WO2010105758A1 - Energy transfer system comprising several primary coils - Google Patents

Energy transfer system comprising several primary coils Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010105758A1
WO2010105758A1 PCT/EP2010/001494 EP2010001494W WO2010105758A1 WO 2010105758 A1 WO2010105758 A1 WO 2010105758A1 EP 2010001494 W EP2010001494 W EP 2010001494W WO 2010105758 A1 WO2010105758 A1 WO 2010105758A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
primary
coils
side device
vehicle
coil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/001494
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Faical Turki
Ulrich Reker
Original Assignee
Paul Vahle Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Paul Vahle Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Paul Vahle Gmbh & Co. Kg
Publication of WO2010105758A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010105758A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/005—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles without mechanical contact between the collector and the power supply line
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/122—Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B60L53/37—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles using optical position determination, e.g. using cameras
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B60L53/38—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/39—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer with position-responsive activation of primary coils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60M7/00—Power lines or rails specially adapted for electrically-propelled vehicles of special types, e.g. suspension tramway, ropeway, underground railway
    • B60M7/006—Power lines or rails specially adapted for electrically-propelled vehicles of special types, e.g. suspension tramway, ropeway, underground railway for auto-scooters or the like, the power being supplied over a broad surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H02J50/402—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/006—Details of transformers or inductances, in general with special arrangement or spacing of turns of the winding(s), e.g. to produce desired self-resonance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/005—Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a primary-side device for a power transmission system for non-contact transmission of electrical energy to at least one stationary or moving vehicle, wherein at least one secondary element is arranged on the vehicle, which can be coupled inductively by means of at least one coil with the primary-side device, wherein the coils of Primary-side device with at least one energy source, in particular in the form of an inverter, connected or connectable.
  • the befindlichem in the vehicle electrical energy storage either while driving or during standstill, z. B. in the garage or on another parking lot.
  • the charge is preferably at night, where the vehicle is not needed and electric power is cheaper than during the day.
  • optical and acoustic systems are known which indicate to the driver of the vehicle whether and when the vehicle has arrived at the correct parking position.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device in which an exact parking at a certain point is not necessary and still an energy transfer can take place with a high efficiency.
  • Another object is to provide an inductive power transmission system for moving vehicles.
  • the primary-side device is designed such that several coils are arranged side by side or in rows and spirals (matrix-shaped) and only the coil or coils inductive energy to the secondary element, which as known from the prior art pick-up with appropriate coil can be formed, transmitted to the vehicle, which are located in the vicinity of the pick-up coil or the secondary element.
  • the primary-side coils can be actively connected by means of a switching device to an inverter so that a resonant current flows through them. This system is called an active system. It is also possible that all the coils of the primary-side device are connected in parallel with each other, taking into account the necessary capacity to form corresponding resonant circuits on an inverter.
  • the individual resonant circuits are adjusted so detuned that it requires the additional impedance of the secondary-side coil that a resonant current flows through the respective coil or the resonant circuit and thus a sufficiently strong magnetic field is built up, with enough electric power transmitted to the vehicle leaves.
  • Such a system is called a passive system because no active switching elements are needed. Due to the detuning of the individual resonant circuits flows through all the other coils that are not in the immediate vicinity of the secondary element, only a small current of the efficiency of the overall device only slightly deteriorated. In the passive system in which the primary circuit is highly inductive, the primary-side inductance is compensated when the more capacitive secondary circuit occurs.
  • the secondary element is always required, which changes the impedance of the primary-side coil as seen by the supply unit so that the system of primary and secondary side coil is optimally brought into resonance with the system frequency used by the supply unit and thus a magnetic field corresponding to the power is built up where the other primary
  • These coils differ in impedance from the resonance situation, so that either the non-resonant primary-side coils due to the large reactance and resulting low primary-side current to the outside have a low to no magnetic field or the change in impedance can be detected by measurement can and can lead to a partial shutdown of the non-resonant coils by means of corresponding switching elements.
  • the coils are preferably connected to an inverter which generates a voltage or current of 10 to 100 kHz.
  • the air gap between see the primary and secondary coils should be in the order of 0-100 mm. The smaller the air gap, the better of course the efficiency of the overall system.
  • the coils may be formed as longitudinally drawn coils which can be arranged either transversely or parallel to the direction of travel of the vehicle side by side. Preferably, the coils are arranged transversely to the direction of travel, so that there is a slight parking, especially in the garage.
  • the primary-side coils are arranged at the crossing points of rows and columns, they are advantageously formed circular. It is also possible that the coils are elongated and extend along the lines and columns and intersect each other. In all of the devices described above, the primary-side coils may have one or more turns.
  • the primary-side device can either be in the ground, z. B. the garage floor or a roadway, be arranged. However, it is also possible to arrange the primary-side coils in a flat housing, which is designed such that a vehicle can drive over it. Thus, the device according to the invention is advantageous to use in a garage or a parking space.
  • the housing can be so stable that a vehicle with its tires can drive over it. However, it is also possible to design the dimension of the housing so that the housing fits exactly between the tires and thus the distance of the upper edge of the housing to the underbody of the vehicle, in the area of which the secondary-side arrangement of the energy transmission system is located, is reduced.
  • the device according to the invention is not limited to the fact that only one vehicle parks or drives over it. Of course, it is possible to form the primary-side arrangement over a large area, with sufficiently primary-side coils being provided so that more than one vehicle can park / drive and be charged above the primary-side device. This is z. As useful in public parking garages or roads that are equipped with the device according to the invention. For such a device, one or more central power supply stations and switching means may be provided.
  • the primary-side coils inductively in addition to the electrical energy to transmit data, as it is already known from the prior art.
  • a communication without additional communication means between the vehicle and the primary-side control device is possible.
  • the primary-side coils used for transmission can be switched off by the inverter.
  • z. B. via radio transmission links a communication between the vehicle and primary-side switching device takes place.
  • Figure 1 Top view and front view of a parked vehicle with underlying primary-side device
  • FIG. 2 shows the first possible embodiment of the primary-side device according to the invention with secondary elements arranged above it;
  • FIG. 3 second possible embodiment of the primary-side device according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 electrical wiring of the individual components of the primary-side device for a passive
  • FIG. 5 Connection of the primary-side coils for an active system
  • FIG. 6 shows an overall electrical diagram for primary and secondary side for an active system
  • FIG. 7 overall electrical diagram for primary and secondary side for a passive system without switching elements for switching off the individual primary-side oscillating circuits
  • Figure 8 shows a third possible embodiment in which the primary-side coils extend in the direction of rows and columns and intersect each other;
  • Figure 9 electrical wiring of the individual components of the primary-side device acc.
  • Figure 10 electrical wiring of the individual components of the primary-side device acc. FIG. 8 for an active energy transmission system.
  • FIG. 1 shows different views of a vehicle F with wheels R, which is parked on a floor Bo.
  • the primary-side device 1 On the floor Bo, the primary-side device 1 is arranged, via which the vehicle F must drive to reach the parking position.
  • the secondary element 2 At the vehicle floor, the secondary element 2 is arranged, which contains the secondary-side coil Sp.
  • F can park in principle with his secondary element 2 in principle.
  • the only prerequisite is that the secondary element 2 is located above the primary-side device 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a first possible embodiment of the primary-side device 1, which has a housing 10 in which the primary-side
  • Coils S1-S4 are arranged.
  • the individual terminals S / ⁇ j, Sssj of the individual coils are led out of the housing 10 individually in this embodiment. It is of course possible that only a single cable with several electrical supply and discharge lines from the device 1 is led out to the cabinet or inverter. Of course, it is possible that the necessary capacities for forming the resonant circuits are also arranged in the housing 10. It is also possible to also arrange the necessary inverter or supply voltage or current sources and possibly required switching means in the housing 10.
  • the primary-side device 1 can be used both as a passive and as an active system. If the device is designed as an active system, that or those coil (s) can be detected by measuring the resonance conditions, which has a sufficient coupling to the secondary-side coil Sp of the secondary element 2 for energy transfer.
  • the secondary element 2 is located at a distance d from the top of the housing 10.
  • the primary coils are tuned by themselves weakly inductive, which results in a slight detuning.
  • the feed can be done by means of constant voltage or impressed current.
  • the primary coils and secondary-side coils can also be provided with ferrite be deposited material, as it is already known from the prior art. By laying the primary-side coils S1-S4 transversely to the
  • Driving direction X results in a high lateral position tolerance of the secondary element.
  • the use of ferrite plates below the primary-side coils results in no or only a slight influence by iron below the housing 10, which z. B. is laid as probation in the soil Bo.
  • By bundling the magnetic field advantageously an increase in the transmission efficiency and reduction of the control inductance can be achieved. Due to the arrangement below the vehicle, sufficient ground clearance is always guaranteed. In addition, there is a low power loss, since the power consumption depends on the load.
  • the feeding circuit is simple because there is no reactive power in the active branch. If the system is operated as an active system, no current flows in the unused coils, since they are actively separated from the voltage sources by means of the control device and the switching means.
  • the primary-side device according to FIG. 2 is a passive system, in which case the circuit according to FIG. 4 is formed with primary oscillating circuits connected in parallel to one another.
  • the primary coils are each highly inductive tuned, resulting in a high detuning. Only by the presence of at least the secondary-side coil Sp is the impedance of the primary-side coil then changed so that the system of primary and secondary side coil is optimally brought into resonance with the system frequency used by the feed unit and thus one of the power corresponding from the point of view of the feed unit Magnetic field is built up.
  • the other primary-side coils differ so much in impedance from the resonance situation that either the out-of-resonance primary-side coils have little to no magnetic field due to the large reactance and the resulting low primary side current, or the change the impedance is detected by measurement and a partial shutdown of the non-resonant coils is done by means of switching means.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second possible embodiment of the device according to the invention on the primary side, in which the primary-side coils are arranged in matrix-like fashion next to one another parallel to the bottom surface.
  • the coils S11-S55 are arranged in five rows Z1-Z5 and five columns Spi-Sp5 at the crossing points of the columns and rows.
  • the connection lines of the individual coils S11-S55 are not shown.
  • the housing 10 has sloping side surfaces, so that an accidental driving over with the tires of the vehicle neither leads to damage of the housing 10 nor the tire itself.
  • This embodiment of the primary-side device 1 ' can also be operated either as an active system or as a passive system. Reference is made to the above description.
  • the individual series resonant circuits can be decoupled from the inverter 4 by means not shown switching elements.
  • separate sensor circuits or current measurements are necessary. manoeuvrable so that the change in the impedance of the series resonant circuit can be detected metrologically.
  • FIG. 5 shows the circuitry of an active system, wherein the supply lines 5i to 5 n by non-illustrated switching means is selectively separable, so that only one or certain coils Si-S n to be used for transmission of electrical energy.
  • Figures 6 and 7 show the overall circuit diagrams for primary side and secondary side for an active system ( Figure 6) and a passive system ( Figure 7).
  • Figure 8 shows a third possible embodiment of the invention, in which the elongated coils SIx to S4x are arranged parallel to the rows Zl to Z4 and the elongated coils Siy to S4y are arranged parallel to the columns SpI to Sp4.
  • the elongated coils SIx to S4x are arranged parallel to the rows Zl to Z4 and the elongated coils Siy to S4y are arranged parallel to the columns SpI to Sp4.
  • any number of rows and columns and thus coils can be provided.
  • the width of the elongated coils and their length is arbitrary.
  • the number of turns of each coil must be adjusted to the system requirements.
  • This embodiment can also be operated as an active or passive system.
  • the schematic diagrams for this purpose are shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. A particularly strong magnetic field can be generated in the region of the overlapping coils.
  • the magnetic field in the field B 3 i can be generated by the selective energization of the coils S 3x and S yy, provided that the system is designed as an active system.
  • the resonant circuits are to be designed such that the resonance condition for the coils S3x and SIy sets as soon as the secondary element is above the field B 3 i.
  • the rows and columns are not necessarily arranged at 90 ° to each other. So it is also possible that the rows and columns converge at an acute or obtuse angle.
  • the individual coils can also run or be arranged diagonally to the roadway or in the housing 10. If the device according to the invention is used to supply moving vehicles, eg on a road, the secondary element moves over the primary-side device. Of course, in the case of an active system, the coils have to be activated or switched with adaptation to the driving speed. In a passive system, the circuitry complexity is reduced, since the resonance conditions are always system-dependent where the secondary element is located.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a primary device for an energy transfer system for the contactless transfer of electric energy to at least one stationary or moving vehicle, at least one secondary element which can be inductively coupled to the primary device by means of at least one coil being situated in the vehicle. The coils of the primary device are or can be connected to at least one energy source, in particular in the form of an inverter and the coils (Sj) of the primary device (1, 1') are either arranged in a row or in a matrix consisting of rows (Zj) and columns (Spj). The coils are either arranged on the intersection points of the rows and columns or extend as elongated coils along the rows and columns, intersecting in the region of the intersection points.

Description

Energieübertragungssystem mit mehreren Primärspulen Energy transfer system with multiple primary coils
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine primärseitige Vorrichtung für ein Energieübertragungssystem zur berührungslosen Übertragung elektrischer Energie auf mindestens ein stehendes oder fahrendes Fahrzeug, wobei an dem Fahrzeug mindestens ein Sekundärelement angeordnet ist, welches induktiv mittels mindestens einer Spule mit der primärseitigen Vorrichtung koppelbar ist, wobei die Spulen der primärseitigen Vorrichtung mit mindestens einer Energiequelle, insbesondere in Form eines In- verters, verbunden oder verbindbar sind.The present invention relates to a primary-side device for a power transmission system for non-contact transmission of electrical energy to at least one stationary or moving vehicle, wherein at least one secondary element is arranged on the vehicle, which can be coupled inductively by means of at least one coil with the primary-side device, wherein the coils of Primary-side device with at least one energy source, in particular in the form of an inverter, connected or connectable.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind verschiedene Vorrichtungen zur Über- tragung elektrischer Energie mittels Induktion bekannt. So sind zum einen Systeme bekannt, bei denen sich Primärleiter längs der Fahrtrichtung eines Fahrzeugs erstrecken, wobei durch die Primärleiter ein mittelfre- quenter Starkstrom fließt und an dessen elektrisches Feld Pick-Up- Spulen, welche an Fahrzeugen montiert, induktiv angekoppelt sind um vom Primärleitersystem elektrische Energie über die Pick-Up-Spule in das Fahrzeug zu leiten. Die Primärleiter können sowohl in der Fahrbahn als auch mittels entsprechender Haltevorrichtungen oberirdisch verlegt werden. Sofern die Primärleiter gesondert geführt werden, können sie zur besseren Ankoppelung von einer e-förmigen Pick-Up umgriffen werden. Sofern die Primärleiter im Boden verlegt sind, wie es z. B. aus der DE 197 46 919 vorbekannt ist, besteht ein Luftspalt zwischen Primärspule und am Fahrzeug befestigter Pick-Up-Spule.Various devices for the transmission of electrical energy by means of induction are known from the prior art. Thus, on the one hand, systems are known in which primary conductors extend along the direction of travel of a vehicle, a medium-frequency high-current flowing through the primary conductors and to the electric field of which pick-up coils mounted on vehicles are inductively coupled to the primary conductor system to conduct electrical energy into the vehicle via the pick-up coil. The primary conductors can be laid above ground both in the roadway and by means of appropriate holding devices. If the primary conductors are routed separately, they can be used for better coupling be embraced by an e-shaped pick-up. If the primary conductors are laid in the ground, as z. B. from DE 197 46 919 is already known, there is an air gap between the primary coil and the vehicle mounted pick-up coil.
Bei Elektrofahrzeugen ist es stets notwendig, die im Fahrzeug befindli- chen elektrischen Energiespeicher entweder während der Fahrt oder während des Stillstandes, z. B. in der Garage oder auf einem sonstigen Parkplatz aufzuladen. Die Aufladung erfolgt vorzugsweise Nachts, wo das Fahrzeug nicht benötigt wird und elektrischer Strom günstiger als am Tag ist.In electric vehicles, it is always necessary, the befindlichem in the vehicle electrical energy storage either while driving or during standstill, z. B. in the garage or on another parking lot. The charge is preferably at night, where the vehicle is not needed and electric power is cheaper than during the day.
Aus der DE 42 36 286 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Laden eines stillstehenden Fahrzeugs vorbekannt, wobei im Boden, z. B. in einer Garage, die primärseitige Vorrichtung mit einer Primärspule angeordnet ist, welche mittels einer Hebevorrichtung zur Verringerung des Luftspaltes zur unterhalb des Fahrzeugs angeordneten Pick-Up-Spule hochschwenkbar ist. Bei dieser Anordnung ist es erforderlich, dass das Fahrzeug exakt über der primärseitigen Vorrichtung geparkt wird, damit eine Energieübertragung mit hohem Wirkungsgrad erfolgen kann.From DE 42 36 286 a device for loading a stationary vehicle is previously known, wherein in the ground, z. B. in a garage, the primary-side device is arranged with a primary coil, which by means of a lifting device for reducing the air gap to the arranged below the vehicle pick-up coil is swung up. In this arrangement, it is necessary that the vehicle is parked exactly above the primary-side device, so that energy transfer can be carried out with high efficiency.
Zur genauen Positionierung des Fahrzeugs sind optische und akustische Systeme bekannt, die dem Fahrer des Fahrzeugs anzeigen, ob und wann das Fahrzeug an der richtigen Parkposition angelangt ist.For precise positioning of the vehicle, optical and acoustic systems are known which indicate to the driver of the vehicle whether and when the vehicle has arrived at the correct parking position.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung bereitzustellen, bei der ein exaktes Parkieren an einer bestimmten Stelle nicht notwendig ist und dennoch eine Energieübertragung mit einem hohen Wirkungsgrad erfolgen kann.The object of the present invention is to provide a device in which an exact parking at a certain point is not necessary and still an energy transfer can take place with a high efficiency.
Eine weitere Aufgabe ist es ein induktives Energieübertragungssystem für fahrende Fahrzeuge bereitzustellen.Another object is to provide an inductive power transmission system for moving vehicles.
Diese Aufgaben werden erfindungsgemäß mittels einer primärseitigen Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.These objects are achieved by means of a primary-side device with the features of claim 1.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 ergeben sich durch die Merkmale der auf den Anspruch 1 rückbezogenen Unteransprüche.Advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention Claim 1 result from the features of the dependent on claim 1 dependent claims.
Die erfindungsgemäße primärseitige Vorrichtung ist derart gestaltet, dass mehrere Spulen nebeneinander oder in Zeiien und Spaiten (matrix- förmig) angeordnet sind und lediglich die Spule bzw. Spulen induktive Energie zum Sekundärelement, welches als aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Pick-Up mit entsprechender Spule ausgebildet sein kann, des Fahrzeugs übertragen, die sich in der Nähe der Pick-Up-Spule bzw. des Sekundärelementes befinden. Dabei können die primärseitigen Spulen aktiv mittels einer Schaltvorrichtung mit einem Inverter verschaltet wer- den, so dass durch sie ein resonanter Strom fließt. Dieses System wird als aktives System bezeichnet. Ebenso ist es möglich, dass sämtliche Spulen der primärseitigen Vorrichtung parallel zueinander unter Berücksichtigung der notwendigen Kapazitäten zur Bildung entsprechender Schwingkreise an einem Inverter angeschlossen sind. Die einzelnen Schwingkreise sind dabei derart verstimmt eingestellt, dass es der zusätzlichen Impedanz der sekundärseitigen Spule bedarf, dass ein resonanter Strom durch die jeweilige Spule bzw. den Schwingkreis fließt und somit ein hinreichend starkes Magnetfeld aufgebaut wird, mit dem sich genügend elektrische Leistung zum Fahrzeug übertragen lässt. Ein derar- tiges System wird als passives System bezeichnet, da keine aktiven Schaltelemente benötigt werden. Aufgrund der Verstimmung der einzelnen Schwingkreise fließt durch alle übrigen Spulen, die sich nicht in unmittelbarer Nähe des Sekundärelementes befinden, nur ein geringer Strom der den Wirkungsgrad der Gesamtvorrichtung nur unwesentlich verschlechtert. Bei dem passiven System, bei dem der Primärkreis stark induktiv ist, wird die primärseitige Induktivität beim Auftreten des eher kapazitiven Sekundärkreises kompensiert. Somit ist stets das Sekundärelement vonnöten, welches die Impedanz der primärseitigen Spule aus Sicht der Speiseeinheit so verändert, dass das System aus primär- und sekundärseitiger Spule optimal in Resonanz mit der von der Speiseeinheit verwendeten Systemfrequenz gebracht wird und damit ein der Leistung entsprechendes Magnetfeld aufgebaut wird, wobei die anderen primärsei- tigen Spulen sich in der Impedanz von der Resonanzsituation unterscheiden, so dass entweder die nicht in Resonanz befindlichen primärseitigen Spulen aufgrund des großen Blindwiderstandes und sich daraus ergebenden geringen primärseitigen Stroms nach außen ein geringes bis kein magnetisches Feld haben oder aber die Veränderung der Impedanz messtechnisch detektiert werden kann und zu einer partiellen Abschaltung der nicht in Resonanz befindlichen Spulen mittels entsprechender Schaltelemente führen kann.The primary-side device according to the invention is designed such that several coils are arranged side by side or in rows and spitals (matrix-shaped) and only the coil or coils inductive energy to the secondary element, which as known from the prior art pick-up with appropriate coil can be formed, transmitted to the vehicle, which are located in the vicinity of the pick-up coil or the secondary element. In this case, the primary-side coils can be actively connected by means of a switching device to an inverter so that a resonant current flows through them. This system is called an active system. It is also possible that all the coils of the primary-side device are connected in parallel with each other, taking into account the necessary capacity to form corresponding resonant circuits on an inverter. The individual resonant circuits are adjusted so detuned that it requires the additional impedance of the secondary-side coil that a resonant current flows through the respective coil or the resonant circuit and thus a sufficiently strong magnetic field is built up, with enough electric power transmitted to the vehicle leaves. Such a system is called a passive system because no active switching elements are needed. Due to the detuning of the individual resonant circuits flows through all the other coils that are not in the immediate vicinity of the secondary element, only a small current of the efficiency of the overall device only slightly deteriorated. In the passive system in which the primary circuit is highly inductive, the primary-side inductance is compensated when the more capacitive secondary circuit occurs. Thus, the secondary element is always required, which changes the impedance of the primary-side coil as seen by the supply unit so that the system of primary and secondary side coil is optimally brought into resonance with the system frequency used by the supply unit and thus a magnetic field corresponding to the power is built up where the other primary These coils differ in impedance from the resonance situation, so that either the non-resonant primary-side coils due to the large reactance and resulting low primary-side current to the outside have a low to no magnetic field or the change in impedance can be detected by measurement can and can lead to a partial shutdown of the non-resonant coils by means of corresponding switching elements.
Die Spulen werden bevorzugt an einen Inverter angeschlossen, der eine Spannung bzw. Strom von 10 bis 100 kHz erzeugt. Der Luftspalt zwi- sehen der Primär- und Sekundärspulen sollte in der Größenordnung von 0-100 mm liegen. Je kleiner der Luftspalt ist, desto besser ist selbstverständlich der Wirkungsgrad des Gesamtsystems.The coils are preferably connected to an inverter which generates a voltage or current of 10 to 100 kHz. The air gap between see the primary and secondary coils should be in the order of 0-100 mm. The smaller the air gap, the better of course the efficiency of the overall system.
Sofern die Spulen in einer Reihe angeordnet sind, können die Spulen als längsgezogene Spulen ausgebildet sein, die entweder quer oder parallel zur Fahrtrichtung des Fahrzeugs nebeneinander angeordnet werden können. Bevorzugt werden die Spulen quer zur Fahrtrichtung angeordnet, damit sich ein leichtes Parkieren, insbesondere in der Garage ergibt. Sofern die primärseitigen Spulen auf den Kreuzungspunkten von Zeilen und Spalten angeordnet sind, werden sie vorteilhaft kreisförmig ausgebildet. Es ist ebenso möglich, dass die Spulen länglich ausgedehnt sind und sich entlang der Zeilen und Spalten erstrecken und einander kreuzen. Bei allen vorbeschriebenen Vorrichtungen können die primärseitigen Spulen eine oder mehrere Windungen aufweisen.If the coils are arranged in a row, the coils may be formed as longitudinally drawn coils which can be arranged either transversely or parallel to the direction of travel of the vehicle side by side. Preferably, the coils are arranged transversely to the direction of travel, so that there is a slight parking, especially in the garage. If the primary-side coils are arranged at the crossing points of rows and columns, they are advantageously formed circular. It is also possible that the coils are elongated and extend along the lines and columns and intersect each other. In all of the devices described above, the primary-side coils may have one or more turns.
Die primärseitige Vorrichtung kann entweder im Boden, z. B. dem Gara- genboden oder einer Fahrbahn, angeordnet sein. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, die primärseitigen Spulen in einem flachen Gehäuse anzuordnen, welches derart ausgebildet ist, dass ein Fahrzeug darüber fahren kann. Somit ist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung vorteilhaft in einer Garage oder einem Stellplatz einzusetzen. Das Gehäuse kann so stabil ausgebil- det sein, dass ein Fahrzeug mit seinen Reifen darüber fahren kann. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, die Abmessung des Gehäuses so auszulegen, dass das Gehäuse genau zwischen die Reifen passt und somit der Abstand der Oberkante des Gehäuses zum Unterboden des Fahrzeugs, in dessen Bereich sich die sekundärseitige Anordnung des Energieübertragungssystems befindet, verringert wird.The primary-side device can either be in the ground, z. B. the garage floor or a roadway, be arranged. However, it is also possible to arrange the primary-side coils in a flat housing, which is designed such that a vehicle can drive over it. Thus, the device according to the invention is advantageous to use in a garage or a parking space. The housing can be so stable that a vehicle with its tires can drive over it. However, it is also possible to design the dimension of the housing so that the housing fits exactly between the tires and thus the distance of the upper edge of the housing to the underbody of the vehicle, in the area of which the secondary-side arrangement of the energy transmission system is located, is reduced.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist nicht darauf beschränkt, dass lediglich ein Fahrzeug über ihr parkt oder fährt. Selbstverständlich ist es möglich, die primärseitige Anordnung großflächig auszubilden, wobei hinreichend primärseitige Spulen vorzusehen sind, so dass mehr als ein Fahrzeug oberhalb der primärseitigen Vorrichtung parken/fahren und Aufgeladen werden kann. Dies ist z. B. in öffentlichen Parkhäusern oder für Straßen sinnvoll, die mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ausgerüstet sind. Für eine derartige Vorrichtung kann eine oder mehrere zentrale Energiezufuhrstationen und Schalteinrichtung vorgesehen werden.The device according to the invention is not limited to the fact that only one vehicle parks or drives over it. Of course, it is possible to form the primary-side arrangement over a large area, with sufficiently primary-side coils being provided so that more than one vehicle can park / drive and be charged above the primary-side device. This is z. As useful in public parking garages or roads that are equipped with the device according to the invention. For such a device, one or more central power supply stations and switching means may be provided.
Selbstverständlich ist es möglich über die primärseitigen Spulen induktiv neben der elektrischen Energie auch Daten zu übertragen, wie es bereits aus dem Stand der Technik vorbekannt ist. Hierdurch ist eine Kommunikation ohne zusätzliche Kommunikationsmittel zwischen Fahrzeug und der primärseitigen Steuereinrichtung möglich. So können nach vollendetem Ladevorgang die zur Übertragung verwendeten primärseitigen Spulen vom Inverter abgeschaltet werden. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, dass z. B. über Funkübertragungsstrecken eine Kommunikation zwischen Fahrzeug und primärseitiger Schalteinrichtung erfolgt.Of course, it is possible via the primary-side coils inductively in addition to the electrical energy to transmit data, as it is already known from the prior art. As a result, a communication without additional communication means between the vehicle and the primary-side control device is possible. Thus, after completion of the charging process, the primary-side coils used for transmission can be switched off by the inverter. Of course, it is also possible that z. B. via radio transmission links a communication between the vehicle and primary-side switching device takes place.
Selbstverständlich ist es möglich, dass eine individuelle Abrechnung für jedes Fahrzeug, welches mit elektrischer Energie über die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung versorgt worden ist, vorgenommen wird.Of course, it is possible that an individual account for each vehicle, which has been supplied with electrical energy through the device according to the invention, is made.
Nachfolgend werden die verschiedenen Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen primärseitigen Vorrichtung und des Gesamtsystems anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The various embodiments of the primary-side device according to the invention and of the overall system will be explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Figur 1 : Draufsicht und Vorderansicht eines parkenden Fahrzeugs mit darunter befindlicher primärseitiger Vorrichtung;Figure 1: Top view and front view of a parked vehicle with underlying primary-side device;
Figur 2: erste mögliche Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen pri- märseitigen Vorrichtung mit darüber angeordneten Sekundär- εierπεπi.;FIG. 2 shows the first possible embodiment of the primary-side device according to the invention with secondary elements arranged above it;
Figur 3: zweite mögliche Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen primärseitigen Vorrichtung;FIG. 3: second possible embodiment of the primary-side device according to the invention;
Figur 4: elektrische Beschaltung der Einzelkomponenten der primärseitigen Vorrichtung für ein passivesFigure 4: electrical wiring of the individual components of the primary-side device for a passive
Energieübertragungssystem;Power transmission system;
Figur 5: Beschaltung der primärseitigen Spulen für ein aktives Sys- tem;FIG. 5: Connection of the primary-side coils for an active system;
Figur 6: elektrisches Gesamtschaltbild für Primär- und Sekundärseite für ein aktives System;FIG. 6 shows an overall electrical diagram for primary and secondary side for an active system;
Figur 7: elektrisches Gesamtschaltbild für Primär- und Sekundärseite für ein passives System ohne Schaltelemente zum Ausschal- ten der einzelnen primärseitigen Schwingkreise;FIG. 7: overall electrical diagram for primary and secondary side for a passive system without switching elements for switching off the individual primary-side oscillating circuits;
Figur 8: eine dritte mögliche Ausführungsform, bei der die primärseitigen Spulen sich in der Richtung von Zeilen und Spalten erstrecken und einander kreuzen;Figure 8 shows a third possible embodiment in which the primary-side coils extend in the direction of rows and columns and intersect each other;
Figur 9: elektrische Beschaltung der Einzelkomponenten der primärseitigen Vorrichtung gem. Figur 8 für ein passivesFigure 9: electrical wiring of the individual components of the primary-side device acc. Figure 8 for a passive
Energieübertragungssystem;Power transmission system;
Figur 10: elektrische Beschaltung der Einzelkomponenten der primärseitigen Vorrichtung gem. Figur 8 für ein aktives Energieübertragungssystem.Figure 10: electrical wiring of the individual components of the primary-side device acc. FIG. 8 for an active energy transmission system.
Die Figur 1 zeigt verschiedene Ansichten eines Fahrzeugs F mit Rädern R, welches auf einem Boden Bo parkt. Auf dem Boden Bo ist die primärseiti- ge Vorrichtung 1 angeordnet über die das Fahrzeug F zur Erreichung der Parkposition fahren muss. Am Fahrzeugboden ist das Sekundärelement 2 angeordnet, welches die sekundärseitige Spule Sp enthält. Das FahrzeugFIG. 1 shows different views of a vehicle F with wheels R, which is parked on a floor Bo. On the floor Bo, the primary-side device 1 is arranged, via which the vehicle F must drive to reach the parking position. At the vehicle floor, the secondary element 2 is arranged, which contains the secondary-side coil Sp. The vehicle
F kann mit seinem Sekundärelement 2 prinzipiell beliebig parken. Einzige Voraussetzung ist, dass das Sekundärelement 2 sich oberhalb der pri- märseitigen Vorrichtung 1 befindet. Je mehr Spulen und je größer die Vorrichtung 1 in ihren Abmessungen ist, desto weniger präzise muss das Fahrzeug, z. B. in einer Garage, geparkt werden.F can park in principle with his secondary element 2 in principle. The only prerequisite is that the secondary element 2 is located above the primary-side device 1. The more coils and the larger the device 1 in their dimensions, the less precise the vehicle, z. In a garage.
Die Figur 2 zeigt eine erste mögliche Ausführungsform der primärseitigen Vorrichtung 1, welche ein Gehäuse 10 aufweist, in dem die primärseitigen2 shows a first possible embodiment of the primary-side device 1, which has a housing 10 in which the primary-side
Spulen S1-S4 angeordnet sind. Die einzelnen Anschlüsse S/\j, Sßj der einzelnen Spulen sind bei dieser Ausführungsform einzeln aus dem Gehäuse 10 herausgeführt. Es ist selbstverständlich möglich, dass lediglich ein einziges Kabel mit mehreren elektrischen Zu- und Ableitungen aus der Vorrichtung 1 heraus zum Schaltschrank bzw. Inverter herausgeführt ist. Selbstverständlich ist es möglich, dass die notwendigen Kapazitäten zur Bildung der Schwingkreise ebenfalls in dem Gehäuse 10 angeordnet werden. Auch ist es möglich, den bzw. die notwendigen Inverter bzw. die speisenden Spannungs- oder Stromquellen und eventuell erforderliche Schaltmittel ebenfalls mit in dem Gehäuse 10 anzuordnen.Coils S1-S4 are arranged. The individual terminals S / \ j, Sssj of the individual coils are led out of the housing 10 individually in this embodiment. It is of course possible that only a single cable with several electrical supply and discharge lines from the device 1 is led out to the cabinet or inverter. Of course, it is possible that the necessary capacities for forming the resonant circuits are also arranged in the housing 10. It is also possible to also arrange the necessary inverter or supply voltage or current sources and possibly required switching means in the housing 10.
Die primärseitige Vorrichtung 1 kann sowohl als passives als auch als aktives System verwendet werden. Sofern die Vorrichtung als aktives System ausgebildet ist, kann durch Messung der Resonanzbedingungen diejenige bzw. diejenigen Spule(n) detektiert werden, welche zur Energie- Übertragung eine hinreichende Kopplung zur sekundärseitigen Spule Sp des Sekundärelementes 2 aufweist bzw. -weisen. Das Sekundärelement 2 befindet sich im Abstand d zur Oberseite des Gehäuses 10.The primary-side device 1 can be used both as a passive and as an active system. If the device is designed as an active system, that or those coil (s) can be detected by measuring the resonance conditions, which has a sufficient coupling to the secondary-side coil Sp of the secondary element 2 for energy transfer. The secondary element 2 is located at a distance d from the top of the housing 10.
Bei dem aktiven System sind die Primärspulen für sich schwach induktiv abgestimmt, wodurch sich eine geringe Verstimmung ergibt. Die Einspei- sung kann mittels Konstantspannung oder eingeprägtem Strom erfolgen.In the active system, the primary coils are tuned by themselves weakly inductive, which results in a slight detuning. The feed can be done by means of constant voltage or impressed current.
Auch können die Primärspulen und sekundärseitigen Spulen mit Ferritma- terial hinterlegt sein, wie es bereits aus dem Stand der Technik vorbekannt ist. Durch die Verlegung der primärseitigen Spulen S1-S4 quer zurThe primary coils and secondary-side coils can also be provided with ferrite be deposited material, as it is already known from the prior art. By laying the primary-side coils S1-S4 transversely to the
Fahrtrichtung X ergibt sich eine hohe seitliche Lagetoleranz des Sekundärelementes. Durch die Verwendung von Ferritplatten unterhalb der primärseitigen Spulen ergibt sich keine oder nur eine geringe Beeinflus- sung durch Eisen unterhalb des Gehäuses 10, welches z. B. als Bewährung im Boden Bo verlegt ist. Durch eine Bündelung des Magnetfeldes kann vorteilhaft eine Steigerung der Übertragungseffizienz und Reduzierung der Steuerinduktivität erzielt werden. Aufgrund der Anordnung unterhalb des Fahrzeuges ist stets eine hinreichende Bodenfreiheit gewähr- leist. Zudem ergibt sich eine geringe Verlustleistung, da der Stromverbrauch von der Last abhängig ist. Die einspeisende Schaltung ist einfach, da keine Blindleistung im aktiven Zweig vorhanden ist. Sofern das System als aktives System betrieben wird, fließt in den nicht benötigten Spulen kein Strom, da diese mittels der Steuervorrichtung und der Schaltmittel aktiv von den Spannungsquellen abgetrennt sind. Aufgrund der Erkennung der Lage der Sekundärspule ergibt sich somit eine hohe Positioniertoleranz in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung. Um die Positioniertoleranz weiter zu erhöhen, können viele schmale Spulen, nebeneinander angeordnet werden, so dass letztendlich die Auflösung in X-Richtung durch die Anzahl der nebeneinander und/ oder teilweise überlappenden Spulen erhöht wird. Selbstverständlich ist es möglich, die sich längserstreckenden Spulen auch parallel zur Fahrtrichtung X nebeneinander anzuordnen.Driving direction X results in a high lateral position tolerance of the secondary element. The use of ferrite plates below the primary-side coils results in no or only a slight influence by iron below the housing 10, which z. B. is laid as probation in the soil Bo. By bundling the magnetic field, advantageously an increase in the transmission efficiency and reduction of the control inductance can be achieved. Due to the arrangement below the vehicle, sufficient ground clearance is always guaranteed. In addition, there is a low power loss, since the power consumption depends on the load. The feeding circuit is simple because there is no reactive power in the active branch. If the system is operated as an active system, no current flows in the unused coils, since they are actively separated from the voltage sources by means of the control device and the switching means. Due to the detection of the position of the secondary coil thus results in a high positioning tolerance in the vehicle longitudinal direction. In order to further increase the positioning tolerance, many narrow coils can be arranged side by side, so that ultimately the resolution in the X direction is increased by the number of side by side and / or partially overlapping coils. Of course, it is possible to arrange the longitudinally extending coils parallel to the direction of travel X next to each other.
Auch ist es möglich, die primärseitige Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 2 als passives System auszubilden, wobei dann die Schaltung gemäß Figur 4 mit parallel zueinander geschalteten Primärschwingkreisen ausgebildet ist. Die Primärspulen sind dabei für sich jeweils stark induktiv abgestimmt, wodurch sich eine hohe Verstimmung ergibt. Erst durch die Anwesenheit mindestens der sekundärseitigen Spule Sp wird dann aus Sicht der Speiseeinheit die Impedanz der primärseitigen Spule so verändert, dass das System aus primär- und sekundärseitiger Spule optimal in Resonanz mit der von der Speiseeinheit verwendeten Systemfrequenz gebracht wird und damit ein der Leistung entsprechendes Magnetfeld aufgebaut wird. Die anderen primärseitigen Spulen unterscheiden sich in der Impedanz von der Resonanzsituation so stark, dass entweder die nicht in Resonanz befindlichen primärseitigen Spulen aufgrund des großen Blindwiderstandes und sich daraus ergebenden geringen primärseitigen Stromes nach außen ein geringes bis kein magnetische Feld haben oder aber die Verän- derung der Impedanz messtechnisch detektiert wird und ein partielles Abschalten der nicht in Resonanz befindlichen Spulen mittels Schaltmitteln erfolgt.It is also possible to form the primary-side device according to FIG. 2 as a passive system, in which case the circuit according to FIG. 4 is formed with primary oscillating circuits connected in parallel to one another. The primary coils are each highly inductive tuned, resulting in a high detuning. Only by the presence of at least the secondary-side coil Sp is the impedance of the primary-side coil then changed so that the system of primary and secondary side coil is optimally brought into resonance with the system frequency used by the feed unit and thus one of the power corresponding from the point of view of the feed unit Magnetic field is built up. The other primary-side coils differ so much in impedance from the resonance situation that either the out-of-resonance primary-side coils have little to no magnetic field due to the large reactance and the resulting low primary side current, or the change the impedance is detected by measurement and a partial shutdown of the non-resonant coils is done by means of switching means.
Die Figur 3 zeigt eine zweite mögliche Ausführungsform der primärseitigen erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, bei der die primärseitigen Spulen matrix-förmig nebeneinander parallel zur Bodenoberfläche angeordnet sind. Dabei sind die Spulen S11-S55 in fünf Zeilen Z1-Z5 und fünf Spalten Spi-Sp5 an den Kreuzungspunkten der Spalten und Zeilen angeordnet. Die Anschlussleitungen der einzelnen Spulen S11-S55 sind nicht dargestellt. Das Gehäuse 10 weist schräge Seitenflächen auf, so dass ein versehentliches Darüberfahren mit den Reifen des Fahrzeuges weder zur Beschädigung des Gehäuses 10 noch der Reifen selbst führt. Auch diese Ausführungsform der primärseitigen Vorrichtung 1' kann entweder als aktives oder als passives System betrieben werden. Hierzu wird auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen.FIG. 3 shows a second possible embodiment of the device according to the invention on the primary side, in which the primary-side coils are arranged in matrix-like fashion next to one another parallel to the bottom surface. The coils S11-S55 are arranged in five rows Z1-Z5 and five columns Spi-Sp5 at the crossing points of the columns and rows. The connection lines of the individual coils S11-S55 are not shown. The housing 10 has sloping side surfaces, so that an accidental driving over with the tires of the vehicle neither leads to damage of the housing 10 nor the tire itself. This embodiment of the primary-side device 1 'can also be operated either as an active system or as a passive system. Reference is made to the above description.
Die Figur 4 zeigt die Beschaltung eines passiven Systems mit Inverter 4, Zuleitungen 5, 6 sowie den daran parallel angeschlossenen Serienschwingkreise Ci, Si bis Cn, Sn, wobei die Spulen Si-Sn für sich stark induktiv abgestimmt sind, so dass sich eine hohe Verstimmung ergibt. Erst durch die Induktivität Lpu der Pick-Up-Spule Sp (siehe Figur 7) kommt es zur Resonanzbedingung für die jeweilige(n) Spule(n) Sj, oberhalb derer sich die Pick-Up-Spule Sp des Fahrzeugs befindet.4 shows the wiring of a passive system with inverter 4, leads 5, 6 and connected in parallel therewith series resonant circuits Ci, Si to C n , Sn, wherein the coils Si-S n are tuned for themselves highly inductive, so that a high detuning results. Only through the inductance Lpu of the pick-up coil Sp (see FIG. 7) does the resonance condition arise for the respective coil (s) Sj, above which the pick-up coil Sp of the vehicle is located.
Selbstverständlich ist es möglich, dass auch bei der Parallelschaltung beim passiven System die einzelnen Serienschwingkreise mittels nicht dargestellter Schaltelemente vom Inverter 4 abgekoppelt werden können. Hierzu sind gesonderte Sensorschaltungen oder Strommessungen not- wendig, damit die Veränderung der Impedanz des Serienschwingkreises messtechnisch detektiert werden kann.Of course, it is possible that even with the parallel circuit in the passive system, the individual series resonant circuits can be decoupled from the inverter 4 by means not shown switching elements. For this purpose, separate sensor circuits or current measurements are necessary. manoeuvrable so that the change in the impedance of the series resonant circuit can be detected metrologically.
Die Figur 5 zeigt die Beschaltung eines aktiven Systems, wobei die Zuführleitungen 5i bis 5n mittels nicht dargestellter Schaltmittel selektiv auftrennbar sind, so dass lediglich eine oder bestimmte Spulen Si-Sn zur Übertragung der elektrischen Energie verwendet werden.5 shows the circuitry of an active system, wherein the supply lines 5i to 5 n by non-illustrated switching means is selectively separable, so that only one or certain coils Si-S n to be used for transmission of electrical energy.
Die Figuren 6 und 7 zeigen die Gesamtschaltbilder für Primärseite und Sekundärseite für ein aktives System (Figur 6) und ein passives System (Fig. 7).Figures 6 and 7 show the overall circuit diagrams for primary side and secondary side for an active system (Figure 6) and a passive system (Figure 7).
Die Figur 8 zeigt eine dritte mögliche Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei der die längsgestreckte Spulen SIx bis S4x parallel zu den Zeilen Zl bis Z4 und die längsgestreckten Spulen SIy bis S4y parallel zu den Spalten SpI bis Sp4 angeordnet sind. Selbstverständlich können beliebig viele Zeilen und Spalten und somit Spulen vorgesehen werden. Auch ist die Breite der längsgestreckten Spulen und deren Länge frei wählbar. Ebenso ist die Windungsanzahl jeder Spule den Systemanforderungen anzupassen. Auch diese Ausführungsform kann als aktives oder passives System betrieben werden. Die schematischen Schaltbilder hierfür sind in den Figuren 9 und 10 dargestellt. Ein besonders starkes Magnetfeld kann dabei im Bereich der sich überlagernden Spulen, erzeugt werden. So kann bei- spielsweise das Magnetfeld im Feld B3i durch die selektive Bestromung der Spulen S3x und SIy erzeugt werden, sofern das System als aktives System ausgelegt ist. Bei einem passiven System sind die Schwingkreise derart auszulegen, dass sich die Resonanzbedingung für die Spulen S3x und SIy einstellt, sobald sich das Sekundärelement über dem Feld B3i befindet.Figure 8 shows a third possible embodiment of the invention, in which the elongated coils SIx to S4x are arranged parallel to the rows Zl to Z4 and the elongated coils Siy to S4y are arranged parallel to the columns SpI to Sp4. Of course, any number of rows and columns and thus coils can be provided. Also, the width of the elongated coils and their length is arbitrary. Likewise, the number of turns of each coil must be adjusted to the system requirements. This embodiment can also be operated as an active or passive system. The schematic diagrams for this purpose are shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. A particularly strong magnetic field can be generated in the region of the overlapping coils. Thus, for example, the magnetic field in the field B 3 i can be generated by the selective energization of the coils S 3x and S yy, provided that the system is designed as an active system. In a passive system, the resonant circuits are to be designed such that the resonance condition for the coils S3x and SIy sets as soon as the secondary element is above the field B 3 i.
Die Zeilen und Spalten sind nicht unbedingt im 90°-Winkel zueinander anzuordnen. So ist es auch möglich, dass die Zeilen und Spalten im spitzen oder stumpfen Winkel zusammenlaufen. So können die einzelnen Spulen auch diagonal zur Fahrbahn oder im Gehäuse 10 verlaufen bzw. angeordnet sein. Sofern die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Versorgung sich bewegender Fahrzeuge, z.B. auf einer Straße, verwendet wird, bewegt sich das Sekundärelement über die primärseitige Vorrichtung. Dabei müssen selbstverständlich bei einem aktiven System die Spulen unter Anpassung an die Fahrgeschwindigkeit angesteuert bzw. geschaltet werden. Bei ei- nem passiven System reduziert sich der schaltungstechnische Aufwand, da sich die Resonanzbedingungen systembedingt immer dort einstellen, wo sich das Sekundärelement befindet. The rows and columns are not necessarily arranged at 90 ° to each other. So it is also possible that the rows and columns converge at an acute or obtuse angle. Thus, the individual coils can also run or be arranged diagonally to the roadway or in the housing 10. If the device according to the invention is used to supply moving vehicles, eg on a road, the secondary element moves over the primary-side device. Of course, in the case of an active system, the coils have to be activated or switched with adaptation to the driving speed. In a passive system, the circuitry complexity is reduced, since the resonance conditions are always system-dependent where the secondary element is located.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Primärseitige Vorrichtung für ein Energieübertragungssystem zur berührungslosen Übertragung elektrischer Energie auf mindestens ein stehendes oder fahrendes Fahrzeug, wobei an dem Fahrzeug mindestens ein Sekundärelement angeordnet ist, welches induktiv mittels mindestens einer Spule mit der primärseitige Vorrichtung koppelbar ist, wobei die Spulen der primärseitigen Vorrichtung mit mindestens einer Energiequelle, insbesondere in Form eines Inver- ters, verbunden oder verbindbar sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spulen (Sj) der primärseitigen Vorrichtung (1, I1) entweder in einer Reihe angeordnet sind oder matrixförmig in Zeilen (Zj) und1. Primary-side device for an energy transmission system for non-contact transmission of electrical energy to at least one stationary or moving vehicle, wherein at least one secondary element is arranged on the vehicle, which is inductively coupled by means of at least one coil with the primary-side device, wherein the coils of the primary-side device with at least one energy source, in particular in the form of an inverter, are connected or connectable, characterized in that the coils (Sj) of the primary-side device (1, I 1 ) are arranged either in a row or matrix-like in rows (Zj) and
Spalten (Spj) angeordnet sind, wobei entweder die Spulen auf denColumns (spj) are arranged, with either the coils on the
Knotenpunkten der Zeilen und Spalten angeordnet sind oder sich die Spulen als langgestreckte Spulen entlang der Zeilen und Spalten erstrecken und im Bereich der Knotenpunkte kreuzen.Nodes of the rows and columns are arranged or extend the coils as elongated coils along the rows and columns and cross in the region of the nodes.
2. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nur die Spule bzw. Spulen (Sj) der primärseitigenSecond primary-side device according to claim 1, characterized in that only the coil or coils (Sj) of the primary side
Vorrichtung (1, I1) mit einem, insbesondere hinreichenden, starken Strom durchflössen ist bzw. sind, mittels derer eine Energieübertragung mit hinreichendem Wirkungsgrad auf das mindestens eine Se- kundärelement erfolgt oder die sich in einem Mindestabstand zu dem mindestens einen Sekundärelement (2) befindet bzw. befinden.Device (1, I 1 ) is flowed through with a, in particular sufficient, strong current or by means of which an energy transfer with sufficient efficiency on the at least one secondary kundärelement takes place or at least a minimum distance to the at least one secondary element (2) located or located.
3. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Steuervorrichtung Schaltmittel ansteuert, wobei die Steuervorrichtung nur die Spule oder Spulen mittels der Schalt- mittel mit einem Inverter verbindet, mittels derer eine Energieübertragung mit hinreichendem Wirkungsgrad auf das mindestens eine Sekundärelement erfolgt oder die sich in einem Mindestabstand zu dem mindestens einen Sekundärelement befinden.3. Primary-side device according to claim 2, characterized in that a control device controls switching means, wherein the control device only the coil or coils by means of the switching means with an inverter connects, by means of which an energy transfer with sufficient efficiency to the at least one secondary element takes place or which are located in a minimum distance to the at least one secondary element.
4. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass die Steuervorrichtung mittels der Schaltmittel die4. Primary-side device according to claim 3, characterized in that the control device by means of the switching means the
Spulen (Sj) nacheinander kurzzeitig mit dem Inverter (4) verbindet, und nur die Spule bzw. Spulen (Sj) dauerhaft oder für die Dauer desCoils (Sj) successively briefly with the inverter (4) connects, and only the coil or coils (Sj) permanently or for the duration of
Ladevorgangs mit dem Inverter (4) verbindet, bei denen sich eine hinreichende Resonanz zusammen mit dem Sekundärelement (2) ergibt.Charging process with the inverter (4) connects, in which a sufficient resonance results together with the secondary element (2).
5. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spulen (Sj) der primären Vorrichtung (1,5. Primary-side device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coils (Sj) of the primary device (1,
I1) jeweils Bestandteile von primären Schwingkreisen sind, wobei die primären Schwingkreise ohne eine hinreichende Nähe mindes- tens eines Sekundärelementes (2) elektrisch so verstimmt sind, dass nur ein vernachlässigbarer Strom durch die jeweilige Spule fließt, und dass bei einer genügenden Annäherung mindestens eines Sekundärelementes (2) an eine Spule (Sj) eines primären Schwingkreises dieser Schwingkreis in Resonanz kommt.I 1 ) are each components of primary oscillating circuits, wherein the primary oscillating circuits are electrically detuned without a sufficient proximity of at least one secondary element (2) that only a negligible current flows through the respective coil, and that at a sufficient approximation at least one Secondary element (2) to a coil (Sj) of a primary resonant circuit resonant circuit resonates.
6. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die primärseitigen Spulen (Sj) für sich stark induktiv abgestimmt sind.6. Primary-side device according to claim 5, characterized in that the primary-side coils (Sj) are tuned for themselves highly inductive.
7. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die primärseitigen Spulen (Sj) parallel zuein- ander geschaltet und an einem speisenden Inverter (4) angeschlossen sind.7. Primary-side device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the primary-side coils (Sj) are connected in parallel to one another and connected to a feeding inverter (4).
8. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spulen (Sj) mittels mindestens einem Schaltmittel vom Inverter (4) abkoppelbar sind. 8. Primary-side device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coils (Sj) by means of at least one switching means from the inverter (4) are decoupled.
9. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die primärseitigen Spulen (Sj) nebeneinander, überlappend und oder sich kreuzend zueinander angeordnet sind.9. Primary-side device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary-side coils (Sj) are arranged side by side, overlapping and or crossing each other.
10. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü- che, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die primärseitigen Spulen (Sj) im Boden(Bo), insbesondere der Fahrbahn oder des Garagenbodens, oder in einem flachen Gehäuse (10) angeordnet sind, wobei das Gehäuse (10) insbesondere unterhalb eines Fahrzeugs (F) auf dem Boden (Bo) platzierbar oder befahrbar ist.10. Primary-side device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary-side coils (Sj) in the bottom (Bo), in particular the roadway or the garage floor, or in a flat housing (10) are arranged, wherein the housing ( 10) in particular below a vehicle (F) on the floor (Bo) is placeable or passable.
11. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kondensatoren (Cj) der primärseitigen Schwingkreise mit in dem Gehäuse (10) angeordnet sind.11. Primary-side device according to claim 10, characterized in that the capacitors (Cj) of the primary-side oscillating circuits are arranged in the housing (10).
12. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Inverter (4) mit in dem Gehäuse (10) angeord- net ist.12. Primary-side device according to claim 11, characterized in that the inverter (4) is arranged in the housing (10).
13. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spulen (Sj) in Fahrtrichtung (X) in einer Reihe hintereinander angeordnet sind, wobei die einzelnen Spulen (Sj) längsgestreckt sind und mit ihrer langen Seite quer oder diagonal zur Fahrtrichtung (X) erstrecken.13. Primary-side device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coils (Sj) in the direction of travel (X) are arranged in a row one behind the other, wherein the individual coils (Sj) are elongated and with its long side transverse or diagonal to the direction of travel (X) extend.
14. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einzelnen Spulen (Sj) eine Länge aufweisen, die sich fast oder über die gesamte Breite des Gehäuses (10) oder der Fahrbahn erstrecken.14. Primary-side device according to claim 13, characterized in that the individual coils (Sj) have a length which extend almost or over the entire width of the housing (10) or the roadway.
15. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder primärseitigen Spule (Sj) ein Sensor zur Detektierung eines Sekundärelementes (2) zugeordnet ist. 15. Primary-side device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each primary-side coil (Sj) is associated with a sensor for detecting a secondary element (2).
16. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Inverter (4) die Stromstärke der die einzelnen Spulen (Sj) durchfließenden Ströme ermittelt und anhand der gemessenen Ströme die Schaltmittel ansteuert .16. Primary-side device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inverter (4) determines the current strength of the individual coils (Sj) flowing through currents and controls the switching means based on the measured currents.
17. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü- che, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die primärseitige Vorrichtung17. Primary-side device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary-side device
(1, I1) eine Kommunikationseinrichtung aufweist, die mit einer Kommunikationseinrichtung des Fahrzeugs kommuniziert.(1, I 1 ) has a communication device that communicates with a communication device of the vehicle.
18. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuervorrichtung über die Kommunikationsein- richtung Befehle vom Fahrzeug (F) erhält und die Energieübertragung hin zum Fahrzeug (F) steuert.18. Primary-side device according to claim 17, characterized in that the control device receives commands from the vehicle (F) via the communication device and controls the energy transfer to the vehicle (F).
19. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17 oder 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass über die primärseitige Vorrichtung (1, 1') ein Laden und/oder Entladen der im Fahrzeug (F) befindlichen elektri- sehen Energiespeicher erfolgt.19. The primary-side device according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that via the primary-side device (1, 1 ') is a loading and / or unloading of the vehicle (F) located electrical see energy storage.
20. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zeilen und Spalten in einem Winkel von 35° bis 90°, vorzugsweise 90° zueinander angeordnet sind.20. Primary-side device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rows and columns are arranged at an angle of 35 ° to 90 °, preferably 90 ° to each other.
21. Primärseitige Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die die Spulen speisende Stromquelle(n) oder Spannungsquelle(n) einen Strom bzw. Spannung von 10 bis 100 kHz erzeugt bzw. erzeugen.21. Primary-side device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coil supplying the current source (s) or voltage source (s) generates or generates a current or voltage of 10 to 100 kHz.
22. Energieübertragungssystem zur berührungslosen stationären Über- tragung elektrischer Energie auf ein stehendes Fahrzeug (F) unter22. Energy transfer system for non-contact stationary transfer of electrical energy to a stationary vehicle (F) at
Verwendung einer primärseitigen Vorrichtung (1, I1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche. Use of a primary-side device (1, I 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims.
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