WO2011002030A1 - 携帯可能電子装置、及び携帯可能電子装置の制御方法 - Google Patents
携帯可能電子装置、及び携帯可能電子装置の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011002030A1 WO2011002030A1 PCT/JP2010/061170 JP2010061170W WO2011002030A1 WO 2011002030 A1 WO2011002030 A1 WO 2011002030A1 JP 2010061170 W JP2010061170 W JP 2010061170W WO 2011002030 A1 WO2011002030 A1 WO 2011002030A1
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- portable electronic
- time frame
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- electronic device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10019—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers.
- G06K7/10029—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers. the collision being resolved in the time domain, e.g. using binary tree search or RFID responses allocated to a random time slot
- G06K7/10059—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers. the collision being resolved in the time domain, e.g. using binary tree search or RFID responses allocated to a random time slot transponder driven
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a portable electronic device that implements various processes by transmitting and receiving commands, for example, and more particularly to a portable electronic device capable of responding to an initial response request at a higher speed, and control of the portable electronic device. Regarding the method.
- an IC card used as a portable electronic device includes a card-like main body formed of plastic or the like and an IC module embedded in the main body.
- the IC module has an IC chip.
- the IC chip has a nonvolatile memory such as an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) or a flash ROM that can hold data even when there is no power supply, and a CPU that executes various operations.
- IC cards are excellent in portability, and can communicate with external devices and perform complex arithmetic processing. Further, since it is difficult to forge, the IC card is assumed to store highly confidential information and be used for a security system, electronic commerce, and the like.
- the non-contact IC card as described above includes an IC chip and an antenna.
- This non-contact IC card operates by receiving a magnetic field generated from a reader / writer of an IC card processing device that processes the IC card and causing an antenna in the card to generate electricity by electromagnetic induction.
- the terminal device can perform anti-collision processing by, for example, a time slot method, a slot marker method, or another method.
- the IC card processing device When performing anti-collision processing by the time slot method, the IC card processing device sets a plurality of time frames and transmits an initial response request to the IC card.
- the IC card generates a random number, selects a time frame according to the random number, and transmits a card ID stored in itself in the selected time frame as a response to the IC card processing device.
- the IC card processing device selects an IC card for executing processing based on the received card ID.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for recognizing the presence / absence of a response of another IC card in a selected time frame and transmitting a response in a time frame after the selected time frame when the response of the other IC card is confirmed. Is disclosed.
- the IC card processing device transmits an initial response request including the total number N of slots (time frames) to a plurality of IC cards.
- Each IC card generates, for example, n (integer) among N integers from 0 to (N ⁇ 1) by a logic circuit.
- n integer
- the IC card immediately returns an initial response response.
- the IC card does not immediately return an initial response response, and then receives a slot marker command specifying the same slot as n generated by the non-contact IC card from the terminal device. Return the initial response response.
- the time frame set by the IC card processing device is fixed. For this reason, for example, when there is a time frame not selected by the IC card before the time frame selected by the IC card, there is a problem that communication time is wasted.
- the portable electronic device described in the above patent document selects a time frame after the selected time frame. For this reason, there exists a problem that the whole processing time becomes long.
- the IC card returns an initial response response when receiving a command from an external terminal that designates the same slot as the selected value. For this reason, even if the slot has no response from another non-contact card, the non-contact IC card has to wait without responding, and there is a problem that the entire processing time becomes long.
- a portable electronic device is a portable electronic device that generates a random number and responds at a timing according to the generated random number, the receiving unit receiving an initial response request from an external device, and the reception Based on the initial response request received by the unit, a recognition unit for recognizing the total number of time frames set in the external device, a random number generation unit for generating a random number, and communication performed in other portable electronic devices are detected.
- the communication detection unit Based on the total number of time frames recognized by the recognition unit and the random number generated by the random number generation unit, the communication detection unit monitors one time frame, and the communication detection unit A determination unit that determines whether to transmit a response to the initial response request to the external device based on a detection result, and a response based on a determination result by the determination unit Comprising a transmitter for transmitting the Kigaibu device, the.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an example of a configuration of a processing system for a portable electronic device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for describing a configuration example of the terminal device illustrated in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a configuration example of the IC card shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for schematically explaining an example of processing of the IC card according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining an example of processing of the IC card according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for schematically explaining another example of processing of the IC card according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining another example of the processing of the IC card according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram for explaining another configuration example of the IC card shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the IC card 2 in response to the first initial response request in which the total number N of slots is 2 or more.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the IC card 2 when responding to the second and subsequent initial response requests in which the total number N of slots is specified as 2 or more.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the operation of the IC card 2 when responding to an initial response request in which the total number N of slots is 2 or more.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a configuration example of an IC card processing system 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the IC card processing system 10 includes a portable electronic device processing device (terminal device) 1 and a portable electronic device (IC card) 2.
- the terminal device 1 and the IC card 2 transmit / receive various data to / from each other by wireless communication.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a configuration example of the terminal device shown in FIG. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the terminal device 1 includes a control unit 11, a display 12, a keyboard 13, a card reader / writer 14, a storage unit 15, and the like.
- the control unit 11 includes a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like.
- the control unit 11 controls the operation of the entire terminal device 1.
- the display 12 displays various information under the control of the control unit 11.
- the keyboard 13 receives an operation by the operator of the terminal device 1 as an operation signal.
- the card reader / writer 14 is an interface device for communicating with the IC card 2.
- the card reader / writer 14 performs power supply, clock supply, reset control, and data transmission / reception with respect to the IC card 2. That is, the card reader / writer 14 functions as a transmission / reception unit.
- the storage unit 15 stores an operation program executed by the control unit 11 and data.
- the control unit 11 inputs various commands to the IC card 2 via the card reader / writer 14. For example, when receiving a data write command from the card reader / writer 14, the IC card 2 performs a process of writing the received data into the internal nonvolatile memory.
- control unit 11 reads data from the IC card 2 by transmitting a read command to the IC card 2.
- the control unit 11 performs various processes based on the data received from the IC card 2.
- the card reader / writer 14 transmits and receives data to and from the IC card 2 by wireless communication.
- the card reader / writer 14 includes a signal processing unit, a transmission / reception circuit, an antenna, and the like (not shown).
- the signal processing unit encodes, decodes, modulates, and demodulates data transmitted to and received from the IC card 2.
- the transmission / reception circuit amplifies the data modulated by the signal processing unit and the data received by the antenna.
- the antenna transmits data to the IC card 2 by generating a magnetic field according to the data to be transmitted.
- the antenna recognizes data transmitted from the IC card 2 based on the induced current generated by electromagnetic induction.
- the range in which the IC card 2 can recognize the change in the magnetic field due to the antenna is the communicable range.
- the card reader / writer 14 detects the IC card 2 existing within the communicable range and performs processing.
- the control unit 11 performs settings related to communication with the IC card 2 by transmitting an initial response request (initial response request command) to the IC card 2 by the card reader / writer 14. In order to detect the IC card 2, the card reader / writer 14 repeatedly transmits an initial response request command to the communicable range.
- a response to the activation command from the IC card 2 is returned to the card reader / writer 14.
- the card reader / writer 14 detects the IC card 2.
- the card reader / writer 14 transmits a selection command for selecting a desired IC card 2.
- communication can be performed between the card reader / writer 14 and the IC card 2.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram for explaining a configuration example of the IC card 2 shown in FIG.
- the IC card 2 includes a card-like main body 21 and an IC module 22 built in the main body 21.
- the IC module 22 includes one or more IC chips 23 and a communication unit 24.
- the IC chip 23 and the communication unit 24 are formed in the IC module 22 while being connected to each other.
- the IC chip 23 includes a communication unit 24, a CPU 25, a ROM 26, a RAM 27, a nonvolatile memory 28, a power supply unit 29, a random number generation unit 30, and the like.
- the communication unit 24 is an interface for performing contactless communication with the card reader / writer 14 of the terminal device 1.
- the communication unit 24 functions as a transmission unit and a reception unit.
- the communication unit 24 includes an antenna that performs non-contact communication with the card reader / writer 14 of the terminal device 1, for example.
- the communication unit 24 includes a transmission / reception circuit that amplifies transmission / reception data, and a signal processing unit.
- the CPU 25 functions as a control unit that controls the entire IC card 2. Further, the CPU 25 functions as a determination unit that performs various determinations. The CPU 25 performs various processes based on the control program and control data stored in the ROM 26 or the nonvolatile memory 28. For example, various processes are performed in accordance with commands received from the card reader / writer 14, and data such as responses as processing results is generated.
- the ROM 26 is a non-volatile memory that stores a control program and control data in advance.
- the ROM 26 is incorporated in the IC card 2 in a state where a control program, control data, and the like are stored at the manufacturing stage. That is, the control program and control data stored in the ROM 26 are incorporated in advance according to the specifications of the IC card 2.
- the RAM 27 is a volatile memory that functions as a working memory.
- the RAM 27 temporarily stores data being processed by the CPU 25.
- the RAM 27 temporarily stores data received from the terminal device 1 via the communication unit 24.
- the RAM 27 temporarily stores a program executed by the CPU 25.
- the non-volatile memory 28 is configured by a non-volatile memory capable of writing and rewriting data, such as an EEPROM or a flash ROM.
- the nonvolatile memory 28 stores a control program and various data according to the operation application of the IC card 2.
- a program file and a data file are created.
- a control program and various data are written in each created file.
- the CPU 25 can implement various processes by executing programs stored in the nonvolatile memory 28 or the ROM 26.
- the power supply unit 29 receives radio waves from the card reader / writer 14 and generates an electromotive force and an operation clock.
- the power supply unit 29 supplies the generated power and operation clock to each unit of the IC card 2.
- Each part of the IC card 2 becomes operable when supplied with power.
- the random number generator 30 generates a random number. For example, when receiving an initial response request command from the card reader / writer 14, the CPU 25 generates a random number by the random number generation unit 30.
- the initial response request command transmitted from the card reader / writer 14 has a plurality of parameters for determining the communication method and speed.
- This parameter includes information indicating the number of time frames (total time frame number n) in which the card reader / writer 14 receives a response to the initial response request command.
- control unit 11 of the terminal device 1 sets a plurality of time frames and transmits an initial response request command having information indicating the total number of time frames to the IC card 2 by the card reader / writer 14.
- the CPU 25 of the IC card 2 When receiving the initial response request command, the CPU 25 of the IC card 2 refers to the initial response request command and recognizes the total number of time frames set in the card reader / writer 14. That is, the CPU 25 functions as a recognition unit. The CPU 25 generates a random number by the random number generation unit 30, and selects one time frame based on the generated random number. That is, the CPU 25 functions as a time frame selection unit. The CPU 25 of the IC card 2 performs an initial response process for the initial response request command based on the selected time frame.
- the communication unit 24 when the IC card 2 transmits data to the card reader / writer 14, the communication unit 24 generates a magnetic field corresponding to the data to be transmitted.
- the IC card 2 can determine whether or not communication processing is being performed in another IC card 2 by monitoring the magnetic field by the communication unit 24.
- the CPU 25 of the IC card 2 determines that communication processing is being performed in another IC card 2. To do. That is, the communication unit 24 and the CPU 25 function as a communication detection unit.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for schematically explaining an example of the initial response process of the IC card 2 according to the first embodiment.
- the terminal device 1 sets the total number of time frames to four.
- the IC card 2 existing in the communicable range of the terminal device 1 is the IC card 2A and the IC card 2B.
- the terminal device 1 sets the total number of time frames, and transmits an initial response request command (request) from the card reader / writer 14 at a certain timing.
- the terminal device 1 starts accepting the first time frame at a time t1 when a predetermined time (t1-t0) has elapsed from the time t0 when the last bit of the request is transmitted.
- the terminal device 1 starts accepting the second time frame at a time t2 when a predetermined time (t2-t1) has elapsed since the start of accepting the first time frame.
- the terminal device 1 starts accepting the third time frame at a time t3 when a predetermined time (t3-t2) has elapsed since the start of accepting the second time frame.
- the terminal device 1 starts accepting the fourth time frame at time t4 when a predetermined time (t4-t3) has elapsed since the start of accepting the third time frame.
- the terminal device 1 ends acceptance of the fourth time frame at a time t5 when a predetermined time (t5-t4) has elapsed since the start of acceptance of the fourth time frame.
- IC cards 2A and 2B stand by until a request is received from terminal device 1.
- the CPUs 25 of the IC cards 2A and 2B recognize the total number of time frames set in the terminal device 1.
- the CPU 25 determines that the time t1 when a predetermined time (t1-t0) has elapsed from the time t0 when the last bit of the request is received is the start time of the first time frame.
- the CPU 25 recognizes each successive time frame based on the start time t1 of the first time frame and the recognized total number of time frames. In other words, the CPU 25 recognizes each time frame by dividing every time width T from the time t1. Thereby, the CPU 25 recognizes the start times t1, t2, t3, and t4 of each time frame.
- the CPU 25 assigns a number to each recognized time frame.
- the CPU 25 generates a random number by the random number generation unit 30, and selects one time frame based on the generated random number. For example, the CPU 25 converts part or all of the generated random number into a number equal to or less than the total number of time frames set by the terminal device 1.
- CPU25 selects the time frame provided with the number corresponding to the number converted from the random number.
- the CPU 25 determines a time frame for transmitting a response based on the time frame m selected from the random numbers and the total time frame number n.
- CPU 25 first determines whether or not m> n / 2 is satisfied. If m> n / 2 is satisfied, the CPU 25 reselects a time frame of (n ⁇ m + 1). The CPU 25 monitors the reselected time frame nm + 1 so that a response is transmitted in the reselected time frame.
- the CPU 25 determines whether or not a response is transmitted from the other IC card 2 to the terminal device 1 within a predetermined time width p from the start time of the (n ⁇ m + 1) time frame. That is, the CPU 25 monitors the magnetic field by the communication unit 24 from the (n ⁇ m + 1) start time, and determines whether or not there is a change in the magnetic field of a predetermined value or more within the time width p.
- the CPU 25 transmits a response to the terminal device 1. If it is determined that there is a response from another IC card 2, the CPU 25 transmits a response to the terminal device 1 in the first selected time frame m.
- the CPU 25 transmits a response to the terminal device 1 in the time frame m selected first.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining an example of the initial response process of the IC card 2 according to the first embodiment.
- the IC card 2 stands by until a request is received from the terminal device 1 (step S11).
- the CPU 25 of the IC card 2 checks the total number of time frames n set in the terminal device 1 (step S13).
- the CPU 25 generates a random number by the random number generation unit 30 (step S14).
- the CPU 25 selects one time frame m based on the random number generated by the random number generation unit 30 (step S15).
- the CPU 25 determines whether or not the selected time frame m and the total time frame number n satisfy the relationship m> n / 2 (step S16).
- step S16 When the selected time frame m and the total number of time frames n satisfy the relationship of m> n / 2 (step S16, YES), the CPU 25 reselects the mn + 1 time frame (step S17). The CPU 25 monitors the reselected time frame nm ⁇ m + 1 (step S18).
- the CPU 25 determines whether or not a response is transmitted from the other IC card 2 to the terminal device 1 within a predetermined time width p from the start time of the (n ⁇ m + 1) time frame (step S19).
- the CPU 25 transmits a response to the terminal device 1 (step S20). That is, the CPU 25 controls each unit of the IC card 2 so as to transmit a response to the terminal device 1 in the reselected time frame.
- step S16 if the selected time frame m and the total number of time frames n do not satisfy the relationship of m> n / 2 (step S16, NO), or in step S19, from another IC card 2
- step S19 if the selected time frame m and the total number of time frames n do not satisfy the relationship of m> n / 2 (step S16, NO), or in step S19, from another IC card 2
- the CPU 25 controls each part of the IC card 2 so as to transmit the response to the terminal device 1 in the initially selected time frame m (step S21).
- the IC card 2 when receiving the initial response request command, the IC card 2 according to the present embodiment recognizes the total number of time frames based on the command. The IC card 2 selects a time frame based on the random number, and reselects a predetermined time frame before the selected time frame. The IC card 2 determines whether or not the reselected time frame is selected by another IC card 2, and if not selected, transmits a response to the terminal device 1 in the time frame. Thereby, processing time can be shortened.
- the IC card 2 transmits a response to the terminal device 1 in the first selected time frame. Thereby, a collision can be prevented.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for schematically explaining an example of the initial response process of the IC card 2 according to the second embodiment.
- the terminal device 1 sets the total number of time frames to four.
- description will be made assuming that the IC card 2 existing in the communicable range of the terminal device 1 is the IC card 2A and the IC card 2B.
- the terminal device 1 sets the total number of time frames, and transmits an initial response request command (request) from the card reader / writer 14 at a certain timing.
- the terminal device 1 starts accepting the first time frame at a time t1 when a predetermined time (t1-t0) has elapsed from the time t0 when the last bit of the request is transmitted.
- the terminal device 1 starts accepting the second time frame at a time t2 when a predetermined time (t2-t1) has elapsed since the start of accepting the first time frame.
- the terminal device 1 starts accepting the third time frame at a time t3 when a predetermined time (t3-t2) has elapsed since the start of accepting the second time frame.
- the terminal device 1 starts accepting the fourth time frame at time t4 when a predetermined time (t4-t3) has elapsed since the start of accepting the third time frame.
- the terminal device 1 ends acceptance of the fourth time frame at a time t5 when a predetermined time (t5-t4) has elapsed since the start of acceptance of the fourth time frame.
- IC cards 2A and 2B stand by until a request is received from terminal device 1.
- the CPUs 25 of the IC cards 2A and 2B recognize the total number of time frames set in the terminal device 1.
- the CPU 25 determines that the time t1 when a predetermined time (t1-t0) has elapsed from the time t0 when the last bit of the request is received is the start time of the first time frame.
- the CPU 25 recognizes each successive time frame based on the start time t1 of the first time frame and the recognized total number of time frames. In other words, the CPU 25 recognizes each time frame by dividing every time width T from the time t1. Thereby, the CPU 25 recognizes the start times t1, t2, t3, and t4 of each time frame.
- the CPU 25 assigns a number to each recognized time frame.
- the CPU 25 generates a random number by the random number generation unit 30, and selects one time frame based on the generated random number. For example, the CPU 25 converts part or all of the generated random number into a number equal to or less than the total number of time frames set by the terminal device 1.
- CPU25 selects the time frame provided with the number corresponding to the number converted from the random number.
- the CPU 25 When the CPU 25 detects communication by another IC card 2 during monitoring, the CPU 25 adds 1 to K and monitors the next time frame. If it is determined that there is no response from the other IC card 2 during the monitoring time, the CPU 25 transmits a response to the terminal device 1 after the monitoring time ends.
- the IC card 2B monitors during the time width 2p.
- the IC card 2B confirms that there is no response from the other IC card 2A between the start time t2 of the second time frame and the time width 2p.
- the IC card 2B performs control so that transmission of a response is started after the end of the monitoring time (time t2 + 2p).
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining an example of the initial response process of the IC card 2 according to the second embodiment.
- the IC card 2 stands by until a request is received from the terminal device 1 (step S31).
- the CPU 25 of the IC card 2 confirms the total time frame number n set in the terminal device 1 (step S33).
- the CPU 25 generates a random number by the random number generation unit 30 (step S34).
- the CPU 25 selects one time frame m based on the random number generated by the random number generation unit 30 (step S35).
- CPU 25 determines whether or not a response is transmitted from the other IC card 2 to the terminal device 1 during the predetermined time P (step S37).
- step S37 when communication by another IC card 2 is detected during monitoring (step S37, YES), the CPU 25 adds 1 to K (step S38), and monitors the next time frame.
- step S37 when communication by another IC card 2 is not detected during monitoring (step S37, NO), the CPU 25 transmits the response to the terminal device 1 after the monitoring time is over. Each part is controlled (step S39).
- the IC card 2 when receiving the initial response request command, the IC card 2 according to the present embodiment recognizes the total number of time frames based on the command.
- the IC card 2 selects a time frame based on a random number, and searches for a time frame that is prior to the selected time frame and that has not been selected by another IC card 2.
- the IC card 2 transmits a response to the terminal device 1 in the time frame. Thereby, processing time can be shortened.
- the CPU 25 of the IC card 2 performs control so that the monitoring time P in each time frame becomes shorter as the value of the time frame m selected first is smaller. Thereby, a collision can be prevented.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of the IC card 2 according to the third embodiment.
- the IC card 2 includes a card-like main body 21 and an IC module 22 built in the main body 21.
- the IC module 22 includes a CPU 101, a ROM 102, a RAM 103, a nonvolatile memory 104, a resonance unit 105, a transmission unit 106, a reception unit 107, a power supply unit 108, and a logic unit 109.
- the CPU 101 functions as a control unit that controls the entire IC card 2.
- the CPU 101 performs various processes based on the control program and control data stored in the ROM 102 or the nonvolatile memory 104. For example, various processes are performed in accordance with commands received from the card reader / writer 14, and data such as responses as processing results is generated.
- the ROM 102 is a non-volatile memory that stores a control program and control data in advance.
- the ROM 102 is incorporated in the IC card 2 in a state where a control program, control data, and the like are stored at the manufacturing stage. That is, the control program and control data stored in the ROM 102 are incorporated according to the specifications of the IC card 2 in advance.
- the RAM 103 is a volatile memory that functions as a working memory.
- the RAM 103 temporarily stores data being processed by the CPU 101.
- the RAM 103 temporarily stores data received from the terminal device 1 via the receiving unit 107.
- the RAM 103 temporarily stores a program executed by the CPU 101.
- the non-volatile memory 104 is configured by a non-volatile memory capable of writing and rewriting data, such as an EEPROM or a flash ROM.
- the non-volatile memory 104 stores a control program and various data according to the usage application of the IC card 2.
- a program file and a data file are created.
- a control program and various data are written in each created file.
- the CPU 101 can realize various processes by executing a program stored in the nonvolatile memory 104 or the ROM 102.
- the transmission unit 106 and the reception unit 107 are interfaces for performing contactless communication with the card reader / writer 14 of the terminal device 1.
- the transmission unit 106 performs encoding, modulation, and the like, and transmits data.
- the receiving unit 107 performs demodulation and decoding after data reception.
- the resonating unit 105 includes, for example, an antenna that performs non-contact communication with the card reader / writer 14 of the terminal device 1.
- the resonance unit 105 includes a transmission / reception circuit that amplifies transmission / reception data, and a signal processing unit.
- the power supply unit 108 receives radio waves from the card reader / writer 14 and generates an electromotive force and an operation clock.
- the power supply unit 108 supplies the generated power and operation clock to each unit of the IC card 2.
- Each part of the IC card 2 becomes operable when supplied with power.
- the logic unit 109 realizes various functions such as computation and random number generation. For example, when an initial response request is received from the card reader / writer 14, the logic unit 109 generates a random number.
- the IC card 2 performs different operations in response to the first initial response request in which the total number N of slots is 2 or more and in response to the initial response request in which the slot to be transmitted is specified thereafter.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the IC card 2 when responding to the first initial response request in which the total number N of slots is 2 or more.
- FIG. 9 shows the operation of the card A when the total number N of slots designated by the terminal device 1 is 4.
- the card A recognizes in the terminal device 1 that four slots “slot 0”, “slot 1”, “slot 2”, and “slot 3” have been set.
- the IC card A generates a random number by the logic unit 109 and selects a value n indicating a slot corresponding to the generated value.
- n 0
- the card A checks whether it can respond to 0 as a slot, that is, the first initial response request. Therefore, after receiving the initial initial response request, the card A determines whether or not a response is transmitted by another IC card 2 in each slot.
- slot order to be monitored is s, whether or not the IC card 2 makes an initial response for t ⁇ (ns) time after receiving a response request indicating each slot.
- the card A can determine whether or not communication processing is being performed in another IC card 2 by detecting a change in the magnetic field with the antenna provided in the resonance unit 105.
- the card A can respond to the initial initial response request. That is, the IC card A transmits a response to the terminal device 1 in the slot 0.
- the card A recognizes that there is no initial response from another non-contact IC card until 3t time elapses, the card A makes an initial response after 3t time elapses.
- the solid line arrow indicates that the card A returns a response to the first initial response request.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the IC card 2 when responding to the second and subsequent initial response requests in which the total number N of slots is specified to be 2 or more.
- the card A recognizes that there is no response from another IC card 2 until 2t time elapses, the card A responds to the terminal device 1 in the slot 1.
- card A designates slot 3 according to the first slot selection result. After receiving the response request from 1, it responds to the terminal device 1 without delay.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the operation of the IC card 2 in response to an initial response request in which the total number N of slots is 2 or more.
- step S41 the IC card 2 stands by until it receives an initial response request from the terminal device 1.
- step S42 the total number of slots N is designated in the received initial response request from the terminal device 1.
- step S43 the IC card 2 uses the logic unit 109 to generate a random number from the numbers from 0 to (N ⁇ 1), where N is the value specified in the initial response request. Select by.
- each slot in this example is assigned a number from slot 0 to slot 3. Therefore, the IC card 2 will be described as a configuration in which n is selected from the numbers up to N ⁇ 1, but is not limited to this configuration. When numbers 1 to 4 are assigned to the slots, the IC card 2 selects n from the numbers up to N.
- step S44 it is checked whether or not the selected number n is 0. In the case of Yes in step S44, that is, when n is 0, in step S45, the IC card 2 immediately responds. If No in step S44, that is, if n is not 0, the process proceeds to step S46.
- step S46 after receiving the initial response request from the terminal device 1, the IC card 2 monitors whether there is a response from another IC card 2 until t ⁇ (ns) time elapses, where t is a predetermined time. To do.
- the value of “s” corresponds to the slot number to be monitored.
- step S47 the IC card 2 next determines the terminal device 1 Wait for reception of response request sent from.
- the IC card When the IC card receives a response request indicating the next slot in step S47, the IC card adds 1 to s in step S48 and loops to step S46. That is, the IC card 2 shifts to a state in which the next slot is monitored. Here, the IC card 2 again determines whether or not there is a response from another IC card 2 within the monitoring time t ⁇ (ns).
- step S46 determines that the terminal device 1 in step S49. Send a response to.
- the IC card 2 receives the response request, and transmits a response to the terminal device 1 after elapse of t ⁇ (ns) time from the slot start time.
- the IC card 2 can shorten the initial response communication time compared to the conventional slot marker system.
- the terminal device 1 may transmit the initial initial response request to the IC card 2 again.
- SYMBOLS 1 Terminal device, 2 ... IC card, 10 ... IC card processing system, 11 ... Control part, 12 ... Display, 13 ... Keyboard, 14 ... Card reader / writer, 15 ... Memory
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Abstract
Description
図1に示すようにICカード処理システム10は、携帯可能電子装置の処理装置(端末装置)1と携帯可能電子装置(ICカード)2とを備えている。端末装置1とICカード2とは、無線通信により互いに種々のデータの送受信を行う。
ディスプレイ12は、制御部11の制御により種々の情報を表示する。キーボード13は、端末装置1の操作者による操作を操作信号として受け取る。
図3に示すように、ICカード2は、カード状の本体21と、本体21内に内蔵されたICモジュール22とを備えている。ICモジュール22は、1つ又は複数のICチップ23と、通信部24とを備える。ICチップ23と通信部24とは、互いに接続された状態でICモジュール22に形成されている。
また、通信部24は、例えば、端末装置1のカードリーダライタ14と非接触通信を行うアンテナを備える。またさらに、通信部24は、送受信データの増幅を行う送受信回路、及び信号処理部を備える。
図4は、第1の実施形態に係るICカード2の初期応答処理の例について概略的に説明するための説明図である。なお、ここでは、端末装置1が総時間枠数を4に設定したと仮定して説明する。また、端末装置1の通信可能範囲に存在するICカード2は、ICカード2AとICカード2Bの2枚であると仮定して説明する。
図6は、第2の実施形態に係るICカード2の初期応答処理の例について概略的に説明するための説明図である。なお、ここでは、端末装置1が総時間枠数を4に設定したと仮定して説明する。また、端末装置1の通信可能範囲に存在するICカード2は、ICカード2AとICカード2Bの2枚であると仮定して説明する。
ICカード2は、カード状の本体21と、本体21内に内蔵されたICモジュール22とを備えている。そしてICモジュール22には、CPU101、ROM102、RAM103、不揮発性メモリ104、共振部105、送信部106、受信部107、電源部108及びロジック部109が設けられている。
共振部105は、例えば、端末装置1のカードリーダライタ14と非接触通信を行うアンテナを備える。さらに、共振部105は、送受信データの増幅を行う送受信回路、及び信号処理部を備える。
ICカード2は、スロットの総数Nが2以上を指定した最初の初期応答要求に応答する場合と、その後に送信されるスロットを指定した初期応答要求に応答する場合とで異なる動作を実行する。
カードAは、最初の初期応答要求受信後、スロット0においてt×(n-s)=3t時間の間、他のICカード2の応答を監視する。このとき、カードBからの応答があるため、カードAは他のICカード2の応答があったことを認識し、応答しない。
ステップS46でYESの場合、即ち、監視時間t×(n-s)内に他のICカード2からの応答があることを認識した場合、ステップS47において、ICカード2は、次に端末装置1から送信される応答要求の受信を待つ。
Claims (15)
- 乱数を生成し、生成した乱数に応じたタイミングで応答を行う携帯可能電子装置であって、
外部機器から初期応答要求を受信する受信部と、
前記受信部により受信した初期応答要求に基づいて、前記外部機器において設定される総時間枠数を認識する認識部と、
乱数を生成する乱数生成部と、
他の携帯可能電子装置において行われる通信を検知する通信検知部と、
前記認識部により認識した総時間枠数と前記乱数生成部により生成した乱数とに基づいて、前記通信検知部により1つの時間枠の監視を行い、前記通信検知部によりの検知結果に基づいて、前記初期応答要求に対するレスポンスを前記外部機器に送信するか否かを判定する判定部と、
前記判定部による判定結果に基づいて、レスポンスを前記外部機器に送信する送信部と、
を具備することを特徴とする携帯可能電子装置。 - 前記認識部により認識した総時間枠数と、前記乱数生成部により生成した乱数とに基づいて、時間枠を選択する時間枠選択部をさらに具備し、
前記判定部は、前記時間枠選択部により選択した時間枠より前の1つの時間枠を再選択し、前記通信検知部により再選択した時間枠の監視を行い、前記通信検知部によりの検知結果に基づいて、前記初期応答要求に対するレスポンスを前記外部機器に送信するか否かを判定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の携帯可能電子装置。 - 前記判定部は、前記外部機器により設定される総時間枠数をnとし、前記時間枠選択部により選択される時間枠の番号をmとし、m>n/2の関係を満たす場合、n-m+1の番号に対応する時間枠を再選択することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の携帯可能電子装置。
- 前記判定部は、前記再選択した時間枠の開始時間から所定時間内に他の携帯可能電子装置において通信が行われたか否かを前記通信検知部の検知結果に基づいて判定することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の携帯可能電子装置。
- 前記判定部は、前記再選択した時間枠の開始時間から所定時間内に他の携帯可能電子装置において通信が行われないと判定した場合、前記再選択した時間枠においてレスポンスを前記外部機器に送信すると判定することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の携帯可能電子装置。
- 前記判定部は、前記再選択した時間枠の開始時間から所定時間内に他の携帯可能電子装置において通信が行われたと判定した場合、前記時間枠選択部により選択される時間枠においてレスポンスを前記外部機器に送信すると判定することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の携帯可能電子装置。
- 前記判定部は、前記時間枠選択部により選択される時間枠の番号をmとし、再選択する時間枠の番号をKとし、K≦mの関係を満たす1つの時間枠を再選択することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の携帯可能電子装置。
- 前記判定部は、前記再選択した時間枠の開始時間から所定時間内に他の携帯可能電子装置において通信が行われたか否かを前記通信検知部の検知結果に基づいて判定することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の携帯可能電子装置。
- 前記判定部は、前記通信検知部による検知に必要な時間をpとする場合、前記再選択した時間枠の開始時間からp・(m-K)の間、前記通信検知部により監視を行うことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の携帯可能電子装置。
- 前記判定部は、前記再選択した時間枠の開始時間から所定時間内に他の携帯可能電子装置において通信が行われないと判定した場合、前記再選択した時間枠においてレスポンスを前記外部機器に送信すると判定することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の携帯可能電子装置。
- 前記判定部は、前記再選択した時間枠の開始時間から所定時間内に他の携帯可能電子装置において通信が行われたと判定した場合、再選択する時間枠の番号であるKに1を加算することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の携帯可能電子装置。
- 前記認識部により認識した総時間枠数と、前記乱数生成部により生成した乱数とに基づいて、自然数nを生成するロジック部をさらに具備し、
前記判定部は、所定時間をtとし、前記受信部により受信する応答要求に基づいて時間枠を示す番号sを認識し、前記応答要求が示す時間枠の開始時間からt・(n-s)時間前記通信検知部により監視を行い、前記通信検知部の検知結果に基づいて、前記初期応答要求に対するレスポンスを前記外部機器に送信するか否かを判定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の携帯可能電子装置。 - 前記判定部は、前記応答要求が示す時間枠の開始時間からt・(n-s)時間内に他の携帯可能電子装置において通信が行われたか否かを前記通信検知部の検知結果に基づいて判定し、他の携帯可能電子装置において通信が行われないと判定した場合、前記応答要求が示す時間枠においてレスポンスを前記外部機器に送信すると判定することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の携帯可能電子装置。
- さらに、前記各部を備えるICモジュールと、
前記ICモジュールが設置される本体と、
を具備することを特徴する請求項1に記載の携帯可能電子装置。 - 乱数を生成し、生成した乱数に応じたタイミングで応答を行う携帯可能電子装置の制御方法であって、
外部機器から初期応答要求を受信し、
前記受信した初期応答要求に基づいて、前記外部機器において設定される総時間枠数を認識し、
乱数を生成し、
前記認識した総時間枠数と前記生成した乱数とに基づいて、1つの時間枠において他の携帯可能電子装置により行われる通信を検知し、
前記検知結果に基づいて、前記初期応答要求に対するレスポンスを前記外部機器に送信するか否かを判定し、
前記判定結果に基づいて、レスポンスを前記外部機器に送信する、
を具備することを特徴とする携帯可能電子装置の制御方法。
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