WO2010086946A1 - スイッチング電源装置 - Google Patents
スイッチング電源装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010086946A1 WO2010086946A1 PCT/JP2009/006954 JP2009006954W WO2010086946A1 WO 2010086946 A1 WO2010086946 A1 WO 2010086946A1 JP 2009006954 W JP2009006954 W JP 2009006954W WO 2010086946 A1 WO2010086946 A1 WO 2010086946A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33561—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having more than one ouput with independent control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
- H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a switching power supply apparatus having multiple outputs, and in particular, to a non-stabilized output that is not subjected to voltage-stabilized feedback control from the secondary side to the primary side, the voltage is reduced by means with less power loss.
- the present invention relates to a switching power supply that can be stabilized.
- the output voltage is obtained as a stable voltage via a step-down circuit such as a dropper circuit or a chopper circuit.
- a step-down circuit such as a dropper circuit or a chopper circuit.
- FIG. 17 has two outputs of 12V and 24V on the secondary side, 24V output is stabilized output (the output that feeds back to the primary side control circuit is referred to as stabilized output hereinafter), and 12V output is unstabilized It shows an example of a 12V output current vs. 12V output voltage characteristic when an output (other output that is not fed back to the primary side control circuit is hereinafter referred to as an unstabilized output) is shown.
- FIG. 18 shows an example of 24V output current vs. 12V output voltage characteristics when the secondary side has two outputs of 12V and 24V, the 24V output is a stabilized output, and the 12V output is an unstabilized output. Is.
- the voltage of 12V output which is an unstabilized output varies depending on the load state of 12V output or 24V output.
- JP-A-4-33571 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-82367 JP 57-129131 A
- an object of the present invention is to provide a multi-output switching power supply apparatus that improves power supply efficiency and increases the accuracy of a DC output voltage.
- the switching power supply of the present invention is a switching power supply that converts an AC power input to the primary side into a plurality of secondary DC power supplies and outputs the DC power, and one of the plurality of DC power supplies includes: A stabilized output having a voltage stabilizing means that feeds back and stabilizes the output voltage to the primary side, and the remaining other DC power sources out of the plurality of DC power sources have their output voltages on the primary side. A non-stabilized output that does not have voltage stabilizing means for feedback, and when the output voltage of the non-stabilized output falls below a first predetermined voltage, power is provided from the stabilized output; A converter is provided that regenerates power from the unregulated output to the stabilized output when the output voltage exceeds a second predetermined voltage.
- the converter is a step-up / down converter having a step-up converter function and a step-down converter function, and the output voltage of the stabilized output is set higher than the output voltage of the unstabilized output.
- the step-up / step-down converter reduces the output voltage of the stabilized output by the step-down converter function when the output voltage of the unregulated output falls below the first predetermined voltage, and supplies power to the unregulated output.
- the boost converter function boosts the output voltage of the unstabilized output and regenerates power to the stabilized output.
- the first predetermined voltage and the second predetermined voltage are within a voltage accuracy range determined so that an output voltage accuracy of the unstabilized output becomes a predetermined accuracy.
- the second predetermined voltage is set higher than the first predetermined voltage by a predetermined potential difference.
- the switching power supply according to the present invention is a switching power supply that converts an AC power input to the primary side into a plurality of secondary DC power supplies and outputs the DC power.
- a first switch element and a second switch which are not stabilized and have no voltage stabilizing means to be fed back to each other, and are repeatedly turned on and off alternately between the stabilized output and the unstabilized output.
- a buck-boost converter having an element and a reactor is connected, and the buck-boost converter switches power transfer between the stable output and the non-stable output according to the output voltage of the non-stabilized output. It is characterized in.
- the step-up / down converter includes the first switch element having a constant duty ratio corresponding to a ratio of the output voltage of the stabilized output and the output voltage of the unstabilized output.
- the second switch element is turned on / off.
- the step-up / step-down converter controls the duty ratio of the first switch element and the second switch element so that the output voltage of the unstabilized output becomes a predetermined voltage. It is characterized by doing.
- the step-up / step-down converter includes means for detecting a current flowing through the reactor, and the reactor is connected to the reactor in each ON period of the first switch element and the second switch element.
- the step-up / down converter includes a means for detecting a current flowing through the reactor, and the first switch so that an output voltage of the unstabilized output becomes a predetermined voltage.
- the peak value of the current flowing through the reactor is controlled in the ON period of each of the element and the second switch element.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a switching power supply apparatus including a buck-boost converter according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the power conversion circuit included in the switching power supply device 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 is a flyback converter.
- the power conversion circuit of the switching power supply device 1 is not limited to the flyback converter. Any power conversion circuit that obtains multiple outputs with a plurality of winding voltages on the side may be used.
- the switching power supply device 1 a multi-output switching power supply device having a 24V output and a 12V output on the secondary side, a 24V output as a stabilized output, and a 12V output as an unstabilized output is illustrated.
- the main point is not limited to this, and it is possible to arbitrarily determine which output is a stabilized output or an unstabilized output.
- the multi-output set voltage is not limited to 12V and 24V.
- An input terminal TM1 and an input terminal TM2 are provided on the primary side of the switching power supply device 1.
- the input terminals TM1 and TM2 are connected to an AC power source 2 such as a single-phase 100V (50 Hz, 60 Hz) commercial power source,
- an AC power source 2 such as a single-phase 100V (50 Hz, 60 Hz) commercial power source
- a 24V output terminal TM3, a 12V output terminal TM4, and a GND terminal are provided, a load Ld1 is connected between the 24V output terminal TM3 and the GND terminal, and a load Ld2 is connected to the 12V output terminal TM4. It is connected between the GND terminals.
- the AC power supply 2 is connected to the full-wave rectification bridge 3 through the input terminals TM1 and TM2, and the AC voltage of the AC power supply 2 is converted into a DC voltage by the full-wave rectification bridge 3.
- the pulsation component included in the DC output voltage of the full-wave rectification bridge 3 is smoothed by the capacitor C6 connected between the positive and negative output terminals of the full-wave rectification bridge 3 to obtain a DC voltage with less pulsation.
- the switching power supply device 1 includes a transformer T1 having a primary winding P1, secondary windings S1 and S2, and a tertiary winding P2.
- the positive output terminal of the full-wave rectifier bridge 3 is connected to one terminal of the primary winding P1 of the transformer T1, and the other terminal of the primary winding P1 is connected to the drain terminal of the MOSFET Q3 that is a switch element.
- the source terminal of the MOSFET Q3 is connected to the negative output terminal of the full wave rectification bridge 3 (hereinafter, a line connected to the negative output terminal of the full wave rectification bridge 3 is referred to as a ground potential GND1) via the resistor R2. Yes.
- a capacitor C5 is connected between the other terminal of the primary winding P1 and the ground potential GND1. Further, between the two terminals of the primary winding P1, a parallel body of a resistor R3 and a capacitor C4 is connected in series with a diode D6 whose forward direction is directed from the other terminal of the primary winding P1 to one terminal. The body is connected.
- One terminal of the secondary winding S1 of the transformer T1 is connected to the anode terminal of the diode D3, and the cathode terminal of the diode D3 is connected to the 24V output terminal TM3.
- One terminal of the capacitor C1 is connected between the cathode terminal of the diode D3 and the 24V output terminal TM3, and the other terminal of the capacitor C1 is connected to the output ground terminal GND (hereinafter referred to as the output ground terminal GND) of the switching power supply device 1.
- the connected line is connected to the ground potential GND2.
- the other terminal of the secondary winding S1 of the transformer T1 and one terminal of the secondary winding S2 are connected, and the other terminal of the secondary winding S2 is connected to the ground potential GND2.
- the secondary windings S1 and S2 of the transformer T1 are connected in series and connected to the rectifying and smoothing circuit 11 including the diode D3 and the capacitor C1, and configured to output a DC voltage of 24V to the 24V output terminal TM3. ing.
- the other terminal of the secondary winding S1 of the transformer T1 and one terminal of the secondary winding S2 are connected.
- a tap is taken out from this connection point and connected to the anode terminal of the diode D4, and the cathode of the diode D4.
- the terminal is connected to the 12V output terminal TM4.
- one terminal of the capacitor C2 is connected between the cathode terminal of the diode D4 and the 12V output terminal TM4, and the other terminal of the capacitor C2 is connected to the ground potential GND2.
- the secondary winding S2 of the transformer T1 is connected to the rectifying / smoothing circuit 12 including the diode D4 and the capacitor C2, and is configured to output a DC voltage of 12V to the 12V output terminal TM4.
- the primary side control circuit 4 is a power conversion circuit configured by a transformer T1, a MOSFET Q3, and the like, that is, a control circuit that controls a flyback converter.
- the power source of the primary side control circuit 4 is created and supplied by the tertiary winding P2 of the transformer T1, the diode D5, the capacitor C3, the starting resistor R1, and the like.
- the secondary side 24V output voltage is fed back to the primary side control circuit 4 to stabilize the 24V output voltage. That is, the light emitting side of the photocoupler PC and the series detector of the voltage detector 6 are connected between the 24V output terminal and the ground potential GND2, and the light receiving side of the photocoupler PC is connected between the control input terminal of the primary side control circuit 4 and the ground potential GND1. It is connected.
- a buck-boost converter 13a that stabilizes the unstabilized output is connected to the 24V output and the 12V output. That is, the source terminal of the switch element Q1 (P-type MOSFET) is connected to the connection point between the diode D3 and the 24V output terminal TM3, the drain terminal of the switch element Q1 is connected to the drain terminal of the switch element Q2 (N-type MOSFET), The source terminal of the switch element Q2 is connected to the ground potential GND2.
- diodes D1 and D2 are connected in reverse parallel to each of the switch element Q1 and the switch element Q2 so that a current in a direction opposite to the current direction of the switch element Q1 and the switch element Q2 can flow.
- one terminal of the reactor L1 is connected to a connection point where the drain terminal of the switch element Q1 and the drain terminal of the switch element Q2 are connected, and the other terminal of the reactor L1 is connected to the 12V output terminal TM4. .
- the gate terminals of the switch element Q1 and the switch element Q2 are connected to the control terminal of the secondary side control circuit 5a that controls on / off of these.
- the switching power supply device 1 of the present embodiment is characterized by the step-up / down converter 13a, and the other parts except the step-up / down converter 13a are the same as those of a power conversion circuit using a generally well-known flyback converter. Therefore, detailed description of the operation and the like is omitted here.
- a thin alternate long and short dash line indicates a voltage characteristic of 12V output, which is the same as the characteristic shown in FIG.
- the voltage characteristic of the upper 12V output shows the 12V output voltage characteristic with respect to the 12V output current when the 24V output is rated load.
- the voltage characteristics of the lower 12V output show the 12V output voltage characteristics with respect to the 12V output current when the 24V output is lightly loaded (or no load).
- the 12V output voltage has a characteristic that decreases as the 12V output current increases under the condition that the 24V output current is constant. Further, the 12V output voltage is affected by the load state of the 24V output, and the voltage decreases as shown in FIG. 18 as the 24V output becomes no load from the rated load.
- the 12V output voltage when the 24V output is the rated load current increases to about 14V when the output current is 0%, and decreases to about 10V to 11V when the output current is 100%. If it is assumed that the voltage accuracy of the 12V output voltage is set within 5% (11.4V to 12.6V), the accuracy is not satisfied at all.
- the characteristics of the two solid lines indicate the voltage characteristics of the 12V output of the embodiment to which the present invention is applied.
- the characteristic of the upper solid line is the 12V output voltage characteristic for the 12V output current when the 24V output is rated load
- the characteristic of the lower solid line is the 12V output voltage characteristic for the 12V output current when the 24V output is light load (or no load). It is.
- An output voltage of 12V is a first predetermined voltage (a first predetermined voltage set within a voltage accuracy range indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 2).
- the insufficient power is stepped down and supplied from the 24V output line to the 12V output line (step-down converter function of the step-up / down converter 13a). This is indicated by the upward arrow in FIG.
- the first predetermined voltage and the second predetermined voltage are included within the accuracy of the 12V output voltage, and the second predetermined voltage is higher than the first predetermined voltage. Is set high with a predetermined potential difference.
- the 12V output voltage accuracy can be kept within the required voltage accuracy, for example, within 5% by the action of the step-up / down converter 13a.
- the rectifying and smoothing circuit 12 outputs the secondary windings S1 and S2 of the transformer T1 so that the 12V output voltage is a little lower than 12V, such as 11V, for example, under the condition that the 24V output is the rated load and the 12V output is the rated load.
- the turn ratio S1: S2 is selected in advance.
- the secondary winding of the transformer T1 so that the maximum value of the 12V output voltage does not exceed the upper limit value defined by the voltage accuracy of the 12V output under the minimum load condition such as a light load or no load condition of the 24V output.
- the turn ratio S1: S2 of S1 and S2 is selected in advance.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a more detailed configuration of the buck-boost converter 13a and the secondary side control circuit 5a that controls the buck-boost converter 13a so as to stabilize the 12V output.
- the secondary side control circuit 5a includes operational amplifiers (operational amplifiers) OP1 and OP2, comparators (comparators) CP1 and CP2, a reference voltage Vref1, a triangular wave oscillator OSC, resistors R4 to R10, capacitors C7 and C9, and the like. .
- Resistors R4, R5, and R6 are connected in series between the 12V output terminal TM4 and the ground terminal GND. Therefore, the voltage Vcv1 at the connection point of the resistors R4 and R5 is a voltage obtained by dividing the voltage of 12V output by the ratio of (R4) :( R5 + R6), and the voltage Vcv2 at the connection point of the resistors R5 and R6 is a voltage of 12V output ( R4 + R5): The voltage is divided by the ratio of (R6).
- the connection point between the resistors R4 and R5 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP1, and the connection point between the resistors R5 and R6 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP2.
- the reference voltage Vref1 is input to the inverting input terminals of the operational amplifiers OP1 and OP2 through the resistors R8 and R10, respectively.
- a series body of a resistor R7 and a capacitor C7 is connected as a negative feedback impedance between the output terminal and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP1, and a resistor R9 and a capacitor C9 are connected as a negative feedback impedance between the output terminal and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP2.
- a series body is connected.
- the output terminal of the operational amplifier OP1 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator CP1
- the output terminal of the operational amplifier OP2 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator CP2.
- the signals from the triangular wave oscillator OSC are input to the inverting input terminals of the comparators CP1 and CP2.
- the output terminal of the comparator CP1 is connected to the gate terminal of the switch element Q1, and the output terminal of the comparator CP2 is connected to the gate terminal of the switch element Q2.
- a circuit as a step-down converter includes a switching element Q1, a diode D2 connected in reverse parallel to the switching element Q2, a reactor L1, and a capacitor C2.
- a circuit as a boost converter includes a switching element Q2, a diode D1, anti-parallel connection to the switching element Q1, a reactor L1, and a capacitor C2.
- the operation switching of the step-up / step-down converter is performed by operational amplifiers OP1 and OP2 and comparators CP1 and CP2.
- the buck-boost converter 13a recovers the voltage of the 12V output when detecting this voltage drop. Operates to power 12V output from output. The 12V output is restored to the first predetermined voltage by being supplied with power from the 24V output.
- the operation of the step-up / down converter 13a as a step-down converter will be described in detail below.
- the voltage at the connection point of the resistors R4 and R5 becomes the voltage of the 12V output (R4).
- the voltage Vcv1 is differentiated from the reference voltage Vref1 by the operational amplifier OP1, and becomes the output Vop1 of the operational amplifier OP1.
- the output Vop1 of the operational amplifier OP1 is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator CP1, and is compared with the triangular wave signal input from the triangular wave oscillator OSC.
- Vop1 and OSC in the period Ta in FIG. 4 illustrate the relationship between the output Vop1 of the operational amplifier OP1 and the signal voltage of the triangular wave oscillator OSC at this time.
- the comparator CP1 causes the output signal Vcp1 to be a low level signal and the gate signal Vg1 of the switch element Q1 to be an ON signal (low level signal) during a period when the output Vop1 of the operational amplifier OP1 is lower than the triangular wave signal OSC. .
- This operation waveform is shown as a signal waveform Vg1 in the period Ta in FIG.
- the output Vop1 of the operational amplifier OP1 when the voltage of the 12V output gradually rises, the output Vop1 of the operational amplifier OP1 further rises and there is no period of crossing with the triangular wave signal OSC, the output Vcp1 of the comparator CP1 is fixed at the high level, and the gate of the switch element Q1
- the step-down converter 13a turns on the switch element Q1, and the current i1 in FIG. As described above, current flows from the 24V output to the load Ld2 via the switching element Q1, the reactor L1, and the 12V output terminal TM4, and power is supplied from the 24V output to the 12V output.
- the output signal Vg1 of the comparator CP1 in FIG. 3 is supplied to the gate of the switch element Q1 as an off signal (high level signal), the switch element Q1 is turned off, and the current i1 flowing through the reactor L1 is as shown in FIG.
- the buck-boost converter 13a recovers the voltage of 12V output when detecting this voltage rise.
- the power of 12V output is regenerated to the 24V output side, and the voltage of 12V output is reduced to the second predetermined voltage.
- the 12V output is recovered to the second predetermined voltage by being regenerated into 24V output and supplied with electric power.
- the operation of the buck-boost converter 13a as a boost converter will be described in detail below.
- the voltage at the connection point of the resistors R5 and R6 becomes the voltage of the 12V output (R4 + R5).
- the voltage Vcv2 is differentiated from the reference voltage Vref1 by the operational amplifier OP2, and becomes the output Vop2 of the operational amplifier OP2.
- the output Vop2 of the operational amplifier OP2 is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator CP2, and compared with the triangular wave signal input from the triangular wave oscillator OSC.
- Vop2 and OSC in the period Tc in FIG. 4 illustrate the relationship between the output Vop2 of the operational amplifier OP2 and the signal voltage of the triangular wave oscillator OSC at this time.
- the comparator CP2 sets the output signal Vcp2 to a high bell signal and sets the gate signal Vg2 of the switch element Q2 to an ON signal (high level signal) during a period when the output Vop2 of the operational amplifier OP2 is higher than the triangular wave signal OSC.
- This operation waveform is shown as a signal waveform Vg2 in the Tc period of FIG.
- the output Vop2 of the operational amplifier OP2 rises and the period in which it intersects with the triangular wave signal OSC gradually increases. Since the output Vcp2 of the comparator CP2 outputs a high level voltage during the intersection of the output Vop2 of the operational amplifier OP2 and the triangular wave signal OSC, an ON signal that is the gate signal Vg2 of the switch element Q2 is output. In the period Ta and the period Tb shown in FIG. 4, the output Vop2 of the operational amplifier OP2 does not have a period of intersection with the triangular wave signal OSC, and the gate signal Vg2 of the switch element Q2 remains an off signal (low level signal). .
- step-up / down converter 13a when the output signal Vg2 of the comparator CP2 in FIG. 3 is supplied to the gate of the switch element Q2 as an on signal (high bell signal), the switch element Q2 is turned on, as shown by the current i3 in FIG. In addition, a current flows from the 12V output through the loop of the reactor L1 and the switching element Q2.
- the output signal Vg2 of the comparator CP2 in FIG. 3 is supplied to the gate of the switch element Q2 as an off signal (low level signal), the switch element Q2 is turned off, and the current flowing through the reactor L1 is the current i4 in FIG.
- the 12V output current flows as a regenerative current through the load Ld2, the reactor L1, and the diode D1 to the 24V output side.
- the switch element Q1 is kept off.
- the ratio of the on-period of the switching element Q2 to one period of the triangular wave signal OSC increases, and accordingly, the ratio of the electric power regenerated from the 12V output to the 24V output increases. .
- the operation of the step-up / step-down converter is switched within the range of the input voltages Vcv1 and Vcv2 of the operational amplifiers OP1 and OP2, and there is a potential difference between Vcv1 and Vcv2, so that the step-up converter operation and the step-down converter operation are performed.
- the voltages Vcv1 and Vcv2 correspond to the first predetermined voltage and the second predetermined voltage in FIG. 3, although the voltage levels are different.
- a period Tb in FIG. 4 is a period in which neither the switch element Q1 nor the switch element Q2 is turned on / off.
- the stabilized output feeds back to the primary side, so that a stable voltage can be obtained.
- the voltage transiently changes due to the control delay of the feedback control. Depression occurs. This embodiment also works effectively against this voltage drop, and the voltage drop can be reduced.
- the switching power supply device 1 (this embodiment to which the present invention is applied) and the present invention are applied when the 24V output current is changed in steps from a light load of about 10% to a rated load of 100%.
- the change in the 12V output voltage and the 24V output voltage of the conventional technology (without the step-up / down converter 13a in FIG. 1) not shown is shown.
- the transient voltage drop due to the sudden load change of the 24V output voltage is improved.
- Example 2 according to the present invention will be described.
- a step-up / down converter 13b shown in FIG. 8 is used instead of the step-up / down converter 13a of the switching power supply device 1 shown in FIG.
- the switch element Q1 in the buck-boost converter 13a in the first embodiment is a P-type MOSFET
- the switch element Q21 in the present embodiment corresponding to the switch element Q1 is an N-type MOSFET.
- the drain terminal of the switch element Q21 is connected to the connection point between the diode D3 and the 24V output terminal TM3, the source terminal of the switch element Q21 is connected to the drain terminal of the switch element Q2, and the source terminal of the switch element Q2 is the ground potential GND2. It is connected to the.
- diodes D1 and D2 are connected in reverse parallel to each of the switch element Q21 and the switch element Q2 so that a current in a direction opposite to the current direction of the switch element Q21 and the switch element Q2 can flow.
- the diodes D1 and D2 may be replaced with parasitic diodes of the switch element Q21 and the switch element Q2, respectively.
- one terminal of the reactor L1 is connected to a connection point where the source terminal of the switching element Q21 and the drain terminal of the switching element Q2 are connected, and the other terminal of the reactor L1 is connected to the 12V output terminal TM4. .
- the gates of the switch element Q21 and the switch element Q2 are connected to a control terminal of a secondary side control circuit 5b that controls on / off of these elements.
- the secondary side control circuit 5b of the present embodiment is different in configuration from the secondary side control circuit 5a of the first embodiment.
- the switch element Q21 may be a P-type MOSFET by recombination of logic.
- the buck-boost converter 13b steps down the insufficient power from the 24V output line to the 12V output line, which will be described in detail later with reference to FIG. (A step-down converter function of the step-up / down converter 13b). This is indicated by the upward arrow in FIG. Further, when the ratio of the 12V output voltage to the 24V output voltage increases, this will also be described in detail later with reference to FIG. 12, but the buck-boost converter 13b boosts excess power from the 12V output line to the 24V output line. (A boost converter function of the step-up / down converter 13b). This is indicated by the downward arrow in FIG.
- the 12V output voltage accuracy can be kept within the required voltage accuracy, for example, within 5% by the action of the step-up / down converter 13b.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of the step-up / down converter 13b and the secondary side control circuit 5b that controls on / off of the switch element Q21 and the switch element Q2 in the step-up / down converter 13b.
- the portion indicated by the dotted line frame indicates the secondary side control circuit 5b.
- the secondary side control circuit 5b includes comparators (comparators) CP1 and CP2, a reference voltage Vref2, a triangular wave oscillator OSC, resistors R24 and R25, a driver Hdr, and the like.
- Resistors R24 and R25 are connected in series across the reference voltage Vref2. Therefore, the voltage Vadj at the connection point between the resistors R24 and R25 is a voltage obtained by dividing the voltage of the reference voltage Vref2 by the ratio of R24: R25.
- the connection point between the resistors R24 and R25 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator CP1 and the inverting input terminal of the comparator CP2.
- the signal from the triangular wave oscillator OSC is input to the inverting input terminal of the comparator CP1 and the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator CP2.
- the output terminal of the comparator CP1 is connected to the gate terminal of the switch element Q21 via a driver Hdr that level-shifts the signal output from the comparator CP1 to a signal based on the source terminal of the switch element Q21.
- the output terminal is connected to the gate terminal of the switch element Q2.
- the voltage at the connection point of the resistors R24 and R25 is the ratio of the reference voltage Vref2 to the ratio of R24: R25. Is obtained as a voltage Vadj divided by. This voltage is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator CP1 and the inverting input terminal of the comparator CP2, and is compared with the triangular wave signal input from the triangular wave oscillator OSC.
- FIG. 9 shows operation waveforms inside the secondary side control circuit 5b.
- the output of the comparator CP1 is at a high level, and the gate signal Vg21 is input as an ON signal to the switch element Q21 via the driver Hdr. Further, the output of the comparator CP2 becomes low level, and the gate signal Vg2 is input to the switch element Q2 as an off signal.
- the output of the comparator CP1 is at a low level, and the gate signal Vg21 is input as an off signal to the switch element Q21 via the driver Hdr. Further, the output of the comparator CP2 becomes high level, and the gate signal Vg2 is input to the switch element Q2 as an ON signal.
- the switch element Q21 and the switch element Q2 are repeatedly turned on and off alternately at a constant duty ratio.
- Vo2 which is an unstabilized output.
- the voltage drop generated in the switching elements Q21 and Q2 and the diodes D1 and D2 is very small compared to the output voltages Vo1 and Vo2, and will be ignored for the sake of simplicity.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an operation waveform of the buck-boost converter 13b when the output voltage of the output Vo2 that is an unstabilized output is the rated output voltage. As shown in FIG. 10, the current of reactor L1 goes back and forth between Vo2 direction and Vo1 direction around 0A, and the average current becomes 0A.
- the current ripple of reactor L1 when switch element Q21 is on and switch element Q2 is off is larger than the current ripple of reactor L1 when switch element Q21 is off and switch element Q2 is on. Therefore, the current of reactor L1 changes in the direction in which power is supplied from output Vo1 to output Vo2.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an operation waveform of the buck-boost converter 13b when the output voltage of the output Vo2 that is an unstabilized output is lower than the rated output voltage. As shown in FIG. 11, the current of the reactor L1 is biased toward the direction of supplying power from the output Vo1 to the output Vo2.
- the output Vo2 at time t2 is at the voltage value Vo2a.
- the output voltage of the output Vo2 rises due to the supply of power from the output Vo1, and at time t3 when it approaches the rated output voltage Vo2, the current ripple IL1a of the reactor L1 And IL1a 'are balanced to achieve stable operation.
- the load condition in which the output Vo2 falls below the rated output voltage is when the stabilized output Vo1 is in a light load or no load state, but by the operation of the buck-boost converter 13b of the present invention.
- the electric power supplied to the non-stabilized output Vo2 functions as a load when viewed from the stabilized output Vo1, and thus functions to further improve the cross regulation characteristics.
- T / L1 IL1b ⁇ Vo1 / ⁇ Vo2 ⁇ (Vo1 ⁇ Vo2b) ⁇ (5 ′)
- IL1b ′ IL1b ⁇ ⁇ Vo2b ⁇ (Vo1 ⁇ Vo2) ⁇ / ⁇ Vo2 ⁇ (Vo1 ⁇ Vo2b) ⁇ (6 ′)
- Vo2 ⁇ Vo2b, and the right side of the equation (5 ′) holds IL1b ⁇ IL1b ′ because the numerator is large and the denominator is small.
- the current ripple of reactor L1 when switch element Q21 is on and switch element Q2 is off is smaller than the current ripple of reactor L1 when switch element Q21 is off and switch element Q2 is on.
- the current of reactor L1 changes in the direction in which power is supplied from output Vo2 to output Vo1.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an operation waveform of the buck-boost converter 13b when the output voltage of the output Vo2 that is an unstabilized output is higher than the rated output voltage. As shown in FIG. 12, the current in the reactor L1 is biased toward supplying power from the output Vo2 to the output Vo1.
- the output Vo2 at time t4 is at the Vo2b voltage value, and the output Vo2 is decreased by the supply of power to the output Vo1, and at time t5 when it approaches the rated output voltage Vo2, the current ripple IL1b of the reactor L1 And IL1b 'are balanced to achieve a stable operation. Further, the load condition in which the output Vo2 rises above the rated output voltage appears more conspicuously as the load of the stabilized output Vo1 increases. However, the operation of the step-up / down converter 13b according to the present invention causes the stabilized output from the unstabilized output Vo2. By supplying electric power to Vo1, the electric power supplied from the secondary winding S1 to the stabilized output Vo1 is reduced, so that the cross regulation characteristic is further improved.
- FIG. 13 shows a further detailed configuration of the step-up / down converter 13c according to the third embodiment of the present invention and the secondary side control circuit 5c that controls on / off of the switch element Q21 and the switch element Q2 in the step-up / down converter 13c.
- FIG. 13 the portion indicated by the dotted line frame indicates the secondary side control circuit 5c.
- the secondary side control circuit 5c has a configuration in which the resistors R24 and R25 of the secondary side control circuit 5b in the second embodiment of FIG. 8 are replaced with resistors R36 and R37 and an operational amplifier OP31.
- Resistors R36 and R37 are connected in series to both ends of Vo2 which is an unstabilized output. Therefore, the voltage at the connection point between the resistors R36 and R37 is a voltage obtained by dividing the voltage of the output Vo2 by the ratio of R36: R37.
- the connection point between the resistors R36 and R37 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP31.
- the reference voltage Vref3 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP31.
- the operational amplifier OP31 outputs an error signal obtained by comparing the voltage at the connection point between the resistors R36 and R37 and the reference voltage Vref3 as the voltage Vadj-a, and inputs the error signal to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator CP1 and the inverting input terminal of the comparator CP2. .
- the other configuration is the same as that of the secondary side control circuit 5 of the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.
- the operational amplifier OP31 outputs an error signal between the voltage obtained by dividing the voltage of the unstabilized output Vo2 by the resistors R36 and R37 and the reference voltage Vref3 as the voltage Vadj-a.
- This voltage is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator CP1 and the inverting input terminal of the comparator CP2, and is compared with the triangular wave signal input from the triangular wave oscillator OSC.
- the switch element Q21 and the switch element Q2 are alternately turned on and off alternately at a duty ratio corresponding to the voltage Vadj-a.
- the voltage Vadj-a decreases when the voltage at the connection point between the resistors R36 and R37 is higher than the reference voltage Vref3, and increases when the voltage is lower. That is, when the unstabilized output Vo2 increases, the on-duty of the switch element Q21 becomes narrow, and when the unstabilized output Vo1 decreases, the on-duty of the switch element Q21 increases.
- the duty ratio between the switch element Q21 and the switch element Q2 is constant.
- the current flowing in the step-up / down converter 13 causes a voltage drop in the switch elements Q21 and Q2 and the diodes D1 and D2, so that the voltage generated in the reactor L1 varies during the ON period of each switch element.
- the switching elements Q21 and Q2 are switched on / off, there is generally a period during which both elements are off in order to prevent both elements from being on simultaneously.
- the method of the second embodiment it is possible to improve the cross regulation characteristic within a voltage accuracy of 5%, for example, but it is completely controlled to the rated output voltage set by the duty ratio of the switch element Q21 and the switch element Q2. I can't do it.
- the voltage of Vo2 that is an unstabilized output is detected to control the duty ratio between the switch element Q21 and the switch element Q2, so that a more accurate cross regulation characteristic can be obtained. it can.
- FIG. 14 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the circuit configuration of the buck-boost converter 13d according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 14 is the reference of the secondary side control circuit 5c with respect to the circuit configuration of the buck-boost converter 13c according to the third embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.
- a connection point of resistors R48 and R49 connected in series to both ends of the output voltage Vo1 is a secondary side control circuit 5d connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP31.
- the configuration is exactly the same.
- the relationship between the output voltage Vo1 and the output voltage Vo2 is a voltage that is twice the turn ratio of the secondary winding S1 and the secondary winding (S1 + S2). Therefore, when the voltage of the stabilized output Vo1 fluctuates due to variations in detection accuracy of the voltage detector 6 or drooping of the output voltage in an overload state, the voltage generated in the secondary winding S1 fluctuates proportionally. To do. Therefore, by changing the control voltage of the buck-boost converter 13d (the voltage input to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP31) in accordance with the fluctuation of the output Vo1, the power handled by the buck-boost converter 13d can be kept small.
- the voltage obtained by dividing the output voltage of the stabilized output Vo1 by the resistors R48 and R49 and the voltage of the unstabilized output Vo2 are provided.
- a voltage divided by the resistors R36 and R37 is input, and an error signal of these two voltages is output as a voltage Vadj-b. That is, when the output voltage of the stabilized output Vo1 varies, the control voltage of the secondary side control circuit 5d also varies.
- the relationship between the resistors R36 and R48 is obtained from the turn ratio S1: S2 of the secondary winding of the transformer T1.
- a step-up / down converter 13a comprising a switch element Q21, a switch element Q2, a reactor L1, a secondary side control circuit 5a to 5d and the like between an output Vo1 and an output Vo2. 13d are connected, and this has a circuit configuration similar to that of a step-down chopper that has been generally used.
- the conventional step-down chopper steps down the output Vo1 on the higher output voltage side and outputs all power to the output Vo2
- the power loss in the step-down chopper increases and the switch element is expensive.
- a reactor are required.
- the buck-boost converters 13a to 13d of the first to fourth embodiments convert only the excess and deficiency of the power of the unregulated output, so the power handled is very small and uses inexpensive switch elements and reactors. can do.
- an unstabilized output is controlled to a set voltage in an abnormal state such as an overload, the current that must be passed through the buck-boost converters 13a to 13d increases, causing damage to the switch element. There is a fear.
- FIG. 15 is a fifth embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problem.
- the fifth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 15 is different from the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 14 in that a current detection resistor R56 is inserted between the reactor L1 of the buck-boost converter 13e and the capacitor C2, and the secondary side control circuit 5e.
- the configuration is different.
- Resistors R51, R52, and R53 are connected in series between the connection point of the resistor R56 and the capacitor C2 and the GND terminal.
- the connection point of the resistors R51 and R52 is input to the inverting input terminal of the comparator CP1 as the voltage Va.
- the connection point between the resistors R52 and R53 is input as a voltage Vb to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator CP2.
- resistors R54 and R55 are connected in series.
- the connection point of the resistors R54 and R55 is the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator CP1 and the inverting input terminal of the comparator CP2. Is input as a voltage Vc.
- the output terminal of the comparator CP1 is connected to the reset input terminal R of the RS flip-flop FF that changes state at the rising edge, and the output terminal of the comparator CP2 is input to the set input terminal S of the RS flip-flop FF.
- the output Q of the RS flip-flop FF is connected to the gate terminal of the switch element Q21 via a driver Hdr for level-shifting the signal, and the output -Q is connected to the gate terminal of the switch element Q2.
- the output voltage Vo2 is divided by resistors R36 and R37 and connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP31, and the output voltage Vo1 is divided by resistors R48 and R49 to be output from the operational amplifier OP31.
- the output terminal of the operational amplifier OP31 is connected to a connection point between the resistors R51 and R52 via a resistor R50 and a diode D7 connected in series.
- the diode D7 has an anode terminal connected to a connection point between the resistors R51 and R52.
- FIG. 16 shows operation waveforms of the step-up / down converter 5e.
- the voltage Va at the connection point between the resistors R51 and R52 is a voltage obtained by dividing the output voltage Vo2 by a ratio of (R51) :( R52 + R53), and the voltage Vb at the connection point between the resistors R52 and R53 is the output voltage Vo2 (R52 + R53):
- the voltage is divided by the ratio of (R51) and is lower than the voltage Va.
- the voltage Vc at the connection point between the resistors R54 and R55 is a voltage obtained by dividing the voltage between the connection point between the reactor L1 and the resistor R56 and the GND terminal by the ratio of R54: R55.
- the resistance values of the resistors R51 to R55 are such that there is no voltage drop of the resistor R56, and the voltage Vc is about several hundred mV lower than the voltage Va when the diode D7 is not connected to the connection point of the resistors R51 and R52. It is assumed that it is set to.
- the output of the operational amplifier OP31 becomes high level. Since the diode D7 is connected between the output terminal of the operational amplifier OP31 and the connection point between the resistors R51 and R52, the voltage Va at the connection point between the resistors R51 and R52 and the voltage Vb at the connection point between the resistors R52 and R53 are connected. There is no effect. Therefore, as described above, when there is no voltage drop across the resistor R56, the voltage Vc is lower than the voltage Va.
- the step-up / down converter 13e has the switching element Q21, the switching element based on the peak value of the current flowing through the reactor L1 during the ON period of the switching element Q21 and the peak value of the current flowing through the reactor L1 during the ON period of the switching element Q2.
- the ON period of Q2 it is possible to realize the operation of the step-down converter that supplies insufficient power from the stabilized output Vo1 to the non-stabilized output Vo2 as in the fourth embodiment of FIG.
- the maximum value of the current flowing from the output Vo1 to the output Vo2 can be limited by the resistance values of the resistors R51 to R55 and the current detection resistor R56, an excessive current flows in the buck-boost converter 13e even during an overload. Therefore, an inexpensive switching element or the like can be used.
- the output of the operational amplifier OP31 becomes low level.
- a current is drawn from the connection point of the resistors R51 and R52 through the resistor R50 and the diode D7.
- the resistor R50 is set to a resistance value such that the voltage Vb is about several hundred mV lower than the voltage Vc when there is no voltage drop across the resistor R56.
- the step-up / down converter 13e has the switching element Q21, the switching element based on the peak value of the current flowing through the reactor L1 during the ON period of the switching element Q2 and the peak value of the current flowing through the reactor L1 when the switching element Q21 is ON.
- the ON period of Q2 it is possible to realize the operation of the boost converter that discharges excess power from the stabilized output Vo2 to the unstabilized output Vo1 as in the fourth embodiment of FIG.
- the maximum value of the current flowing from the output Vo2 to the reactor L1 during the ON period of the switch element Q2 can be limited by the resistance values of the resistors R51 to R55 and R50 and the current detection resistor R56.
- an excessive current does not flow through the buck-boost converter 13e, and an inexpensive switching element or the like can be used.
- the buck-boost converters 13a to 13e have insufficient or excessive power on the stabilized output side and the unregulated output. Therefore, a switching power supply device with high power efficiency and no power loss as in the prior art can be obtained. Further, according to the above embodiment of the present invention, the magnitude relationship between the voltage of the stabilized output and the voltage of the unstabilized output is not restricted. In other words, there is a restriction that it operates only in the relationship of (stabilized output voltage)> (unstabilized output voltage) or (stabilized output voltage) ⁇ (unstabilized output voltage). Absent.
- the 24V output is a stabilized output and the 12V output is an unstabilized output
- the same effect can be obtained even if the relationship is reversed.
- not only a static load but also a dynamic load change a transient voltage fluctuation of a stabilized output is suppressed, and an output voltage of an unstabilized output is stabilized. This has the effect of increasing the voltage accuracy of the output.
- Switch element Q3 ... MOSFET PC ... Photocouplers TM1, TM2 ... Input terminal TM3 ... 24V output terminal TM4 ... 12V output terminal GND ... GND terminals GND1, GND2 ... Ground potential Ld1, Ld2 ... Load OSC ..Triangular wave oscillators OP1, OP2, OP31 ... operational amplifier (operational amplifier) CP1, CP2 ... comparators (comparators) Vop1 ... Output Vop2 of operational amplifier OP1 ... Output Vg1 of operational amplifier OP2 ... Gate signal Vg2 of switch element Q1 ... Gate signal Vg21 of switch element Q2 ... Gate signals Vref1 to Vref3 of switch element Q21 ..Reference voltage FF ... RS flip-flop Hdr ... driver
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Abstract
Description
また、上記従来技術の方式では、安定化出力の電圧と非安定化出力の電圧との大小関係が制約されているという問題がある。すなわち、特許文献1、2の技術は(安定化出力の電圧)>(非安定化出力の電圧)の関係、特許文献3の技術は(安定化出力の電圧)<(非安定化出力の電圧)の関係でしかドロッパー回路は動作しない。
また、上記従来技術の方式では、ダイナミック負荷変動に対して直流出力電圧の変動を抑制する効果がないという問題がある。
本発明の目的は、上記問題点に鑑み、電源効率の向上を図り、かつ直流出力電圧の精度を高めた多出力のスイッチング電源装置を提供することにある。
また、本発明のスイッチング電源装置は、前記コンバータが、昇圧コンバータ機能と降圧コンバータ機能を有する昇降圧コンバータであり、且つ前記安定化出力の出力電圧は前記非安定化出力の出力電圧より高く設定され、前記昇降圧コンバータは、前記非安定化出力の出力電圧が前記第1の所定の電圧を下回ったとき降圧コンバータ機能により前記安定化出力の出力電圧を降圧して前記非安定化出力に電力を供給し、前記非安定化出力の出力電圧が前記第2の所定の電圧を上回ったとき昇圧コンバータ機能により前記非安定化出力の出力電圧を昇圧して前記安定化出力に電力を回生することを特徴とする。
また、本発明のスイッチング電源装置は、前記第1の所定の電圧と前記第2の所定の電圧が、前記非安定化出力の出力電圧精度が所定の精度になるように定めた電圧精度範囲内に設定され、且つ前記第2の所定の電圧は前記第1の所定の電圧に対して所定の電位差で高く設定されていることを特徴とする。
また、本発明のスイッチング電源装置は、1次側に入力された交流電源を2次側の複数の直流電源に変換して出力するスイッチング電源装置において、前記複数の直流電源のうち1つの直流電源は、その出力電圧を1次側にフィードバックして安定化する電圧安定化手段を有した安定化出力であり、前記複数の直流電源のうち残りの他の直流電源は、その出力電圧を1次側にフィードバックする電圧安定化手段を有しない非安定化出力であり、前記安定化出力と前記非安定化出力の間には、交互にオン・オフを繰り返す第1のスイッチ素子、第2のスイッチ素子およびリアクトルを有する昇降圧コンバータが接続され、前記昇降圧コンバータは前記非安定化出力の出力電圧に応じて、前記安定出力と前記非安定出力間で電力の授受を切り替えることを特徴とする。
また、本発明のスイッチング電源装置は、前記昇降圧コンバータが、前記安定化出力の出力電圧と、前記非安定化出力の出力電圧の比に対応した一定のデューティー比で前記第1のスイッチ素子、第2のスイッチ素子をオン・オフさせることを特徴とする。
また、本発明のスイッチング電源装置は、前記昇降圧コンバータが、前記非安定化出力の出力電圧が、所定の電圧となるように前期第1のスイッチ素子、第2のスイッチ素子のデューティー比を制御することを特徴とする。
また、本発明のスイッチング電源装置は、前記昇降圧コンバータが、前記リアクトルに流れる電流を検出する手段を備え、前記第1のスイッチ素子および第2のスイッチ素子のそれぞれのオン期間において、前記リアクトルに流れる電流を所定の電流値で制限することを特徴とする。
また、本発明のスイッチング電源装置は、前記昇降圧コンバータが、前記リアクトルに流れる電流を検出する手段を備え、前記非安定化出力の出力電圧が所定の電圧となるように、前記第1のスイッチ素子および第2のスイッチ素子のそれぞれのオン期間において、前記リアクトルに流れる電流のピーク値を制御することを特徴とする。
図1に示したスイッチング電源装置1に備わる電力変換回路はフライバックコンバータであるが、これは例示であり、スイッチング電源装置1の電力変換回路はフライバックコンバータに限定されるものではなく、2次側の複数の巻線電圧で多出力を得る電力変換回路であればよい。また、スイッチング電源装置1として、2次側に24V出力と12V出力を有し、24V出力を安定化出力、12V出力を非安定化出力とした多出力のスイッチング電源装置を例示しているが、これに限る主旨ではなく、どの出力を安定化出力、非安定化出力にするかは任意に決定することができる。また、多出力の設定電圧は12V、24Vに限定されないことは勿論である。
スイッチング電源装置1の1次側には入力端子TM1、入力端子TM2が設けられ、この入力端子TM1、TM2は、単相100V(50Hz,60Hz)商用電源などの交流電源2に接続され、また、スイッチング電源装置1の2次側には24V出力端子TM3、12V出力端子TM4、及びGND端子が設けられ、負荷Ld1が24V出力端子TM3とGND端子間に接続され、負荷Ld2が12V出力端子TM4とGND端子間に接続されている。
図2において、細い一点鎖線が12V出力の電圧特性を示したもので、図17に示した特性に同じである。上側の12V出力の電圧特性は、24V出力が定格負荷時の12V出力電流に対する12V出力電圧特性を示したものである。また、下側の12V出力の電圧特性は、24V出力が軽負荷(あるいは無負荷)時の12V出力電流に対する12V出力電圧特性を示したものである。図示されるように、12V出力電圧は、24V出力電流を一定とした条件のとき12V出力電流の増加と共に低下する特性になる。また、12V出力電圧は24V出力の負荷状態により影響を受け、24V出力が定格負荷から無負荷になるに従って図18に示したように電圧が低下する特性になる。
図2において、2つの実線の特性は、本発明が適用された実施例の12V出力の電圧特性を示したものである。上側の実線の特性は24V出力が定格負荷時の12V出力電流に対する12V出力電圧特性で、下側の実線の特性は24V出力が軽負荷(あるいは無負荷)時の12V出力電流に対する12V出力電圧特性である。
また、上記の昇降圧コンバータ13aの構成の内、昇圧コンバータとしての回路は、スイッチ素子Q2、スイッチ素子Q1に逆並列接続されたダイオードD1、リアクトルL1、コンデンサC2で構成される。
昇圧・降圧コンバータの動作切り替えは、オペアンプOP1、OP2及びコンパレータCP1、CP2により行われる。
なお、図4に示す期間Taと期間Tbにおいては、オペアンプOP2の出力Vop2は三角波信号OSCとの交差する期間がなく、スイッチ素子Q2のゲート信号Vg2はオフ信号(ローレベル信号)のままとなる。
なお、図4における期間Tbは、スイッチ素子Q1、スイッチ素子Q2のいずれもオン・オフ動作しない期間である。
また、24V出力電圧に対する12V出力電圧の比率が上昇した場合、これも図12を参照して後で詳細に述べるが、昇降圧コンバータ13bは、12V出力ラインから24V出力ラインへ過剰電力を昇圧して供給する(昇降圧コンバータ13bの昇圧コンバータ機能)。この様子を図2の下向き矢印で示す。
図8に示したように、基準電圧Vref2と接地電位GND間に直列に接続された抵抗R24、R25により、抵抗R24とR25の接続点の電圧は、基準電圧Vref2の電圧をR24:R25の比で分圧した電圧Vadjとして得られる。この電圧はコンパレータCP1の非反転入力端子と、コンパレータCP2の反転入力端子に入力され、三角波発信器OSCから入力された三角波信号と比較される。
IL1={(Vo1-Vo2)/L1}×T×(Vo2/Vo1) ・・・(1)
となる。
IL1′=(Vo2/L1)×T×{1-(Vo2/Vo1)} ・・・(2)
となる。
スイッチ素子Q21がオン状態で、スイッチ素子Q2がオフ状態のとき、リアクトルL1には出力Vo1と出力Vo2の電圧の差、つまり(Vo1-Vo2a)が印加される。このときのリアクトルL1の電流リップルIL1aは、
IL1a={(Vo1-Vo2a)/L1}×T×(Vo2/Vo1) ・・・(3)
となる。
IL1a′=(Vo2a/L1)×T×{1-(Vo2/Vo1)} ・・・(4)
となる。
T/L1=IL1a×Vo1/{Vo2×(Vo1-Vo2a)} ・・・(3′)
IL1a′=IL1a×{Vo2a×(Vo1-Vo2)}/{Vo2×(Vo1-Vo2a)} ・・・(4′)
となり、Vo2>Vo2aであり、(4´)式の右辺は、分子が小さく分母が大きくなるのでIL1a>IL1a′が成り立つ。
IL1b={(Vo1-Vo2b)/L1}×T×(Vo2/Vo1) ・・・(5)
となる。
IL1b′=( Vo2b/L1)×T×{1-(Vo2/Vo1)} ・・・(6)
となる。
T/L1=IL1b×Vo1/{Vo2×(Vo1-Vo2b)} ・・・(5´)
IL1b′=IL1b×{Vo2b×(Vo1-Vo2)}/{Vo2×(Vo1-Vo2b)} ・・・(6´)
となり、Vo2<Vo2bであり、(5´)式の右辺は、分子が大きく分母が小さくなるのでIL1b<IL1b′が成り立つ。
図13に示したように、オペアンプOP31は非安定化出力Vo2の電圧を抵抗R36、R37で分圧した電圧と、基準電圧Vref3との誤差信号を電圧Vadj-aとして出力する。この電圧はコンパレータCP1の非反転入力端子と、コンパレータCP2の反転入力端子に入力され、三角波発信器OSCから入力された三角波信号と比較される。実施例2と同様に、スイッチ素子Q21とスイッチ素子Q2は電圧Vadj-aの電圧に応じたデューティー比で交互にオン・オフを繰り返す。電圧Vadj-aは抵抗R36とR37の接続点の電圧が基準電圧Vref3より高くなると低下し、低くなると上昇する。つまり、非安定化出力Vo2が上昇するとスイッチ素子Q21のオンデューティーが狭くなり、非安定化出力Vo1が低下するとスイッチ素子Q21のオンデューティーが広がる。
R48={S1×R36+(S1-S2)×r}/S2
とすることにより、二次巻線S1と二次巻線S2の巻数比と同じ比率で、出力電圧Vo1と出力電圧Vo2を制御することができる。
上記本発明の実施例は、図1に示すように、出力Vo1と出力Vo2に間に、スイッチ素子Q21、スイッチ素子Q2、リアクトルL1、2次側制御回路5a~5dなどからなる昇降圧コンバータ13a~13dが接続された構成で、これは従来から一般的に用いられていた降圧チョッパと同様の回路構成となっている。
しかしながら、過負荷などの異常状態となった場合に非安定化出力を設定電圧に制御しようとした場合、昇降圧コンバータ13a~13dに流さなければならない電流が増大し、スイッチ素子の破損などを引き起こす恐れがある。
図16は昇降圧コンバータ5eの動作波形を示したものである。
抵抗R51とR52の接続点の電圧Vaは出力電圧Vo2を(R51):(R52+R53)の比で分圧した電圧となり、抵抗R52とR53の接続点の電圧Vbは出力電圧Vo2を(R52+R53):(R51)の比で分圧した電圧で、電圧Vaよりも低い電圧となる。また抵抗R54とR55の接続点の電圧VcはリアクトルL1と抵抗R56との接続点とGND端子間の電圧を、R54:R55の比で分圧した電圧となる。抵抗R51~R55の抵抗値は、抵抗R56の電圧降下がなく、抵抗R51とR52の接続点にダイオードD7が接続されていない場合、電圧Vcが電圧Vaよりも数100mV程度低くなるような抵抗値に設定されているものとする。
また、本発明の上記実施例によれば、安定化出力の電圧と非安定化出力の電圧との大小関係が制約されない。すなわち、(安定化出力の電圧)>(非安定化出力の電圧)の関係、あるいは(安定化出力の電圧)<(非安定化出力の電圧)の関係でしか動作しないというような制約を生じない。したがって、また、24V出力を安定化出力とし、12V出力を非安定化出力としたが、その関係が逆でもあっても同様の効果が得られる。
また、本実施例によれば、静的な負荷はもとより、ダイナミック負荷変動に対しても安定化出力の過渡的な電圧変動を抑制して非安定化出力の出力電圧を安定化させ、非安定化出力の電圧精度を高める効果がある。
また、本発明の実施例5によれば、昇降圧コンバータ13eに流れる電流を制限することも可能であり、より安価なスイッチング素子、リアクトルで構成することが可能となる。
2・・・交流電源
3・・・全波整流ブリッジ
4・・・1次側制御回路
5a~5e・・・2次側制御回路
6・・・電圧検出器
11、12・・・整流平滑回路
13a~13e・・・昇降圧コンバータ
T1・・・トランス
P1・・・トランスT1の1次巻線
S1、S2・・・トランスT1の2次巻線
P2・・・トランスT1の3次巻線
R1~R10・・・抵抗
R24、R25、R36、R37、R48、R49、R50~R56・・・抵抗
C1~C7、C9・・・コンデンサ
L1・・・リアクトル
D1~D7・・・ダイオード
Q1、Q2、Q21・・・スイッチ素子
Q3・・・MOSFET
PC・・・ホトカプラ
TM1、TM2・・・入力端子
TM3・・・24V出力端子
TM4・・・12V出力端子
GND・・・GND端子
GND1、GND2・・・接地電位
Ld1、Ld2・・・負荷
OSC・・・三角波発振器
OP1、OP2、OP31・・・オペアンプ(演算増幅器)
CP1、CP2・・・コンパレータ(比較器)
Vop1・・・オペアンプOP1の出力
Vop2・・・オペアンプOP2の出力
Vg1・・・スイッチ素子Q1のゲート信号
Vg2・・・スイッチ素子Q2のゲート信号
Vg21・・・スイッチ素子Q21のゲート信号
Vref1~Vref3・・・基準電圧
FF・・・RSフリップフロップ
Hdr・・・ドライバ
Claims (8)
- 1次側に入力された交流電源を2次側の複数の直流電源に変換して出力するスイッチング電源装置において、
前記複数の直流電源のうち1つの直流電源は、その出力電圧を1次側にフィードバックして安定化する電圧安定化手段を有した安定化出力であり、
前記複数の直流電源のうち残りの他の直流電源は、その出力電圧を1次側にフィードバックする電圧安定化手段を有しない非安定化出力であり、
前記非安定化出力の出力電圧が第1の所定の電圧を下回ったとき前記安定化出力から電力を供し、前記非安定化出力の出力電圧が第2の所定の電圧を上回ったとき前記非安定化出力から前記安定化出力に電力を回生するコンバータを備えたことを特徴とするスイッチング電源装置。 - 前記コンバータは、昇圧コンバータ機能と降圧コンバータ機能を有する昇降圧コンバータであり、且つ前記前記安定化出力の出力電圧は前記非安定化出力の出力電圧より高く設定され、
前記昇降圧コンバータは、
前記非安定化出力の出力電圧が前記第1の所定の電圧を下回ったとき降圧コンバータ機能により前記安定化出力の出力電圧を降圧して前記非安定化出力に電力を供給し、
前記非安定化出力の出力電圧が前記第2の所定の電圧を上回ったとき昇圧コンバータ機能により前記非安定化出力の出力電圧を昇圧して前記安定化出力に電力を回生することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のスイッチング電源装置。 - 前記第1の所定の電圧と前記第2の所定の電圧は、前記非安定化出力の出力電圧精度が所定の精度になるように定めた電圧精度範囲内に設定され、且つ前記第2の所定の電圧は前記第1の所定の電圧に対して所定の電位差で高く設定されていることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2のいずれか一項に記載のスイッチング電源装置。
- 1次側に入力された交流電源を2次側の複数の直流電源に変換して出力するスイッチング電源装置において、
前記複数の直流電源のうち1つの直流電源は、その出力電圧を1次側にフィードバックして安定化する電圧安定化手段を有した安定化出力であり、前記複数の直流電源のうち残りの他の直流電源は、その出力電圧を1次側にフィードバックする電圧安定化手段を有しない非安定化出力であり、前記安定化出力と前記非安定化出力の間には、交互にオン・オフを繰り返す第1のスイッチ素子、第2のスイッチ素子およびリアクトルを有する昇降圧コンバータが接続され、前記昇降圧コンバータは前記非安定化出力の出力電圧に応じて、前記安定出力と前記非安定出力間で電力の授受を切り替えることを特徴とするスイッチング電源装置。 - 前記昇降圧コンバータは、前記安定化出力の出力電圧と、前記非安定化出力の出力電圧の比に対応した一定のデューティー比で前記第1のスイッチ素子、第2のスイッチ素子をオン・オフさせることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のスイッチング電源装置。
- 前記昇降圧コンバータは、前記非安定化出力の出力電圧が、所定の電圧となるように前期第1のスイッチ素子、第2のスイッチ素子のデューティー比を制御することを特徴とする請求項4に記載のスイッチング電源装置。
- 前記昇降圧コンバータは、前記リアクトルに流れる電流を検出する手段を備え、前記第1のスイッチ素子および第2のスイッチ素子のそれぞれのオン期間において、前記リアクトルに流れる電流を所定の電流値で制限することを特徴とする請求項4乃至6のいずれか一項に記載のスイッチング電源装置。
- 前記昇降圧コンバータは、前記リアクトルに流れる電流を検出する手段を備え、前記非安定化出力の出力電圧が所定の電圧となるように、前記第1のスイッチ素子および第2のスイッチ素子のそれぞれのオン期間において、前記リアクトルに流れる電流のピーク値を制御することを特徴とする請求項4乃至6のいずれか一項に記載のスイッチング電源装置。
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JP2010548271A JP5402945B2 (ja) | 2009-02-02 | 2009-12-17 | スイッチング電源装置 |
US13/145,889 US8644036B2 (en) | 2009-02-02 | 2009-12-17 | Multi-output switching power supply device having a step-up/down converter between a stabilized output and a non-stabilized output |
CN200980147080.0A CN102224665B (zh) | 2009-02-02 | 2009-12-17 | 开关电源装置 |
KR1020117008753A KR101185002B1 (ko) | 2009-02-02 | 2009-12-17 | 스위칭 전원장치 |
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Cited By (1)
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US10690705B2 (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2020-06-23 | Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company | Power converter for a thermal system |
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TWI458236B (zh) * | 2012-04-30 | 2014-10-21 | Univ Yuan Ze | 單輸入多輸出直流/直流轉換器 |
CN102655378B (zh) * | 2012-05-08 | 2014-06-04 | 成都芯源***有限公司 | 一种隔离式电压转换器电路及其控制方法 |
CN103595252B (zh) * | 2012-08-13 | 2016-03-09 | 艾默生网络能源有限公司 | 一种电源反馈装置 |
JP6160547B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-10 | 2017-07-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 電力変換装置及び電力変換方法 |
US20150357920A1 (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2015-12-10 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Generation and regulation of multiple voltage auxiliary source |
WO2016030933A1 (ja) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-03-03 | 富士電機株式会社 | 電力変換装置 |
TWI628896B (zh) | 2016-12-12 | 2018-07-01 | 群光電能科技股份有限公司 | 具有寬範圍輸出電壓之充電器 |
FR3071979B1 (fr) * | 2017-10-02 | 2021-09-24 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | Dispositif d'alimentation electrique pour une prise murale pourvue d'un connecteur et prise murale pourvue d'un connecteur et comprenant un tel dispositif d'alimentation electrique |
JP2021191079A (ja) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-13 | ミツミ電機株式会社 | 直流電源装置およびそれに用いる電流安定化回路並びに電源ラインのノイズ抑制方法 |
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- 2009-12-17 CN CN200980147080.0A patent/CN102224665B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US8644036B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 |
KR20110056329A (ko) | 2011-05-26 |
CN102224665A (zh) | 2011-10-19 |
CN102224665B (zh) | 2014-06-18 |
KR101185002B1 (ko) | 2012-10-02 |
JP5402945B2 (ja) | 2014-01-29 |
US20110278925A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
JPWO2010086946A1 (ja) | 2012-07-26 |
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