WO2010012803A1 - Electrical conductor with improved cooling and switching device in a sealed casing comprising at least one such conductor - Google Patents

Electrical conductor with improved cooling and switching device in a sealed casing comprising at least one such conductor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010012803A1
WO2010012803A1 PCT/EP2009/059869 EP2009059869W WO2010012803A1 WO 2010012803 A1 WO2010012803 A1 WO 2010012803A1 EP 2009059869 W EP2009059869 W EP 2009059869W WO 2010012803 A1 WO2010012803 A1 WO 2010012803A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductor
station according
light
electrical station
section
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/059869
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Charlie Girard
Olivier Chuniaud
Jean-Marc Willieme
Original Assignee
Areva T&D Sas
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Areva T&D Sas filed Critical Areva T&D Sas
Publication of WO2010012803A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010012803A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G5/00—Installations of bus-bars
    • H02G5/10—Cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G5/00—Installations of bus-bars
    • H02G5/06—Totally-enclosed installations, e.g. in metal casings
    • H02G5/066—Devices for maintaining distance between conductor and enclosure
    • H02G5/068—Devices for maintaining distance between conductor and enclosure being part of the junction between two enclosures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improved cooling electrical conductors, more particularly to electrical conductors arranged in a sealed enclosure, and to metal-enclosed switching devices comprising at least one such conductor.
  • a substation under high-voltage metal enclosure comprises, inter alia, one or more busbars and a circuit breaker arranged in a sealed enclosure filled with SF 6 type dielectric gas.
  • These sets of bars or electrical conductors are generally cylindrical and hollow, thus forming cylindrical tubes.
  • Several electrical conductors may be connected in series to reach the desired length or are connected to the circuit breaker or other components of the substation. These connections are made by means of tulip type contacts. When the nominal electric current passes through the conductor, it becomes heated. The quantity of heat thus emitted is trapped in the enclosure. This rise in temperature is harmful to drivers. This heating is all the more important at the level of the connections where the electrical resistance is increased, the contacts never being perfect.
  • the dimensions of the substations under metal enclosure are determined to meet the dielectric requirements, the heating problems not being posed.
  • this cost reduction involves a reduction in the dimensions of these devices and the amount of raw material used.
  • Solutions are therefore sought to reduce this heating and / or dissipate this amount of heat more easily, particularly at the level of the electrical contacts.
  • One solution to improve the heat dissipation is to modify the outer diameter of the bars and their sections to improve the phenomena of thermal conduction and thermal convection.
  • an electrical station under metal enclosure having at least one conductor formed of a cylindrical tube having inlet ports and exhaust fluid, these slots having the slot shape whose axis is aligned with the driver's axis.
  • the shape of these lumens makes it possible to obtain a very good flow of the pneumatic fluid due to the large section for the passage of the gas, having a limited effect on the increase of the current density across the conductor.
  • these slots are arranged in such a way that they improve cooling at the conductor connections with other components.
  • only one set of intake and exhaust ports is sufficient, or several sets are preferable to ensure proper cooling of the contacts.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a metal-enclosed electrical substation filled with a dielectric gas under pressure comprising at least one switching device and at least one electrical conductor arranged in the metal enclosure, said conductor being intended to be arranged so that its longitudinal axis is oriented substantially horizontally in said enclosure, said conductor comprising a shell of hollow cylindrical shape, the conductor having a contact at each of its longitudinal ends, said contacts being arranged inside the enclosure, said envelope comprising an upper part and a lower part delimited by a substantially horizontal plane containing the longitudinal axis and, said envelope containing at least one light in its upper part, called upper light, and at least one light in its lower part, called light lower, said light res each having a slot shape, the largest dimension of which extends substantially along the longitudinal axis.
  • the subject of the present invention is also an electrical conductor with a longitudinal axis for a metal-encased electrical station comprising a hollow cylindrical envelope, said conductor being intended to be arranged so that its longitudinal axis is oriented substantially horizontally, the conductor having a contact at each of its longitudinal ends, said envelope comprising an upper part and a lower part delimited by a substantially horizontal plane containing the longitudinal axis and, said envelope containing at least one light in its upper part, called upper light, and at least one light in its lower part, called light lower, said slots each having a slot shape, the largest dimension of which extends substantially along the longitudinal axis.
  • the section of the at least one lower lumen is advantageously greater than or equal to the section of the at least one upper lumen, to cause a phenomenon of forced convection.
  • the ratio of the section of the at least one lower lumen and the section of the at least one upper lumen can be between 1 and 1.5.
  • the upper and lower lights are contained in a plane containing the longitudinal axis.
  • said plane is substantially vertical, the upper light being at the highest in the conductor and the lower light being at the lowest in the conductor.
  • the conductor according to the invention may comprise two lights in the lower part symmetrical with respect to a plane containing the longitudinal axis and the light of the upper part.
  • the section of the lights represents, by example of 6% to 10% of the total section of the driver.
  • the device comprises an assembly of at least one upper light and a lower light substantially in the center of the conductor equidistant from the contacts, these lights then being close enough two contacts.
  • the conductor comprises two sets of at least one upper light and one lower light, each being made near a contact.
  • the conductor due to its great length can be made of several welded parts, a middle portion and two end portions each having a contact and a set of two lights.
  • the edges of the lights have a radius of curvature large enough to limit the dielectric stresses that may appear at the edges, the radius of curvature of the edges is for example at least equal to 3 mm.
  • the ratio between the length of each light and its width is for example between 2 and 200.
  • the ratio between the length of each light and the length of the conductor is between 0.05 and 0.85.
  • the lights advantageously have a width of between 4 mm and 16 mm and a length of between 8 mm and 3200 mm.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are views from above of an exemplary embodiment of a conductor according to the present invention.
  • Figure IC is a longitudinal sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the conductor of Figure IA with conical contacts
  • FIG. 2A is a longitudinal sectional view of the conductor of FIG. 1B
  • FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the conductor of FIG.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrammatic representations of the temperature fields within a conductor according to the invention and of a conductor of the state of the art seen in cross-section according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3C is a variant embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a conductor according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of the evolution of the temperature at 0 C of an embodiment of a conductor as a function of the width of the slots in mm
  • - Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of an example of an electrical substation according to the present invention on which are schematized the movements of gas in the chamber obtained by virtue of the present invention.
  • the conductor 2 comprises a substantially tubular casing 4 with a circular section of longitudinal axis X.
  • the casing comprises a central portion 4.1 of larger diameter and end portions 4.2 of smaller diameter.
  • the end portions 4.2 are intended to form contacts for connection with other components of a substation. Subsequently, these end portions 4.2 will be referred to as "contacts".
  • the contacts are for example tulip-type ball joint depending on the type of connection.
  • the conductor is intended to be positioned so that its longitudinal axis is substantially horizontal.
  • the driver is housed in a sealed enclosure 3 (visible in FIGS. 2B, 3A and 3C), also of tubular shape coaxial with the conductor 2.
  • the driver comprises lights 8 made in its upper part, said upper lights and lights 10 made in its lower part, said lower lights.
  • the conductor comprises an upper lumen 8 and a lower lumen 10.
  • the upper lumen 8 has the shape of a slot extending along the X axis and the lower lumen 10 has the shape of a slot extending substantially along the X axis.
  • the term "slot" in the present invention means a light in the length and very large relative to its width.
  • the length of the slot is, for example between 2 times to 200 times the width of the slot.
  • the slot-shaped lights oriented along the axis of the conductor, and thus in alignment with the flow of the current, make it possible to offer a large flow section of the gas through the conductor, while maintaining a cross section of important electrical conductor material for the electric current, which limits the increase of the current density in the conductor envelope.
  • the graph of FIG. 5 shows the evolution of the temperature at 0 C as a function of the width of the slot in mm. It can be seen that beyond a certain width of light, the temperature does not drop anymore, but on the contrary increases because of the Joule effect in the reduced conductor section. In a particular example, an optimum is achieved for a slot width greater than 4 mm and less than 16 mm.
  • the lower lumen 10 allows the inflow of the pneumatic fluid into the conductor, while the upper lumen allows the escape of the heated pneumatic fluid.
  • the upper lumen 8 is located in the uppermost part of the casing and the lower lumen 10 is situated in the lowest part, the lumens 8, 10 then being diametrically opposed.
  • This arrangement has the advantage of causing a circulation of the pneumatic fluid along the entire inner surface of the envelope between the intake port and the exhaust port, and thus to improve the extraction of the thermal calories over any the inner surface of the driver's shell.
  • the section of the lower light 10 or intake section is greater than that of the upper light 8 or exhaust section, which makes it possible to generate a forced convection of the pneumatic fluid penetrating into the conductor, adding to natural convection. The fluid then circulates more in the conductor and improves the extraction of heat calories.
  • the ratio between the intake section and the exhaust section is advantageously between 1 and 1.5.
  • the length of the lights is determined according to the convection effect to be obtained, but also according to the mechanical forces to be borne by the driver and their ability to be performed.
  • the ratio between the length of the lights and the length of the conductors is between 5% and 85%, this ratio increasing with the length of the conductor, because of the length of the contacts which is substantially fixed.
  • the slots having significant dimensions, it is not necessary that they are over the entire length of the driver.
  • the IEC standard imposes maximum heating at the contacts, therefore the temperature at the middle of the bar is less interesting. However, the effect of the temperature by conduction is taken into account if the middle of the bar is really very hot. It is therefore expected that the lights are close enough contacts. In the case of short conductors, it is possible to achieve only a pair of lights in the middle part, these lights being sufficiently close to the two longitudinal contacts. In the case of long conductors, it is preferable, to have lights sufficiently close to the contacts, to make a pair of contacts at each end to take into account the loss of mechanical strength and the difficulty of implementation.
  • the longitudinal ends 8.1, 10.1 of the upper and lower slots respectively are located at substantially 120 mm of the free ends of contacts. This value is in no way limiting and depends of course on the operating conditions of the conductors.
  • the conductor has a length L sufficiently small to have only one pair of slots in its central part.
  • the conductor has a length L such that, to facilitate its manufacture, it may be preferable to make it into several welded parts 100, 200, 300.
  • This comprises two pairs of lights I, II performed in the parts 100, 300 respectively, with the central portion 200 located between the portion 100 and the portion 300.
  • the pair of slots I is located near the left contact in Figure IB, and the slot pair II is located near the right contact.
  • the conductor has no slot in its middle part but only at the ends, but it is understood that a conductor having slots at its longitudinal ends, and one or more pairs of slots in its middle part is not beyond the scope of the present invention.
  • the width of the slots is advantageously of the order of 8 mm. and the length of the slots is between 300 and 400 mm. The length is therefore, in this example, between 37 times and 50 times the width of the slot.
  • the length of the slots is between 2300 mm and 2400 mm for a width of 8 mm.
  • the section of the lower and upper lights advantageously represents 6% to 10% of the total section of the conductor. This proportion varies according to the use, i.e., of the conductor diameter, the value of the nominal current flowing through the conductor, the resistivity of the conductor, and so on.
  • edges 14, 16 of the upper 8 and lower 10 apertures have a radius of curvature Rc large enough to limit the stresses. dielectrics that may appear at the edges. Indeed, the lower the radius of curvature Rc, the risk of occurrence of a peak effect becomes greater because of the voltage difference between the conductor and the metal shell connected to ground.
  • the radius of curvature Rc of the edges is at least equal to 3 mm, to keep dielectric stress at an acceptable level.
  • FIG. 2B the movement of the pneumatic fluid circulating in the conductor of FIG. 1A can be seen, this circulation being symbolized by arrows 12.
  • the "cooler" pneumatic fluid enters the conductor through the intake port 10, circulates in the conductor along the inner surface of the conductor and exits after being heated by the exhaust port 8.
  • a natural convection phenomenon occurs within the conductor, which is thus cooled by circulation of the pneumatic fluid within it, and not only by conduction.
  • the shape of the slot - shaped lights makes it possible to offer a large intake and exhaust section and thus to amplify the evacuation of the calories. In the case of an intake section larger than the intake section, a forced convection phenomenon appears.
  • the heated pneumatic fluid comes into contact with the inner surface of the enclosure, is cooled down and down the enclosure below the conductor, before passing through the intake port 10. It should be noted that the surface The outside of the metal enclosure is in contact with the external environment and is therefore cooled, allowing the dissipation of heat.
  • FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a substation according to the present invention comprising an envelope 3 forming a chamber filled with dielectric gas, a succession of conductors 4 according to the present invention arranged in the enclosure, connected by electrodes 18 and electrical contacts 20, the ends 4.2 of the conductors penetrating the electrodes 18.
  • the electrodes 18 are held by insulating cones 22.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B the distribution of the temperature fields within the conductor according to the present invention can be seen in comparison with the distribution of the temperature fields in a conductor 102 of the state of the art that does not include any lights. .
  • the temperature within the driver is much lower than that within the driver of the state of the art.
  • FIG. 3C it is possible to see a conductor according to the invention, in which the lights intake and exhaust are diametrically opposed, but not located in the lowest and highest areas respectively of the driver. It can be seen that the temperature within the driver is still lower than that of the driver of the state of the art.
  • FIG. 1C an alternative embodiment of FIG. 1A can be seen, in which the contacts 4.1, 4.2 are conical.
  • a conductor according to the present invention can be seen, comprising two intake ports 101, 102 and an exhaust port 8.
  • the exhaust port 8 is realized at the highest level in the envelope of the conductor and the two intake ports 101, 102 are formed in the envelope on either side of a vertical plane containing the X axis and the exhaust port 8.
  • the lower lights 101, 102 are advantageously symmetrical with respect to the vertical plane, ensuring a homogeneous cooling of the conductor.
  • This configuration has the advantage of preventing metal particles trapped in the conductor, during its manufacture, fall by gravity into the enclosure. Indeed, the particles remain in the bottom of the conductor between the two inlet ports 101, 102.
  • the current section cross section criteria must be respected, it means that the width of each of the slots is less than that of a single slot, more particularly the width of each of the slots is at most equal to half the width of a single slot.
  • the conductors according to the present invention apply to all voltage levels, for example at high and very high voltage of the order of 800 kV at
  • the conductors may have any diameters.
  • the dimensions of the conductors are defined according to the current density flowing in the conductors and characteristic voltage levels (lightning strike, industrial frequency) of the station between the speaker and the driver.
  • the conductors mentioned have diameters between 80 mm and 92 mm, however a conductor having a diameter of 130 mm used for voltages of 420 kV to 550 kV and having slots according to the present invention is not beyond the scope of the invention . Conductors with a diameter greater than 130 mm or less than 80 mm are also within the scope of the present invention. It is understood that the dimensions mentioned are only indicative and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

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  • Installation Of Bus-Bars (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)

Abstract

Electrical conductor of longitudinal axis (X) for an electrical unit in a metal casing, comprising a hollow cylindrical casing, said conductor being intended to be placed in such a way that its longitudinal axis (X) is substantially horizontal, the conductor having a contact (4.1, 4.2) at each of its longitudinal ends, said casing comprising an upper portion and a lower portion that are bounded by a substantially horizontal plane containing the longitudinal axis (X) and said casing containing at least one opening (8) in its upper portion, called upper opening, and at least one opening (10) in its lower portion, called lower opening, said openings (8, 10) each being in the form of a slot, the long dimension of which extends along the longitudinal axis (X).

Description

CONDUCTEUR ELECTRIQUE A REFROIDISSEMENT AMELIORE ET ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR WITH IMPROVED COOLING AND
DISPOSITIF DE COMMUTATION SOUS ENVELOPPE ETANCHESWIVEL SWITCHING DEVICE
COMPORTANT AU MOINS UN TEL CONDUCTEURCOMPRISING AT LEAST ONE SUCH DRIVER
DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE ET ART ANTÉRIEURTECHNICAL FIELD AND PRIOR ART
La présente invention se rapporte à des conducteurs électriques à refroidissement amélioré, plus particulièrement à des conducteurs électriques disposés dans une enceinte étanche, et à des dispositifs de commutation sous enceinte métallique comportant au moins un tel conducteur.The present invention relates to improved cooling electrical conductors, more particularly to electrical conductors arranged in a sealed enclosure, and to metal-enclosed switching devices comprising at least one such conductor.
Un poste électrique sous enceinte métallique haute tension comporte, entre autres, un ou plusieurs jeux de barres et un disjoncteur disposés dans une enceinte étanche remplie de gaz diélectrique de type SF6. Ces jeux des barres ou conducteurs électriques sont généralement de forme cylindrique et creuse, formant ainsi des tubes cylindriques. Plusieurs conducteurs électriques peuvent être connectés en série pour atteindre la longueur souhaitée ou sont connectés au disjoncteur ou à d'autres composants du poste électrique. Ces connexions sont réalisées au moyen de contacts de type tulipe-rotule. Lors du passage du courant électrique nominal dans le conducteur, celui-ci s'échauffe. La quantité de chaleur ainsi émise est piégée dans l'enceinte. Cette élévation de la température est néfaste aux conducteurs. Cet échauffement est d'autant plus important au niveau des connexions où la résistance électrique est augmentée, les contacts n'étant jamais parfaits.A substation under high-voltage metal enclosure comprises, inter alia, one or more busbars and a circuit breaker arranged in a sealed enclosure filled with SF 6 type dielectric gas. These sets of bars or electrical conductors are generally cylindrical and hollow, thus forming cylindrical tubes. Several electrical conductors may be connected in series to reach the desired length or are connected to the circuit breaker or other components of the substation. These connections are made by means of tulip type contacts. When the nominal electric current passes through the conductor, it becomes heated. The quantity of heat thus emitted is trapped in the enclosure. This rise in temperature is harmful to drivers. This heating is all the more important at the level of the connections where the electrical resistance is increased, the contacts never being perfect.
Par ailleurs, les dimensions des postes électriques sous enceinte métallique sont déterminées pour tenir les exigences diélectriques, les problèmes d' échauffement ne se posant pas. Or, on recherche de manière permanente à réduire les coûts des postes électriques sous enceinte métallique, cette réduction de coût passe par une réduction des dimensions de ces appareils et de la quantité de matière première utilisée. Ces réductions de dimensions et de quantité de matière font alors apparaître des problèmes d' échauffement des contacts électriques qui sont placés aux interfaces entre les conducteurs et les électrodes qui reçoivent les extrémités des conducteurs.In addition, the dimensions of the substations under metal enclosure are determined to meet the dielectric requirements, the heating problems not being posed. Now, it is permanently sought to reduce the costs of substations under metal enclosure, this cost reduction involves a reduction in the dimensions of these devices and the amount of raw material used. These reductions in size and quantity of material then cause problems of heating of the electrical contacts which are placed at the interfaces between the conductors and the electrodes which receive the ends of the conductors.
Il est par conséquent recherché des solutions pour réduire cet échauffement et/ou dissiper plus facilement cette quantité de chaleur, en particulier au niveau des contacts électriques. Une solution pour améliorer la dissipation de la chaleur est de modifier le diamètre extérieur des barres et leurs section afin d'améliorer les phénomènes de conduction thermique et de convection thermique.Solutions are therefore sought to reduce this heating and / or dissipate this amount of heat more easily, particularly at the level of the electrical contacts. One solution to improve the heat dissipation is to modify the outer diameter of the bars and their sections to improve the phenomena of thermal conduction and thermal convection.
Une autre solution est celle exposée dans le document DE 85 34 806 consistant à réaliser une série d'alésages circulaires dans la partie supérieure et une série d'alésages circulaires dans la partie inférieure du conducteur, les alésages supérieurs et inférieurs étant décalés. Les alésages inférieurs permettent l'entrée d'un fluide pneumatique et les alésages supérieurs l'échappement du fluide échauffé, et l'apparition d'un effet de thermosiphon.Another solution is that disclosed in DE 85 34 806 of making a series of circular bores in the upper part and a series of circular bores in the lower part of the conductor, the upper and lower bores being offset. The lower bores allow the entry of a pneumatic fluid and the upper bores the escape of the heated fluid, and the appearance of a thermosiphon effect.
Cette solution a effectivement un effet sur le refroidissement du conducteur. Cependant elle ne permet pas un refroidissement au niveau des connexions.This solution does have an effect on the cooling of the conductor. However, it does not allow cooling at the connections.
C'est par conséquent un but de la présente invention d'offrir un conducteur électrique, de type barre, dont le refroidissement est amélioré par rapport aux conducteurs de l'état de la technique, en particulier au niveau des connexions entre un conducteur et un autre composant d'un poste électrique.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an electrical conductor, of the bar type, whose cooling is improved compared to the conductors of the state of the art, in particular at the connections between a conductor and a driver. another component of a substation.
EXPOSÉ DE L' INVENTIONSTATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
Le but précédemment énoncé est atteint par un poste électrique sous enceinte métallique comportant au moins un conducteur formé d'un tube cylindrique comportant des lumières d'admission et d'échappement du fluide, ces lumières ayant la forme de fente dont l'axe est aligné avec l'axe du conducteur. La forme de ces lumières permet d' obtenir un très bon écoulement du fluide pneumatique du fait de la grande section pour le passage du gaz, en ayant un effet limité sur l'augmentation de la densité de courant à travers le conducteur .The previously stated goal is achieved by an electrical station under metal enclosure having at least one conductor formed of a cylindrical tube having inlet ports and exhaust fluid, these slots having the slot shape whose axis is aligned with the driver's axis. The shape of these lumens makes it possible to obtain a very good flow of the pneumatic fluid due to the large section for the passage of the gas, having a limited effect on the increase of the current density across the conductor.
De manière avantageuse, ces fentes sont disposées de telle sorte qu'elles améliorent le refroidissement au niveau des connexions du conducteur avec d'autres composants. Suivant la longueur du conducteur, un seul ensemble de lumières d'admission et d'échappement est suffisant, ou alors plusieurs ensembles sont préférables pour assurer un bon refroidissement des contacts.Advantageously, these slots are arranged in such a way that they improve cooling at the conductor connections with other components. Depending on the length of the driver, only one set of intake and exhaust ports is sufficient, or several sets are preferable to ensure proper cooling of the contacts.
La présente invention a par conséquent pour objet Poste électrique sous enceinte métallique remplie d'un gaz diélectrique sous pression comportant au moins un dispositif de commutation et au moins un conducteur électrique disposés dans l'enceinte métallique, ledit conducteur étant destiné à être disposé de sorte à ce que son axe longitudinal soit orienté sensiblement horizontalement dans ladite enceinte, ledit conducteur comportant une enveloppe de forme cylindrique creuse, le conducteur comportant un contact à chacune de ses extrémités longitudinales, lesdits contacts étant disposés à l'intérieur de l'enceinte, ladite enveloppe comportant une partie supérieure et une partie inférieure délimitées par un plan sensiblement horizontal contenant l'axe longitudinal et, ladite enveloppe contenant au moins une lumière dans sa partie supérieure, dite lumière supérieure, et au moins une lumière dans sa partie inférieure, dite lumière inférieure, lesdites lumières ayant chacune une forme de fente, dont la plus grande dimension s'étend sensiblement le long de l'axe longitudinal.The present invention therefore relates to a metal-enclosed electrical substation filled with a dielectric gas under pressure comprising at least one switching device and at least one electrical conductor arranged in the metal enclosure, said conductor being intended to be arranged so that its longitudinal axis is oriented substantially horizontally in said enclosure, said conductor comprising a shell of hollow cylindrical shape, the conductor having a contact at each of its longitudinal ends, said contacts being arranged inside the enclosure, said envelope comprising an upper part and a lower part delimited by a substantially horizontal plane containing the longitudinal axis and, said envelope containing at least one light in its upper part, called upper light, and at least one light in its lower part, called light lower, said light res each having a slot shape, the largest dimension of which extends substantially along the longitudinal axis.
La présente invention a également pour objet un conducteur électrique d'axe longitudinal pour poste électrique sous enveloppe métallique comportant une enveloppe de forme cylindrique creuse, ledit conducteur étant destiné à être disposé de sorte à ce que son axe longitudinal soit orienté sensiblement horizontalement, le conducteur comportant un contact à chacune de ses extrémités longitudinales, ladite enveloppe comportant une partie supérieure et une partie inférieure délimitées par un plan sensiblement horizontal contenant l'axe longitudinal et, ladite enveloppe contenant au moins une lumière dans sa partie supérieure, dite lumière supérieure, et au moins une lumière dans sa partie inférieure, dite lumière inférieure, lesdites lumières ayant chacune une forme de fente, dont la plus grande dimension s'étend sensiblement le long de l'axe longitudinal. La section de la au moins une lumière inférieure est avantageusement supérieure ou égale à la section de la au moins une lumière supérieure, pour provoquer un phénomène de convection forcée.The subject of the present invention is also an electrical conductor with a longitudinal axis for a metal-encased electrical station comprising a hollow cylindrical envelope, said conductor being intended to be arranged so that its longitudinal axis is oriented substantially horizontally, the conductor having a contact at each of its longitudinal ends, said envelope comprising an upper part and a lower part delimited by a substantially horizontal plane containing the longitudinal axis and, said envelope containing at least one light in its upper part, called upper light, and at least one light in its lower part, called light lower, said slots each having a slot shape, the largest dimension of which extends substantially along the longitudinal axis. The section of the at least one lower lumen is advantageously greater than or equal to the section of the at least one upper lumen, to cause a phenomenon of forced convection.
Le rapport de la section de la au moins une lumière inférieure et de la section de la au moins une lumière supérieure peut être compris entre 1 et 1,5.The ratio of the section of the at least one lower lumen and the section of the at least one upper lumen can be between 1 and 1.5.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, les lumières supérieure et inférieure sont contenues dans un plan contenant l'axe longitudinal. Avantageusement, ledit plan est sensiblement vertical, la lumière supérieure étant au plus haut dans le conducteur et la lumière inférieure étant au plus bas dans le conducteur .In an exemplary embodiment, the upper and lower lights are contained in a plane containing the longitudinal axis. Advantageously, said plane is substantially vertical, the upper light being at the highest in the conductor and the lower light being at the lowest in the conductor.
Dans une variante de réalisation, le conducteur selon l'invention peut comporter deux lumières dans la partie inférieure symétriques par rapport à un plan contenant l'axe longitudinal et la lumière de la partie supérieure.In an alternative embodiment, the conductor according to the invention may comprise two lights in the lower part symmetrical with respect to a plane containing the longitudinal axis and the light of the upper part.
En considérant une section du conducteur par un plan orthogonal à l'axe longitudinal au niveau des lumières, la section des lumières représente, par exemple de 6 % à 10 % de la section totale du conducteur .By considering a section of the conductor by a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis at the level of the lights, the section of the lights represents, by example of 6% to 10% of the total section of the driver.
Dans un exemple de réalisation où le conducteur présente une longueur suffisamment réduite, le dispositif comporte un ensemble d'au moins une lumière supérieure et d'une lumière inférieure réalisé sensiblement au centre du conducteur à égale distance des contacts, ces lumières étant alors suffisamment près des deux contacts. Dans un autre exemple de réalisation où la longueur du conducteur est trop grande pour qu'un seul ensemble de lumières médian soit suffisamment proche des deux contacts, le conducteur comporte deux ensembles d'au moins une lumière supérieure et d'une lumière inférieure, chacun étant réalisé à proximité d'un contact. Le conducteur du fait de sa grande longueur peut être réalisé en plusieurs parties soudées, une partie médiane et deux parties d'extrémité comportant chacun un contact et un ensemble de deux lumières.In an exemplary embodiment where the conductor has a sufficiently reduced length, the device comprises an assembly of at least one upper light and a lower light substantially in the center of the conductor equidistant from the contacts, these lights then being close enough two contacts. In another embodiment where the length of the conductor is too large for a single set of median lumens to be sufficiently close to the two contacts, the conductor comprises two sets of at least one upper light and one lower light, each being made near a contact. The conductor due to its great length can be made of several welded parts, a middle portion and two end portions each having a contact and a set of two lights.
Avantageusement, les bords des lumières présentent un rayon de courbure suffisamment grand pour limiter les contraintes diélectriques pouvant apparaître au niveau des bords, le rayon de courbure des bords est par exemple au moins égal à 3 mm.Advantageously, the edges of the lights have a radius of curvature large enough to limit the dielectric stresses that may appear at the edges, the radius of curvature of the edges is for example at least equal to 3 mm.
Le rapport entre la longueur de chaque lumière et de sa largeur est par exemple compris entre 2 et 200.The ratio between the length of each light and its width is for example between 2 and 200.
De manière avantageuse, le rapport entre la longueur de chaque lumière et de la longueur du conducteur est compris entre 0,05 et 0,85. Les lumières présentent avantageusement une largeur comprise entre 4 mm et 16 mm et une longueur comprise entre 8 mm et 3200 mm.Advantageously, the ratio between the length of each light and the length of the conductor is between 0.05 and 0.85. The lights advantageously have a width of between 4 mm and 16 mm and a length of between 8 mm and 3200 mm.
BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
La présente invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui va suivre et des dessins en annexe, sur lesquels :The present invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows and the attached drawings, in which:
- les figures IA et IB sont des vues de dessus d'un exemple de réalisation d'un conducteur selon la présente invention,FIGS. 1A and 1B are views from above of an exemplary embodiment of a conductor according to the present invention,
- la figure IC est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une variante de réalisation du conducteur de la figure IA muni de contacts coniques,- Figure IC is a longitudinal sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the conductor of Figure IA with conical contacts,
- la figure 2A est une vue en coupe longitudinale du conducteur de la figure IB,FIG. 2A is a longitudinal sectional view of the conductor of FIG. 1B,
- la figure 2B est une vue en coupe transversale du conducteur de la figure IA,FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the conductor of FIG.
- les figures 3A et 3B sont des représentations schématiques des champs de températures au sein d'un conducteur selon l'invention et d'un conducteur de l'état de la technique vus en coupe transversale selon la présente invention, la figure 3C est une variante de réalisation de l'invention,FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrammatic representations of the temperature fields within a conductor according to the invention and of a conductor of the state of the art seen in cross-section according to the present invention; FIG. 3C is a variant embodiment of the invention,
- la figure 4 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un autre exemple de réalisation d'un conducteur selon la présente invention,FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a conductor according to the present invention,
- la figure 5 est une représentation graphique de l'évolution de la température en 0C d'un exemple de réalisation d'un conducteur en fonction de la largeur des lumières en mm, - la figure 6 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un exemple de poste électrique selon la présente invention sur laquelle sont schématisés les mouvements de gaz dans l'enceinte obtenus grâce à la présente invention.FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of the evolution of the temperature at 0 C of an embodiment of a conductor as a function of the width of the slots in mm, - Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of an example of an electrical substation according to the present invention on which are schematized the movements of gas in the chamber obtained by virtue of the present invention.
EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERSDETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS
Sur les figures IA et 2A, on peut voir un premier exemple de réalisation d'un conducteur 2 ou barre selon la présente invention. Le conducteur 2 comporte une enveloppe 4 sensiblement tubulaire à section circulaire d'axe longitudinal X. Dans l'exemple représenté, l'enveloppe comporte une portion centrale 4.1 de plus grand diamètre et des portions d'extrémité 4.2 de plus petit diamètre. Les portions d'extrémité 4.2 sont destinées à former des contacts pour assurer la connexion avec d'autres composants d'un poste électrique. Par la suite, ces portions d'extrémités 4.2 seront désignées par « contacts ». Les contacts sont par exemple de type tulipe-rotule suivant le type de connexion.In Figures IA and 2A, we can see a first embodiment of a conductor 2 or bar according to the present invention. The conductor 2 comprises a substantially tubular casing 4 with a circular section of longitudinal axis X. In the example shown, the casing comprises a central portion 4.1 of larger diameter and end portions 4.2 of smaller diameter. The end portions 4.2 are intended to form contacts for connection with other components of a substation. Subsequently, these end portions 4.2 will be referred to as "contacts". The contacts are for example tulip-type ball joint depending on the type of connection.
Les exemples de dimensions qui seront mentionnés dans la description qui va suivre ont été obtenus par des essais sur des conducteurs réalisés en EN AW-6101 (alliage aluminium-magnésium-silicium) présentant une résistivité électrique d'environ :The examples of dimensions which will be mentioned in the description which follows have been obtained by tests on conductors made of EN AW-6101 (aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy) having an electrical resistivity of approximately:
0,03 Ωmm2/m. Cet exemple de matériau et de résistivité n'est en aucun cas limitatif.0.03 Ωmm 2 / m. This example of material and resistivity is in no way limiting.
Le conducteur est destiné à être positionné de telle sorte que son axe longitudinal soit sensiblement horizontal. En outre, le conducteur est logé dans une enceinte étanche 3 (visible sur les figures 2B, 3A et 3C) , de forme également tubulaire coaxiale au conducteur 2.The conductor is intended to be positioned so that its longitudinal axis is substantially horizontal. In addition, the driver is housed in a sealed enclosure 3 (visible in FIGS. 2B, 3A and 3C), also of tubular shape coaxial with the conductor 2.
Le conducteur comporte des lumières 8 réalisées dans sa partie supérieure, dites lumières supérieures et des lumières 10 réalisées dans sa partie inférieure, dites lumières inférieures. Dans l'exemple représenté, le conducteur comporte une lumière supérieure 8 et une lumière inférieure 10. On entend, dans la présente demande, parThe driver comprises lights 8 made in its upper part, said upper lights and lights 10 made in its lower part, said lower lights. In the example shown, the conductor comprises an upper lumen 8 and a lower lumen 10. In the present application, the term
« partie supérieure du conducteur », la zone disposée au-dessus d'un plan horizontal contenant l'axe X, et par « partie inférieure », la zone de l'enveloppe disposée en dessus de ce plan horizontal contenant l'axe X."Upper part of the conductor", the area disposed above a horizontal plane containing the X axis, and "lower part", the zone of the envelope disposed above this horizontal plane containing the X axis.
Selon la présente invention, la lumière supérieure 8 a la forme d'une fente s' étendant le long de l'axe X et la lumière inférieure 10 a la forme d'une fente s' étendant sensiblement le long de l'axe X. On entend par « fente » dans la présente invention, une lumière dans la longueur et très grande par rapport à sa largeur. La longueur de la fente est, par exemple comprise entre 2 fois à 200 fois la largeur de la fente. Les lumières en forme de fentes orientées selon l'axe du conducteur, et donc dans l'alignement de la circulation du courant, permettent d'offrir une grande section d'écoulement du gaz à travers le conducteur, tout en conservant une section transversale de matériau conducteur électrique importante pour le courant électrique, ce qui limite l'augmentation de la densité de courant dans l'enveloppe du conducteur.According to the present invention, the upper lumen 8 has the shape of a slot extending along the X axis and the lower lumen 10 has the shape of a slot extending substantially along the X axis. The term "slot" in the present invention means a light in the length and very large relative to its width. The length of the slot is, for example between 2 times to 200 times the width of the slot. The slot-shaped lights oriented along the axis of the conductor, and thus in alignment with the flow of the current, make it possible to offer a large flow section of the gas through the conductor, while maintaining a cross section of important electrical conductor material for the electric current, which limits the increase of the current density in the conductor envelope.
En effet, la présence de lumières dont la section serait trop importante par rapport à la section de matériau conducteur provoquerait une augmentation de l'effet Joule, ce qui rendrait la présence de lumières au contraire néfaste.Indeed, the presence of lights whose section would be too large relative to the section of conductive material would cause an increase in the Joule effect, which would make the presence of lights on the contrary harmful.
On peut voir sur le graphe de la figure 5 l'évolution de la température en 0C en fonction de la largeur de la fente en mm. On constate qu'au-delà d'une certaine largeur de lumière, la température ne baisse plus, mais au contraire augmente, ceci du fait de l'effet Joule dans la section de conducteur réduite. Dans un exemple particulier, on atteint un optimum pour une largeur de fente supérieure à 4 mm et inférieure à 16 mm.The graph of FIG. 5 shows the evolution of the temperature at 0 C as a function of the width of the slot in mm. It can be seen that beyond a certain width of light, the temperature does not drop anymore, but on the contrary increases because of the Joule effect in the reduced conductor section. In a particular example, an optimum is achieved for a slot width greater than 4 mm and less than 16 mm.
La lumière inférieure 10 permet l'admission du fluide pneumatique dans le conducteur, tandis que la lumière supérieure permet l'échappement du fluide pneumatique échauffé.The lower lumen 10 allows the inflow of the pneumatic fluid into the conductor, while the upper lumen allows the escape of the heated pneumatic fluid.
De manière avantageuse, la lumière supérieure 8 se situe dans la partie la plus haute de l'enveloppe et la lumière inférieure 10 se situe dans la partie la plus basse, les lumières 8, 10 étant alors diamétralement opposées. Cette disposition présente l'avantage de provoquer une circulation du fluide pneumatique le long de toute la surface intérieure de l'enveloppe entre la lumière d'admission et la lumière d'échappement, et donc d'améliorer l'extraction des calories thermiques sur toute la surface intérieure de l'enveloppe du conducteur. De manière avantageuse la section de la lumière inférieure 10 ou section d'admission est supérieure à celle de la lumière supérieure 8 ou section d'échappement, ce qui permet de générer une convection forcée du fluide pneumatique pénétrant dans le conducteur, s' ajoutant à la convection naturelle. Le fluide circule alors davantage dans le conducteur et améliore l'extraction des calories thermiques.Advantageously, the upper lumen 8 is located in the uppermost part of the casing and the lower lumen 10 is situated in the lowest part, the lumens 8, 10 then being diametrically opposed. This arrangement has the advantage of causing a circulation of the pneumatic fluid along the entire inner surface of the envelope between the intake port and the exhaust port, and thus to improve the extraction of the thermal calories over any the inner surface of the driver's shell. Advantageously, the section of the lower light 10 or intake section is greater than that of the upper light 8 or exhaust section, which makes it possible to generate a forced convection of the pneumatic fluid penetrating into the conductor, adding to natural convection. The fluid then circulates more in the conductor and improves the extraction of heat calories.
Dans ce cas, le rapport entre la section d'admission et la section d'échappement est avantageusement compris entre 1 et 1,5.In this case, the ratio between the intake section and the exhaust section is advantageously between 1 and 1.5.
La longueur des lumières est déterminée en fonction de l'effet de convection à obtenir, mais également en fonction des efforts mécaniques à supporter par le conducteur et de leur aptitude à être réalisées .The length of the lights is determined according to the convection effect to be obtained, but also according to the mechanical forces to be borne by the driver and their ability to be performed.
Avantageusement, le rapport entre la longueur des lumières et la longueur des conducteurs est compris entre 5 % et 85 %, ce rapport augmentant avec la longueur du conducteur, du fait de la longueur des contacts qui est sensiblement fixe.Advantageously, the ratio between the length of the lights and the length of the conductors is between 5% and 85%, this ratio increasing with the length of the conductor, because of the length of the contacts which is substantially fixed.
D'une part, les fentes présentant de dimensions significatives, il n'est pas nécessaire qu'elles soient sur toute la longueur du conducteur. D'autre part, la norme CEI impose des échauffements maximaux au niveau des contacts, par conséquent la température au niveau du milieu de la barre a moins d'intérêt. Cependant il est tenu compte de l'effet de la température par conduction si le milieu de la barre est vraiment très chaud. On prévoit donc que les lumières soient suffisamment prés des contacts. Dans le cas de conducteur courts, il est possible de ne réaliser qu'une paire de lumières en partie médiane, ces lumières étant suffisamment près des deux contacts longitudinaux. Dans le cas de conducteurs longs, il est préférable, pour avoir des lumières suffisamment près des contacts, de réaliser une paire de contacts au niveau de chacune des extrémités pour tenir compte de la perte de tenue mécanique et de la difficulté de réalisation .On the one hand, the slots having significant dimensions, it is not necessary that they are over the entire length of the driver. On the other hand, the IEC standard imposes maximum heating at the contacts, therefore the temperature at the middle of the bar is less interesting. However, the effect of the temperature by conduction is taken into account if the middle of the bar is really very hot. It is therefore expected that the lights are close enough contacts. In the case of short conductors, it is possible to achieve only a pair of lights in the middle part, these lights being sufficiently close to the two longitudinal contacts. In the case of long conductors, it is preferable, to have lights sufficiently close to the contacts, to make a pair of contacts at each end to take into account the loss of mechanical strength and the difficulty of implementation.
Dans les exemples représentés, on cherche à ce que les extrémités longitudinales 8.1, 10.1 des lumières supérieure et inférieure respectivement soient situées à sensiblement 120 mm des extrémités libres de contacts. Cette valeur n'est en aucun cas limitative et dépend bien entendu des conditions de fonctionnement des conducteurs.In the examples shown, it is sought that the longitudinal ends 8.1, 10.1 of the upper and lower slots respectively are located at substantially 120 mm of the free ends of contacts. This value is in no way limiting and depends of course on the operating conditions of the conductors.
Sur la figure IA, le conducteur présente une longueur L suffisamment faible pour ne comporter qu'une paire de fentes dans sa partie centrale.In FIG. 1A, the conductor has a length L sufficiently small to have only one pair of slots in its central part.
Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure IB, le conducteur a une longueur L telle que pour faciliter sa fabrication, il peut être préférable de la réaliser en plusieurs parties soudées 100, 200, 300. Celui-ci comporte deux paires de lumières I, II réalisées dans les parties 100, 300 respectivement, avec la partie centrale 200 située entre la partie 100 et la partie 300. La paire de fentes I est située à proximité du contact gauche sur la figure IB, et la paire de fente II est situé à proximité du contact droit. Sur la figure IB, le conducteur ne comporte pas de fente dans sa partie médiane mais uniquement au niveau des extrémités, mais il est bien entendu qu'un conducteur comportant des fentes au niveau de ses extrémités longitudinales, et une ou plusieurs paires de fentes dans sa partie médiane ne sort pas du cadre de la présente invention.In the example shown in FIG. 1B, the conductor has a length L such that, to facilitate its manufacture, it may be preferable to make it into several welded parts 100, 200, 300. This comprises two pairs of lights I, II performed in the parts 100, 300 respectively, with the central portion 200 located between the portion 100 and the portion 300. The pair of slots I is located near the left contact in Figure IB, and the slot pair II is located near the right contact. In FIG. 1B, the conductor has no slot in its middle part but only at the ends, but it is understood that a conductor having slots at its longitudinal ends, and one or more pairs of slots in its middle part is not beyond the scope of the present invention.
A titre d'exemple uniquement, pour un conducteur ayant un diamètre extérieur de 80 mm, une longueur de l'ordre de 600 mm et traversé par un courant nominal de 4000 A, la largeur des fentes est avantageusement de l'ordre de 8 mm et la longueur des fentes est comprise entre 300 et 400 mm. La longueur est donc comprise, dans cet exemple, entre 37 fois et 50 fois la largeur de la fente.By way of example only, for a conductor having an outside diameter of 80 mm, a length of the order of 600 mm and traversed by a nominal current of 4000 A, the width of the slots is advantageously of the order of 8 mm. and the length of the slots is between 300 and 400 mm. The length is therefore, in this example, between 37 times and 50 times the width of the slot.
Pour une barre de longueur d'environ 2600 mm, la longueur des fentes est comprise entre 2300 mm et 2400 mm pour une largeur de 8 mm.For a bar length of about 2600 mm, the length of the slots is between 2300 mm and 2400 mm for a width of 8 mm.
En considérant une coupe transversale d'un conducteur selon la présente invention, la section des les lumières inférieure et supérieure représente avantageusement 6 % à 10 % de la section totale du conducteur. Cette proportion varie en fonction de l'utilisation, i.e. du diamètre du conducteur, de la valeur du courant nominal traversant le conducteur, la résistivité du conducteur, etc.Considering a cross section of a conductor according to the present invention, the section of the lower and upper lights advantageously represents 6% to 10% of the total section of the conductor. This proportion varies according to the use, i.e., of the conductor diameter, the value of the nominal current flowing through the conductor, the resistivity of the conductor, and so on.
De manière particulièrement avantageuse et comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2B, on prévoit que les bords 14, 16 des lumières supérieure 8 et inférieure 10 présentent un rayon de courbure Rc suffisamment grand pour limiter les contraintes diélectriques pouvant apparaître au niveau des bords. En effet, plus le rayon de courbure Rc est faible, plus un risque d'apparition d'un effet de pointe devient important du fait de la différence de tension entre le conducteur et l'enveloppe métallique reliée à la masse.In a particularly advantageous manner and as can be seen in FIG. 2B, it is anticipated that the edges 14, 16 of the upper 8 and lower 10 apertures have a radius of curvature Rc large enough to limit the stresses. dielectrics that may appear at the edges. Indeed, the lower the radius of curvature Rc, the risk of occurrence of a peak effect becomes greater because of the voltage difference between the conductor and the metal shell connected to ground.
Avantageusement, le rayon de courbure Rc des bords est au moins égal à 3 mm, pour garder des contraintes diélectriques à un niveau acceptable.Advantageously, the radius of curvature Rc of the edges is at least equal to 3 mm, to keep dielectric stress at an acceptable level.
Sur la figure 2B, on peut voir le mouvement du fluide pneumatique circulant dans le conducteur de la figure IA, cette circulation étant symbolisée par des flèches 12.In FIG. 2B, the movement of the pneumatic fluid circulating in the conductor of FIG. 1A can be seen, this circulation being symbolized by arrows 12.
Le fluide pneumatique « plus frais » pénètre dans le conducteur par la lumière d'admission 10, circule dans le conducteur le long de la surface intérieure du conducteur et ressort, après avoir été échauffé par la lumière d'échappement 8. Grâce à la présente invention, il apparaît un phénomène de convection naturelle au sein du conducteur, celui-ci est donc refroidi par circulation du fluide pneumatique en son sein, et non uniquement par conduction. En outre la forme des lumières en forme de fente permet d' offrir une grande section d'admission et d'échappement et donc d'amplifier l'évacuation des calories. Dans le cas d'une section d'admission plus grande que la section d'admission, un phénomène de convection forcé apparaît.The "cooler" pneumatic fluid enters the conductor through the intake port 10, circulates in the conductor along the inner surface of the conductor and exits after being heated by the exhaust port 8. In the invention, a natural convection phenomenon occurs within the conductor, which is thus cooled by circulation of the pneumatic fluid within it, and not only by conduction. In addition, the shape of the slot - shaped lights makes it possible to offer a large intake and exhaust section and thus to amplify the evacuation of the calories. In the case of an intake section larger than the intake section, a forced convection phenomenon appears.
Le fluide pneumatique échauffé entre en contact avec la surface intérieure de l'enceinte, est refroidit et redescend vers le bas de l'enceinte en dessous du conducteur, avant de traverser la lumière d'admission 10. Il est à noter que la surface extérieure de l'enceinte métallique est en contact avec l'environnement extérieur et est donc refroidie, permettant la dissipation de la chaleur.The heated pneumatic fluid comes into contact with the inner surface of the enclosure, is cooled down and down the enclosure below the conductor, before passing through the intake port 10. It should be noted that the surface The outside of the metal enclosure is in contact with the external environment and is therefore cooled, allowing the dissipation of heat.
Sur la figure 6, on peut voir une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un posteélectrique selon la présente invention comportant une enveloppe 3 formant une enceinte remplie de gaz diélectrique, une succession de conducteurs 4 selon la présente invention disposés dans l'enceinte, connectés par des électrodes 18 et des contacts électriques 20, les extrémités 4.2 des conducteurs pénétrant dans les électrodes 18. Les électrodes 18 sont maintenues par des cônes isolants 22.FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a substation according to the present invention comprising an envelope 3 forming a chamber filled with dielectric gas, a succession of conductors 4 according to the present invention arranged in the enclosure, connected by electrodes 18 and electrical contacts 20, the ends 4.2 of the conductors penetrating the electrodes 18. The electrodes 18 are held by insulating cones 22.
On peut voir schématisés les flux de gaz F circulant dans l'enveloppe 3 à travers les fentes 8 et 10 du conducteur 4. On constate que, grâce à l'invention, le flux est particulièrement important au niveau des contacts 20 entre les électrodes 18 et les extrémités 4.2 des conducteurs 4.The flows of gas F flowing in the casing 3 through the slots 8 and 10 of the conductor 4 can be seen schematically. It can be seen that, thanks to the invention, the flow is particularly great at the contacts 20 between the electrodes 18. and the ends 4.2 of the conductors 4.
Sur les figures 3A et 3B, on peut voir la répartition des champs de température au sein du conducteur selon la présente invention, en comparaison avec la répartition des champs de température dans un conducteur 102 de l'état de la technique ne comportant pas de lumières. Plus la densité de points est grande, plus la température est élevée. On constate que grâce à la présente invention, la température au sein du conducteur est largement plus basse que celle au sein du conducteur de l'état de la technique. Sur la figure 3C, on peut voir un conducteur selon l'invention, dans lequel les lumières d'admission et d'échappement sont diamétralement opposées, mais non situées dans les zones les plus basse et plus haute respectivement du conducteur. On constate que la température au sein du conducteur est encore inférieure à celle du conducteur de l'état de la technique .In FIGS. 3A and 3B, the distribution of the temperature fields within the conductor according to the present invention can be seen in comparison with the distribution of the temperature fields in a conductor 102 of the state of the art that does not include any lights. . The higher the dot density, the higher the temperature. It can be seen that, thanks to the present invention, the temperature within the driver is much lower than that within the driver of the state of the art. In FIG. 3C, it is possible to see a conductor according to the invention, in which the lights intake and exhaust are diametrically opposed, but not located in the lowest and highest areas respectively of the driver. It can be seen that the temperature within the driver is still lower than that of the driver of the state of the art.
Sur la figure IC, on peut voir une variante de réalisation de la figure IA, dans laquelle les contacts 4.1, 4.2 sont coniques. Sur la figure 4, on peut voir une variante de réalisation d'un conducteur selon la présente invention, comportant deux lumières d'admission 101, 102 et une lumière d'échappement 8. La lumière d'échappement 8 est réalisée au plus haut dans l'enveloppe du conducteur et les deux lumières d'admission 101, 102 sont réalisées dans l'enveloppe de part et d'autre d'un plan vertical contenant l'axe X et la lumière d'échappement 8. Les lumières inférieures 101, 102 sont avantageusement symétriques par rapport au plan vertical, assurant un refroidissement homogène du conducteur.In FIG. 1C, an alternative embodiment of FIG. 1A can be seen, in which the contacts 4.1, 4.2 are conical. In FIG. 4, an alternative embodiment of a conductor according to the present invention can be seen, comprising two intake ports 101, 102 and an exhaust port 8. The exhaust port 8 is realized at the highest level in the envelope of the conductor and the two intake ports 101, 102 are formed in the envelope on either side of a vertical plane containing the X axis and the exhaust port 8. The lower lights 101, 102 are advantageously symmetrical with respect to the vertical plane, ensuring a homogeneous cooling of the conductor.
Cette configuration a pour avantage d'éviter que des particules métalliques piégées dans le conducteur, lors de sa fabrication, tombent par gravité dans l'enceinte. En effet, les particules restent dans le fond du conducteur entre les deux orifices d'admission 101, 102. Dans ce cas de lumières multiples, les critères de section de passage de courant sont à respecter, cela signifie que la largeur de chacune des fentes est inférieure à celle d'une seule fente, plus particulièrement la largeur de chacune des fentes est au plus égale à la moitié de la largeur d'une seule fente.This configuration has the advantage of preventing metal particles trapped in the conductor, during its manufacture, fall by gravity into the enclosure. Indeed, the particles remain in the bottom of the conductor between the two inlet ports 101, 102. In this case of multiple lights, the current section cross section criteria must be respected, it means that the width of each of the slots is less than that of a single slot, more particularly the width of each of the slots is at most equal to half the width of a single slot.
Dans le tableau suivant, sont rassemblés des exemples de dimensions du conducteur selon la présente invention pour différentes conditions de fonctionnement . In the following table, examples of dimensions of the conductor according to the present invention are gathered for different operating conditions.
B 15868 NSB 15868 NS
Figure imgf000020_0001
Figure imgf000020_0001
On peut prévoir un nombre quelconque de fentes en partie supérieure et en partie inférieure sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention.Any number of slots can be provided in the upper part and in the lower part without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Il est bien entendu que des conducteurs dont la section transversale n'est pas circulaire entrent également dans le cadre de la présente invention .It is understood that conductors whose cross section is not circular are also within the scope of the present invention.
Les conducteurs selon la présente invention s'appliquent à tous les niveaux de tension, par exemple à la haute et très haute tension de l'ordre de 800 kV àThe conductors according to the present invention apply to all voltage levels, for example at high and very high voltage of the order of 800 kV at
1100 kV, le diamètre des conducteurs étant adapté. Les conducteurs peuvent avoir des diamètres quelconques.1100 kV, the diameter of the conductors being adapted. The conductors may have any diameters.
Les dimensions des conducteurs sont définies en fonction de la densité de courant qui circulent dans les conducteurs et des niveaux de tension caractéristiques (choc de foudre, fréquence industrielle) du poste entre l'enceinte et le conducteur .The dimensions of the conductors are defined according to the current density flowing in the conductors and characteristic voltage levels (lightning strike, industrial frequency) of the station between the speaker and the driver.
Il est bien entendu que la présente invention s'applique à des conducteurs électriques de toutes dimensions, et que les valeurs numériques ne sont données qu'à titre d'exemple et ne sont aucunement limitatives .It is understood that the present invention applies to electrical conductors of all sizes, and the numerical values are given by way of example and are in no way limiting.
Les conducteurs mentionnés ont des diamètres compris entre 80 mm et 92 mm, cependant un conducteur ayant un diamètre de 130 mm utilisé pour des tensions de 420 kV à 550 kV et comportant des fentes selon la présente invention ne sort pas du cadre de l'invention. Des conducteurs de diamètre supérieur à 130 mm ou inférieur à 80 mm entrent également dans la cadre de la présente invention. II est bien entendu que les dimensions mentionnées sont uniquement indicatives et ne limitent en rien la portée de la présente invention. The conductors mentioned have diameters between 80 mm and 92 mm, however a conductor having a diameter of 130 mm used for voltages of 420 kV to 550 kV and having slots according to the present invention is not beyond the scope of the invention . Conductors with a diameter greater than 130 mm or less than 80 mm are also within the scope of the present invention. It is understood that the dimensions mentioned are only indicative and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Poste électrique sous enceinte métallique remplie d'un gaz diélectrique sous pression comportant au moins un dispositif de commutation et au moins un conducteur électrique disposés dans l'enceinte métallique, ledit conducteur étant destiné à être disposé de sorte à ce que son axe longitudinal (X) soit orienté sensiblement horizontalement dans ladite enceinte, ledit conducteur comportant une enveloppe de forme cylindrique creuse, le conducteur comportant un contact (4.1, 4.2) à chacune de ses extrémités longitudinales, lesdits contacts étant disposés à l'intérieur de l'enceinte, ladite enveloppe comportant une partie supérieure et une partie inférieure délimitées par un plan sensiblement horizontal contenant l'axe longitudinal (X) et, ladite enveloppe contenant au moins une lumière (8) dans sa partie supérieure, dite lumière supérieure, et au moins une lumière (10, 101, 102) dans sa partie inférieure, dite lumière inférieure, lesdites lumières (8, 10, 101, 102) ayant chacune une forme de fente, dont la plus grande dimension s'étend sensiblement le long de l'axe longitudinal (X) .1. Electrical station under metal enclosure filled with a dielectric gas under pressure comprising at least one switching device and at least one electrical conductor arranged in the metal enclosure, said conductor being intended to be arranged so that its longitudinal axis (X) is oriented substantially horizontally in said enclosure, said conductor comprising a shell of hollow cylindrical shape, the conductor having a contact (4.1, 4.2) at each of its longitudinal ends, said contacts being arranged inside the enclosure said envelope having an upper portion and a lower portion delimited by a substantially horizontal plane containing the longitudinal axis (X) and said envelope containing at least one lumen (8) in its upper portion, said upper light, and at least one light (10, 101, 102) in its lower part, said lower light, said lights (8, 10, 101, 102) each having a slot shape, the largest dimension of which extends substantially along the longitudinal axis (X).
2. Poste électrique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la section de la lumière inférieure (10, 101, 102) est supérieure ou égale à la section de la lumière supérieure (8). An electrical station according to claim 1, wherein the section of the lower light (10, 101, 102) is greater than or equal to the section of the upper light (8).
3. Poste électrique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le rapport de la section de la lumière inférieure (10, 101, 102) et de la section de la lumière supérieure (8) est compris entre 1 et 1,5.An electrical station according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of the section of the lower light (10, 101, 102) and the section of the upper light (8) is between 1 and 1.5.
4. Poste électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel les lumières supérieure (8) et inférieure (10) sont contenues dans un plan contenant l'axe longitudinal (X).4. Electrical station according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the upper (8) and lower (10) are contained in a plane containing the longitudinal axis (X).
5. Poste électrique selon la revendication précédente dans lequel ledit plan est sensiblement vertical .5. Electrical station according to the preceding claim wherein said plane is substantially vertical.
6. Poste électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, comportant deux lumières (101, 102) dans la partie inférieure symétriques par rapport à un plan contenant l'axe longitudinal et la lumière (8) de la partie supérieure.6. Electrical station according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising two slots (101, 102) in the lower part symmetrical with respect to a plane containing the longitudinal axis and the slot (8) of the upper part.
7. Poste électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel, en considérant une section du conducteur par un plan orthogonal à l'axe longitudinal (X) au niveau des lumières (8, 10, 101, 102), la section des lumières (8, 10, 101, 102) représente de 6 % à 10 % de la section totale du conducteur .7. Electrical station according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, considering a section of the conductor by a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis (X) at the lights (8, 10, 101, 102), the light section (8, 10, 101, 102) represents from 6% to 10% of the total section of the conductor.
8. Poste électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel les bords des lumières présentent un rayon de courbure (Rc) suffisamment grand pour limiter les contraintes diélectriques pouvant apparaître au niveau des bords. 8. Electrical station according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the edges of the lights have a radius of curvature (Rc) large enough to limit the dielectric stress that may appear at the edges.
9. Poste électrique selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le rayon de courbure (Rc) des bords est au moins égal à 3 mm.9. Electrical station according to the preceding claim, wherein the radius of curvature (Rc) edges is at least equal to 3 mm.
10. Poste électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, comportant un ensemble d'au moins une lumière supérieure (8) et d'une lumière inférieure (10) réalisé sensiblement au centre du conducteur à égale distance des contacts.10. Electrical station according to one of claims 1 to 9, comprising an assembly of at least one upper lumen (8) and a lower lumen (10) substantially in the center of the conductor equidistant from the contacts.
11. Poste électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, comportant deux ensembles d'au moins une lumière supérieure et d'une lumière inférieure, chacun étant réalisé à proximité d'un contact.11. Electrical station according to one of claims 1 to 9, comprising two sets of at least one upper light and a lower light, each being made near a contact.
12. Poste électrique selon la revendication précédente, réalisé en plusieurs partie soudées, une partie médiane (200) et deux parties (100, 300) comportant chacun un contact et un ensemble de deux lumières.12. Electrical station according to the preceding claim, made in several welded parts, a middle part (200) and two parts (100, 300) each having a contact and a set of two lights.
13. Poste électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le rapport entre la longueur de chaque lumière et de sa largeur est compris entre 2 et 200.13. An electrical station according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ratio between the length of each light and its width is between 2 and 200.
14. Poste électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le rapport entre la longueur de chaque lumière et de la longueur du conducteur est compris entre 0,05 et 0,85. 14. Electrical station according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ratio between the length of each light and the length of the conductor is between 0.05 and 0.85.
15. Poste électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les lumières présentent une largeur comprise entre 4 mm et 16 mm et une longueur comprise entre 8 mm et 3200 mm. 15. Electrical station according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the lights have a width of between 4 mm and 16 mm and a length of between 8 mm and 3200 mm.
PCT/EP2009/059869 2008-08-01 2009-07-30 Electrical conductor with improved cooling and switching device in a sealed casing comprising at least one such conductor WO2010012803A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0855337A FR2934706B1 (en) 2008-08-01 2008-08-01 IMPROVED COOLING ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR AND SEALED ENVELOPE SWITCHING DEVICE COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE SUCH DRIVER.
FR0855337 2008-08-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010012803A1 true WO2010012803A1 (en) 2010-02-04

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2485353A1 (en) * 2011-02-03 2012-08-08 ABB Technology AG Electrical connection assembly for an electricity distribution system of a high and/or medium voltage assembly
CN107851988A (en) * 2015-07-27 2018-03-27 西门子公司 Phase conductor device

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2638209A1 (en) * 1976-08-25 1978-03-09 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie High power interface linking power station generator to transformer - has cooling oil pumped between coaxial conductor and outer cylindrical casing
EP0048126A2 (en) * 1980-09-11 1982-03-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Gas insulated bus with cooling means
DE8534806U1 (en) * 1985-12-11 1986-05-28 Ritter Starkstromtechnik GmbH & Co, 4600 Dortmund Tubular busbar
DE19818193A1 (en) * 1998-04-23 1999-10-28 Asea Brown Boveri Cooling method for electric conductor system e.g. for generator

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2638209A1 (en) * 1976-08-25 1978-03-09 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie High power interface linking power station generator to transformer - has cooling oil pumped between coaxial conductor and outer cylindrical casing
EP0048126A2 (en) * 1980-09-11 1982-03-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Gas insulated bus with cooling means
DE8534806U1 (en) * 1985-12-11 1986-05-28 Ritter Starkstromtechnik GmbH & Co, 4600 Dortmund Tubular busbar
DE19818193A1 (en) * 1998-04-23 1999-10-28 Asea Brown Boveri Cooling method for electric conductor system e.g. for generator

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2485353A1 (en) * 2011-02-03 2012-08-08 ABB Technology AG Electrical connection assembly for an electricity distribution system of a high and/or medium voltage assembly
CN102629743A (en) * 2011-02-03 2012-08-08 Abb技术有限公司 Electrical connection assembly for an electricity distribution system of a high and/or medium voltage assembly
CN107851988A (en) * 2015-07-27 2018-03-27 西门子公司 Phase conductor device
CN107851988B (en) * 2015-07-27 2020-04-17 西门子公司 Phase conductor arrangement

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Publication number Publication date
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FR2934706A1 (en) 2010-02-05

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