WO2010112649A1 - Enzymatic method for obtaining alpha-glycosylated derivatives of resveratrol having surfactant properties - Google Patents

Enzymatic method for obtaining alpha-glycosylated derivatives of resveratrol having surfactant properties Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2010112649A1
WO2010112649A1 PCT/ES2010/070177 ES2010070177W WO2010112649A1 WO 2010112649 A1 WO2010112649 A1 WO 2010112649A1 ES 2010070177 W ES2010070177 W ES 2010070177W WO 2010112649 A1 WO2010112649 A1 WO 2010112649A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resveratrol
cgtase
glucosyl
vol
dimethylsulfoxide
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2010/070177
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pamela Torres Salas
Francisco José PLOU GASCA
Antonio Ballesteros Olmo
José Luis PARRA JUEZ
Francesc Comelles Folch
Jesús JIMENEZ BARBERO
Ana Poveda Cabanes
Original Assignee
Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (Csic) (90%)
Universidad Autónoma De Madrid (10%)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (Csic) (90%), Universidad Autónoma De Madrid (10%) filed Critical Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (Csic) (90%)
Publication of WO2010112649A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010112649A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H15/00Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
    • C07H15/20Carbocyclic rings
    • C07H15/203Monocyclic carbocyclic rings other than cyclohexane rings; Bicyclic carbocyclic ring systems
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P19/00Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
    • C12P19/44Preparation of O-glycosides, e.g. glucosides

Definitions

  • the present invention falls within the field of the chemical industry, being very directly related to the food, biotechnology, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and medical sectors. This invention also relates to the new functional and nutraceutical food industries.
  • resveratrol fra / 7s-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene
  • resveratrol can critically interfere in a multitude of events associated with the development of degenerative diseases, including cardiovascular and cancer (AR Martin et al., "Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes, suppresses oxidative damage and stimulates apoptosis during early colonic inflammation in rats ", Biochem. Pharmacol. 2004, vol. 67, pp.
  • the desirable properties in the antioxidant compounds to be used as health promoters are: free radical scavenging capacity, stability and bioavailability.
  • the main problem of the use of phenolic compounds is their low stability and / or the modification they undergo in vivo in detoxification processes, where the most antioxidant clusters, such as, for example, o / to-dihydroxylic acid, are blocked. Therefore, it is necessary to find compounds that are sufficiently stable both at room temperature and at the temperature of the organism, and that are functional for the appropriate time before being degraded and / or metabolized.
  • One of the approaches that has been used to increase the stability of resveratrol, without decreasing its biological activity is the preparation of derivatives modified with a glycosyl moiety (F.
  • glycosylation position can vary substantially depending on the biocatalyst tested, and may, in principle, take place on any of the phenolic OH groups.
  • these glycosidic moieties added to the initial molecule are in turn possible acceptors of new groups, such that the number of possible derivatives grows considerably.
  • the inventors have found a procedure for the alpha-glycosylation of the natural antioxidant resveratrol giving rise to 8 major products, using soluble starch as a donor of glucoses and cyclodextrin-glucosyltransferases (CGTases) as biocatalysts.
  • CGTases cyclodextrin-glucosyltransferases
  • the present invention relates to a process for obtaining alpha-glycosylated derivatives of resveratrol, characterized in that it comprises the incubation of resveratrol with starch in the presence of a cyclodextrin-glucosyltransferase (CGTase), wherein said CGTase is derived from bacteria of the genera that are selected from the list comprising Thermoanaerobacter and Bacillus.
  • CGTase cyclodextrin-glucosyltransferase
  • the present invention relates to the aforementioned process where the CGTase is derived from a bacterium of the Thermoanaerobacter genus.
  • the present invention refers to the aforementioned process where the CGTase is derived from a bacterium of the Bacillus macerans species
  • the organisms of the genus Thermoanaerobacter belong to the Superreino Bacteria, Phylum Fjrmicutes, Clostr ⁇ dja Class, Thermoanaerobacterabs Order, Thermoanaembacteraceae Family.
  • the organisms of the genus Bacillus belong to the Superreino Bacteria, Phylum Firmicutes, BaciJJl Order BaciJJales, Family Bacillaceae,
  • Thermoanaerobacter Since the species of the genus Thermoanaerobacter are related in their evolution, it can be expected that there is a relationship between their phenotypic, physiological and metabolic characteristics. Therefore, although the present invention is exemplified with CGTase from Thermoanaerobacter sp., It is expected that enzymes from other species of the genus Thermoanaerobacter and Thermoanaerobacterium also serve to obtain alpha-glycosylated derivatives of resveratrol. In the same way, the species of the genus Bacillus are also related in terms of their evolution, and it can also be expected that there is a relationship between their phenotypic, physiological and metabolic characteristics.
  • the present invention is exemplified with individuals of the Bacillus macerans species, it can be expected that enzymes from other species of the Bacillus genus also serve to obtain alpha-glycosylated derivatives of resveratrol.
  • the term "gender”, as used herein, refers to the category of the biological classification (taxonomic category) comprising one or more phylogenetically and morphologically similar related species. They are also expected to share, as stated, similar biochemical and metabolic characteristics. "Taxonomic category” means the level of hierarchy used for the classification of organisms.
  • the term “phylogeny” as used herein refers to the true historical relationship between a set of taxa.
  • CGTase cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase
  • CD cyclodextrins
  • CGTases from various genera have been described, including gram negative and positive bacilli. These enzymes differ in their properties and reaction products.
  • the present invention refers to the process mentioned above where the reaction medium is sodium acetate buffer.
  • the present invention refers to the aforementioned process where the reaction medium is a sodium acetate / dimethylsulfoxide buffer mixture characterized in that the dimethylsulfoxide content in said mixture is up to 70%.
  • the present invention refers to the aforementioned process, where the addition of the enzyme is carried out in a volumetric proportion of 50-300 ⁇ l per ml of final volume.
  • the present invention refers to the aforementioned process where the incubation is carried out at a temperature between 40 0 C and 80 0 C.
  • the present invention refers to the process mentioned above where resveratrol is dissolved prior to incubation in a polar solvent that is selected from dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, acetone or acetonitrile.
  • a solution of resveratrol (from, for example but not limited to the Polygonum cuspidatum plant) is prepared in a mixture formed by 0.2 M buffer sodium acetate (pH 5.6) and dimethylsulfoxide, the buffer being the majority component (70-100%).
  • a glucose donor starch, preferably soluble (with a degree of polymerization close to 50), is used in excess 6/1 w / w with respect to resveratrol.
  • the mixture is heated at a temperature in the range between 25 and 80 0 C, and added as a bacterial biocatalyst CGTase (preferably Thermoanaerobacter sp. Bacillus macerans or).
  • the volumetric proportion of 50-300 ⁇ l per ml of final volume corresponds to a total of 0.15-0.90 kilounits (KNU) of alpha-amylase activity
  • the system is maintained between 8 and 24 hours, depending on the desired degree of glycosylation, preferably with orbital shaking and at a temperature between 25 and 80 0 C.
  • the reaction is monitored by thin layer chromatography (using as eluent heptane / ethyl acetate 1: 1 v / v and ultraviolet detection) and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in reverse phase (using a detector of photodiodes and an evaporative light scattering detector).
  • thin layer chromatography using as eluent heptane / ethyl acetate 1: 1 v / v and ultraviolet detection
  • HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
  • the aqueous phase is removed by evaporation under reduced pressure, and the residue obtained is purified by semi-preparative HPLC.
  • the inventors have structurally characterized the products obtained by the process of the present invention, using 2D-NMR techniques and mass spectrometry.
  • some of the products obtained by the process of the present invention have a typical surfactant behavior, an aspect that does not show the resveratrol molecule or the piceid, which indicates that the introduction of glycosylated residues in alpha-conformation substantially modifies the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of the resveratrol molecule until it is converted into a surfactant or surfactant.
  • HLB hydrophilic-lipophilic balance
  • Figure 1 shows a scheme of the glycosylation reaction of resveratrol catalyzed by the cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (CGTase) of Thermoanaerobacter sp. Only the main products of the reaction are shown, which have been characterized by NMR.
  • CCTase cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase
  • Figure 2 shows a semi-preparative HPLC chromatogram of the glycosylation reaction of resveratrol catalyzed by the CGTase of Thermoanaerobacter sp.
  • the reaction conditions were: 200 mg of resveratrol, 1.4 g of soluble starch, 20 ml of total volume (with a DMSO content of 20%), 0.42 KNU of CGTasa, 60 0 C.
  • the structure of the peaks indicated in The chromatogram is collected in Figure 3.
  • Figure 3 shows the chemical structure of the products, determined by mass spectroscopy and NMR, corresponding to the chromatogram peaks of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 shows the kinetics of the glycosylation reaction of resveratrol catalyzed by the CGTase of Thermoanaerobacter sp.
  • the different concentrations (mM) of the 8 major products are represented over a 168 hour reaction.
  • Figure 5 shows the kinetics of the glycosylation reaction of resveratrol catalyzed by the CGTase of Bacillus macerans.
  • the different concentrations (mM) of the 8 major products are represented over a 33-hour reaction.
  • Figure 6 shows the concentration of the 8 major products (M1, M2, D3, D4, D5, T7, T8 and TT14) in the maximum production, using the Thermoanaerobacter sp. (the maximum production is obtained at 5 h) and Bacillus macerans (the maximum production is obtained at 26 h).
  • the reaction conditions are the same as those indicated in Figures 4 and 5.
  • Figure 7 shows a representation of the two monoglucosylated products and their corresponding NMR spectra
  • Figure 8 shows a representation of the possible diglucosylated products and the NMR spectra of the diglucosylated compounds obtained in the reaction.
  • Figure 9 shows a representation of the possible triglycosylated products and the NMR spectra of the triglycosylated compounds obtained in the reaction.
  • Figure 10 represents the variation of the surface tension with the concentration of the compound 3-O- ⁇ -D-glucosyl-resveratrol (M1).
  • Figure 11 represents the variation of the surface tension with the concentration of the compound 4'-O- ⁇ -D-glucosyl-resveratrol (M2).
  • Figure 12 represents the variation of surface tension with Ia concentration of the 3,4'-di-O- ⁇ -D-glucosyl-resveratrol compound (D5).
  • Figure 13 represents the variation of the surface tension with the concentration of the compound 3-0- ⁇ -D-glucosyl-resveratrol (piceido).
  • EXAMPLE 1 Production of resveratrol glycosides with cyclodextrin-glucosyltransferase (CGTase) from Thermoanaerobacter sp.
  • CCTase cyclodextrin-glucosyltransferase
  • resveratrol 50 mg was weighed and dissolved in 1 ml of dimethylsulfoxide.
  • 300 mg of soluble potato starch (DP 50) were weighed and dissolved in 3.42 ml of 0.2 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.6). Both solutions were mixed (the ratio starch / resveratrol weight was 6/1) and the resulting mixture was heated to 60 0 C. 580 .mu.l of Thermoanaerobacter CGTase was then added sp. (Toruzyme 3.0 L, Novozymes A / S, Denmark). The mixture was incubated at 60 0 C with orbital shaking at 150 rpm and the reaction was continued for about 7 days.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Production of resveratrol glycosides with CGTase from Bacillus macerans
  • resveratrol 50 mg was weighed and dissolved in 1 ml of dimethylsulfoxide.
  • 300 mg of soluble potato starch (DP 50) were weighed and dissolved in 3.42 ml of 0.2 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.6). Both solutions were mixed (the starch / resveratrol weight ratio was 6/1) and the resulting mixture was heated to 60 0 C. 580 ⁇ l of Bacillus macerans CGTase ("Amano" CGTase, Amano Enzyme Europe Ltd. were then added. ). The mixture was incubated at 60 0 C with orbital shaking at 150 rpm and the reaction was continued for about 33 hours.
  • EXAMPLE 3 Scaling in the production of resveratrol glycosides.
  • the initial mobile phase was methanol / water 30/70 (v / v) at a flow rate of 9 ml / min for 10 minutes, changing to methanol / water 45/55 (v / v) in 5 minutes, then maintaining this composition for 15 minutes. It was then changed to methanol / water 70/30 (v / v) for 5 minutes to remain so for another 10 minutes. The water contained in all cases 0.1% (v / v) formic acid.
  • the photodiode detector performed the data collection at 216, 254, and 308 nm. At the exit of the column a flow divider 1/10 (Accurate, LC Packings) was coupled. Fractions were collected manually.
  • EXAMPLE 4 Surfactant properties of resveratrol glycosides.
  • the surfactant properties (surfactants) of some of the glycosylated derivatives obtained were studied: 3-O- ⁇ -D-glucosyl-resveratrol (M1), 4'-O- ⁇ -D-glucosyl-resveratrol (M2) and 3,4 '-di-O- ⁇ -D-glucosyl-resveratrol (D5).
  • M1 showed a typical surfactant behavior, as evidenced by a linear decrease of the surface tension against the logarithm of the concentration, until reaching the stabilization from the so-called critical micellar concentration (eme).
  • the behavior of compound M2 was also indicative of surface activity, although in this case two inflection points appeared in the graph.
  • micellar preaggregation the concentration at which it appears is called the critical aggregation concentration or falls.
  • the second inflection corresponds to the eme, which is very similar to that of compound 1.
  • the behavior of compound D5 was also typical of a compound with surface activity, although with a very limited decrease in surface tension that does not fall below 59 mN / m. Possibly, the fact that the two hydrophilic glucose groups anchored to the resveratrol are in opposite positions (3 and 4 ') can hinder their adsorption at the interface. Taking into account the structure of the molecule and its behavior with respect to the eme, the compound D5 can be considered a surfactant of the bolamphile type, with the two polar groups of glucose located at the opposite ends of the molecule, and separated by the resveratrol acting as lipophilic group.
  • the natural glycosylated compound 3-O- ⁇ -D-glucosyl-resveratrol has no significant surfactant properties.
  • the surface tension of the maximum concentration obtainable in water (375 mg / l) has practically the value of the surface tension of the water. There is no surface adsorption or aggregation.
  • the maximum adsorption data r on the surface saturated in moles / cm 2 and the area occupied A per adsorbed molecule were calculated from the Gibbs equation.
  • Other data provided are the surface tension to the eme (related to the effectiveness, which consists of the lowest surface tension obtainable by a surfactant) and the parameter pC 2 or related to the efficiency, and which corresponds to the logarithm (with negative sign ) of the concentration (molar) that reduces the surface tension of the water by 20 units. This being about 72 mN / m, C 2 or is the concentration necessary to reduce the surface tension to 52 mN / m).
  • the following Table compiles the main surfactant properties of compounds M1, M2 and D5.
  • Example 4 The results of Example 4 are represented in Figures 10, 11, 12 and 13.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention is intended for use in the chemical industry and relates to a new enzymatic method for obtaining alpha-glycoside derivatives of resveratrol, in which a cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is used, said CGTase originating from bacteria selected from the genuses Thermoanaerobacter and Bacillus.

Description

PROCEDIMIENTO ENZIMÁTICO PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE DERIVADOS ALFA-GLUCOSILADOS DE RESVERATROL CON PROPIEDADES TENSIOACTIVAS ENZYMATIC PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING ALFA-GLUCOSILATE DERIVATIVES OF RESVERATROL WITH TENSIOACTIVE PROPERTIES
La presente invención se encuadra dentro del campo de Ia industria química, estando muy directamente relacionada con los sectores alimentario, biotecnológico, cosmético, farmacéutico y médico. Esta invención se relaciona asimismo con las nuevas industrias de alimentos funcionales y nutracéuticos.The present invention falls within the field of the chemical industry, being very directly related to the food, biotechnology, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and medical sectors. This invention also relates to the new functional and nutraceutical food industries.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA ANTERIORSTATE OF THE PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE
En los últimos años, diferentes estudios han evidenciado el efecto beneficioso para Ia salud que se deriva de Ia ingesta de alimentos de origen vegetal (frutas, hortalizas, aceite de oliva virgen, vino tinto, té, etc.). Las propiedades saludables que ejercen estos alimentos van más allá de las que cabría esperar por sus nutrientes, vitaminas y sales minerales, por Io que se ha postulado que se deben a los metabolitos secundarios que contienen, ocupando un lugar destacado entre éstos los polifenoles. De las diferentes actividades biológicas de los polifenoles, Ia antioxidante es Ia que ha suscitado mayor interés puesto que los antioxidantes se usan para contrarrestar los efectos de los procesos oxidativos in vivo, que se han relacionado entre otros con algunas enfermedades inflamatorias, cardiovasculares, cáncer o incluso del envejecimiento (Y.Z. Fang et al., "Free radicáis, antioxidants, and nutrition", Nutrítion 2002, vol. 18, pp. 872-879).In recent years, different studies have shown the beneficial effect on health that derives from the intake of plant-based foods (fruits, vegetables, virgin olive oil, red wine, tea, etc.). The healthy properties that these foods exert go beyond what one would expect for their nutrients, vitamins and mineral salts, so it has been postulated that they are due to the secondary metabolites they contain, occupying a prominent place among these polyphenols. Of the different biological activities of the polyphenols, the antioxidant is the one that has generated the greatest interest since antioxidants are used to counteract the effects of oxidative processes in vivo, which have been related among others with some inflammatory, cardiovascular, cancer or even of aging (YZ Fang et al., "Free radicáis, antioxidants, and nutrition", Nutrition 2002, vol. 18, pp. 872-879).
Entre los compuestos polifenólicos es muy destacable el caso del resveratrol (fra/7s-3,5,4'-trihidroxiestilbeno), producto natural presente en el hollejo de Ia uva. Se ha descrito que el resveratrol puede interferir de manera crítica en multitud de eventos asociados al desarrollo de enfermedades degenerativas, incluyendo las cardiovasculares y el cáncer (A.R. Martin et al., "Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes, suppresses oxidative damage and stimulates apoptosis during early colonic inflammation in rats", Biochem. Pharmacol. 2004, vol. 67, pp. 1399-1410; J. M. Wu et al., "Mechanism of cardioprotection by resveratrol, a phenolic antioxidant present in red wine (Review)", Int. J. Mol. Med. 2001 , vol. 8, pp. 3-17). También se ha demostrado Ia actividad del resveratrol como antiagregante plaquetario (Y. Kimura et al., "Effects of stilbenes on arachidonate metabolism in leukocytes", Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1985, vol. 175, p. 275) y vasodilatador coronario (Y. Inamori et al., "The ichthyotoxicity and coronary vasodilator action of 3,3'-dihydroxy-alpha,beta- diethylstilbene" Chem. Pharm. BuII. 1987, vol. 35, p. 887); asimismo, presenta actividad antileucémica (E. Mannila et al., "Anti-leukaemic compounds derived from stilbenes in Picea abies bark", Phytochemistry 1993, vol. 33, p. 813), antifúngica (P. Langcake et al., "Identification of pterostilbene as a phytoalexin from Vitis vinifera leaves", Phytochemistry 1979, vol. 18, p.1025) e inhibitoria de Ia proteína tirosina quinasa (G. S. Jayatilake et al., "Kinase inhibitors from Polygonum cuspidatum" J. Nat. Prod. 1993, vol. 56, p. 1805).Among the polyphenolic compounds, the case of resveratrol (fra / 7s-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene), a natural product present in the grape skins, is very remarkable. It has been described that resveratrol can critically interfere in a multitude of events associated with the development of degenerative diseases, including cardiovascular and cancer (AR Martin et al., "Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes, suppresses oxidative damage and stimulates apoptosis during early colonic inflammation in rats ", Biochem. Pharmacol. 2004, vol. 67, pp. 1399-1410; JM Wu et al.," Mechanism of cardioprotection by resveratrol, a phenolic antioxidant present in red wine (Review) ", Int. J. Mol. Med. 2001, vol. 8, pp. 3-17) The activity of resveratrol as a platelet antiaggregant has also been demonstrated (Y. Kimura et al., "Effects of stilbenes on arachidonate metabolism in leukocytes" , Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1985, vol. 175, p. 275) and coronary vasodilator (Y. Inamori et al., "The ichthyotoxicity and coronary vasodilator action of 3,3'-dihydroxy-alpha, beta-diethylstilbene" Chem. Pharm. BuII. 1987, vol. 35, p. 887); likewise, it presents antileukemic activity (E. Mannila et al., "Anti-leukaemic compounds derived from stilbenes in Picea abies bark", Phytochemistry 1993, vol. 33, p 813), antifungal (P. Langcake et al., "Identification of pterostilbene as a phytoalexin from Vitis vinifera leaves", Phytochemistry 1979, vol. 18, p.1025) and inhi bitoria of the protein tyrosine kinase (GS Jayatilake et al., "Kinase inhibitors from Polygonum cuspidatum" J. Nat. Prod. 1993, vol. 56, p. 1805).
En general, las propiedades deseables en los compuestos antioxidantes para ser empleados como promotores de Ia salud son: capacidad captadora de radicales libres, estabilidad y biodisponibilidad. El principal problema del uso de los compuestos fenólicos es su baja estabilidad y/o Ia modificación que sufren in vivo en procesos de detoxificación, donde las agrupaciones más antioxidantes, como por ejemplo Ia o/to-dihidroxílica, son bloqueadas. Por tanto, es necesario encontrar compuestos que sean suficientemente estables tanto a temperatura ambiente como a Ia temperatura del organismo, y que sean funcionales el tiempo adecuado antes de ser degradados y/o metabolizados. Una de las aproximaciones que se ha utilizado para aumentar Ia estabilidad del resveratrol, sin disminuir su actividad biológica, es Ia preparación de derivados modificados con un resto glicosilo (F. Orsini et al., "Isolation, synthesis, and antiplatelet aggregation activity of resveratrol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and related compounds", J. Nat. Prod. 1997, vol. 60, pp. 1082-1087; G. Regev-Shoshani et al., "Glycosylation of resveratrol protects it from enzymic oxidation", Biochem. J. 2003, vol. 374, pp. 157-163) o con una cadena lipofílica (V. Cardile et al., "Chemoenzymatic synthesis and cell-growth inhibition activity of resveratrol analogues", Bioorg. Chem. 2005, vol. 33, pp. 22-33). Además, se ha descrito en Ia naturaleza Ia presencia del derivado glicosilado 3-O-β-D-glucosil-resveratrol, denominado piceido (A. I. Romero-Pérez et al., "Piceid, the mayor resveratrol derivative in grape juices", J. Agrie. Food CΛem.1999, vol. 47, pp. 1533-1536), que exhibe muchas de sus propiedades antioxidantes y biológicas.In general, the desirable properties in the antioxidant compounds to be used as health promoters are: free radical scavenging capacity, stability and bioavailability. The main problem of the use of phenolic compounds is their low stability and / or the modification they undergo in vivo in detoxification processes, where the most antioxidant clusters, such as, for example, o / to-dihydroxylic acid, are blocked. Therefore, it is necessary to find compounds that are sufficiently stable both at room temperature and at the temperature of the organism, and that are functional for the appropriate time before being degraded and / or metabolized. One of the approaches that has been used to increase the stability of resveratrol, without decreasing its biological activity, is the preparation of derivatives modified with a glycosyl moiety (F. Orsini et al., "Isolation, synthesis, and antiplatelet aggregation activity of resveratrol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and related compounds ", J. Nat. Prod. 1997, vol. 60, pp. 1082-1087; G. Regev-Shoshani et al.," Glycosylation of resveratrol protects it from enzymic oxidation ", Biochem. J. 2003, vol. 374, pp. 157-163) or with a lipophilic chain (V. Cardile et al.," Chemoenzymatic synthesis and cell-growth inhibition activity of resveratrol analogues ", Bioorg. Chem. 2005, vol. 33, pp. 22-33) In addition, the presence of the glycosylated derivative 3-O-β-D-glucosyl-resveratrol, called piceid (AI Romero-Pérez et al. al., "Piceid, the major resveratrol derivative in grape juices", J. Agrie. Food CΛem. 1999, vol. 47, pp. 1533-1536), which exhibits many of its antioxidant and biological properties.
La primera transformación del resveratrol en un piceido fue descrita por Cichewicz and Kouzi ("Biotransformation of resveratrol to piceid by Bacillus cereus", J. Nat. Prod. 1998, vol. 61 , pp. 1313-1314), obteniendo 3-0-β-D- glucosil-resveratrol, con células enteras de Bacillus cereus. Shim et al. ("Enzymatic preparation of phenolic glucosides by Streptococcus mutans", BuII. Korean Chem. Soc. 2003, vol. 24, pp. 1680-1682) obtuvieron 3-O-α-D- glucosil-resveratrol mediante Ia biotransformación de resveratrol con células de Streptococcus mutans.The first transformation of resveratrol into a piceid was described by Cichewicz and Kouzi ("Biotransformation of resveratrol to piceid by Bacillus cereus", J. Nat. Prod. 1998, vol. 61, pp. 1313-1314), obtaining 3-0- β-D-glucosyl-resveratrol, with whole Bacillus cereus cells. Shim et al. ("Enzymatic preparation of phenolic glucosides by Streptococcus mutans", BuII. Korean Chem. Soc. 2003, vol. 24, pp. 1680-1682) obtained 3-O-α-D-glucosyl-resveratrol by means of biotransformation of resveratrol with cells of Streptococcus mutans.
Resulta muy interesante intentar modular Ia biodisponibilidad de los antioxidantes. En el caso del resveratrol, compuesto muy poco soluble en agua, Ia adición de un resto glicosilo permite de manera sencilla modificar su balance hidrófilo-lipófilo. Estos derivados glicosilados mantienen Ia estabilidad del antioxidante y son más solubles en medios acuosos, Io que permite variar las condiciones de formulación, tanto a nivel farmacéutico como cosmético o alimentario. Para favorecer Ia solubilidad del resveratrol en medios acuosos, se han comenzado a desarrollar sistemas micelares y otros basados en Ia formación de complejos de inclusión (Z. Lu et al.,It is very interesting to try to modulate the bioavailability of antioxidants. In the case of resveratrol, a compound very poorly soluble in water, the addition of a glycosyl moiety allows the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance to be modified in a simple manner. These glycosylated derivatives maintain the stability of the antioxidant and are more soluble in aqueous media, which allows the formulation conditions to vary, both pharmaceutical and cosmetic or food. To favor the solubility of resveratrol in aqueous media, micellar and other systems based on the formation of inclusion complexes have begun to be developed (Z. Lu et al.,
"Complexation of resveratrol with cyclodextrins: Solubility and antioxidant activity", Food Chem. 2009, vol. 113, pp. 17-20). Además, dichas modificaciones pueden ejercer un papel crítico en cuanto a tiempo de residencia en el organismo, grado de metabolismo, eficacia en Ia absorción, y en definitiva, efectividad como nuevos posibles antioxidantes y/o nutracéuticos."Complexation of resveratrol with cyclodextrins: Solubility and antioxidant activity", Food Chem. 2009, vol. 113, pp. 17-20). In addition, said modifications can play a critical role in terms of residence time in the organism, degree of metabolism, efficiency in absorption, and ultimately, effectiveness as new possible antioxidants and / or nutraceuticals.
Asimismo, modificaciones químicas mínimas en el núcleo estilbeno del resveratrol pueden causar grandes cambios en su actividad biológica y, más concretamente, en sus propiedades antitumorales (R. Chillemi et al., "Antitumor properties of stilbene-based resveratrol analogues: Recent results", Nat. Prod. Commun. 2007, vol. 2, pp. 499-513). Así, algunos derivados de resveratrol con cadenas acilo han mostrado mayor inhibición sobre el crecimiento celular de células de cáncer de próstata DU-145 que el propio resveratrol (V. Cardile et al., "Chemo-enzymatic synthesis and cell-growth inhibition activity of resveratrol analogues", Bioorg. Chem. 2005, vol. 33, pp.22-33).Also, minimal chemical modifications in the stilbene nucleus of resveratrol can cause major changes in its biological activity and, more specifically, in its antitumor properties (R. Chillemi et al., "Antitumor properties of stilbene-based resveratrol analogues: Recent results", Nat. Prod. Commun. 2007, vol. 2, pp. 499-513). Thus, some resveratrol derivatives with acyl chains have shown greater inhibition on the cell growth of DU-145 prostate cancer cells than resveratrol itself (V. Cardile et al., "Chemo-enzymatic synthesis and cell-growth inhibition activity of resveratrol analogues ", Bioorg. Chem. 2005, vol. 33, pp. 22-33).
La modificación por métodos enzimáticos ofrece rendimientos y selectividades muy notables en condiciones suaves de operación (temperaturas bajas y presión atmosférica), Io que disminuye el consumo energético, dando lugar a una importante reducción de los costes (P. Torres et al., "Enzymatic modification for ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol to enhance their stability in food and nutritional applications" Open Food Sci. J. 2008, vol. 2, pp. 1-9). Debido al enorme interés de los derivados de antioxidantes naturales como sustancias terapéuticas, ingredientes funcionales, nutracéuticos y/o agentes cosméticos, se han postulado los métodos enzimáticos como una alternativa "sostenible" para Ia producción de los mismos.The modification by enzymatic methods offers very remarkable yields and selectivities under mild operating conditions (low temperatures and atmospheric pressure), which reduces energy consumption, leading to a significant reduction in costs (P. Torres et al., "Enzymatic modification for ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol to enhance their stability in food and nutritional applications "Open Food Sci. J. 2008, vol. 2, pp. 1-9). Due to the enormous interest of derivatives of natural antioxidants such as therapeutic substances, functional ingredients, nutraceuticals and / or cosmetic agents, enzymatic methods have been postulated as a "sustainable" alternative for their production.
Cuando se hace reaccionar un compuesto polifenólico con un enzima que transfiere restos glicosídicos, Ia posición de glicosilación pueden variar sustancialmente en función del biocatalizador ensayado, pudiendo, en principio, tener lugar sobre cualquiera de los grupos OH fenólicos. Además, estos restos glicosídicos añadidos a Ia molécula inicial son a su vez posibles aceptores de nuevos grupos, de tal manera que el número de posibles derivados crece considerablemente. Así, en el caso del resveratrol, que presenta tres grupos fenólicos (en las posiciones 3-, 5- y 4'- del núcleo estilbeno, aunque al tratarse de una molécula simétrica las posiciones 3 y 5 son equivalentes), se ha descrito que Ia reacción con células enteras de Streptococcus mutans da lugar selectivamente a 3-O-α-D-glucosil- resveratrol con un rendimiento del 18% (H. Shim et al., "Enzymatic preparation of phenolic glucosides by Streptococcus mutans", BuII. Korean Chem. Soc. 2003, vol. 24, pp. 1680-1682). También se ha reportado Ia preparación de 3-O-β-D-glucosil-resveratrol con células enteras de Bacillus cereus, con un rendimiento del 11 % (R. H. Cichewicz and S.A. Kouzi, "Biotransformation of resveratrol to piceid by Bacillus cereus", J. Nat. Prod. 1998, vol. 61 , pp. 1313-1314). Estos bajos rendimientos se explican fácilmente debido a Ia baja solubilidad del sustrato en el medio de reacción (las enzimas que transfieren glucosas trabajan en medios preferiblemente acuosos, al igual que cuando se emplean extractos celulares). Existen también diversos procedimientos de síntesis química de este compuesto (3- O-β-D-glucosil-resveratrol) (F. Orsini et al., "Synthesis of biologically active polyphenolic glycosides (combretrastatin and resveratrol series)", Carbohydr. Res. 1997, vol. 301 , pp. 95-109; D.A. Learmonth, "A Novel, Convenient Synthesis of the 3-O-β-D- and 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranosides of trans- resveratrol, Synth. Commun. 2004, vol. 34, pp. 1565-1575).When a polyphenolic compound is reacted with an enzyme that transfers glycosidic moieties, the glycosylation position can vary substantially depending on the biocatalyst tested, and may, in principle, take place on any of the phenolic OH groups. In addition, these glycosidic moieties added to the initial molecule are in turn possible acceptors of new groups, such that the number of possible derivatives grows considerably. Thus, in the case of resveratrol, which has three phenolic groups (in positions 3-, 5- and 4'- of the stilbene nucleus, although being a symmetric molecule positions 3 and 5 are equivalent), it has been described that The reaction with whole cells of Streptococcus mutans selectively gives rise to 3-O-α-D-glucosyl-resveratrol with a yield of 18% (H. Shim et al., "Enzymatic preparation of phenolic glucosides by Streptococcus mutans", BuII. Korean Chem. Soc. 2003, vol. 24, pp. 1680-1682). The preparation of 3-O-β-D-glucosyl-resveratrol with whole Bacillus cereus cells has also been reported, with a yield of 11% (RH Cichewicz and SA Kouzi, "Biotransformation of resveratrol to piceid by Bacillus cereus", J Nat. Prod. 1998, vol. 61, pp. 1313-1314). These low yields are easily explained due to the low solubility of the substrate in the reaction medium (the enzymes that transfer glucoses work in preferably aqueous media, just like when cell extracts are used). There are also various chemical synthesis procedures for this compound (3- O-β-D-glucosyl-resveratrol) (F. Orsini et al., "Synthesis of biologically active polyphenolic glycosides (combretrastatin and resveratrol series)", Carbohydr. Res. 1997, vol. 301, pp. 95-109; DA Learmonth, "A Novel, Convenient Synthesis of the 3-O-β-D- and 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranosides of trans-resveratrol, Synth. Commun . 2004, vol. 34, pp. 1565-1575).
Por tanto, sería ventajoso encontrar un procedimiento eficiente de obtención de derivados glucosilados de resveratrol en el que se consiga minimizar Ia oxidación y fotodestrucción del resveratrol, incrementar su solubilidad en agua, aumentar su tiempo de vida y mejorar su biodisponibilidad.Therefore, it would be advantageous to find an efficient procedure for obtaining glycosylated derivatives of resveratrol in which it is possible to minimize the oxidation and photodestruction of resveratrol, increase its solubility in water, increase its life time and improve its bioavailability.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Los inventores han encontrado un procedimiento para Ia alfa-glucosilación del antioxidante natural resveratrol dando lugar a 8 productos mayoritarios, utilizando almidón soluble como donador de glucosas y ciclodextrina- glucosiltransferasas (CGTasas) como biocatalizadores.The inventors have found a procedure for the alpha-glycosylation of the natural antioxidant resveratrol giving rise to 8 major products, using soluble starch as a donor of glucoses and cyclodextrin-glucosyltransferases (CGTases) as biocatalysts.
En un primer aspecto, Ia presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento de obtención de derivados alfa-glucosilados de resveratrol, caracterizado porque comprende Ia incubación de resveratrol con almidón en presencia de una ciclodextrina-glucosiltransferasa (CGTasa), donde dicha CGTasa procede de bacterias de los géneros que se seleccionan de Ia lista que comprende Thermoanaerobacter y Bacillus.In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a process for obtaining alpha-glycosylated derivatives of resveratrol, characterized in that it comprises the incubation of resveratrol with starch in the presence of a cyclodextrin-glucosyltransferase (CGTase), wherein said CGTase is derived from bacteria of the genera that are selected from the list comprising Thermoanaerobacter and Bacillus.
En una realización preferida, Ia presente invención se refiere al procedimiento mencionado anteriormente donde Ia CGTasa procede de una bacteria del género Thermoanaerobacter.In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the aforementioned process where the CGTase is derived from a bacterium of the Thermoanaerobacter genus.
En una realización preferida, Ia presente invención se refiere al procedimiento mencionado anteriormente donde Ia CGTasa procede de una bacteria de Ia especie Bacillus maceransIn a preferred embodiment, the present invention refers to the aforementioned process where the CGTase is derived from a bacterium of the Bacillus macerans species
Los organismos del género Thermoanaerobacter pertenecen al Superreino Bacteria, Phylum Fjrmicutes, Clase Clostrídja, Orden Thermoanaerobacterabs, Familia Thermoanaembacteraceae.The organisms of the genus Thermoanaerobacter belong to the Superreino Bacteria, Phylum Fjrmicutes, Clostrídja Class, Thermoanaerobacterabs Order, Thermoanaembacteraceae Family.
Los organismos del género Bacillus pertenecen al Superreino Bacteria, Phylum Firmicutes, Clase BaciJJl Orden BaciJJales, Familia Bacillaceae,The organisms of the genus Bacillus belong to the Superreino Bacteria, Phylum Firmicutes, BaciJJl Order BaciJJales, Family Bacillaceae,
Dado que las especies del género Thermoanaerobacter son afines en cuanto a su evolución, puede esperarse que exista una relación entre sus características fenotípicas, fisiológicas y metabólicas. Por tanto, aunque Ia presente invención se ejemplifica con CGTasa procedente de Thermoanaerobacter sp., puede esperarse que enzimas procedentes de otras especies del género Thermoanaerobacter y Thermoanaerobacterium sirvan también para obtener derivados alfa-glucosilados de resveratrol. De Ia misma manera, las especies del género Bacillus también son afines en cuanto a su evolución, y también puede esperarse que exista una relación entre sus características fenotípicas, fisiológicas y metabólicas. Por tanto, aunque Ia presente invención se ejemplifica con individuos de Ia especie Bacillus macerans, puede esperarse que enzimas procedentes de otras especies del género Bacillus sirvan también para obtener derivados alfa- glucosilados de resveratrol. El término "género", tal y como se utiliza en esta memoria, hace referencia a Ia categoría de Ia clasificación biológica (categoría taxonómica) que comprende una o más especies relacionadas filogenéticamente y morfológicamente similares. También se espera que compartan, como se ha dicho, características bioquímicas y metabólicas similares. Por "categoría taxonómica" se entiende el nivel de jerarquía utilizado para Ia clasificación de los organismos. El término "filogenia" como aquí se usa se refiere a Ia relación histórica verdadera entre un conjunto de taxones.Since the species of the genus Thermoanaerobacter are related in their evolution, it can be expected that there is a relationship between their phenotypic, physiological and metabolic characteristics. Therefore, although the present invention is exemplified with CGTase from Thermoanaerobacter sp., It is expected that enzymes from other species of the genus Thermoanaerobacter and Thermoanaerobacterium also serve to obtain alpha-glycosylated derivatives of resveratrol. In the same way, the species of the genus Bacillus are also related in terms of their evolution, and it can also be expected that there is a relationship between their phenotypic, physiological and metabolic characteristics. Therefore, although the present invention is exemplified with individuals of the Bacillus macerans species, it can be expected that enzymes from other species of the Bacillus genus also serve to obtain alpha-glycosylated derivatives of resveratrol. The term "gender", as used herein, refers to the category of the biological classification (taxonomic category) comprising one or more phylogenetically and morphologically similar related species. They are also expected to share, as stated, similar biochemical and metabolic characteristics. "Taxonomic category" means the level of hierarchy used for the classification of organisms. The term "phylogeny" as used herein refers to the true historical relationship between a set of taxa.
El termino "ciclodextrina glucosiltransferasa (CGTasa)" tal y como se utiliza en esta memoria se refiere a Ia enzima que cataliza Ia transformación del almidón en ciclodextrinas (CD), oligosacáridos cíclicos, de 6, 7 y 8 residuos de glucosa por molécula, denominados alfa, beta y gama-CD respectivamente. Estas son importantes tanto en el área de investigación básica como en Ia aplicada, industrias alimenticia y farmacéutica entre otras. Se han descripto CGTasas provenientes de diversos géneros, comprendiento bacilos gram negativos y positivos. Dichas enzimas difieren en sus propiedades y productos de reacción.The term "cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (CGTase)" as used herein refers to the enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of starch into cyclodextrins (CD), cyclic oligosaccharides, of 6, 7 and 8 glucose residues per molecule, called alpha, beta and gamma-CD respectively. These are important both in the area of basic and applied research, food and pharmaceutical industries, among others. CGTases from various genera have been described, including gram negative and positive bacilli. These enzymes differ in their properties and reaction products.
En una realización preferida, Ia presente invención se refiere al procedimiento mencionado anteriormente donde el medio de reacción es tampón acetato sódico.In a preferred embodiment, the present invention refers to the process mentioned above where the reaction medium is sodium acetate buffer.
En una realización preferida, Ia presente invención se refiere al procedimiento mencionado anteriormente donde el medio de reacción es una mezcla tampón acetato sódico/dimetilsulfóxido caracterizado porque el contenido de dimetilsulfóxido en dicha mezcla es de hasta el 70%.In a preferred embodiment, the present invention refers to the aforementioned process where the reaction medium is a sodium acetate / dimethylsulfoxide buffer mixture characterized in that the dimethylsulfoxide content in said mixture is up to 70%.
En una realización preferida, Ia presente invención se refiere al procedimiento mencionado anteriormente, donde Ia adición de Ia enzima se realiza en una proporción volumétrica de 50-300 μl por cada mi de volumen final.In a preferred embodiment, the present invention refers to the aforementioned process, where the addition of the enzyme is carried out in a volumetric proportion of 50-300 µl per ml of final volume.
En una realización preferida, Ia presente invención se refiere al procedimiento mencionado anteriormente donde Ia incubación se realiza a una temperatura de entre 40 0C y 80 0C.In a preferred embodiment, the present invention refers to the aforementioned process where the incubation is carried out at a temperature between 40 0 C and 80 0 C.
En otra realización preferida, Ia presente invención se refiere al procedimiento mencionado anteriormente donde el resveratrol se disuelve previamente a Ia incubación en un disolvente polar que se selecciona entre dimetilsulfóxido, tetrahidrofurano, acetona o acetonitrilo.In another preferred embodiment, the present invention refers to the process mentioned above where resveratrol is dissolved prior to incubation in a polar solvent that is selected from dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, acetone or acetonitrile.
Inicialmente según el procedimiento de Ia presente invención, se prepara una disolución de resveratrol (procedente de, por ejemplo pero sin limitarse a Ia planta Polygonum cuspidatum) en una mezcla formada por tampón 0.2 M acetato sódico (pH 5.6) y dimetilsulfóxido, siendo el tampón el componente mayoritario (70-100%). Como donador de glucosa se utiliza almidón, preferiblemente soluble (con un grado de polimerización próximo a 50), en un exceso 6/1 p/p respecto del resveratrol. La mezcla se calienta a una temperatura comprendida en el intervalo entre 25 y 80 0C, y se añade como biocatalizador una CGTasa bacteriana (preferentemente de Thermoanaerobacter sp. o de Bacillus macerans).Initially according to the process of the present invention, a solution of resveratrol (from, for example but not limited to the Polygonum cuspidatum plant) is prepared in a mixture formed by 0.2 M buffer sodium acetate (pH 5.6) and dimethylsulfoxide, the buffer being the majority component (70-100%). As a glucose donor, starch, preferably soluble (with a degree of polymerization close to 50), is used in excess 6/1 w / w with respect to resveratrol. The mixture is heated at a temperature in the range between 25 and 80 0 C, and added as a bacterial biocatalyst CGTase (preferably Thermoanaerobacter sp. Bacillus macerans or).
En el caso de Ia CGTasa de Thermoanaerobacter sp., Ia proporción volumétrica de 50-300 μl por cada mi de volumen final corresponde a un total de 0.15-0.90 kilounidades (KNU) de actividad alfa-amilasaIn the case of the Thermoanaerobacter sp. CGTase, the volumetric proportion of 50-300 μl per ml of final volume corresponds to a total of 0.15-0.90 kilounits (KNU) of alpha-amylase activity
(determinadas por el ensayo estándar de Novozymes, siendo una KNU Ia correspondiente a Ia degradación de 5.26 g de almidón por hora). En el caso de Ia CGTasa de Bacillus macerans, este volumen de biocatalizador corresponde a un total de 30-180 unidades de actividad, determinadas por el ensayo estándar de Tilden y Hudson (Tilden E. B. et al., J. Bacteriol. 1942, vol. 43, pp. 527-544).(determined by the standard Novozymes test, being a KNU Ia corresponding to the degradation of 5.26 g of starch per hour). In the case of the Bacillus macerans CGTase, this volume of biocatalyst corresponds to a total of 30-180 units of activity, determined by the standard Tilden and Hudson test (Tilden EB et al., J. Bacteriol. 1942, vol. 43, pp. 527-544).
El sistema se mantiene entre 8 y 24 horas, dependiendo del grado de glicosilación deseado, preferentemente con agitación orbital y a una temperatura entre 25 y 80 0C.The system is maintained between 8 and 24 hours, depending on the desired degree of glycosylation, preferably with orbital shaking and at a temperature between 25 and 80 0 C.
El seguimiento de Ia reacción se lleva a cabo por cromatografía en capa fina (utilizando como eluyente heptano/acetato de etilo 1 :1 v/v y detección ultravioleta) y por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC) en fase reversa (utilizando un detector de fotodiodos y un detector evaporativo de dispersión de luz).The reaction is monitored by thin layer chromatography (using as eluent heptane / ethyl acetate 1: 1 v / v and ultraviolet detection) and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in reverse phase (using a detector of photodiodes and an evaporative light scattering detector).
Así, una vez completada Ia reacción, se elimina Ia fase acuosa por evaporación a presión reducida, y el residuo obtenido se purifica mediante HPLC semipreparativa. Los inventores han caracterizado estructuralmente los productos obtenidos por el procedimiento de Ia presente invención, mediante técnicas de 2D-RMN y espectrometría de masas.Thus, once the reaction is completed, the aqueous phase is removed by evaporation under reduced pressure, and the residue obtained is purified by semi-preparative HPLC. The inventors have structurally characterized the products obtained by the process of the present invention, using 2D-NMR techniques and mass spectrometry.
Así, algunos de los productos obtenidos por el procedimiento de Ia presente invención presentan un comportamiento típico de un tensioactivo, aspecto que no manifiesta Ia molécula de resveratrol ni el piceido, Io que indica que Ia introducción de residuos glucosilados en conformación alfa- modifica sustancialmente el balance hidrófilo-lipófilo (HLB) de Ia molécula de resveratrol hasta convertirla en un tensioactivo o surfactante.Thus, some of the products obtained by the process of the present invention have a typical surfactant behavior, an aspect that does not show the resveratrol molecule or the piceid, which indicates that the introduction of glycosylated residues in alpha-conformation substantially modifies the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of the resveratrol molecule until it is converted into a surfactant or surfactant.
A Io largo de Ia descripción y las reivindicaciones Ia palabra "comprende" y sus variantes no pretenden excluir otras características técnicas, aditivos, componentes o pasos. Para los expertos en Ia materia, otros objetos, ventajas y características de Ia invención se desprenderán en parte de Ia descripción y en parte de Ia práctica de Ia invención. Los siguientes ejemplos y dibujos se proporcionan a modo de ilustración, y no se pretende que sean limitativos de Ia presente invención.Throughout the description and the claims, the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For experts in the field, other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention. The following examples and drawings are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURASDESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
La figura 1 muestra un esquema de Ia reacción de glucosilación de resveratrol catalizada por Ia ciclodextrina glucosiltransferasa (CGTasa) de Thermoanaerobacter sp. Se muestran únicamente los productos principales de Ia reacción, que han sido caracterizados por RMN.Figure 1 shows a scheme of the glycosylation reaction of resveratrol catalyzed by the cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (CGTase) of Thermoanaerobacter sp. Only the main products of the reaction are shown, which have been characterized by NMR.
La figura 2 muestra un cromatograma en HPLC semipreparativa de Ia reacción de glucosilación de resveratrol catalizada por Ia CGTasa de Thermoanaerobacter sp. Las condiciones de Ia reacción fueron: 200 mg de resveratrol, 1.4 g de almidón soluble, 20 mi de volumen total (con un contenido de DMSO del 20%), 0.42 KNU de CGTasa, 60 0C. La estructura de los picos indicados en el cromatograma se recoge en Ia figura 3.Figure 2 shows a semi-preparative HPLC chromatogram of the glycosylation reaction of resveratrol catalyzed by the CGTase of Thermoanaerobacter sp. The reaction conditions were: 200 mg of resveratrol, 1.4 g of soluble starch, 20 ml of total volume (with a DMSO content of 20%), 0.42 KNU of CGTasa, 60 0 C. The structure of the peaks indicated in The chromatogram is collected in Figure 3.
La figura 3 recoge Ia estructura química de los productos, determinada por espectroscopia de masas y RMN, correspondientes a los picos del cromatograma de Ia figura 2.Figure 3 shows the chemical structure of the products, determined by mass spectroscopy and NMR, corresponding to the chromatogram peaks of Figure 2.
La figura 4 muestra Ia cinética de Ia reacción de glucosilación de resveratrol catalizada por Ia CGTasa de Thermoanaerobacter sp. Se representan las distintas concentraciones (mM) de los 8 productos mayoritarios a Io largo de una reacción de 168 horas. Condiciones: 50 mg de resveratrol, 300 mg de almidón soluble, 5 mi de volumen total (con un contenido de DMSO del 20%), 0.42 KNU de CGTasa de Thermoanaerobacter sp., 60 0C.Figure 4 shows the kinetics of the glycosylation reaction of resveratrol catalyzed by the CGTase of Thermoanaerobacter sp. The different concentrations (mM) of the 8 major products are represented over a 168 hour reaction. Conditions: 50 mg of resveratrol, 300 mg of soluble starch, 5 ml of total volume (with a DMSO content of 20%), 0.42 KNU of CGTasa of Thermoanaerobacter sp., 60 0 C.
La figura 5 muestra Ia cinética de Ia reacción de glucosilación de resveratrol catalizada por Ia CGTasa de Bacillus macerans. Se representan las distintas concentraciones (mM) de los 8 productos mayoritarios a Io largo de una reacción de 33 horas. Condiciones: 50 mg de resveratrol, 300 mg de almidón soluble, 5 mi de volumen total (con un contenido de DMSO del 20%), 84 U de Bacillus macerans, 60 0C.Figure 5 shows the kinetics of the glycosylation reaction of resveratrol catalyzed by the CGTase of Bacillus macerans. The different concentrations (mM) of the 8 major products are represented over a 33-hour reaction. Conditions: 50 mg of resveratrol, 300 mg of soluble starch, 5 ml of total volume (with a DMSO content of 20%), 84 U of Bacillus macerans, 60 0 C.
La figura 6 muestra Ia concentración de los 8 productos mayoritarios (M1 , M2, D3, D4, D5, T7, T8 y TT14) en el máximo de producción, utilizando las CGTasas de Thermoanaerobacter sp. (el máximo de producción se obtiene a las 5 h) y Bacillus macerans (el máximo de producción se obtiene a las 26 h). Las condiciones de reacción son las mismas que las indicadas en las figura 4 y 5.Figure 6 shows the concentration of the 8 major products (M1, M2, D3, D4, D5, T7, T8 and TT14) in the maximum production, using the Thermoanaerobacter sp. (the maximum production is obtained at 5 h) and Bacillus macerans (the maximum production is obtained at 26 h). The reaction conditions are the same as those indicated in Figures 4 and 5.
La figura 7 muestra una representación de los dos productos monoglucosilados y sus espectros de RMN correspondientesFigure 7 shows a representation of the two monoglucosylated products and their corresponding NMR spectra
La figura 8 muestra una representación de los posible productos diglucosilados y los espectros de RMN de los compuestos diglucosilados obtenidos en Ia reacción.Figure 8 shows a representation of the possible diglucosylated products and the NMR spectra of the diglucosylated compounds obtained in the reaction.
La figura 9 muestra una representación de los posibles productos triglucosilados y los espectros de RMN de los compuestos triglucosilados obtenidos en Ia reacción.Figure 9 shows a representation of the possible triglycosylated products and the NMR spectra of the triglycosylated compounds obtained in the reaction.
La figura 10 representa Ia variación de Ia tensión superficial con Ia concentración del compuesto 3-O-α-D-glucosil-resveratrol (M1 ).Figure 10 represents the variation of the surface tension with the concentration of the compound 3-O-α-D-glucosyl-resveratrol (M1).
La figura 11 representa Ia variación de Ia tensión superficial con Ia concentración del compuesto 4'-O-α-D-glucosil-resveratrol (M2).Figure 11 represents the variation of the surface tension with the concentration of the compound 4'-O-α-D-glucosyl-resveratrol (M2).
La figura 12 representa Ia variación de Ia tensión superficial con Ia concentración del compuesto 3,4'-di-O-α-D-glucosil-resveratrol (D5).Figure 12 represents the variation of surface tension with Ia concentration of the 3,4'-di-O-α-D-glucosyl-resveratrol compound (D5).
La figura 13 representa Ia variación de Ia tensión superficial con Ia concentración del compuesto 3-0-β-D-glucosil-resveratrol (piceido).Figure 13 represents the variation of the surface tension with the concentration of the compound 3-0-β-D-glucosyl-resveratrol (piceido).
EJEMPLOSEXAMPLES
A continuación se detallan los materiales y métodos que fueron empleados para el desarrollo de Ia presente invención, así como ejemplos de realización de Ia misma. Dichos ejemplos no limitan Ia invención, sino que su finalidad es ilustrarla, poniendo de manifiesto Ia capacidad de síntesis de diferentes derivados glucosilados de resveratrol.The materials and methods that were used for the development of the present invention, as well as examples of realization thereof, are detailed below. Said examples do not limit the invention, but its purpose is to illustrate it, demonstrating the ability to synthesize different glycosylated derivatives of resveratrol.
EJEMPLO 1 : Producción de glucósidos de resveratrol con ciclodextrina-glucosiltransferasa (CGTasa) de Thermoanaerobacter sp.EXAMPLE 1: Production of resveratrol glycosides with cyclodextrin-glucosyltransferase (CGTase) from Thermoanaerobacter sp.
Se pesaron 50 mg de resveratrol y se disolvieron en 1 mi de dimetilsulfóxido. De forma paralela se pesaron 300 mg de almidón soluble de patata (DP 50) y se disolvieron en 3.42 mi de tampón 0.2 M acetato sódico (pH 5.6). Ambas disoluciones se mezclaron (Ia relación en peso almidón/resveratrol fue 6/1 ) y Ia mezcla resultante se calentó a 60 0C. Se añadieron a continuación 580 μl de CGTasa de Thermoanaerobacter sp. (Toruzyme 3.0 L, Novozymes A/S, Dinamarca). La mezcla se incubó a 60 0C con agitación orbital a 150 rpm y Ia reacción se siguió durante aproximadamente 7 días. A diferentes tiempos se tomaron alícuotas, se calentaron a 95 0C durante 15 minutos para inactivar Ia enzima y se analizaron por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC) en fase reversa. Se utilizó un detector de fotodiodos y cuantificación a 308 nm. La determinación de Ia estructura química de los compuestos obtenidos se llevó a cabo mediante espectrometría de masas con electrospray (HPLC-ESI) y experimentos de resonancia magnética nuclear de correlación múltiple 2D-1H-13C. El máximo de producción de derivados glucosilados de resveratrol se alcanzó a las 5 horas de reacción, siendo las cantidades de los 8 productos mayoritarios las siguientes (calculadas mediante HPLC utilizando piceido como patrón cromatográfico): 12.9 mg de 3-0-α-D-glucosil-resveratrol (M1 ), 7.9 mg de 4'-O-α-D-glucosil-resveratrol (M2), 10.6 mg de 3-O-[α-D-glucosil- (1→2)-α-D-glucosil]-resveratrol (D3), 6.8 mg de 4'-O-[α-D-glucosil-(1→2)- α- D-glucosil]-resveratrol (D4), 1.5 mg de 3,4'-di-O-α-D-glucosil-resveratrol (D5), 2.6 mg de 3-O-[α-D-glucosil-(1→2)-α-D-glucosil-(1→2)-α-D-glucosil]- resveratrol (T7), 4.6 mg de 4'-O-[α-D-glucosil-(1→2)-α-D-glucosil-(1→2)-α-D- glucosil]-resveratrol (T8) y 4.9 mg de 4'-O-α-D-[α-D-glucosil-(1→2)-α-D- glucosil-(1→2)-glucosil]-resveratrol (TT14). Partiendo de 50 mg de resveratrol, el total de productos glucosilados fue aproximadamente 51.8 mg.50 mg of resveratrol was weighed and dissolved in 1 ml of dimethylsulfoxide. In parallel, 300 mg of soluble potato starch (DP 50) were weighed and dissolved in 3.42 ml of 0.2 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.6). Both solutions were mixed (the ratio starch / resveratrol weight was 6/1) and the resulting mixture was heated to 60 0 C. 580 .mu.l of Thermoanaerobacter CGTase was then added sp. (Toruzyme 3.0 L, Novozymes A / S, Denmark). The mixture was incubated at 60 0 C with orbital shaking at 150 rpm and the reaction was continued for about 7 days. At various times aliquots were taken, heated to 95 0 C for 15 minutes to inactivate the enzyme and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on reverse phase. A photodiode detector and quantification at 308 nm was used. The determination of the chemical structure of the obtained compounds was carried out by electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI) and 2D- 1 H- 13 C multiple correlation nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The maximum production of glycosylated derivatives of resveratrol was reached at 5 hours of reaction, the quantities of the 8 majority products being the following (calculated by HPLC using piceido as a chromatographic standard): 12.9 mg of 3-0-α-D- glucosyl-resveratrol (M1), 7.9 mg of 4'-O-α-D-glucosyl-resveratrol (M2), 10.6 mg of 3-O- [α-D-glucosil- (1 → 2) -α-D- glucosyl] -resveratrol (D3), 6.8 mg of 4'-O- [α-D-glucosyl- (1 → 2) - α- D-glucosyl] -resveratrol (D4), 1.5 mg of 3,4'-di -O-α-D-glucosyl-resveratrol (D5), 2.6 mg of 3-O- [α-D-glucosil- (1 → 2) -α-D-glucosil- (1 → 2) -α-D- glucosyl] - resveratrol (T7), 4.6 mg of 4'-O- [α-D-glucosyl- (1 → 2) -α-D-glucosil- (1 → 2) -α-D-glucosil] -resveratrol ( T8) and 4.9 mg of 4'-O-α-D- [α-D-glucosyl- (1 → 2) -α-D- glucosyl- (1 → 2) -glucosil] -resveratrol (TT14). Starting with 50 mg of resveratrol, the total glycosylated products was approximately 51.8 mg.
Los resultados del ejemplo 1 están representados en Ia Figura 3.The results of example 1 are represented in Figure 3.
EJEMPLO 2: Producción de glucósidos de resveratrol con CGTasa de Bacillus maceransEXAMPLE 2: Production of resveratrol glycosides with CGTase from Bacillus macerans
Se pesaron 50 mg de resveratrol y se disolvieron en 1 mi de dimetilsulfóxido. De forma paralela se pesaron 300 mg de almidón soluble de patata (DP 50) y se disolvieron en 3.42 mi de tampón 0.2 M acetato sódico (pH 5.6). Ambas disoluciones se mezclaron (Ia relación en peso almidón/resveratrol fue 6/1 ) y Ia mezcla resultante se calentó a 60 0C. Se añadieron a continuación 580 μl de CGTasa de Bacillus macerans (CGTasa "Amano", Amano Enzyme Europe Ltd.). La mezcla se incubó a 60 0C con agitación orbital a 150 rpm y Ia reacción se siguió durante aproximadamente 33 horas. A diferentes tiempos se tomaron alícuotas, se calentaron a 95 0C durante 15 minutos para inactivar Ia enzima y se analizaron por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC) en fase reversa. Se utilizó un detector de fotodiodos y cuantificación a 308 nm. El máximo de producción de derivados glucosilados de resveratrol se alcanzó a las 26 horas de reacción, siendo las cantidades de los 8 productos mayoritarios las siguientes (calculadas mediante HPLC utilizando piceido como patrón cromatográfico): 2.7 mg de 3-O-α-D-glucosil- resveratrol (M1 ), 2.5 mg de 4'-O-α-D-glucosil-resveratrol (M2), 1.1 mg de 3- O-[α-D-glucosil-(1→2)-α-D-glucosil]-resveratrol (D3), 1.1 mg de 4'-0-[α-D- glucosil-(1→2)- α-D-glucosil]-resveratrol (D4), 0.7 mg de 3,4'-di-O-α-D- glucosil-resveratrol (D5), 1.3 mg de 3-O-[α-D-glucosil-(1→2)-α-D-glucosil- (1→2)-α-D-glucosil]-resveratrol (T7), 1.5 mg de 4'-O-[α-D-glucosil-(1→2)-α- D-glucosil-(1→2)-α-D-glucosil]-resveratrol (T8) y 0.4 mg de 4'-O-[α-D- glucosil-(1→2)-α-D-glucosil-(1→2)-α-D-glucosil]-resveratrol (TT14). Partiendo de 50 mg de resveratrol, el total de productos glucosilados fue aproximadamente 11.4 mg.50 mg of resveratrol was weighed and dissolved in 1 ml of dimethylsulfoxide. In parallel, 300 mg of soluble potato starch (DP 50) were weighed and dissolved in 3.42 ml of 0.2 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.6). Both solutions were mixed (the starch / resveratrol weight ratio was 6/1) and the resulting mixture was heated to 60 0 C. 580 μl of Bacillus macerans CGTase ("Amano" CGTase, Amano Enzyme Europe Ltd. were then added. ). The mixture was incubated at 60 0 C with orbital shaking at 150 rpm and the reaction was continued for about 33 hours. At various times aliquots were taken, heated to 95 0 C for 15 minutes to inactivate the enzyme and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on reverse phase. A photodiode detector and quantification at 308 nm was used. The maximum production of glycosylated derivatives of resveratrol was reached at 26 hours of reaction, the amounts being of the 8 major products the following (calculated by HPLC using piceido as a chromatographic standard): 2.7 mg of 3-O-α-D-glucosyl-resveratrol (M1), 2.5 mg of 4'-O-α-D-glucosyl- Resveratrol (M2), 1.1 mg of 3- O- [α-D-glucosyl- (1 → 2) -α-D-glucosil] -resveratrol (D3), 1.1 mg of 4'-0- [α-D- glucosyl- (1 → 2) - α-D-glucosil] -resveratrol (D4), 0.7 mg of 3,4'-di-O-α-D-glucosyl-resveratrol (D5), 1.3 mg of 3-O- [α-D-glucosil- (1 → 2) -α-D-glucosil- (1 → 2) -α-D-glucosil] -resveratrol (T7), 1.5 mg of 4'-O- [α-D- glucosil- (1 → 2) -α- D-glucosil- (1 → 2) -α-D-glucosil] -resveratrol (T8) and 0.4 mg of 4'-O- [α-D-glucosil- (1 → 2) -α-D-glucosyl- (1 → 2) -α-D-glucosil] -resveratrol (TT14). Starting with 50 mg of resveratrol, the total glycosylated products was approximately 11.4 mg.
Los resultados del ejemplo 2 están representados en Ia Figura 4. En Ia Fig. 5 se comparan las dos CGTasas en el punto de máxima producción de productos glucosilados.The results of example 2 are represented in Figure 4. In Fig. 5 the two CGTases are compared at the point of maximum production of glycosylated products.
EJEMPLO 3: Escalado en Ia producción de glucósidos de resveratrol.EXAMPLE 3: Scaling in the production of resveratrol glycosides.
Se pesaron 200 mg de resveratrol y se disolvieron en 4 mi de dimetilsulfóxido. De forma paralela se pesaron 1.4 g de almidón soluble y se disolvieron en 13.68 mi de tampón 0.2 M acetato sódico (pH 5.6). Ambas disoluciones se mezclaron (relación almidón/resveratrol 6:1 p/p) y se calentaron a 60 0C. A Ia mezcla se adicionó 2.32 mi de CGTasa de Thermoanaerobacter sp. La mezcla se incubó a 60 0C con agitación orbital a 150 rpm durante aproximadamente 18 horas, tras Io cual se calentó a 95 0C durante 15 minutos. La mezcla de reacción se filtró, y Ia fase líquida se sometió a evaporación a presión reducida, obteniéndose un residuo sólido blanco.200 mg of resveratrol was weighed and dissolved in 4 ml of dimethylsulfoxide. In parallel, 1.4 g of soluble starch were weighed and dissolved in 13.68 ml of 0.2 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.6). Both solutions (starch ratio / resveratrol 6: 1 w / w) were mixed and heated to 60 0 C. To the mixture was added 2.32 ml of Thermoanaerobacter CGTase sp. The mixture was incubated at 60 0 C with orbital shaking at 150 rpm for about 18 hours, after which purpose was heated at 95 0 C for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the liquid phase was subjected to evaporation under reduced pressure, obtaining a white solid residue.
El residuo obtenido en el paso anterior se sometió a cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC) en fase reversa, con una columna Mediterranea-C18The residue obtained in the previous step was subjected to reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with a Mediterranea-C18 column
(5 μm) (25 x 2.12 cm). La fase móvil inicial fue metanol/agua 30/70 (v/v) a un flujo de 9 ml/min durante 10 minutos, cambiando a metanol/agua 45/55 (v/v) en 5 minutos, para luego mantenerse en esta composición 15 minutos. Después se cambió a metanol/agua 70/30 (v/v) durante 5 minutos para mantenerse así otros 10 minutos. El agua contenía en todos los casos 0.1 % (v/v) de ácido fórmico. El detector de fotodiodos realizó Ia toma de datos a 216, 254, y 308 nm. A Ia salida de Ia columna se acopló un divisor de flujo 1/10 (Accurate, LC Packings). La recogida de las fracciones fue realizada manualmente.(5 μm) (25 x 2.12 cm). The initial mobile phase was methanol / water 30/70 (v / v) at a flow rate of 9 ml / min for 10 minutes, changing to methanol / water 45/55 (v / v) in 5 minutes, then maintaining this composition for 15 minutes. It was then changed to methanol / water 70/30 (v / v) for 5 minutes to remain so for another 10 minutes. The water contained in all cases 0.1% (v / v) formic acid. The photodiode detector performed the data collection at 216, 254, and 308 nm. At the exit of the column a flow divider 1/10 (Accurate, LC Packings) was coupled. Fractions were collected manually.
En estas condiciones se recuperaron las siguientes cantidades de producto: 28.4 mg de 3-O-α-D-glucosil-resveratrol (M1 ), 20.5 mg de 4'-O-α-D-glucosil- resveratrol (M2), 12 mg de 3-O-[α-D-glucosil-(1→2)-α-D-glucosil]-resveratrol (D3), 10.5 mg de 4'-O-[α-D-glucosil-(1→2)-α-D-glucosil]-resveratrol (D4), 4.1 mg de 3,4'-di-O-α-D-glucosil-resveratrol (D5) y 6.1 mg de 4'-O-[α-D-glucosil- (1→2)-α-D-glucosil-(1→2)-α-D-glucosil]-resveratrol (T8).Under these conditions the following product quantities were recovered: 28.4 mg of 3-O-α-D-glucosyl-resveratrol (M1), 20.5 mg of 4'-O-α-D-glucosyl-resveratrol (M2), 12 mg of 3-O- [α-D-glucosyl- (1 → 2) -α-D-glucosil] -resveratrol (D3), 10.5 mg of 4'-O- [α-D-glucosil- (1 → 2) -α-D-glucosyl] -resveratrol (D4), 4.1 mg of 3,4'-di-O-α-D-glucosyl-resveratrol (D5) and 6.1 mg of 4'-O- [α-D-glucosil - (1 → 2) -α-D-glucosil- (1 → 2) -α-D-glucosil] -resveratrol (T8).
El cromatograma de Ia mezcla de reacción correspondiente a este ejemplo de realización está representado en Ia figura 2.The chromatogram of the reaction mixture corresponding to this exemplary embodiment is represented in Figure 2.
EJEMPLO 4: Propiedades tensioactivas de los glucósidos de resveratrol.EXAMPLE 4: Surfactant properties of resveratrol glycosides.
Se estudiaron las propiedades tensioactivas (surfactantes) de algunos de los derivados glucosilados obtenidos: 3-O-α-D-glucosil-resveratrol (M1 ), 4'-O-α- D-glucosil-resveratrol (M2) y 3,4'-di-O-α-D-glucosil-resveratrol (D5). El compuesto M1 mostró un típico comportamiento tensioactivo, puesto de manifiesto por una disminución lineal de Ia tensión superficial frente al logaritmo de Ia concentración, hasta llegar a Ia estabilización a partir de Ia denominada concentración micelar crítica (eme). El comportamiento del compuesto M2 era también indicativo de actividad superficial, si bien en este caso aparecían dos puntos de inflexión en Ia gráfica. Este comportamiento aparece en algunos tensioactivos y se atribuye el primer punto a una preagregación micelar (Ia concentración a Ia cual aparece se denomina concentración de agregación crítica o cae). La segunda inflexión corresponde a Ia eme, que resulta muy parecida a Ia del compuesto 1.The surfactant properties (surfactants) of some of the glycosylated derivatives obtained were studied: 3-O-α-D-glucosyl-resveratrol (M1), 4'-O-α-D-glucosyl-resveratrol (M2) and 3,4 '-di-O-α-D-glucosyl-resveratrol (D5). The compound M1 showed a typical surfactant behavior, as evidenced by a linear decrease of the surface tension against the logarithm of the concentration, until reaching the stabilization from the so-called critical micellar concentration (eme). The behavior of compound M2 was also indicative of surface activity, although in this case two inflection points appeared in the graph. This behavior appears in some surfactants and the first point is attributed to a micellar preaggregation (the concentration at which it appears is called the critical aggregation concentration or falls). The second inflection corresponds to the eme, which is very similar to that of compound 1.
El comportamiento del compuesto D5 era también el típico de un compuesto con actividad superficial, si bien con una disminución de Ia tensión superficial muy limitada que no baja de los 59 mN/m. Posiblemente, el hecho que los dos grupos hidrófilos de Ia glucosa anclados al resveratrol estén en posiciones opuestas (3 y 4') puede dificultar su adsorción en Ia interfase. Teniendo en cuenta Ia estructura de Ia molécula y su comportamiento con respecto a Ia eme, el compuesto D5 puede considerarse un tensioactivo de tipo bolamfifílico, con los dos grupos polares de glucosa situados en los extremos opuestos de Ia molécula, y separados por el resveratrol actuando como grupo lipófilo. A diferencia de los derivados alfa-glucosilados sintetizados en esta invención, el compuesto natural glucosilado 3-O-α-D- glucosil-resveratrol, denominado piceido, no presenta propiedades tensioactivas significativas. La tensión superficial de Ia máxima concentración obtenible en agua (375 mg/l) presenta prácticamente el valor de Ia tensión superficial del agua. No existe adsorción superficial ni agregación.The behavior of compound D5 was also typical of a compound with surface activity, although with a very limited decrease in surface tension that does not fall below 59 mN / m. Possibly, the fact that the two hydrophilic glucose groups anchored to the resveratrol are in opposite positions (3 and 4 ') can hinder their adsorption at the interface. Taking into account the structure of the molecule and its behavior with respect to the eme, the compound D5 can be considered a surfactant of the bolamphile type, with the two polar groups of glucose located at the opposite ends of the molecule, and separated by the resveratrol acting as lipophilic group. In contrast to the alpha-glycosylated derivatives synthesized in this invention, the natural glycosylated compound 3-O-α-D-glucosyl-resveratrol, called piceido, has no significant surfactant properties. The surface tension of the maximum concentration obtainable in water (375 mg / l) has practically the value of the surface tension of the water. There is no surface adsorption or aggregation.
Además de Ia eme, se calcularon a partir de Ia ecuación de Gibbs los datos de máxima adsorción r en Ia superficie saturada en moles/cm2 y el área ocupada A por molécula adsorbida. Otros datos que se proporcionan son Ia tensión superficial a Ia eme (relacionada con Ia efectividad, que consiste en Ia menor tensión superficial obtenible por un tensioactivo) y el parámetro pC2o relacionado con Ia eficacia, y que corresponde al logaritmo (con signo negativo) de Ia concentración (molar) que consigue disminuir en 20 unidades Ia tensión superficial del agua. Siendo ésta de unos 72 mN/m, C2o es Ia concentración necesaria para disminuir Ia tensión superficial hasta 52 mN/m). La Tabla siguiente recopila las principales propiedades tensioactivas de los compuestos M1 , M2 y D5.In addition to the eme, the maximum adsorption data r on the surface saturated in moles / cm 2 and the area occupied A per adsorbed molecule were calculated from the Gibbs equation. Other data provided are the surface tension to the eme (related to the effectiveness, which consists of the lowest surface tension obtainable by a surfactant) and the parameter pC 2 or related to the efficiency, and which corresponds to the logarithm (with negative sign ) of the concentration (molar) that reduces the surface tension of the water by 20 units. This being about 72 mN / m, C 2 or is the concentration necessary to reduce the surface tension to 52 mN / m). The following Table compiles the main surfactant properties of compounds M1, M2 and D5.
Figure imgf000019_0001
Figure imgf000019_0001
Los resultados del ejemplo 4 están representados en las figuras 10, 11 , 12 y 13. The results of Example 4 are represented in Figures 10, 11, 12 and 13.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Procedimiento de obtención de derivados alfa-glucosilados de resveratrol, caracterizado porque comprende Ia incubación de resveratrol con almidón en presencia de una ciclodextrina-glucosiltransferasa1. Procedure for obtaining alpha-glycosylated derivatives of resveratrol, characterized in that it comprises the incubation of resveratrol with starch in the presence of a cyclodextrin-glucosyltransferase
(CGTasa), donde dicha CGTasa procede de bacterias que se seleccionan de los géneros Thermoanaerobactery Bacillus.(CGTase), where said CGTase is derived from bacteria that are selected from the Thermoanaerobactery Bacillus genera.
2. Procedimiento según Ia reivindicación 1 , donde Ia CGTasa procede de una bacteria del género Thermoanaerobacter.2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the CGTase is derived from a bacterium of the Thermoanaerobacter genus.
3. Procedimiento según Ia reivindicación 1 , donde Ia CGTasa procede de una bacteria de Ia especie Bacillus macerans3. Method according to claim 1, wherein the CGTase comes from a bacterium of the species Bacillus macerans
4. Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, donde el medio de reacción es tampón acetato sódico4. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reaction medium is sodium acetate buffer
5. Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, donde el medio de reacción es una mezcla tampón acetato sódico/dimetilsulfóxido caracterizado porque el contenido en dimetilsulfóxido es de hasta el 70%.5. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reaction medium is a sodium acetate / dimethylsulfoxide buffer mixture characterized in that the dimethylsulfoxide content is up to 70%.
6. Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde Ia adición de Ia enzima se realiza en una proporción volumétrica de 50-300 μl por cada mi de volumen final.6. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the addition of the enzyme is carried out in a volumetric proportion of 50-300 µl per ml of final volume.
7. Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde Ia incubación se realiza a una temperatura de entre 40 0C y 80 0C.7. Process according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the incubation is conducted at a temperature between 40 0 C and 80 0 C.
8. Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde el resveratrol se disuelve previamente a Ia incubación en un disolvente polar que se selecciona entre dimetilsulfóxido, tetrahidrofurano, acetonitrilo o acetona.
Figure imgf000021_0001
8. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the resveratrol is dissolved prior to incubation in a polar solvent that is selected from dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile or acetone.
Figure imgf000021_0001
Figure imgf000022_0001
Figure imgf000022_0001
Figure imgf000023_0001
Figure imgf000024_0001
Figure imgf000023_0001
Figure imgf000024_0001
ĊC
Figure imgf000025_0001
Figure imgf000025_0001
Figure imgf000026_0001
Figure imgf000026_0001
Figure imgf000027_0001
Figure imgf000027_0001
Figure imgf000028_0001
Figure imgf000029_0001
Figure imgf000030_0001
Figure imgf000028_0001
Figure imgf000029_0001
Figure imgf000030_0001
Figure imgf000031_0001
Figure imgf000031_0001
Figure imgf000032_0001
Figure imgf000032_0001
Figure imgf000033_0001
Figure imgf000033_0001
PCT/ES2010/070177 2009-04-03 2010-03-25 Enzymatic method for obtaining alpha-glycosylated derivatives of resveratrol having surfactant properties WO2010112649A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200930037A ES2351644B1 (en) 2009-04-03 2009-04-03 ENZYMATIC PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING ALFA-GLUCOSILATE DERIVATIVES OF RESVERATROL WITH TENSIOACTIVE PROPERTIES.
ESP200930037 2009-04-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010112649A1 true WO2010112649A1 (en) 2010-10-07

Family

ID=42827508

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/ES2010/070177 WO2010112649A1 (en) 2009-04-03 2010-03-25 Enzymatic method for obtaining alpha-glycosylated derivatives of resveratrol having surfactant properties

Country Status (2)

Country Link
ES (1) ES2351644B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2010112649A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150152130A1 (en) * 2013-10-08 2015-06-04 Faith, Inc. Trans-resveratrol polysaccharide, method for producing the same, and composition comprising the same
JP2016028018A (en) * 2013-10-08 2016-02-25 株式会社フェース Trans-resveratrol polysaccharide, method of producing the same, and composition comprising the same
JPWO2015156328A1 (en) * 2014-04-09 2017-04-13 江崎グリコ株式会社 Skin anti-aging agent and resveratrol 3-O-α-glucoside concentrate

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007034190A2 (en) * 2005-09-21 2007-03-29 The University Of York Regioselective glycosylation
KR20070073724A (en) * 2004-12-03 2007-07-10 전남대학교산학협력단 Method for preparing derivatives of glyco-compounds by using glycosyltransferases and the derivatives thereof

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20070073724A (en) * 2004-12-03 2007-07-10 전남대학교산학협력단 Method for preparing derivatives of glyco-compounds by using glycosyltransferases and the derivatives thereof
WO2007034190A2 (en) * 2005-09-21 2007-03-29 The University Of York Regioselective glycosylation

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150152130A1 (en) * 2013-10-08 2015-06-04 Faith, Inc. Trans-resveratrol polysaccharide, method for producing the same, and composition comprising the same
JP2016028018A (en) * 2013-10-08 2016-02-25 株式会社フェース Trans-resveratrol polysaccharide, method of producing the same, and composition comprising the same
JPWO2015156328A1 (en) * 2014-04-09 2017-04-13 江崎グリコ株式会社 Skin anti-aging agent and resveratrol 3-O-α-glucoside concentrate
EP3130331A4 (en) * 2014-04-09 2017-11-15 Ezaki Glico Kabushiki Kaisha Skin aging inhibitor and concentrate of resveratrol 3-o- -glucoside

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2351644B1 (en) 2011-11-30
ES2351644A1 (en) 2011-02-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Li et al. Research advances of purple sweet potato anthocyanins: extraction, identification, stability, bioactivity, application, and biotransformation
Schepetkin et al. Characterization and biological activities of humic substances from mumie
Charron et al. Effect of dose size on bioavailability of acylated and nonacylated anthocyanins from red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Var. capitata)
Wang et al. Quantification and characterization of anthocyanins in Balaton tart cherries
Yi et al. Absorption of anthocyanins from blueberry extracts by caco-2 human intestinal cell monolayers
Konczak-Islam et al. Potential chemopreventive properties of anthocyanin-rich aqueous extracts from in vitro produced tissue of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.)
Chebil et al. Enzymatic acylation of flavonoids: Effect of the nature of the substrate, origin of lipase, and operating conditions on conversion yield and regioselectivity
Woo et al. Synthesis and characterization of ampelopsin glucosides using dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1299CB4: glucosylation enhancing physicochemical properties
Yang et al. Effects of latitude and weather conditions on phenolic compounds in currant (Ribes spp.) cultivars
Moon et al. Synthesis, structure analyses, and characterization of novel epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) glycosides using the glucansucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1299CB
Barillari et al. Antioxidant and choleretic properties of Raphanus sativus L. sprout (Kaiware Daikon) extract
Steinert et al. Absorption of black currant anthocyanins by monolayers of human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells mounted in ussing type chambers
Sato et al. Synthesis of glycosides of resveratrol, pterostilbene, and piceatannol, and their anti-oxidant, anti-allergic, and neuroprotective activities
Becker et al. Temporary reduction of radiation does not permanently reduce flavonoid glycosides and phenolic acids in red lettuce
Nørbæk et al. Flavone C-glycoside, phenolic acid, and nitrogen contents in leaves of barley subject to organic fertilization treatments
Ishihara et al. Novel glycosylated mycosporine-like amino acid, 13-O-(β-galactosyl)-porphyra-334, from the edible cyanobacterium Nostoc sphaericum-protective activity on human keratinocytes from UV light
Lavelli Antioxidant activity of minimally processed red chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) evaluated in xanthine oxidase-, myeloperoxidase-, and diaphorase-catalyzed reactions
Gabrielska et al. Anthocyanin extracts with antioxidant and radical scavenging effect
Seo et al. Synthesis and characterization of hydroquinone glucoside using Leuconostoc mesenteroides dextransucrase
Kim et al. Structure Elucidation and Antifungal Activity of an Anthracycline Antibiotic, Daunomycin, Isolated from Actinomadura r oseola
Nam et al. Synthesis and functional characterization of caffeic acid glucoside using Leuconostoc mesenteroides dextransucrase
Dufresne et al. Glycosylation of encapsulated crocetin by a Crocus sativus L. cell culture
Chang et al. Biotransformation of celastrol to a novel, well-soluble, low-toxic and anti-oxidative celastrol-29-O-β-glucoside by Bacillus glycosyltransferases
WO2010112649A1 (en) Enzymatic method for obtaining alpha-glycosylated derivatives of resveratrol having surfactant properties
Jang et al. Stability of enzyme-modified flavonoid C-and O-glycosides from common buckwheat sprout extracts during in vitro digestion and colonic fermentation

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 10758094

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 10758094

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1