WO2010097259A1 - Light for vehicles, having function monitoring - Google Patents

Light for vehicles, having function monitoring Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010097259A1
WO2010097259A1 PCT/EP2010/050831 EP2010050831W WO2010097259A1 WO 2010097259 A1 WO2010097259 A1 WO 2010097259A1 EP 2010050831 W EP2010050831 W EP 2010050831W WO 2010097259 A1 WO2010097259 A1 WO 2010097259A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
lamp
light sensor
vehicles
light intensity
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/050831
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Anton Ambroz
Original Assignee
Siemens Ag Österreich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Ag Österreich filed Critical Siemens Ag Österreich
Publication of WO2010097259A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010097259A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or vehicle train for signalling purposes ; On-board control or communication systems
    • B61L15/02—Head or tail indicators, e.g. light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q11/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices for devices provided for in groups B60Q1/00 - B60Q9/00
    • B60Q11/005—Arrangement of monitoring devices for devices provided for in groups B60Q1/00 - B60Q9/00 for lighting devices, e.g. indicating if lamps are burning or not

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a luminaire with function monitoring for vehicles, in particular for rail vehicles.
  • Taillights is required for safe rail operation.
  • the regulations UIC 532 and UIC 534 and DIN 6163 which are relevant for international railway traffic, determine the arrangement of the tail lamps, the light color, the light exit angle and the required light intensity.
  • the function is checked either by means of a visual inspection by the railway personnel or by means of technical equipment.
  • a frequently used method determines the operating state of a light source (operation, short circuit, interruption) by measuring the lamp current (eg in DE 296 12 300).
  • DE 199 29 430 B4 a method is described which describes the function control of luminaires with LED light sources (light emitting diodes), by means of which an error signal is output as soon as a defined percentage of LEDs of a luminaire has failed.
  • LED light sources light emitting diodes
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a luminaire for rail vehicles with functional monitoring, which continuously measures the light intensity emitted by it and emits an error signal when it drops below a predefinable minimum luminous intensity.
  • a luminaire is equipped with at least one light sensor, which continuously determines the luminous intensity of the luminaire and triggers an alarm signal when the luminous intensity falls below a predetermined level.
  • the advantage can be achieved to be able to use the effective light intensity of a lamp as a measure of the functionality of this lamp.
  • the determination of the functionality by means of indirect measured variables eg current levels of the lamps
  • This is particularly disadvantageous, since by means of these indirect measured variables no statements about the effective light intensity of a lamp can be taken.
  • the aging of bulbs can not be detected by the methods according to the prior art.
  • the present invention offers the particular advantage that the effective light intensity of a lamp is used as a criterion for assessing the functionality. As a result, a much safer assessment of the functionality is given as in the method according to the prior art.
  • At least one light sensor for example a solar cell or a photosensitive resistor or otherwise any optoelectronic component
  • at least one light sensor for example a solar cell or a photosensitive resistor or otherwise any optoelectronic component
  • a particular embodiment of the invention provides to arrange the light sensor within a reflector housing.
  • a further preferred embodiment provides for the arrangement of the light sensor outside the reflector housing, with the advantage that it is also possible to take into account a (aging-related) haze of a lens covering the reflector housing when measuring the light intensity.
  • a diagnostic device receives the output from the light sensor, the light intensity of the lamp proportional electrical signal and compares this light intensity with a predetermined minimum light intensity and outputs an error signal when the measured light intensity is less than the minimum light intensity.
  • the design of the diagnostic device is to be based on the respective purpose and the respective vehicle.
  • a digital transmission of information from the diagnostic device to the vehicle electronics is possible, wherein either the digitally coded value of the measured light intensity or (simplified) a good / bad signal is transmitted.
  • analogue information transmission by means of an analog signal is also possible, whereby a voltage or current signal proportional to the value of the measured light intensity (for example a 4 to 20 mA current loop) is transmitted to the vehicle electronics.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention relates to lights with LED bulbs. Such lights are often constructed by means of an array and individual LEDs, which are soldered to a printed circuit. It is recommended to insert one or more light sensors into this array of LEDs and to solder these light sensors together with the LED in one work step. As a result, the advantage can be achieved to be able to produce a lamp with function monitoring very simple and inexpensive, since in this embodiment, the separate assembly and electrical contacting of the light sensors can be omitted. Depending on the required number of LEDs for the purpose of the type and number of light sensors is set.
  • the present invention is not limited to use in rail vehicles. This principle of a lamp with function monitoring is applicable for all (in particular safety-critical) lighting or display applications.
  • Another application of this invention may advantageously be for permanently mounted safety-criticalfacts lactates. Display applications occur, for example, in the monitoring of anti-collision lights on tall buildings.
  • Fig.l shows an example and schematically a lamp for rail vehicles with function monitoring.
  • a luminaire 100 comprises a reflector housing 200, a diffusing screen 400 and a luminous means 300.
  • the luminous means 300 may be embodied, for example, in the form of an incandescent lamp or one or more light-emitting diodes. The operating principle of the luminous means 300 is irrelevant to the subject invention.
  • the luminaire 100 comprises a diagnostic device 500 and a light sensor 600 connected to it.
  • the light sensor 600 is arranged within the reflector housing 200 in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the arrangement of the light sensor 600 is irrelevant to the subject invention, it is for example possible to arrange the light sensor outside the reflector housing 200.
  • required for the operation of the lamp 100 components in particular a power supply are not shown in Fig.l for simplicity.
  • the light sensor 600 determines the light intensity emitted by the illuminant 300 and transmits it to the diagnostic device 500. If the light intensity determined by the light sensor 600 falls below a predeterminable minimum value, then the diagnostic device 500 emits an error signal 700 to the interface of the rail vehicle (not shown).

Abstract

The invention relates to a light (100) for rail vehicles, having function monitoring that determines the effectively output luminous intensity of a lighting means (300) and, if said effectively output luminous intensity falls below a specifiable minimum luminous intensity of said lighting means (300), outputs an error signal (700).

Description

Beschreibung description
Leuchte für Fahrzeuge mit Funktionsüberwachung.Luminaire for vehicles with function monitoring.
Technisches GebietTechnical area
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Leuchte mit Funktionsüberwachung für Fahrzeuge, insbesondere für Schienenfahrzeuge.The invention relates to a luminaire with function monitoring for vehicles, in particular for rail vehicles.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Überwachung der Funktion von Leuchten an Schienenfahrzeugen, insbesondere der sogenanntenThe monitoring of the function of lights on rail vehicles, especially the so-called
Zugschlußleuchten, ist für einen sicheren Bahnbetrieb erforderlich. Die für den internationalen Eisenbahnverkehr maßgeblichen Vorschriften UIC 532 und UIC 534 bzw. DIN 6163 legen die Anordnung der Zugschlußleuchten, die Lichtfarbe, den Lichtaustrittswinkel sowie die erforderliche Lichtstärke fest .Taillights, is required for safe rail operation. The regulations UIC 532 and UIC 534 and DIN 6163, which are relevant for international railway traffic, determine the arrangement of the tail lamps, the light color, the light exit angle and the required light intensity.
Die Überprüfung der Funktion erfolgt entweder mittels Augenscheins durch das Bahnpersonal oder mittels technischer Einrichtungen . Zur automatischen Funktionskontrolle von Leuchten mittels technischer Einrichtungen sind mehrere Verfahren bekannt. Ein häufig eingesetztes Verfahren bestimmt den Betriebszustand eines Leuchtmittels (Betrieb, Kurzschluß, Unterbrechung) mittels Messung des Lampenstromes (z.B. in DE 296 12 300) . In DE 199 29 430 B4 ist ein Verfahren beschrieben, welches die Funktionskontrolle von Leuchten mit LED Leuchtmitteln (Lichtemittierende Dioden) beschreibt, mittels welchem ein Fehlersignal ausgegeben wird sobald ein festgelegter Prozentsatz an LEDs einer Leuchte ausgefallen ist. Keines der bekannten Verfahren bietet allerdings die Überwachung der ursprünglichen Funktion der Leuchte, dem Abgeben einer bestimmten Lichtstärke, sondern alle Verfahren schließen aus gemessenen elektrischen Parametern auf die Lichtstärke der Leuchte.The function is checked either by means of a visual inspection by the railway personnel or by means of technical equipment. For automatic function control of luminaires by means of technical facilities, several methods are known. A frequently used method determines the operating state of a light source (operation, short circuit, interruption) by measuring the lamp current (eg in DE 296 12 300). In DE 199 29 430 B4 a method is described which describes the function control of luminaires with LED light sources (light emitting diodes), by means of which an error signal is output as soon as a defined percentage of LEDs of a luminaire has failed. However, none of the known methods offers the monitoring of the original function of the luminaire, the output of a specific light intensity, but all procedures infer from measured electrical parameters on the luminous intensity of the luminaire.
Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Leuchte für Schienenfahrzeuge mit Funktionsüberwachung anzugeben, welche kontinuierlich die von ihr abgegebene Lichtstärke misst und bei Unterschreiten einer vorgebbaren Mindestlichtstärke ein Fehlersignal abgibt.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a luminaire for rail vehicles with functional monitoring, which continuously measures the light intensity emitted by it and emits an error signal when it drops below a predefinable minimum luminous intensity.
Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Leuchte mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand untergeordneter Ansprüche.The object is achieved by a luminaire with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the subordinate claims.
Dem Grundgedanken der Erfindung nach wird eine Leuchte mit mindestens einem Lichtsensor ausgestattet, welcher kontinuierlich die Lichtstärke der Leuchte ermittelt und bei Unterschreiten einer vorgebbaren Lichtstärke ein Alarmierungssignal auslöst.According to the basic idea of the invention, a luminaire is equipped with at least one light sensor, which continuously determines the luminous intensity of the luminaire and triggers an alarm signal when the luminous intensity falls below a predetermined level.
Damit ist der Vorteil erzielbar, die effektive Lichtstärke einer Leuchte als Maß für die Funktionsfähigkeit dieser Leuchte heranziehen zu können. Dabei entfällt die Bestimmung der Funktionsfähigkeit mittels indirekter Meßgrößen (z.B. Stromstärken der Leuchtmittel) . Dies ist besonders nachteilig, da mittels dieser indirekten Meßgrößen keine Aussagen über die effektive Lichtstärke einer Leuchte getroffen werden können. Insbesondere die Alterung von Leuchtmitteln kann mit den Verfahren gemäß dem Stand der Technik nicht erkannt werden.Thus, the advantage can be achieved to be able to use the effective light intensity of a lamp as a measure of the functionality of this lamp. In this case, the determination of the functionality by means of indirect measured variables (eg current levels of the lamps) is omitted. This is particularly disadvantageous, since by means of these indirect measured variables no statements about the effective light intensity of a lamp can be taken. In particular, the aging of bulbs can not be detected by the methods according to the prior art.
Gegenständliche Erfindung bietet den besonderen Vorteil, dass die effektive Lichtstärke eine Leuchte als Kriterium zur Beurteilung der Funktionsfähigkeit herangezogen wird. Dadurch ist eine wesentlich sicherere Beurteilung der Funktionsfähigkeit gegeben als bei den Verfahren gemäß dem Stand der Technik.The present invention offers the particular advantage that the effective light intensity of a lamp is used as a criterion for assessing the functionality. As a result, a much safer assessment of the functionality is given as in the method according to the prior art.
Insbesondere das Einbeziehen von Alterungseffekten von Leuchtmitteln und Streuscheiben in die Beurteilung der Funktionsfähigkeit lässt einen sichereren Betrieb von Leuchten (beispielsweise Zugschlußleuchten) zu.In particular, the inclusion of aging effects of bulbs and diffusers in the assessment of functionality allows a safer operation of lights (for example, tail lights).
Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen mindestens einen Lichtsensor (beispielsweise eine Solarzelle oder einen lichtempfindlichen Widerstand oder sonst ein beliebiges optoelektronisches Bauelement) innerhalb des Lampengehäuses vorzusehen und das Ausgangssignal dieses Lichtsensors als Eingangssignal einer Diagnoseeinrichtung vorzusehen.According to the invention, it is provided to provide at least one light sensor (for example a solar cell or a photosensitive resistor or otherwise any optoelectronic component) within the lamp housing and to provide the output signal of this light sensor as the input signal of a diagnostic device.
Eine besondere Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, den Lichtsensor innerhalb eines Reflektorgehäuses anzuordnen. Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform sieht die Anordnung des Lichtsensors außerhalb des Reflektorgehäuses vor, wobei sich der Vorteil einstellt, auch eine (alterungsbedingte) Trübung einer das Reflektorgehäuse abschließenden Streuscheibe bei der Messung der Lichtstärke berücksichtigen zu können.A particular embodiment of the invention provides to arrange the light sensor within a reflector housing. A further preferred embodiment provides for the arrangement of the light sensor outside the reflector housing, with the advantage that it is also possible to take into account a (aging-related) haze of a lens covering the reflector housing when measuring the light intensity.
Eine Diagnoseeinrichtung empfängt das vom Lichtsensor abgegebene, der Lichtstärke der Leuchte proportionales elektrisches Signal und vergleicht diese Lichtstärke mit einer vorgebbaren Mindestlichtstärke und gibt ein Fehlersignal aus, wenn die gemessene Lichtstärke kleiner als die Mindestlichtstärke ist. Die Ausführung der Diagnoseeinrichtung ist auf den jeweiligen Einsatzzweck und das jeweilige Fahrzeug anzustimmen.A diagnostic device receives the output from the light sensor, the light intensity of the lamp proportional electrical signal and compares this light intensity with a predetermined minimum light intensity and outputs an error signal when the measured light intensity is less than the minimum light intensity. The design of the diagnostic device is to be based on the respective purpose and the respective vehicle.
Dabei ist einerseits eine digitale Informationsübermittlung von der Diagnoseeinrichtung an die Fahrzeugelektronik möglich, wobei entweder der digital codierte Wert der gemessenen Lichtstärke oder (vereinfacht) ein Gut/Schlecht- Signal übermittelt wird. Andererseits ist auch eine analoge Informationsübermittlung mittels eines analogen Signals möglich, wobei ein dem Wert der gemessenen Lichtstärke proportionales Spannungs- oder Stromsignal (z.B. eine 4 bis 2OmA Stromschleife) an die Fahrzeugelektronik übermittelt wird.On the one hand, a digital transmission of information from the diagnostic device to the vehicle electronics is possible, wherein either the digitally coded value of the measured light intensity or (simplified) a good / bad signal is transmitted. On the other hand, analogue information transmission by means of an analog signal is also possible, whereby a voltage or current signal proportional to the value of the measured light intensity (for example a 4 to 20 mA current loop) is transmitted to the vehicle electronics.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung betrifft Leuchten mit LED Leuchtmitteln. Solche Leuchten werden häufig mittels eines Arrays auch einzelnen LED aufgebaut, welche an einer gedruckten Schaltung festgelötet sind. Es empfiehlt sich, einen oder mehrere Lichtsensoren in dieses Array aus LED einzufügen und diese Lichtsensoren gemeinsam mit den LED in einem Arbeitsschritt festzulöten. Dadurch ist der Vorteil erzielbar, eine Leuchte mit Funktionsüberwachung sehr einfach und preisgünstig herstellen zu können, da in dieser Ausführungsform die getrennte Montage und elektrische Kontaktierung der Lichtsensoren entfallen kann. Je nach für den Einsatzzweck erforderlicher Anzahl an LED ist die Art und Anzahl an Lichtsensoren festzulegen.A preferred embodiment of the invention relates to lights with LED bulbs. Such lights are often constructed by means of an array and individual LEDs, which are soldered to a printed circuit. It is recommended to insert one or more light sensors into this array of LEDs and to solder these light sensors together with the LED in one work step. As a result, the advantage can be achieved to be able to produce a lamp with function monitoring very simple and inexpensive, since in this embodiment, the separate assembly and electrical contacting of the light sensors can be omitted. Depending on the required number of LEDs for the purpose of the type and number of light sensors is set.
Gegenständliche Erfindung ist nicht auf den Einsatz in Schienenfahrzeugen beschränkt. Dieses Prinzip einer Leuchte mit Funktionsüberwachung ist für alle (insbesondere sicherheitskritische) Beleuchtungs- bzw. Anzeigeanwendungen anwendbar .The present invention is not limited to use in rail vehicles. This principle of a lamp with function monitoring is applicable for all (in particular safety-critical) lighting or display applications.
Eine weitere Anwendung dieser Erfindung kann vorteilhafter weise für festmontierte sicherheitskritische Beleuchtungsbzw. Anzeigeanwendungen erfolgen, beispielsweise bei der Überwachung von Antikollisionsbefeuerungen auf hohen Gebäuden .Another application of this invention may advantageously be for permanently mounted safety-critical Beleuchtungsbzw. Display applications occur, for example, in the monitoring of anti-collision lights on tall buildings.
Kurzbeschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Es zeigen beispielhaft:They show by way of example:
Fig.l Leuchte für Schienenfahrzeuge mit Funktionsüberwachung,Fig.l lamp for rail vehicles with function monitoring,
Ausführung der ErfindungEmbodiment of the invention
Fig.l zeigt beispielhaft und schematisch eine Leuchte für Schienenfahrzeuge mit Funktionsüberwachung. Eine Leuchte 100 umfasst ein Reflektorgehäuse 200, eine Streuscheibe 400 und ein Leuchtmittel 300. Das Leuchtmittel 300 kann beispielsweise in Form einer Glühlampe oder einer oder mehreren lichtemittierenden Diode ausgeführt sein. Das Funktionsprinzip des Leuchtmittels 300 ist für gegenständliche Erfindung unerheblich. Weiters umfasst die Leuchte 100 eine Diagnoseeinrichtung 500 und einen an sie angeschlossenen Lichtsensor 600. Der Lichtsensor 600 ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel innerhalb des Reflektorgehäuses 200 angeordnet. Die Anordnung des Lichtsensors 600 ist für die gegenständliche Erfindung unerheblich, es ist beispielsweise möglich den Lichtsensor außerhalb des Reflektorgehäuses 200 anzuordnen. Jedenfalls ist konstruktiv sicherzustellen, dass der von dem Leuchtmittel 300 abgegebene Lichtstrom den Lichtsensor 600 erreicht. Weitere, für den Betrieb der Leuchte 100 erforderliche Bauelemente, insbesondere eine Energieversorgung sind in Fig.l zur Vereinfachung nicht dargestellt.Fig.l shows an example and schematically a lamp for rail vehicles with function monitoring. A luminaire 100 comprises a reflector housing 200, a diffusing screen 400 and a luminous means 300. The luminous means 300 may be embodied, for example, in the form of an incandescent lamp or one or more light-emitting diodes. The operating principle of the luminous means 300 is irrelevant to the subject invention. Furthermore, the luminaire 100 comprises a diagnostic device 500 and a light sensor 600 connected to it. The light sensor 600 is arranged within the reflector housing 200 in this exemplary embodiment. The arrangement of the light sensor 600 is irrelevant to the subject invention, it is for example possible to arrange the light sensor outside the reflector housing 200. Anyway, it's constructive to ensure that the luminous flux emitted by the luminous means 300 reaches the light sensor 600. Further, required for the operation of the lamp 100 components, in particular a power supply are not shown in Fig.l for simplicity.
Der Lichtsensor 600 bestimmt die vom Leuchtmittel 300 ausgesandte Lichtstärke und übermittelt diese an die Diagnoseeinrichtung 500. Unterschreitet die vom Lichtsensor 600 bestimmte Lichtstärke einen vorgebbaren Mindestwert, so gibt die Diagnoseeinrichtung 500 ein Fehlersignal 700 an die (nicht dargestellte) entsprechende Schnittstelle des Schienenfahrzeugs ab. The light sensor 600 determines the light intensity emitted by the illuminant 300 and transmits it to the diagnostic device 500. If the light intensity determined by the light sensor 600 falls below a predeterminable minimum value, then the diagnostic device 500 emits an error signal 700 to the interface of the rail vehicle (not shown).
Liste der BezeichnungenList of terms
100 Leuchte 200 Reflektorgehäuse100 luminaire 200 reflector housing
300 Leuchtmittel300 bulbs
400 Streuscheibe400 diffuser
500 Diagnoseeinrichtung500 diagnostic device
600 Lichtsensor 700 Fehlersignal 600 light sensor 700 error signal

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Leuchte (100) für Schienenfahrzeuge mit Funktionsüberwachung, umfassend ein Reflektorgehäuse (200), eine Streuscheibe (400), mindestens ein Leuchtmittel (300), mindestens einem im Strahlengang angeordneten Lichtsensor (600) und eine1. Lamp (100) for rail vehicles with functional monitoring, comprising a reflector housing (200), a diffusing screen (400), at least one light source (300), at least one light sensor arranged in the beam path (600) and a
Diagnoseeinrichtung (500), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Unterschreiten einer vorgebbaren Mindestlichtstärke des mindestens einen Leuchtmittels (300) die Diagnoseeinrichtung (500) ein Fehlersignal (700) ausgibt .Diagnostic device (500), characterized in that falls below a predetermined minimum light intensity of the at least one light source (300), the diagnostic device (500) outputs an error signal (700).
2. Leuchte (100) gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lichtsensor (600) innerhalb des Reflektorgehäuses (200) angeordnet ist.2. Lamp (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the light sensor (600) within the reflector housing (200) is arranged.
3. Leuchte (100) gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lichtsensor (600) außerhalb des Reflektorgehäuses (200) angeordnet ist.3. Lamp (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the light sensor (600) outside the reflector housing (200) is arranged.
4. Leuchte (100) gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lichtsensor (600) in die Streuscheibe (400) integriert ist.4. Lamp (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the light sensor (600) in the lens (400) is integrated.
5. Leuchte (100) gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leuchte (100) als Zugschlußleuchte für Schienenfahrzeuge ausgebildet ist. 5. Lamp (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the lamp (100) is designed as a tail light for rail vehicles.
PCT/EP2010/050831 2009-02-25 2010-01-26 Light for vehicles, having function monitoring WO2010097259A1 (en)

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AT3162009 2009-02-25

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DE102011001549B4 (en) * 2011-01-13 2020-12-10 Schaltbau Refurbishment Gmbh Arrangement and method for controlling and monitoring the exterior lighting of rail vehicles
CN105172677B (en) * 2015-08-14 2017-09-12 北京汽车股份有限公司 Lamp system and automobile
AT518010B1 (en) * 2015-10-23 2017-10-15 Zkw Group Gmbh Monitoring device for monitoring the operating state of a laser vehicle headlight and vehicle headlights
DE102016207759A1 (en) * 2016-05-04 2017-11-09 Osram Gmbh Detecting damage to a converter device

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US4654629A (en) * 1985-07-02 1987-03-31 Pulse Electronics, Inc. Vehicle marker light
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AT11405U1 (en) 2010-10-15

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