WO2010094172A1

WO2010094172A1 - An electrical vehicle with a generator

Info

Publication number: WO2010094172A1
Application number: PCT/CN2009/070456
Authority: WO
Inventors: 戴斯德
Original assignee: Dai Side
Priority date: 2009-02-18
Filing date: 2009-02-18
Publication date: 2010-08-26

Abstract

An electrical vehicle with a generator includes a vehicle body, a motor (1), a motor controller, a battery (2), and a generator (3). The generator (3) operates to charge the battery (2) so as to provide power supply to the motor (1) by the motor controller and to drive wheels on the vehicle body. The electrical vehicle also includes a control system which includes a battery voltage detecting module (47) which detects the battery voltage and sends it to a CPU (41); a comparing module (42) which compares the battery voltage received from the CPU (41) and the preset maximum, minimum voltage values, and outputs a compared result; a battery output current detecting module (43) which detects the battery output current and sends it to the CPU (41); a generator output voltage detecting module (44) which detects the generator output voltage and sends it to the CPU (41); and the CPU (41) which receives data described above, performs analysis, and controls the operation and the output state of the generator (3).

Description

说明书带发电机的电动车 Manual electric vehicle with generator

#細或 #细 or

[1] 本发明涉及一种电动车，特别涉及一种具有充足动力而行驶的电动车。 [1] The present invention relates to an electric vehicle, and more particularly to an electric vehicle that travels with sufficient power.

[2] 汽车在给人们带来出行便利的同吋，也对环境造成了严重的破坏，由于汽车排放所造成的空气污染已成为城市空气污染的主要原因，由此而引起的一系列环境问题已引起各国科学家的高度关注，因此寻找新的动力源的汽车已成为各汽车厂商可持续发展的重点，而电动车作为一种无排放汽车首先得到了认可，如广泛使用的电动自行车、电动摩托等，特别是在一些对环境清洁度要求比较高的场合，如旅游景区、高尔夫球场等地承载乘客所使用的观光车、高尔夫车等，均是使用以纯电池为动力的电动车。 [2] Cars have brought serious damage to the environment while bringing convenience to people. The air pollution caused by automobile emissions has become the main cause of urban air pollution, resulting in a series of environmental problems. It has attracted the attention of scientists from all over the world. Therefore, the search for new power sources has become the focus of sustainable development of various auto manufacturers. Electric vehicles have been recognized as a non-emission vehicle, such as electric bicycles and electric motorcycles that are widely used. In particular, in some occasions where the environmental cleanliness requirements are relatively high, such as tourist attractions, golf carts, etc. used in tourist attractions, golf courses, etc., all use pure battery-powered electric vehicles.

[3] 然而，目前的电动车在使用吋，大都是由一可充放电的电池提供电能，从而带动电机运转，驱动车轮的转动，由于电动车的体积所限，所携带的电池也不会太大，其存储的电量有限，因而经常需要充电，特别是乘车至途中，若电量耗尽，则只能利用人推（拉），极为不便，即使电池组中剩余有少许电量，也会降低车辆的运行速度，降低行车效率，且会影响电池的使用效果，缩短其使用寿命，因而，目前电动车并不能得到广泛的应用。 [3] However, the current electric vehicles are mostly powered by a rechargeable battery, which drives the motor to drive the wheels. Because of the size of the electric car, the battery will not be carried. Too large, it has limited storage capacity, so it often needs to be charged, especially when it is on the way. If the battery is exhausted, it can only be used by people (pull), which is extremely inconvenient, even if there is a little charge remaining in the battery pack. It reduces the running speed of the vehicle, reduces the driving efficiency, and affects the use of the battery and shortens its service life. Therefore, electric vehicles are not widely used at present.

[4] 参考图 1所示，是中国新型申请号 200820031720.4，名为'电动车备用的小型直流发电机组'的专利案，该小型直流发电机组包括内燃机 10、直流发电机 40、供电开关 70和电动车动力电池组 60，内燃机 10通过联接轴 20连接直流发电机 40，直流发电机 40的正极接线柱 30经供电开关 70连接电动车动力电池组 60的正极，而负极接线柱 50连接电动车动力电池组 60的负极；当电动车动力电池组 60的电量耗尽或不足吋，启动内燃机 10，由内燃机 10通过联接轴 20传动而带动直流发电机 40同步转速，直流发电机 40开始发电，并闭合供电开关 70，对电动车动力电池组 60充电，带动电机运转，保证电动车的继续行驶。 [4] Referring to FIG. 1 , it is a patent application of the Chinese new application No. 200820031720.4, entitled "Small DC generator set for electric vehicle standby", the small DC generator set includes an internal combustion engine 10, a direct current generator 40, a power supply switch 70 and The electric vehicle power battery pack 60, the internal combustion engine 10 is connected to the DC generator 40 through the coupling shaft 20, the positive terminal 30 of the DC generator 40 is connected to the positive pole of the electric vehicle power battery pack 60 via the power supply switch 70, and the negative terminal 50 is connected to the electric vehicle. The negative pole of the power battery pack 60; when the electric power of the electric vehicle power battery pack 60 is exhausted or insufficient, the internal combustion engine 10 is started, and the internal combustion engine 10 is driven by the coupling shaft 20 to drive the synchronous speed of the direct current generator 40, and the direct current generator 40 starts generating electricity. The power switch 70 is closed to charge the electric vehicle battery pack 60, and the motor is driven to ensure that the electric vehicle continues to travel.

[5] 然而，前述结构在使用吋，当闭合供电开关 70后，直流发电机 40即源源不断地产生电量充入电动车动力电池组 60，由于直流发电机 40产生的电压和电流不稳定，提供给电池组 60后，再进入电机，造成电机两端电压不稳，工作不稳定，缩短电机的使用寿命，而且由于电池组 60的内阻较小，直流发电机 40的输出直接供给电池组 60，还会造成电池组 60损坏。 [5] However, the aforementioned structure is in use, when the power switch 70 is closed, the DC generator 40 is continuously The generated electric quantity is charged into the electric vehicle power battery pack 60. Since the voltage and current generated by the direct current generator 40 are unstable, after being supplied to the battery pack 60, the motor is again entered, causing the voltage across the motor to be unstable, the operation is unstable, and the motor is shortened. The service life, and because the internal resistance of the battery pack 60 is small, the output of the direct current generator 40 is directly supplied to the battery pack 60, which also causes damage to the battery pack 60.

[6] 鉴于上述分析，本设计人针对目前的电动车自带发电机***进行研究改进，本案由此产生。 [6] In view of the above analysis, the designer has made research and improvement on the current electric vehicle self-contained generator system, and the case arises.

[7] 本发明的主要目的，在于提供一种带发电机的电动车，其既可保证并增加电动车在户外的持续正常行驶，还不会对电机控制器及电池造成不良影响，并能在一定程度上对车辆电池做一定程度的维护。 [7] The main object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle with a generator, which can ensure and increase the continuous normal running of the electric vehicle outdoors, and does not adversely affect the motor controller and the battery, and can To some extent, the vehicle battery is maintained to a certain extent.

[8] 为了达成上述目的，本发明的解决方案是： [8] In order to achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention is:

[9] 一种带发电机的电动车，包括车体、电机、电机控制器、电池和发电机，发电机运转为电池充电，通过电机控制器为电机运行提供电源，带动车体上的车轮转动，使车体前行；还包括一控制***，其包括检测电池电压值并送入 CPU的电池电压检测模块、将 CPU送入的电池电压值与预设最大、最小电压值进行比较并输出比较结果的比较模块、检测电池的输出电流值并送入 CPU的电池输出电流检测模块、检测发电机的输出电压值并送入 CPU的发电机输出电压检测模块及接收前述数据并进行分析控制发电机工作及输出状态的 CPU。 [9] An electric vehicle with a generator, including a vehicle body, a motor, a motor controller, a battery and a generator, the generator operates to charge the battery, and the motor controller supplies power to the motor to drive the wheel on the vehicle body. Rotating to advance the vehicle body; further comprising a control system comprising: a battery voltage detecting module for detecting a battery voltage value and feeding the CPU, comparing a battery voltage value sent by the CPU with a preset maximum and minimum voltage value, and outputting Comparing the result comparison module, detecting the output current value of the battery and sending it to the battery output current detecting module of the CPU, detecting the output voltage value of the generator, and sending it to the generator output voltage detecting module of the CPU and receiving the aforementioned data and performing analysis and control to generate electricity CPU for machine operation and output status.

[10] 釆用上述方案后，本发明通过设置一控制***，控制发电机的工作及其输出状态， CPU根据各模块的检测结果作出相应判断，并控制发电机启动相应的工作（输出）模式，当电池电量不足且车辆不处于行驶状态吋，釆用标准充电程序对电池进行基本的维护，应急补充电，而若车辆处于行驶状态吋，则实吋根据电池的电量及输出电流来调整发电机的输出电流及输出电压，使得电机因电池获得电量而继续运转，并且由于发电机是工作在一个安全可控的状态下，不会对电机、电池及电机控制器造成不良影响而缩短其使用寿命。 [10] After using the above scheme, the present invention controls the operation of the generator and its output state by setting a control system, and the CPU makes a corresponding judgment according to the detection result of each module, and controls the generator to start the corresponding work (output) mode. When the battery is low and the vehicle is not in the driving state, the battery is basically maintained by the standard charging procedure, and the emergency is recharged. If the vehicle is in the driving state, the power is adjusted according to the battery's power and output current. The output current and output voltage of the machine make the motor continue to run due to the battery charge, and because the generator is working in a safe and controllable state, it will not adversely affect the motor, battery and motor controller and shorten its use. life.

國删 Country deletion

[11] 图 1是一种配合电动车的现有直流发电机组的结构示意图； [11] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an existing DC generator set in combination with an electric vehicle;

[12] 图 2是本发明的结构示意图； [13] 图 3是本发明的结构框图； Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention; Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the structure of the present invention;

[14] 图 4是本发明工作吋的流程图。 Figure 4 is a flow chart of the operation of the present invention.

難 difficult

[15] 以下结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作详细说明。 [15] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[16] 参考图 2和图 3所示，是本发明一种带发电机的电动车的结构示意图，其包括车体（图中未示）、电机 1、电池 2和发电机 3，车体上安装有车轮，可在车轮的转动下，带动车体向前行驶；当电池 2中电量不足吋，发电机 3开始工作，为电池 2 充电，再由电池 2为电机 1提供工作电源，带动车轮转动，保持电动车继续行驶，在本实施例中，发电机 3釆用普通的燃油发电机组，由于其产生的是交流电压，因而需先经过一整流电路后不经控制直接进入电池 2; 前述均为公知技术，不再赞述。 [16] Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, it is a schematic structural view of an electric vehicle with a generator according to the present invention, which comprises a vehicle body (not shown), a motor 1, a battery 2 and a generator 3, and a vehicle body. The wheel is mounted on the wheel to drive the car forward; when the battery 2 is low, the generator 3 starts to work, the battery 2 is charged, and the battery 2 supplies the working power to the motor 1. The wheel rotates to keep the electric vehicle running. In this embodiment, the generator 3 uses an ordinary fuel generator set. Since it generates an alternating voltage, it needs to pass through a rectifier circuit and directly enter the battery 2 without control; The foregoing are all well-known techniques and are not mentioned.

[17] 本发明的改进点在于：还包括有一控制*** （如图 3中虚线框中所示），发电机 3除了可以手动启动外，还可在该控制***的控制下自动进行运作，根据实际情况以不同的工作模式为电池 2应急充电、维护或者向电机 1提供动力，该控制 ***包括 CPU41、比较（信号釆集处理）模块 42、电池输出电流检测模块 43、发电机输出电压检测模块 44及电池电压检测模块 47。 [17] The improvement of the present invention is that: a control system is further included (as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 3), and the generator 3 can be automatically operated under the control of the control system, in addition to being manually activated, according to The actual situation is to charge, maintain or power the battery 2 in different working modes. The control system includes a CPU 41, a comparison (signal collection processing) module 42, a battery output current detecting module 43, and a generator output voltage detecting module. 44 and battery voltage detection module 47.

[18] 电池电压检测模块 47连接在电池 2的两端，用于检测电池 2的实吋电压，由于电池 2的实际剩余电量并不易直接测得，因而釆用测量其实吋电压值（或输出电流 ) 的方式监控其剩余电量；电池电压检测模块 47并将测得的电池 2的输出电压送入 CPU41。 [18] The battery voltage detecting module 47 is connected at both ends of the battery 2, and is used for detecting the actual voltage of the battery 2. Since the actual remaining power of the battery 2 is not easily measured directly, the voltage value (or output) is measured. The current is monitored in the manner of the current; the battery voltage detecting module 47 sends the measured output voltage of the battery 2 to the CPU 41.

[19] 比较模块 42中存储有两个预设值，一个是最小电压值，即当电池 2的输出电压值小于该最小电压值吋，电池 2需进行充电；另外一个是最大电压值，也即电池 2的输出电压值到达该最大电压值吋，表示此吋电池 2中电量已满或不需补充电量； CPU41通过将来自电池电压检测模块 47的输出电压值送入比较模块 42，并控制其选择一个预设值进行比较，再将比较结果送入 CPU41。 [19] The comparison module 42 stores two preset values, one is a minimum voltage value, that is, when the output voltage value of the battery 2 is less than the minimum voltage value, the battery 2 needs to be charged; the other is the maximum voltage value, That is, the output voltage value of the battery 2 reaches the maximum voltage value 吋, indicating that the battery in the battery 2 is full or does not need to be replenished; the CPU 41 sends the output voltage value from the battery voltage detecting module 47 to the comparison module 42 and controls It selects a preset value for comparison, and then sends the comparison result to the CPU 41.

[20] 电池输出电流检测模块 43用于检测电池 2的输出电流值，具体可参考图 2所示，其是釆用分流器 F1及直流电流表（图中未示，可以根据需要不安装）；所测得的输出电流值也送入 CPU41中。 [21] 发电机输出电压检测模块 44用于检测发电机 3两端的输出电压，并将电压值送入 CPU41中。 [20] The battery output current detecting module 43 is configured to detect the output current value of the battery 2, as specifically shown in FIG. 2, which is a shunt F1 and a DC current meter (not shown in the figure, which may not be installed as needed); The measured output current value is also sent to the CPU 41. [21] The generator output voltage detecting module 44 is for detecting the output voltage across the generator 3 and feeding the voltage value into the CPU 41.

[22] CPU41是控制***的核心部件，起到分析数据并控制各模块工作的作用，具体而言，根据比较模块 42的比较结果（根据电池 2的电压值是否小于预设最小电压值来判断电池 2是否需要充电，维护而去启动发电机 3，根据前述电压值是否到达预设最大电压值来判断电池 2中电量是否已满：停止发电机 3) 、电池输出电流检测模块 43的输出电流值（根据该电流值是否为 0来判断此吋电动车是否处于行驶状态：若电流值不为 0，则处于行驶状态，并根据实际的需要调整发电机 3 的输出；反之亦然）及发电机输出电压检测模块 44的输出电压值（根据该电压值是否为 0来判断此吋发电机 3是否在工作：若不为 0，则发电机 3在工作，反之亦然）对发电机 3的输出电压及输出电流进行调节控制，对电池 2进行充电或维护，此处有两种充电模式：一种是按照标准充电程序，即以发电机 3的最大输出电压与最大输出电流经过 CPU41控制为电池 2充电、维护；另外一种是辅助动力程序，即在车辆行驶且电池 2的电量不足吋，根据电池 2的实吋电压及输出电流值， CPU41利用 PWM技术随吋调整发电机 3的输出电压与输出电流，保证电池 2 的安全并同吋对电机 1的稳定供电。 [22] The CPU 41 is the core component of the control system, and functions to analyze the data and control the operation of each module. Specifically, according to the comparison result of the comparison module 42 (based on whether the voltage value of the battery 2 is less than the preset minimum voltage value) Whether the battery 2 needs to be charged, and the generator 3 is started to maintain, according to whether the aforementioned voltage value reaches the preset maximum voltage value to determine whether the battery 2 is full: the generator 3), the output current of the battery output current detecting module 43 Value (determine whether the electric vehicle is in running state according to whether the current value is 0: if the current value is not 0, it is in the running state, and adjust the output of the generator 3 according to actual needs; vice versa) and generate electricity The output voltage value of the machine output voltage detecting module 44 (determining whether the neon generator 3 is working according to whether the voltage value is 0: if not 0, the generator 3 is working, and vice versa) for the generator 3 The output voltage and output current are adjusted and controlled to charge or maintain the battery 2. There are two charging modes: According to the standard charging procedure, the maximum output voltage and maximum output current of the generator 3 are controlled by the CPU 41 to charge and maintain the battery 2; the other is an auxiliary power program, that is, when the vehicle is running and the battery 2 is insufficient, according to The actual voltage and output current value of the battery 2, the CPU 41 uses the PWM technology to adjust the output voltage and output current of the generator 3, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery 2 and simultaneously supplying stable power to the motor 1.

[23] 本发明工作吋，参考图 4所示，其步骤为： [23] The work of the present invention, as shown in Figure 4, the steps are:

[24] (1) 电池电压检测模块 47将检测到的电池 2的输出电压值送入 CPU41 , 再由 CP [24] (1) The battery voltage detection module 47 sends the detected output voltage value of the battery 2 to the CPU 41, and then by the CP.

U41送入比较模块 42，并经比较模块 42将其与预设的最小电压值进行比较后，将比较结果送入 CPU41 ; U41 is sent to the comparison module 42, and compared with the preset minimum voltage value by the comparison module 42, the comparison result is sent to the CPU 41;

[25] (2) CPU41接收比较结果，若电压值大于最小值，说明此吋电池 2中剩余电量尚充足，无需启动发电机 3 (手动启动除外），返回步骤（1) 继续进行检测比较；若电压值小于最小值吋，进入步骤（3) ； [25] (2) CPU41 receives the comparison result. If the voltage value is greater than the minimum value, it means that the remaining power in the battery 2 is sufficient. It is not necessary to start the generator 3 (except for manual start), and return to step (1) to continue the detection and comparison; If the voltage value is less than the minimum value, proceed to step (3);

[26] (3) CPU41再判断电池输出电流检测模块 43的输出电流值是否为 0，确定电动车的运行状态，若电流不为 0，说明此吋电动车处于运行状态，进入步骤（4)[26] (3) The CPU 41 further determines whether the output current value of the battery output current detecting module 43 is 0, determines the running state of the electric vehicle, and if the current is not 0, it indicates that the electric vehicle is in the running state, and proceeds to step (4).

，若不为 0，进入步骤（6) ； If not 0, proceed to step (6);

[27] (4) CPU41利用电启动控制发电机 3启动； [27] (4) The CPU 41 uses the electric start to control the generator 3 to start;

[28] (5) CPU41在电池 2电压小于设定值且车辆在行驶吋，启动辅助动力模式，通过控制 PWM稳压电路而实吋调节发电机 3的输出电压与输出电流，从而稳定地同电池 2共同对电机供电，保证电机 1在电池电量不足的情况下继续稳定工作；在电动车随后的运行过程中，在车辆行驶过程中 CPU41将控制发电机 3始终以该模式工作，当然，也可以手动控制使发电机 3停止工作结束程序运行； [28] (5) CPU41 starts the auxiliary power mode when the battery 2 voltage is less than the set value and the vehicle is running. The PWM voltage regulator circuit is used to adjust the output voltage and output current of the generator 3, thereby stably supplying power to the motor together with the battery 2, and ensuring that the motor 1 continues to work stably in the case of insufficient battery power; During operation, the CPU 41 will control the generator 3 to always operate in this mode during the running of the vehicle. Of course, it is also possible to manually control the generator 3 to stop the operation and end the program operation;

[29] (6) 若电动车不在运行状态（电池输出电流检测模块 43的输出值为 0) ， CPU [29] (6) If the electric vehicle is not running (the output value of the battery output current detection module 43 is 0), the CPU

41判断发电机输出电压检测模块 44发出的输出电压值是否为 0，确定发电机 3的工作状态，若电压值为 0，说明此吋发电机 3还未启动，返回步骤（2) ，此吋若使用者手动启动发电机 3 : 则电压值不为 0，进入步骤（7) ； 41 determining whether the output voltage value sent by the generator output voltage detecting module 44 is 0, determining the working state of the generator 3, if the voltage value is 0, indicating that the generator 3 has not been started, returning to step (2), If the user manually starts the generator 3: the voltage value is not 0, and proceeds to step (7);

[30] (7) CPU41启动标准充电程序，发电机 3在 CPU41的控制下输出充电电压及充电电流，送入电池 2，对电池 2进行充电或维护； [30] (7) The CPU 41 starts the standard charging procedure, and the generator 3 outputs the charging voltage and the charging current under the control of the CPU 41, and sends it to the battery 2 to charge or maintain the battery 2;

[31] (8) CPU41将电池电压检测模块 47发送的电压值送入比较模块 42，并由其与预设最大电压值进行比较，判断此吋电池 2中储电量是否已满，若还未满，则返回步骤（7) 继续对电池 2充电，若电量已满，则进入步骤 (9) ； [31] (8) The CPU 41 sends the voltage value sent by the battery voltage detecting module 47 to the comparison module 42 and compares it with the preset maximum voltage value to determine whether the storage capacity of the battery 2 is full. When full, return to step (7) to continue charging battery 2, if the battery is full, proceed to step (9);

[32] (9) CPU41控制发电机 3停止工作，此处也可以手动停止发电机 3。 [32] (9) The CPU 41 controls the generator 3 to stop operation, and the generator 3 can also be stopped manually here.

[33] 综上所述，本发明带发电机 3的电动车，重点在于釆用了专用的控制***，根据电动车的实际工作状态，为发电机 3设置了不同的工作模式，并通过专用 PWM 控制技术来实现对电池 2进行应急充电、维护或者对电机 1提供动力两种状态，当电动车在行驶途中且电量不足的情况下， CPU41通过检测电池 2的实际输出电压和输出电流，而实吋控制发电机 3的输出电压和电流，保证电机 1仍能稳定地继续工作，保护相关器件，延长使用寿命。 [33] In summary, the electric vehicle with the generator 3 of the present invention focuses on the use of a dedicated control system, and according to the actual working state of the electric vehicle, different working modes are set for the generator 3, and The PWM control technology realizes two states of emergency charging, maintenance or powering the battery 2. When the electric vehicle is running and the battery is low, the CPU 41 detects the actual output voltage and output current of the battery 2, and The output voltage and current of the generator 3 are controlled to ensure that the motor 1 can continue to work stably, protect related devices, and prolong the service life.

[34] 以上实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明保护范围之内。 The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical idea of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications made on the basis of the technical solutions according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention fall into the present invention. Within the scope of protection.

Claims

权利要求书 Claim

1、一种带发电机的电动车，包括车体、电机、电机控制器、电池和发电机，发电机运转为电池充电，通过电机控制器为电机运行提供电源，带动车体上的车轮转动，使车体前行；其特征在于：还包括一控制***，其包括检测电池电压值并送入 CPU的电池电压检测模块、将 CPU送入的电池电压值与预设最大、最小电压值进行比较并输出比较结果的比较模块、检测电池的输出电流值并送入 CPU的电池输出电流检测模块、检测发电机的输出电压值并送入 CPU的发电机输出电压检测模块及接收前述数据并进行分析控制发电机工作及输出状态的 CPU 1. An electric vehicle with a generator, comprising a vehicle body, a motor, a motor controller, a battery and a generator. The generator operates to charge the battery, and the motor controller provides power for the motor operation to drive the wheel on the vehicle body. The utility model further comprises: a control system, comprising: a battery voltage detecting module for detecting a battery voltage value and sent to the CPU, and the battery voltage value sent by the CPU and the preset maximum and minimum voltage values are performed; Comparing and outputting the comparison module of the comparison result, detecting the output current value of the battery, and sending it to the battery output current detecting module of the CPU, detecting the output voltage value of the generator, and sending it to the generator output voltage detecting module of the CPU and receiving the aforementioned data and performing Analyze the CPU that controls the generator's operation and output status