WO2010054534A1 - Mixing apparatus for ship flow-guiding propulsion system - Google Patents

Mixing apparatus for ship flow-guiding propulsion system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010054534A1
WO2010054534A1 PCT/CN2009/001245 CN2009001245W WO2010054534A1 WO 2010054534 A1 WO2010054534 A1 WO 2010054534A1 CN 2009001245 W CN2009001245 W CN 2009001245W WO 2010054534 A1 WO2010054534 A1 WO 2010054534A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow
pipe
tube
jet
ship
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PCT/CN2009/001245
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
孙志伟
Original Assignee
Sun Zhiwei
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Publication of WO2010054534A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010054534A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/32—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
    • B63B1/40—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by diminishing wave resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
    • B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
    • B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
    • B63H1/14—Propellers
    • B63H1/28—Other means for improving propeller efficiency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H11/00—Marine propulsion by water jets
    • B63H11/02—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/16—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers characterised by being mounted in recesses; with stationary water-guiding elements; Means to prevent fouling of the propeller, e.g. guards, cages or screens
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of ship propulsion, in particular to solving the jet problem in the ship propulsion technology, especially the diversion propulsion technology, for improving the flow field of the ship and its propulsion system, thereby reducing the wave resistance of the ship. And a flow mixing device that improves the propulsion efficiency of the ship. Background technique
  • Ships are used in a wide variety of applications, such as transportation, fisheries, engineering, marine development, and military. This requires a wide variety of high performance vessels.
  • the main performance of the ship such as rapidity, maneuverability, seakeeping and economy, is mainly influenced and restricted by the ship type and propulsion system. Under the current state of the art, the high performance of a ship is mainly referred to as rapidity, and often at the expense of economy.
  • the existing ship propulsion technology is mainly two series of propeller propulsion and water jet propulsion.
  • the working process of the water jet propulsion system is mainly that the water is sucked in by the water inlet, pressurized by the propulsion pump, and finally ejected from the water spout.
  • This can be said to be a diversion propulsion system.
  • the velocity of these injected waters relative to the ship is much greater than the speed of the ship's wake, especially the ankle flow. This creates a jet phenomenon.
  • the energy of the jet eventually dissipates in the wake of the ship. Not only that, but the jet will also worsen the flow field of the ship's crotch and increase the wave resistance.
  • the ship's concrete pressure surface is communicated by pipes to reduce the pressure difference and reduce the wave-making resistance. It is also possible to install a water pump in the pipe to actively reduce the pressure difference and further reduce the wave resistance. . Broadly speaking, this is also a diversion propulsion system, which can be called a diversion propulsion system. Due to the difference in pressure and the effect of pump pressurization, the flow of water through this pipe creates a jet phenomenon.
  • the water jet propulsion system is a conventional ship diversion propulsion system, and is a relatively mature prior art widely used; and the ⁇ diversion propulsion system is an ideal ship diversion propulsion system. It is also a ship propulsion technology that is mainly in the theoretical and experimental stages and needs further improvement. If the ⁇ pilot propulsion system is independent, or there is no propeller or pump wheel behind it, then when it is equipped with a water pump, this is a diversion main propulsion system; if it does not have a pump, then it is A flow guiding auxiliary propulsion system.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing marine propulsion technology, especially the diversion propulsion technology, has a jet problem. If the energy of the jet cannot be recovered or utilized, or the speed of the jet is reduced, the propulsion efficiency of the vessel or the efficiency of the diversion propulsion system is encountered as a bottleneck that is difficult to break through.
  • the mixed flow device of the ship's diversion propulsion system mainly consists of a jet pipe, a companion pipe and a mixed flow pipe.
  • the spout of the jet pipe and the outlet of the companion pipe are connected with the mixed flow pipe, and the inlet of the flow pipe is in the jet pipe.
  • the cross section of the jet tube is smaller than the cross section of the mixing tube.
  • the invention also has the following technical features:
  • the nozzle of the jet tube may be a conventional straight flat end surface, and a vacuum is generated in the vicinity of the straight flat end surface due to the entrainment action of the jet flow, so that the accompanying flow generates an induced velocity of the impinging jet, and at the same time, a vortex is generated, and the mixed flow effect is compared.
  • the spout of the jet tube is from the outside to the end of the streamline, that is, the outer tube of the spout faces the inner tube surface in a streamlined transition, which also causes the induced flow of the impinging jet to induce the velocity, and the mixed flow effect is slightly worse;
  • the end face of the spout may have a groove connecting the inner and outer tube faces to increase the turbulence intensity and thereby improve the mixed flow effect.
  • the inlet of the wake-up pipe is open at the bottom or side of the ship, below the surface of the water. In this way, the ship's companion flow can be fully utilized.
  • the inlet of the wake tube is or is approximately rectangular or elliptical, and its long axis is in the direction of the ship's accompanying flow. This makes it possible to take full advantage of the relative speed of the ship's wake and reduce the local resistance of the inlet of the wake.
  • the inlet of the wake pipe has a grille to filter to prevent blockage or damage of the pipe by foreign matter.
  • the inlet portion of the wake tube is a bell mouth, which is streamlined, and is offset and extended toward the flow direction of the ship accompanying flow. This makes it possible to make full use of the relative speed of the ship's wake, and to reduce the local resistance of the wake, so that the wake has better hydrodynamic performance.
  • the wake tube has an elbow, and the outlet of the elbow is in communication with the inlet of the mixed flow tube.
  • the jet tube passes through the wall of the elbow of the companion tube, and the companion tube and the mixed flow tube are bounded by the spout of the jet tube.
  • the elbow of the accompanying flow tube has guiding and rectifying action. After the ship's wake-up enters the inlet of the wake-up pipe, it becomes the wake of the jet. After the flow of the accompanying flow through the outlet of the curved pipe of the accompanying flow pipe, the flow can be sufficiently contacted with the jet around the nozzle of the flow pipe, thereby improving the effect of the mixed flow.
  • the outlet of the wake-up pipe is open to the pipe wall of the mixed flow pipe, and the jet pipe passes through the closed end face of the mixed flow pipe or the pipe wall of the mixed flow pipe in the vicinity thereof.
  • the contact between the jet and the accompanying flow is uneven and insufficient, but the accompanying flow has an impact on the jet, and the mixed flow effect is slightly worse.
  • Its disadvantage is that energy loss or pressure difference loss is large, and the flow rate of the mixed flow tube is small.
  • the outlet portion of the mixed flow pipe is a bell mouth, which is streamlined, so that the mixed water flow generates a radial induction speed, which can be used to improve the crotch flow field of the ship, and the propulsion efficiency is better.
  • the bellows of the mixed flow tube has a fluid distribution and is streamlined, and is fixed on the wall of the mixed flow tube by a bracket.
  • the cross section of its bracket is also streamlined to reduce drag.
  • the fluid separation itself can be asymmetrical, and its position can also be asymmetrical, to match the bell mouth. Its function is to make the speed of the mixed water flow more uniform, to distribute the flow of the mixed water flow in its circumferential direction, to make the mixed water flow to have a radial guiding speed, and to function as a grid when the water flows backward. Therefore, the fluid separation in the bell mouth of the mixed flow tube can make the effect of the mixed flow better, and further improve the flow field of the ship's ankle.
  • the mixed flow tube is deflected in a contralateral direction with respect to the center line of the flow tube in the opposite side of the inlet of the flow tube, and its deflection angle is smaller than the angle of the flow direction of the accompanying flow entering the mixed flow tube with respect to the center line of the flow tube.
  • the end of the spout of the jet tube is deflected toward the deflecting direction of the mixing tube. In this way, the mixed flow is started and strengthened on this side, and the jet is deflected to the side to reduce the impact of the jet on the pipe wall, so that a better mixed flow effect can be achieved.
  • the outlet of the mixed flow tube when there is a propeller or pump wheel behind, the structure and arrangement of the entire flow mixing device is more complicated. Miscellaneous.
  • the propeller or pump wheel requires a drive shaft to drive, so the direction and arrangement of the drive shaft will affect the structure and arrangement of the flow mixing device. If the drive shaft passes through the jet tube or the companion tube, the structure of the flow mixing device will be complicated, the required power equipment and the like are also difficult to arrange, and the local resistance of the jet tube or the accompanying flow tube is increased, and the hydrodynamic performance is deteriorated. If the drive shaft only passes through the mixed flow tube, not only the structure and arrangement of the flow mixing device are relatively simplified, but also the effect of mixing and deceleration is better.
  • the drive shaft of the propeller or pump impeller and its shaft tube pass through the pipe wall of the mixed flow pipe, the shaft tube is fixed and sealed on the pipe wall of the mixed flow pipe, and the drive shaft protrudes from the outlet of the mixed flow pipe at the end of the drive shaft A propeller or pump wheel is installed.
  • the centerline of the drive shaft intersects the centerline of the mixing tube at an angle that intersects the front of the propeller or pump impeller.
  • the centerline of the drive shaft is often parallel to the centerline of the jet tube, so they have to be separated by a certain distance; of course, the two lines can also have a certain angle of intersection, but the greater the angle of intersection, the less efficient.
  • the flow tube may have multiple sets distributed around the jet tube. These flow tubes can have a common rectification portion, and the outlet of the rectification portion is connected to the inlet of the mixed flow tube, and the mixed flow effect is good. Alternatively, the flow tubes are directly connected to the mixed flow tube around the spout of the jet tube, and the mixed flow effect is slightly worse.
  • the jet entering the mixed flow chamber through the jet tube and the spout thereof is water having higher energy; and the companion flow entering the companion through the inlet of the companion tube is no energy or has lower energy. Water, this part of the water also enters the mixed flow chamber through the guiding and rectifying action of the accompanying flow tube.
  • the mixed flow chamber through the complex interaction processes such as entrainment, impact, shearing, viscous, vortexing and rectification, the two different energy waters are thoroughly mixed, and the original jet passes through the energy transfer and consumption. The speed is greatly reduced, and the original wake is increased in speed due to the energy obtained.
  • the speed of the mixed water flow is relatively uniform, and the speed of the original jet is relatively low.
  • the beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that the flow rate of the water flowing through the mixing device is lower than that of the water flowing through the nozzle, and the flow rate is increased, thereby improving the flow field of the crotch of the ship and reducing the wave-making resistance of the crotch; or improving The flow field in front of the propeller or pump impeller improves the propulsion efficiency and also reduces the hazards of cavitation and water hammer.
  • the companion pipe draws in the water flow
  • the water flow outside the inlet of the companion pipe produces an induction velocity, which in turn Inducing pressure, this induction speed or induced pressure can be used to further improve the crotch flow field of the ship and reduce the wave-making resistance of the crotch.
  • the improvement of propulsion efficiency by the mixed flow device of the ship's diversion propulsion system is not only reflected in the increase of thrust, but also in the improvement of the flow field.
  • the problem that the propulsion efficiency is difficult to be greatly improved due to the jet phenomenon is solved. It makes the phenomenon of jets generated during the propulsion process of the ship profitable, while reducing the hazards of the wave and the wake and noise of the ship.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the mixing device at the rear of the water jet propulsion system.
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the mixing device in front of the propeller or pump impeller.
  • the jet tube 1. 1. The spout of the jet tube, 2. The companion tube, 2. The inlet of the companion tube, 2. The bell mouth of the companion tube, 2 3. Elbow of the accompanying flow tube, 3. Mixed flow tube, 3. 1 mixed flow part of the mixed flow tube, 3. 2 bell mouth of the mixed flow tube, 3. 3 outlet of the mixed flow tube, 3. 4, mixed flow chamber, 3. 5, divided fluid, 4, propeller or pump wheel, 5, drive shaft, 6, shaft tube.
  • the mixing device at the rear of the water jet propulsion system is mainly composed of a jet pipe 1, a companion pipe 2 and a mixed flow pipe 3.
  • the flow tube 1 of the flow mixing device is equivalent to the original water spray pipe;
  • the flow tube 2 includes a bell mouth of the flow tube 2. 2 and the curved tube of the accompanying flow tube 2. 3;
  • the mixed flow tube 3 includes a mixed flow tube 5 ⁇
  • the mixing portion 3. 1 and the bellows of the mixing tube 3. 2, in the bell mouth of the mixing tube 3.2 has a fluid separation 3.5 and its support.
  • the propulsion pump of the water jet propulsion system is started, the positive pressure difference is transmitted from the propulsion pump through the jet tube 1 to the mixing chamber 3. 4, the water in the mixing chamber 3.4 is generated by the positive pressure difference.
  • the induction rate of the outlet of the tube of 3.3 also the rate of induction of the inlet 2.1 to the inlet tube.
  • the water flows from the spout 1.1 of the jet tube to form a jet.
  • the jet increases the water flow rate from the mixing chamber 3. 4 to the outlet of the mixing tube. Under the action of the entrainment of the jet, a negative pressure difference is generated in the mixing chamber 3.4 around the nozzle 1 of the jet tube.
  • This negative pressure difference decelerates the jet, or the jet consumes a portion of the energy to create a negative pressure differential.
  • This negative pressure difference replaces the positive pressure difference, resulting in an induction rate from the inlet of the wake tube 2. 1 to the mixing chamber 3. 4 .
  • the jet and the companion flow together in the mixed flow chamber 3. 4, achieving a better mixed flow effect.
  • the mixing device at the rear of the water jet propulsion system not only reduces the speed of the original jet, but also increases the flow rate of the propulsion system, which is beneficial to improve the crotch flow field of the ship and reduce the wave-making resistance of the crotch;
  • the induction velocity and induced pressure generated by the outer side of the inlet 2.1 can also be used to further improve the ankle flow field and improve the propulsion efficiency.
  • the induction velocity of the flow mixing chamber 3.4 is also induced by the water in the vicinity of the inlet of the flow tube.
  • the water in the vicinity of the outlet of the mixing tube 3. 3 smoothly flows to the mixing chamber 3. 4; and the inlet of the accompanying flow tube 2.
  • the water in the vicinity of the outlet of the mixing tube is smoothly flowing to the mixing chamber 3. 4;
  • the flow rate and flow rate are much smaller because of the blockage of the local resistance.
  • the speed of the ship retreating is getting faster and faster, and the difference is so large that the flow in the companion tube 2 is reversed and there is a speed from the mixing chamber 3.4 to the inlet of the companion tube 2.1. . Therefore, when the ship is reversing, the flow mixing device at the rear of the water jet propulsion system basically does not deteriorate the flow field of the crotch, and there is even improvement.
  • the mixing device in front of the propeller or the pump impeller is mainly composed of the jet pipe 1, the companion pipe 2 and the mixed flow pipe 3.
  • the jet tube 1 is equivalent to the original sprinkler pipe;
  • the companion tube 2 includes the bell mouth of the companion tube 2. 2 and the elbow of the companion tube 2. 3;
  • the mixed flow tube 3 is mainly the mixed flow part of the mixed flow tube 3 .
  • the mixing tube 3 is deflected with respect to the center line of the jet tube 1 in the opposite direction of the inlet 2.1 of the companion tube, and its deflection angle is smaller than the angle of the flow direction of the companion flowing into the mixing tube 3 with respect to the center line of the jet tube 1. .
  • the nozzle of the jet tube 1. The end of 1 is deflected toward the deflection direction of the mixing tube 3.
  • the outlet of the mixing tube 3. 3 has a propeller or pump wheel 4 behind it.
  • the drive shaft 5 of the propeller or pump impeller 4 passes through the mixed flow tube 3, which not only simplifies the structure and arrangement of the flow mixing device, but also makes the effect of mixing and deceleration better.
  • the drive shaft 5 is fixedly connected to the propeller or pump impeller 4 after passing through the wall of the mixing tube 3, the mixing chamber 3. 4 and the outlet of the mixing tube 3. 3.
  • the centerline of the drive shaft 5 is parallel to the centerline of the jet tube 1, so they are separated by a certain distance.
  • the center line of the drive shaft 5 intersects the center line of the mixing tube 3 at an angle, intersecting the front of the propeller or pump wheel 4.
  • the sealing problem of a mixed flow chamber 3.4 is present when the drive shaft 5 passes through the wall of the mixing tube 3.
  • the solution is to first pass the shaft tube 6 from the wall of the mixed flow tube 3, fix and seal the two, and then pass the drive shaft 5 through the shaft tube 6, and the shaft 5 of the drive shaft 5
  • the bearings at both ends are positioned relative to the shaft tube 6, and the outer side of the bearing has an oil seal, close to the spiral
  • a drain pipe is arranged between the oil seal and the water seal.
  • the shaft tube 6 can be long or short, and the length means that the shaft tube 6 extends to the outside of the outlet of the mixed flow tube 3. 3.
  • the shaft tube 6 requires a shaft tube bracket for reinforcement; short means that there is only one near the tube wall of the mixed flow tube 3.
  • the drive shaft 5 also needs a shaft bracket for positioning; not long or short means that the shaft tube 6 has not yet extended out of the outlet of the mixed flow tube 3.
  • the shaft tube 6 requires a shaft tube bracket to be reinforced and the drive shaft 5 requires a shaft bracket to Positioning.
  • the shaft tube bracket is also required to be reinforced.
  • the mixing device of the ship's diversion propulsion system in front of the propeller or pump impeller 4 not only reduces the speed of the original jet, but also increases the flow rate of the propulsion system, which is beneficial to improve the flow field before the propeller or pump impeller 4, and improves the propulsion efficiency.
  • the induced velocity or induced pressure generated by the water flow outside the inlet of the companion tube can be used to further improve the turbulent flow field of the vessel and reduce the wave-making resistance of the ankle.
  • the inlet of the companion pipe is relatively close to the propeller or the pump impeller 4, and the hydrodynamic performance of the companion flow tube 2 is relatively good, when the propeller or the pump impeller 4 is positively started or accelerated, the accompanying flow
  • the presence of the tube 2 and its accompanying flow can effectively reduce the magnitude and velocity of the pressure drop before the propeller or pump wheel 4. This reduces the occurrence of cavitation and reduces the risk of cavitation.
  • the propeller or pump impeller 4 is decelerating, stopping or reversing, a water hammer will occur, but the intensity of the water hammer will increase in turn.
  • the companion tube 2 and the mixed flow tube 3 are relatively short, the water hammer effect itself is weak, and the water hammer effect caused by the jet tube 1 and the pipe in front thereof can be greatly alleviated. Therefore, the improvement of the flow field before the propeller or pump impeller 4 by the mixed flow device of the ship diversion propulsion system is not only reflected in the improvement of propulsion efficiency, but also reduces the hazards of cavitation and water hammer.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

A mixing apparatus for a ship flow-guiding propulsion system is provided to solve the jet flow problem of the ship flow-guiding propulsion system. It is composed of three parts a jet pipe (1), a wake pipe (2), and a mixing pipe (3), wherein a nozzle (11) of the jet pipe and an outlet of the wake pipe both are communicated with the mixing pipe. The inlet (21) of the wake pipe is disposed at the side of the jet pipe. The cross section of the jet pipe is smaller than that of mixing pipe. The jet flow and the wake flow are mixed in the mixing chamber. Compared with the flow through the jet nozzle, the flow speed of the flow through the outlet of the mixing pipe is lower and the flow quantity is increased. Thus the stern flow field of the ship is improved and the wave resistance is reduced. Alternatively, the flow field ahead of the screw or impeller is improved, the propulsive efficiency is increased and the damage caused by the cavitation and the water hammer is decreased. The induced velocity and the induced pressure produced by the outside flow of the wake pipe inlet can be used to further improve the stern flow field of the ship and reduce the stern wave resistance.

Description

船舶导流推进***的混流装置 技术领域  Mixed flow device for ship diversion propulsion system
本发明属于船舶推进技术领域， 具体地说是一种用于解决船舶推进技术特别是导流推进 技术中的射流问题， 用以改善船舶及其推进***的流场， 从而降低船舶的兴波阻力和提高船 舶的推进效率的混流装置。 背景技术  The invention belongs to the technical field of ship propulsion, in particular to solving the jet problem in the ship propulsion technology, especially the diversion propulsion technology, for improving the flow field of the ship and its propulsion system, thereby reducing the wave resistance of the ship. And a flow mixing device that improves the propulsion efficiency of the ship. Background technique
船舶的用途非常广泛， 如运输、 渔业、 工程、 海洋开发以及军事等。 这就需要各种各样 的高性能的船舶。 船舶的主要性能如快速性、 操纵性、 耐波性以及经济性， 主要受到船型和 推进***的影响和制约。 在现有技术条件下， 船舶的高性能主要是指快速性， 而且往往要以 牺牲经济性为代价。  Ships are used in a wide variety of applications, such as transportation, fisheries, engineering, marine development, and military. This requires a wide variety of high performance vessels. The main performance of the ship, such as rapidity, maneuverability, seakeeping and economy, is mainly influenced and restricted by the ship type and propulsion system. Under the current state of the art, the high performance of a ship is mainly referred to as rapidity, and often at the expense of economy.
现有的船舶推进技术主要是螺旋桨推进和喷水推进两大系列。 喷水推进***的工作过程 主要是， 水由进水口吸入， 经推进泵加压， 最后从喷水口喷射而出。 因而， 这可以说是一种 导流推进***。 这些喷射出来的水相对于船舶的速度远远大于船舶伴流特别是艉部伴流的速 度。 这就形成了一种射流现象。 射流所具有的能量最终消散在船舶的尾流中。 不仅如此， 射 流还会使船舶的艉部流场恶化， 使兴波阻力增加。  The existing ship propulsion technology is mainly two series of propeller propulsion and water jet propulsion. The working process of the water jet propulsion system is mainly that the water is sucked in by the water inlet, pressurized by the propulsion pump, and finally ejected from the water spout. Thus, this can be said to be a diversion propulsion system. The velocity of these injected waters relative to the ship is much greater than the speed of the ship's wake, especially the ankle flow. This creates a jet phenomenon. The energy of the jet eventually dissipates in the wake of the ship. Not only that, but the jet will also worsen the flow field of the ship's crotch and increase the wave resistance.
另外， 船舶在前进时， 艏部增压兴波而艉部减压兴波， 如果是后退， 情形正好相反。 现 有的技术是， 船舶的艏艉受压面用管道来沟通， 用以降低压差， 减少兴波阻力； 还可以在此 管道中设置水泵， 用于主动降低压差， 进一步减少兴波阻力。 广义地说， 这也是一种导流推 进***， 可以叫作艏艉导流推进***。 由于艏艉压差以及水泵增压的作用， 水流通过此管道 后就形成卞射流现象。 这些具有较高能量的射流， 如果直接进入船舶的艉部伴流， 那么也存 在着跟喷水推进***的射流一样的问题； 如果是进入后面的螺旋桨或泵轮， 那么这部分能量 不仅没有得到回收或利用， 而且会导致推进负荷的下降以及推进效率的降低。  In addition, when the ship is moving forward, the crotch is boosted and the crotch is decompressed. If it is backward, the situation is reversed. The existing technology is that the ship's concrete pressure surface is communicated by pipes to reduce the pressure difference and reduce the wave-making resistance. It is also possible to install a water pump in the pipe to actively reduce the pressure difference and further reduce the wave resistance. . Broadly speaking, this is also a diversion propulsion system, which can be called a diversion propulsion system. Due to the difference in pressure and the effect of pump pressurization, the flow of water through this pipe creates a jet phenomenon. These jets with higher energy, if directly entering the crotch of the ship, have the same problem as the jet of the water jet propulsion system; if it is a propeller or pump wheel that enters the rear, then this part of the energy is not only not obtained. Recycling or utilization, and will result in a decrease in propulsion load and a decrease in propulsion efficiency.
这里引进了一个船舶导流推进***的概念。 具体地说， 喷水推进***是一种常规的船舶 导流推进***， 也是一种广泛应用的比较成熟的现有技术； 而艏艉导流推进***是一种理想 的船舶导流推进***， 也是一种主要处于理论和实验阶段的有待于进一步完善的船舶推进技 术。 如果艏艉导流推进***是独立存在的， 或者说它的后面没有螺旋桨或泵轮， 那么当它本 身装有水泵时， 这就是一种导流主推进***； 如果它没有水泵， 那么它就是一种导流辅助推 进***。 艏艉导流推进***的后面如果有螺旋桨， 那么它就是一种导流子推进***， 它和螺 旋桨等一起构成了船舶的导流混合推进***； 如果后面有泵轮， 那么它也是一种导流子推进 ***， 它和喷水推进***一起构成了导流复合推进***。 发明内容  A concept of a ship's diversion propulsion system was introduced here. Specifically, the water jet propulsion system is a conventional ship diversion propulsion system, and is a relatively mature prior art widely used; and the 艏艉 diversion propulsion system is an ideal ship diversion propulsion system. It is also a ship propulsion technology that is mainly in the theoretical and experimental stages and needs further improvement. If the 艏艉 pilot propulsion system is independent, or there is no propeller or pump wheel behind it, then when it is equipped with a water pump, this is a diversion main propulsion system; if it does not have a pump, then it is A flow guiding auxiliary propulsion system. If there is a propeller behind the 艏艉 guide propulsion system, it is a kind of guide propulsion system, which together with the propeller and the like constitutes the ship's diversion hybrid propulsion system; if there is a pump wheel behind, it is also a guide The flow propulsion system, together with the water jet propulsion system, constitutes a diversion composite propulsion system. Summary of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是， 现有的船舶推进技术特别是导流推进技术存在着射流问 题。 如果不能回收或利用射流的能量或者降低射流的速度， 那么船舶的推进效率或者说导流 推进***效率的提升就遇到了难以突破的瓶颈。  The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing marine propulsion technology, especially the diversion propulsion technology, has a jet problem. If the energy of the jet cannot be recovered or utilized, or the speed of the jet is reduced, the propulsion efficiency of the vessel or the efficiency of the diversion propulsion system is encountered as a bottleneck that is difficult to break through.
为了解决在现有技术中存在的上述射流问题， 本发明是采用下述技术方案来实现的： 船 舶导流推进***的混流装置， 主要由射流管、 伴流管和混流管这三部分组成， 其中射流管的 喷口和伴流管的出口与混流管相连通， 伴流管的进口在射流管的侧面， 射流管的横截面小于 混流管的横截面。 In order to solve the above-described jet problem existing in the prior art, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: The mixed flow device of the ship's diversion propulsion system mainly consists of a jet pipe, a companion pipe and a mixed flow pipe. The spout of the jet pipe and the outlet of the companion pipe are connected with the mixed flow pipe, and the inlet of the flow pipe is in the jet pipe. On the side, the cross section of the jet tube is smaller than the cross section of the mixing tube.
本发明还具有以下技术特征：  The invention also has the following technical features:
所述射流管的喷口可以是常规的直平端面， 由于射流的卷吸作用在直平端面附近产生了 真空， 使伴流产生了冲击射流的诱导速度， 同时也产生了涡旋， 混流效果较好； 或者射流管 的喷口是由外到内的流线端面， 即喷口的外管面向内管面呈流线状过渡， 也使伴流产生了冲 击射流的诱导速度， 混流效果稍差一些； 喷口的端面可以有连通内外管面的沟槽， 用以增加 湍流强度从而提高混流效果。  The nozzle of the jet tube may be a conventional straight flat end surface, and a vacuum is generated in the vicinity of the straight flat end surface due to the entrainment action of the jet flow, so that the accompanying flow generates an induced velocity of the impinging jet, and at the same time, a vortex is generated, and the mixed flow effect is compared. Or; the spout of the jet tube is from the outside to the end of the streamline, that is, the outer tube of the spout faces the inner tube surface in a streamlined transition, which also causes the induced flow of the impinging jet to induce the velocity, and the mixed flow effect is slightly worse; The end face of the spout may have a groove connecting the inner and outer tube faces to increase the turbulence intensity and thereby improve the mixed flow effect.
所述伴流管的进口开口于船舶的船底或船舷， 在水面以下。 这样才能充分地利用船舶的 伴流。  The inlet of the wake-up pipe is open at the bottom or side of the ship, below the surface of the water. In this way, the ship's companion flow can be fully utilized.
所述伴流管的进口是或者近似是长方形或椭圆形， 并且其长轴在船舶伴流的方向上。 这 就能够充分利用船舶伴流的相对速度， 降低伴流管的进口的局部阻力。  The inlet of the wake tube is or is approximately rectangular or elliptical, and its long axis is in the direction of the ship's accompanying flow. This makes it possible to take full advantage of the relative speed of the ship's wake and reduce the local resistance of the inlet of the wake.
所述伴流管的进口具有格栅， 起过滤作用， 以防止异物对管道的阻塞或损害。  The inlet of the wake pipe has a grille to filter to prevent blockage or damage of the pipe by foreign matter.
所述伴流管的进口部分是喇叭口， 呈流线状， 向船舶伴流的来流方向偏移和延展。 这就 能够充分利用船舶伴流的相对速度， 并且降低伴流管的局部阻力， 使伴流管具有较好的水动 力性能。  The inlet portion of the wake tube is a bell mouth, which is streamlined, and is offset and extended toward the flow direction of the ship accompanying flow. This makes it possible to make full use of the relative speed of the ship's wake, and to reduce the local resistance of the wake, so that the wake has better hydrodynamic performance.
所述伴流管具有弯管， 弯管的出口与混流管的进口相连通。 射流管穿过伴流管的弯管的 管壁， 伴流管和混流管以射流管的喷口为界。 伴流管的弯管具有导向和整流作用。 船舶的伴 流从伴流管的进口进入后， 就成了射流的伴流。 伴流在流出伴流管的弯管的出口后， 就能够 在射流管的喷口周围与射流进行充分的接触， 提高了混流的效果。  The wake tube has an elbow, and the outlet of the elbow is in communication with the inlet of the mixed flow tube. The jet tube passes through the wall of the elbow of the companion tube, and the companion tube and the mixed flow tube are bounded by the spout of the jet tube. The elbow of the accompanying flow tube has guiding and rectifying action. After the ship's wake-up enters the inlet of the wake-up pipe, it becomes the wake of the jet. After the flow of the accompanying flow through the outlet of the curved pipe of the accompanying flow pipe, the flow can be sufficiently contacted with the jet around the nozzle of the flow pipe, thereby improving the effect of the mixed flow.
所述伴流管的出口开口于混流管的管壁， 射流管穿过混流管的封闭端面或其附近的混流 管的管壁。 在这种情况下， 射流和伴流的接触是不均匀和不充分的， 但是伴流对射流有冲击 作用， 混流效果稍差一些。 它的缺点是能量损耗或者压差损失较大， 而且混流管的流量较小。  The outlet of the wake-up pipe is open to the pipe wall of the mixed flow pipe, and the jet pipe passes through the closed end face of the mixed flow pipe or the pipe wall of the mixed flow pipe in the vicinity thereof. In this case, the contact between the jet and the accompanying flow is uneven and insufficient, but the accompanying flow has an impact on the jet, and the mixed flow effect is slightly worse. Its disadvantage is that energy loss or pressure difference loss is large, and the flow rate of the mixed flow tube is small.
所述混流管的出口部分是喇叭口， 呈流线状， 使混合水流产生径向的诱导速度， 可以用 来改善船舶的艉部流场， 会得到更好的推进效率。  The outlet portion of the mixed flow pipe is a bell mouth, which is streamlined, so that the mixed water flow generates a radial induction speed, which can be used to improve the crotch flow field of the ship, and the propulsion efficiency is better.
所述混流管的喇叭口中有分流体， 呈流线状， 用支架固定在混流管的管壁上。 它的支架 的横截面也是流线状的， 以减小阻力。 分流体本身可以是不对称的， 它的位置也可以是不对 称的， 要与喇叭口相配合。 它的作用是使混合水流的速度更均匀， 使混合水流的流量在其周 向进行分配， 使混合水流产生径向的引导速度， 并在水流倒流时起到格栅的作用。 所以说， 混流管的喇叭口中的分流体可以使混流的效果更好， 使船舶的艉部流场进一步改善。  The bellows of the mixed flow tube has a fluid distribution and is streamlined, and is fixed on the wall of the mixed flow tube by a bracket. The cross section of its bracket is also streamlined to reduce drag. The fluid separation itself can be asymmetrical, and its position can also be asymmetrical, to match the bell mouth. Its function is to make the speed of the mixed water flow more uniform, to distribute the flow of the mixed water flow in its circumferential direction, to make the mixed water flow to have a radial guiding speed, and to function as a grid when the water flows backward. Therefore, the fluid separation in the bell mouth of the mixed flow tube can make the effect of the mixed flow better, and further improve the flow field of the ship's ankle.
所述混流管， 相对于射流管的中心线在伴流管的进口的对侧方向上偏转， 它的偏转角度 小于进入混流管的伴流的流向相对于射流管的中心线的角度。 这样不仅能够更好地利用伴流 所具有的速度和能量， 用以减少能量的损耗和改善艉部的流场， 而且有利于螺旋桨或泵轮的 传动轴等的布置。  The mixed flow tube is deflected in a contralateral direction with respect to the center line of the flow tube in the opposite side of the inlet of the flow tube, and its deflection angle is smaller than the angle of the flow direction of the accompanying flow entering the mixed flow tube with respect to the center line of the flow tube. This not only makes better use of the speed and energy of the companion flow, but also reduces the loss of energy and improves the flow field of the ankle, and facilitates the arrangement of the propeller or the drive shaft of the pump impeller.
所述射流管的喷口的端面向混流管的偏转方向偏斜。 这样就使混流作用在这一侧先开始 并得到加强， 使射流向这一侧偏转， 用以减少射流对管壁的冲击， 可以达到更好的混流效果。  The end of the spout of the jet tube is deflected toward the deflecting direction of the mixing tube. In this way, the mixed flow is started and strengthened on this side, and the jet is deflected to the side to reduce the impact of the jet on the pipe wall, so that a better mixed flow effect can be achieved.
所述混流管的出口， 在其后有螺旋桨或泵轮的时候， 整个混流装置的结构和布置要更复 杂一些。 一般来说， 螺旋桨或泵轮都需要传动轴来传动， 因而传动轴的走向和布置就要影响 到混流装置的结构和布置。 如果传动轴通过射流管或者伴流管， 那么混流装置的结构将复杂 化， 所需的动力设备等也难以布置， 而且使射流管或者伴流管的局部阻力加大， 水动力性能 变差。 如果传动轴只是通过混流管， 那么不仅使混流装置的结构和布置相对简化， 而且使混 流和减速的效果更好。 螺旋桨或泵轮的传动轴及其轴管从混流管的管壁穿过， 轴管在混流管 的管壁上固定住并密封好， 传动轴从混流管的出口伸出， 在传动轴的末端安装有螺旋桨或泵 轮。 传动轴的中心线与混流管的中心线是成一定角度相交的， 相交于螺旋桨或泵轮的前面。 传动轴的中心线与射流管的中心线往往是平行的， 所以它们要离开一定距离； 当然， 这两条 线也可以有一定的交角， 但是交角越大效率越差。 The outlet of the mixed flow tube, when there is a propeller or pump wheel behind, the structure and arrangement of the entire flow mixing device is more complicated. Miscellaneous. In general, the propeller or pump wheel requires a drive shaft to drive, so the direction and arrangement of the drive shaft will affect the structure and arrangement of the flow mixing device. If the drive shaft passes through the jet tube or the companion tube, the structure of the flow mixing device will be complicated, the required power equipment and the like are also difficult to arrange, and the local resistance of the jet tube or the accompanying flow tube is increased, and the hydrodynamic performance is deteriorated. If the drive shaft only passes through the mixed flow tube, not only the structure and arrangement of the flow mixing device are relatively simplified, but also the effect of mixing and deceleration is better. The drive shaft of the propeller or pump impeller and its shaft tube pass through the pipe wall of the mixed flow pipe, the shaft tube is fixed and sealed on the pipe wall of the mixed flow pipe, and the drive shaft protrudes from the outlet of the mixed flow pipe at the end of the drive shaft A propeller or pump wheel is installed. The centerline of the drive shaft intersects the centerline of the mixing tube at an angle that intersects the front of the propeller or pump impeller. The centerline of the drive shaft is often parallel to the centerline of the jet tube, so they have to be separated by a certain distance; of course, the two lines can also have a certain angle of intersection, but the greater the angle of intersection, the less efficient.
所述伴流管可以有多套， 分布在射流管的周围。 这些伴流管可以有共同的整流部分， 整 流部分的出口再与混流管的进口相连通， 混流效果较好。 或者是， 这些伴流管直接在射流管 的喷口周围与混流管分别连通， 混流效果稍差一些。  The flow tube may have multiple sets distributed around the jet tube. These flow tubes can have a common rectification portion, and the outlet of the rectification portion is connected to the inlet of the mixed flow tube, and the mixed flow effect is good. Alternatively, the flow tubes are directly connected to the mixed flow tube around the spout of the jet tube, and the mixed flow effect is slightly worse.
在上述技术方案中， 通过射流管及其喷口而进入混流腔的射流是具有较高能量的水； 而 通过伴流管的进口进入伴流管的伴流是没有能量或者是有较低能量的水， 这部分水经过伴流 管的导向和整流作用也进入了混流腔。 在混流腔里， 经过卷吸、 冲击、 剪切、 粘滞、 涡旋以 及整流等复杂的相互作用过程， 这两部分不同能量的水得到充分混合， 其中原来的射流经过 能量的传递和消耗已经使其速度大大降低， 而原来的伴流由于获得了能量而提高了速度。 混 合水流的速度是比较均匀的， 相对于原来的射流的速度也是比较低的。  In the above technical solution, the jet entering the mixed flow chamber through the jet tube and the spout thereof is water having higher energy; and the companion flow entering the companion through the inlet of the companion tube is no energy or has lower energy. Water, this part of the water also enters the mixed flow chamber through the guiding and rectifying action of the accompanying flow tube. In the mixed flow chamber, through the complex interaction processes such as entrainment, impact, shearing, viscous, vortexing and rectification, the two different energy waters are thoroughly mixed, and the original jet passes through the energy transfer and consumption. The speed is greatly reduced, and the original wake is increased in speed due to the energy obtained. The speed of the mixed water flow is relatively uniform, and the speed of the original jet is relatively low.
上述技术方案的有益效果是， 通过混流装置的水流与通过喷口的水流相比， 速度降低而 流量提高， 因而改善了船舶的艉部流场， 降低了艉部的兴波阻力； 或者是改善了螺旋桨或泵 轮前的流场， 提高了推进效率， 同时也降低了空泡和水击的危害； 由于伴流管吸入水流， 在 伴流管的进口外侧的水流就产生了诱导速度， 进而转化成诱导压力， 这种诱导速度或诱导压 力可以用来进一步改善船舶的艉部流场， 降低艉部的兴波阻力。 所以说船舶导流推进***的 混流装置对推进效率的提升， 不仅体现在增加推力方面， 而且体现在改善流场方面。 这样一 来， 通过在船舶导流推进***中增加上述混流装置就解决了射流现象所导致的推进效率难以 大幅度提升的问题。 它使在船舶推进过程中所产生的射流现象化害为利， 同时减小了兴波的 危害以及船舶的尾迹和噪声。 附图说明  The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that the flow rate of the water flowing through the mixing device is lower than that of the water flowing through the nozzle, and the flow rate is increased, thereby improving the flow field of the crotch of the ship and reducing the wave-making resistance of the crotch; or improving The flow field in front of the propeller or pump impeller improves the propulsion efficiency and also reduces the hazards of cavitation and water hammer. As the companion pipe draws in the water flow, the water flow outside the inlet of the companion pipe produces an induction velocity, which in turn Inducing pressure, this induction speed or induced pressure can be used to further improve the crotch flow field of the ship and reduce the wave-making resistance of the crotch. Therefore, the improvement of propulsion efficiency by the mixed flow device of the ship's diversion propulsion system is not only reflected in the increase of thrust, but also in the improvement of the flow field. In this way, by adding the above-mentioned mixed flow device to the ship's diversion propulsion system, the problem that the propulsion efficiency is difficult to be greatly improved due to the jet phenomenon is solved. It makes the phenomenon of jets generated during the propulsion process of the ship profitable, while reducing the hazards of the wave and the wake and noise of the ship. DRAWINGS
图 1是喷水推进***后部的混流装置的纵剖图。  Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the mixing device at the rear of the water jet propulsion system.
图 2是螺旋桨或泵轮前的混流装置的纵剖图。  Figure 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the mixing device in front of the propeller or pump impeller.
图中符号代表的意义： 1、 射流管， 1. 1、 射流管的的喷口， 2、 伴流管， 2. 1、 伴流管的 进口， 2. 2、 伴流管的喇叭口， 2. 3、 伴流管的弯管， 3、 混流管， 3. 1 混流管的混流部分， 3. 2混流管的喇叭口， 3. 3混流管的出口， 3. 4、 混流腔， 3. 5、 分流体， 4、 螺旋桨或泵轮、 5、 传动轴， 6、 轴管。 具体实施  The meaning of the symbol in the figure: 1. The jet tube, 1. 1. The spout of the jet tube, 2. The companion tube, 2. The inlet of the companion tube, 2. The bell mouth of the companion tube, 2 3. Elbow of the accompanying flow tube, 3. Mixed flow tube, 3. 1 mixed flow part of the mixed flow tube, 3. 2 bell mouth of the mixed flow tube, 3. 3 outlet of the mixed flow tube, 3. 4, mixed flow chamber, 3. 5, divided fluid, 4, propeller or pump wheel, 5, drive shaft, 6, shaft tube. Specific implementation
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明做进一步说明。 实施例一 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Embodiment 1
如图 1所示， 喷水推进***后部的混流装置主要是由射流管 1、伴流管 2和混流管 3三部 分组成的。 这相当于把喷水推进***的喷水管升级为混流装置。 其中， 这个混流装置的射流 管 1就相当于原来的喷水管； 伴流管 2包括伴流管的喇叭口 2. 2和伴流管的弯管 2. 3； 混流 管 3包括混流管的混流部分 3. 1和混流管的喇叭口 3. 2， 在混流管的喇叭口 3. 2中有分流体 3. 5及其支架。  As shown in Fig. 1, the mixing device at the rear of the water jet propulsion system is mainly composed of a jet pipe 1, a companion pipe 2 and a mixed flow pipe 3. This is equivalent to upgrading the sprinkler pipe of the water jet propulsion system to a flow mixing device. Wherein, the flow tube 1 of the flow mixing device is equivalent to the original water spray pipe; the flow tube 2 includes a bell mouth of the flow tube 2. 2 and the curved tube of the accompanying flow tube 2. 3; the mixed flow tube 3 includes a mixed flow tube 5之间之间。 The mixing portion 3. 1 and the bellows of the mixing tube 3. 2, in the bell mouth of the mixing tube 3.2 has a fluid separation 3.5 and its support.
在喷水推进***的推进泵正向启动的瞬间， 正压差从推进泵经射流管 1 传递到混流腔 3. 4, 混流腔 3. 4里的水在正压差的作用下产生流向混流管的出口 3. 3的诱导速度， 也产生流 向伴流管的进口 2. 1的诱导速度。 同时水流从射流管的喷口 1. 1中涌出， 形成了射流。 射流 加大了从混流腔 3. 4到混流管的出口 3. 3的水流速度。 在射流的卷吸作用下， 在射流管的喷 口 1. 1的周围的混流腔 3. 4里产生负压差。 这个负压差， 使射流减速， 或者说射流消耗一部 分能量而产生了负压差。这个负压差取代了正压差，产生了从伴流管的进口 2. 1到混流腔 3. 4 的诱导速度。 这就形成了射流的伴流。 射流和伴流在混流腔 3. 4里共同作用， 达到了较好的 混流效果。 所以说喷水推进***后部的混流装置， 不仅降低了原来射流的速度， 而且提高了 推进***的流量， 有利于改善船舶的艉部流场和降低艉部的兴波阻力； 在伴流管的进口 2. 1 的外侧产生的诱导速度及诱导压力， 也可以用于进一步改善艉部流场和提高推进效率。  At the moment when the propulsion pump of the water jet propulsion system is started, the positive pressure difference is transmitted from the propulsion pump through the jet tube 1 to the mixing chamber 3. 4, the water in the mixing chamber 3.4 is generated by the positive pressure difference. The induction rate of the outlet of the tube of 3.3, also the rate of induction of the inlet 2.1 to the inlet tube. At the same time, the water flows from the spout 1.1 of the jet tube to form a jet. The jet increases the water flow rate from the mixing chamber 3. 4 to the outlet of the mixing tube. Under the action of the entrainment of the jet, a negative pressure difference is generated in the mixing chamber 3.4 around the nozzle 1 of the jet tube. This negative pressure difference decelerates the jet, or the jet consumes a portion of the energy to create a negative pressure differential. This negative pressure difference replaces the positive pressure difference, resulting in an induction rate from the inlet of the wake tube 2. 1 to the mixing chamber 3. 4 . This creates a wake of the jet. The jet and the companion flow together in the mixed flow chamber 3. 4, achieving a better mixed flow effect. Therefore, the mixing device at the rear of the water jet propulsion system not only reduces the speed of the original jet, but also increases the flow rate of the propulsion system, which is beneficial to improve the crotch flow field of the ship and reduce the wave-making resistance of the crotch; The induction velocity and induced pressure generated by the outer side of the inlet 2.1 can also be used to further improve the ankle flow field and improve the propulsion efficiency.
在喷水推进***的推进泵反向启动的时候， 负压差从推进泵经射流管 1 传递到混流腔 3. 4， 混流管的出口 3. 3附近的水产生流向混流腔 3. 4的诱导速度， 伴流管的进口 2. 1附近的 水也产生流 混流腔 3. 4的诱导速度。当混流腔 3. 4里的水从射流管 1的的喷口 1. 1进入时， 混流管的出口 3. 3附近的水就顺畅地流向混流腔 3. 4; 而伴流管的进口 2. 1附近的水在流入 射流管的喷口 1. 1时， 主要因为局部阻力的阻塞作用， 流速和流量都要小得多。 船舶倒退的 速度越来越快， 这种差别就越来越大， 以至于伴流管 2里的水流发生了逆转而有了从混流腔 3. 4到伴流管的进口 2. 1 的速度。 所以说， 在船舶倒退时， 喷水推进***后部的混流装置基 本上没有恶化艉部的流场， 甚至还有了改善。  5的水流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流流The induction velocity of the flow mixing chamber 3.4 is also induced by the water in the vicinity of the inlet of the flow tube. The water in the vicinity of the outlet of the mixing tube 3. 3 smoothly flows to the mixing chamber 3. 4; and the inlet of the accompanying flow tube 2. The water in the vicinity of the outlet of the mixing tube is smoothly flowing to the mixing chamber 3. 4; When the water near the flow is at the orifice of the incident flow tube 1.1, the flow rate and flow rate are much smaller because of the blockage of the local resistance. The speed of the ship retreating is getting faster and faster, and the difference is so large that the flow in the companion tube 2 is reversed and there is a speed from the mixing chamber 3.4 to the inlet of the companion tube 2.1. . Therefore, when the ship is reversing, the flow mixing device at the rear of the water jet propulsion system basically does not deteriorate the flow field of the crotch, and there is even improvement.
实施例二  Embodiment 2
如图 2所示，螺旋桨或泵轮前的混流装置主要是由射流管 1、伴流管 2和混流管 3三部分 组成的。 其中， 射流管 1就相当于原来的喷水管； 伴流管 2包括伴流管的喇叭口 2. 2和伴流 管的弯管 2. 3； 混流管 3主要是混流管的混流部分 3. 1。混流管 3相对于射流管 1的中心线在 伴流管的进口 2. 1的对侧方向偏转， 它的偏转角度小于进入混流管 3的伴流的流向相对于射 流管 1的中心线的角度。 射流管的喷口 1. 1的端面向混流管 3的偏转方向偏斜。  As shown in Fig. 2, the mixing device in front of the propeller or the pump impeller is mainly composed of the jet pipe 1, the companion pipe 2 and the mixed flow pipe 3. Wherein, the jet tube 1 is equivalent to the original sprinkler pipe; the companion tube 2 includes the bell mouth of the companion tube 2. 2 and the elbow of the companion tube 2. 3; the mixed flow tube 3 is mainly the mixed flow part of the mixed flow tube 3 . 1. The mixing tube 3 is deflected with respect to the center line of the jet tube 1 in the opposite direction of the inlet 2.1 of the companion tube, and its deflection angle is smaller than the angle of the flow direction of the companion flowing into the mixing tube 3 with respect to the center line of the jet tube 1. . The nozzle of the jet tube 1. The end of 1 is deflected toward the deflection direction of the mixing tube 3.
混流管的出口 3. 3的后面有螺旋桨或泵轮 4。 螺旋桨或泵轮 4的传动轴 5通过混流管 3， 不仅使混流装置的结构和布置相对简化， 而且使混流和减速的效果更好。 传动轴 5在穿过混 流管 3的管壁、 混流腔 3. 4和混流管的出口 3. 3后， 再固定连接螺旋桨或泵轮 4。 传动轴 5 的中心线与射流管 1的中心线是平行的， 所以它们要离开一定距离。 传动轴 5的中心线与混 流管 3的中心线则是成一定角度相交的， 相交于螺旋桨或泵轮 4的前面。  The outlet of the mixing tube 3. 3 has a propeller or pump wheel 4 behind it. The drive shaft 5 of the propeller or pump impeller 4 passes through the mixed flow tube 3, which not only simplifies the structure and arrangement of the flow mixing device, but also makes the effect of mixing and deceleration better. The drive shaft 5 is fixedly connected to the propeller or pump impeller 4 after passing through the wall of the mixing tube 3, the mixing chamber 3. 4 and the outlet of the mixing tube 3. 3. The centerline of the drive shaft 5 is parallel to the centerline of the jet tube 1, so they are separated by a certain distance. The center line of the drive shaft 5 intersects the center line of the mixing tube 3 at an angle, intersecting the front of the propeller or pump wheel 4.
传动轴 5穿过混流管 3的管壁时， 存在着一个混流腔 3. 4的密封问题。 其解决办法是， 首先将轴管 6从混流管 3的管壁上穿过， 将两者固定住并密封好， 然后将传动轴 5从轴管 6 中穿过， 传动轴 5用轴管 6两端的轴承相对于轴管 6来定位， 轴承的外侧有油封， 靠近螺旋 桨或者泵轮 4一侧的油封的外侧还有水封， 油封和水封之间有引流管。 轴管 6可长可短， 长 是指轴管 6延伸到混流管的出口 3. 3的外侧， 轴管 6就需要轴管支架来加固； 短是指仅在混 流管 3的管壁附近有一小段， 传动轴 5还需要轴支架来定位； 不长不短是指轴管 6还未伸出 混流管的出口 3. 3， 轴管 6需要轴管支架来加固而传动轴 5需要轴支架来定位。 轴管 6在混 流管外侧的部分较长时， 也需要轴管支架来加固。 The sealing problem of a mixed flow chamber 3.4 is present when the drive shaft 5 passes through the wall of the mixing tube 3. The solution is to first pass the shaft tube 6 from the wall of the mixed flow tube 3, fix and seal the two, and then pass the drive shaft 5 through the shaft tube 6, and the shaft 5 of the drive shaft 5 The bearings at both ends are positioned relative to the shaft tube 6, and the outer side of the bearing has an oil seal, close to the spiral There is a water seal on the outer side of the oil seal on the side of the paddle or the pump wheel 4, and a drain pipe is arranged between the oil seal and the water seal. The shaft tube 6 can be long or short, and the length means that the shaft tube 6 extends to the outside of the outlet of the mixed flow tube 3. 3. The shaft tube 6 requires a shaft tube bracket for reinforcement; short means that there is only one near the tube wall of the mixed flow tube 3. In the small section, the drive shaft 5 also needs a shaft bracket for positioning; not long or short means that the shaft tube 6 has not yet extended out of the outlet of the mixed flow tube 3. 3, the shaft tube 6 requires a shaft tube bracket to be reinforced and the drive shaft 5 requires a shaft bracket to Positioning. When the shaft tube 6 is long outside the mixing tube, the shaft tube bracket is also required to be reinforced.
当螺旋桨或泵轮 4正向启动的瞬间， 螺旋桨或泵轮 4的前面产生负压差。 负压差传递到 混流腔 3. 4， 使射流管 1里的水产生了流向混流腔 3. 4的诱导速度， 也使伴流管的进口 2. 1 附近的水产生了流向混流腔 3. 4的诱导速度。 当射流管的喷口 1. 1有射流产生时， 在其外侧 的混流腔 3. 4里就增加了一些负压差。 这些负压差使从伴流管的进口 2. 1到混流腔 3. 4的诱 导速度进一步增加， 形成了更大的伴流。 射流和伴流在混流腔 3. 4里共同作用， 达到了较好 的混流效果。 在螺旋桨或泵轮 4前的船舶导流推进***的混流装置， 不仅降低了原来射流的 速度， 而且提高了推进***的流量， 有利于改善螺旋桨或泵轮 4前的流场， 提高了推进效率。 在伴流管的进口 2. 1外侧的水流所产生的诱导速度或诱导压力可以用来进一步改善船舶的艉 部流场， 降低艉部的兴波阻力。  When the propeller or pump impeller 4 is started positively, a negative pressure difference is generated in front of the propeller or pump impeller 4. The differential pressure difference is transmitted to the mixing chamber 3.4, so that the water in the jet tube 1 generates a velocity of the induction flow to the mixing chamber 3.4, and also causes the water near the inlet of the companion tube to flow to the mixing chamber 3. 4 induction speed. When the jet nozzle of the jet tube has a jet, a negative pressure difference is added to the outer mixing chamber 3. These negative pressure differentials further increase the induction velocity from the inlet of the wakepipe 2. 1 to the mixing chamber 3. 4, resulting in a larger wake. The jet and the companion flow work together in the mixing chamber 3. 4 to achieve a better mixed flow effect. The mixing device of the ship's diversion propulsion system in front of the propeller or pump impeller 4 not only reduces the speed of the original jet, but also increases the flow rate of the propulsion system, which is beneficial to improve the flow field before the propeller or pump impeller 4, and improves the propulsion efficiency. . The induced velocity or induced pressure generated by the water flow outside the inlet of the companion tube can be used to further improve the turbulent flow field of the vessel and reduce the wave-making resistance of the ankle.
当螺旋桨或者泵轮 4反向启动时， 螺旋桨或者泵轮 4的前面产生正压差。 正压差传递到 混流腔 3. 4， 使混流腔 3. 4里的水产生流向伴流管的进口 2. 1的诱导速度， 也产生流向射流 管 1的诱导速度。 混流腔 3. 4里的水， 有些沿着伴流管 2从伴流管的进口 2. 1向斜下流出， 同时产生了向斜上的推力； 有些进入射流管 1， 如果再从艏部流出， 那么不仅产生了推力， 而且改善了艏部的流场， 降低了兴波阻力。  When the propeller or pump impeller 4 is reversely activated, a positive pressure difference is created in front of the propeller or pump impeller 4. The positive pressure difference is transmitted to the mixing chamber 3. 4, the water in the mixing chamber 3. 4 is generated to flow to the inlet of the companion tube 2. The induction speed of 1 also produces an induction velocity to the jet tube 1. The water in the mixing chamber 3.4, some of the water flowing down the inlet of the accompanying flow tube 2 from the mains 2.1, and the thrust on the oblique direction; some enter the jet tube 1, if it is from the crotch Outflow, then not only the thrust is generated, but also the flow field of the ankle is improved, and the wave resistance is reduced.
由于伴流管的进口 1. 1距离螺旋桨或泵轮 4相对来说比较近， 也由于伴流管 2的水动力 性能比较好， 当螺旋桨或泵轮 4正向启动或加速的瞬间， 伴流管 2及其伴流的存在能够有效 地降低了螺旋桨或泵轮 4前的压降的幅度和速度。 这就减少了空泡的发生， 也就减小了空泡 的危害。 当螺旋桨或泵轮 4正向减速、 停止或反转的瞬间， 就会有水击现象发生， 只是水击 的强度依次加大。 由于伴流管 2和混流管 3比较短， 其本身的水击效应就比较弱， 而且还可 以大大缓解由射流管 1及其前面的管道引起的水击效应。 所以说， 船舶导流推进***的混流 装置对螺旋桨或泵轮 4前的流场的改善， 不仅体现在推进效率的提高上， 而且减小了空泡和 水击的危害。  Since the inlet of the companion pipe is relatively close to the propeller or the pump impeller 4, and the hydrodynamic performance of the companion flow tube 2 is relatively good, when the propeller or the pump impeller 4 is positively started or accelerated, the accompanying flow The presence of the tube 2 and its accompanying flow can effectively reduce the magnitude and velocity of the pressure drop before the propeller or pump wheel 4. This reduces the occurrence of cavitation and reduces the risk of cavitation. When the propeller or pump impeller 4 is decelerating, stopping or reversing, a water hammer will occur, but the intensity of the water hammer will increase in turn. Since the companion tube 2 and the mixed flow tube 3 are relatively short, the water hammer effect itself is weak, and the water hammer effect caused by the jet tube 1 and the pipe in front thereof can be greatly alleviated. Therefore, the improvement of the flow field before the propeller or pump impeller 4 by the mixed flow device of the ship diversion propulsion system is not only reflected in the improvement of propulsion efficiency, but also reduces the hazards of cavitation and water hammer.

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 Claim
1、 船舶导流推进***的混流装置， 其特征是： 由射流管、 伴流管和混流管这三部分组 成， 其中射流管的喷口和伴流管的出口与混流管相连通， 伴流管的进口在射流管的侧面， 射 流管的横截面小于混流管的横截面。 1. The mixed flow device of the ship diversion propulsion system is characterized in that: the jet pipe, the companion pipe and the mixed flow pipe are composed of three parts, wherein the spout of the jet pipe and the outlet of the companion pipe are connected with the mixed flow pipe, and the flow pipe is connected The inlet is on the side of the jet tube, and the cross section of the jet tube is smaller than the cross section of the mixing tube.
2、 如权利要求 1所述的船舶导流推进***的混流装置， 其特征是： 伴流管具有弯管， 弯 管的出口与混流管的进口相连通， 射流管穿过弯管的管壁， 伴流管和混流管以射流管的喷口 为界。  2. The flow mixing device of a ship diversion propulsion system according to claim 1, wherein: the wake pipe has an elbow, the outlet of the elbow communicates with the inlet of the mixed pipe, and the jet pipe passes through the pipe wall of the elbow. The flow tube and the mixed flow tube are bounded by the spout of the jet tube.
3、如权利要求 1所述的船舶导流推进***的混流装置， 其特征是： 伴流管的出口开口于 混流管的管壁， 射流管穿过混流管的封闭端面或其附近的混流管的管壁。  3. The flow mixing device of a ship diversion propulsion system according to claim 1, wherein: the outlet of the flow pipe is open to the pipe wall of the mixed flow pipe, and the jet pipe passes through the closed end face of the mixed flow pipe or a mixed flow pipe near the mixed flow pipe. The wall of the pipe.
4、 如权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的船舶导流推进***的混流装置， 其特征是： 射流管的喷 口的端面有连通其内外管面的沟槽。  4. A flow mixing device for a ship diversion propulsion system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the end surface of the spout of the jet tube has a groove communicating with the inner and outer tube faces thereof.
5、 如权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的船舶导流推进***的混流装置， 其特征是： 伴流管的进 口部分是喇叭口， 呈流线状， 向船舶前进时的船舶伴流的来流方向偏移和延展。  5. The flow mixing device of a ship diversion propulsion system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the inlet portion of the flow pipe is a bell mouth and is streamlined, and the ship is accompanied by a ship when advancing toward the ship. The flow direction is offset and extended.
6、 如权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的船舶导流推进***的混流装置， 其特征是： 混流管的出 口部分是喇叭口， 呈流线状。  6. The flow mixing device of a ship diversion propulsion system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the outlet portion of the mixed flow pipe is a bell mouth and is streamlined.
7、 如权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的船舶导流推进***的混流装置， 其特征是： 相对于射流 管的中心线， 混流管向伴流管的进口的对侧偏转， 它的偏转角度小于伴流在进入混流管时的 流向相对于射流管的中心线的角度。  7. The flow mixing device of a ship diversion propulsion system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: opposite to the center line of the jet pipe, the mixed flow pipe is deflected to the opposite side of the inlet of the flow pipe, and its deflection The angle is less than the angle of the flow of the accompanying flow as it enters the mixing tube relative to the centerline of the jet.
8、如权利要求 7所述的船舶导流推进***的混流装置， 其特征是： 射流管的喷口的端面 向混流管的偏转方向偏斜。  A flow mixing device for a ship diversion propulsion system according to claim 7, wherein: the end face of the spout of the jet pipe is deflected toward the deflecting direction of the mixed flow pipe.
9、如权利要求 7所述的船舶导流推进***的混流装置， 其特征是： 螺旋桨或泵轮的传动 轴及其轴管从混流管的管壁穿过， 轴管在混流管的管壁上固定住并密封好， 传动轴穿过轴管， 传动轴用轴承相对于轴管来定位， 轴承的外侧有油封以及水封等密封措施， 传动轴从混流管 的出口伸出， 在传动轴的末端安装有螺旋桨或者泵轮。  9. The mixing device of the ship diversion propulsion system according to claim 7, wherein: the propeller or the pump shaft of the pump shaft and the shaft tube thereof pass through the wall of the mixed flow tube, and the shaft tube is in the wall of the mixed flow tube. It is fixed and sealed, the drive shaft passes through the shaft tube, and the drive shaft is positioned relative to the shaft tube. The outer side of the bearing has oil seals and water seals. The drive shaft extends from the outlet of the mixed flow tube. The end is fitted with a propeller or pump wheel.
10、 如权利要求 6所述的船舶导流推进***的混流装置， 其特征是： 在混流管的喇叭口 中有分流体， 呈流线状， 用支架固定在混流管的管壁上。  10. The flow mixing device of the ship diversion propulsion system according to claim 6, wherein: the fluid flow in the bell mouth of the mixed flow pipe is in a streamline shape, and is fixed on the pipe wall of the mixed flow pipe by a bracket.
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GB1466167A (en) * 1973-05-08 1977-03-02 Stoeckmann W Liquid jet propulsion device
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