WO2010023738A1 - 光非相反素子製造方法及び光非相反素子 - Google Patents
光非相反素子製造方法及び光非相反素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010023738A1 WO2010023738A1 PCT/JP2008/065331 JP2008065331W WO2010023738A1 WO 2010023738 A1 WO2010023738 A1 WO 2010023738A1 JP 2008065331 W JP2008065331 W JP 2008065331W WO 2010023738 A1 WO2010023738 A1 WO 2010023738A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/13—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method
- G02B6/132—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method by deposition of thin films
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/09—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
- G02F1/095—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect in an optical waveguide structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12035—Materials
- G02B2006/12061—Silicon
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
- G02B2006/12097—Ridge, rib or the like
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12133—Functions
- G02B2006/12157—Isolator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
- G02F1/212—Mach-Zehnder type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/06—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 integrated waveguide
- G02F2201/063—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 integrated waveguide ridge; rib; strip loaded
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/10—Materials and properties semiconductor
- G02F2202/105—Materials and properties semiconductor single crystal Si
Definitions
- This embodiment relates to an optical nonreciprocal element and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a method of manufacturing an optical nonreciprocal element by bonding a magnetic garnet to a Si waveguide layer on which a rib waveguide is formed by direct bonding (wafer bonding). .
- a hetero bond is usually formed by applying a heat treatment (for example, 800 ° C. to 900 ° C.) to the bonded substrate surface, but the substrate is shrunk by being cooled after the heat treatment, and cracks are likely to occur. Has the problem.
- a heat treatment for example, 800 ° C. to 900 ° C.
- Non-patent Document 1 When a magneto-optic material layer is bonded to a Si layer on which a waveguide is formed by wafer bonding, it is difficult to perform sufficient bonding at low temperatures, unlike when flat materials are bonded to each other by wafer bonding. .
- the optical nonreciprocal element manufacturing method of this embodiment includes a step of forming a magneto-optical material layer on a substrate, a step of forming a Si layer on the magneto-optical material layer, and a waveguide on the Si layer. And a step of magnetizing the magneto-optical material layer so that a non-reciprocal phase change can be caused in the light propagating through the waveguide.
- the step of magnetizing the magneto-optical material layer may be a step of magnetizing the magneto-optical material layer in a direction perpendicular to the light propagation direction of the waveguide.
- the magneto-optical material layer can be formed by magnetic garnet grown on the substrate.
- the optical nonreciprocal element of this embodiment includes a Si waveguide layer in which a waveguide is formed, and a magneto-optical material layer in contact with the surface of the Si waveguide layer opposite to the surface on which the waveguide is formed.
- the Si waveguide layer is obtained by forming a waveguide in a Si layer formed on the magneto-optic material layer, and the magneto-optic material layer propagates through the waveguide It is magnetized so as to cause a non-reciprocal phase change in the light.
- an optical nonreciprocal element composed of a Si waveguide layer and a magneto-optical material layer can be manufactured without using a wafer bonding process.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the present embodiment, and shows the structure of an optical isolator using the optical nonreciprocal phase shift effect.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a structure when cut along A-A ′ of FIG. 1.
- an optical isolator 100 includes a Si waveguide layer 1 on which a rib waveguide 3 is formed, and a surface of the Si waveguide layer 1 opposite to the surface on which the rib waveguide 3 is formed.
- the Si waveguide layer 1 is obtained by forming the Si waveguide (thickness of about 200 nm) on the magneto-optic material layer 2 and then forming the rib waveguide 3.
- magneto-optical material layer 2 a magneto-optical material obtained by crystal growth on an appropriate substrate 4 can be used.
- the magneto-optical material layer 2 is magnetized in a direction perpendicular to the light propagation direction of the rib waveguide 3 within the film surface so as to cause a non-reciprocal phase change in the light propagating through the rib waveguide 3.
- the portions corresponding to the two waveguides are magnetized so that the magnetization directions are opposite to each other.
- Magnetic field applying means 5 a pair of small permanent magnets or the like for applying a magnetic field is provided (see FIG. 2).
- FIG. 3 schematically showing the rib waveguide 3.
- the optical isolator 100 is multiplexed / demultiplexed by two tapered three-branch optical couplers, has two waveguides 21 and 22 between the two tapered three-branch optical couplers, and has a 90 ° reciprocal transition. It consists of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer including a phase shifter and a 90 ° nonreciprocal phase shifter.
- the tapered three-branch optical coupler may be an optical branch coupler called a so-called Y branch.
- the nonreciprocal phase shifter is realized by a layer structure of upper clad (air in this embodiment) / Si / magneto-optic material.
- the magnetization of the magneto-optical material layer 2 is oriented in the film plane and perpendicular to the light propagation direction, thereby causing a nonreciprocal phase shift effect in the propagating TM mode light.
- the nonreciprocal phase shifter is designed so that the difference in nonreciprocal phase change between the two waveguides 21 and 22 in the interferometer is 90 ° in the forward direction ( ⁇ 90 ° in the reverse direction).
- Such a design can be realized by adjusting the respective refractive indexes of the Si waveguide layer 1 and the magneto-optical material layer 2, the direction of magnetization applied to each waveguide, the propagation length at which the light wave receives the magneto-optical effect, and the like.
- the reciprocal phase shifter is realized by the optical path difference between the two waveguides in the interferometer, so that the difference in reciprocal phase change between the two waveguides 21 and 22 in the interferometer is ⁇ 90 °. Designed to.
- the TM mode light incident on the port 11 is branched into light waves having the same amplitude and phase by the input end side tapered three-branch optical coupler, and each light wave propagates in the forward direction through the waveguide 21 and the waveguide 22, respectively.
- the light wave propagating in the forward direction through the waveguide 21 and the waveguide 22 has a difference in phase change of 90 ° due to the nonreciprocal phase shift effect, but the difference is canceled out by the reciprocal phase shift effect of the same magnitude.
- light waves propagating in the forward direction through the waveguide 21 and the waveguide 22 are incident on the output end side tapered three-branch optical coupler with the same amplitude and phase, and are coupled to the port 12 and output.
- the TM mode light incident on the port 12 is branched into light waves having the same amplitude and the same phase by the output-end-side tapered three-branch optical coupler.
- Each light wave travels in the reverse direction through the waveguide 21 and the waveguide 22, respectively.
- a light wave propagating in the opposite direction through the waveguide 21 and the waveguide 22 has a difference in phase change of ⁇ 90 ° due to the nonreciprocal phase shift effect, and further, a difference in phase change of ⁇ 90 ° due to the reciprocal phase shift effect Is done.
- each light wave is coupled to and output from the port 13 and the port 14 instead of the port 11.
- TM mode light incident from the port 11 is output from the port 12, but TM mode light incident from the port 12 is not output from the port 11, so that an isolator operation is obtained between the port 11 and the port 12. .
- FIGS. 1 and 2 Next, a manufacturing process for obtaining the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the magneto-optical material layer 2 is formed by crystal growth on the substrate 4 corresponding to the magneto-optical material (FIG. 4A).
- a rare earth magnetic garnet hereinafter referred to as “magnetic garnet” represented by the composition formula R 3 Fe 5 O 12 (R represents a rare earth element)
- R 3 Fe 5 O 12 R represents a rare earth element
- the magnetic garnet layer 2 can be formed by liquid phase epitaxy.
- Si is deposited on the magneto-optical material layer 2 to form a Si layer (FIG. 4B).
- a film forming method a conventional thin film forming technique such as spin coating, spraying, or sputtering can be used.
- the waveguide pattern is transferred to the Si layer by photolithography, the rib waveguide 3 is formed by etching, and the Si waveguide layer 1 is formed (FIG. 4C).
- Various conventional techniques can be used for photolithography and etching.
- a planarization step may be provided after the magneto-optical material layer 2 or the Si layer is formed.
- the magneto-optical material layer 2 is magnetized so as to cause a non-reciprocal phase change in the light propagating through the rib waveguide 3 (FIG. 4D).
- Various conventional techniques can be used as the magnetization method.
- Magnetic field applying means 5 a pair of small permanent magnets or the like for applying a magnetic field from the outside is provided in the vicinity of the magneto-optical material layer 2.
- the magnetization of the magneto-optical material layer 2 may be performed after the formation of the magneto-optical material layer 2 and before the formation of the Si layer.
- FIG. 5 shows a nonreciprocal phase-shift effect (Nonreciprocal phase) in the case where the optical isolator 100 is configured with a layer structure of air / Si / Ce: YIG using Ce-substituted yttrium iron garnet (Ce: YIG) as a magneto-optical material. shift) calculation result.
- This calculation assumes that the thickness of the Ce: YIG layer is infinite (that is, the light wave is not affected by the garnet substrate). From this figure, when the thickness of the Si layer (Si thickness) is about 200 nm, the nonreciprocal phase shift effect is maximized and the element length (required propagation distance: Required propagation distance) is minimized.
- FIG. 6 shows the thickness of the Ce: YIG layer (Ce: YIG thickness) when the thickness of the Si layer is 200 nm, 300 nm, and 400 nm in the optical isolator 100 having a layer structure of air / Si / Ce: YIG / garnet substrate. ) Shows the calculation result of how the nonreciprocal phase shift effect changes. From this figure, it can be seen that the magnitude of the nonreciprocal phase shift effect is constant when the thickness of the Ce: YIG layer is greater than about 300 nm. Therefore, a stable nonreciprocal phase shift effect can be obtained by forming a Ce: YIG layer on the garnet substrate to a thickness of about 300 nm.
- the Si layer is formed on the magneto-optical material layer 2, and the Si waveguide layer 1 is formed by forming the rib waveguide 3 on the Si layer, the wafer bonding is performed.
- the optical isolator 100 composed of the Si waveguide layer 1 and the magneto-optic material layer 2 can be manufactured without using any treatment. Further, since the Si layer is formed directly on the magneto-optical material layer 2, the Si waveguide layer 1 and the magnetic layer are magnetically compared with the case where the Si waveguide layer and the magneto-optical material layer are bonded by wafer bonding. High adhesion between the optical material layer 2 and the optical isolator can be manufactured with good reproducibility.
- the present embodiment is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be variously modified and applied.
- the non-reciprocal phase shifter is designed so that the difference in non-reciprocal phase change between the two waveguides is 90 ° in the forward direction ( ⁇ 90 ° in the reverse direction).
- the phase shifter is designed to be ⁇ 90 °, but these signs may be reversed.
- an optical isolator is described as an example of an optical nonreciprocal element, but this embodiment is not limited to an optical isolator.
- an optical circulator utilizing a nonreciprocal phase shift effect can be configured in the optical isolator 100 of FIG. 1, when two tapered three-branch optical couplers are replaced with directional couplers, an optical circulator utilizing a nonreciprocal phase shift effect can be configured.
- the operation principle is the same as that of the optical isolator. That is, the non-reciprocal phase shift effect and the reciprocal phase shift effect cancel each other in the forward direction, and they are added together in the reverse direction, thereby realizing an optical circulator operation.
- the configuration of the optical isolator is not limited to that shown in FIG.
- an optical isolator using a nonreciprocal waveguide mode-radiation mode conversion which includes a Si waveguide layer having a linear rib waveguide
- the configuration of this embodiment (magneto-optics)
- a configuration in which the Si waveguide layer is formed on the Si layer formed on the material layer may be employed.
- the optical isolator shown in FIG. 7 includes a non-reciprocal phase shifter having a layer structure of a magneto-optical material magnetized in a direction perpendicular to Si / light propagation direction and at a predetermined angle with respect to the film surface.
- Non-reciprocal phase effect is generated in the TM mode light propagating through the waveguide.
- the waveguide parameters rib height, rib width, etc.
- FIG. It is the figure which showed the structure of the optical isolator 100 concerning a present Example. It is a fragmentary sectional view of the optical isolator 100 shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the rib waveguide 3 typically. 5 is a diagram for explaining a manufacturing process of the optical isolator 100.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the nonreciprocal phase shift effect at the time of using Ce: YIG as a magneto-optical material. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the thickness of a Ce: YIG layer, and the magnitude
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Abstract
Description
横井秀樹、他2名、「Si導波層を有する光非相反素子」、信学技報、電子情報通信学会、2004年2月、Vol.103、No.667(20040213)、pp.17-22
本実施態様は、上記の実施例に限定されることなく種々に変形して適用することが可能である。例えば、上記実施例では、非相反移相器について、2本の導波路における非相反な位相変化の差が、順方向において90°(逆方向において-90°)となるように設計し、相反移相器について、-90°となるように設計しているが、これらの符号が逆になっていてもよい。
Claims (4)
- 基板上に磁気光学材料層を成膜し、
前記磁気光学材料層の上にSi層を成膜し、
前記Si層に導波路を形成し、
前記導波路を伝播する光に非相反な位相変化を生じさせることができるように、前記磁気光学材料層を磁化する、光非相反素子製造方法。 - 前記磁気光学材料層を磁化することが、前記磁気光学材料層を前記導波路の光の伝播方向に対して垂直方向に磁化することである、請求の範囲第1項記載の光非相反素子製造方法。
- 前記磁気光学材料層が、前記基板上に結晶成長させた磁性ガーネットにより形成されている、請求の範囲第1項記載の光非相反素子製造方法。
- 導波路が形成されたSi導波層と、前記Si導波層の前記導波路が形成された面と反対側の面に接する磁気光学材料層と、を備え、
前記Si導波層が、前記磁気光学材料層の上に成膜されたSi層に導波路を形成することで得られたものであり、
前記磁気光学材料層が、前記導波路を伝播する光に非相反な位相変化を生じさせるように磁化されている、光非相反素子。
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JP2009529451A JPWO2010023738A1 (ja) | 2008-08-27 | 2008-08-27 | 光非相反素子製造方法及び光非相反素子 |
PCT/JP2008/065331 WO2010023738A1 (ja) | 2008-08-27 | 2008-08-27 | 光非相反素子製造方法及び光非相反素子 |
US12/665,435 US8306371B2 (en) | 2008-08-27 | 2008-08-27 | Method for manufacturing optical nonreciprocal element, and optical nonreciprocal element |
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PCT/JP2008/065331 WO2010023738A1 (ja) | 2008-08-27 | 2008-08-27 | 光非相反素子製造方法及び光非相反素子 |
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Cited By (2)
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JP2015169833A (ja) * | 2014-03-07 | 2015-09-28 | 国立大学法人東京工業大学 | 導波路型磁気光学デバイス及びその製造方法 |
CN112596157A (zh) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-02 | 浙江大学绍兴微电子研究中心 | 一种硅基磁光非互易条形光波导 |
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US9170440B2 (en) | 2008-07-01 | 2015-10-27 | Duke University | Polymer optical isolator |
US8587490B2 (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2013-11-19 | New Jersey Institute Of Technology | Localized wave generation via model decomposition of a pulse by a wave launcher |
US9829728B2 (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2017-11-28 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method for forming magneto-optical films for integrated photonic devices |
WO2017136459A1 (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2017-08-10 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Reconfigurable integrated-optics-based non-reciprocal devices |
US10466515B2 (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2019-11-05 | Intel Corporation | On-chip optical isolator |
US20180059446A1 (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2018-03-01 | Woosung Kim | Optical iso-modulator |
CN106249443A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-21 | 欧阳征标 | 磁光薄膜磁表面快波方向可控光二极管 |
CN106226925A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-14 | 欧阳征标 | 无泄漏磁光薄膜磁表面快波光二极管 |
CN106405885A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 欧阳征标 | 无泄漏磁光薄膜磁表面快波方向可控光二极管 |
US10877300B2 (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2020-12-29 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Heterogeneous structure on an integrated photonics platform |
US10614843B2 (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2020-04-07 | Seagate Technology Llc | Input coupler with features to divert stray light from a waveguide |
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- 2008-08-27 US US12/665,435 patent/US8306371B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-08-27 JP JP2009529451A patent/JPWO2010023738A1/ja active Pending
- 2008-08-27 WO PCT/JP2008/065331 patent/WO2010023738A1/ja active Application Filing
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JP2003302603A (ja) * | 2002-04-11 | 2003-10-24 | Tokyo Inst Of Technol | 干渉計型光アイソレータ及び光サーキュレータ |
JP2004240003A (ja) * | 2003-02-04 | 2004-08-26 | Rikogaku Shinkokai | シリコン導波層を有する磁気光学導波路及びそれを用いた光非相反素子 |
JP2007219285A (ja) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-30 | Mitsumi Electric Co Ltd | 導波路型光アイソレータ用磁石ホルダ及びそれを利用した導波路型光アイソレータ |
Cited By (2)
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JP2015169833A (ja) * | 2014-03-07 | 2015-09-28 | 国立大学法人東京工業大学 | 導波路型磁気光学デバイス及びその製造方法 |
CN112596157A (zh) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-02 | 浙江大学绍兴微电子研究中心 | 一种硅基磁光非互易条形光波导 |
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