WO2010107691A1 - Dégivrage à la demande pour pompes à chaleur - Google Patents

Dégivrage à la demande pour pompes à chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010107691A1
WO2010107691A1 PCT/US2010/027299 US2010027299W WO2010107691A1 WO 2010107691 A1 WO2010107691 A1 WO 2010107691A1 US 2010027299 W US2010027299 W US 2010027299W WO 2010107691 A1 WO2010107691 A1 WO 2010107691A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
motor shaft
parameter
operating speed
defrost cycle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2010/027299
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Walter E. Bujak, Jr.
Original Assignee
Carrier Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carrier Corporation filed Critical Carrier Corporation
Priority to US13/203,256 priority Critical patent/US20110302937A1/en
Publication of WO2010107691A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010107691A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/41—Defrosting; Preventing freezing
    • F24F11/42—Defrosting; Preventing freezing of outdoor units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
    • F25D21/06—Removing frost
    • F25D21/12—Removing frost by hot-fluid circulating system separate from the refrigerant system
    • F25D21/125—Removing frost by hot-fluid circulating system separate from the refrigerant system the hot fluid being ambient air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/41—Defrosting; Preventing freezing
    • F24F11/43—Defrosting; Preventing freezing of indoor units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/11—Fan speed control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/11—Sensor to detect if defrost is necessary
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/15—Power, e.g. by voltage or current

Definitions

  • frost can form on an outdoor coil. Determining when to defrost the heat pump is critical to efficiency. If a defrost cycle beings prematurely, energy can be unnecessarily wasted to heat the outdoor coil. If the defrost cycle is delayed too long, the performance of the heat pump can be reduced and cause the heat pump to operate less effectively. Changing weather conditions can also affect the rate at which moisture or frost accumulates on the outdoor coil.
  • United States Patent Number 3,726,104 discloses a non-motorized impeller is located in an airstream generated by a blower fan. A defrost signal is initiated when a condition of revolution of the impeller is detected. The impeller does not generate airflow, but is positioned within the airflow generated by the blower fan to be responsive to the airflow.
  • United States Patent Application Number 2008/0098761 discloses a temperature sensor detects the temperature of the coil to determine when to begin a defrost cycle.
  • United States Patent Number 6,205,800 discloses a programmable controller compares an air temperature and a refrigerant temperature to calculate a difference.
  • a defrost cycle is initiated.
  • United States Patent Number 6,318,095 discloses a control processor continuously monitors a difference between an outdoor coil temperature and an outdoor air temperature. When the difference exceeds a target value, the defrost cycle is initiated.
  • United States Patent Application Number 2007/0180838 discloses a defrost cycle is initiated after a specific amount of time between defrost cycles, and the amount of time is continuously updated.
  • a heat exchanger includes a motor that rotates a motor shaft to rotate a fan. An operating speed of the motor shaft determines an airflow through a heat exchanger coil.
  • the heat exchanger also includes a sensor that detects a parameter of the motor shaft and a control. The parameter is communicated to the control. The parameter is one of the operating speed of the motor shaft and a motor shaft torque. If the parameter is the operating speed, the control initiates a defrost cycle when the operating speed of the motor shaft is less than or equal to a threshold value. If the parameter is the motor shaft torque, the control initiates the defrost cycle when the torque application to the motor shaft is greater than or equal to a threshold value.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger includes a motor that rotates a motor shaft to rotate a fan, and an operating speed of the motor shaft determines an airflow through a heat exchanger coil of the outdoor heat exchanger.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger includes a sensor that detects a parameter of the motor shaft and a control. The parameter is one of the operating speed of the motor shaft and a motor shaft torque. The parameter detected by the sensor is communicated to the control. When the parameter is the operating speed, the control initiates a defrost cycle when the operating speed of the motor shaft is less than or equal to a threshold value. When the parameter is the motor shaft torque, the control initiates the defrost cycle when the torque application to the motor shaft is greater than or equal to a threshold value.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a method of determining when to initiate a defrost cycle.
  • the method includes the steps of rotating a motor shaft to rotate a fan, and detecting a parameter of the motor shaft.
  • the parameter is one of the operating speed of the motor shaft and the torque applied to the motor shaft. If the parameter is the operating speed of the motor shaft, the method further includes the step of initiating a defrost cycle if the operating speed is less than or equal to a threshold value. If the parameter is the torque applied to the motor shaft, the method further includes the step of initiating a defrost cycle if the torque applied to the motor shaft is greater than or equal to a threshold value.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a refrigeration system operating in a cooling mode
  • Figure 2 illustrates a refrigeration system operating in a heating mode.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a refrigeration system 20 of a heat pump operating in a cooling mode.
  • Refrigerant flows through the closed circuit refrigeration system 20.
  • the refrigeration system 20 includes an indoor unit 30 located inside 32 a building and an outdoor unit 34 located outside 36 the building.
  • the indoor unit 30 is a fan coil unit.
  • the inside 32 of the building and the outside 36 of the building can be separated by a wall 38.
  • the refrigeration system 20 is employed in a residence.
  • a reversing valve 40 directs the refrigerant through a first heat exchanger 24, which operates as a condenser.
  • the first heat exchanger 24 is an outdoor heat exchanger.
  • the refrigerant flows through a coil 25 and rejects heat to air that is drawn over the coil 25 by a blower fan 42.
  • the blower fan 42 is powered by an electronically commutated motor (ECM) 44.
  • ECM electronically commutated motor
  • the refrigerant is condensed into a liquid that exits the first heat exchanger 24 at a low enthalpy and a high pressure.
  • the refrigerant bypasses an outdoor expansion device 26b (described below) and travels to the indoor unit 30 through tubing 46.
  • the cooled refrigerant then passes through an indoor expansion device 26a, expanding the refrigerant to a low pressure.
  • the refrigerant flows through a second heat exchanger 28, which operates as an evaporator.
  • the second heat exchanger is an indoor heat exchanger.
  • a blower fan 31 draws air through the second heat exchanger 28 and over a coil 48.
  • the refrigerant flowing through the coil 48 accepts heat from air, exiting the second heat exchanger 28 at a high enthalpy and a low pressure.
  • the refrigerant then flows back to the outdoor unit 34 through tubing 50.
  • the refrigerant can flow through an accumulator 52, which regulates the amount of refrigerant flowing through the refrigeration system 20.
  • the refrigerant then flows to the compressor 22, completing the cycle.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the refrigeration system 20 operating in a heating mode.
  • Refrigerant exits the compressor 22 in the outdoor unit 34 at a high pressure and a high enthalpy.
  • the reversing valve 40 directs the refrigerant to the indoor unit 30 through the tubing 50.
  • the refrigerant flows through the second heat exchanger 28, which operates as a condenser.
  • the blower fan 31 draws air through the second heat exchanger 28 and over the coil 48.
  • the refrigerant flows through the coil 48 and rejects heat to air.
  • the refrigerant is condensed into a liquid, exiting the second heat exchanger 28 at a low enthalpy and a high pressure.
  • the refrigerant exits the coil 48 and bypasses the indoor expansion device 26a.
  • the refrigerant exits the indoor unit 30 and flows through the tubing 46 towards the outdoor unit 34, where the refrigerant is expanded to a low pressure in the outdoor expansion device 26b.
  • the refrigerant flows through the first heat exchanger 24, which operates as an evaporator.
  • the refrigerant flows through the coil 25 and accepts heat from air that is drawn over the coil 25 by the blower fan 42, exiting the first heat exchanger 24 at a high enthalpy and a low pressure.
  • the refrigerant can flow through the accumulator 52.
  • the refrigerant then flows to the compressor 22, completing the cycle.
  • the outdoor unit 34 includes a housing 54 that contains the blower fan 42 that draws the air over the coil 25.
  • An ECM motor 44 rotates a motor shaft 62 to rotate the blower fan 42.
  • the operating speed of the motor shaft 62 determines the airflow through the unrestricted coil 25.
  • Microelectronics within the ECM motor 44 provide the ability to control the torque applied to the motor shaft 62 of the ECM motor 44 to maintain a constant torque on the motor shaft 62.
  • the operating speed of the motor shaft 62 while operating with the desired shaft torque applied is known.
  • frost may form on the coil 25 of the outdoor unit 34, which restricts airflow through the coil 25.
  • frost forms on the coil 25, the restriction of airflow also has the effect of increasing the pressure differential across the blower fan 42.
  • the operating speed of the motor shaft 62 decreases until the load torque required by the blower fan 42 matches the shaft torque applied by the ECM motor 44. Maintaining the constant torque on the motor shaft 62 and a higher pressure differential across the blower fan 42 results in a new decreased motor shaft speed (i.e., lower revolutions per minute).
  • a sensor 64 detects the operating speed of the motor shaft 62 of the ECM motor 44 and communicates the detected operating speed to a control 66.
  • a threshold value (a minimum revolutions per minute setpoint or a low shaft speed setpoint) is programmed into the control 66.
  • the threshold value is specific for the coil 25 of the outdoor unit 34 and can be based on several factors, including the numbers of tubes in the coil 25, the size of the coil 25, the surface area of the coils 25, and the tonnage of the refrigeration system 20. As frost builds up on the coil 25, the operating speed of the motor shaft 62 decreases.
  • the threshold value is the operating speed of the motor shaft 62 when the maximum airflow restriction through the coil 25 occurs due to frost buildup on the coil 25.
  • the control 66 When the sensor 64 detects that the operating speed of the motor shaft 62 is less than or equal to the threshold value, this indicates that the amount of frost built up on the coil 25 is the maximum amount allowed.
  • the control 66 then initiates a defrost cycle to melt the frost on the coil 25. This allows for demand defrost. That is, the defrost cycle is initiated when the control 66 determines that a defrost cycle is necessary.
  • the operating speed of the motor shaft 62 determines the airflow through the unrestricted coil 25.
  • Microelectronics within the ECM motor 44 provide the ability to control the speed of the ECM motor 44 to maintain a constant speed on the motor shaft 62.
  • the torque applied to the motor shaft 62 while operating at the desired shaft speed is known.
  • frost may form on the coil 25 of the outdoor unit 34, which restricts airflow through the coil 25 and can increase the torque load on the motor shaft 62.
  • frost forms on the coil 25, the restriction of airflow also has the effect of increasing the pressure differential across the blower fan 42.
  • the ECM motor 44 is controlled to operate at a constant shaft speed and the pressure differential across the blower fan 42 has increased due to the frost build on the coil 25, the operating torque of the motor shaft 62 increases to match the increased torque load required by the blower fan 42 operating at the desired shaft speed.
  • a sensor 64 detects the torque applied to the motor shaft 62 of the ECM motor 44 and communicates the detected shaft torque to a control 66.
  • a threshold value (a maximum torque setpoint) is programmed into the control 66.
  • the threshold value is specific for the coil 25 of the outdoor unit 34 and can be based on several factors, including the numbers of tubes in the coil 25, the size of the coil 25, the surface area of the coils 25, and the tonnage of the refrigeration system 20. As frost builds up on the coil 25, the torque applied to the motor shaft 62 increases to maintain the required shaft speed.
  • the threshold value is the operating torque of the motor shaft 62 when the maximum airflow restriction through the coil 25 occurs due to frost buildup on the coil 25.
  • the control 66 When the sensor 64 detects that the torque applied to the motor shaft 62 is greater than or equal to the threshold value, this indicates that the amount of frost built up on the coil 25 is the maximum amount allowed.
  • the control 66 then initiates a defrost cycle to melt the frost on the coil 25. This allows for demand defrost. That is, the defrost cycle is initiated when the control 66 determines that a defrost cycle is necessary.
  • a defrost heater 68 is activated when the defrost cycle is initiated.
  • the defrost heater 68 is positioned near the coil 25 and melts frost from the coil 25 when activated.
  • the defrost heater 68 is deactivated.
  • hot refrigerant from a discharge of the compressor 22 is directed to the first heat exchanger 24 along a line 70 to melt the frost.
  • a valve 72 is located on the line 70 from an output of the compressor 22, and the control 66 opens the valve 72 to allow the hot refrigerant to flow to the coil 25.
  • the control 66 closes the valve 72 to prevent the hot refrigerant from flowing to the coil 25.
  • a defrost heater 68 and a valve 72 on a line 70 from the discharge of the compressor 22 are disclosed, any method of defrosting can be employed.
  • the defrost cycle ends after a predetermined amount of time. After the control 66 determines that the predetermined amount of time has passed, the control 66 sends a signal to deactivate the defrost heater 68 or close the valve 72. In another example, the defrost cycle ends after a temperature sensor 74 detects a predetermined temperature in the coil 25 and communicates this information to the control 66. When the predetermined temperature is reached, the control 66 sends a signal to deactivate the defrost heater 68 or close the valve 72.
  • the predetermined temperature depends on the outdoor unit 34, and one skilled in the art would understand how to determine the predetermined temperature.
  • the initiation of the defrost cycle is time independent and only occurs on demand, so only the actual airflow restriction through the coil 25 will determine the need for a defrost cycle. This increases the operating efficiency of the heat pump by eliminating unnecessary defrost cycles and preventing heating operating when the airflow conditions through the coil 25 are not suitable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur comprenant un moteur faisant tourner un arbre de moteur pour faire tourner un ventilateur. Une vitesse de fonctionnement de l'arbre de moteur détermine un flux d'air à travers un serpentin d'échangeur de chaleur. L'échangeur de chaleur comprend également un capteur détectant un paramètre de l'arbre de moteur et un contrôle. Le paramètre détecté par le capteur est communiqué au contrôle. Le paramètre est l'une des vitesses de fonctionnement de l'arbre de moteur, et un couple d'arbre de moteur. Si le paramètre est la vitesse de fonctionnement, le contrôle initie un cycle de dégivrage lorsque la vitesse de fonctionnement de l'arbre de moteur est inférieure ou égale à une valeur seuil. Si le paramètre est le couple d'arbre de moteur, le contrôle initie le cycle de dégivrage lorsque le couple appliqué à l'arbre de moteur est supérieur ou égal à une valeur seuil.
PCT/US2010/027299 2009-03-17 2010-03-15 Dégivrage à la demande pour pompes à chaleur WO2010107691A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/203,256 US20110302937A1 (en) 2009-03-17 2010-03-15 Demand defrost for heat pumps

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16081909P 2009-03-17 2009-03-17
US61/160,819 2009-03-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010107691A1 true WO2010107691A1 (fr) 2010-09-23

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PCT/US2010/027299 WO2010107691A1 (fr) 2009-03-17 2010-03-15 Dégivrage à la demande pour pompes à chaleur

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US (1) US20110302937A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010107691A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2991441A1 (fr) * 2012-06-04 2013-12-06 Mobile Comfort Holding Procede de detection de givrage d'un echangeur evaporateur air/fluide frigorigene base sur l'augmentation de la consommation electrique
CN105318453A (zh) * 2014-06-13 2016-02-10 美的集团股份有限公司 室外机化霜装置及空调器
EP3207315B1 (fr) 2014-10-16 2020-03-18 Swegon Operations AB Dégivrage adaptatif d'un système de traitement d'air

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US9599383B2 (en) * 2010-08-24 2017-03-21 Lennox Industries Inc. Fan motor controller for use in an air conditioning system
US9239183B2 (en) 2012-05-03 2016-01-19 Carrier Corporation Method for reducing transient defrost noise on an outdoor split system heat pump
US10168067B2 (en) * 2015-09-22 2019-01-01 Lennox Industries Inc. Detecting and handling a blocked condition in the coil
SG11201810307VA (en) 2016-05-27 2018-12-28 Carrier Corp Method for determining reduced airflow in transport refrigeration system
KR20180052994A (ko) * 2016-11-11 2018-05-21 엘지전자 주식회사 냉장고 및 그 제어 방법
US11268730B2 (en) * 2020-04-08 2022-03-08 Edward Helbling Energy management system controller and method
US11371761B2 (en) 2020-04-13 2022-06-28 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Method of operating an air conditioner unit based on airflow

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JPH0684837B2 (ja) * 1987-08-10 1994-10-26 ダイキン工業株式会社 空気調和機
KR100310146B1 (ko) * 1998-11-27 2001-12-17 윤종용 공기조화기의제상운전제어방법
JP2007170695A (ja) * 2005-12-19 2007-07-05 Corona Corp ヒートポンプ装置
JP2008020181A (ja) * 2006-07-11 2008-01-31 Lg Electronics Inc 空気調和システム及びその制御方法

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2991441A1 (fr) * 2012-06-04 2013-12-06 Mobile Comfort Holding Procede de detection de givrage d'un echangeur evaporateur air/fluide frigorigene base sur l'augmentation de la consommation electrique
CN105318453A (zh) * 2014-06-13 2016-02-10 美的集团股份有限公司 室外机化霜装置及空调器
CN105318453B (zh) * 2014-06-13 2018-03-30 美的集团股份有限公司 室外机化霜装置及空调器
EP3207315B1 (fr) 2014-10-16 2020-03-18 Swegon Operations AB Dégivrage adaptatif d'un système de traitement d'air

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