、 二次電池 2の充電を可能な限リ太陽電池 1の発電電力によリ行い、 A C D Cコンバ一タ 3を可能な限り停止させて、 商用電源 A Cの使用電力量を低減させ、 さらに二次電池 2の 容量を減少させることを目的としている。 具体的には、 A C D Cコンパ一タ 3を停止さ せて二次電池 2の放電電力のみで、 負荷機器しの消費電力から太陽電池 1の発電電力を引 いた電力差分を補う処理が優先される。 すなわち、 二次電池 2の容量を減少させて、 太陽 電池 1の発電電力に余剰分が発生した場合に二次電池 2が充電可能な状態となるように制 御される。 Furthermore, in the distribution control shown in FIG. 2 above, mode switching unit 4 h has a discharge priority mode in which the discharge of secondary battery 2 is prioritized over charge and a charge priority mode in which the charge of secondary battery 2 is prioritized over discharge. By switching, system efficiency is improved. In step S 2 above, it is determined whether the output of the ACZDC converter 3 can be fully compensated by the discharge power of the secondary battery 2 (that is, whether full cover discharge is possible or not). In the process, the discharge current of secondary battery 2 is set to the discharge upper limit according to the mode setting, and it is determined that full cover discharge is possible if the discharge current output in full cover discharge is within the discharge upper limit. Be done. And, switching of the operation mode is performed by switching of the discharge upper limit value in the full cover discharge. The switching of the operation mode will be described below. First, the discharge priority mode is a control method in which the discharge of the secondary battery 2 is given priority over the charge, and the charge of the secondary battery 2 is limited by the generated power of the solar battery 1 as much as possible. The purpose is to stop 3 as much as possible to reduce the amount of power used by the commercial power supply AC and further reduce the capacity of the secondary battery 2. Specifically, the process of compensating for the power difference between the power consumed by the load device and the power generated by the solar cell 1 with only the discharged power of the secondary battery 2 with the ACDC compound 3 stopped is prioritized. . That is, the capacity of the secondary battery 2 is reduced, and the secondary battery 2 is controlled to be in a chargeable state when a surplus is generated in the generated power of the solar cell 1.
充電優先モードとは、 二次電池 2の充電を放電より優先させる制御方法であり、 負荷機 器 Lでの消費電力が A C D C変換効率ピークとなる所定電力 W aを越えた場合に二次電 池 2の放電電力を併用することによって、 A C Z D Cコンバータ 3の出力電力を変換効率 ピークに調整する効率改善動作を行う際、 二次電池 2の放電電力が不足することを防ぐこ とを目的としている。 具体的には、 太陽電池 1の発電電力および A C Z D Cコンバータ 3 の出力電力で二次電池 2を充電して、 二次電池 2の容量を維持する制御が優先され、 太陽 電池 1および二次電池 2のみで負荷機器 Lを駆動するフル力/、'一放電を行わない。 The charge priority mode is a control method that gives priority to the charge of the secondary battery 2 over the discharge, and the secondary battery is charged when the power consumption of the load device L exceeds the predetermined power Wa at which the ACDC conversion efficiency peak is reached. The purpose is to prevent the discharge power of the secondary battery 2 from running short when performing the efficiency improvement operation of adjusting the output power of the ACZ DC converter 3 to the conversion efficiency peak by using the discharge power of 2. Specifically, control to maintain the capacity of the secondary battery 2 by charging the secondary battery 2 with the generated power of the solar battery 1 and the output power of the ACZDC converter 3 is given priority, the solar battery 1 and the secondary battery 2 Only load equipment full power to drive L /, 'do not discharge.
そしてモード切換部 4 hは、 太陽電池 1が発電を開始する前の午前 6時 (この時刻は季 節によって変動してもよい) に、 図 3 Aのフローチャートに示す稼動モードの設定処理を 行い (例えば、 1回 日)、 当該設定した稼動モードを、 本日の午前 6時〜翌朝 5時 5 9分 までの 1 日 (以降、 この 1 曰の期間を本日と称す) の間、 維持する。 まず、 システム起動 後、 例えば 1週間経過したか否かを判定し (S 3 1 )、 システム起動後、 1週間経過してい る場合は、 稼動モードの判定処理を行う (S 3 2 )。 The mode switching unit 4 h performs the process of setting the operation mode shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3A at 6 am (this time may vary depending on the season) before the solar cell 1 starts power generation. (For example, once a day) Maintain the set operation mode for one day from 6 am to 5:59 am of the following day (hereinafter, this one period will be referred to as today). First, it is determined, for example, whether one week has passed after system startup (S 31), and if one week has elapsed since system startup, processing for determining the operation mode is performed (S 32).
ステップ S 3 2における稼動モ一ドの判定処理は、 図 3 Bのフローチヤ一卜に示され、 現在より将来の所定期間における太陽電池 1の発電量および負荷機器 Lの消費電力量の各 推定結果に基づいて稼動モードを判定する。 The determination process of the operation mode in step S32 is shown in the flow chart of FIG. 3B, and each estimation result of the power generation amount of the solar cell 1 and the power consumption amount of the load device L in a predetermined period in the future from now. Determine the operating mode based on
まず発電量記憶部 4 dには、 図 4に示すように、 1年間を季節毎に分割した各期間にお ける太陽電池 1の一般的な発電量を予め設定した発電量テーブル T B 1が格納されている。 発電量テーブル T B 1は、 季節を 「夏」 「春/秋」 「冬」 に分け、 さらに季節毎に天候 「快 晴」 「晴れ」 「晴れ時々くもり」 「くもり」 「雨」 に各々対応させた発電量 (A h ) を予め設 定している。 そして、 発電量推定部 4 eは、 図示しないインタ一ネット接続手段を具備し ており、 インターネット上のサーバから本日の天気予報情報を取得し、 発電量テーブル T B 1を参照して、 季節と天気予報情報とに基づいた本日の発電量を推定する (S 4 1 )。 し たがって、 発電量の履歴を格納する必要がなく、 簡易な構成で、 太陽電池 1の本日の発電 量を推定することができる。 First, as shown in FIG. 4, the power generation amount storage unit 4d stores a power generation amount table TB 1 in which a general power generation amount of the solar cell 1 in each period divided into seasons is preset. It is done. The power generation table TB 1 divides the seasons into “summer”, “spring / autumn” and “winter”, and further corresponds to the weather “cleanly”, “finely”, “smoothly cloudy”, “cloudy” and “rain” each season. The amount of power generation (A h) is set in advance. Then, the power generation amount estimation unit 4 e is equipped with an internet connection means (not shown), acquires today's weather forecast information from a server on the Internet, refers to the power generation amount table TB 1, and Estimate today's power generation based on the forecast information (S 4 1). Therefore, it is not necessary to store the history of the amount of power generation, and it is possible to estimate the amount of power generation of the solar battery 1 with a simple configuration.
負荷履歴記憶部 4 f には、 負荷量検出部 4 bが検出した負荷機器 Lの消費電力量の過去 1週間の履歴が日単位で格納されており、 負荷量推定部 4 gは、 負荷履歴記憶部 4 f を参 照して、過去 1週間における消費電力量の平均値、例えば所定時間単位当たりの平均値を、
本日の消費電力量の推定値、例えば所定時間単位当たりの推定値とする(S 4 2 )。そして、 1 日毎に、 最も古い日の履歴を削除するとともに前日の履歴を追加し、 過去 1週間におけ る消費電力量の平均値を本日の消費電力量の推定値として更新する。 このように、 最近の 消費電力量の平均値を、 本日の消費電力量の推定値とするので、 負荷履歴記憶部 4 f のリ ソースを低減しながら、 消費電力量の推定処理が可能となる。 The load history storage unit 4 f stores the history of the power consumption of the load device L detected by the load amount detection unit 4 b for the past one week on a daily basis, and the load amount estimation unit 4 g With reference to the storage unit 4 f, the average value of the power consumption in the past week, for example, the average value per predetermined time unit, The estimated value of the power consumption of the present day, for example, the estimated value per predetermined time unit is set (S 4 2). Then, the history of the oldest day is deleted and the history of the previous day is added every day, and the average value of the power consumption in the past one week is updated as the estimated value of the power consumption today. As described above, since the average value of the recent power consumption is used as the estimated value of the current power consumption, it is possible to estimate the power consumption while reducing the resources of the load history storage unit 4 f. .
そして、 モード切換部 4 hは、 本日の発電量および本日の消費電力量の推定結果を用い て、 充電優先モードで配電制御部 4 cを動作させたときの商用電源 A Cの本日の実質使用 量を導出し、 さらに放電優先モードで配電制御部 4 cを動作させたときの商用電源 A Cの 本日の実質使用量を導出する (S 4 3 )。 The mode switching unit 4 h uses the power generation amount of the present day and the estimation result of the power consumption amount of the present day, and the actual usage amount of the commercial power source AC when the distribution control unit 4 c is operated in the charge priority mode. Are derived, and the actual usage of the commercial power source AC when the distribution control unit 4 c is operated in the discharge priority mode is further derived (S 43).
ステップ S 4 3における商用電源 A Cの本日の実質使用量の導出処理について、 以下説 明する。 The process for deriving today's actual usage of the commercial power source AC in step S43 will be described below.
まず、 毎日の午前 6時の時点で、 S 4 1で推定した太陽電池 1の本日の発電量と、 S 4 2で推定した本日の消費電力量とを用いて、 本日の午前 6時〜翌朝 5時 5 9分までの 1日 に対して、 放電優先モードと充電優先モ一ドの両モードの場合における商用電源 A Cの使 用電力量シミュレーションを各々行う。 この商用電源 A Cの本日の使用電力量を求めるシ ミュレーシヨンは、 例えば 1分、 1 0分等の一定時間単位で計算され、 この一定時間単位 の計算結果を積算したものが、 本日の商用電源 A Cの使用電力量となる。 First, at 6 am every day, using today's power generation amount of the solar cell 1 estimated in S 4 1 and today's power consumption amount estimated in S 4 2, today's 6 am to the next morning For each day until 5:59, the power consumption simulation of the commercial power AC in the case of both the discharge priority mode and the charge priority mode is performed. The simulation for determining the power consumption of this commercial power source AC today is calculated, for example, in fixed time units such as 1 minute and 10 minutes, and the result of integration of the calculated results in fixed time units is the commercial power source AC of today. Power consumption of
このシミュレーションは、 放電優先モ一ドと充電優先モ一ドの両モ一ドの場合における 商用電源 A Cの本日の使用電力量を導出するものであり、 単に両モ一ドにおける商用電源 A Cの使用電力量を導出するだけではなく、 二次電池 2の容量増減分を考慮する必要があ る。 具体的には、 [本日の午前 6時時点の二次電池 2の残容量一翌日の午前 5時 5 9分の二 次電池 2の残容量] を、 二次電池 2の容量増減分とし、 放電優先モードにおける商用電源 A Cの実質使用量-放電優先モ一ドにおける商用電源 A Cの使用電力量 +放電優先モード における二次電池 2の容量増減分、 充電優先モードにおける商用電源 A Cの実質使用量 = 充電優先モードにおける商用電源 A Cの使用電力量 +充電優先モードにおける二次電池 2 の容量増減分を各々導出する。 This simulation derives today's power consumption of the commercial power supply AC in the case of both the discharge priority mode and the charge priority mode, and it is merely the use of the commercial power supply AC in both modes. It is necessary to consider the increase and decrease of the capacity of the secondary battery 2 as well as to derive the amount of power. Specifically, [The remaining capacity of the secondary battery 2 as of 6 am today 5: 5 9 am the next day of the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 2] is the increase or decrease of the capacity of the secondary battery 2, Actual usage of commercial power AC in the discharge priority mode-usage power of commercial power AC in the discharge priority mode + increase / decrease of the capacity of the secondary battery 2 in the discharge priority mode, real usage of commercial power AC in the charge priority mode = The amount of power consumed by the commercial power source AC in the charge priority mode + the increase / decrease in capacity of the secondary battery 2 in the charge priority mode.
次に、 上記シミュレ一ション結果を用いて放電優先モ一ドと充電優先モードの両モ一ド の場合における商用電源 A Cの実質使用量を比較する (S 4 4 )。 充電優先モードを選択し た場合における商用電源 A Cの実質使用量が、 放電優先モードを選択した場合における商 用電源 A Cの実質使用量より少なければ、 稼動モードを充電優先モードに切り換える (S 4 5 )。 一方、 放電優先モードを選択した場合における商用電源 A Cの実質使用量が、 充電 優先モードを選択した場合における商用電源 A Cの実質使用量よリ大きくなければ、 稼動 モードを放電優先モードに切り換える (S 4 6 )。 Next, using the above simulation results, the actual usage of the commercial power source AC in the case of the discharge priority mode and the charge priority mode is compared (S 4 4). If the actual usage of the commercial power AC when the charge priority mode is selected is smaller than the actual usage of the commercial power AC when the discharge priority mode is selected, the operation mode is switched to the charge priority mode (S 45) ). On the other hand, if the actual usage of the commercial power AC when the discharge priority mode is selected is larger than the actual usage of the commercial power AC when the charge priority mode is selected, the operation mode is switched to the discharge priority mode (S 4 6).
なお、 ステップ S 4 3において、 モード切換部 4 hは、 本日の発電量および本日の消費 電力量の推定結果を用いて、 充電優先モードで配電制御部 4 cを動作させたときの商用電 源 A Cの本日の使用電力量を導出し、 さらに放電優先モードで配電制御部 4 cを動作させ
たときの商用電源 A Cの本日の使用電力量を導出し、 ステップ S 4 4において、 この導出 した両使用電力量を比較してもよい。 すなわち、 二次電池 2の容量増減分を考慮すること なく、 単に両モードにおける商用電源 A Cの使用電力量を導出する。 この場合、 充電優先 モードを選択した場合における商用電源 A Cの使用電力量が、 放電優先モードを選択した 場合における商用電源 A Cの使用電力量よリ少なければ、 稼動モードを充電優先モードに 切り換える。一方、放電優先モードを選択した場合における商用電源 A Cの使用電力量が、 充電優先モードを選択した場合における商用電源 A Cの使用電力量より大きくなければ、 稼動モ一ドを放電優先モードに切り換える。 In step S43, the mode switching unit 4h operates the distribution control unit 4c in the charge priority mode using the power generation amount of the present day and the estimation result of the power consumption amount of the present day. Deduce the AC power consumption today, and operate the distribution control unit 4 c in the discharge priority mode. It is also possible to derive today's amount of used power of commercial power AC at that time, and compare the derived amounts of used power in step S44. That is, without considering the increase or decrease in the capacity of the secondary battery 2, the power consumption of the commercial power supply AC in both modes is simply derived. In this case, the operating mode is switched to the charge priority mode if the power consumption of the commercial power AC when the charge priority mode is selected is less than the power consumption of the commercial power AC when the discharge priority mode is selected. On the other hand, if the power consumption of the commercial power AC when the discharge priority mode is selected is not larger than the power consumption of the commercial power AC when the charge priority mode is selected, the operation mode is switched to the discharge priority mode.
また、 ステップ S 3 1において、 システム起動後、 1週間経過していない場合は、 負荷 機器 Lの消費電力量の 7日分の履歴が、 負荷履歴記憶部 4 f にまだ格納されていないとし て、 稼動モードに放電優先モードを設定する (S 3 3 )。 したがって、 システム起動直後で あっても、 配電制御を行うことができ、 さらには、 太陽電池 1の発電電力に余剰分が発生 した場合に二次電池 2の充電にできるだけ用いることができ、 太陽電池 1の発電電力を無 駄に捨てることを抑制できる。 Also, in step S31, if one week has not passed since the system was started, it is assumed that the seven days' history of the power consumption of the load device L is not stored in the load history storage unit 4 f yet. , Set the discharge priority mode to the operation mode (S 3 3). Therefore, even immediately after system startup, power distribution control can be performed, and furthermore, when surplus power is generated in the power generated by solar cell 1, it can be used for charging secondary battery 2 as much as possible. Unnecessary discarding of the generated power can be suppressed.
このように、 モード切換部 4 hは、 配電制御部 4 cの稼動モードを充電優先モ一ドまた は放電優先モードに設定するのであるが、 このモードの切換手段は、 図 2のステップ S 2 において二次電池 2のフルカバー放電が可能か否かを判定する際に用いる放電電流の放電 上限値を切り換えることで実現される。 As described above, the mode switching unit 4 h sets the operation mode of the distribution control unit 4 c to the charge priority mode or the discharge priority mode. The switching means of this mode is the step S 2 in FIG. This is realized by switching the discharge upper limit value of the discharge current used in determining whether or not the full cover discharge of the secondary battery 2 is possible.
その放電上限値の設定処理は図 5のフ口一チヤ一卜に示され、 まずモード切換部 4 hは、 現在時刻が 2 0時 0 0分 0 0秒〜 5時 5 9分 5 9秒の間であるか否かを判定する (S 5 1 )。 そして、 現在時刻が、 例えば 2 0時 0 0分 0 0秒〜 5時 5 9分 5 9秒の間であれば、 稼動 モ一ドの設定が充電モ一ド、放電モ一ドのいずれであっても、効率無視放電時間帯として、 二次電池 2の放電可能電流値を放電上限値に設定する (S 5 2 )。 すなわち、 夜間は放電上 限値を、 放電可能な最大電流にまで強制的に増大させて、 二次電池 2をできるだけ放電さ せる動作となる。 The setting process of the upper limit value of discharge is shown in FIG. 5 first, and the mode switching unit 4h first detects the current time at 2 o'clock 0 o'clock 0 o'clock 0 o'clock 0 to 5 o'clock 5 o'clock 9 o'clock It is determined whether or not it is between (S.sub.51). And, if the current time is, for example, between 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 s 5 9 9 5 9 seconds, the setting of the operation mode is either the charge mode or the discharge mode. Even if it is, the dischargeable current value of the secondary battery 2 is set to the discharge upper limit value as the efficiency neglecting discharge time zone (S 52). That is, in the nighttime, the discharge limit value is forcibly increased to the maximum dischargeable current, and the secondary battery 2 is discharged as much as possible.
一方、 ステップ S 5 1において、 現在時刻が 2 0時 0 0分 0 0秒〜 5時 5 9分 5 9秒の 間でなければ、 図 3 Bのステップ S 4 5 , S 4 6で設定されるモードが充電優先モードか 否かを判定する (S 5 3 )。 充電優先モードが設定される場合、 放電上限値に 0 ( A ) を設 定し (S 5 4 )、 放電優先モードが設定される場合、 放電上限値に、 例えば効率ピーク電流 — 0 . 1 ( A ) を設定する (S 5 5 )。 On the other hand, in step S 51, the current time is not set between 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 s 5 9 5 s 9 s in steps S 4 5 and S 4 6 in FIG. 3B. It is determined whether the charging mode is the charging priority mode (S 53). When the charge priority mode is set, the discharge upper limit value is set to 0 (A) (S54), and when the discharge priority mode is set, the discharge upper limit value is, for example, the efficiency peak current-0.1 ( A) Set (S 5 5).
したがって、 充電優先モードの設定時には、 放電上限値に 0 ( A ) が設定されることか ら、 ステップ S 2におけるフルカバ一放電の可否判定において、 フルカバ一放電は不可能 であると必ず判定される。 すなわち、 二次電池 2の充電制御が優先される。 Therefore, since the discharge upper limit value is set to 0 (A) when setting the charge priority mode, it is always determined that full coverage discharge is impossible in the determination of whether full coverage discharge is possible in step S2. . That is, the charge control of the secondary battery 2 is prioritized.
—方、 放電優先モードの場合には、 放電上限値に効率ピーク電流一 0 . 1 ( A ) が設定 されることから、 ステップ S 2におけるフルカバー放電の可否判定において、 フルカバ一 放電に必要な放電電流が放電上限値内であれば、 フルカバー放電は可能であると判定され、
ステップ S 3のフルカバ一放電に移行しやすくなる。 すなわち、 二次電池 2の放電制御が 優先される。 なお、 放電優先モードにおける放電上限値は、 効率ピーク電流の上下近傍で あればよく、 ステップ S 2におけるフルカバ一放電の可否判定において、 フルカバ一放電 に必要な放電電流が効率ピーク電流の上下近傍に設定された放電上限値内であれば、 フル 力 'く一放電は可能であると判定される。 On the other hand, in the case of the discharge priority mode, since the efficiency peak current 1 0. 1 (A) is set to the discharge upper limit value, it is necessary for the full coverage discharge in the judgment of the full cover discharge in step S2. If the discharge current is within the discharge upper limit value, it is determined that full cover discharge is possible, It becomes easy to shift to the full cover discharge in step S3. That is, the discharge control of the secondary battery 2 has priority. The discharge upper limit value in the discharge priority mode may be in the vicinity of the upper and lower sides of the efficiency peak current, and the discharge current necessary for the full cover discharge is in the vicinity of the upper and lower efficiency peak currents in the determination of full coverage discharge in step S2. If it is within the set discharge upper limit value, it is judged that one full discharge is possible.
このように、 放電優先モードにおける放電上限値を、 効率ピーク電流の上下近傍に設定 した場合、 A C Z D C変換効率が低い低出力時に、 A C Z D Cコンパ一タ 3を停止でき、 システムの電力効率の悪化を抑制でき、 さらには出力可能電流が小さい二次電池 2でも、 大容量の A C / D Cコンバータ 3に対応できる。 一方、 放電優先モードにおける放電上限 値を、 効率ピーク電流より大きくした場合、 急速放電による二次電池 2の温度上昇が大き く、 二次電池 2の寿命が短くなる。 Thus, if the discharge upper limit value in the discharge priority mode is set near the upper and lower sides of the efficiency peak current, the ACZDC comparator 3 can be stopped at low output when the ACZDC conversion efficiency is low, and the deterioration of the system power efficiency is suppressed. In addition, even secondary batteries 2 with small available output current can handle large-capacity AC / DC converters 3. On the other hand, when the discharge upper limit value in the discharge priority mode is larger than the efficiency peak current, the temperature rise of the secondary battery 2 due to the rapid discharge is large, and the life of the secondary battery 2 is shortened.
または、 放電優先モードにおける放電上限値として、 二次電池 2が放電可能な最大電流 に設定してもよい。 さらに、 A C Z D Cコンバータ 3の効率ピーク電流が 5 ( A )、 二次電 池 2の放電上限値が 1 0 ( A ) のように、 放電上限値が効率ピーク電流より大きい場合に は、 判定電流が効率ピーク電流より大きい範囲でもフルカバ一放電が可能となって、 フル カバー放電の可能範囲が広くなる。 そして、 この場合も、 A C / D Cコンバータ 3の判定 電流が放電上限値内であれば、 フルカバ一放電が可能であると判定されて、 ステップ S 3 に移行し、 判定電^が放電上限値を超えていれば、 二次電池 2のフルカバー放電は不可能 であると判定されて、 ステップ S 4に移行する。 このように、 放電上限値を、 二次電池 2 が放電可能な最大電流に設定した場合、 放電優先モードでは、 二次電池 2によるフルカバ 一放電が最大限優先され、 商用電源 A Cの使用電力が最大限に抑制される。 Alternatively, as the discharge upper limit value in the discharge priority mode, the secondary battery 2 may be set to the maximum current that can be discharged. Furthermore, if the upper limit of discharge is larger than the peak efficiency current, such as when the peak efficiency of ACZDC converter 3 is 5 (A) and the upper limit of discharge of secondary battery 2 is 10 (A), the judgment current is Even if the range is higher than the efficiency peak current, full coverage is possible, and the range of full coverage discharge becomes wider. Also in this case, if the determination current of the AC / DC converter 3 is within the discharge upper limit value, it is determined that full coverage discharge is possible, and the process proceeds to step S 3. If it exceeds, it is determined that full cover discharge of the secondary battery 2 is impossible, and the process shifts to step S4. Thus, when the discharge upper limit value is set to the maximum current that can be discharged by secondary battery 2, in the discharge priority mode, full coverage by secondary battery 2 is given the highest priority, and the power used by the commercial power supply AC is It is suppressed to the maximum.
このように、 将来の所定期間 (本実施形態では 6時 0 0分 0 0秒からの 1 日間) におけ る太陽電池 1の発電量、 および将来の所定期間 (本実施形態では 6時 0 0分 0 0秒からの 1 日間) における負荷機器 Lの消費電力量を推定する。そして、 この推定結果に基づいて、 充電優先モードおよび放電優先モードの各々を用いた場合の、 将来の所定期間 (本実施形 態では 6時 0 0分 0 0秒からの 1 日間) における商用電源 A Cの実質使用量を導出し、 商 用電源 A Cの実質使用量が少ないモードを選択する。 したがって、 太陽電池 1の発電電力 を利用し、 さらに消費電力が時々刻々変化する負荷機器しに電力を供給しながら、 商用電 源 A Cの使用電力量を抑制する方向へ制御でき、 システム全体の電力効率を最適化するこ とができる。 Thus, the amount of power generation of the solar cell 1 in a predetermined future period (one day from 6:00:00 in this embodiment) and the future predetermined period (6:00 in this embodiment) Estimate the power consumption of the load device L in 1 day from 0 minutes to 0 minutes. Then, based on the estimation result, the commercial power supply in a predetermined future period (one day from 6:00:00 in this embodiment) when each of the charge priority mode and the discharge priority mode is used. Deriving the actual usage of AC and selecting the mode in which the actual usage of commercial power AC is low. Therefore, it is possible to control the amount of power used by the commercial power source AC while controlling the power consumption of the commercial power source while utilizing the generated power of the solar cell 1 and supplying power to the load device whose power consumption changes from moment to moment. Efficiency can be optimized.
なお、 負荷量推定部 4 gは、 負荷機器 Lの消費電力量の履歴に基づいて、 将来の消費電 力量の推定処理を行っているが、 将来における負荷機器しの使用スケジュールを予め設定 しておき、 この負荷機器しの使用スケジュールに基づいて、 将来の消費電力量の推定処理 を行ってもよい。 Although the load amount estimation unit 4g performs estimation processing of the power consumption amount in the future based on the history of the power consumption amount of the load device L, the usage schedule of the load device in the future is set in advance It is also possible to estimate the future power consumption based on the usage schedule of the load equipment.
(実施形態 2 ) (Embodiment 2)
本実施形態の直流電力供給システムは、 図 6に示すように、 直流電力供給装置 4に切換
判断情報記憶部 4 i を設けており、 実施形態 1と同様の構成には同一の符号を付して説明 は省略する。 As shown in FIG. 6, the DC power supply system of the present embodiment is switched to the DC power supply device 4 The determination information storage unit 4 i is provided, and the same configuration as that of the first embodiment is denoted by the same reference numeral and the description is omitted.
切換判断情報記憶部 4 iには、 図 7に示す切換判断テーブル T B 2が格納されており、 切換判断テ一ブル T B 2には、 太陽電池 1の発電量と負荷機器 Lの消費電力量の範囲毎に 充電優先モードまたは放電優先モードを対応付けている。 The switching judgment table TB 2 shown in FIG. 7 is stored in the switching judgment information storage unit 4 i, and the switching judgment table TB 2 contains the power generation amount of the solar cell 1 and the power consumption amount of the load device L. The charge priority mode or discharge priority mode is associated with each range.
そして、 実施形態 1のモード切換部 4 hは、 発電量および消費電力量の推定結果を用い て、 充電優先モードで配電制御部 4 cを動作させたときの商用電源 A Cの本日の実質使用 量を導出し、 さらに放電優先モードで配電制御部 4 cを動作させたときの商用電源 A Cの 本日の実質使用量を導出して、 実質使用量の少ないほうのモードを選択していた (ステツ プ S 4 3〜S 4 6 )。 The mode switching unit 4 h of the first embodiment uses the estimated amount of power generation and consumed energy to operate the distribution control unit 4 c in the charge priority mode, and the actual usage of the commercial power source AC today. And the actual usage of the commercial power source AC when the distribution control unit 4c is operated in the discharge priority mode is derived, and the mode with the smaller usage is selected (step S 4 3 to S 4 6).
一方、 本実施形態のモード切換部 4 hは、 切換判断テーブル T B 2を参照して、 発電量 推定部 4 eが推定した太陽電池 1の発電量と、 負荷量推定部 4 gが推定した負荷機器しの 消費電力量とに対応するモ一ドを選択する。 On the other hand, the mode switching unit 4 h according to the present embodiment refers to the switching determination table TB 2, and the power generation amount of the solar cell 1 estimated by the power generation amount estimation unit 4 e and the load estimated by the load amount estimation unit 4 g. Select the mode that corresponds to the power consumption of the device.
したがって、 将来における商用電源 A Cの実質使用量を導出する必要がないので、 モ一 ド切換処理の簡易化が可能となる。 Therefore, the mode switching process can be simplified because it is not necessary to derive the actual usage of the commercial power source AC in the future.
また、二次電池 2は、 S O Cが高いほど最大容量が低下する劣化が進行する特性がある。 したがって、 充電優先モードの設定期間が長くなると、 二次電池 2の S O Cが高い期間も 長くなリ、 二次電池 2の劣化が進行し易くなる。 そこで、 モード切換部 4 hは、 二次電池 2の劣化状態に応じて充電優先モードに重み付けを行い、 充電優先モードを選択する回数 を重み付けに応じて設定する。 Further, the secondary battery 2 has a characteristic that the deterioration in which the maximum capacity decreases as the SOC increases is advanced. Therefore, when the setting period of the charge priority mode is extended, the period in which the SOC of the secondary battery 2 is high is also longer, and the deterioration of the secondary battery 2 is likely to progress. Therefore, the mode switching unit 4 h weights the charge priority mode according to the deterioration state of the secondary battery 2 and sets the number of times of selecting the charge priority mode according to the weight.
具体的には、 モード切換部 4 hは、 充放電時間等に基づいて二次電池 2の劣化状態を監 視する二次電池監視手段を具備し、 二次電池 2の劣化状態が進行するにつれて、 劣化係数 を 0〜 1の範囲内で増加させる。 そして、 図 8に示す充電優先モード重み付け特性を記憶 しておリ、 劣化係数に応じた充電優先モードの重み付け係数 (0 ~ 1 ) を設定する。 ここ で、 充電優先モードの重み付け係数が 1の場合は、 充電優先モードと放電優先モードとの 重みは同一となる。 そして、 充電優先モードの重み付け係数が減少するにつれて、 充電優 先モードの重みが低下し、 充電優先モードを選択する回数が低減する方向に制御され、 二 次電池 2の劣化進行が抑制される。 Specifically, mode switching unit 4 h includes secondary battery monitoring means for monitoring the deterioration state of secondary battery 2 based on the charge / discharge time or the like, and as the deterioration state of secondary battery 2 progresses , Increase the degradation factor within the range of 0-1. Then, the charging priority mode weighting characteristic shown in FIG. 8 is stored, and the weighting coefficient (0 to 1) of the charging priority mode according to the deterioration coefficient is set. Here, when the weighting factor of the charge priority mode is 1, the weights of the charge priority mode and the discharge priority mode are the same. Then, as the weighting coefficient of the charge priority mode decreases, the weight of the charge priority mode decreases, and the number of times the charge priority mode is selected is controlled to be reduced, and the progress of deterioration of the secondary battery 2 is suppressed.
(実施形態 3 ) (Embodiment 3)
本実施形態の直流電力供給システムは、 実施形態 1または 2と同様の構成を備えており、 実施形態 1、 2と同様の構成には同一の符号を付して説明は省略する。 The DC power supply system of the present embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment or the second embodiment. The same components as those of the first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.
本実施形態の直流電力供給装置 4において、 負荷履歴記憶部 4 f には、 負荷量検出部 4 bが検出した負荷機器 Lの消費電力量の過去 1年間の履歴が日単位で格納されており、 負 荷量推定部 4 gは、 負荷履歴記憶部 4 f を参照して、 本日と同じ 1年前の月日における消 費電力量を、 本日における消費電力量の推定値とする。 このように、 本日と略同じ環境で あると考えられる 1年前の消費電力量を、 本日の消費電力量の推定値とするので、 消費電
力量の推定精度が向上する。 In the DC power supply device 4 of the present embodiment, the load history storage unit 4 f stores the history of the power consumption of the load device L detected by the load amount detection unit 4 b for the past one year on a daily basis. The load amount estimation unit 4 g refers to the load history storage unit 4 f and uses the power consumption on the same day as the current one-year-old date as the estimated value of the power consumption on the current day. As described above, since the power consumption a year ago that is considered to be almost the same environment as today is used as the estimated value of the power consumption today, The estimation accuracy of strength is improved.
また、 実施形態 1 , 2のように最近の消費電力量の平均値を本日の消費電力量の推定値 とし、 1年前の消費電力量に基づいてこの推定値を補正する構成でもよい。 Further, as in the first and second embodiments, the average value of the recent power consumption may be used as the estimated value of the current power consumption, and the estimated value may be corrected based on the power consumption one year ago.
(実施形態 4 ) (Embodiment 4)
本実施形態の直流電力供給システムは、 図 9に示すように、 直流電力供給装置 4に発電 量記憶部 4 dの代わりに発電履歴記憶部 4 j を設けており、 実施形態 1乃至 3と同様の構 成には同一の符号を付して説明は省略する。 In the DC power supply system of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, a power generation history storage unit 4 j is provided in the DC power supply device 4 instead of the power generation amount storage unit 4 d. The same symbols are attached to the configuration of and the description is omitted.
本実施形態の直流電力供給装置 4は、 発電履歴記憶部 4 j を設けており、 発電履歴記憶 部 4 jには、 発電量検出部 4 aが検出した太陽電池 1の発電量の、 例えば過去 1週間の履 歴が曰単位で格納されており、 発電量推定部 4 eは、 発電履歴記憶部 4 j を参照して、 過 去 1週間における発電量の平均値を、 本日における発電量の推定値とする。 そして、 1 曰 毎に、 最も古い曰の履歴を削除するとともに前日の履歴を追加し、 過去 1週間における発 電量の平均値を本日における発電量の推定値として更新する。 このように、 最近の発電量 の平均値を、 本日の発電量の推定値とするので、 発電履歴記憶部 4 jのリソースを低減し ながら、 発電量の推定処理が可能となる。 The DC power supply device 4 of the present embodiment is provided with the power generation history storage unit 4 j, and the power generation history storage unit 4 j includes, for example, the past of the power generation amount of the solar cell 1 detected by the power generation amount detection unit 4 a. The history of one week is stored in 曰 units, and the power generation amount estimation unit 4 e refers to the power generation history storage unit 4 j to calculate the average value of the power generation amount in the past one week Let it be an estimated value. Then, delete the history of the oldest firewood and add the history of the previous day, and update the average value of the power generation amount in the past one week as the estimated value of the power generation amount for today. As described above, since the average value of the latest power generation amount is used as the estimated value of the power generation amount of today, the power generation amount estimation processing can be performed while reducing the resources of the power generation history storage unit 4 j.
または、 発電履歴記憶部 4 jに、 発電量検出部 4 aが検出した発電量の過去 1年間の履 歴を日単位で格納し、 発電量推定部 4 gは、 発電履歴記憶部 4 j を参照して、 本日と同じ 月日における発電量を、 本日における発電量の推定値とする。 このように、 本日と略同じ 環境であると考えられる 1年前の発電量を、 本日の発電量の推定値とするので、 発電量の 推定精度が向上する。 Alternatively, the power generation history storage unit 4 j stores the history of the power generation amount detected by the power generation amount detection unit 4 a in units of days in the past, and the power generation amount estimation unit 4 g stores the power generation history storage unit 4 j As a reference, let the amount of power generation on the same date as today be the estimated value of the amount of power generation on today. As described above, the power generation amount estimated to be the same as today's environment is assumed to be the estimated value of the power generation amount that is considered to be one year ago, so the estimation accuracy of the power generation amount is improved.
また、 最近の発電量の平均値を本日の発電量の推定値とし、 1年前の発電量に基づいて この推定値を補正する構成でもよい。 In addition, the average value of the latest power generation amount may be used as the estimated value of the power generation amount of today, and this estimated value may be corrected based on the power generation amount one year ago.
以上、 本発明の好ましい実施形態が説明されたが、 本発明はこれらの特定実施形態に限 定されず、 後続する請求範囲の範疇を超えず、 多様な変更及び修正が行われることが可能 であり、 それも本発明の範疇に属すると言える。
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments, and various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the claims that follow. Yes, it also belongs to the category of the present invention.
Claims
【請求項 1】 [Claim 1]
太陽光によって発電する太陽電池と、 商用電源を直流電力に変換する A C / D Cコンパ ータと、 太陽電池および A C Z D Cコンバータの出力によって充電される二次電池とを電 源として、 負荷へ直流電力を供給する直流電力供給装置であって、 The DC power is transferred to the load by using solar cells that generate solar power, AC / DC converters that convert commercial power into DC power, and secondary batteries that are charged by the outputs of the solar cells and ACZDC converter. DC power supply device to supply
将来の所定期間における前記太陽電池の発電量及び前記負荷の消費電気量の各推定結果 に基づいて前記二次電池の放電優先モードと前記二次電池の充電優先モ一ドとの間でモー ドを切り換える A mode between the discharge priority mode of the secondary battery and the charge priority mode of the secondary battery based on each estimated result of the power generation amount of the solar cell and the consumed electricity amount of the load in a predetermined future period. Switch between
直流電力供給装置。 DC power supply device.
【請求項 2】 [Claim 2]
太陽電池の発電量を検出する発電量検出部と、 A power generation amount detection unit that detects the power generation amount of the solar cell;
負荷の消費電気量を検出する負荷量検出部と、 A load amount detection unit that detects the consumed electricity amount of the load;
前記太陽電池の発電量および前記負荷の消費電気量の各検出結果に基づいて、 太陽電池 および二次電池および A C Z D Cコンバータの夫々から負荷への各電力供給動作を制御す る配電制御部と、 A power distribution control unit that controls each power supply operation from the solar battery and the secondary battery and the ACDC converter to the load based on each detection result of the power generation amount of the solar battery and the consumption amount of the load;
将来の所定期間における太陽電池の発電量を推定する発電量推定部と、 A power generation amount estimation unit that estimates the power generation amount of the solar cell in a predetermined future period;
将来の所定期間における負荷の消費電気量を推定する負荷量推定部と、 A load amount estimation unit for estimating the consumed electricity amount of the load in a predetermined future period;
前記放電優先モードと前記充電優先モードとのいずれか一方に、 将来の所定期間におけ る前記太陽電池の発電量及び前記負荷の消費電気量の各推定結果に基づいて前記配電制御 部の動作を切り換えるモード切換部とを備え、 The operation of the distribution control unit is performed based on each estimated result of the power generation amount of the solar cell and the consumed electricity amount of the load in a future predetermined period in any one of the discharge priority mode and the charge priority mode. And a mode switching unit for switching
前記放電優先モードは、 A CZ D Cコンバータを停止させて二次電池の放電電力のみで、 負荷の消費電力から太陽電池の発電電力を引いた電力差分を補う制御を優先させるモード であり、 The discharge priority mode is a mode for giving priority to control for stopping the ACZ DC converter and compensating for the power difference between the power consumption of the load and the generated power of the solar battery with only the discharge power of the secondary battery,
前記充電優先モードは、 太陽電池の発電電力と A C / D Cコンバータの出力電力との少 なくとも一方で二次電池を充電する制御を優先させるモードである The charge priority mode is a mode in which priority is given to control of charging the secondary battery by at least one of the generated power of the solar cell and the output power of the A C / D C converter.
請求項 1記載の直流電力供給装置。 The DC power supply device according to claim 1.
【請求項 3】 [Claim 3]
前記モード切換部は、 将来の所定期間に前記放電優先モードで配電制御部を動作させた 場合における商用電源の使用電気量と、 将来の所定期間に前記充電優先モードで配電制御 部を動作させた場合における商用電源の使用電気量とを、 前記太陽電池の発電量および負 荷の消費電気量の各推定結果に基づいて演算し、 両モードのうち商用電源の使用電気量が 少ないモードを選択する請求項 2記載の直流電力供給装置。 The mode switching unit operates the distribution control unit in the charge priority mode in the future predetermined period, and the amount of electricity used by the commercial power supply when the distribution control unit is operated in the discharge priority mode in the future predetermined period. The amount of electricity used by the commercial power supply in the case and the amount of electricity generated by the solar cell and the amount of electricity consumed by the load are calculated based on the estimated results, and the mode with less electricity used for the commercial power is selected from both modes. The DC power supply device according to claim 2.
【請求項 4】 [Claim 4]
前記太陽電池の発電量と負荷の消費電気量との組み合わせに、 前記放電優先モードまた は前記充電優先モードを対応付けた切換判断情報記憶部を更に備え、 前記モード切換部は、
前記太陽電池の発電量および負荷の消費電気量の各推定結果に対応するモードを、 切換判 断情報記憶部を参照して選択する請求項 2記載の直流電力供給装置。 The device further includes a switching determination information storage unit in which the discharge priority mode or the charging priority mode is associated with a combination of the power generation amount of the solar cell and the consumed electricity amount of the load, and the mode switching unit The DC power supply device according to claim 2, wherein a mode corresponding to each estimated result of the power generation amount of the solar cell and the consumed electricity amount of the load is selected with reference to a switching determination information storage unit.
【請求項 5】 [Claim 5]
負荷の消費電気量の履歴を格納した負荷履歴記憶部を更に備え、 It further comprises a load history storage unit that stores the history of the consumed electricity of the load,
前記負荷量推定部は、 前記負荷履歴記憶部を参照して、 過去の所定期間における負荷の 消費電気量の平均値を、 将来の所定期間における負荷の消費電気量の推定値とする請求項 2乃至 4いずれか記載の直流電力供給装置。 The load amount estimation unit refers to the load history storage unit, and uses the average value of the consumed electricity amount of the load in the past predetermined period as the estimated value of the consumed electricity amount of the load in the future predetermined period. 4. A direct current power supply device according to any one of 4).
【請求項 6】 [Claim 6]
負荷の消費電気量の履歴を格納した負荷履歴記憶部を更に備え、 It further comprises a load history storage unit that stores the history of the consumed electricity of the load,
前記負荷量推定部は、 前記負荷履歴記憶部を参照して、 過去の所定期間における負荷の 消費電気量に基づいて将来の所定期間における負荷の消費電気量を推定する請求項 2乃至 4いずれか記載の直流電力供給装置。 The load amount estimation unit estimates the consumed electricity amount of the load in a predetermined future period based on the consumed electricity amount of the load in the past determined period with reference to the load history storage unit. DC power supply device as described.
【請求項 7】 [Claim 7]
負荷の消費電気量の履歴を格納した負荷履歴記憶部を更に備え、 It further comprises a load history storage unit that stores the history of the consumed electricity of the load,
前記負荷量推定部は、 負荷の消費電気量の履歴に基づいて将来の所定期間における負荷 の消費電気量を推定し、 The load amount estimation unit estimates the consumed electricity amount of the load in a predetermined future period based on the history of the consumed electricity amount of the load;
前記モード切換部は、 前記負荷履歴記憶部に格納された負荷の消費電気量の履歴が所定 量以内の場合、 前記放電優先モードを選択する請求項 2乃至 4いずれか記載の直流電力供 給装置。 The DC power supply device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the mode switching unit selects the discharge priority mode when the history of the amount of consumed electricity of the load stored in the load history storage unit is within a predetermined amount. .
【請求項 8】 [Claim 8]
1年間を分割した各期間における太陽電池の発電量を設定した発電量記憶部を更に備え、 前記発電量推定部は、 前記発電量記憶部を参照して将来の所定期間における太陽電池の発 電量を推定する請求項 2乃至 7いずれか記載の直流電力供給装置。 The power generation amount storage unit further sets a power generation amount storage unit that sets a power generation amount of the solar cell in each period obtained by dividing one year, and the power generation amount estimation unit refers to the power generation amount storage unit. The DC power supply device according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein
【請求項 9】 [Claim 9]
太陽電池の発電量の履歴を格納した発電履歴記憶部を更に備え、 前記発電量推定部は、 太陽電池の発電量の履歴に基づいて将来の所定期間における太陽電池の発電量を推定する 請求項 2乃至 7いずれか記載の直流電力供給装置。 The power generation history storage unit storing the history of the power generation amount of the solar cell is further provided, and the power generation amount estimation unit estimates the power generation amount of the solar cell in a predetermined future period based on the history of the power generation amount of the solar cell. The DC power supply device according to any one of 2 to 7.
【請求項 1 0】 [Claim 10]
前記発電量推定部は、 前記発電履歴記憶部を参照して、 過去の所定期間における太陽電 池の発電量の平均値を、 将来の所定期間における太陽電池の発電量の推定値とする請求項 9記載の直流電力供給装置。 The power generation amount estimation unit refers to the power generation history storage unit, and uses the average value of the power generation amount of the solar battery in the past predetermined period as the estimated value of the power generation amount of the solar battery in the future predetermined period. 9. The DC power supply device according to 9.
【請求項 1 1】 [Claim 1 1]
前記発電量推定部は、 前記発電履歴記憶部を参照して、 過去の所定期間における太陽電 池の発電量に基づいて将来の所定期間における太陽電池の発電量を推定する請求項 9記載 の直流電力供給装置。 The direct current according to claim 10, wherein the power generation amount estimation unit estimates the power generation amount of the solar cell in a predetermined future period based on the power generation amount of the solar battery in the past predetermined period with reference to the power generation history storage unit. Power supply device.
【請求項 1 2】
前記モード切換部は、 前記二次電池の劣化状態を監視する二次電池監視手段を備え、 二 次電池の劣化状態が大きいほど、 充電優先モードを選択する回数を低減する請求項 2乃至 1 1いずれか記載の直流電力供給装置。 [Claim 1 2] The mode switching unit includes a secondary battery monitoring unit that monitors a deterioration state of the secondary battery, and reduces the number of times of selecting the charge priority mode as the deterioration state of the secondary battery increases. The DC power supply device according to any one of the above.
【請求項 1 3】 [Claim 1 3]
太陽電池と、 With solar cells,
商用電源を直流電力に変換する A C / D Cコンバ一タと、 With AC / DC converter which converts commercial power source into DC power,
太陽電池および A C/ D Cコンバータの出力によって充電される二次電池と、 太陽電池、 A C / D Cコンバータ、 二次電池を電源として、 負荷へ直流電力を供給する 直流電力供給装置とで構成され、 It consists of a secondary battery charged by the output of a solar cell and an AC / DC converter, a solar cell, an AC / DC converter, and a DC power supply device that supplies DC power to a load using the secondary battery as a power source,
前記直流電力供給装置は、 将来の所定期間における前記太陽電池の発電量及び前記負荷 の消費電気量の各推定結果に基づき、 前記二次電池の放電優先モードと前記二次電池の充 電優先モードとの間でモ一ドを切り換える The DC power supply device is configured to determine a discharge priority mode of the secondary battery and a charge priority mode of the secondary battery based on estimation results of a power generation amount of the solar cell and a consumed electricity amount of the load in a predetermined future period. Switch the mode between
直流電力供給システム。 DC power supply system.
【請求項 1 4】 [Claim 1 4]
前記直流電力供給装置は、 前記太陽電池の発電量を検出する発電量検出部と、 前記負荷の消費電気量を検出する負荷量検出部と、 The DC power supply apparatus includes: a power generation amount detection unit that detects a power generation amount of the solar cell; and a load amount detection unit that detects a consumption amount of electricity of the load.
前記太陽電池の発電量および前記負荷の消費電気量の各検出結果に基づいて、 前記太陽 電池および二次電池および A CZ D Cコンバータの夫々から前記負荷への各電力供給動作 を制御する配電制御部と、 Distribution control unit that controls each power supply operation to the load from each of the solar cell, the secondary battery, and the ACZ DC converter based on each detection result of the power generation amount of the solar cell and the consumed electricity amount of the load When,
将来の所定期間における前記太陽電池の発電量を推定する発電量推定部と、 A power generation amount estimation unit configured to estimate a power generation amount of the solar cell in a predetermined future period;
将来の所定期間における前記負荷の消費電気量を推定する負荷量推定部と、 A load amount estimation unit configured to estimate a consumed electricity amount of the load in a predetermined future period;
前記放電優先モードと前記充電優先モードとのいずれか一方に、 将来の所定期間におけ る前記太陽電池の発電量及び前記負荷の消費電気量の各推定結果に基づき、 前記配電制御 部の動作を切リ換えるモ一ド切換手段とを備え、 In either one of the discharge priority mode and the charge priority mode, the operation of the power distribution control unit is performed based on each estimated result of the power generation amount of the solar cell and the consumed electricity amount of the load in a future predetermined period. And mode switching means for switching
前記放電優先モードは、 A C Z D Cコンバータを停止させて前記二次電池の放電電力の みで、 負荷の消費電力から太陽電池の発電電力を引いた電力差分を補う制御を優先させる モードであり、 The discharge priority mode is a mode for giving priority to control for compensating the power difference between the power consumption of the load and the power generated by the solar cell by stopping the ACDC converter and only the discharge power of the secondary battery.
前記充電優先モードは、 太陽電池の発電電力と A C / D Cコンバータの出力電力との少 なくとも一方で二次電池を充電する制御を優先させるモードである The charge priority mode is a mode in which priority is given to control of charging the secondary battery by at least one of the generated power of the solar cell and the output power of the A C / D C converter.
請求項 1 3記載の直流電力供給システム。
The direct current power supply system according to claim 13.
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