WO2010008070A1 - 光学シート、面光源装置、および、透過型表示装置 - Google Patents
光学シート、面光源装置、および、透過型表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010008070A1 WO2010008070A1 PCT/JP2009/062981 JP2009062981W WO2010008070A1 WO 2010008070 A1 WO2010008070 A1 WO 2010008070A1 JP 2009062981 W JP2009062981 W JP 2009062981W WO 2010008070 A1 WO2010008070 A1 WO 2010008070A1
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- unit shape
- main body
- optical sheet
- light
- sheet
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/0006—Arrays
- G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
- G02B3/0062—Stacked lens arrays, i.e. refractive surfaces arranged in at least two planes, without structurally separate optical elements in-between
- G02B3/0068—Stacked lens arrays, i.e. refractive surfaces arranged in at least two planes, without structurally separate optical elements in-between arranged in a single integral body or plate, e.g. laminates or hybrid structures with other optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
- G02B5/0231—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures the surface having microprismatic or micropyramidal shape
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
- G02B5/0278—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in transmission
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/1303—Apparatus specially adapted to the manufacture of LCDs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
- G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
- G02F1/133607—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members the light controlling member including light directing or refracting elements, e.g. prisms or lenses
Definitions
- an optical sheet containing light diffusing particles that diffuse light isotropically, an optical sheet having an uneven surface (mat surface), and the like are widely used.
- such a condensing sheet also has a light diffusion function.
- a function (condensing function) for improving the luminance in the front direction is strongly exerted, and the front direction is the center.
- the function of smoothly changing the angular distribution of luminance is hardly exhibited.
- the cross-sectional shape of the unit shape element is an ellipse or a circle, the function of smoothing the change of the luminance distribution and uniforming the in-plane distribution of the luminance (light diffusion function) seems to be exerted strongly. It is supposed to be.
- JP2008-70456A discloses that each unit shape element (lens body) included in the light collecting sheet is provided with a curved surface protruding from the unit shape element. According to JP2008-70456A, it is said that a light diffusing function can be imparted to the condensing sheet by this protruding curved surface. JP 2008-70456A attempts to reduce the number of optical sheets incorporated in the surface light source device by providing an excellent light diffusion function to the condensing sheet.
- JP2008-70456A has an optical function (mainly a condensing function) of a unit shape element (lens body) and an optical function (mainly an optical function) of a protruding curved surface. Only the fact that the (diffusion function) functions alone. That is, with the technique disclosed in JP2008-70456A, a synergistic effect between the optical function of the unit shape element (lens body) and the optical function of the protruding curved surface cannot be expected.
- the protruded curved surface is arranged in the extending direction of the unit shape element with respect to each unit shape element.
- the plurality of first unit shape elements are arranged at a constant pitch along a first direction on the sheet surface of the main body, and on the sheet surface of the main body.
- the second direction may be arranged at the constant pitch, and the first direction may be inclined by 60 ° with respect to the second direction.
- the first direction is also arranged along the second direction, and the first direction is orthogonal to the one direction and is inclined by 60 ° with respect to the second direction. May be.
- the first unit shape element may be randomly arranged on the one surface of the main body.
- the surface light source device may further include a light collecting sheet having a plurality of unit shape elements having a triangular cross section.
- the surface light source device 20 includes a light source 25, an optical sheet 40 that transmits light from the light source 25 with its traveling direction deflected, and a light collector disposed on the light output side of the optical sheet 40. It has the light sheet 30 and the polarization separation film 35 disposed on the light output side of the light collecting sheet 30. A light diffusion sheet 38 that diffuses light is provided on the light incident side of the optical sheet 40.
- the surface light source device 20 may be configured in various forms such as an edge light (side light) type, but is configured as a direct type backlight unit in the present embodiment. Therefore, the light source 25 is disposed so as to face the optical sheet 40 on the light incident side of the optical sheet 40.
- the light source 25 is covered from the back side by a box-shaped reflecting plate 28 having an opening (window) formed on the optical sheet 40 side.
- the “light exit side” is a downstream side in the traveling direction of light from the light source 25 toward the observer through the optical sheet 40 or the like without turning back the traveling direction (observer side, in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4). Is the upstream side in the traveling direction of light from the light source 25 to the observer through the optical sheet 40 and the like without being folded back.
- a “sheet” is a concept including a member that can also be called a film or a plate.
- the “sheet surface (film surface, plate surface)” is a surface that coincides with the planar direction of the target sheet-like member when the target sheet-like member is viewed as a whole and globally ( In the case of an uneven surface, it is also equivalent to the envelope surface).
- the display surfaces of the transmissive display device 10 are parallel to each other.
- the “front direction” is a normal direction nd (see FIG. 3) with respect to the sheet surface of the optical sheet 40, and also coincides with the normal direction of the light emitting surface of the surface light source device 20.
- the light source 25 can be configured in various modes such as a fluorescent lamp such as a linear cold cathode tube, a point LED (light emitting diode), an incandescent lamp, and a planar EL (electroluminescent).
- a fluorescent lamp such as a linear cold cathode tube
- a point LED light emitting diode
- an incandescent lamp an incandescent lamp
- a planar EL electroluminescent
- the light source 25 has a plurality of cold cathode tubes extending linearly.
- the reflecting plate 28 is a member for directing light from the light source 25 toward the optical sheet 40, and at least the inner surface of the reflecting plate 28 is made of a material having a high reflectivity such as metal.
- the condensing sheet 30 is a sheet-like member for changing the traveling direction of the light incident from the light incident side and emitting the light from the light emitting side to intensively improve the luminance in the front direction.
- the light collecting sheet 30 has a plurality of unit shape elements (unit optical elements) arranged side by side along a certain direction (array direction) on the sheet surface.
- the unit shape elements extend linearly in a direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction on the sheet surface of the light collecting sheet 30.
- the unit shape element has an isosceles right triangle shape in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
- BEF registered trademark
- the polarization separation film 35 has a function of transmitting a specific polarization component of incident light based on the polarization state of the incident light and reflecting other polarization components to return to the light source side again. It is. “DBEF” (registered trademark) available from 3M USA can be used as the polarized light separating film 35 that can help improve the luminance.
- DBEF registered trademark
- the light diffusion sheet 38 diffuses incident light, preferably isotropically diffuses incident light, and reduces luminance unevenness (also referred to as a light source image or tube unevenness) according to the configuration of the light source 25, thereby improving the luminance surface. It is a sheet-like member for equalizing the internal distribution.
- a light diffusion sheet 38 a sheet including a base portion and light diffusing particles dispersed in the base portion and having a light diffusion function may be used.
- a light diffusion function can be imparted.
- optical sheet 40 Next, the optical sheet 40 will be described.
- the optical sheet 40 includes a sheet-like main body 45, and a large number of first unit shape elements (first elements arranged two-dimensionally on one surface 46 of the sheet-like main body 45.
- the first unit shape elements 50 are arranged with a gap on one surface 46 of the main body 45.
- the second unit shape element 55 is disposed between the first unit shape elements 50 on the one surface 46 of the main body 45.
- the entire region of the one surface 46 of the main body 45 is covered with the first unit shape element 50 and the second unit shape element 55. More specifically, a part of one surface 46 of the main body 45 is covered with the first unit shape element 50, and other than the one part of the one surface 46 of the main body 45. Is covered with the second unit shape element 55.
- the main body 45 has a smooth surface that forms the light incident side surface 41 of the optical sheet 40 as the other surface 47 facing the one surface 46.
- smoothing means smoothing in an optical sense. That is, here, it means the degree that a certain percentage of visible light is refracted while satisfying Snell's law on the light incident side surface 41 (the other surface 47 of the main body 45) of the optical sheet 40. Yes.
- the ten-point average roughness Rz (JISB0601) of the other surface 47 of the main body 45 (the light incident side surface 41 of the optical sheet 40) is equal to or shorter than the shortest visible light wavelength (0.38 ⁇ m), It is sufficiently smooth.
- a large number of first unit shape elements 50 constitute a fly-eye lens.
- the fly-eye lens in the present application is also called a fly-eye lens, and has a large number of unit lenses arranged at regular intervals or irregular (random) intervals in two different directions on a plane. It means a lens member.
- the arrangement of a large number of first unit shape elements 50 in the plane is a congruent equivalent to the projection onto the surface 46 of each first unit shape element 50.
- the circles are arranged on one surface 46 of the main body 45 with an arrangement in which the circles are slightly separated from the structure in which the planes are closely packed. That is, one first unit shape element 50 is surrounded from the periphery by six first unit shape elements 50 that are arranged symmetrically six times circumferentially at equal intervals. This corresponds to an arrangement in which each unit element is slightly separated from a hexagonal close-packed structure in a so-called crystal.
- the multiple first unit-shaped elements 50 are arranged at two common different pitches on one surface 46 of the main body 45 inclined at an angle of 60 ° with a common constant pitch. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the multiple first unit shape elements 50 are arranged at a constant pitch along the first direction d ⁇ b> 1 on the sheet surface of the main body 45 and the sheet surface of the main body 45.
- the first direction d1 and the second direction d2 are inclined at an angle of 60 ° with respect to each other along the second direction d2.
- the arrangement centers 51 of the three closest first unit shape elements 50 on one surface 46 of the main body 45 are respectively placed on the vertices of an equilateral triangle on the one surface 46 of the main body 45.
- a large number of first unit shape elements 50 are arranged so as to be positioned.
- the light source 25 is composed of a plurality of cold cathode tubes extending linearly.
- the fly-eye lens composed of the first unit shape element 50 has a unit lens (first unit shape element 50) that is circularly symmetric and isotropic within the surface 46, and therefore is on the sheet surface of the optical sheet 40.
- the traveling direction of the light can be similarly changed. Therefore, even if the arrangement direction of the first unit shape elements 50 is set without considering the longitudinal direction da (see FIG. 2) of the elongated light source 25 and the arrangement direction of the light source 25 (direction orthogonal to da), the light source 25 It is possible to similarly and isotropically change the traveling direction of light within a plane along the arrangement direction.
- each first unit shape element 50 is a circle protruding to the light exit side in a cross section parallel to the normal direction nd to the sheet surface of the optical sheet 40. Or a part corresponding to a part of an ellipse protruding to the light output side. That is, each first unit shape element 50 is formed as a unit lens.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first unit shape element 50 corresponds to a part of an ellipse
- either the long axis or the short axis of the cross-sectional elliptical shape is the optical sheet 40 from the viewpoint of intensively improving the luminance in the front direction. It is preferable to extend in parallel with the normal direction (that is, the front direction) nd to the sheet surface.
- the arrangement pitch P1 (see FIG. 2) of the first unit shape elements 50 on one surface 46 of the main body 45 can be set to 10 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m.
- the width W1 (see FIG. 2) of the bottom surface of the first unit shape element 50 along the arrangement direction of the first unit shape elements 50 on the one surface 46 of the main body 45 may be 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m. it can.
- the protrusion height H1 (see FIG. 4) of the first unit shape element 50 from the one surface 46 of the main body 45 along the normal direction nd to the sheet surface of the optical sheet 40 is set to 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. Can do.
- the multiple first unit shape elements 50 are configured identically.
- the multiple second unit elements 55 constitute a linear array prism portion.
- a large number of second unit shape elements 55 are arranged side by side without gaps in one direction, and each second unit shape element 55 is arranged in the arrangement direction (the one direction). ) Extends in a straight line in the other direction orthogonal to.
- the second unit shape element 55 when observed from the normal direction nd to the sheet surface of the optical sheet 40, the second unit shape element 55 includes one d1 in the arrangement direction of the first unit shape elements 50, and Each light source 25 extends in parallel with the longitudinal direction da.
- each second unit shape element 55 has a triangular shape protruding toward the light output side. That is, each second unit shape element 55 is formed as a so-called unit prism. And from the viewpoint of intensively improving the brightness in the front direction, the cross-sectional shape is particularly an isosceles triangle shape, and the apex angle located between the equilateral sides extends from one surface 46 of the main body 45 to the light output side. It is preferable that each 2nd unit shape element 55 is comprised so that it may protrude.
- the width W2 of the bottom surface of the second unit shape element 55 along the arrangement direction of the second unit shape elements 55 on one surface 46 of the main body 45 (see FIG. 4). ) Can be 1 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
- the protrusion height H2 (see FIG. 4) of the second unit shape element 55 from the one surface 46 of the main body 45 along the normal direction nd to the sheet surface of the optical sheet 40 is 0.5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m. can do.
- the multiple second unit shape elements 55 are configured identically.
- ⁇ is preferably 80 ° or more and 120 ° or less, and more preferably 90 °.
- the “triangular shape” in this specification is not only a triangular shape in a strict sense, but also an optical function similar to a triangular shape including limitations in manufacturing technology, errors during molding, and the like. Examples include a substantially triangular shape that can be expected, that is, a shape in which a vertex of the triangle is rounded, a shape in which the head of the triangle is cut (a truncated triangle), and the like. Similarly, terms used in the present specification to specify other shapes and geometric conditions, for example, terms such as “circle”, “ellipse”, “parallel”, “orthogonal”, etc. are also bound to the strict meaning. Without being interpreted, the interpretation should include an error to the extent that a similar optical function can be expected.
- the protrusion height H2 of the second unit shape element 55 from the one surface 46 of the main body 45 along the normal direction nd to the sheet surface of the optical sheet 40 is:
- the protrusion height H1 of the first unit shape element 50 from the one surface 46 of the main body 45 along the normal direction nd to the sheet surface of the optical sheet 40 is lower. That is, on one surface 46 of the main body 45, each second unit shape element 55 is divided by the first unit shape element 50, and two adjacent second unit shape elements 55 along the longitudinal direction of the second unit shape element 55. It extends between the first unit shape elements 50.
- the protrusion height H2 of the second unit shape element 55 is 9/10 or less of the protrusion height H1 of the first unit shape element 50, and is 1/10 or more. It is preferable that
- the protrusion height H2 of the second unit shape element 55 made of a linear prism is higher than the protrusion height H1 of the first unit shape element 45 constituting the fly-eye lens. When it is low, such a problem can be solved.
- the optical sheet 40 As described above, at the interface between the main body portion 45 and the first unit shape element 50 and at the interface between the main body portion 45 and the second unit shape element 55, it is positive for transmitted light. It is not necessary to exert an optical action. Therefore, the optical sheet 40 can be integrally formed from the same material by shaping using the molding apparatus 60 as shown in FIG. In addition, as a material, the moldability is good and it is easy to obtain, and the resin has excellent light transmittance (for example, a transparent polyfunctional urethane acrylate oligomer having a refractive index of 1.57 of cured product and diester. A cross-linked cured product of a composition with a pentaerythritol hexaacrylate monomer) is preferably used.
- the molding apparatus 60 has a molding die 70 having a substantially cylindrical outer contour.
- a cylindrical mold surface (uneven surface) 72 is formed in a portion corresponding to the outer peripheral surface (side surface) of the column of the molding die 70.
- the molding die 70 having a cylindrical shape has a central axis CA that passes through the center of the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder, in other words, a central axis CA that passes through the center of the cross section of the cylinder.
- mold 70 is comprised as a roll type
- a recess 74 corresponding to the first unit shape element 55 of the optical sheet 40 and a groove 76 corresponding to the second unit shape element 55 are formed on the mold surface 72.
- the groove 76 extends circumferentially around the central axis CA of the mold surface 72, or extends spirally around the central axis CA of the mold surface 72. In any case, the groove 76 extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the central axis CA of the mold surface 72 (the angle of the groove 76 with respect to the central axis is about 90 ° ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 °).
- the concave portion 74 can be formed at a desired position on the circumferential surface of the cylindrical base material or the cylindrical base material by, for example, etching using a photolithography technique. Thereafter, the groove 76 extending across the concave portion 74 can be formed on the circumferential surface of the cylindrical base material or the cylindrical base material in which the concave portion 74 is formed, for example, by cutting using a cutting tool. .
- the molding device 60 includes a molding base material supply device 62 that supplies a sheet material (molding base material sheet) 48 that extends in a strip shape, and a sheet material 48 to be fed and a mold 70 for molding.
- the curing device 76 can be appropriately configured according to the curing characteristics of the material 49 to be cured.
- a sheet material 48 made of, for example, a transparent resin is supplied from the molding substrate supply device 62. As shown in FIG. 5, the supplied sheet material 48 is fed into a molding die 70 and is held by the molding die 70 and a pair of rollers 68 so as to face the uneven surface 42 of the die 70. Become so.
- a material 49 having fluidity is supplied from the material supply device 64 between the sheet material 48 and the mold surface 72 of the molding die 70.
- “having fluidity” means that the material 49 supplied to the mold surface 72 of the mold 70 has such fluidity that it can enter the recess 74 and the groove 76 of the mold surface 72.
- various known materials that can be used for molding can be used. In the example shown below, an example in which ionizing radiation curable resin is supplied from the material supply device 64 will be described.
- a UV curable resin that is cured by being irradiated with ultraviolet rays (UV) or an EB curable resin that is cured by being irradiated with an electron beam (EB) may be selected. it can.
- the groove 76 formed in the mold surface 72 extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the central axis CA of the mold 60 on the mold surface 72. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the material 49 supplied from the material supply device 64 is the longitudinal direction (in the one direction) of the second unit shape element 55 of the optical sheet 40 to be produced by the molding die 70.
- the molding die 70 is filled so as to be along a direction corresponding to the right and left direction in FIG. That is, the material 49 is supplied along the groove 76 for forming the second unit shape element 55.
- bubbles are formed in the first unit shape element 50 constituting the fly-eye lens of the optical sheet 40, or the first unit shape is formed. It was possible to effectively prevent the formation of a concave portion on the surface of the element 50.
- the groove 76 extends through the recess 74 for forming the first unit shape element 50.
- the gas typically air
- the present invention is not limited to the above estimation mechanism.
- the molding sheet material 48 passes through a position facing the curing device 66 in a state where it is filled with the ionizing radiation curable resin between the mold surface 72 of the mold 70.
- ionizing radiation corresponding to the curing characteristics of the ionizing radiation curable resin 19 is emitted from the curing device 66, and the ionizing radiation passes through the sheet material 48 and is irradiated onto the ionizing radiation curable resin 49.
- the ionizing radiation curable resin filled in the recess 74 and the groove 76 of the mold surface 72 is cured, and the first unit shape element 50 and the second unit shape element made of the cured ionizing radiation curable resin. 55 is formed on the sheet material 48.
- the present invention is not limited to such a molding method, and for example, a molding method such as an extrusion molding method or a transfer molding method, or other manufacturing methods can be used.
- the protrusion height H2 of the second unit shape element 55 is set to be the same as that of the first unit shape element 50. It has been found that it is effective to set the protrusion height H1 to 1/10.
- the sheet material 48 is separated from the mold 70, and accordingly, the unit-shaped elements 50 and 55 molded in the recess 74 and the groove 76 of the mold surface 72 together with the sheet material 48. Pulled away from the mold 70. As a result, the optical sheet 40 described above is obtained.
- the unit shape elements 50 and 55 (cured material 49) are the lengths of the molded second unit shape elements 55. It is gradually pulled away from the mold 70 along the direction (the one direction).
- the second unit shape element 55 is molded integrally with the first unit shape element 50 and extends elongated. Therefore, according to such a method, the molded second unit shape element 55 and the first unit shape element 50 can be smoothly released, and the molded second unit shape element 55 and the first unit shape element 55 and the first unit shape element 50 can be smoothly removed. It is possible to effectively prevent the unit shape element 50 from being cracked and the molded second unit shape element 55 and the first unit shape element 50 from being peeled off from the sheet material 48.
- the molding die 70 configured as a roll die is rotated around its central axis CA, the material 49 having fluidity is supplied into the die 70;
- the process of curing the material 49 supplied into the mold 70 in the mold 70 and the process of removing the cured material 49 from the mold 70 are sequentially performed on the mold surface 72 of the mold 70, whereby the optical sheet 40 is obtained. It is done. Since the mixing of bubbles in the obtained optical sheet 40 and the formation of holes in the surface of the optical sheet 40 are effectively suppressed, the obtained optical sheet 40 exhibits the expected desired optical characteristics. Will be able to.
- the optical sheet 40 including the fly-eye lens can be produced more efficiently at a higher speed than a normal fly-eye lens sheet. Thereby, it becomes possible to reduce the manufacturing cost of the optical sheet 40 including a fly-eye lens.
- the manufacturing cost of the mold 70 for molding the optical sheet 40 does not increase significantly from the manufacturing cost of the mold for molding a normal fly-eye lens sheet.
- the light emitted from the light source 25 travels to the observer side directly or after being reflected by the reflector 28.
- the light traveling toward the observer side is isotropically diffused by the light diffusion sheet 38 and then enters the optical sheet 40.
- the optical sheet 40 the light is collected so that the angle formed by the light traveling direction and the front direction (normal direction to the sheet surface of the optical sheet 40) nd is mainly close to 0 °.
- the optical sheet 40 the light diffuses so that the angular distribution of luminance changes smoothly and the in-plane distribution of luminance becomes uniform. The operation of the optical sheet 40 will be described in detail later.
- the light emitted from the optical sheet 40 is then transmitted through the condensing sheet 30 and the polarization separation film 35, and the brightness in the front direction can be further increased.
- the transmissive display unit 15 selectively transmits the light from the surface light source device 20 for each pixel. Thereby, the observer of the transmissive display apparatus 10 can observe an image.
- the operation of the first unit shape element (unit lens) 50 that forms a fly-eye lens will be described.
- the light L31, L41-L44 emitted from the first unit shape element 50 of the optical sheet 40 is refracted on the light exit side surface (lens surface) of the first unit shape element (unit lens) 50.
- the traveling direction (outgoing direction) of the light L31, L41-L44 traveling in the direction inclined from the front direction nd is mainly compared with the traveling direction of the light when entering the optical sheet 40. Is bent toward the side where the angle with respect to the normal direction nd to the sheet surface becomes smaller (see L31 in FIG. 3, L41 in FIG. 4, etc.).
- the first unit shape element 50 can narrow the traveling direction of the transmitted light to the front direction nd side. That is, the first unit shape element 50 has a light collecting effect on the transmitted light.
- the light directly incident from the light source 25 to the region of the optical sheet 40 away from the light source 25, in other words, the region of the optical sheet 40 that faces the midpoint between the two adjacent light sources 25 is the front direction nd. (See the light L31 in FIG. 3).
- action of the 1st unit shape element 50 mentioned above exerts effectively with respect to the light which advances in this way largely inclined from the front direction nd. As a result, it is possible to improve the luminance in a region away from the light source that tends to decrease the luminance.
- the region located directly above the light source 25 in the optical sheet 40 mainly has a small incident angle depending on the degree of diffusion between the light source 25 and the optical sheet 40.
- a large amount of light L32 enters.
- such a part L32 of light repeats total reflection in the light emission side surface (lens surface) of the 1st unit shape element 50, and changes the advancing direction to the light incident side (light source side).
- the optical action mainly exerted on the transmitted light from the first unit shape element 50 is different, so that it occurs according to the arrangement of the light emitting portions of the light source 25.
- Luminance unevenness tube unevenness
- an image of a light source light image
- the first unit shape elements 50 form a fly-eye lens and are arranged in two different directions on the one surface 46 of the main body 45. That is, the first unit shape elements 50 are two-dimensionally arranged on the one surface 46 of the main body 45.
- the light L37 traveling in a direction that does not greatly tilt from the front direction nd is entirely on the light exit side surface (prism surface) of the second unit shape element 55, as shown in FIG.
- the reflection is repeated and the traveling direction is changed to the light incident side (light source side).
- the light incident on the region of the optical sheet 40 that is located immediately above the light source 25 and in which a large amount of light from the light source 25 is incident at a small incident angle is converted into the second unit shape element.
- the light can be returned to the light source side by total reflection at the light exit side (prism surface) 55 (see the light L37 in FIG. 3). As a result, it is possible to prevent the luminance from becoming excessively high in the region of the optical sheet 40 located immediately above the light source 25.
- the transmitted light can be condensed and the front direction luminance can be effectively improved.
- the angle range (viewing angle) with respect to the front direction nd can be widened. That is, extremely ideal energy saving is realized. Further, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of luminance unevenness (tube unevenness) due to the configuration (arrangement) of the light source 25 and display an image with excellent image quality.
- the distance between two adjacent first unit-shaped elements 50 as supported by the experimental results in the examples described later as an example, and the second By adjusting the arrangement pitch P2 of the unit shape elements 55, it was possible to simultaneously improve the luminance in the front direction and suppress the in-plane variation of the luminance (hiding the light source image).
- the average minimum interval Sa of the first unit shape elements 50 is perpendicular to one direction (that is, the longitudinal direction of the second unit shape element 55) on the sheet surface of the main body 45 (that is, the second unit shape element 50).
- the arrangement pitch P2 of the second unit shape elements 55 along the arrangement direction of the unit shape elements 55 is preferably greater than or equal to the arrangement pitch P2.
- the average minimum interval Sa of the first unit shape elements 50 is preferably at least twice the arrangement pitch P2 of the second unit shape elements 55.
- the second unit shape element 55 is formed in the gap between the adjacent first unit shape elements 50 on the one surface 46 of the main body 45.
- a gap is inevitably formed between the adjacent first unit-shaped elements 50 due to manufacturing problems, and the area of the gap is a flat surface. Then, it is presumed that the light source light incident on the flat surface area travels straight, and as a result, the image of the light source 25 is easily viewed. Therefore, in the optical sheet 40 of the present invention, the light traveling toward the region between the first unit shape elements 50 on the one surface 46 of the main body 45 has a light diffusing function and a condensing function. The course direction is changed by the obtained second unit shape element 55 to receive moderate diffusion.
- the first unit shape elements 50 are arranged on the one surface 46 of the main body portion 45 by an arrangement in which the respective elements are slightly separated from the close-packed structure. ing. According to this embodiment, it is possible to densely arrange the first unit shape elements 50 on the one surface 46 of the main body 45. Thereby, the optical action by the first unit shape element 50 can be effectively exerted on the transmitted light. Further, by densely arranging the first unit shape elements 50, the area where the first unit shape elements 50 are not arranged on the one surface 46 of the main body 45 can be reduced to the minimum necessary. This can more effectively prevent “striking”.
- the unit shape element which comprises a fly-eye lens is arrange
- the smooth light-emitting side surface of the main body is exposed in a region where the unit shape element is not disposed on one surface of the main body.
- the area occupied by the unit shape elements was about 70% of the entire area.
- the first unit shape element since the first unit shape element is connected to the second unit shape element having a triangular shape in cross section, the first unit shape element has a shape that is originally slightly deformed from a circular shape in a top view of the light exit surface.
- the first unit shape element is shown as a simple circular shape for convenience of illustration and understanding.
- each unit shape element was the same as that of the first unit shape element of the optical sheet according to Examples A to D.
- the unit-shaped elements having a circular bottom surface were arranged on one surface of the main body portion with the highest possible filling rate. Specifically, due to manufacturing limitations, as shown in FIG. 10, two adjacent unit shape elements were not adjacent to each other, and an average gap of about 4 ⁇ m was generated between the two adjacent unit shape elements.
- the front luminance was measured in a state where white was displayed, and the in-plane distribution of the front luminance along the arrangement direction of the cold cathode tubes forming the light source was measured. It was measured.
- the luminance in the front direction fluctuated with a period in accordance with the arrangement period of the cold cathode tubes. That is, the front luminance directly above the cold cathode tube was high, and the front luminance at a position facing two adjacent cold cathode tubes was low.
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Abstract
Description
以下に説明する実施例1および実施例2に係る透過型表示装置、並びに、比較例1および比較例2に係る透過型表示装置を作製した。得られた透過型表示装置について、正面輝度、光源の像の有無、および、視野角を評価した。
(実施例1)
市販されている32インチ型の液晶表示装置を利用して、面光源装置と、液晶表示パネル(透過型表示部)と、からなる実施例1に係る透過型表示装置を作製した。図9に示すように、面光源装置は、細長状に延びる複数の冷陰極管からなる光源と、光源を取り囲む反射板と、光源の出光側に配置された光拡散シートと、光拡散シートの出光側に配置された光学シートと、を有している。液晶パネルは、光学シートの出光側に配置されている。
実施例1と同一の光源、反射板、光拡散シート、光学シートおよび透過型表示部を用いて、実施例2に係る透過型表示装置を作製した。ただし、実施例2に係る透過型表示装置においては、この第2単位形状要素の配列方向と光源(冷陰極管)の配列方向とが平行となるように、光学シートを面光源装置内に組み込んだ。実施例2の透過型表示装置に係るその他の構成は、実施例1に係る透過型表示装置と同一に構成した。
実施例1と同一の光源、反射板、光拡散シートおよび透過型表示部を用いて、比較例1に係る透過型表示装置を作製した。光拡散シートと透過型表示部との間には、実施例1とは異なる光学シートを設けた。すなわち、比較例1に係る透過型表示装置は、実施例1および実施例2に係る透過型表示部とは使用した光学シートが異なる点において相違し、他は同一の構成とした。
実施例1と同一の光源、反射板、光拡散シートおよび透過型表示部を用いて、比較例2に係る透過型表示装置を作製した。比較例2に係る面光源装置には、光学シートを組み込まなかった。すなわち、比較例2に係る透過型表示装置は、実施例1に係る透過型表示部から光学シートを除いた構成と同一の構成となっていた。
(評価方法1)
実施例1および2および比較例1および2に係る透過型表示装置によって全面白色を表示した状態で、正面方向輝度(cd/m2)の測定を行った。輝度の測定には、トプコン製のBM-7を用いた。輝度測定結果を表1に示す。表1においては、比較例2の透過型表示装置についての測定値に対する、各透過型表示装置についての測定値の割合を百分率で表している。実施例1および2に係る透過型表示装置の正面輝度は、比較例1および2に係る透過型表示装置の正面輝度よりも高かった。
実施例1および2および比較例1に係る透過型表示装置を、面光源装置の発光面(光学シートのシート面)が鉛直方向に沿うとともに、光源の長手方向が水平方向に延びるようにして、配置した。透過型表示装置によって白色を表示した状態で、正面方向に対する角度を変化させるようにして水平面上における種々の測定方向から輝度を測定し、水平面(光源の長手方向を含む面)内における輝度の角度分布を得た。同様にして、測定方向を鉛直方向においても変化させ、鉛直面(光源の長手方向に直交する面)内における輝度の角度分布を得た。測定には、フランス、ELDIM社製のEZ-contrastを用いた。輝度の角度分布から、最高輝度となった正面輝度の半分の輝度が測定された角度(半値角)と、最高輝度となった正面輝度の1/3の輝度が測定された角度(1/3角)と、を確認した。結果を表1に示す。表1において、αVは、鉛直面内における輝度の角度分布において正面輝度の半分以上の輝度が測定された範囲を角度(°)によって示し、αHは、水平面内における輝度の角度分布において正面輝度の半分以上の輝度が測定された範囲を角度(°)によって示し、βVは、鉛直面内における輝度の角度分布において正面輝度の1/3以上の輝度が測定された範囲を角度(°)によって示し、βHは、水平面内における輝度の角度分布において正面輝度の1/3以上の輝度が測定された範囲を角度(°)によって示している。すべての角度αV、αH、βV、βHについて、実施例1および2に係る透過型表示装置の値が、比較例1に係る透過型表示装置の値よりも大きくなった。
実施例1および2および比較例1および2に係る透過型表示装置によって白色を表示した状態で、光源の像が視認されるか否かについて目視で確認した。確認結果を表1に示す。表1において、光源の像を視認することができなかった表示装置について○を標記し、通常の注意力で観察して光源の像が明らかに視認された表示装置について×を標記した。△は、通常の注意力で観察した場合には光源の像が気にならなかったものの、凝視することによって光源の像が視認された表示装置に標記した。
以下に説明する実施例A~Dに係る透過型表示装置、並びに、比較例Aに係る透過型表示装置を作製した。得られた透過型表示装置について、正面輝度、光源の像の隠蔽率、および、視野角を評価した。
(実施例A~D)
上述した実施例2と同様にして、実施例A~Dに係る透過型表示装置を作製した。すなわち、実施例A~Dに係る透過型表示装置は、面光源装置および液晶表示パネル(透過型表示部)からなり、面光源装置は、冷陰極管からなる光源と、反射板と、光拡散シートと、光学シートと、を有するようにした。光源、反射板および光拡散シートは、市販されている透過型表示装置のものを利用した。実施例A~Dに係る透過型表示装置間において、同一の光源、反射板および光拡散シートを使用した。ただし、実施例A~Dに係る透過型表示装置の光源、反射板および光拡散シートと、実施例2に係る透過型表示装置の光源、反射板および光拡散シートと、は異なるものとした。
比較例Aに係る透過型表示装置は、光学シートの構成が異なることを除き、実施例A~Dに係る透過型表示装置と同一に構成した。比較例Aに係る光学シートは、シート状の本体部と、本体部上に配列されフライアイレンズを構成する多数の単位形状要素と、から構成した。すなわち、比較例Aに係る光学シートには、実施例A~Dに係る光学シートの第2単位形状要素に相当する線状プリズムを、設けなかった。
(評価方法1)
実施例A~Dおよび比較例Aに係る透過型表示装置の正面輝度を、実験1で説明した方法と同様にして、測定した。結果を、図10に示す。図10においては、比較例2の透過型表示装置についての測定値に対する、各透過型表示装置についての測定値の割合を百分率で表している。比較例Aおよび実施例Aと比較して、実施例B~Dは非常に優れた正面輝度を有していた。
実施例A~Dおよび比較例Aに係る透過型表示装置について、実験1で説明した方法と同様にして、輝度の角度分布を調査し、αHおよびαVを求めた。結果を、図10に示す。比較例Aと比較して、実施例A~Dでは、αHが向上し、αVが低下した。とりわけ実施例B~Dでは、比較例Aと比較して、αVが大幅に低下していた。このため、実施例A~Dに係る透過型表示装置、とりわけ実施例B~Dに係る透過型表示装置は、家庭で使用されるテレビとして理想的な光学特性、すなわち、水平方向における視野角が広く且つ光源光を有効利用することによって優れた正面方向輝度が確保されるといった光学特性を、呈していた。
実施例A~Dおよび比較例Aに係る透過型表示装置について、白色を表示した状態で正面方向輝度を測定し、光源をなす冷陰極管の配列方向に沿った正面方向輝度の面内分布を測定した。各透過型表示装置について、正面方向輝度は、冷陰極管に配列周期に合わせた周期で変動した。すなわち、冷陰極管の直上における正面方向輝度が高く、隣り合う二つの冷陰極管に対面する位置での正面方向輝度が低くなった。そして、このように周期的に変動する正面方向輝度の面内分布の測定結果から、一つの冷陰極管に対応した区間を抽出し、当該区間内における平均輝度Iavと、当該区間内における最高輝度Imaxと、を求めた。そして、各透過型表示装置について、最高輝度Imaxに対する平均輝度Iavの比を隠蔽率I(=Imax/Iav×100(%))として求めた。隠蔽率Iは100%以上の値を取り、値が100%に近い程、面内分布が抑制され、冷陰極管の像が視認されにくくなる。結果を、図10に示す。比較例Aと比較して、実施例A~Dでは、隠蔽率Iが格段に低下した。とりわけ実施例B~Dでは、比較例Aと比較して、隠蔽率Iが格段に低下し、100%に近い値をとっていた。
Claims (13)
- シート状の本体部と、
前記本体部の一方の面上に配列され、フライアイレンズを構成する複数の第1単位形状要素と、
前記本体部の前記一方の面上に配列され、前記本体部のシート面上の一方向と平行に延びる複数の第2単位形状要素と、を備え、
前記第1単位形状要素は、前記本体部の前記一方の面上に、隙間を空けて配列され、
前記第2単位形状要素は、前記本体部の前記一方の面上のうちの前記第1単位形状要素の間に配置されている
ことを特徴とする光学シート。 - 前記本体部のシート面への法線方向と平行な断面であって前記一方向と直交する断面において、前記第2単位形状要素は、三角形形状となっている
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学シート。 - 前記本体部のシート面への法線方向と平行な断面において、前記第1単位形状要素は、楕円または円の一部分に相当する形状を有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学シート。 - 前記本体部の前記一方の面のうちの一部の領域が前記第1単位形状要素によって覆われ、
前記本体部の前記一方の面のうちの前記一部の領域以外のその他の全領域が、前記第2単位形状要素によって覆われている
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学シート。 - 前記本体部の前記一方の面からの前記第2単位形状要素の突出高さは、前記本体部の前記一方の面からの前記第1単位形状要素の突出高さの9/10以下である
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学シート。 - 前記複数の第1単位形状要素は、前記本体部のシート面上の第1方向に沿って一定のピッチで配列されているとともに、前記本体部のシート面上の第2方向に沿っても前記一定のピッチで配列されており、
前記第1方向は、前記第2方向に対して60°傾斜している
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学シート。 - ある一つの第1単位形状要素と、前記本体部の前記シート面に沿って当該一つの第1単位形状要素に最も近接して配置された他の第1単位形状要素と、の間の前記本体部の前記シート面に沿った離間間隔の平均を表す第1単位形状要素の平均最小間隔が、前記本体部の前記シート面上における前記一方向へ直交する方向への前記第2単位形状要素の配列ピッチ以上である
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光学シート。 - 前記複数の第1単位形状要素は、前記本体部のシート面上の第1方向に沿って一定のピッチで配列されているとともに、前記本体部のシート面上の第2方向に沿っても前記一定のピッチで配列されており、
前記第1方向は、前記一方向に対して直交しており、且つ、前記第2方向に対して60°傾斜している
ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の光学シート。 - 前記第1単位形状要素は、前記本体部の前記一方の面上にランダムに配置されている
ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の光学シート。 - 光源と、
前記光源からの光を受ける請求項1に記載の光学シートと、を備える
ことを特徴とする面光源装置。 - 断面三角形形状の複数の単位形状要素を有する集光シートをさらに備える
ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の面光源装置。 - 前記光学シートの出光側に配置された偏光分離フィルムをさらに備える
ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の面光源装置。 - 透過型表示部と、
前記透過型表示部に対向して配置された請求項10に記載の面光源装置と、を備える
ことを特徴とする透過型表示装置。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102099715A (zh) | 2011-06-15 |
KR101173788B1 (ko) | 2012-08-16 |
KR20110031471A (ko) | 2011-03-28 |
JP2010044379A (ja) | 2010-02-25 |
US20100315803A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
JP2011059698A (ja) | 2011-03-24 |
US9417363B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 |
JP4642124B2 (ja) | 2011-03-02 |
CN102099715B (zh) | 2013-06-05 |
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